We investigated the microstructure of single crystal NiO irradiated at 45° off-normal incidence by 593 MeV Au ions to a fluence of 1.4·10 ions/cm using electron microscope based techniques. It was found that the surface 11 μm thick layer experienced significant rotation along the direction of the incident ion beam projected onto the specimen surface while SAED showed the specimen as a whole remains single crystalline. Rotation vs depth profiles obtained from EBSD, TKD and SAED agreed well and suggests a maximum rotation of about 25° from the original <001> surface normal which is in agreement with on-line XRD measurement performed during irradiation. STEM microstructural analysis showed a high density of dislocations decorating the boundaries of nm sized cells exhibiting slight orientation differences. It was concluded that radiation induced stress buildup leads to the creation of low energy dislocation networks surrounding cells with minor orientation differences. These orientation differences are driven in along a specific direction due to unbalanced shear stress resulting from off normal irradiation and the residual stress from each thermal spike.


The optimal way to structure information in hierarchies has occupied researchers for at least two decades. In the last few years, mobile devices added new challenges to this research: the limited screen size, navigation methods and data transfer rates make the search for the optimal information structure even more complex. In this paper an experiment is presented that investigates the usability of 4 different information hierarchies (46, 84, 163 and 642) on three mobile devices. It turns out that the narrow hierarchies (46 and 84) perform better than the broader hierarchies on the three devices. The experiment was repeated on two more occasions with the same participants to test expertise effects; the preference for narrow hierarchies did not change over the three occasions.


1 Study was undertaken with the objective to develop a simple method for isolation of karanjin from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Linn.) seed oil. The seed oil was subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with methanol. The extract was further subjected to solvent partitioning followed by crystallization to get karanjin, purity of which was ascertained by HPLC. The purity of isolated karanjin was found to be 98%. Mass spectrum for the compound in ESI + mode showed signals at 293 (M+H) + , which confirmed the molecular weight to be 292. From IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral data, structure elucidation was done and the structure was conformed as karanjin.


(57) ABSTRACT Generating computer models of 3D objects is described. In one example, depth images of an object captured by a Sub stantially static depth camera are used to generate the model, which is stored in a memory device in a three-dimensional volume. Portions of the depth image determined to relate to the background are removed to leave a foreground depth image. The position and orientation of the object in the fore ground depth image is tracked by comparison to a preceding depth image, and the foreground depth image is integrated into the Volume by using the position and orientation to deter mine where to add data derived from the foreground depth image into the Volume. In examples, the object is hand-ro tated by a user before the depth camera. Hands that occlude the objectare integrated out of the model as they do not move in Sync with the object due to re-gripping.


Many signaling and regulatory proteins found in the cytoplasm of human cells have a great potential as targets for therapeutic antibodies (Abs) but the plasma cell membrane prevents access to these antigens. Current technologies for cytoplasmic Ab expression in human cells require delivery of the Ab-encoding gene or fusion to protein transduction domains. Since Ab fragments and full IgGs can be selected and engineered in E. coli, this microorganism is an excellent candidate for their intracellular delivery. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates that single-domain Abs (sdAbs) can be engineered to be secreted and injected by E. coli into human cells using the molecular syringes assembled by a type III protein secretion system (T3SS) found in enteropathogenic and enterohemorragic E. coli strains (EPEC and EHEC). Injection of sdAbs does not require bacterial invasion or the transfer of genetic material. To achieve this goal, a short 20 amino acid secretion signal from the natural T3 effector was fused to the N-terminus of sdAbs. The hybrid molecules were shown to be secreted to extracellular culture media by EPEC and EHEC strains carrying a functional T3SS. Secreted sdAbs were purified from culture supernatants and shown to be functional for specific antigen binding in vitro. Direct injection of sdAbs to the cytoplasm of HeLa cells was demonstrated by translocation assays using sdAb fusions to b-lactamase reporter and biochemical detection of sdAbs the cytoplasm of infected HeLa cells. Between 105-106 sdAb molecules accumulated per cell in the presence of antigen. Interestingly, expression of the antigen increases the level of sdAb detected in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells. Formation of the antigen-sdAb complex was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells. Finally, it is shown that attenuated EPEC strains with functional T3SS can be used for sdAb injection. Taken together, these results are proof-of-principle for the capacity of non-invasive E. coli bacteria to directly deliver functional sdAb polypeptides in the cytoplasm human cells.


This essay contemplates the analysis and study of the main elements within the different scenarios in shopping centers, in this case, as elements for the definition of the degrees of security that visitors, employees and tenants of these physical spaces have through the implementation of security systems that allow the mitigation of those negative effects for these spaces.
On the other hand, the aim is to identify and analyze the different elements that concern the administration of security in these areas of regular population circulation in which the topics of prevention, mitigation and immediate response include fundamental elements for the elimination of the factors of risk.


A lithographic technique using a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope is being developed. This technique is capable of drawing accurate patterns, with line widths much less than 50 nm, over small areas. The method is described and its application to the manufacture of diffractive optical components for soft X-rays is discussed.


Abstract This study examined the degree of climacteric symptoms, hardiness and middle-life crises. The survey period was from 25 May to 10 September, 2013 with workers in small business workplaces in Jeonnam. The datawas collected by a self-questionnaire and SPSS Win 18.0 was used for data analysis. As an accounting hierarchical analysis result, middle-life crisis was affected by exercise, and the relationship with the spouse and child with an explanatory power of 25.1%. Additional input climacteric symptoms showed more explanatory power (21.1%). In addition, exercise, education, relationship with the spouse, relationship with child, income, and climacteric symptomswere predictors of a mid-life crisis with explanatory power of 42.7%. Therefore, to successfully overcome mid-lifecrises, a range of nursing interventions should be provided to make a positive self-control and intimate relationship with the spouse of middle-aged men. Keywords : Climacteric symptoms, Hardiness, Mid-life crisis


Malignant epithelial ovarian tumors are a major cause of mortality among women. Increased knowledge of the molecular markers and studying their expression can help predicr the course of the disease, and accordingly develop the optimal tactics for further treatment of patients with ovarian cancer early stages. Much attention is paid to the study of markers that characterize apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of primary tumor tissue of patients verified morphologically malignant epithelial ovarian neoplasms. We have examined the expression of apoptisic proteins p53, Bcl-2, Bax and analyzed the correlation of protein expression depending on the clinical and morphological features of the tumor. Here we show that proteins with early stages ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis if the high expression of p53 is observed in primary tumor.


