1 Intracellular recordings of membrane potential and current were made from neurones in the lateral parabrachial nucleus in slices of rat brain in vitro. 2 The membrane was hyperpolarized by the opioid peptides Tyr‐d‐Ala‐Gly‐MePhe‐Gly‐ol (DAGOL, 0.01–1μm) and [Met5]enkephalin (3–30μm), though not by Tyr‐d‐Pen‐Gly‐Phe‐d‐Pen and U50488. In two experiments, naloxone competitively antagonized the effects of DAGOL and [Met]enkephalin with equilibrium dissociation constants of 0.8 and 3.2 nM, respectively. 3 Baclofen (0.3–30 μm) also hyperpolarized the neurones; this action was unaffected by naloxone. 4 DAGOL, [Met5]enkephalin and baclofen caused outward currents at the resting potential. These currents reversed polarity at a membrane potential which changed with the logarithm of the extracellular potassium concentration. 5 Muscarine has been shown previously to increase the potassium conductance by an action at M2‐receptors: the potassium currents induced by maximal concentrations of muscarine, baclofen and [Met5]enkephalin were non‐additive, indicating that these agonists opened the same population of potassium channels. 6 Noradrenaline, UK14304, carboxamidotryptamine, dopamine, adenosine and somatostatin had little or no effect on membrane potential. 7 It is concluded that rat lateral parabrachial neurones express μ‐opioid, γ‐aminobutyric acidB (GABAB), and M2‐muscarinic receptors: activation of any of these receptors increases the potassium conductance of the membrane and inhibits the neurones through hyperpolarization.


Driving a car is becoming more and more complex. This does not happen because the functions that are necessary to drive are more difficult to perform: on the contrary, for example, electric and hybrid vehicles do not have any manual transmission gear. However, complexity lies in the fact that cars shall provide information on their current status, projections on their future state, optional information related to infotainment, to points of interest for the driver or the passengers, to the mobility system, to the connection with other subjects and objects outside the car etc. In such a variegated scenario, it is necessary to design a new space and several types of visual and interactive languages able to show and guarantee both pieces of information that are necessary to drive a vehicle in a safe way, and the accessory ones. Space and information shall then be designed in order to be adaptable to the user. The paradigm of adaptability has often been confused with customization. In this case, it aims instead to provide an intelligent car-system able to understand both the attitudes and the needs of the driver and to provide real-time answers, as appropriate to the situation. Modern cars are characterized by the constant effort to prove their potential in terms of performance and new integrated accessories, such as the protection from external agents, impacts and noise; to this end, visual languages can conform to this trend or they can express new forms and representations of data through which they can describe an increased need for communication with the external environment, a new awareness in the use of the car or a desire to focus only on driving etc. Moreover data visualization is changing thanks to a new mode of interaction between man and commands, as signs and their directionality cannot be inconsistent with the new input mode based, for example, on the use of gestures. In addition, on one hand, the introduction of gestures and other interaction modes inside the car can be a way to find a solution to the growing presence of controls and buttons which can often distract, especially if they are operated through a touch screen; on the other hand, it could become part of the driving pleasure, something that today is more and more difficult to feel. In this way, data visualization and interaction design can cooperate to provide a new sensory experience to the user. The research lead by the HMI team of the Polytechnic of Turin in collaboration with CRF seeks precisely to give solutions to these challenges in a Human Centered Design approach


Over the last few years it has increased the interest in the human skin grafts radio sterilized for application mainly in extensive and deep burns. Because these grafts quickly grip and present antigenic lower potential, compared with other treatments used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histoarchitecture of human skin grafts irradiated with doses 25 kGy, 50 kGy and non-irradiated during the pepair tissue process in nude mice submitted by skin grafting in the dorsal region. Three groups of animals received irradiated human skin grafts (25 kGy and 50 kGy) and non-irradiated and were euthanized on the 3rd, 7th and 21th day after the surgery. Indeed, routine histologic procedures, tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for quantification of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and blood vessels and immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to determine the expression human collagen type I and collagen type I and III mouse. Therefore, quantification of both the cells and the collagen types was performed by image analysis using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Histologic results demonstrated at a dose of 25 kGy that human skin irradiation when grafted influences the increase in the number of cells in wound site over time and it provides better dispersion of these cells. In addition, on the 21st day, three groups of animals with human skin graft were embedded part of the graft in the healing process. On the other hand, the group not irradiated showed greater incorporation of the graft (43 %), but less production of collagen type III mouse (22 %). Since the groups irradiated skin graft showed lower graft incorporation (6 and 15%), but with greater production of collagen type III mice (35 % and 28 % to 25 kGy and 50 kGy, respectively). In conclusion, this study presented that the group irradiated to 25 kGy and it has a higher cell proliferation and vessel formation, and better remodeling of the healing area.


Some problems such as initialization,error and data redundance of overlay based on vector way are discussed.All of the problems can all be well solved by grid way.A new way of overlay analysis is presented,and proved reasonably by the case of analysis of the town level in Hubei province.


The host-guest interaction of a series of cyclohexyl-appended guests with cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray structure revealed that two cycloalkane moieties can be simultaneously encapsulated in the hydrophobic cavity of the Q[8] host to form a ternary complex for the first time.


The synthesis of functionalized (benz)aldehydes, via a two-step, one-pot procedure, is presented. The method employs a stable aluminum hemiaminal as a tetrahedral intermediate, protecting a latent aldehyde, making it suitable for subsequent cross-coupling with (strong nucleophilic) organometallic reagents, leading to a variety of alkyl and aryl substituted benzaldehydes. This very fast methodology also facilitates the effective synthesis of a 11C radiolabeled aldehyde. Aluminum–ate complexes enable transmetalation of alkyl fragments onto palladium and subsequent cross-coupling.


This article explores the postoperative experiences of weight loss surgery patients. More specifically, it investigates why bariatric patients seek out and form connection to similarly situated others in online and in-person support forums. Based on a thematic analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with individuals who have had bariatric surgery, it is argued that the experience of having been medically classified as obese or severely obese, a long history of failed dieting attempts, fears of future morbidity and mortality, and then undergoing bariatric surgery serve as an axis around which some individuals interact, create identity, and form community. The perceived lack of postoperative support from home bariatric clinics, inadequate provider knowledge about the particularities of bariatric bodies, and the fact that patients must "work with" their surgeries to avoid postoperative adverse events are additional drivers for the formation of such bariatric kinship. It is argued that Paul Rabinow's concept of "biosociality" provides a helpful theoretical frame for understanding these processes. However, just as the aforementioned factors push bariatric patients together, tensions around the type of bariatric procedure undergone, the amount of weight loss, and economic access to reconstructive plastic surgery cause conflict, leading to the formation of subgroups within bariatric communities. It is argued that, ultimately, bariatric biosocialities are spaces in which bariatric patients collectively work to achieve normative health and aesthetic standards. However, these spaces also reflect highly complex, sometimes divergent and conflictual, and often ambivalent frameworks of understanding and experience.


Abstract The results indicate that there is a real possibility of obtaining oil extended SKS-30M-15 rubber with satisfactory physical and processing properties from high temperature, modified latex.


We report an effective functional form for the spin-spin correlation function of the 2D Ising model as a function of temperature and field. Although the Ising model has been well studied, no analytical result for the spin-spin correlation function exists for arbitrary magnetic fields and temperatures. We show the validity of our form by comparison with simulations using the Wolff algorithm, and obtain remarkable precision by including analytic corrections to scaling. Given recent interest in comparing biomembrane heterogeneity to Ising criticality, our spin-spin correlation function may be used as a predictive quantitative measure for FRET or NMR membrane experiments.


Sport clubs has identified that they having a high average age of their boards and has difficulties inrecruiting young people. Participation and influence is one of the sport's purposes, but the co ...


This study represents a detailed inquiry into the rhetoric of Jainism, an understudied religious-philosophical tradition that arose among Hinduism and Buddhism on the Indian subcontinent. Exploring the unique use of pluralism in Jaina authors such as Mahāvīra and Haribhadra, I advance the concept of engaged rhetorical pluralism to account for the argumentative use of pluralism to promote Jaina views. This concept is linked to Jainism's theory of multiperspectivism (anekāntavāda) as an orientation toward one's rhetorical activities in contexts of disagreement. Highlighting the controversies surrounding the relationship between Jaina tolerance and intellectual nonviolence, this study uses the concept of anekāntavāda to ground a pluralism of often contradictory critical claims made by those studying rhetorical phenomena from other cultures. Thus, anekāntavāda both describes the engaged pluralism evident in important Jaina rhetors and serves as a source of methodological guidance for scholars involved in comparative rhetoric and its inevitable situations of interpretative disagreement.


Fungi are recognized as indigenous microbes in natural hypersaline habitats. Aspergillus sp, among other fungi, is predominant in those environments; however, their adaptative abilities are recently studied. This study analyzes the transcriptomic response of an obligate halophile Aspergillus loretoensis under two salinity conditions (4% and 15% NaCl). This fungus shows stress under the low NaCl concentration tested since it overexpresses genes like SOD2 (oxidative stress and oxygen toxicity), ASG (resistance to salinity), and transmembrane transport (ZRT2, OAC1, PMA1, ZRC1, SNQ2, MCH4, YO075, SIT1). Meanwhile, at 15% NaCl, the up-regulated genes at 15% NaCl were related to osmolytes transport (STL1, HXT13, ZRT1), carbohydrate transport, and metabolism (MAL11, PK1, ITR1), all suggesting their adaptive conditions. This fungus expresses interesting metabolic enzymes with potential uses in biotechnology as invertases, isomerases, maltases, and lipases. As well it showed biosynthetic pathways related to oil degradation and antibiotic production.


