Background:  The public health concern represented by eye injury in Victoria, Australia has been known for a period now approaching 20 years. However, there has been no improvement observed in this public health concern since it was first identified in the 1990s. This study further investigates the epidemiology of eye injury in Victoria, specifically hospital‐admitted eye injury.


With the acceleration of information process,it is faced with important opportunities and challenges in computer foundational education.The reform of computer foundational education is inevitable and necessary in the environment of the developing information process.This paper gives some effective educational reforms of the computer elementary curriculum at the aspects of teaching content,teaching mode,teaching method and examination mode,and it has achieved excellent effects in practice teaching.


Background : Penetrating neck injuries with laryngeal trauma is uncommon event which can lead to its damage and might cause mortality as well. The incidence of this type of laryngeal trauma increases in war times and areas of conflicts. Different modes of management are recommended depending on the presentation, site and nature of the injury. Case Report : We present this case of a 35 year old male who was exposed to shell injury of the larynx, documented by plain x-ray and CT scan of the neck; and managed by open exploration where midline thyrotomy with removal of the shell were done. Patient had a good recovery and an uneventful follow up period. Conclusion : Causes and incidence of penetrating laryngeal trauma differ between peace and war times. Early recognition and management is required to establish sufficient airway and to secure the patient's life if endangered. Management differs largely depending on the patient's presentation, site of trauma and the nature of the traumatic agent and its velocity.


Unemployment and difficulties integrating young people into the labour market are widely recognized to represent major challenges for the European Union, which is currently facing multiple tasks in this area. Despite ample consideration and suggested convergence policies between EU member states, youth unemployment and early job insecurity remain extensive in many European countries, irrespective of the impact of the financial crisis on their economies. Much action has been taken to decrease youth unemployment, but evidence shows persistently high levels in many European countries, especially since the outbreak of the crisis (Karamessini et al., 2016b). According to Eurostat,1 youth unemployment rates in the EU-28 exceeded 15 per cent in 21 countries in 2015. In the same year there was extremely wide variation in youth unemployment rates across Europe, ranging from 7.2 per cent in Germany and 8.8 per cent in Iceland to 48.3 per cent in Spain and 49.8 per cent in Greece. The problem is evidently far more acute and persistent in some countries than in others. Spain, Greece, Croatia, Italy, Portugal and Cyprus are the countries most affected by the economic crisis, particularly in terms of youth unemployment. Looking at gender differentiations, women exhibited a distinctly higher unemployment rate up until 2007, but after 2008 − as the crisis substantially affected the 'male' occupations − male and female unemployment


AbstractThis paper shows and compares the experimental results obtained by using a standard cone (10  cm2) and a mini piezocone (2  cm2). Tests were carried out at Calendasco (Piacenza, Italy) in a...


ABSTRACT The Laboratoty in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Autoimmune andNeoplastic Thyroid DiseasesLaboratory tests are essential for the diagnosis and follow-up of autoim-mune and neoplastic thyroid diseases. The most important test for the etio-logic diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a disease with high prevalence inthe population, is the determination of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (A-TPO), which is also useful for the diagnosis of Graves' disease, for predictin grisk of hypothyroidism in sub-clinical hypothyroidism and for predicting post-partum thyroiditis in at-risk women. Another very useful test in autoimmunediseases is the determination of anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) in thediagnosis of rare forms of Graves' disease, as patients with few symptoms o rmulti-nodular goiters. In thyroid cancer, thyroglobulin is essential in the fol-low-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary and follicu-lar), whereas calcitonin is necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up ofmedullary thyroid carcinoma .(Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2002;46/1; 65-71 )Keywords:Anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies; Anti-TSH receptor antibodies ;Thyroglobulin; Calcitonin


Tunisia is one of the pioneering developing countries in terms of energyefficiency policy initiated since the mid-1980s. Indeed, energy efficiencyhas become one of the main pillars of the country's energy strategy,especially with the increase in energy prices. The main objective of thiswork is to give an idea of the impact that certain choices made during thedesign of a building can have on its energy balance, namely the orientationof the facades, the types of glazing and their surfaces, the choice ofmaterials, etc. The calculation of the building's energy requirement wasdetermined using the transient systems simulation program TRNSYS(version 18) with a modular structure.


We derive bounds on the Dirac Yukawa couplings of the neutrinos in seesaw models using the recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data on Higgs decays for the case where the Standard Model singlet heavy leptons needed for the seesaw mechanism have masses in the 100 GeV range. Such scenarios with large Yukawa couplings are natural in Inverse Seesaw models since the small neutrino mass owes its origin to a small Majorana mass of a new set of singlet fermions. Large Yukawas with sub-TeV mass right-handed neutrinos are also possible for certain textures in Type-I seesaw models, so that the above bounds also apply to them. We find that the current Higgs data from the LHC can put bounds on both electron- and muon-type Yukawa couplings of order 10^{-2}.


Responsibility for realizing the benefits of IT investments and the success of these benefits is not just the responsibility of the IT organization. An IT project can be completed perfectly, ontime, and on-budget, and still fail to succeed and realize the intended business benefits that justified initial the investment. True IT benefits realization and investment return only occurs when Business Units and IT work as partners with shared knowledge, joint commitment, and shared accountability for the success or failure for the project. Benefits also occur when they are measured, calling for jointly agreed on measures of success that are actually demonstrated at the end of an IT project. The IT literature contains a great deal of knowledge on IT-Business alignment and shared knowledge, but is "light" on shared commitment and accountability, especially when tied to actual benefits realization (dependent variables). This Mini-track showcases theoretically sound and ground-breaking research that reflects, interprets, and leads the realities of IT organizations as an integral part of businesses. The seven research papers included in this Mini-track provide a broad array of topics that explore how business value is created. The results as well as the conclusions that the authors draw are intriguing and will help provide a greater understanding of issues surrounding how IT is aligned with business strategies. Likewise, the results suggest that when there exists shared knowledge, joint commitment, and shared accountability between business and IT leaders, alignment provides IT-enabled results for the overall business. In addition, the expansion of theoretical models into industry specific terms provides additional contributions for academics and industry practitioners. Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2004


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide technology for determining the placement of a reflection object which reflects voices in designing a filter adopted for voice based information. SOLUTION: In cases where a filter adopted for voice based information is designed on the basis of a prescribed evaluation function by using a spatial correlation matrix expressed by transfer characteristics in plural directions in space, the transfer characteristics each are expressed by the sum of the transfer characteristic of a direct sound and each transfer characteristic of one reflection sound reflecting at a reflection object, and the evaluation function is such a function that the more a voice in at least a target direction is emphasized, the smaller the value it takes. A storage unit has stored therein candidates for the placement of the reflection object for a microphone array or a speaker array. A placement determination unit calculates the values of the evaluation function using a spatial correlation matrix expressed by transfer characteristics determined by the candidate, and determines a candidate for placement corresponding to the smallest of those values as the placement of the reflection object. COPYRIGHT: (C)2013,JPO&INPIT


[1] The remarkable relation well observed between variation in the length of day (ΔLOD) and variation in the axial atmospheric angular momentum (ΔAAM) (plus the oceanic counterpart, to a much lesser extent) is a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum on planet Earth. Quantification of the exact ΔLOD-ΔAAM relation, which we seek in the present study, depends significantly on the extent to which the core participates, or is dynamically coupled with the mantle, in transmission of the axial ΔAAM from the mantle to the core. If, after conversion to the equivalent ΔLOD assuming core-mantle decoupling (as in current standard practice), the calculated axial ΔAAM (according to atmospheric general circulation models [GCMs]) is systematically greater than the observed ΔLOD, then we can conclude the presence, and, furthermore, estimate the strength, of the said dynamic core-mantle coupling. However, in this study we find the opposite instead, that the calculated ΔAAM (plus the small oceanic counterpart) is smaller than the observed ΔLOD by 10%–20% consistently across the intraseasonal and seasonal time scales. Our main logical conclusion is that the atmospheric GCMs in general underpredict the ΔAAM, by at least 10%–20% at the mentioned time scales, a fact of importance with respect to the assessment of GCMs. Therefore, the systematic discrepancy found between the ΔAAM-predicted and the observed ΔLOD masks the relevant information on core-mantle coupling that we seek.


An ambulatory device for monitoring circadian rhythms, sleep, environments and movement patterns. # device registration, outpatient or home, comprising at least one activity sensor, a humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, at least two luxometers , one or two sonometers, at least one event marker, at least one activity sensor, a sensor body moisture, at least one temperature sensor, a sensor of skin conductance and a heart rate sensor, all gathered a base and a probe that can monitor and analyze exposure to the main signals synchronizing (light, ambient temperature, social contacts) and other environmental factors station. # the device can also detect cronodisruptores environments and monitors rhythms subject ambulatory or while is bedridden, sleep- wake cycle as the movement, respiration rate, snoring, body temperature, or body position, and presence / absence of the subject in bed.


High-fidelity simulators that connect theoretical models with observations are indispensable tools in many sciences. When coupled with machine learning, a simulator makes it possible to infer the parameters of a theoretical model directly from real and simulated observations without explicit use of the likelihood function. This is of particular interest when the latter is intractable. In this work, we introduce a simple extension of the recently proposed likelihood-free frequentist inference (LF2I) approach that has some computational advantages. Like LF2I, this extension yields provably valid confidence sets in parameter inference problems in which a high-fidelity simulator is available. The utility of our algorithm is illustrated by applying it to three pedagogically interesting examples: the first is from cosmology, the second from high-energy physics and astronomy, both with tractable likelihoods, while the third, with an intractable likelihood, is from epidemiology.