Optical transmission impairments are most critical reason to reduce both capacity and achievable transmission distance in optical communication system. Advanced modulation formats are important keys to reduce optical transmission impairments in digital signal processing (DSP) based coherent wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system. These formats are more robust to non-linearity of optical fiber and results in increasing both spectral efficiency and bandwidth. Coherent detection technique increases sensitivity of receiver up to 30 dB in comparison of direct detection. Simulink seems to be the best cost-effective platform for analyzing mathematical modeling of optical coherent system. In this paper, mathematical model has been developed to analyze the optical transmission impairments by employing the advanced polarization multiplexed QPSK modulation in DSP based WDM coherent system. The simulation results have shown bit error rate (BER) improvement up to 10−6 and enhanced transmission distance to 150 km. These values have seen to be in close proximity with experimental results. The developed mathematical model seems to be more useful for extending the existing WDM optical system for longer distances with acceptable BER.


Coastal zones are among the most variable environments. As such, they require adaptive water management to ensure the balance of economic and social interests with environmental concerns. High quality marine data of hydrographic conditions e.g., sea level, temperature, salinity, and currents are needed to provide a sound foundation for the decision making process. Operational models with sufficiently high forecasting quality and resolution can be used for a further extension of the marine service toward the coastal-estuary areas. The Limfjord is a large and shallow water body in Northern Jutland, connecting the North Sea in the West and the Kattegat in the East. It is currently not covered by the CMEMS service, despite its importance for sea shipping, aquaculture and mussel fisheries. In this study, we use the operational HIROMB-BOOS Model (HBM) to resolve the full Baltic-Limfjord-North Sea system with a horizontal resolution of 185.2 m in the Limfjord. The study shows several factors that are essential for successfully modeling the coastal-estuary system: (a) high computational efficiency and flexible grids to allow high resolution in the fjord, (b) an improved short wave radiation scheme to model the thermodynamics and the diurnal variability of the temperature in very shallow waters, (c) high resolution atmospheric forcing, (d) adequate river forcing, and (e) accurate bathymetry in the narrow straits. With properly resolving these issues, the system is able to provide high quality sea level forecast for storm surge warning and hydrography forecasts: temperature, salinity and currents with sufficiently good quality for ecosystem-based management. The model is able to simulate the complex spatial and temporal pattern of sea level, salinity and temperature in the Limfjord and to reproduce their diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability and stratification rather well. Its high computational efficiency makes it possible to model the transition from the basin-scales to coastal- and estuary-scales seamlessly. In total, The HBM model has been successfully extended, to include the complex estuary system of the Limfjord, and shows an adequate model performance with regards to sea level, salinity and temperature predictions, suitable for storm surge warning applications and coastal management applications.


An important liquid crystal intermediate of 4'-Bromoethynyl-4-pentyl-biphenyl was synthesized by bromo-reaction using N-bromosuccinimide as brominating agent, 4-Ethynyl-4'- pentyl-biphenyl as raw material, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as catalyst and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as reaction solvent. The effects of reaction variables were systematically optimized to achieve product with yield as high as possible. Under the optimal synthesis condition, where the temperature was 80oC, the mol ratio between 4-Ethynyl-4'- pentyl-biphenyl and NBS was 1:2, the weight rate of BPO to 4-Ethynyl-4'-pentyl-biphenyl was 2.5%, and the reaction time was 8 h, the product attained the best yield of 93.1%.


It is considered that when a tractor is working with a rotary tiller, the tillage resistances acting on rotary blades affect the travel of the tractor which has a power source. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of rotary tillage resistances to the tractor in a tractor-rotary tilling system. In the Part 1 of this serial report, it was reported that the power transmission system of a riding tractor with a rotary tiller forms a closed-loop, which consists of the "return power", "traveling power" and "feedback power" etc . In this report, the power transmission model of both a riding and a walking tractor-rotary tilling system is proposed. Rotary tilling power in tillage pushes the tractor forward, and the driving wheels are preventing the tractor from walking out by their brakig forces. It is explained that the "total braking force" consists of "motion *  1985年4月  農 機 学 会 第44回 年 次 大 会(筑 波 大 学)に て 講 演 **  九 州 大 学 農 学 部(〒812  福 岡市 東 区箱 崎6-10-1 092 -641-1101  内6289) Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812 Japan 110 農 業 機 械 学 会 誌 第49巻 第1, 2号 resistance" and "pure braking force". Then, the theoretical equations of the pure braking force on driving wheels are proposed. Furthermore, the return power, traveling power and feedback power in the walking tractor with a rotary tiller will be discussed and the theoretical equations of power transmission efficiencies in the closed-loop will be proposed in the following reports. 〔Keyword〕 rotary, power transmission, return power, feedback power, traveling power, total braking force, pure braking force


The reactions of Na and NO on the (0001) surface of graphite and the influence of coadsorbed water on these reactions have been studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy. The products of the NO+Na reactions are dependent on the partial concentrations in the initial coadsorbed layer. For NO:Na dose ratios less than 1:1, N2 formation is dominant. For higher NO doses, this is superseded by N2O formation. In all cases sodium is oxidized by the NO. This leads to carbonate formation, which subsequently decomposes to release CO2 and CO. The addition of H2O at low coverages to the Na+NO system complicates the reactions. It results in ammonia formation by two independent mechanisms. The formation of NH3 is strongly dependent on the water dose. In addition to generating NH3, coadsorbed water alters the sodium oxidation pathway resulting in an enhanced formation of CO2 at certain coverages. Large H2O coverages block the NO reaction pathways by forming an inert "hypermetalated" hydroxide overlayer. The surface compo...