Reliable estimation of speed or travel time (TT) of an urban arterial is the fundamental task for better management of the traffic. Traditionally, such data are collected via loop detectors, inductive loops, video cameras, but their installation cost were not always allowed to locate every specific point. Recently, Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely used as a traffic data source due to the i) low installation cost, and ii) providing continuous data even 24-h period. The principle of BT-based traffic data is simply capturing the timestamped of the unique Media Access Control (MAC) of Bluetooth devices. Detecting the same MAC addresses from multiple different locations enabled to estimate the Origin and Destination (O-D) of the trips and travel time information. This study evaluates the distribution of TT information from different perspectives in which BT-based traffic data were obtained from five consecutive signalized intersections located in Mersin, Turkey during morning peak hours of 07:30-09:30 for the two weekdays. The results indicated that the data had considerable success in estimating travel times and urban traffic monitoring with adequate sampling rates. However, the filtering process must be carefully handled to distinguish the motorized movements from non-motorized ones.


Protein extracted from defatted oat (Avena sativa L., variety Sentinel) was acylated with acetic or succinic anhydride at levels of 0.05 and 0.20 g/g protein. Acetic anhydride was more reactive than succinic anhydride in modifying lysine groups. Total essential amino acid content was slightly lowered by acetylation but unaffected by succinylation. Gel filtration chromatography showed some dissociation of oat polypeptides by succinylation. Solubility, emulsifying properties and fat finding capacity were all markedly improved by acylation, and the effect was more pronounced with succinylation. Emulsifying capacity of meat was enhanced by blending with acylated oat protein. Water hydration capacity and foam stability were adversely affected by acylation. Results suggest that acylated oat protein may be a valuable functional ingredient in meat and other emulsion food products.


The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Big-Five personality traits, perceived self-efficacy (GSES) and dimensions of occupational burnout in accordance with Christina Maslach's three-factor burnout model (emotional burnout, depersonalization, perceived lack of own accomplishments). Data collected among 271 teachers (82% female) aged 20–68 confirmed findings from previous research that four personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) are correlated with burnout and that they are significant predictors for all dimensions of burnout. In addition, it was shown that GSES plays a moderating role as a buffer that protects people with high levels of neuroticism from a sense of lack of own accomplishments. It was also found that GSES plays a mediating role for the relationship between Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism and perceived lack of own accomplishments and that it is a suppressor for the relationship of neuroticism with emotional exhaustion. The results are discussed in the context of personality theories and their possible applications.


Directing against the influence of susceptible area noise value around airport,based on the measured data obtained from a lot of check-and-accept monitoring aircraft noise of around airport,it analyzed the influence of susceptible area around airport.These findings may provide the reference about management and government of aircraft noise around airport.


Background:
 QT prolongation can predispose to torsade de pointes, which occurs at higher rates in people living with HIV (PLWH). Increased prevalence of prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) has been reported in PLWH, suggesting that it may play a role in the increased risk for sudden cardiac death in this patient population. However, gaps in research due to limited participation of gender, racial and ethnic minorities continue to limit the interpretation of these findings. Our study assessed the hypothesis that Black and Latinx cis and transgender women living with HIV (WLWH) would have greater odds of having prolonged QTc.

 Methods:
 A cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing electronic medical records to investigate the duration of the QTc interval between 2 groups, 137 WLWH versus 135 women who are not living with HIV. Associations between long QTc interval and ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, medications (methadone, antibiotics, antiretroviral therapy, and psychiatric drugs), CD4 count, hepatitis C, and heart failure were also assessed. QTc >460 milliseconds was considered prolonged.

 Results:
 In the univariate logistic regression, living with HIV had significantly higher odds of having prolonged QTc than the control group (odds ratio [OR] 1.842, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.062-3.195, p=0.0298). After adjusting for the covariates selected a priori, living with HIV was associated with even higher odds of having prolonged QTc (OR 2.128, 95% CI 1.115-4.061, p=0.023). Having heart failure was also independently associated with higher odds of having prolonged QTc (OR 3.883, 95% CI 1.672-9.018, p=0.0016) even after adjusting for other covariates (OR 2.973, 95% CI 1.605-9.836, p=0.0029). Ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, medications, CD4 count, and hepatitis C were not significantly associated with higher odds of having prolonged QTc.

 Conclusions:
 This study showed that in cis and transgender women of color, living with HIV and heart failure were both associated with higher odds of having prolonged QTc. In this patient population, implementing routine EKG screening should be considered by clinicians as a strategy, among others, to prevent cardiac rhythm disturbances and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.


One should have thought that economic conditions, especially inflation and unemployment, would have a decisive bearing on how the American people evaluate a president's performance. Professor Yantek argues that this is not necessarily the case. Other developments, such as crises in the area of foreign policy, and the president's effectiveness in handling them, may be more influential in shaping public support for him.


. Abstract The continuous increase in US plastic production directly shifts plastic waste toward incineration and landfilling. As a result, research efforts have been made to improve the plastic recycling infrastructure to achieve a circular economy. However, chemical additives within plastics can be released throughout all stages of a plastic life cycle, potentially restricting plastics recycling and reuse at their end-of-life (EoL) stage. Therefore, this work examines the EoL treatment of plastics by tracking and estimating potential releases of chemical additives and emissions during mechanical recycling, incineration, and landfilling activities. The 2018 US municipal solid waste data was used as the basis for all calculations. Additionally, a case study analysis was performed to determine the effect of altering the recycling efficiency on chemical releases, environmental impact, and energy footprint. A python-based graphic user interface (GUI) was created to model the chemical additive releases, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy footprint. This tool can streamline the risk estimation process, allowing decision-makers to adjust parameters and run sensitivity analyses of the existing EoL management processes. The transformation of the US plastic linear economy to circular can thus be supported with the aid of the potential hazards and risks identified with this work.


narrated here, it has obviously becn heavily influenced by later accretions, probably dating from the 18th and 19th centuries. Bodh is Bliootn and does not mean "fled"; whethei or not it is derived from PO or PO itself is a transliteration of Bliootn, later modified in pronunciation. Sharma's account of the history of Kumaon starts only from the 15th century. Much more is available for the earlier pcriod even in the old Gazcttecrs, let alone the new series. Kirntn is a generic term and Sokpn means "Mongol." The portion dealing with folk industries does not covcr wooden bowls and plates. Thc Chapter on folk arts is well written and all of us should be gratcful for the transcription of the songs (sonicthing which the Ministry of Culture and AIR are yet to get round to). Of the rcst, the Badri Nath yatra should be made compulsory reading for the Tourist Department, while thc report on the Sikh shrines is a revelation to many of us. Sharma does not dcal with the Kumaon-Tibet boundary for, onc suspects, obvious reasons. The bibliography is a "select bibliography" and contains notable ommissions. Thc absence of Richardson and inclusion of Shen-Liu is curious. Francke has to be there for any student of Himachal Pradesh-Uttra Khand. There is only a nominal index, which in a book of this type should not matter. All in all, an excellent addition to post-independence literature on the ,Himalayas and worth acquiring by all libraries and lovers of the region.


The peristaltic mechanism of a non‐Newtonian Ree‐Eyring liquid in the presence of variable liquid properties and heat transfer is an integral component of technology and healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate and analyze this mechanism, taking into account the influence of wall properties and variable liquid properties. The long wavelength and Low Reynolds approximations are used in the model designed for this purpose. A regular perturbation technique solves the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations with the proper non‐dimensional parameters. The magnetic field's influence is crucial in determining the fluid flow behavior, whereas the variable liquid properties significantly affect the temperature profiles. This research contributes to an improved understanding of peristalsis in the context of Ree‐Eyring liquids and has potential implications for several technical and medical applications.


We appreciate the experiments and in silico studies of Kumar and Santhiya calling attention to the importance of addressing the risk of nonspecific amplification of the CRYBB2 pseudogene, CRYBB2-P1. 1 Likewise, we acknowledge their notice on errors in the list of primer pairs published as Supplementary Table S1 in our report on mutations in Danish families with congenital cataract. 2 We repeated the amplification of exon 5 of CRYBB2 in one individual from family CC00133 with the claimed mutations due to gene conversion, in one affected individual from each of four additional families with congenital cataract, and in one healthy individual. Amplifications were performed with the primer pair used originally for the analyses of the family, as well as the two primer pairs discussed in the letter by Kumar and Santhiya, 1 Weisschuh et al., 3 and Santhiya et al. 4 The original PCR primer pair designed for amplification of CRYBB2 exon5 was designed so that the forward primer (ex5fGTGTGCAAGTGTGGTGTGC) could not anneal to the pseudogene, CRYBB2-P1, whereas the reverse primer (ex5rGAAGCCAGAGGTCAGCAGAG) was unable to discriminate between the two genes. Only family CC00133 of the 12 CCfamilies investigated at that time showed the three DNA variations in cis. We were, however, unable to reproduce the results from the original study and our results were now in complete accordance with the results of Kumar and Santhiya. Unfortunately we have no explanation for the erroneous results obtained in the original study. 2 In conclusion, the three variations claimed to be located in cis in exon 5 of CRYBB2 in


PURPOSE: To make it possible to operate a mechanism which releases a guide tube from the fixed condition easily by a single hand and to prevent the guide tube from moving in longitudinal direction after the guide tube is fixed in an appropriate position. CONSTITUTION: This operation drill guide 10 has a handle 12 and a cylinder type guide tube 16 which is possible to slide in the longitudinal direction in a cylinder type bore 30. The cylinder type guide tube has an outer surface of a taper shape, and the outer surface composes a collet 32 which slits vertically. The collet positions between the cylinder type guide tube 16 and the inner surface of the bore 30. The inner surface of the bore 30 is made into taper shape which supplements the taper shape of the collet. A trigger mechanism 40 is fixed connected with the collect 32 and the handle 12.