Introduction 1. Against confusion 2. Imagining, fiction, and narrative 3. A theory of discourse interpretation 4. Interpreting metaphors 5. The coherence and structure of discourse 6. 'Lawrence of virtuous father virtuous son': a coherence analysis 7. Structuring in Nerval's Sylvie Afterword Bibliography.


This paper systematically summarizes the related research achievements about concept connotation, theoretical framework, research progress and research contents of Tourism Destination. Based on characteristic analysis of these published articles, it gives prediction and suggestion on the future research trends in this area. It shows that placeness is the uniqueness of the specific place. Such uniqueness includes not only the characteristics of the place, but also the affections and meanings that people give to the place. As for the interaction between place and tourism, the research focus should gradually shift from the analysis on the importance of placeness to tourism to the impact of tourism activity to placeness. It has become a necessary stage that goes through placeness, then mobility, at last placelessness. Collision between tourism destinations and external factors is also constantly generating new localities, but this process is relatively slow. In the future research on reconstructing palaceness of tourism destination, more case studies on specific types of tourism destinations is expected. Moreover, it will be new perspective that exploring connotation, influence, trend and reconstruction of palaceness of tourism destination based on human-earth interaction, host-guest interaction. Keywords—Placeness; Mobility; Placelessness; Theories Review; Trend Forecast


Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous bands of tissue connecting normally separated organs and frequently involve the fat‐laden greater omentum. Remodelling of fibrin‐rich exudate under reduced fibrinolytic conditions is thought to initiate adhesion formation following surgery. It is unclear whether adhesions that involve the omentum develop in a similar manner. To improve understanding of omental adhesion formation, adipose tissue distribution, cell proliferation and procollagen type I gene expression were investigated in a murine surgical model and in established omental adhesions from patients undergoing abdominal surgery.


In the face of catastrophes and people suffering them,the idea of solving problem and satisfying the urgent needs of the refugees is often a matter of course haunting the social workers.However,it is frustrating that in recent years various problems derived from the natural catastrophes have not disappeared but spread rampantly.How can we learn from these catastrophes and catastrophe relief experience? This paper attempts to borrow Beck's concept of risk society,reflect on the social workers' catastrophe relief experiences during the accidents of 921 Earthquakes and 88 Flood in Taiwan,and discuss some thoughts of disaster social work practice inspired by Beck's perspective of risk society.


Anemia remains a public health challenge worldwide. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in adolescents, college students and is of continuing concern in developing countries like India. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among medical college students and  to study socio-demographic factors responsible for causing anemia. We conducted a cross sectional study in 100 medical undergraduate students from 1st May to 20 th July 2014. Detailed history regarding sociodemographic profile, dietary history by 24 hr recall method, and anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist and hip circumference were estimated. Hemoglobin was estimated by Sahli's Haemoglobinometer method. The mean parameter values like age, haemoglobin, BMI and waist hip ratio (WHR) were comparable in males and females. The overall prevalence of anaemia was found to be 39% with preponderance among female students (56%) as compared to male students (22%). Males as well as females belonging to hindu religion having low socio-economic status hailing from urban areas and involved in moderate physical activity work had higher prevalence of anaemia.


A simulation tool to characterize the radar cross section of a pedestrian in near field is presented in the paper. The tool has been developed in order to predict and optimize the performance of the short-range radar systems employed in autonomous vehicle operations. It is based on an analytical model which joins the modeling of the human body with the theory of the physical optics. Our studies first focused on the implementation of the electromagnetic code where the human body, the radiation properties of the antenna, and the scenario to be analyzed have been analytically expressed. Then, the proposed model has been validated in terms of accuracy comparing simulated, theoretical, and experimental data regarding the radar cross section of metal and lossy spheres and of an adult, in the frequency range 23–28 GHz. In the end, an evaluation of the performance in terms of required computer memory and execution time has been carried out, comparing the proposed simulation tool with other numerical computational methods.


 The `Introduction' gives a brief summary of some cultural phenomena of the horse.The body of this article talks from different angles about the classification and appellationreproduction and multiplicationraising and managementutility value and folk custom in trading of the horse in Shanxi dialects.It also talks about cultural phenomena which are bearing the character `horse'such as place namespeople's namesanimals' and plants' names and objects' namesetc. This article naturally embodies over 300 horse-related dialectal words used in the cities and counties of


In the history of democracy, various criteria have been used to determine the size and nature of the electorate. We can, in a general way, divide these criteria into two types which we might label ascribed versus achieved characteristics of the person. Suffrage qualifications based upon age, sex, race and religion would fall under the first category; qualifications determined by education, military and criminal status, and property fall under the second. The distinction draws attention to the implicit notion that some characteristics are acquired by individual choice ('achieved') while others are given from the outside simply by nature of an automatic inclusion within certain groups ('ascribed'). Such a categorization is certainly open to challenge from many angles. The point however is that it provides us with one way to begin understanding the changes which democracy has undergone. Of the ascribed qualities only age remains a legitimate basis for denying suffrage. Variations in suffrage rights based on achieved qualities still exist though there is less reliance on any of these as well. Overall, the development path seems to have run from the use of both types to the use of achieved criteria to using only age as a prerequisite. What are the driving forces of this transformation?


A modal expansion method is used with the reciprocity and Poynting theorems to derive the admittance of inclined slots cut in the metal wall of a nonradiating dielectric (NRD) waveguide. Theoretical values of normalised conductance and susceptance are compared with previously reported experimental results and are found to be in good agreement.


IEEE Binary Floating-Point is an industry-standard architecture. The IBM System/360™ hexadecimal floating-point architecture predates the IEEE standard and has been carried forward through the System/370™ to current System/390® processors. The growing importance of industry standards and floating-point combined to produce a need for IEEE Floating-Point on System/390. At the same time, customer investment in IBM floating-point had to be preserved. This paper describes the architecture, hardware, and software efforts that combined to produce a conforming implementation of IEEE Floating-Point on System/390 while retaining compatibility with the original IBM architecture.


Soymilk production is increasing year-on-year due to being perceived as a good way to obtain many important functional dietary components. Indeed, compared to bovine milk, soymilk production is expected to increase in the future. Considering the balance between supply and demand for protein sources, replacing some meat protein with soybean protein by improving the quality of soybean product is considered valuable. Consequently, this review will examine and summarize the progress of research being conducted on soymilk. A knowledge of soymilk requires an understanding of its structure, and numerous approaches have been taken in this regard. Investigations on heating, milling and extraction in soymilk processing are considered essential. Further, investigations on secondary processing of soymilk, such as concentration, membrane treatment, drying, and freezing are also introduced. (Accepted Oct. 4, 2019)


This paper presents the mathematical modeling of three phase Photovoltaic system con-nected with variable load using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system consists of a PV Array, Boost converter, three phase inverter and its control to maintain three phase variable load. The 40 kW PV system is studied with a variable inductive load of 30 kW. The paper gives analysis of each component of system. The constant and boosted DC voltage is obtained with the help of boost converter from PV Array. The three phase IGBT inverter PWM control scheme is proposed here to normalize the voltage imbalance during variable load. The PI controller is used to attain maximum active power from inverter and to maintain the reactive power


Hand-held coating material dispensing device using electrostatic and / or the compressed gas comprises a handle which extends downwardly from the cylindrical portion and the cylindrical portion. Handle encompasses the coating material to the coating material dispensing device, the compressed gas, and / or for connecting an electrical source, a module selected from modules having a number of different features.


A process for preparing both methanol and synthetic ammonia includes separated two systems for respectively preparing methanol and synthetic ammonia. The system for preparing methanol includes converting to prepare synthetic gas, synthesizing methanol while releasing gas and rectifying. The system for preparing synthetic ammonia from said released gas includes mixing with air, steam, or oxygen, two-stage conversion, transformation, decarborizing and methanation. Its advantages are simple process, and no N2 in the synthetic gas for preparing methanol.


Abstract Precipitation of carbon from α-iron during irradiation and thermal ageing has been studied using thin film electron transmission microscopy. During irradiation at 100°c precipitates formed with a density of 2 × 1014 cm−3 and saturated at 400 A diameter after 72 hours in a flux of 1·5 × 1011 neutron cm−3 sec−1 > 1 MeV. The precipitates were in the form of plates parallel to {100} and occurred individually in the matrix and in rows on dislocation lines. Thermal ageing at 100°c produced dusters of plates with a density of 3 × 1013 cm−3 and rows of plates on dislocation lines. At higher ageing temperatures the plate-like precipitates were replaced by larger dendritic particles at 200°c and needle-shape particles at 250°c with a density of 3 × 1013 cm−3. The defects produced during irradiation, which are responsible for irradiation hardening, were not detected. Tensile experiments showed that the hardening was most pronounced when precipitation did not occur.


Based on the first-principle,the geometry structure of the icosahedral Al12Pb cluster is investigated using the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) and the local density approximation(LDA) under density functional theory framework,and its binding energy(BE),electron affinity,equilibrium interatomic distances,the ga Pb between the highest occupy orbit(HOMO) and the lowest unoccupy orbit(LUMO) and HOMO electron configuration are calculated.Else,the interactional potential of atoms in Al12Pb clusters is calculated.The result is proven that the binding energy of the Al12Pb cluster with the C5v symmetry is lower than that of the Al12Pb cluster with the Ih symmetry and its stability is better.The computational data and experimental result are in agreement.