After a visit of Ferry and the conclusion of a western countries, Japan has taken an opened country to foreign intercourse at the end of Bakufu(幕府) period. During the period of Meiji(明治) in 1868, the new government promoted progressive modernization in order to pass through inner and outer crisis of Japan. To seek rapid modernization as well as industrialization, Japan needed the best brains and experts. The most effective ways to deal this problem was to take men of talent in every western part in arts and sciences. Practically, Japan did invite many specialists in every field of modernization right after Meiji renovation. With the efforts from those foreign brains Japan had pushed on the urgent matters of modernization and further more these foreign brains had trained many other people to set Japan to have substantial independence as to become modern state. After the Meiji renovation daigaku(university), which had the administrative authority over educating fu(府) and ken(縣), has been abolished after haihanchiken(廢藩置縣) in 1871. The most important problem that the central department of educational administration confronted was to establishing the gakusei(學制) and eventually gakusei was promulgated in the next year in August 1872. In this report we will take a look at how and what kind of changes have been done in the educational system of Tokio kaisei-gakko(東京開成學校), the government high school, since 1875 through the annual report of "The calendar of the Tokio kaisei-gakko". The main reason for examining this Tokio Kaise-gakko is because this school was relatively well set school for western learning ever since the promulgation of school system in 1872, August and also Tokio Kaisei-gakko had been recognized as the predecessor School of Tokyo University which was established in April, 1877. Many researches of Tokio kaisei-gakko has been concentrated on summarizing or reporting its historical point of views, eventually it was rare to find any researches or documents only focusing on educational system of Tokio Kaisei-gakko. In this research we will be examining the characteristics of Tokio Kaisei-gakko as well as its valuable meaning over educational point of view by referring the schedule and syllabus of Tokio Kaisei-gakko.


Objective To study the effect of Tanshinone ⅡA on prolixferation and apoptosis of mouse cell line SP2/0 in vitro.Methods The cell proliferation was measured by cell counting and MTT assay.Cell apoptosis was determined by morphology and agarose gel electrophoresis methods.Results After treatment with 0.25~4.0 μg/mL TanⅡA for 72 h,the proliferation of SP2/0 cells was significantly suppressed,and the morphologic characteristics of apoptotic cells were observed under microscope,DNA ladder was presented in DNA electrophoresis.Conclusion TanⅡA can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of mouse SP2/0 cell in vitro.


Purpose The concentration of transferrin in the vitreous is known to be higher than in plasma or aqueous humor. This has been related to a local synthesis of transferrin by the ciliary body. Increased levels have been found in vitro‐retinal proliferation. A relationship between the level of transthyretin and the functional outcome has been previously reported. The purpose of the study was to look for a relation between transferrin and transthyretin.


In this study, copper indium selenide (CIS) films were deposited by pulsed electrodeposition with multi potentials to control the atomic ratio of the CIS film and improve the deposition uniformity. It was found that smaller duty cycle and pulsed period enhanced the cathodic current due to ion replenishment. The results show that the Cu/In ratio was significantly influenced by reverse voltage of pulsed electrodeposition. The uniformity of the CIS films can be improved by proper reverse voltage. The deposition rate did not decrease in direct proportion to the duty cycle because the plating current was enhanced by the pulse effect. The pulsed deposited CIS film with optimized composition show smaller grain size, smoother microstructure, and less secondary phase than constant deposited film.


We numerically study the chaotic synchronization of microresonator frequency combs. The chaotic state of microresonators could be a key factor in optical communications because the modulation instability state (chaotic) has a larger output than the soliton state (stable), which may enable us to realize a higher signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, it will allow secure communication. We show that two microresonator frequency combs in a leader-follower configuration can be synchronized in chaotic regimes. Interestingly, the follower comb synchronizes even when some longitudinal modes of the leader comb are absent. We also show that the Turing pattern comb in the follower ring becomes chaotic and synchronizes when we inject the leader's modulation instability comb.


This article provides an analytical case study of a participatory youth-led filmmaking project in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using the conceptual framework of hybridity, it critically considers whether and to what extent youth centred, participatory arts projects can facilitate the emergence of a positive hybrid peace. It reflects on three themes—solidarity; creativity as politics; and participation as norm—that speak to the opportunities and challenges encountered during the project. The analysis demonstrates that while participatory arts have the potential to induce a more emancipatory vision of peace, that, and mirroring the warnings from development studies, their effects are not a given and challenges and blockages persist.


Calculations are presented for the electric-field gradient $q$, the asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$, and the direction of the main principal axis of the electric-field-gradient (EFG) tensor, at nearest neighbors (1NN) and second neighbors (2NN) to isolated Zn, Ga, Ge, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, and Sb impurities in copper. A "size effect" contribution, proportional to the local strain about the impurity, is added in tensor fashion to the well-known "valence effect" EFG calculated by Kohn and Vosko and Blandin and Friedel. When the point-charge model is used to evaluate the size-effect EFG tensor, a nonzero asymmetry parameter becomes possible. The calculation also includes an explicit evaluation of the contribution to the EFG of the screening charge which is outside the atomic cell of the host atom being resonated. At the 1NN and 2NN sites the resulting correction to the valence-effect calculation can be as large as 40%; asymptotically, the correction is 17% (assuming $\ensuremath{\alpha}=23.3$ for the Kohn-Vosko enhancement factor). When the valence and size effects are combined, good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. Experimental $q'\mathrm{s}$ at the 2NN sites in all alloys studied are accounted for by using the parameters $\ensuremath{\alpha}=18$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\ensuremath{-}15$, where $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is the Kohn-Vosko enhancement parameter and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the EFG-strain coupling constant. These parameters also account well for $q$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ at the 1NN in alloys with the 5th-row impurities Ag, Cd, In, Sn, and Sb, but the optimal fit for the 1NN is with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=15$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\ensuremath{-}18$. The 1NN data for alloys with the 4th-row impurities Zn, Ga, and Ge can be fit with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=2$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=87$, but for no other range of the parameters. The reasons for such different values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ are not understood. However, the resulting fir for the 1NN $q$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is excellent, and the "anomalous" direction of the main principal axis in $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Ge}$ is correctly predicted.


MOOCs( Massive open online courses),as a new curriculum mode,has become a focus both at home and abroad in recent years,especially in the year of 2012,which is in sudden and rapid boom. The paper attempts to discuss the situation of development,categories,concepts,characteristics and paradigms of MOOCs and the roles of the flipping class,thus enhancing the significance of MOOCs.