The beneficial effects of seaweed extracts have been related to plant growth regulators present in seaweeds. However, algae extracts comprise other organic compounds such as phenols, mannitol, alginates, laminarins and fucoidans that may have a relevant role regarding abiotic stress tolerance due to Fe deficiency. Therefore, we evaluated the individual effect of these organic compounds on the mitigation of Fe deficiency applying a range of concentrations (x1/10, x1, x10) in agar Petri dishes (in tomato seeds) and in the nutrient solution of a hydroponic system (tomato plants). Germination and plant growth promotion, root morphology, chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity were determined. Results showed that the lowest concentration x1/10 and phenolics, laminarin and fucose compounds contributed to increase the tolerance to Fe deficiency in tomato plants.


The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. (1) . The thyroid gland is an endocrine structure that synthesizes and releases triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxin (T 4 ) (2) .These hormones are the only iodine-containing amine hormones in the human (2) and are needful, for optimal growth, development, and function of tissues (3) . They have vital effect on oxygen consumption and metabolic rates of all cells including hepatocytes thus alter hepatic function (4) . The liver in turn metabolizes thyroid hormones through conjugation, excretion, peripheral deiodination, and in the synthesis of thyroid-binding globulin, and thus controls their endocrine impact (5) . International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 4 (2015) pp. 1051-1060 http://www.ijcmas.com


"Aviation: Combining network synergies and competition — the Commission's approval of the LH-AuA Alliance"* 1. Introduction The liberalisation of the European air transport market during the…


In this study, 40-mm-caliper (1.5-in.) balledand- burlapped (B&B) and bare-root (BR) hackberry (Cdtis occidentalis), American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), and swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) were paired and planted on sites throughout the city of Ithaca, New York. Half of the trees were planted in fall, half in spring. BR trees received a hydrogel root dip at the nursery to prevent post-harvest root desiccation. Survival rates were excellent for all treatment combinations except spring-planted BR hophornbeam, which experienced 50% mortality. Growth measurements were taken in August of the first and second growing seasons. First-year results showed many significant differences between treatments. By the end of the second growing season, however, very few significant differences in growth responses between treatments persisted. During the first growing season, fallplanted BR hackberry grew better than fall-planted B&B hackberry. Growth on spring-planted hackberry was better on B&B trees. Fall-planted hop-hornbeam responded equally well B&B and BR, but spring-planted hophornbeam grew better B&B. Swamp white oak grew somewhat better B&B than BR, regardless of season. Both B&B and BR swamp white oak planted in fall grew somewhat better than their spring-planted counterparts. A separate study on swamp white oak looked at the impact of withholding irrigation on spring-planted, paired B&B and BR trees. B&B and BR swamp white oak trees performed equally well after two growing seasons characterized by drought.


Abstract In this study, the sources and strengths of statistical short-term climate predictability for local surface climate (temperature and precipitation) and 700-mb geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere are explored at all times of the year at lead times of up to one year. Canonical correlation analysis is the linear statistical methodology employed. Predictor and predictand averaging periods of 1 and 3 months are used, with four consecutive predictor periods, followed by a lead time and then a single predictand period. Predictor fields are quasi-global sea surface temperature (SST), Northern Hemisphere 700-mb height, and prior values of the predictand field itself. Cross-validation is used to obtain, to first order, uninflated skill estimates. Results reveal mainly modest statistical predictive skill except for certain fields, locations, and times of the year when predictability is far above chance expectation and good enough to be beneficial to appropriate users. The time of year when skills...


Background:
Increasingly, psychiatric and socio-medical therapeutic institutions have to deal with the discussion and measurement of their outcomes. Given this fact, the project, which is structured in three parts, aims to produce a synthesis of published knowledge and its analysis in order to gain new knowledge for concrete evaluations of therapeutic institutions. Several highly heterogeneous approaches exist in the organisation of the services: easily accessible out-patient therapies, day-care, as well as in-patient services. There is relatively little comparative evidence of clinical effectiveness of the different approaches, treatment results and costs. Aims and research objectives:
To give an overview of the different treatment models, to analyse some models of integrated care, to reach conclusions about the evaluation of cost-effectiveness analysis of in- and out-patient therapies for people suffering from alcohol addiction, to transfer the main features of a model of integrated care services to the region of Salzburg and to carry out an economic evaluation of the existing and a potential integrated care model. Method:
Part I: Systematic review, literature- and data analysis; Part II: Additional search of published and grey literature; hand search and internet research for chosen models of good practice; direct contact and expert interviews; systematic organisation analysis of the three examples of integrated care according to their procedural design, gateway communication structures; analysis of grey literature and cost data available; formulation of quality indicators which could be benchmarks for other models of service of integrated care in alcohol addiction treatment;


Reliable calculations in Lattice QCD must confront excited-state contamination and statistical precision, where attempts to reduce excited-state effects are often handled with various "smearing" algorithms. Distillation, a particularly powerful form of smearing, has seen extensive use in spectroscopy calculations, yet, until now, has not seen use in calculations of hadronic structure. We find that distillation, and an extended basis of distilled interpolators facilitated by the variational method, applied to calculations of the scalar, axial and tensor isovector charges of the nucleon, lead to a dramatic reduction in statistical uncertainty and excited-state contamination when compared to conventional methods, thereby making a strong case for distillation in future, more elaborate, structure calculations.


Abstract This paper examines the risk and return characteristics of K-REITs and the correlation of Korean real estate investment trusts (K-REITs) to other asset classes and their diversification potential in a mixed-asset portfolio. The data were monthly total returns from January 2002 to December 2010 for South Korean REITs, bonds, shares, and property companies. The results reveal that K-REITs performed poorly over the entire period as compared to shares, bonds, and property companies. Consequently, K-REITs did not represent a substantial weight in a mixed-asset portfolio. However, K-REITs have a low correlation with shares and property companies, suggesting some level of diversification potential for share and property investors. The concept of real estate investment trusts (REITs) was introduced in South Korea in 2001, making it one of the first REIT markets in Asia. Despite an early start and a sizable economy, the total market capitalization of South Korean REITs (K-REITs) was significantly smaller than neighboring countries, such as Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore (CBRE, 2010). Consequently, there was concern from investors over the role of K-REITs as an effective investment class in the mixed-asset portfolio. Despite increasing interest from investors, there is a paucity of studies concerning K-REITs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address the significance and performance of K-REITs in a mixed-asset portfolio. The primary objectives of this research are to examine the risk and return characteristics of K-REITs and to investigate the correlation of K-REITs to other asset classes and their role in a mixed-asset portfolio over the January 2002 to December 2010 period. The performance and diversification benefits of real estate securities in an investment portfolio have been studied extensively in more developed markets such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. In Asia, previous studies on the performance of real estate securities primarily focused on listed property companies (Liow, 2001a, 2001b; Newell, Chau, and Wong, 2003; Ooi and Liow, 2004; Liow and Adair, 2009), while less attention was directed to the REIT sector. This might be attributed to the lack of public data on REIT indices in Asia. However, as data are becoming more available, a growing number of research studies have been devoted to Asian REITs in recent years. Chiang, So, and Tang (2008) studied the dynamic relationships between REIT returns and other financial assets in the U.S., Australia, Japan and Singapore over 1995-2005. The results indicated that Asian REITs could certainly provide diversification benefits to a multi-asset investment portfolio. Lee and Ting (2009) investigated the benefits of return enhancement and risk reduction of Malaysian REITs in a mixed-asset portfolio using data from 1991 to 2006. They found that an equally-weighted REIT portfolio provided better diversification benefit to a mixedasset portfolio than property shares. Similarly, Newell Chau, and Wong (2010) found Hong Kong REITs delivering strong risk-adjusted returns and stronger portfolio enhancement than property companies during 2005-2008. However, some diversification benefit was also lost during the global financial crisis. Lee and Tsai (2008) reported on Taiwanese REIT performance during 2003-2008 and suggested that a Taiwanese REIT portfolio possesses low risk and low correlation to the stock market. Their results also implied that a Taiwanese REIT portfolio outperformed the market portfolio during the study period. Newell and Osmadi (2009) studied the development and preliminary performance of Islamic REITs in Malaysia. They showed that Islamic M-REITs offered low risk, as well as portfolio diversification. This diversification benefit was higher during the global financial crisis, reflecting a degree of robustness not seen in most other global REIT markets during this period. As for South Korea, Kim and Lee (2000) pointed out the problems of the previous real estate trust institutions and supported the establishment of REITs in South Korea. …


Concurrency, as a useful feature of many modern programming languages and systems, is generally hard to reason about. Although existing work has explored the verification of concurrent programs using high-level languages and calculi, the verification of concurrent assembly code remains an open problem, largely due to the lack of abstraction at a low-level. Nevertheless, it is sometimes necessary to reason about assembly code or machine executables so as to achieve higher assurance.In this paper, we propose a logic-based "type" system for the static verification of concurrent assembly programs, applying the "invariance proof" technique for verifying general safety properties and the "assume-guarantee" paradigm for decomposition. In particular, we introduce a notion of "local guarantee" for the thread-modular verification in a non-preemptive setting.Our system is fully mechanized. Its soundness has been verified using the Coq proof assistant. A safety proof of a program is semi-automatically constructed with help of Coq, allowing the verification of even undecidable safety properties. We demonstrate the usage of our system using three examples, addressing mutual exclusion, deadlock freedom, and partial correctness respectively.