In this note, we consider the distribution of vertical tiles on a horizontal slice through a uniformly random lozenge tiling of a large sawtooth domain. We conjecture that the joint distribution of vertical tiles asymptotically coincides with the joint distribution of eigenvalues of a GUE random matrix if and only if the height of the slice is negligible in comparison to the square root of the height of the domain. We prove that this conjecture holds with respect to a natural family of observables playing the role of moments.


The decay channels of /sup 238/U( excited to energies between 10 and 1800 MeV are sampled by a microcanonical Monte Carlo calculation, i.e., the total energy, momentum, baryon number, and charge are strictly conserved quantities. From samples of about 2 x 10/sup 6/ complete events, various averages are calculated, such as the number N/sub c/ of charged fragments, the number of prompt and of evaporated neutrons, the temperature, and the multiplicity of heavy fragments. The distributions of the multiplicity N/sub c/ and of the temperature T are calculated as well.


Source-filter modeling of speech or musical tones requires a filter model for the spectral envelope of the signal. To reduce the number of modeling parameters, one idea is the use of psychoacoustic knowledge to encode only the relevant information in a perceptual sense. Starting from an accurate estimation of the original spectral envelope, with imperceptible details, in this work, we propose to use its Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) representation to catch the perceptually relevant information. Then, a new inverse process is presented to derive a smoother, but perceptually equivalent spectral envelope. For instance, this new method can be applied in speech coding, and thanks to the good properties of the MFCC representation, perceptual interpolations of sounds is made easier.


THE patient was a boy, age 11, with a fcecal fistula resulting from an enterostomy performed six months previously by another surgeon to relieve post-operative intestinal obstruction following acute appendicitis for which the child had been operated upon seven days before. At the operation for intestinal obstruction, the first presenting coil of distended intestine-which proved to be 1 foot proximal to the ileoczxal junction-was selected for the enterostomy. The


ing historian of Western mission thought. Wilbert Shenk's quest for a fresh missiology draws from the changing context of the twen tieth century. Shenk's thesis is that the mod ern missionary movement has ended and a new epoch has begun in which Christian mis sion finds authenticity in the witness of its martyrs. Colonialism has ended—hopeful ly—and with it the pretensions of a Western Christendom hegemony. Shenk is at his best in dealing with the deprivations of Christendom. Christendom is a deadly perversion that distorts the Christian message and subverts the Christian mission. The modern missionary movement tended to replicate Christendom on the one hand, lead ing to its eclipse and dissolution on the other. This is most evident in the changed center of gravity for the church worldwide. Today the most vibrant centers of Christian vitality are found not in the West, but in parts of Africa and Asia, "precisely where the missionary energies of the church have been focused over the past two hundred years" (184). Today's frontiers are not geographic; rather they are found wherever crucial engagement is taking place. An increasingly evident fron tier is at the point of religious encounter. "The vast majority of all people won to the Christian faith since the time of Christ have come from a primal or traditional religious background, and relatively few from the major world religions" (125)—a fact with important implications for theological educa tion and missionary training. The struggle with the legacy of Chris tendom in the West is evident in indigenization efforts in other parts of the world. As Shenk notes, "Christendom as a specific religio-cultural phenomenon was ultimately nonindigenizable" (120). In contrast, Shenk's study draws attention to vigorous new Christian religious move ments exhibiting indigenous styles of wor ship and contextual forms of church life. Examples are drawn from Africa, South America, and present-day China where "the 'foreignness' of the Christian faith has faded away because the churches in China have proven that they are authentically Chinese and Christian" (101). The dissolution of Christendom is accom panied by the rise of Christianity in the nonWestern world. Shenk's book celebrates the arrival of African-initiated churches and other species of indigenous Christianity. He calls them "new religious movements," which catches something of their distinctiveness, although in my opinion the term is better used to designate new religions developing outside the Christian fold. Advocates of the "three-self" indigenous church policy will be interested in the author's critique of the indigenization model. Shenk shows how this well-intended approach actually resulted in replication of the Christendom model. Too often missionaries failed to take into consideration the wider sociopolitical context in which conversion took place. Especially in Asia, the evangelical penchant for individual conversions was considered detrimental to social order, and the movement of groups of the oppressed into the Christian faith was per ceived as a threat to elite society. Because the missionaries were perceived as representatives of an alien Christendom, conversion was interpreted as an anti-social and anti-national act. Shenk's discussion of conversion is timely, showing the complexity of the subject and its underlying issues. The missionaries were viewed as representatives of Christendom that was part and parcel of Western colonialism. Shenk's insights are provocative and chal lenging. This book is essential reading for missiologists and ecumenical leaders as well as for thinkers concerned for mission in today's pluralistic world.


The interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere plays a vital role in driving vegetation recovery and restoration of soil nutrients. However, how this interaction affects vegetation succession and how soil nutrient recovery is driven by vegetation restoration and rhizosphere processes are still largely unknown. In this study, a well‐documented grassland restoration chronosequence on the Loess Plateau, China (fields at 0, 7, 12, 17, 22, and 32 years after farmland abandonment and a natural grassland reference) was selected. The species richness and diversity reached maximum values between 17 and 22 years after farmland abandonment, whereas the plant total above and belowground biomasses simultaneously peaked at 22 years and then remained stable. In the dominant plant rhizosphere and bulk soil concentrations of total glomalin‐related soil protein (including both old and recently produced fungal proteins) substantially increased from 3.58 to 4.87 g kg−1 and from 2.67 to 3.86 g kg−1, respectively, between 12 and 32 years after farmland abandonment. The concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the plant rhizosphere and bulk soil significantly increased between 17 and 32 years and reached the levels of the natural grassland. The aboveground plant biomass, soil SOC, and TN concentrations were positively correlated with the glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) concentration (p < .05). Our study suggested that interactions among plant‐mycorrhizae association, plant diversity, and biomass promote GRSP and nutrient accumulation in the plant rhizosphere and bulk soil, and GRSP largely contributes to SOC stabilization and the accumulation of SOC and TN.


The objective of the present work was to study the outcome of IVF and pregnancy rates in immunological infertile patients following prednisolone and IVF treatments. Micro agglutination test was used to determine positive antisperm antibodies in infertile men. The application of hamster sperm penetration assay (HSPA) in positive men with antisperm antibodies resulted in 48.7% (96/197) positive and 51.3% negative HSPA scores.


Noise is a growing problem in our society. It creates unwanted disturbance and needs to be dealt with. Active Noise Control (ANC) is the most effective way today, to cancel noise. ANC has a wide range of applications in common commercial products, various industrial applications and other machinery. ANC takes the use of adaptive filters which are governed by various adaptive algorithms. Adaptive algorithms work on the principle of optimisation. Years of work has led to the development of more efficient algorithms for various conditions which drive the filter to give a better performance. A review of the existing adaptive mechanisms is essential for future research as we need to know the demerits of all the existing adaptive mechanisms in ANC. In this review paper, we have discussed and compared the previous work done on the various algorithms related to ANC. The merits, demerits and practical effectiveness of all the algorithms have been discussed. Basic algorithms like the Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Square as well as their variant versions like Normalised LMS, Variable Step Size LMS and Filtered-X LMS have been considered. Numerous works on ANC have been analysed. Finally, conclusions have been drawn with the help of a tabular comparison of the algorithms.


A gray late afternoon in winter. Elizabeth Bishop, dressed casually in a Harvard jersey, welcomes the interviewer and answers his polite questions about a gorgeous gilt mirror on her living room wall. Yes, it is Venetian, those little blackamoors are Venetian, but it was picked up at an auction in Rio de Janeiro. The interviewer, sure in advance this is nothing to have asked one of his favorite poets to do, squares away with his cassette recorder on the coffee table and pops a prepared question. A wonderful expanse of books fills the wall behind the sofa. Before long there is laughter. A good memory, the thought of a quirk or extravagance in someone she knows and likes, sets Miss Bishop off. The laughter is quick, sharp, deep. No way to transcribe it.


This study presents a novel control strategy for a five-leg inverter-fed dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor (DT-PMSM)system. Three different five-leg inverter topologies (operating modes) can be reconfigured by choosing a pair of phases for sharing the common leg. The five-leg inverter operation mode with 150° phase difference can achieve full torque output, but the utilization of DC bus voltage is low. The operation mode with 30° phase difference has higher DC bus voltage utilization but lower output torque. The modified double zero-sequence injection (DZI) PWM strategy based on carrier-based PWM (CBPWM) for five-leg inverter operating modes is proposed. This strategy can achieve the maximum DC bus voltage utilization. The five-leg inverter operating modes can be used as a fault-tolerant solution for the occurrence of a fault in one leg of the six-leg inverter. Compared with the commonly used open phases fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategies, this strategy has the advantages of without increasing the stator copper, reducing the torque ripples, and implementing easily. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.


Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a constellation of risk factors that include insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Atherosclerotic complications are the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality in MetS. Individuals with MetS have an increased propensity for abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), a key step responsible for development and progression of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that high glucose and high leptin concentrations, characteristic of MetS, upregulate the expression of a potent proatherogenic matricellular protein thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) in human and mouse aortic smooth muscle cells. Multiple epidemiological and animal studies document an important role of TSP‐1 in development of atherosclerosis. TSP‐1 expression is significantly elevated in both diabetic and obese patients and animal models. Previous studies suggest that TSP‐1 stimulates VSMC migration and proliferation which may contribute to accelerated atherosclerotic and restenotic complications. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether upregulation of TSP‐1 expression correlates with enhanced VSMC phenotypic switching in the agouti yellow KKAy+/− mice, a mouse model of MetS characterized by hyperglycemia, obesity and hyperleptinemia. Briefly, yellow obese, hyperglycemic KKAy+/− mice and age‐matched black lean, non‐hyperglycemic littermates (KKAy−/−), weaned at 4 wks of age were maintained on regular chow diet until 24 wks of age (study endpoint). After an overnight fasting, mice were euthanized at endpoint to harvest blood and aortic vessels; plasma samples were processed for lipid measurements and aortic tissue lysates were subjected to immunoblotting. Yellow KKAy+/− mice showed a significant increase in body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol and total triglyceride levels as compared to black KKAy−/− littermate mice. Immunoblotting of aortic tissue lysates revealed an upregulation of TSP‐1 expression concomitant to increased expression of PCNA (proliferation marker) in obese KKAy+/− mice as compared to age‐matched lean KKAy−/− littermates. There was an increased expression of vimentin (synthetic SMC marker) coupled with reduced SM‐MHC (contractile SMC marker) expression in the aortic vessels of obese KKAy+/− mice as compared to the lean KKAy−/− mice. Finally, immunoblotting experiments further demonstrated increased activation of ERK‐1/2 and p38‐MAPK, signaling mediators of VSMC growth, in aortic vessels of obese KKAy+/− mice as compared to lean KKAy−/− littermates. Taken together, our data suggest a potential link between TSP‐1 and VSMC phenotypic transition that may contribute to atherosclerotic complications associated with metabolic syndrome.


Objective : To know when we can identify fetal Y chromosome SRY gene by using fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Methods : DNA from maternal plasma of 62 pregnant women (48: inpatients, 14: outpatients) underwent a sensitive Y-PCR assay to identify SRY gene of Y chromosome. Results : Of the patients, fetus-derived Y sequences were detected in 37 (88.1%) of the 42 maternal plasma samples from women bearing male fetuses. One of the 20 women bearing female fetuses had positive result from plasma DNA. Seventh gestational week was the earliest gestation of gender identification. Conclusion : We could identify fetal gender using fetal DNA in maternal plasma (sensitivity 88.1%). The earlist to detect was 7th gestational week.


Backgrounds: Many factors are involved in cellular aging, and senescence induction requires complex regulation of various signaling networks and processes. Specifically, in the area of aging-related vascular cognitive impairment, laboratory-based findings have not yet yielded agents of practical use for clinical settings. One possible reason is that the physiologic elements of aging have been insufficiently considered such as in a drug screening experiments (particular in the vitro-blood brain barrier model). It is difficult to age primary human cerebral vascular endothelial cells for the experiments using standard methods because of their limited ability to survive in vitro. To establish techniques to mimic cellular aging by modulation of microRNAs, we aimed to identify key microRNAs capable of fine-tuning aging-associated genes, and thereby regulating the senescence of vascular endothelial cells. Methods: To identify candidate microRNAs, expression microRNA array was performed between control and senescent vascular endothelial cells. Thereafter, bioinformatic analysis was used to select key microRNAs. These candidates were then modulated in vitro using microRNA mimics and inhibitors in vascular endothelial cells, and senescence-associated gene expression patterns were evaluated by qPCR. Results: Seventeen microRNAs were significantly increased more than 2-fold in senescent cells. Of those, bioinformatic analysis concluded that miR-181a-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-382-5p were likely associated with regulation of cellular senescence. We evaluated the potential targets of these six microRNAs by comparing them with cell-cycling and apoptosis-related genes from published mRNA transcriptional array data from aged tissues, and found that miR-181a-5p, miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-3p were enriched in overlapping targets compared with the other candidates. When modulating and comparing these microRNAs in vascular endothelial cells with several patterns, we noticed that over-expression of miR-30a-5p, and inhibition of both miR-30a-3p and miR-181a-5p, induce senescence. Conclusion: Simultaneous upregulation of miR-30a-5p, and downregulation of both miR-30a-3p and miR-181a-5p, mimic cellular senescence in vascular endothelial cells. This single step induction, as opposed to the time-consuming process of replicative passage senescence, would be useful for mimicking cell senescence vitro model.


Canola seed has been developed from rapeseed for production of edible oil with low erucic acid and feed meal with low glucosinolates. In the canola plant sulfur is an essential component of both structural molecules (amino acids) and functional species (such as glutathione and thiamine). Glucosinolates also contain sulfur. The canola plant has high demand for sulfur and develops high sulfur content in seed. However, when canola seed is processed to produce canola oil, sulfur poisons the nickel catalyst commonly used for hydrogenation. In addition, the aglycone derivatives of glucosinolates including isothiocyanates and thiocyanates are toxic to poultry and swine. Since the 1920s gravimetric methods (AOAC 920.10 and 923.01) have been used for sulfur determination in plants. Although ICP-OES methods have been published since the 1990s, as the sulfur emission signals are in the ultraviolet region and are susceptible to interferences, rigorous sample digestion using HClO 4 , aqua regia or HF was necessary 1 , which poses safety concerns. In addition, the interference of minerals could not be removed by any digestion. Here we present an improved method which is safe and efficient for canola seed. Sulfur was quantified by ICP-OES using indium as an internal standard after microwave assisted digestion with dilute nitric acid. The method was validated for accuracy and precision on commercially available canola seed in which excessive amounts of interfering elements were present, followed by 100% confirmation with a rapeseed Certified Reference Material. With a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.025%, this method has a 3.7% RSD and average recovery of 99.2%. Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc can be determined simultaneously.


The agronomic, morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics of native and improved varieties of rain fed drought tolerant maize (DTV) and non-tolerant varieties (NDTV) was compared. Correlation analysis of each variety in terms of production characteristics and other variables was done. This was done in order to observe if some of the latter could be used as selection indices of productive plants. The study was conducted under irrigated conditions in Zacatecas, Mexico (2280 musl; 15.8°C mean temperature; 448 mm of annual rainfall average). The average of 10 fully competitive plants of each variety was evaluated. There were no differences between the DTV and NDTV as a group, but they differed when considering characteristics of each individual variety. It suggests that to find differences between these varieties, they should be studied individually. The indices for selecting productive plants in the early DTV native are: C-5: NGC, NRC, NL and W5G for both grain and stubble; in the DTV semi early native: C-7: high values of: NKR and low: EH, DMF, DS  and PH for grain, also high values of: W5G, V5G, NSP and NPBT for stubble; in the  DTV native semi early C-23, high values of: W5G and a low one of PL for grain, also high values of: W5G, V5G and EH and low of: ASY, NRC and ILE, for stubble.

 Key words: Zea mays L., native varieties, rain fed, grain yield, stubble yield.


The 'flavescence doree' (FD) phytoplasma is associated with the most devastating grapevine yellows disease 'flavescence doree'. It belongs to the ribosomal group16SrV in which a high 16SrDNA identity among subgroup members exists. To investigate the genetic diversity of this phytoplasma in Slovenia a large analysis of strains in known and possible hosts and vectors was performed. The genotyping has revealed the occurrence of FD strains FD1, FD2 and FD3. Although isolates of FD2 and FD3 were detected in grapevines, those of FD2 prevailed. On the other hand, symptomatic as well as asymptomatic clematis (Clematis vitalba) plants were exclusively infected with FD3. Strains undistinguishable from FD1, FD2, FD3 and alder yellows were also detected in Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. In some alder samples mixed infections with different strain combinations were also demonstrated. FD2 strain was shown in the leafhopper vector of the disease Scaphoideus titanus. The FD1 strain was detected in the mosaic leafhopper Orientus ishidae. In addition, various specimens of this leafhopper were positive in PCR with a high presence of mixed infections.


Embedded processors have become increasingly complex, resulting in variable execution behavior and reduced timing predictability. On such processors, safe timing specifications expressed as bounds on the worst-case execution time (WCET) are generally too loose due to conservative assumptions about complex architectural features, timing anomalies and programmatic complexities. Hence, exploiting the latest architectures may not be an option for embedded systems with hard real-time constraints where deadline misses cannot be tolerated.
 This work addresses these shortcomings by contributing CheckerCore. CheckerCore is a mode-enhanced SPARC v8 soft core processor synthesized on an FPGA. During regular execution the core adheres to its original specifications. But when operating in a special time-checking configuration, CheckerCore executes programs irrespective of inputs and steers execution intentionally along selected control flow paths. Such execution allows systematic derivation of worst-case execution time (WCET) bounds. This paper presents the overall design and implementation of CheckerCore and also illustrates its use in deriving accurate WCET bounds for a set of embedded benchmarks. Overall, CheckerCore proposes a realistic processor core enhancement that encapsulate processor details without revealing them to users while supporting safe bounding of WCETs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first contribution of a WCET-enhancing microarchitectural feature besides full processor encapsulations.