Abstract After the downfall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644, parts of the Imperial family fled to the south establishing short-lived imperial regimes competing for power. The Jesuit missionaries Xavier Koffler and Michał Boym joined the court of the Emperor Yongli of the Southern Ming where in the year 1647, eventually, members of the Imperial family converted to Christianity. One of them was the Dowager-Empress Xiaozheng who adopted the Name Helena after christening. In 1650 she wrote a letter to Pope Innocent X. asking for spiritual support and help in the dynasty's struggle for survival. This letter, for the first time translated into German, and the circumstances leading to its composition will be the focal points of this article.


The competitivee advantages of Baoji is the "China Titanium City" from local to world.Based on the SWOT matrix methods,Baoji should improve the Titanium processing capacity and enhance the competitiveness of the industry,and carry out Titanium processing resources for the restructuring,integration,and push key enterprise,the scale and cluster effects forward,and increase investment in science and technology,and form suitable for China's Titanium industry systems to build internationally competitiveness of "China Titanium city",It may result success and truly make Baoji Titanium Industry become the most competitive advantages in the industry.


Mexican cities along the US-Mexico border, especially Cd. Juarez, became notorious for supposedly presenting abnormally high femicide rates that many believe are associated with the development of maquiladora industries in the region, partially as a result of the NAFTA. Nonetheless, statistical evaluation of data ranging from 1990 to 2012 shows that, after factoring in the effects of maquiladora employment and male homicide rates, femicide rates in the region, including Cd. Juarez, are consistent with rates in non-border Mexican cities where maquiladora industries are less present, and tend to fall with increased employment opportunities in maquiladoras. Femicide rates in Cd. Juarez, although high, are in most years similar to rates in Houston and Nuevo Laredo and, as a share of overall homicide rates, are lower than in most cities considered in the study. These results challenge conventional wisdom and a large share of the existing literature on the US-Mexico border femicide phenomenon.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy and materials, provided from an oil sands, oil shale oil and hydrocarbon in the preparation method of preparing a material utilization of semi-finished glass, ceramic and cement clinker or the like to achieve the process equipment. In oil sands or oil shale in accordance final finish in claim doped mix other materials, dry distillation together, in the second half of the starting material before the pyrolysis oil component at 150 ℃ ~ 650 ℃ atomization or lysed, obtaining a hydrocarbon oil upon cooling was collected; retorting various raw materials in the latter stages 650 ℃ ~ 1650 ℃ calcination reaction, generate semifinished glass, ceramic or cement clinker. Which overcomes the oil sands, oil shale and high pollution of the traditional production process, the problem of high costs; no waste is generated in the oil sands, oil shale retorting process; and to complete the oil decomposition, and other finished material generated simultaneously in the same installation, reduced energy consumption, improved resource utilization. Grading equipment they use is a horizontal rotary kiln pyrolysis.


The contact lens comprising an ionic component, temperature sensitive packaging solution and / or low ionic strength packaging solution to benefit cationic agent and packaging. .BACKGROUND


Polymer-based nanocomposites containing biocompatible and bioactive nanocomponents seem to be excellent materials that could be used in many biomedical applications. The aim of this study was biological evaluation of resorbable polymer-based nanocomposites (PLA, PCL) and their modifications with ceramic nanoparticles (silica — SiO2, montmorylonit — MMT) or carbon nanotubes. The nanocomposites were seeded with the human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells. After 1, 3 and 7 days of incubation, Trypan blue exclusion test was used to determine the viability and number of cells. The cell population density depending on incubation time and cell population doubling time was calculated. The cell proliferation abilities on the all applied nanocomposites and on control material (polystyrene cell culture plate) were also compared. The number of cells growing on the nanocomposite surfaces increased with the incubation time. The cell viability was not decreased for all applied materials during the entire study (97‐100%). The ceramic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes modified the bone cell growth and proliferation rate. Results of this study confirm that all types of the nanocomposites are appropriate to the growing and proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells.


Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers have shown good performance in polymer solar cells. Monodisperse short oligomers, monomer up to tetramer, of one of these polymers, pBBTDPP1, have been prepared and the chain length dependence of their optical and electrochemical properties has been investigated. The optical and electrochemical data obtained in solution lead to the conclusion that conjugation in this system is very limited. The most probable reason for this is a twist in the backbone, caused by steric hindrance of the dodecyl side chains with the sulfur atoms. In thin films, the chain length dependence of the optical properties is much stronger, due to planarization of the oligomer chains upon aggregation.


In modern information and communication technologies, manipulating focal length has been hot topic. Considering that the conductivity of graphene layer can effectively be tuned by purposely designing the thickness of the dielectric spacer underneath the graphene layer, a graphene-based lens with tunable focal length is proposed in this paper, and it can be used to collimate waves. The fabrication of the proposed graphene-based lens is purposed, and the performance of the lens is verified with finite-element method. The simulation results demonstrate that the graphene-based lens has excellent tunability andconfinement. At the same time, the lens exhibits low loss in certain rang and large frequency bandwidth.


Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent disorders in developed countries and heart failure is the major one among them. This disease is caused by numerous factors and one of the most considerable risk factors is unhealthy lifestyle. So the aim of this research was to study the effect of family-center empowerment model on the lifestyle of heart failure patients. Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial on 70 heart failure patients referring to Hazrate Fatemeh heart clinic in Shiraz. After convenience sampling the patients were divided into two control and intervention groups using block randomization Method. The intervention based on family-center empowerment model was performed during 5 sessions. Research tools are lifestyle and demographic information questionnaires. Results: Both intervention and control groups were similar regarding their demographic information (P>0.001). Before the intervention on lifestyle, all measures of the two groups were equal (P>0.001) but after the intervention; statistically significant differences were reported in all dimensions of lifestyle, the total lifestyle score in the intervention group was 70.09±16.38 and in the control group -6.03±16.36 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Performing the family-center empowerment model for heart failure patients is practically possible, leading to improvement or refinement of their and their families' lifestyle. Trial Registration Number: IRCT 2014072018468N3


Based on link-model, we conducted a static analysis and computation of a three-span suspended cable structure in the present paper, and obtained the static configuration and tension distribution of the cable. Using the link and beam model based on finite element method, we analyzed the vibration modal of three-span suspended cable structure, and compared with the results obtained from ANSYS using link and beam element. The vibration modals of shallow sagging inclined cables calculated from proposed method agrees well with ANSYS results, which validates the proposed method. As a result, the influence of bend stiffness on in-plane natural frequencies is much greater than that on out-of-plane natural frequencies of inclined cables.