The condensation of carbone disulphide with ammonia gives via Delepine reaction, various thioamides precursors of thiosubstituted 1-thia-3-azabutadien. Corresponding amidinium salt are obtained by action of methyl iodide which revealed good bis electrophilic properties.


In 2005 The UK Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) commenced funding a project called Visualising Integrated Information on Buried Assets to Reduce Streetworks (VISTA). The project aims to precisely map buried assets (gas pipes, telecom cables, etc) and increase the efficiency of the process in challenging environments such as in urban canyons, where GPS fails to work or is not reliable enough to get a precise position. In this context the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) at the University of Nottingham purchased, at the beginning of 2007, a terrestrial network positioning system called Locata technology. This technology is developed by Locata Corporation Pty Ltd from Australia. Over the last five months researchers have carried out experiments with this new technology on the main campus of the University of Nottingham. The preliminary results show that LocataLites are a suitable technology to solve the positioning problems for the VISTA project. The overall accuracy is at the centimetre level for all points surveyed. Moreover, we underline in this paper the reliability and the flexibility of this new technology.


ABSTRACT Residential field courses are important and should be designed and delivered to maximize their value to students, staff and institutions. In this context, we use a novel approach involving analysis of the daily affective and conative reflections of students immersed in the field course experience to better understand student engagement with fieldwork. We show that students base their field course choice on a range of factors (costs and benefits) and that these choices subsequently influence student expectations and motivation to engage with fieldwork. We also show that the motivation of students to engage with fieldwork-based learning varies from person to person and from day to day. Our findings suggest that having a more nuanced understanding of the decisions students make when deciding which field course to enrol upon would enhance our ability to design attractive, accessible and useful field courses; that having an awareness of the expectations of students around field courses would enable us to better prepare them to undertake them; and that students are more motivated when they are afforded an opportunity to work independently and perceive themselves to have ownership of their learning.


In this paper the off-axis performance of an imaging array for an opto mechanical mm-wave imaging system has been studied. The analysed system consists of a spherical mirror and a plane polarizer. Both components are tilted to scan a vertical line. In order to avoid the beam degradation of the off-axis elements of the array a curved arrangement has been studied. The radius of this curvature has been analysed with a ray tracing program (OSLO) and a physical optics reflector antenna analysis software (GRASP) that can calculate the electromagnetic radiation of systems consisting of multiple reflectors. However, the performance achieved has been found to be similar to the performance of the planar array.


Chronic schistosome infection results in the suppression of host immune responses, allowing long‐term schistosome survival and restricting pathology. Current theories suggest that Treg play an important role in this regulation. However, the mechanism of Treg induction during schistosome infection is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism behind the induction of CD4+CD25+ T cells by Schistosoma japonicum HSP60 (SjHSP60)‐derived peptide SJMHE1 as well as to elucidate the cellular and molecular basis for the induction of CD4+CD25+ T cells during S. japonicum infection. Mice immunized with SJMHE1 or spleen and LN cells from naïve mice pretreated with SJMHE1 in vitro all displayed an increase in CD4+CD25+ T‐cell populations. Release of IL‐10 and TGF‐β by SJMHE1 stimulation may contribute to suppression. Adoptively transferred SJMHE1‐induced CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibited delayed‐type hypersensitivity in BALB/c mice. Additionally, SJMHE1‐treated APC were tolerogenic and induced CD4+ cells to differentiate into suppressive CD4+CD25+ Treg. Furthermore, our data support a role for TLR2 in SJMHE1‐mediated CD4+CD25+ Treg induction. These findings provide the basis for a more complete understanding of the S. japonicum–host interactions that contribute to host homeostatic mechanisms, preventing an excessive immune response.


The primitive notions in rough set theory are lower and upper approximation operators defined by a fixed binary relation and satisfy many interesting properties. Many types of generalized rough set models have been developed in the literature. This paper presents a general framework for the study of rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets in which intuitionistic fuzzy sets are approximated with respect to a crisp approximation space. A pair of lower and upper rough intuitionistic fuzzy approximation operators are first defined. Properties of rough intuitionistic fuzzy approximations are then examined. The relationships between special types of crisp binary relations and properties of rough intuitionistic fuzzy approximation operators are further established.


With the development of modern logistics industry,business process outsourcing for example transporting and so on has been the trend of enterprise for market competition nowadays.Supply chain models including the third-party logistics service provider(3PL)is more practical and theoretical significance.But the existing literatures rarely consider the effect of the 3PL provider to the supply chain for the deteriorating items with time-varying.Based on this,a three-level supply chain model including the 3PL for deteriorating items with time-varying demand model is developed.Dynamic game theory is used to solve the decentralized optimal solution.The research shows that compared with the transportation costs borne separately by the manufacturer,the transportation costs borne by the 3PL provider will make the order cycle shorter and will reduce the quantity of order in a single cycle.Optimal solutions under the decentralized and the centralized are compared,the conclusion implies that considering the total system profit, the centralized decision can't make this supply chain reach coordination.Finally,a numerical example is provided to support the findings.


Ensuring mobility and the necessary volume of transportation is one of the basic conditions for the functioning of the economy. The potential threat to existing transport systems is therefore an area that needs increased attention. The complexity of modern transportation is due to its increasing frequency, the expansion of transport routes, as well as the increase in the number of actors involved in their implementation, which places ever greater demands on their mutual coordination. It is necessary to constantly monitor the progress of transportation, to identify and assess the risks that may affect them. Insufficient attention to this issue can lead to time and material losses, in the worst case, the death of their participants, or to the high financial costs required to rebuild the disrupted system. Transport is an open system in which more and more people are working, whether transported or involved in its organization, which increases the possibility of their failure and facilitates the possibility of attack. Strict application of risk management, assessment and, if necessary, implementation of necessary measures can lead to protection of high-value assets. At present, we already commonly encounter concepts such as the intelligent transport route or the autonomous means of transport. All these circumstances, as well as the importance of transport, which we could compare to blood circulation of the state's economy, make it a possible target for various types of attacks. Cyber threats and attacks are becoming more and more relevant today. Such an attack is characterized by a relatively low level of threat to the attacker himself and a possible high level of damage if it is successful.


To further reveal the mechanism of coal gas migration, the reasons for coal temperature changes during the methane desorption process were analyzed from the aspect of molecular motion and the thermodynamic theory. The temperature change mechanism was investigated, and the mathematical equation was established to describe the variation of temperature change during the methane desorption and diffusion process. The established equation was applied for the calculation of temperature change for two types of coal samples, and the measured and theoretical values of temperature changes were obtained. The results show that the temperature changes in the coal gas desorption process are mainly caused by the heat adsorption. The heat adsorption phenomenon was also caused by free gas expansion during the pressure relief process. The gas diffusion and work done for gas seepage also need heat adsorption. The temperature change is positively correlated to the coal gas pressure, quantity, and limit value of gas desorption volume. Due to the poor insulation in the test system, the difference between the theoretical and the measured temperature change values increase with the adsorption equilibrium pressure. It is helpful to further reveal the mechanism of coal and gas outburst. It also has an important reference value for controlling gas dynamic disasters in coal mines.


In this paper an approach was proposed for optimization of speed profiles in energy saving of urban train under the premise of ensuring safety and punctuality.It deals with the problem by a multi-objective Differential Evolution(DE)algorithm based on coast control.In the established multi-objective train control model,one interval was divided into several sub-intervals according to the slope of the line,and the interval sequential list of operation mode was represented as a chromosome.After modifying the chromosome under the constraints of train protection curve to increase the proportion of possible solution,the fast and efficient access to optimal control plan could be ensured.A software of traction calculation simulation of urban train has been completed based on Visual Studio and from the case analysis of Xi'an Metro Line 2,and the feasibility and performance of the designed model and algorithm were tested and verified.


Rainfall simulation is a commonly used approach for studying runoff and erosion from forest roads, and a method is needed to estimate infiltration parameters from these experiments. We used two algorithms, the Simplex and Shuffled Complex Evolution, to estimate parameters for a physically based infiltration and overland flow model. Each algorithm was tested by estimating parameters for 92 field-measured hydrographs from forest roads. Nine of the field-measured hydrographs allowed us to further test whether estimated parameters could be extended to other antecedent conditions and plot sizes. The results demonstrate (1) the physically based model is able to estimate hydrographs from forest roads, (2) the two algorithms find unique parameter sets in spite of an error surface that suggests identifiability problems between the hydraulic conductivity and pressure parameters, (3) the two algorithms converged to the same parameter values, and (4) that parameters estimated for one antecedent condition and plot size can be extended to others with reasonably small error.


Are small or large outgroup populations more closely related to an ingroup's prejudice? This paper addresses this question with national probability survey data from Germany focused on resident foreigners. Two interlocking processes underlie the complex relationship between population proportions and prejudice. Typically, larger outgroup population proportions simultaneously increase both threat and intergroup contact. The first process increases prejudice, the second decreases it. Using structural equation modelling, our analysis reveals that these two processes can be effectively combined into one complex model. Threat is perceptual; it involves what people think is the outgroup proportion and thus can be easily manipulated by political leaders and the mass media. Contact is experiential; it can reduce individual and collective threat as well as prejudice. The intricate relationship between threat and contact can be substantially altered by numerous moderators. Hence, rigid group segregation can limit contact, while unemployment can amplify threat. The paper provides evidence that reductions in prejudice have important consequences for intergroup relations.