The paper presents a novel approach to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle computing for complex or irregular voltage vector arrangements in the two (2D) and three–dimensional (3D) Cartesian coordinate systems. The given vectors arrangement can be built using at least three vectors or collections with variable number of involved vectors (i.e. virtual vectors). Graphically, these vectors form a convex figure, in particular, a triangle or a tetrahedron. The reference voltage vector position inside that figure can be expressed by the barycentric coordinates, which are calculated using the second (2D case) or the third–degree determinant (3D case) – without trigonometry and angles. Thus, the speed of the PWM duty cycle computation rises significantly. The use of the triangle area or the tetrahedron volume, instead of the standard vector projection also permits for a well–defined and universal approach to identifying the reference vector position, especially for converters with complex and/or deformed space–vector diagrams (i.e. floating DC–link, multisource DC–link). The proposed computation scheme is based on simple instructions without trigonometry thereby, the DSP processor, or digital solution for field–programmable gate array, can fast–perform this operation using atomic operations. The aim of the presented considerations is not a novel PWM modulation, but a computable idea of a general calculation scheme for cases in which the distribution of vectors is non-trivial. A detailed algebraic and geometric analysis, as well as mathematical proofs on the total consistency of the results with the standard projection method, are also included. Subsequently, the Three–Dimensional Space Vector Modulation (3D–SVM), is considered as a special background to present a novel approach.


Bilingual use of Tibetan and Chinese language is an inevitable demand and trend of language development in Tibet.Schools at all levels in Tibet soon began to carry out bilingual education since the peaceful liberation of Tibet.Bilingual education has greatly promoted the overall quality of students,strengthened the national unity and social stability in Tibet,as well as the development of economy,society,culture and so on.Bilingual education has exerted very positive effects in constructing harmonious society in Tibet.


Background and Significance: Although known to effectively provoke large scaled weight-loss, less is known regarding age- and sex-related influences on treatment outcomes of bariatric patients treated with a very-low calorie diet (VLCD) program. Purpose: This study retrospectively examined body composition and metabolic changes induced by a 12-wk proprietary VLCD treatment in obese patients while assessing age and sex differences. Methods: Male (n=16) and female (n=16) patients underwent 12 weeks of VLCD under standard medical care. Results: Older patients exhibited a greater relative loss of FFM compared to younger patients (p=0.004). Older patients also lost a greater proportion of total weight-loss as FFM (p=0.003) and lower proportion as FM (p=0.003) compared to the young group. This age-specific difference in weight-loss composition was driven by the older males. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the need for special clinical considerations for VLCD treated patients, such as older adults and perhaps older males specifically, who demonstrate a reduced quality of weight-loss compared to their younger counterpart.


The invention relates to an efficient method for separating solid residue and products in lignocellulose fermented mash. The method comprises the specific steps of: (1) preparing a flocculant solution; (2) evenly mixing the lignocellulose fermented mash with a flocculant solution, and stirring for 5 min to fully contact the flocculant with the lignocellulose solid; and (3) conducting a solid-liquid separation on the mixed fermented mash by using a mill or a vacuum filtration device, so as to obtain a clear liquid containing fermentation products and lignocellulose solid residue. The invention has wide raw material resources, greatly reduces energy consumption of the solid-liquid separation in the condition of ensuring yield of effective products in the lignocellulose fermented mash, further improves the production process of fuel ethanol and bulk chemicals from biotransformation lignocellulose, and provides technical reserve for industrialization of lignocellulose biorefinery.


Background: The maxillary sinus is valuable for the clinician; specially the dentists and the surgeons. Aim of the Study: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus volume, age and mid face parameters using CTs. Subjects and Methods: Sixty healthy individuals of both sexes aged from 5 years to 72 years used in this study. The subjects were divided into six age groups (10 subjects each): From 5 to 10 years old was group 1, from 11 to 15 years old was group 2, from 16 to 20 years old was group 3, from 21 to 30 years old was group 4, from 31 to 50 years old was group 5 and more than 50 years old was group 6. The maxillary sinus volume (MSV) was calculated and the following meas- urements were done: Zygion to zygion (zy-zy), Zygomaxillary (zm-zm), nasion to prothion (N-Pr), nasospinal to prothion (Ns-Pr). Nasospinal to (p) point (Ns-P). Nasion to nasospinal (N-Ns). The anatomical results of CT were correlated with age and sex. The data was statistically analyzed. Results: There was statistically significant difference in MSV between the age groups in females but not in males. There was significant positive correlation between the maxil- lary volume and some of mid face parameters. Conclusion: We concluded that the shape and size of maxillary sinus could affect the mid face anatomy.


This guide is designed to help students in American Literature with their sophomore research paper on the 1920's. Databases require passwords at home. To find passwords log-on to dashboard and move to Library Databases page. Use this tab to find biographical information


One of the new mitigation methods to improve the EMC behaviour of PLC devices is adaptive transmit power management (ATPM). This is basically the reduction of the power spectrum density (PSD) levels in case of low noise and low attenuated channels which may have PSD budget left. This paper will present results of measurements done with two possible PSD masks compliant to the new PSD levels defined in CISPR/I/301/CD [1]. The second part of the paper will make conclusions made from more than 11 million of records collected from more than 40.000 different users distributed mostly all over Western Europe. With these records containing information about real world PLC networks we can make estimations on how much we could benefit from ATPM.


The size distribution and the dynamic expansion of urban areas is a key issue for the management of city growth and mitigation of negative impacts on environment and ecosystems. Even if urban growth is perceived as necessary for a sustainable economy, uncontrolled or sprawling urban growth can cause various problems such as loss of open space, landscape alteration, environmental pollution, traffic congestion, infrastructure pressure, and other social and economical issues. To face these drawbacks, a continuous monitoring of the urban growth evolution in terms of type and extent of changes over time is essential for supporting planners and decision makers in future urban planning. The analysis of the city size distribution deals with different disciplines such as geography, economy, demography, ecology, physics, statistics because the evolution of a city is a dynamic process involving a number of different factors. The main issue of great importance in modelling urban growth includes spatial and temporal dynamics, scale dynamics, man-induced land use change.


A versatile and stable liposomal platform is developed for rapid optimization of its peripheral composition. The platform is based on polydiacetylene lipids terminated with alkynyl groups. Conditions for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (a "click" reaction) are optimized for rapid attachment of azides with controlled composition onto the liposomes.


Supreme Court of Canada declines Toronto Real Estate Board appeal* The Supreme Court of Canada recently dismissed the application by the Toronto Real Estate Board (TREB) for leave to appeal the…


The Earth movers distance (EMD) is a measure of distance between probability distributions which is at the heart of mass transportation theory. Recent research has shown that the EMD plays a crucial role in studying the potential impact of Demand-Responsive Transportation (DRT) and Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) systems, which are growing paradigms for one-way vehicle sharing where people drive (or are driven by) shared vehicles from a point of origin to a point of destination. While the ubiquitous physical transportation setting is the road network, characterized by systems of roads connected together by interchanges, most analytical works about vehicle sharing represent distances between points in a plane using the simple Euclidean metric. Instead, we consider the EMD when the ground metric is taken from a class of one-dimensional, continuous metric spaces, reminiscent of road networks. We produce an explicit formulation of the Earth movers distance given any finite road network R. The result generalizes the EMD with a Euclidean R1 ground metric, which had remained one of the only known non-discrete cases with an explicit formula. Our formulation casts the EMD as the optimal value of a finite-dimensional, real-valued optimization problem, with a convex objective function and linear constraints. In the special case that the input distributions have piece-wise uniform (constant) density, the problem reduces to one whose objective function is convex quadratic. Both forms are amenable to modern mathematical programming techniques.


We synthesized single crystals of β-MoTe2 by the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. Resistivity and magnetoresistivity (MR) have been measured. The MR displays H2 behavior at low field and linear field dependence at high field, which is different from the quadratic behavior in the sample obtained from the NaCl-flux method. It is suggested that the observed linear MR may originate from disorder. The quality and low-temperature property of β-MoTe2 clearly depend on the growth method. Moreover, the angular-dependent MR reveals the two-fold symmetry of Fermi surface.


One of the most important aspects of Computer General Force (CGF) is to understand what the opponent is doing and predict their possible future actions. In this paper, we propose an extended event graph named Probability Event Graph (PEG) to predict the opponent's future events. Compared with the basic event graph model, the element of event node, logical node, causal edge and time window is redefines in PEG. Through these novel elements, PEG can describe the event and causal relationship about the system comprehensively. The PEG model is the fundamental of forecast analysis. Firstly, the behaviour characteristics of opponents are analysed and the corresponding PEG model is established according to domain knowledge. Then, the parameters are acquired by training data generated by simulation. Finally, the reasoning algorithm based on PEG model is proposed, and the possibility and principal analysis are carried out.


The paper expounds fundamental content and difficulties in cutting area survey,and elaborates data input,mapping of height curve,stock volume,timber yield and relevant diagram output based on Excel software.


The article analyzes the tendencies in scientific views on metaphor in Russian language studies in the past and present with a forecast for the future. Different stages in the study of metaphor, starting from traditional rhetorical approach, going back to ancient rhetorics, to the recognition of the interdisciplinary status of metaphor as one of the universals of language and thinking, the mechanism of generating meanings in the continuum from word to text are identified and described. The author uses methods of explanatory analytical description, critical analysis, generalization, systematization and classification basing on works of leading representatives of traditional and modern Russian language studies (M.V. Lomonosov, A.A. Potebnya, A.N. Baranov, O.N. Laguta, V.A. Maslova, A.P. Chudinov, etc.). The prospects of linguometaphorology (linguistic study of metaphor) as an independent direction of modern linguistics interacting with text/discourse linguistics, cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, cultural linguistics and other relevant branches of modern linguistics are noted in the article.