Objective To prepare experimental component according to the real teeth for fatigue measurement.Methods On the basis of standard dimension of Chinese teeth and the requirement of abutment preparation for porcelain fused to metal (PFM),the abutment models of crown and fixed bridge were developed in this study.Corresponding PFM prostheses were manufactured in accordance with them.Results Experimental components according with the request were developed.The PFM prostheses for test were also prepared.Conclusion By using this means,the experimental component may simulate the real prostheses in mouth well,and meet the requirement of fatigue measurement.


Abstract In "The People v. Larry Flynt," Milos Forman offers a sympathetic rendition of the many legal woes of Larry Flynt. While this movie was a financial disappointment, it remains worthy of scholarly attention as it contributes to an informed understanding of the complex relationship between popular culture and the freedom of expression.


In philosophy perspective, hermeneutic is an philosophy branch exploring basic thing of understanding of something; that is aimed at are: texts (official documents), ancient literatures, norms, occasions, thoughts and divine as the objects of its interpretation. Thus, if the objects are legal texts, doctrines, principles, norms, the essence is legal hermeneutic. The relevance of the legal method is through legal hermeneutic based on research findings can be concluded: firstly, it can be understood as interpretation method or legal texts or the method of understanding on a normative document. Secondly, it is also having great impact or relevance with "legal findings' theories". Legal Hermeneutic in Legal Research Method


The understanding of the mechanisms and processes taking place during the production of metal matrix composites, especially of in situ produced composites, is of crucial importance for the properties of the composite. An analytical solution of the equations governing the kinetics of diffusion-controlled precipitation of TiB2 is proposed. The solution allows to predict the concentration profiles and the volume fraction distribution of the reinforcements that are in situ formed along the specimen. The influence of the physicochemical parameters is also taken into account in the proposed solution.


Data gathering and information processing have evolved to where it is almost unfathomable how much exists in digital form today. The generation thereof also no longer involves an explicit instruction from human to machine but can happen in real-time without human intervention. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cognitive computing are being utilized to mine data from a variety of sources. One such (profitable) source is human beings. Digital algorithms are designed to harness the power of technology to gather information. There has always been a sense of secrecy regarding some information (classified, top secret, confidential, etc.) but the Fourth Industrial Revolution has created the means to gather extremely large amounts of data, unknown to its sources. Anthropological value systems should become a fundamental foundation of digital algorithms. Such an approach could prevent software from exploiting its sources, especially minorities. Value systems together with ethics are guided by people's culture. In ethically aligned algorithm design, value systems and digital technologies intersect and govern how algorithms are developed, the way data is engaged, and further the discipline of digital humanities.


The paper reviews progress made and presented at the 11th International Conference on alkali-aggregate reactivity in concrete, Quebec city, Canada, June 2000.


Abstract Let Π be an open period annulus of a plane analytic vector field X0. We prove that the maximal number of limit cycles which bifurcate from Π under a given multi-parameter analytic deformation Xλ of X0 is the same as in an appropriate one-parameter analytic deformation Xλ(ε), provided that this cyclicity is finite. Along the same lines, we also give a bound for the cyclicity of homoclinic saddle loops.


The paper points out that after the establishment of new China,in the process of changing from planning economy to market economy Chinese city planning theory has been impacted greatly by western city planning theory and other related discipline theory,tries to view the current situation of Chinese city planning theory under the influences of two "invasion and supersedure" from point of history,based on the analysis of it,provides some thinking on building city planning theory with Chinese characteristics.


A number of results are refined in the integro-local central limit theorem in the case of sums of independent nonlattice random vectors.


Publications of Jehovah's Witnesses contain numerous references to the vision of the end of the world which they preach. The doctrine of the Organization belongs to millenarian stream and proclaims that the Kingdom of God began in 1914, when Jesus ascended the throne. Mankind, according to the Watch Tower, is living "the last days". The current situation in the world indicates that humanity should expect "great slaughter of Armageddon". 144 000 anointed will watch Armageddon from the "new heaven" and they will oversee the works carried out on the "new earth". After the Millennial Day of Judgment, Jehovah will release Satan and his demons who will put humanity to the proof. At the end the death will be destroyed. God, people and animals will be experiencing the joyful communion for eternity. This article does not claim the right to interfaith controversy or apology for any Christian confession, but it merely attempts to comprehensively analyse the postapocalyptic world taught by Jehovah's Witnesses.


The USB interface has become one of the standard interfaces in real-time monitor and on-site debugging equipments.After comparied several methods to realize USB interface,FPGA and the USB chip of CH372 were chosen to realize the USB communication.This FPGA as the main chip,the controller was designed for CH372.The working principles and the state machine of the controller were discussed to meet the requirements of CH372's timing and command input.Finally,the experimental platform was set up to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the program.


Abstract Oligothymidilates with repeating inserts of 1-(β-D-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoropentafuranosyl) uracil(fU),1-(β-D-2′-deoxy-threo-pentafuranosyl) thymine(xT) an d α-oligodeoxyribonucleotide α(G2T12G2) were synthesized. Hybrid duplexes were obtained to study the physico-chemical properties (melting curves, CD-spectra) and the interaction with E. coli ribonuclease H. It was found that the modified hybrid duplex prA18/TT(fUTT)6 did not bind the enzyme, the modified hybrid duplex prA18/(xTTT)6 inhibited oligoriboadenylate cleavage by RNase H in hybrid duplexes prA18/(G2T20) and prA14/T16 as well as the modified hybrid duplex prA14/α(G2T12G2).


The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference exists in the relationship between measures of muscle size and strength among elite bodybuilders, powerlifters, and Olympic weightlifters. Fifteen male subjects between the ages of 16 and 48 years participated in the study. All three subject groups, Olympic weightlifters (OWL, n=5), powerlifters (PL, n=5), and bodybuilders (BB, n=5), were highly trained and currently involved in competition training. All test subjects were of similar body weight and weighed between 76-96 kilograms. Measures of body weight, body composition (bioelectrical impedence ), shoulder width, thigh circumference (proximal, distal, and mid-thigh), and thigh skinfold thickness were performed on all three subject groups. The barbell back squat exercise was used to measure one repetition maximum (lRM) squat strength. Stance width, bar placement, and squat depth were controlled so that all subjects performed the exercise in a similar manner. All measures of thigh size were compared to measures of IRM squat strength. Comparisons among the groups were performed using ANOV A with significant omnibus results followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoe. Pearson Product Moment Correlations were performed to determine if a correlation existed between measures of thigh muscle size and IRM squat strength. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in thigh muscle area (TMA) (p=.44)


Intestinal immunoglobulins and antibodies in the local immune response to E. coli O somatic antigens have been studied in young fistulated pigs. Antibody levels in intestinal secretion were raised for approximately 2–3 weeks following a single local antigenic challenge with a heat-killed aqueous suspension of E. coli. A second challenge provoked a similar response suggesting a lack of immunological memory.