This paper proposes a finite-time trajectory tracking control (TTC) for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) by a fast non-singular terminal sliding-mode strategy. A second-order nonlinear model is established to transform the UAV outer loop dynamics. To estimate the external disturbance, an extended state observer with finite-time observation capability is utilized. Furthermore, the trajectory tracking errors are constrained within a bounded region by prescribed performance control. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the finite-time TTC scheme.


To investigate the protein expressions of TGF#beta#_(1) , TGF#beta#RI and NF-#kappa#B in breast cancer and their relations to the clinicopathological features. The protein expression of TGF#beta#_(1), TGF#beta#RI and NF#kappa#B examinated in tissue chips from 40 cases of breast carcinoma using S-P immunohistochemical method. All the cases expressed the protein of TGF#beta#_(1), TGF#beta#RI and NF-#kappa#B, with an overexpression rates of 80%, 65% and 80%, respectively. The expression level of TGF#beta#_(1) was positively correlated to TNM staging, histological grading and axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0. 01, P<0. 01 and P<0. 05, respectively). The expression level of NF-#kappa#B was positively correlated to histo-logical grading and TNM staging (P<0.05). But the expression level of TGF#beta#RI showed no correlation to histological grading, TNM staging or axillary lymph node metastasis. The overexpression of TGF#beta#_(1) and NF-#kappa#B might be closely correlated to the malignancy degree and prognosis of breast cancer. The levels of NF-#kappa#B might be regulated by TGF#beta#_(1).


Correspondence Georg Meichsner, Hochschule Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Summary The objective of this study was to apply Hotelling's T-statistics to color measurement data of colored coatings. It is described, how outliers can be detected by comparing T with an appropriate statistical distribution function. As an example, the precision in the reproduction of colored coatings produced in laboratory and prepared by a robot for high-throughput experimentation was investigated on a turquoise coating. After elimination of outliers the precision of reproduction of the coatings color was determined by the sample color differences to the average color coordinates in CIELAB and DIN99 color spaces as well as with CIEDE2000 color differences. As expected, laboratory experimentation (reproducibility conditions) showed a lower precision of color reproduction as samples prepared with the high-throughput experimentation device (repeatability conditions).


The technology of precolumn derivatization, along with liquid chromatography gradient elution method, was used in determining contents of amino acids in shellfish products.A high-efficiency AccQ·Tag(Waters) column,acetate-phosphate buffer, acetonitrile,and twice distilled water were prepared in gradient elution. AQC(6-aminoquinoly-N-hydroxysuccinimidy carbamate),a derivation reagent,was used for sample derivatization. Conditions of the test were 37℃ column temperature,248nm wavelength and 1.0ml/min flow rate.The results showed that concentration of amino acids and peak areas assumed a nice linear relation (r was higher than 0.998) with 10~80μmol/L of linear range.RSD were 2.1%~4.8%. The limit of detection was 0.23μmol/L.The recovery of amino acids was in the range of 91.3%~113.2%.


In an early issue of this journal Lester Thurow (1980) noted that workers typically find some occupations more pleasant than others and claimed that occupational disparities in "psychic income" constitute externalities that distort the allocation of resources and, in particular, might reverse the conventional benefits of free trade. However, Thurow's claim was denied by Katz and Syrquin (1982), who pointed out, correctly in our opinion, that any externalities associated with psychic income are market-mediated and therefore completely compatible with efficient allocation. Recently Paul Tompkinson (1999) has reopened the earlier debate. After noting that Thurow and Katz and Syrquin had confined their attention to the case in which workers share the same preferences both over produced commodities and over occupations, he argued that if workers prefer some occupations to others and differ from one another in those preferences, then Thurow's conclusions are valid. However, the point made by Katz and Syrquin remains valid whether or not workers differ in their preferences over occupations. Occupational preferences are no more disruptive of the allocation of resources than are preferences over possible places in which to eat an apple. In fact, Tompkinson's model economy excludes all known sources of market failure (nonpecuniary externalities, public goods, increasing returns to scale, closed entry, asymmetries of information, and commodity taxes).l It is therefore a special case of the Arrow-Debreu model. How then may Tompkinson's conclusion be reconciled with the traditional gains-from-trade proposition, which has been argued under strictly Arrow-Debreu assumptions?2


background: Technological progress is now inexorable in medical education; however, this process shows different characteristics and needs to be planned. The quality of education passes through the use of interactive strategies that stimulate significant learning. Objectives: To identify technological resources used by teachers and students of Unique Plan of Medical Specializations for educational purposes and their participation in distance education, and to know how often they use the Virtual Library of the Medicine School, UNAM. material and methods: A cross-sectional study stratified by age, sex, institution and specialty based on two online surveys: one to 652 teachers and the other to 2,865 residents. Both included questions about the use of technology resources for medical education and are presented in a comparative manner. Results: 94% of teachers and 99% of residents responded that they use information and communication technologies in the educational process. A 39.5% of students and 30.8% of teachers had participated in some form of distance education; 58.8% of residents and 44% of teachers reported using the virtual library of the UNAM; however, 64% of students and 55.5% of teachers did not navigate even one hour a week in this digital platform. Finally, teachers and students used e-mail as an educational tool alike, not the chat, blogs, social networks, institutional intranet. Technology generation gap is expressed in this area. Conclusions: Digital educational resources today are more and better, the challenge is how to disseminate and incorporate evenly and democratically this process to ensure the quality of instruction, regardless of the venue, the institution to which they belong, age, sex or specialty.


There is common consent about the necessity to combine subjective and objective data for a sufficient understanding of human perception. However, qualitative material based on interviews was neglected in the discourse of human sensation and one searches in vain so far for a wide discussion about methodology and technique of analysis. This study examines the usefulness of a qualitative approach and the respective analysis in the field of soundscape evaluation. As a basis for the study extensive interviews were conducted, where housing situations, contentment with the environment, and living biographies were taken from the interviewees without emphasizing acoustical impact. The probands are residents of the same street, a street (Schlossstraße) in the urban center of Berlin with a distinct architectual atmosphere because of the peculiar combination of rural and urban aspects. It was expected to descry connections between the soundscape evaluation and the environmental make-up. The Grounded Theory allows to analyze the qualitative data systematically and traceably. The assumption was that the subjective evaluation by the individual of the soundscape and the living setting supplies decisive cues for the research of sound perception and noise assessment and enables the scientist to explore "common perceptive pattern" for the elaborately working analyst.


The condition of peasants' increasing income and acquiring wealth was studied in Hangzhou by field investigation and interviews.We summarized Hangzhou's new mode of peasants' increasing income and acquiring wealth here.Some problems and difficulties in the development were discovered.This paper put forward some countermeasures for peasants' increasing income and acquiring wealth.


Multicast communications mean providing transmission of common messages from one source to all destinations. The multicast end-to-end delay problem explores an upper bound on the end-to-end delay from a source to each destination. It implies messages must be sent to their destinations within a strict time limit lest they be declared invalid. On the other hand, the multicast delay variation problem studies how to avoid the situation where a message fails to arrive at each destination at the same time. This paper addresses the problem of minimizing multicast delay variation under multicast end-to-end delay constraint. This problem has been proven to be NP-complete. Many heuristic algorithms have been designed for it. However, these heuristic algorithms can only generate suboptimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to yield optimal solutions for this difficult problem. Computer simulations testif that compared with a known high-performance heuristic algorithm, our MILP formulation can yield solutions with smaller multicast delay variations under different multicast end-to-end delay constraints.


We present the distributions of the local Lyapunov characteristic numbers (LLCNs) of Pluto's orbit and of some fictitious neighbouring orbits in the outer solar system, where the Sun (whose mass was increased by the masses of the inner planets) and the giant planets (Jupiter to Neptune) represent the perturbing bodies. According to a former study - where the extension of a "stable region" near Pluto's orbit has been determined - we compared the distributions of the LLCNs of orbits inside this region with those outside. Furthermore, the study of the LLCNs of each orbit was carried out for different time intervals. Fonner studies of the outer solar system indicated a regular motion for the giant planets and a chaotic behaviour for Pluto's orbit - since its largest Lyapunov exponent (LCE) was found to be positive (cf. Sussman & Wisdom, 1988 and 1992).


Investigation of the gross anatomy, histology and histochemistry of the alimentary canal of Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann) shows it to conform to the basic reptilian plan. The gastric glands contain only one type of cell while the duodenum lacks Brunner's glands. The structure of the gut reflects the gecko's dietary habit.


In this paper, we present an efficient tree structure and its associated algorithm for discovery of frequent patterns from a large data set. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm and performance improvement over the existing approach CATS which is one of the fastest frequent pattern mining algorithms known to date.


The direct electrolytic reduction of solid SiO 2 and an Ag + /Ag reference electrode in molten CaCl 2 were investigated at 1123 K. An Ag + /Ag electrode separated by a mullite tube was confirmed to be a stable reference electrode. The electrochemical window of this melt was 3.27 V at 1123 K. The formation potential of Si-Ca alloys was measured. Combining these experimental data and the reported thermochemical data, a diagram was constructed which shows the equilibrium potentials for the silicon species in molten CaCl 2 containing O 2- ions at 1123 K, where the electrode potential vs Ca 2+ /Ca was plotted against the negative logarithm of the activity of oxide ions in the melt (pO 2- ). The potential-pO 2- diagram explained the behavior of an SiO 2 -contacting electrode during the direct electrolytic reduction to silicon and suggested a formation of an intermediate of solid CaSiO 3 , which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.