Certain viruses are capable of establishing lifelong persistent infections within vertebrate hosts. Such infections can be chronic or latent, and accumulating evidence suggests that they provide ongoing antigenic stimulation to memory T cells throughout lifetime. In addition, infection with some persistent viruses were implicated in driving inflammation-driven expansions of bystander T cells. Both antigen-driven and bystander stimulation ofT cells can be expected to affect the composition and diversity of the T cell pool. These processes were suggested to drive the age-associated changes in maintenance of stable T cell pool, contributing to the process of immunosenescence. In this thesis I examined the impact of both lifelong viral infections as well as aging on the maintenance of systemic CD8+ T cells over lifetime in a mouse model of Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV -1) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Both viruses establish latent infections, however recent evidence implies that infection with MCMV is characterized by frequent viral reactivation, as inferred from ongoing expansion of MCMV -specific CD8+ T cells over the timecourse of infection, a process termed memory inflation. Less is known about the effect of HSV -1 infection on maintenance of antiviral memory CD8+ T cell. Until recently, HSV -1 infection in mice was believed to be truly latent and not associated with ongoing antigen presentation. However, evidence gathered over the last decade implies that this may not be the case and that reactivation of HSV -1 from latency in mice is more frequent than previously thought. I investigated both primary and memory CD8+ T cell response to HSV-1, with special focus on involvement of antigen in maintenance of the memory population. I


This paper addresses the question of accuracy of p-version finite element formulations for Reissner–Mindlin plate problems. Three model problems, a circular arc, a rhombic plate and a geometrically complex structure are investigated. Whereas displacements and bending moments turn out to be very accurate without any post-processing even for very coarse meshes, the quality of shear forces computed from constitutive equations is poor. It is shown that significantly improved results can be obtained, if shear forces are computed from equilibrium equations instead. A consistent computation of second derivatives of the shape functions is derived. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Paper presented at the Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference 2015, 8-11 April 2015, Sydney, Australia. Keywords motion, unfamiliar, non, processed, holistically, engaged, rigid, faces Disciplines Education | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Piepers, D. W., Burke, D. C., Favelle, S. K., Stevens, C. J. & Robbins, R. A. (2015). Unfamiliar faces engaged in non-rigid motion are processed holistically. Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference 2015 This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers/1583 spatial
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The wholl status of environment audile noise in Chongqing electric power grid was opened out by surveying the noise of power grid in this paper.The characteristics of main noise source,the changing regulations and the compliances of standard were also analyzed.Some suggestions were proposed to reduce the enviornment audile noise in the power grid,which can better the environment-protection,loosen the stress on environment-protection the enterprises face,and promote the harmonic and stability of society.


B HIS FAMOUS AXIOM, "the economic Trinity is the immanent Trinity, and vice versa," Karl Rahner means to assert that divine self-communication "can, if occurring in freedom, occur only in the intra-divine manner of the two communications of the one divine essence by the Father to the Son and the Spirit."1 In other words, the immanent constitution of the Trinity forms a kind of a priori law for the divine selfcommunication ad extra so that the structure of the latter cannot but correspond to the structure of the former. 2 Rahner advances this axiom, the Grundaxiom of his theology of the Trinity, primarily for the purpose of manifesting the relevance of the doctrine of the immanent Trinity for ordinary human life. 3 If one can demonstrate, Rahner reasons, that the Trinitarian structure of the intradivine life necessarily corresponds


In the process of service provisioning, providing required service to the user without user intervention, with reduction of the cognitive over loading is a real challenge. In this paper we propose a user centred context aware collaborative service provisioning system, which make use of context along with collaboration to provide the required service to the user dynamically. The system uses a novel approach of query expansion along with interactive and rating matrix based collaboration. Performance of the system is evaluated in Mobile-Commerce environment. The results show that the system is time efficient and perform with better precision and recall in comparison with context aware system.


Under the theme of collisions that occur repeatedly, we conducted easy and inexpensive experiments of rebounding spheres and Newton's cradle with two spheres to determine the coefficients of restitution using the sound record feature in modern laptops and a free and open source software called Audacity. In the rebounding sphere experiment, the coefficients of restitution of the golf and ping pong balls used were found to be 0.727 ± 0.025 and 0.816 ± 0.041 respectively. With the Netwon's cradle experiment, the coefficient of restitution of two steel sphere balls was found to be 0.987 ± 0.003. The contrasts in the results obtained from both experiments permit the operational principles of a pendulum to be emphasized, and engagements to be made to consider the transfer of kinetic energy in the form of vibrational energy of the bodies' constituents. Using a one-dimensional two-mass model with spring and damper linkages to account for harmonic motions that occur during impact, we found it possible to perform a simple analysis to account for this, and how it can be linked to high energy transfer modes such as the phenomenon of resonance and impedance matching.


University admission autonomy has been an important measure of multi -admission policy in higher education reform in recent years.Various problems arisen from the practice of autonomic admission call for safeguard of law as well as legal protection for students' educational rights,which probably lead to success of higher education admission reform.The regulations for university admission autonomy must adhere to the principles of justice,equality,transparency,etc.A legal system with proper binding forces is expected to be perfect,while available remedies for violation of educational rights by abuse of autonomic admission authority is ascertained.


Abstract Using videotape recordings to provide a self-encounter may yield valuable self-knowledge, difficult to obtain during ordinary student training, but important to professional development This article describes a study that examined the effectiveness of videotape self-image confrontation as a procedure to create changes in self-perceptions related to the helping process. Results indicated that a self-image confrontation produced significant amounts of perceptual change. While the initial impact was powerful, the effects of a single self-image aonfrontation tended to decrease over time. The findings suggest that effective use requires periodic and varied self-encounters throughout professional education.


In order to realize the dynamic matching, integration and run-time monitoring of web services,an ontology-based web service description meta-model was proposed, which makes up the gaps of web services description language (WSDL) in describing semantic information and function information. The meta-model provides a relatively comprehensive description for web services, which can enable web services' dynamic matching, integration and run-time monitoring. Finally, an example was given to demonstrate the proposed model.


Rab7 is a small molecular weight GTPase that is known to be associated with late endocytic compartments. Studies in which wild‐type or mutant forms of this protein have been overexpressed in mammalian cells have indicated that rab7 plays a role in controlling membrane transport between late endocytic compartments. However, both the precise site(s) of action and localization of rab7 remain unclear. In the present study, we have used density‐gradient centrifugation in combination with a new epitope‐specific flow cytometric sorting method to isolate rab7‐containing vesicles from baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Electron‐micrographs of sorted elements showed a homogeneous population of vesicles that resembles late endosomes. The polypeptide composition of rab7‐containing vesicles was then analyzed by two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis. Rab7‐containing vesicles were enriched in the cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor and especially in the precursor forms of cathepsin D. Taken together, these results show that the rab7‐containing vesicles are a component of the endocytic pathway that connects late endosomes and lysosomes and in which precursor forms of lysosomal hydrolases, segregated from their receptor, might be included.


In this paper, a quick and accurate detection method is discussed. It can identify whether the meat contain excessive moisture. By using near-infrared spectroscopy measurement, the meat moisture content model has been established. In order to improve the accuracy of the near infrared (NIR) measurement predicted model and to reduce the measurement sensitivity, we utilized the hyperspectral image information and the pH value data as the parameters of the meat moisture content model. The study concluded that the theory and method can be further extended to the detection of other related meat agricultural products.


The size of structural dimensions of the jib plays an important role in the economy and security of the crane. First of all,the parametric design was used to develop the jib. Then the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the design of the crane jib. However,in the application process,the algorithm is easy to fall into local optimal solution. In order to overcome these disadvantages,the particle swarm algorithm was"disturbanced"by introducing the simulated annealing algorithm. After judging the particle swarm optimization algorithm being trapped in local optimal solution,it could jump out and continue to search the global optimal solution. The results show that the combination of algorithms on the convergence rate of the boom structure optimization is very significant,and it is of a high application value in engineering.


1-Monocaproin, a 1-monoacylglycerol, was synthesized with the reaction of glycidol by chromium-caproic fatty acid complexes and was found to be amphiphilic in nature. Synthesized 1-monocaproin was characterized by thin-layer chromatography, and the residual chromium was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis pathways are being targeted for the development of novel drugs suitable for inhibition or stimulation of angiogenesis in various pathologies. In the chicken egg Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, 1-monocaproin exhibited VEGF-induced neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner. Synthesized 1-monocaproin was found to show the angiogenic effect at a dose concentration equivalent to VEGF at 1,000 ppm. The results thus suggest that 1-monocaproin should be considered as a useful drug candidature targeting angiogenesis in coronary artery disease, stroke, and postsurgical therapy.


For many years a group of mathematicians has been working on the vector integration. This book is concerned with the different type of vector integration. A systematic description of the development of vector integration is given here. We discuss the integration theory for vector valued functions and scalar valued measures, scalar valued functions and vector valued measures, vector valued functions and vector valued measures. In chapter I we emphasize the Bochner integral and Pettis integral. In chapter II we give some basic properties of the space of all scalarly integrable functions and weakly scalarly integrable functions when the vector measure is defined on σ-algebras. In chapter III we developed the same integration theory when the vector measure is defined on δ-rings and analysed the differences between the L_1 spaces of vector measures defined on δ-rings and defined on σ-algebras. In chapter IV we introduce the idea of tensor integration theory and investigated many properties of the space of all tensor integrable functions.