Antibody activity in the secretions was predominantly associated with IgA and immunofluorescent studies of biopsy specimens from young fistulated animals indicated that intestinal synthesis and secretion of IgA had commenced by the 10th day of life. Studies of piglets reared with the sow indicated that oral immunization with E. coli antigen after 10 days of age stimulated intestinal antibody secretion before weaning at 3 weeks.

The response of gnotobiotic pigs to oral immunization and infection was evaluated by immunofluorescent histology of the intestinal mucosa. Repeated oral administration of heat-killed E. coli O8 resulted in an immunocyte response in the lamina propria numerically comparable with that produced by infection with the live organism. The early response was dominated by cells of the IgM class whereas after 3 weeks IgA cells predominated. In the germ-free animal very few immunoglobulin-containing cells were detected.

In vitro studies of antibacterial activity indicated that the most probable mechanism of immunological control in the alimentary tract is bacteriostasis.


During the austral summers 1993–1994 and 1997–1998 the Finnish geophysical subgroup in expedition teams 'Finnarp 93/94 and 97/98' carried out geophysical and geodetic investigations in Western Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The area studied belongs to the Vestfjella mountains near the Finnish base station Aboa (73o03'S, 13o25'W). The aim of the geophysical and geodetic measurements was to study the characteristics of ice, permafrost and bedrock geology between the nunataks. In this study is given results of the geophysical and glaciological investigations on a ca. 38 km long profile between nunataks Basen and Fossilryggen. Using gravity and magnetic methods connected with petrophysical data we interpreted litholocigal variations in bedrock on nunataks and under continental ice. Using electromagnetic sounding methods we obtained information of conductivity variations in the ice and underlying bedrock. When permafrost is present in bedrock, its geometry can be determined by defining the depth variations of the conductive layer of saline waters enriched below permafrost. These measurements can further be used for estimating temperature variations in bedrock and ice. The velocity vectors of the ice were determined using high precision differential GPS. The measurements were executed with ca. 1 km intervals in the beginning and in the end of the expedition, time interval being 33–39 days between the measurements. The depth of the ice was determined by gravity interpretation and by radio echo sounding. The GPS measurements reveal that the velocity of the ice in the profile varies from ca. 0 to 27 m/a. When considering the velocities versus ice thickness it can be seen that there is an approximately linear positive correlation with the parameters between thicknesses of ca. 400–900 metres. That means that the increase of velocity versus increase of depth (dv/dz) is approximately constant below depths of ca. 400 meters. Moreover, variations of stake lengths and upper surface of ice during the field season give estimations of ice consolidation and evaporation.


In March 2000, The European Council of Lisbon established a new strategic goal and a Global strategy for the European Union – The Lisbon Strategy – aiming toward: i) an economy and society based on knowledge through applying better policies in the domain of the information society and R&D; ii) modernising the European social model, investing in people and combating social exclusion; iii) sustaining healthy economic perspectives and favourable predictions for growth, applying a suitable combination of macroeconomic policies. With this strategy in view, an "open method of coordination" was developed in this Council with a goal of spreading the best practices and favouring a greater convergence with regard to the main objectives of the EU. In essence, it is a way of organising a learning process at the European level with a view of helping Member States improving their national policies, encouraging a real convergence in the EU, and reassessing policies of economic and social cohesion. Therefore, this document constitutes the Portuguese contribution to benchmarking (as quantitative as possible) of the impact of immigration on society, with special emphasis on demographic, social, economic, cultural and political areas. The principal types of statistical information used in this study and which run through all the chapters are: i) Data from Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF), a subordinate organisation of the Ministry of Internal Administration: Statistical Reports (annual) on foreigners in a legal situation-Residence or stay (permanence) permits. ii) Data from National Institute of Statistics (INE), an organisation patronised by the Council of Ministers: Population Census (every 10 years) of the number of 3 foreigners who, at the time of the Census, have been residing in Portugal for at least a year, and Demographic Statistics (annual) on births by nationality of the parents. iii) Data from several other public institutions, as mentioned along the text, with reference to the respective website if available. iv) Data from political parties, trade unions and associations and the experiences they lived as a way of inclusion. v) Data from national bibliography, as mentioned in the end of the study. vi) Surveys and personal interviews to members of political parties, trade unions, associations, town halls and parishes. Different data about the same topic along the study is the result of methodological differences of sources. The research option was to bring to this study the main national sources of information regardless its own methodologies. Reality should be somewhere …


Nowadays,tower cranes are widely used in the various construction sites,and the accident rate is correspondingly increasing year by year.In order to accurately monitor the working data,this paper adopts the wireless communication technology called general packet radio service(GPRS),using the GPRS modules to transmit the GPS data and other data to the server.It can make a remote monitoring to the tower crane's working data and other information.The test shows that,the whole system is very stable.And through the analysis of the historical data,we can effectively lenrn the cause of the accidents,then reduce the accident rate by taking corresponding methods.