The catalytic hydrosilylation of alkynes and ketones has been explored utilizing palladium- and nickel(allyl) complexes supported by 3-iminophosphine ligands. Palladium and nickel demonstrated distinctly different reactivity profiles, with palladium proving very effective for the hydrosilylation of electron-deficient alkynes, while nickel excelled with ketones and internal alkynes. Additionally, in many cases, regioselective hydrosilylation was observed.


This text briefly reviews and critically discusses three domains of importance and relevance to the psychological health of female athletes competing at the elite level: the psychological issues re ...


After the Cold War,the competitions among big powers have shifted from the abnormal ideological realm to the normal tradition of geopolitics and natural resources.Giant multinational companies in the west have settled the distribution of oil resources in the world after this war was on for a hundred years.Being a latecomer,China is also faced with a great demand for oil in the process of rapid economic growth.Consequently,how to get a share of oil out of this set situation turns out to be a dilemma China must find ways to cope with.


1. The elongated implant for the controlled and sustained release of at least one analogue of GnRH, wherein the implant comprises a biodegradable polymer or copolymer sleeve and the core polymer or copolymer in a sleeve, comprising at least an analog of GnRH, wherein something at least one end sleeve open, and- sleeve collapses during slow vysvobozhdeniya.2. An implant according to claim 1 wherein the GnRH analogue triptorelin is a salt, preferably acetate, triptorelin pamoate or triptorelin, more preferably triptorelina.3 acetate. The implant of claim 2, wherein the amount of triptorelin acetate polymer or copolymer core is in the range from 30 to 90 wt.% Relative to the total weight of the core polymer or copolymer, preferably in the range from 35 to 65 wt.% Relative to the total weight of polymer or copolymer core .four. An implant according to claim 1, wherein the polymer or copolymer sleeve and the core polymer or copolymer made of the same polymer or sopolimera.5. An implant according to claim. 4, wherein the polymer or copolymer is a poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) with lactic acid and glycolic acid in PLGA ratio ranging from 70:30 to 90:10, preferably the ratio of lactic acid and of glycolic acid in the PLGA is 85: 15.6. An implant according to claim 1 provides release of GnRH analogue for at least 3 months, preferably at least 6 mesyatsev.7. An implant according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein the amount of triptorelin acetate is in the range from 0.5 to 50 mg, preferably an amount in the range from 2 to 20 mg, more preferably the amount is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mg


Effect of pretreatment by crude enzyme of Trametes sp. Lg-9 on properties of poplar SCMP was studied in this paper.The results show that beating properties of SCMP can be improved by pretreatment with Trametes sp. Lg-9 crude enzyme,and energy consumption of beating can be decreased.The fiber mean length increases through beating after pretreatment,fines content decreases and width of fiber slightly increases.Brightness and physcial properties of SCMP can be improved by pretreatment of Trametes sp. Lg-9 crude enzyme.SCMP whiteness and strength can be improved after pretreatment of Lg-9 crude enzyme and the bleached pulp has longer fiber mean length and lower content of fines.Fiber mean length slightly decreases and fines content increases with dosage of crude enzyme increasing at the dosage level of crude enzyme beyond 8 IU/g.


Solidification is present in almost all materials. It is influenced by grain size and shape, chemical homogeneity, defect type and density, and mechanical properties. During micro-mechanical testing, the following occur: 1) Micro-CT (as processed) - Map Initial 3D Microstructure 2) Nano-Radiography (In situ under Tension) - Observe of Damage Initiation/Propagation 3) Micro-CT (Post Mortem) - Global Fracture Study 4) Nano-CT (Post Mortem) - High-Resolution Fracture Study.


Scientists who review grant proposals for the National Science Foundation (NSF) soon will be asked to judge them according to just two criteria: scientific quality and impact on society. The new approach, adopted last week by the National Science Board, eliminates separate criteria relating to the applicant's track record and the effect of the project on the nation's scientific infrastructure.


Purpose – Based on the intra-national diversity view, this research aims to employ the concept of national identity to explain the consumer's evaluation of foreign product with local brand and the extent of consumer ethnocentrism. It then investigates how product evaluation and consumer ethnocentrism are capable of explaining consumer's perceived value of the product. Finally, it tests the impact of consumer perceived value on consumer willingness to buy. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 251 consumers of local wine in Vietnam was analysed using structural equation modelling technique. Findings – National identity has positive impacts on product evaluation and consumer ethnocentrism. These two factors together can explain 58 percent variance of consumer's perceived value, which is the key predictor of willingness to buy. Additionally, emotional and social values are found to be important motivators of local wine consumption in Vietnam. Research limitations/implications – The three reflective first...


This paper will present the modelling, analysis and design of a load-independent Class EF inverter. This inverter is able to maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation and produce a constant output current for any load value without the need for tuning or replacement of components. The load-independent feature of this inverter is beneficial when used as the primary coil driver in multi-megahertz high power inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) applications where the distance between the coils and the load are variable. The work here begins with the traditional load-dependent Class EF topology for inversion and then specifies the criteria that are required to be met in order achieve load-independence. The design and development of a 240W load-independent Class EF inverter to drive the primary coil of a 6.78MHz WPT system will be discussed and experimental results will be presented to show the load-independence feature when the distance between the coils of the WPT system changes.


When we survey the rich terrain of ancient ethics and the different visions of the best human character that flourished within it, there is one element—one virtue within these visions—that stands out as particularly distinctive. This is a virtue usually translated as 'magnanimity' or 'greatness of soul'. For philosophical readers, its most familiar expression is the one it received at the hands of Aristotle in the ...


Millar and Jinks (1981) recently reported that dexamethasone treatment of cultured Chinese hamster lung (V-79) cells results in a decreased sensitivity of these cells to radiation killing. This alteration in cellular radiosensitivity was observed when V-79 cells were irradiated in air, under nitrogen, or in the presence of the hypoxic cell sensitiser misonidazole. Since dexamethasone is widely used to reduce cerebral oedema in patients undergoing radiotherapy for brain tumours, the observation by Millar and Jinks raises a possibility that dexamethasone might be radioprotective for brain tumours, and thus negatively affect radiotherapeutic treatment. Therefore, it is important to establish whether their finding is a unique property of V-79 cells or whether cultured cell lines other than V-79 and normal tissues and tumours of experimental animals become less sensitive to radiation when exposed to dexamethasone.


To investigate the role of the covalent linkage between the heme iron and the proximal histidine on the iron-porphyrin dynamics, we have studied the temperature dependence of the Soret band in the carbonmonoxy derivative of the human hemoglobin mutant α87(F8) His→Gly. In the alpha chains of this mutant the proximal histidine is substituted with a glycine, so that the covalent linkage between the heme iron and the protein is missing. Imidazole is added as an exogenous ligand to preserve the iron sixfold coordination. For the mutant we observe; i) a Soret band peak frequency shift of about 30 cm−1, suggesting different geometry for the iron-imidazole and the iron-proximal histidine linkages; ii) a smaller spectral heterogeneity, suggesting that conformational substates of the proximal side may contribute to the spectral heterogeneity observed in native hemoglobin; iii) anharmonic contributions still present and even larger than those observed for native hemoglobin. This last result indicates that the presen...


The overheat fault reasons,characteristics and diagnostic methods of tap-changer contact are expounded.According to example analysis,the measures to prevent overheat of tap-changer contact are researched.


The importance of security in communications has made cryptography one of the most important research for designers. Montgomery modular multiplication is one of the best methods used in cryptosystems. These multipliers can be implemented in different ways including digit-serial architecture. The digit-serial multiplier is an efficient structure for low power and high-speed applications. The architecture of digit-serial multiplier can benefit from the advantage of both serial and parallel structures. This study presents a new digit-serial Montgomery modular multiplier architecture, which takes up less area by reducing internal blocks of the structure. The latency and design complexity of the proposed digit-serial Montgomery multiplier is less than many other similar designs. The critical path delay of the proposed architecture is reduced compared to similar works. The proposed circuit has the flexibility to be used in a large number of bits and can be used for any size of the digit. The simulation results of the proposed multiplier are presented.


The method for determining the values of effective diffusion coefficient for the problem of dynamic control of pollution distribution in the aeration zone of the soil of the agricultural landscape with a piece-smooth surface, which is based on a differential spatially distributed dynamic model, is proposed. The Deep Galerkin method is used to solve the inverse coefficient problem. The method uses a deep neural network instead of a linear combination of basic functions and a set of experimentally determined values of the pollutant concentration. An example of numerical implementation of this approach for the study of surface pollution in the landscape with hydraulic shafts-terraces for the surface soil layers in the range of 0-20 cm is given.


This paper introduces the mini-temperature control system with the core of FX2N-48MT PLC.Aided by the peripheral circuit,the system realizes the signal collecting,A/D inverting and PID calculating and controlling by use of analog function module and powerful function instructions.