By referring to relative material,watching the videotapes,doing statistic analysis and comparing the leading men athletes' final performance in the 41st,42nd and 43rd World Championship of Gymnastics,this paper analyzes about the countries of men' s gymnastics competitive strength,and then forecasts the situasion that will arise in London Olympics Games.It shows: Chinese,Japanese groups close,the title is the biggest hit,the Chinese team game play better than the stability of the Japanese players;Japan UCHIMURA Kohei's All Around power ahead,the gold medal was its target,and the All Around silver,bronze was mainly developed between BOY Philipp,YAMAMURO Koji,PURVIS Daniel;Each single medal competition is fierce and players quite close,face a play decided to the ownership of the medal,our players in the floor exercise,the rings,the parallel bars,the horizontal bar have the gold strength,the movement is finished quality "excellence" is the most important thing in athletes training.


U Recently, Soisalon-Soininen [8] provided a necessary and sufficient condition for error entries in any deter-ministic LR(1)-based parser to be classified "don't care." This result allows a previous algorithm by Aho and Ullman [2, 3] for partially solving the single-production elimination problem to be used on LALR(1) parsers that employ default reductions. The result is important because it emphasizes the care that must be taken in constructing such optimized parsers; that is, it is easy to produce parsers that lose the ability to detect errors in certain cases (e.g., see [1, 5-7]). Soisa-lon-Soininen solves the problem by eliminating only those single productions for which both default reductions and error detection are not compromised. Although his result allows the elimination of single productions to be maximized, it is unsatisfying because the elimination is not complete. The problem lies with the LALR(1) parsers constructed by extending the Knuth LR(0) tables; essentially, they are too compact. Short of deriving an algorithm that "uncompacts" the tables through some state-splitting scheme, it is not possible to fully eliminate reductions by single productions while still retaining the ability to use default reductions. In order to take full advantage of the Soisalon-Soininen [8] result , it is essential to use variations of the Knuth LR(0) tables that are not "too compacted", for example, Ander-son's [4] LR(0) tables. With a simple grammatical transformation, the standard Knuth algorithm can be used to obtain the Anderson Tables. More important , the Soisalon-Soininen result should be used for achieving a space optimization on the Anderson tables since reductions by single productions have already been eliminated in the latter. Note that such an optimization was still an open problem prior to the Soisalon-Soininen contribution that solved it. In order to produce efficient LALR-based parsers with tables stored in list form, two speed-increasing transformations are highly desirable: (1) removal of reductions by single productions , and (2) use of default reductions. Consider grammar G1 and its corresponding LALR(1) tables 7'1 (Figure 1). If we remove the reductions by single productions using, for example, Aho and Ullman's [1] algorithm, the resulting tables T2 (Figure 2) are obtained. If we modify T1 to have default reductions , the result is T3 (Figure 3). The problem arises when both transformations are applied simultaneously on T~ to get T4 (Figure 4). Using T4, it is easy to see that illegal string i;; is accepted (no error is …


A chronically occluded coronary lesion is observed in approximately 20–30% of patients in whom the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is established by coronary angiography. By contrast, a chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) as a target of a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) constitutes less than 10% of the PCI volume in current practice. This discrepancy is explained in part by the specific technical challenges posed by a CTO with a low primary success rate, and a high lesion recurrence rate. The latter is addressed by the use of drug-eluting stents, and the former is improved considerably with recent technical advancements and specialization of operators. There are three principal indications to revascularize a CTO, which are the relief of clinical symptoms, the improvement of impaired left ventricular function, and a potential improvement in survival. Despite the absence of a randomized clinical comparison between conservative and interventional treatment of CTOs, numerous nonrandomized stu...


In IaaS clouds, VM startup times are frequently perceived as slow, negatively impacting both dynamic scaling of web applications and the startup of high-performance computing applications consisting of many VM nodes. A significant part of the startup time is due to the large transfers of VM image content from a storage node to the actual compute nodes, even when copy-on-write schemes are used. We have observed that only a tiny part of the VM image is needed for the VM to be able to start up. Based on this observation, we propose using small caches for VM images to overcome the VM startup bottlenecks. We have implemented such caches as an extension to KVM/QEMU. Our evaluation with up to 64 VMs shows that using our caches reduces the time needed for simultaneous VM startups to the one of a single VM. The contents of this chapter have been originally published in the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC '13), and have been slightly modified to improve readability.


FIELD: agricultural as a compound having fungicidal activity. SUBSTANCE: the product of the formula: wherein R 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.0 Reagent 1: the product of the formula:


In the course of the study permeability of intestinal mucosa of chickens suffering from eimeriosis while treating them with various veterinary drugs, including probiotics, was evaluated. The simulation of a typical clinical picture of eimeriosis was carried out by oral administration of suspension with coccidial oocysts (1.6 × 105/head) using a probe. To create different forms and different intensity of inflammatory processes, chickens that received various anticoccidial preparations and probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis were infected with eimeria. According to the data from an autopsy, it was found that the use of a spore probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine hydrochloride and salinomycin had a positive protective effect when treating chickens from eimeriosis. A similar picture was observed when assessing permeability of intestinal mucosa as affected by bacteriophage, whereby permeability decreased with the use of probiotics and the above-mentioned active agents. In general, the decrease in productivity was significant in all groups. However, the effect of spore-based probiotics was quite pronounced against the background of eimeria polyresistance. In the situation where anticoccidial drugs are less effective, the use of a spore-based probiotic can have a noticeable protective effect. The effect of all anticoccidial drugs under study on the concentration of oocysts and the state of the mucosa was insignificant, which indicated polyresistance of different types of eimeria isolated from biological material to these drugs. The analysis of the intestinal mucosa integrity, based on the study of mucosa permeability to bacteriophages and a Johnson and Reid scoring procedure showed that a spore probiotic based on B. subtilis and anticoccidial drugs containing robenidine and salinomycin had the best protective effect against eimeriosis caused by field isolates of eimeria. When treating chickens suffering from eimeriosis caused by polyresistant forms of E. acervulina and E. tenella, it is advisable to use probiotics alongside with drugs based on robenidine and salinomycin.


The wetland is called "the kidney of earth". Its value and function are special and diverse. The wetland area is wide,the distribution is vast,and the types are varied,but the protection status isn't very well. So the wetland protection status and the problems put the establishment of the wetland resource conservation law on the agenda. The legislation of the wetland protection is not only the inference in theory,but also the necessary requirement of the legal life and wetland protection status. So the legislation has the solid basement.


The article analyzes the legal relationship in the field of surrogacy through the prism of contract law in order to establish differences with the composition of the crime under Article 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Trafficking in Human Beings". We also found that the basis for the emergence of legal relations between the subjects of this type of assisted reproductive technologies is the agreement on surrogacy.
Analyzing the legal nature of this agreement in view of its subject, we found that the surrogacy agreement is a contract for the provision of medical services, which concerns the place of such a contract in the system of contracts - the contract for the provision of actual medical services. In addition, we have established and investigated the subject of the surrogacy agreement. Thus, the subject of this agreement is directly the actions of the surrogate mother, her voluntary consent to bear and give birth to a child for parents who are deprived of such an opportunity on medical grounds to do so independently, for monetary compensation or without. Because surrogacy is a type of assisted reproductive technology, we have found that this method is one of the medical indications for the treatment of infertility. It follows that the actions of a surrogate mother are medical services.
In our articles, we investigated the nature of the crime of "Trafficking in Human Beings" and conducted a comparative analysis of this crime with the surrogacy agreement to identify differences between them. We have also identified a key feature that distinguishes the above-mentioned concepts: the lack of a genetic link between a child born as a result of a surrogacy program and a surrogate mother. In addition, we highlight the main features that do not include the crime of "trafficking in human beings" by participants in the surrogacy program.
In this article, we have analyzed the case law, which has made it possible to demonstrate more practically when a person's actions constitute a crime of "Trafficking in Human Beings", which is different from the legal nature of the surrogacy agreement.


In the title compound, 2C3H5N2S+·C4H4O4 2−·C4H6O4, the thiazolium ring is almost planar, with the maximum deviation from planarity being 0.0056 (8) Å for the C atom carrying the amine substituent. The N atom of the 2-aminothiazole molecule is protonated. Both the anion and the acid lie across inversion centres. The crystal packing is consolidated by intermolecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Molecules are stacked down the b axis.


Abstract In recent years there has been a tendency to make finite appointments of five to ten years for department chiefs. This is a direct consequence of the significant growth in volume and complexity of the technology and application of radiological diagnosis, treatment, and research. It is believed that this "trend of the future" offers a sound step toward improving the practice of radiology and the functioning of the department together with its contribution to the institution.


A consecutive and comparative reading of the biographies of F. Scott Fitzgerald not only provides a cumulative portrait of the biographical figure but also suggests that such a reading reveals something about our own collective psychological and critical response to that figure. In works by Mizener, Graham, Turnbull, Latham, Buttita, Milford, and Mayfield, Fitzgerald emerges as an accessible and appealing figure who, inspite of his willing participation in the role of literary celebrity, remained remarkably representative of a common experience that is familar to most of us.


Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) (not otherwise specified) is abnormal genital tract bleeding based in the uterus and found in the absence of clinically detectable, structural or organic pathology or iatrogenic cause. It is the most common menstrual disorder in women of reproductive age and is a diagnosis of exclusion. It usually occurs due to hormonal disturbances: reduced levels of progesterone hormone cause low levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha and that leads to menorrhagia (abnormally heavy flow), increased levels of fibrinolytic enzymes plasminogen activator (TPA) and more fibrinolysis.


The unsteady laminar incompressible boundary-layer flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluids over two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies has been studied when the free stream velocity and mass transfer vary with time and streamwise distance. The partial differential equations with three independent variables governing the flow have been solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme. The results indicate that the time-dependent free stream velocity, power-law fluids and mass transfer exert a strong influence on the skin friction and heat transfer. On the the other hand, Prandtl number and dissipation parameter affect only the heat transfer.


The RAG proteins are comprised of core endonuclease domains and noncore regions that modulate endonuclease activity. Mutation or deletion of noncore RAG regions in humans causes immunodeficiency and altered TCR repertoire, and mice expressing core but not full-length Rag1 (Rag1 C/C ) or Rag2 (Rag2 C/C ) exhibit lymphopenia, reflecting impaired V(D)J recombination and lymphocyte development. Rag1 C/C mice display reduced D-to-J and V-to-DJ rearrangements of TCR b and IgH loci, whereas Rag2 C/C mice show decreased V-to-DJ rearrangements and altered V b /V H repertoire. Because V b s/V H s only recombine to DJ complexes, the Rag1 C/C phenotype could reflect roles for noncore RAG1 regions in promoting recombination during only the D-to-J step or during both steps. In this study, we demonstrate that a preassembled TCR b gene, but not a preassembled D b J b complex or the prosurvival BCL2 protein, completely rescues ab T cell development in Rag1 C/C mice. We find that Rag1 C/C mice exhibit altered V b utilization in V b -to-DJ b rearrangements, increased usage of 3 9 J a gene segments in V a -to-J a rearrangements, and abnormal changes in V b repertoire during ab TCR selection. Inefficient V b /V H recombination signal sequences (RSSs) have been hypothesized to cause impaired V-to-DJ recombination on the background of a defective recombinase as in core-Rag mice. We show that replacement of the V b 14 RSS with a more efficient RSS increases V b 14 recombination and rescues ab T cell development in Rag1 C/C mice. Our data indicate impaired signaling in response to RAG DSBs induced in Rag1 C/C DN3 thymocytes. To determine how noncore RAG1 regions promote TCR b gene assembly and ab T cell development, we have created and analyzed Rag1 C/C mice containing a preassembled D b J b complex or preassembled functional TCR b gene, expressing the prosurvival E m BCL2 transgene, or with the 3 9 D b 1 RSS in place of the V b 14 RSS. We demonstrate that this TCR b gene, but not the D b J b complex or BCL2, completely rescues DN3-to-DP thymocyte development in Rag1 C/C mice, indicating that the predominant function of noncore RAG1 regions in differentiating ab T cells is to promote V b recombination. We show that Rag1 C/C mice exhibit altered V b utilization in V b -to-DJ b rearrangements and that recombination expansion of this abnormal V b repertoire. We detect increased usage of 3 9 J a segments in V a -to-J a rearrangements and abnormal selection of the V b repertoire in Rag1 C/C mice, revealing that noncore RAG1 regions also function during TCR a recombination in DP thymocytes. Finally, we show that the 3 9 D b 1 RSS increases V b 14 recombination and partially rescues ab T cell development in Rag1 C/C mice. Collectively, our data indicate that noncore RAG1 regions establish a diverse ab TCR repertoire by overcoming V b RSS inefficiency to promote V b recombination and ab T cell development and by modulating TCR b and TCR a gene segment utilization.


The dynamics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was studied by employing broadband dielectric spectroscopy over a wide temperature range extending from below to above the glass-transition temperature. Dielectric spectra reveal the existence of two relaxation processes: the structural relaxation, slowing down for decreasing temperature and freezing at ${T}_{g}$, and a secondary process present in both liquid and glassy phase. Above the glass transition the temperature behavior of the structural relaxation time is properly described by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation with the singularity at ${T}_{0}$=234 K. The analysis of the variation of the relaxation strength versus temperature of both processes clearly shows the onset of the structural relaxation at ${T}_{\mathrm{on}}$\ensuremath{\approx}350 K. Below this temperature the two relaxations progressively separate their time scales and change their shapes. The occurrence of the glass-transition phenomenon is markedly evidenced by the changes of the relaxation strength and of the low-frequency slope of the secondary relaxation.


The paper introduces regional geology,tectonic background and geological characteristics of Bazhimen gold deposits.Weathered residual deposits are lateritic gold deposits.Gold deposits are the fine grains with the naked eyes or even ordinary optical microscopes are not visible.Starting from occurrence law and distribution of gold deposits in southern Hubei,the authors discuss the geological characteristics,genesis and prospecting criteria of gold deposits.


Polished, unetched amalgam surfaces were studied metallographically with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). By use of different modes of SEM operation, micrographs were obtained from variations in the electric properties of the respective phases present. This technique minimizes artifact formation that may result from conventional electric or chemical etching techniques.


Assents are made on the necessity of the study of folklore prose connected with microtoponims, on the junction of ethnography, folkloristics, history, linguistics, on the importance of the development of methods of collecting toponimic names together with their folk etymology and adjacent traditions and legends. The urgency of the raised problem is illustrated on the examples of a purposeful destruction of the toponimic landscape of Ukraine in the XX century by foreign invaders.


Fujitsu has developed a contactless palm vein pattern authentication technology that uses vascular patterns as personal identification data. This technology is very secure because the authentication data exists inside thebody and is therefore difficult to steal. It is also very accurate - in a test using 140 000 palm profiles of 70000 persons, it had a false acceptance rate of less than 0.00008% and a false rejection rate of 0.01%. Suruga Bank, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, The Hiroshima Bank, and The Bank of IKEDA started customer confirmation using palm vein pattern authentication in July 2004, October 2004, April 2005, and June 2005, respectively. Additionally, in response to the "Act for the Protection of Personal Information," which came into effect in April 2005, an increasing number of financial institutions, including The Nanto Bank, have adopted this technology. Fujitsu also began sales of products for door security, login authentication, and other applications. We will achieve business growth with these solutions by downsizing the palm vein sensor and reducing the authentication time. This paper describes this technology and its expected business expansion.


Recent studies on the generation and propagatdon of cosmic radiation are critically reviewed, considering primarily the radiation whech consists of 10/sup 8/- to 10/sup 12/-eV protons and nuclei and also the very high-energy (greater than 10/sup 17/ eV) particles. The latter involve only a minute portion of the total radiation, but their study has contributed greatly to the understanding of the acceleration and propagation mechanisms. The astronomical context of the problem is identifded, followed by a listing of the measured characteristics of the primary cosmic radiation. The fundamental physical processes of acceleration and propagation of the radiation are discussed, with a review in greater detail of the most probable models of their origin, which include galactic'' models, the Colgate'' model, pulsar model, and mixed'' models. (Review article, 43 references) (TTT)


Haulage unit is an important component of shearer,it drives the machine in work time and it redeploy the work in other time.Haulage speed has a great effect upon the efficiency and the quality and quantity of working body,productivity and working capacity depend on haulage speed.Speed control and direction control of electrical shearer are decided by haulage motor's control.So it is important to study the speed regulation principles and the haulage properties of electrical shearer.


Effective hsemostasisrequires the presenceof adequate numbersof platelets,in addition to the plasmacoagulation factors. Platelets are very poorly preserved in blood collected in the usual manner, since they disintegrate rapidly on glass surfaces. Furthermore,citrate is not a good medium for the preservationof platelets. In blood collected in the routine way platelets survive in fairly large numbersfor somehours. However, their viability is greatly impaired, and it is well known that transfusion of blood and of packed red cells does not causeany rise in the platelet count in thrombocytopenic recipients. Attemptshavebeenmadein the last two yearsto transfuse viable platelets in these conditions. Polycythsemlo or normal plasma collected in silicone-lined apparatusand plasma obtained by the use of "Sequestrene"as an anticoagulanthave servedas the sourceof platelets.


The objectives of this paper are (1) to explain, in an internally consistent manner, the major institutions and customary features of production relations in three agroclimatic subzones of the land-abundant tropics that have simple technology and high transport costs and (2) to provide predictions of how these institutions and features will change in response to increases in population densities and the opening of substance-oriented systems via external migration and interregional or international trade. Production relations are the relations of people to products and factors of production in terms of their rights of ownership and use and the corresponding relationships of people among each other as buyers and sellers, as factor owners and renters, as landlords, tenants, workers, employers, creditors, and debtors. The peculiar institutional and customary features of land-abundant areas that we want to explain in an internally consistent manner include the absence of regular output and labor markets; the nonexistence of a landless labor class; the minimal nature of credit markets and the absence of professional money lenders; the importance of livestock wealth as an insurance substitute in semiarid zones; the existence of livestock tenancy but the absence of tenancy in land; the existence and the insurance function performed by extended families; and the cultivation by extended families of plots in common in some regions but not in others. We also want to be able to predict the changes in these institutions and features that arise when population density grows and/ or when the economy is exposed to external markets.