This project utilized stochastic network models to predict an economy's susceptibility to the financial contagion that was the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Economic interdependency was based solely on bilateral volumes of trade among eleven national economies that were affected by the crisis, and structural susceptibility was determined by the size of each economy. Two models, one based on imports and the other based on exports, were tested against observed economic trends. The analysis found no statistically significant difference in the correlations of the models against observed exchange rates of national currencies to the US dollar. Further, these high linear correlation coefficients in themselves suggest that stochastic models are practically robust in modeling financial crises. This corroborates the hypothesis that the percolation of the Asian financial crisis, at least in its early stage before IMF intervention on a large scale, was driven primarily through pure network interdependency as opposed to other extraneous factors. It is widely accepted that the decision to float the Thai baht (THB) from its peg to the United States dollar (USD) in July 1997 was the catalyst to the Asian financial crisis. As a result, the baht became dramatically devalued immediately, and the crisis quickly spread to Thailand's trading partners in the fashion of a financial contagion. Currencies came under speculative attack as investor confidence plummeted; by October, devaluations vis-à-vis the USD averaged 20%-30% in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines (Karunatilleka 10). Within this paper, it is important to note that the definition of financial contagion is a matter of some debate. Contagion is sometimes defined as "a significant increase in cross-market linkages after a shock to one country." Others neglect cross-market linkages, instead arguing that contagion describes any situation in which a shock is transmitted from one country to another. The latter definition is the one that will be used in this paper. (Forbes and Rigobon 2002). In this paper, we will attempt to use a stochastic model to track the likelihood of spread of the crisis. Classical susceptibleinfected models use differential equations to approximate the expected proportion of a population affected by an infectious disease at a time. Such methods make the assumption that the probabilities that an interaction occurs and that the disease is transmitted are constant and invariant over an entire population. Though they often prove reliable in non-human networks, the fact that some interactions


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the different types of risks affecting the demand for the automotive sector in India. The study is further trying to illustrate an approach for analyzing the relative intensities of these risks in the present uncertain business environment.Design/methodology/approachRisk on the overall demand is assessed by a combined Bayesian – multi-criteria decision-making approach. Data related to the different factors, affecting their product demand is collected from major automobile firms. Then, weights for these factors are evaluated by applying the analytic hierarchy process approach. Further, these weights are used in the Bayesian analysis network to evaluate the risk intensity for different subgroups, namely, political, economic, social, technological and environmental.FindingsFrom the literature and experts' opinion, total 16 risk factors have been finalized and these are further grouped into 5 categories i.e. political, economic, social, technological and environmental. It is observed that the demand for organizations functioning in the automotive sector is more vulnerable to economic risk as compared to other risks considered in the study.Practical implicationsManagers and decision makers of associated organizations can use the proposed framework to assess the demand risks so as to pre-evaluate their demand corresponding to future changes. Factors can be added or removed and importance could be assigned to different risk factors according to the prevailing business environment for an organization or sector. This will also help the organizations to conduct a more effective risk management in an uncertain business environment.Originality/valueThe study will help in better understanding of the various demand risks prevalent in the Indian auto sector. The methodology used, provides a novel approach for assessing the macroeconomic demand risks and can be used by the firms working in the automotive sector. The proposed methodology could be used for assessing supply chain risk or any other business initiative risk. The suggested approach will help managers in devising flexible management techniques so as to mitigate the risk.


Based on the structure of transport steam,this paper presented a transport stream identification approach with characteristic abstraction which adopts the quantity of transport stream packets and specific byte between transport stream packets loaded with the header of packed elementary stream as characteristic parameter,and uses present time stamps as synchronization of characteristic parameter, then transmits these parameters via local area network.The fundamental function of the system was realized on the computer platform finally.The simulation results demonstrate that this approach is much convenient and efficient,compared with one bit to one bit verification approach.


People are faced with numerous decisions every day. Whether we must choose our outfit for the day, which cell phone brand to buy, what college to attend, to buy a car or house insurance, or even when or to whom to get married, decisions are a permanent presence in our daily activities. Behavioral economics is a multi-disciplinary field of study investigating how people make judgments and decisions (Camerer and Loewenstein, 2004; Heilman, 2014). Even though, from a historic point of view, behavioral economics is considered to be a relatively young field of research, the large number of studies that were undertaken and their theoretical and practical implications have made the field of behavioral economics increasingly visible among scholars. More importantly, they have also facilitated contexts to transform behavioral results into social policy programs. Starting in 2010, the UK government launched the Behavioral Insights Team, also known as The Nudge Unit, which was then followed by the Social and Behavioral Sciences Team (SBST), established by the Obama administration in 2014. Both teams aim to apply behavioral sciences, including behavioral economics, in governmental programs in order to increase people's quality of life at lower costs. The efforts of the Nudge Unit and the SBST or other agencies and individual researchers who are trying to improve people's overall quality of life should be supported by the research community through relevant scientific projects and by constantly finding new ways to capitalize research derived knowledge for the general use of a community.


There are many practical motivations for studying Scorpaenidae, which are among the world's most dangerous venomous fish in tropical waters, especially in the Persian Gulf, because they are biologically very active and therefore researchable.They are useful for biomedical medicines or the drugs and biological products. Second, such biotoxins have significant negative or repulsive effects on living organisms in marine communities. A large number of marine organisms with such biotoxins pose a serious threat to humans.To conduct this study, which was carry out from May to March 2019, 200 black spotted fish (Faryaleh) (Synanceia) were caught from the Persian Gulf and In the laboratory, after extracting the toxin, purification, protein measurement and LD50 determination were performed as the most basic information for the initial examination of the venom of this species of fish (as the aim of this study). The results of these studies showed that Persian Gulf black spot stone fish (Synanceia) poison is one of the most dangerous poisons for human health and hygiene with LD50 equal to 185 and protein percentage is 2.272 mg/ml.


White dwarfs are one of the few types of stellar object for which we have yet to confirm the existence of companion planets. Recent evidence for metal contaminated atmospheres, circumstellar debris discs, and transiting planetary debris all indicates that planets may be likely. However, white dwarf transit surveys are challenging due to the intrinsic faintness of such objects, the short time-scale of the transits, and the low transit probabilities due to their compact radii. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) offers a remedy to these problems as a deep, half-sky survey with fast exposures encompassing approximately 10 million white dwarfs with r < 24.5 apparent magnitude (mr). We simulate LSST photometric observations of 3.5 million white dwarfs over a 10 yr period and calculate the detectability of companion planets with P < 10 d via transits. We find typical detection rates in the range of 5 × 10−6 to 4 × 10−4 for Ceres-sized bodies to Earth-sized worlds, yielding ∼50–$4000$ detections for a 100 per cent occurrence rate of each. For terrestrial planets in the continuously habitable zone, we find detection rates of ∼10−3 indicating that LSST would reveal hundreds of such worlds for occurrence rates in the range of 1–10 per cent.