Burrow usurpation and duration of surface activity were studied for the ocypodid crab Scopimera globosa in the Fukuro River Estuary, southern Honshu, Japan. Burrow owners were displaced frequently during an exposure period, where burrow usurpation accounted for almost half of the causes of burrow abandoning. In most instances of burrow usurpation, the usurper was larger than its opponent, irrespective of the sex. The duration of surface activity during an exposure period was not correlated with crab size. Based on these facts, the reason for size variations in spatial distribution of S. globosa is discussed. For some ocypodid crabs inhabiting intertidal sand or mud fiat, it has been reported that larger crabs tend to occur at higher level than smaller conspecific ones: for Scopimera in.flata by Fielder (1971), Dotilla fenestrata by Hartnoll (1973), Ocypode cursor by Shuchman & Warburg (1978), Ocypode quadrata by Fisher & Tevesz (1979), Uca lactea by Frith & Brunenmeister (1980), and Scopimera globosa & lf:yoplax pusillus by Wada (1983). But mechanisms involved in such intraspecific distributional difference have not so far been fully analyzed. With the purpose of discussing this problem for Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835, I have made experimental observations in the field, and present, in this paper, data on displacement of burrow owners and the relation between the duration of surface activity and crab size. In this connection, few works have been done on burrow abandoning or burrow obtaining in ocypodids in the field; Hyatt & Salmon (1978) reported the size relationships between wandering crabs and residents evicted by the former for Uca pugilator and U. pugnax, and Bertness & Miller (1984) examined crab recruitment to artificial burrows for U. pugnax. Furthermore, the duration of surface activity has not so far been studied in relation to individual size in ocypodids. Field study was conducted on an intertidal sand flat of the Fukuro River Estuary, Japan (33°38'N 135°24'E). Four fixed areas were established along the middle level (ca. 42 em above M.T.L.) of S. globosa distributional range which measured about 30m across the shore. On each day of spring and neap tides ofsummer (June 5 & 14, 1984) and of autumn (October 2 & 12, 1984), surface activities of crabs in the fixed areas were continuously recorded with four video cameras for 4.5 to 7 hours within daytime exposure periods. It was only on 12 October that recording almost fully extended over an entire exposure period. Data on observation time & area, number of burrows observed, and Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 31 (3/6), 327-332, 1986. (Article 11)


The study investigates the discrimination of a synthesized non-pharyngealized/pharyngealized place-of-articulation contrast in Arabic [si]-[s/sup /spl zeta//i], presented to Arabic-speaking subjects and French-speaking subjects. An identification task showed group differences in the location of the category boundary, reflecting language-specific experience. An AX discrimination task revealed cross-language differences in the phonemic status of the contrast and that levels of discrimination performance were strongly associated with their assimilation patterns.


This research addressed two questions concerning strategies for coping with betrayal that were emphasized in recent studies by Rupp (1999) and Hickel (2000). The first question was to what extent do participants report using the coping strategies emphasized in the two previous studies when they are asked to describe their efforts to cope with betrayal in a way that avoids biasing and constraining their descriptions? The second question pertained to how the participants rate the effectiveness of the coping strategies they described. Undergraduate university students (N=57) were asked to complete the following self-report questionnaires with reference to a situation in which they felt they were betrayed: (a) Betrayal Identification Sheet, (b) Coping Description Form, (c) Unfinished Business Resolution Scale, and (d) Relationship Change Measure. Content analysis of the participants' descriptions of how they coped with their identified betrayal evidenced that most of the strategies emphasized in the previous studies were used by some of the participants. A substantial minority reported using "intense expression of feeling," "self-validation or understand other," and "behavioral disengagement." On the other hand, no participants reported using "shift in view of others" or "negative view of others." With the exception of the latter strategies, the present findings suggested that most of the other strategies are useful in conceptualizing ways in which persons cope with betrayal. At the same time, over 75% of the participants used strategies other than those emphasized in the Rupp (1999) and Hickel (2000) studies. This finding suggests that while some of the emphasized strategies contribute to the knowledge of how persons cope with betrayal, a more comprehensive description of coping with betrayal will need to take into account other strategies. Finally, most of the strategies that were used by the present sample were regarded as either "somewhat effective," or "neither ineffective nor effective."


The diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is usually considered for patients with swelling or pain in one leg. But radiologists from Boston's


A year ago, dramatic declines in emergency department (ED) use, coupled with increases in telehealth visits, would have been greeted as a success. Instead, when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a 42% decline in visits during the first 6 months of this year, it raised concerns that the drop was due to ill-advised avoidance of EDs out of fear of contracting the novel coronavirus.1,2 Still, some of this decline may have been due to changing needs for care—ie, fewer injuries among those staying home—and some due to people resetting their threshold for visiting an ED, perhaps as a result of being offered the more efficient option of a telehealth visit.3 If the latter is the case, we should be seeking ways to extend and expand upon this pattern. As of this month, however, some insurers are rolling back coverage of telehealth, and in-person visits rates are recovering. Without access to telehealth, emergency visits could even rebound beyond prior levels owing to the exacerbation of conditions left too long untreated during the public health emergency.4 In short, the window during which to rethink emergency care is closing. It is worth noting that emergency medicine is a relatively new field—the first residency program in emergency medicine began just 50 years ago—and that emergency medicine is not recognized as a specialty in many medically advanced countries. Instead, anesthesiologists, primary care physicians, and surgeons provide emergency care. In the US, in contrast, we have highly trained emergency medicine doctors, but, ironically, these specialists often spend a large portion of their time practicing poorly coordinated primary care. Given that emergency medicine originated, in part, out of concern about lack of access for the poor and underserved,5 it is important to retain this objective; however, prepandemic shortcomings of EDs should not be forgotten. Long waits for emergency department care prior to the pandemic and widespread reports of emergency department "frequent fliers" using a disproportionate amount of care point to problems with the model.4 Indeed, a study from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality found that "a sizable portion of ED revisits may be driven by factors that cannot be readily addressed from or by EDs themselves." Other risks are also associated with the current model of emergency care and related care fragmentation, such as elevated mortality upon readmission after emergency general surgery.6 How then can we seize this opportunity to provide better access to primary and urgent care, in addition to specialized services for people with truly emergent care needs? First, we can learn how to use—and reimburse7—telehealth services appropriately throughout the pandemic and beyond. Second, we can encourage services that provide non-ED care options for families and that can complement telehealth services. Urgent care centers, for example, might provide in-person assessments and tests to follow up on recommendations made during telehealth visits. This would mean people would not need to resort to an ED and could maintain continuity of care with their primary care provider. Urgent care use has been found to provide better access to care for some population segments but needs to be more widely available.8 Third, we need overarching systems to triage patients to the appropriate care modality and to ensure that their data and care history follow them. Each of these strategies could free up time and capacity for emergent care in our overburdened EDs. Finally, we should develop better strategies for rapid emergency care response for future pandemics and natural disasters. This pandemic has shown that health care professionals can mobilize and train up quickly to confront a new threat. Emergency medicine specialists should drive Author affiliations and article information are listed at the end of this article.


During the early 1990s, managed care organisations were relatively successful at herding US provider-beasts and controlling their appetites for USA health care resources. By dividing and conquering the providers, managed care companies were able to gain discounted fees from physicians, hospitals and the international drug barons in the pharmaceutical industry.


In the intestine of infants exclusively breast fed there exists a predominance of Bifidobacteria, particularly B. bifidum which can be isolated in up to 72% of breast fed infants (1, 2, 3, 4). Bifidobacteria can be detected in faecal flora 2-5 days post partum (2) and their presence in the infant intestine are thought to be inhibitory to the growth of other enteric organisms (1, 4, 5, 6), including potential pathogens. Variation with the species of Bifidobacteria present have been reported ( 2 , 7) . Nevertheless, with the predominance of B. bifidum in the gut of breast fed infants we set about to investigate the presence of immunoglobulins directed against B. bifidum in human milk, infant, child and adult sera. B. bifidum biotypeb , which is almost exclusively isolated from infants (2) was used for the detection of B. bifidum immunoglobulins.


Neuro-nanotechnology [2] is an approach that integrates nanoparticles [3] (or nanostructures) into the field of neuroscience in order to both study the structures and functions of the brain and to treat neurological diseases. These technologies include nanoparticles [3] to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier, to monitor electrical signals in the brain, and to induce neural signaling in damaged brain tissue. One advance in this field is the development of artificial synapses [4], which offers a way to stimulate damaged neurons and may to restore brain function. The artificial synapses [4] double as a platform for modeling artificial neural networks in supercomputers [1].


X‐ray diffraction methods have been developed for the study of materials at high temperatures under controlled atmospheres, and an investigation of the high temperature phases of the alkaline earth carbonates has been made. BaCO3 was found to change from orthorhombic (aragonite type) to hexagonal (calcite type) at 803°C, and to cubic (sodium chloride type) at 976°C. SrCO3 was found to change from orthorhombic (aragonite type) to hexagonal (calcite type) at 912°C. A few experiments with mixtures, which go through similar transitions, are described.These transitions are related to the rotational activity of the carbonate ions and consideration of the nature of the transitions leads to a description of the probable rotational behavior of these ions in the various phases.


Abstract The effect of polyanions on the formation of mixed dimers of methylene blue (MB) and trypaflavine (TF), MB and phenosafranine (PhS), and MB and pyronine G (PG) was investigated spectrophotometrically. The following polyanions were used: potassium poly(vinyl sulfate) (PVSK), potassium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSSK), sodium poly(methacrylate) (PMANa), and sodium poly-(acrylate) (PAANa). The formation of mixed dimers was dependent on the kind of polyanion and polyanion-dye ratio. MB-photo-sensitized isomerization of cis-p-(phenylazo)-phenyltrimethyl-ammonium iodide (cis-PTA) to the trans-isomer was used advantageously to investigate the triplet excitation energy transfer between cationic dyes bound to polyanions. Although the efficiency of the excitation energy transfer between MB and cis-PTA was enhanced by the addition of polyanions, the formation of mixed dimer of MB with TF, PhS, or PG reduced the efficiency of the excitation energy transfer. Correlation with the formation of mixed dimer of MB wi...


Time variations of the nitrate content in Green- land ice core for the last 400 years are analysed. An approx- imately 20-year cyclicity dominates the nitrate series during the Maunder minimum (1645-1715) due to similar variations of galactic cosmic ray intensity. During times of normal high solar activity level, the 4-6-year periodicity dominates the ni- trate series. This is probably due to a superposition of fluxes of galactic and solar cosmic rays, and due to favourable con- ditions for the nitrate precipitation.


Interagency studies conducted during the last several years have indicated the need to improve full-scale testing capabilities. The studies showed that the most effective trade between test capability and facility cost was provided by repowering the existing Ames Research Center 40- by 80-ft Wind Tunnel to increase the maximum speed from about 100 m/s (200 knots) to about 150 m/s (300 knots) and by adding a new 24- by 37-m (80- by 120-ft) test section powered for about a 50-rn/s (100-knot) maximum speed. This paper reviews the design of the facility, a few of its capabilities, and some of its unique features.


This study focuses on the development of a concept for small animal PET systems based on energetic-photon readout using a heavy organometallic liquid. TriMethyl Bismuth (TMBi) is a transparent liquid with 82 % by weight of Bismuth. It effectively converts 511 keV photons by the photo-electric effect allowing to build detectors with high spatial resolution. For charge transport evaluation in TMBi we built a single-wire ionization chamber manufactured from electropolished ultra-high-vacuum compatible components. Ion yield measurements were performed under the presence of a Cs-137 source. Based on these findings we simulated a PET scanner in a ring shaped geometry using a dodecagonal design of detectors each divided into 5 layers to allow for depth-of-interaction measurements. The central point source sensitivity was determined as 10 %. Spatial resolution was sub-millimeter (0.7 mm FWHM) in the center of the FOV, and below 1 mm for a mouse-sized object. The excellent performance of the proposed PET system manifests in a high peak count rate of 232 kcps at 10 MBq activity for a mouse-sized object with an optimal operation range of the system between 5 and 20 MBq (count rates beyond 200 kcps). This study demonstrates that a small animal PET scanner based on liquid TMBi is an interesting concept for future research where the liquid TMBi would offer a variable scanner geometry avoiding gaps between detector volumes.


This medical treatment apparatus 1 includes: a pair of holding members that clamps body tissue; an energy generation unit 22 that is provided on at least one of the pair of holding members and generates energy; a distance calculation unit 321 that calculates the distance between the members of the pair of the holding members; and an energy control unit 322 that causes the energy generation unit 22 to generate energy corresponding to the distance between members.


The energy‐level sequence, whose spacings distribution is the most frequently invoked indicator of quantum chaos, can be derived (for systems with two degrees of freedom) from a two‐dimensional representation of quantum invariants by projection. In this representation, such properties of level sequences as effective randomness in integrable models and level repulsion in nonintegrable models can be more directly interpreted in terms of physical properties. In integrable models, anharmonicities convert quasiperiodic level sequences into effectively random sequences.


Despite the tremendous usage of HMBC to establish long‐range 1H–13C and 1H–15N heteronuclear correlations, an inherent drawback of the experiment is the indeterminate nature of the nJXH correlations afforded by the experiment. A priori there is no reliable way of determining whether a given nJCH correlation is, for example, via two‐, three‐, or sometimes even four‐bonds. This limitation of the HMBC experiment spurred the development of the ADEQUATE family of NMR experiments that rely on, in the case of 1,1‐ADEQUATE, an out‐and‐back transfer of magnetization via the 1JCC homonuclear coupling constant, which is significantly larger than nJCC (where n = 2–4) couplings in most cases. Hence, the 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiment has generally been assumed to unequivocally provide the equivalent of 2JCH correlations. The recent development of the 1,1‐ and 1,n‐HD‐ADEQUATE experiments that can provide homodecoupling for certain 1JCC and nJCC correlations has increased the sensitivity of the ADEQUATE experiments significantly and can allow acquisition of these data in a fraction of the time required for the original iterations of this pulse sequence. With these gains in sensitivity, however, there occasionally come unanticipated consequences. We have observed that the collapse of proton multiplets, in addition to providing better s/n for the desired 1JCC correlations can facilitate the observation of typically weaker 2JCC correlations across intervening carbonyl resonances in 1,1‐HD‐ADEQUATE spectra. Several examples are shown, with the results supported by the measurement of the 2JCC coupling constants in question using J‐modulated‐HD‐ADEQUATE and DFT calculations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Based on the guidelines for risk mapping of the flood inundated areas for middle and small rivers complied in 2005 in Japan,a more detailed introduction is made herein on the risk mapping of the flood inundated areas for middle and small rivers in Japan;in which the necessary data for the mapping,the method for the analysis on flood inundation and the specific process of the mapping are summarized,and then an important reference can be provided for the flood hazard mapping for the mountainous rivers in China.


E-marketing is a fast-developing field of marketing, with new tools constantly emerging in the market. The opportunities within e-marketing provide businesses with a chance to advertise to audiences worldwide without the high costs associated with above-the-line advertising. Many e-marketing tools are available to facilitate marketing and one such tool is Google AdWords. AdWords as it is commonly known is a paid-for search-engine marketing tool offered by Google, the dominant search engine worldwide. Google AdWords allows businesses to bid on keywords that are related to the product or service offering. The top bidder's advertisement is then displayed at the top of the results page when a chosen keyword is searched for in a search engine. A research study was conducted in 2016 with the aim to ascertain star-graded overnight accommodation establishments' attitude towards and intention to use search engine marketing specifically Google AdWords as e-marketing tool. A self-administered web-based survey was conducted to collect data and 278 fully completed and usable responses were received. The study revealed that a minority of respondents are making use of Google AdWords. The respondents who are using AdWords regard AdWords as useful and are above average satisfied with the outcomes of using AdWords. It is clear from the results that Google AdWords is not perceived as an e-marketing tool that decreases marketing expenditure for accommodation.


Identifying the spatial structures of economic activity within a supra-regional entity is an urgent scientific task. In this study, it is solved using a combination of a framework approach and a model analog of the gravitational interaction for the cities of the Volga-Ural macroregion. According to the cost of industrial production of cities with a population of more than 100 thousand inhabitants (i.e., the first and second cities of their regions) and the distance between them, an industrial-urbanized framework of the macroregion was built, demonstrating the potential of economic ties within it. The analysis of the strength of ties allowed us to identify the peripheral and central cities-industrial centers. Among the first ones there are the cities of Orenburg and Penza regions, among the second ones – Ufa, Samara and Tolyatti. In addition, the functions of the second cities of the regions were analyzed and the degree of industrial orientation of the first and second cities of the macroregion was revealed.


Résumé — This work analyses the error committed when sampling a random field with the spectral representation method. We conclude the error decreases proportionally to the size of the domain. The problem is that the cost of generation a random field scales as O(N log(N)), where N is the number of points in the simulation. We proposes a subdivision-method that maintain where we can glue together several sample blocks (generated with a O(N log(N)) complexity) into one single field. This allows to have a O(N) scalability of the system, saving much computational effort and suited to massively parallel architectures. Mots clés — Gaussian-random field sampling, large-scale simulation, parallel computing.


The authors use the modified Stefan method to obtain the diffusion cross sections for vapors of magnesium and zinc in argon. The data is analyzed using a mass-transfer equation differing significantly from the classical Stefan equation, in the derivation of which a fundamental error was permitted.


In this paper,the material selection,structure design,carburizing and quenching heat treatment process of the double-linked gear with internal splines used in the axle gear box of railway maintenance machinery was studied and analyzed. By the optimization design,the design and production process can be made more simple and reasonable. And then the effects of heat treatment factors including pre-treatment,carburizing temperature,carbon potential,quenching temperature and preheating on the distortion of 17CrNiMo6 steel were analyzed,by this design can control the heat treatment distortion preferably,and can improve the gear accuracy. Finally,this design can meet the design requirements.


This paper outlines the results of preliminary fieldwork recently undertaken on the eastern margin of the New England tablelands. The survey has concentrated mainly on areas to the east and north of Walcha, a small town 60 km south of Armidale. Further work has also been conducted in the Armidale area and is included here. In this paper I present some of the results of these surveys, in conjunction with some ethnohistorical data, and discuss their significance in relation to previous theories on the occupation and exploitation of the New England region by its prehistoric Aboriginal inhabitants. Â


Summary The proposed clinical trial in Africa of VRC01, a potent broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) capable of neutralizing 91% of known HIV‐1 isolates, raises concerns about testing a treatment which will be too expensive to be accessible by the most important target population, the poor in under‐developed regions such as sub‐Saharan Africa. Here, we report the expression of VRC01 in plants as an economic alternative to conventional mammalian‐cell‐based production platforms. The heavy and light chain genes of VRC01 were cloned onto a single vector, pTRAk.2, which was transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana or Nicotiana tabacum using transient and stable expression production systems respectively. VRC01 has been successfully expressed transiently in plants with expression level of approximately 80 mg antibody/kg; stable transgenic lines expressing up to 100 mg antibody/kg were also obtained. Plant‐produced VRC01 from both systems showed a largely homogeneous N‐glycosylation profile with a single dominant glycoform. The binding kinetics to gp120 IIIB (approximately 1 nm), neutralization of HIV‐1 BaL or a panel of 10 VRC01‐sensitive HIV‐1 Env pseudoviruses of VRC01 produced in transient and stable plants were also consistent with VRC01 from HEK cells.


The melanophore bioassay is a robust, sensitive, and versatile procedure for screening G protein–coupled receptors in a variety of formats. Because melanophores contain a wide variety of G proteins, they can be employed as a sensitive, real‐time response system for studying transfected receptors and for defining equilibria for drug effects. This assay can be run in 96‐well microtiter plates or in open‐lawn 1536 format, and can yield conventional agonist‐antagonist as well as constitutive assays.