This paper presents the construction of a traffic system model which we call the mathematical analogue traffic system MATS. This is built from analogue wall clock with the combination of bulbs, electric wire for connection and battery to generate power to the system. The paper is basically on Traffic light, how it operates and the mathematical model behind it. The analogue traffic systems shall be applied to traffic problems of different kinds to find their solutions.


Editor's note. The text below is the first authorized English translation, by Mary Louise Wardle (University of Rome 'La Sapienza'), of Umberto Eco's introduction to his Italian version of Raymond Queneau's Exercices de style (Esercizi di stile, pp. v-xix, published by Einaudi (Turin) in 1983). The Italian edition is bilingual, Queneau's and Eco's texts appearing respectively on the leftand the right-hand page. Further bibliographical information is provided by Eco in section 1. The three numbered footnotes (not followed by an asterisk) in that section are translated from the original version (pp. vi-vii); all frames (i.e. material in boxes) as well as references and numbered footnotes followed by an asterisk are mine. While the essay was originally not written as a discussion on humour translation per se, sections 2-4 may undoubtedly stimulate research on the relation between rhetoric (as defined in Eco's essay), humour and translation. In this regard, some exploratory questions are raised in my Introduction to this volume.


High performance computing (HPC) is becoming mandatory for the simulation of complex and realistic neuronal models. The development of such realistic models will allow to discover innovative therapies and to study brain diseases without undertaking invasive experiments that are not always possible. However, the models complexity requires adopting suitable technologies in order to provide results in short times, hopefully in real-time. To address this issue, the authors decided to exploit Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) in order to develop a realistic and morphologically detailed Purkinje cell model. This paper describes the simulation of the Purkinje cell activity adopting both single and multi-GPU strategy, together with the exploitation of different NVIDIA architectures. Results shows that the simulation times of 10000 cells is reduced from 13 days and 18 hours to about 2 hours.


Abstract Objective To investigate the association of regional fat depots with metabolic risk factors in Chinese women. Design Total and regional fat depots including android fat and gynoid fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Central fat distribution was defined as android:gynoid fat ratio. Metabolic risk factors were defined as elevated TAG, reduced HDL-cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of regional fat depots with metabolic risk factors. The odds ratios of metabolic risks were further calculated according to tertiles of android fat and gynoid fat. Setting Participants were recruited from a community-based cross-sectional study. Face-to-face questionnaires, anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures were conducted. Subjects Chinese women (n 609) aged 18–79 years. Results Android fat and android:gynoid fat ratio were associated with significantly increased odds (OR = 1·4–3·7; P < 0·01) for almost all risk factors, whereas gynoid fat was independently associated with significantly decreased odds (OR = 0·3–0·6; P < 0·01). The inverse associations of gynoid fat with metabolic risk factors remained after adjusting for android fat. Even if their android fat level was in high, women in the highest tertile of gynoid fat had lower odds of having at least two metabolic risk factors compared with women in the lowest gynoid fat tertile (P for trend < 0·01). Conclusions There were opposite associations of android and gynoid fat with metabolic risks in Chinese women. Gynoid fat rather than android fat might be a more important inclusion in metabolic disease risk evaluation in female Asians.


Excerpt] A group of U.S. trade unionists visited with striking workers at a thread plant in Guatemala in 1987, and came away committed to building solidarity between workers in the two countries, as well as promoting U.S. awareness of the repression faced by Guatemalan trade unionists. These activists formed the U.S./Guatemala Labor Education Project (U.S./GLEP) to pursue both these goals.


An increasing number of substances are known to exert a neuromuscular blocking action either in a curare-like or a decamethonium-like manner. The criteria for distinguishing these modes of action have been considered by Burns and Paton (1951). Other substances, such as procaine (Jaco and Wood, 1944) and botulinum toxin (Burgen, Dickens, and Zatman, 1949), cause paralysis by interfering with the release of acetylcholine at the motor end-plate. The purpose of this report is to describe the activity of two ethylenediamines on neuromuscular transmission and on striated muscle. Both are weak antihistamine and anti-adrenaline agents, potent local anaesthetics, and central stimulants (Tonks, 1953). They are N'-benzyl-N'-2-naphthylN-dimethylethylenediamine (T3) and the N'ethyl derivative (T7). Their formulae are C10H7.N'R.(CH2)2.N(CH3)2 where R is benzyl (C6H5.CH2-) in T3 and ethyl in T7. Their synthesis has been reported by Chapman, James, and Williams (1952).


In this work, four radiators with different core geometries were tested using a wind tunnel. The values of the global heat transfer coefficient (UA = 5 ÷ 65 W/K) were measured depending on the flow of air and water. The obtained UA values correlate well with the data of sorption experiments described in the literature. The found correlations between the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers made it possible to propose an algorithm for ranging commercial air radiators for the use in adsorption heat transformers. It is shown that the use of a wind tunnel can serve as an effective tool for express assessment of the prospects of using air radiators for adsorption heat conversion without destroying radiators or their direct testing in a complex adsorption installation requiring vacuum maintenance.


Abstract The larvae of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Heterocarpus fascirostratus Yang, Chan & Kumar, 2018 were successfully hatched and cultured to the third zoeal stage. The larvae reached the third zoeal stage nine days after hatching at a water temperature of 21 ± 1 °C. Although members of Heterocarpus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 have rather diverse body forms and are often separated into many species groups, the early zoeal morphology of H. fascirostratus follows the general developmental pattern of the species in Heterocarpus. The main differences amongst these larvae are body size, spines on the anteroventral margin of the carapace, and the endopod setation of the third maxilliped.


We employ a combination of optical and electron-beam lithography to create an atom chip combining submicron wire structures with larger conventional wires on a single substrate. The multilayer fabrication enables crossed wire configurations, greatly enhancing the flexibility in designing potentials for ultracold quantum gases and Bose–Einstein condensates. Large current densities of >6×107A∕cm2 and high voltages of up to 65V across 0.3μm gaps are supported by even the smallest wire structures. We experimentally demonstrate the flexibility of the next generation atom chip by producing Bose–Einstein condensates in magnetic traps created by a combination of wires involving all different fabrication methods and structure sizes.


Strict Liability Under California Law Is Not Available as a Means to Obtain Relief for Property Damage Resulting from a Defective Aircraft Part Whenever an Airline and an A ircraft Manufacturer Negotiate a Contract of Sale from Positions of Relatively Equal Economic Strength


Drawing upon the behavioral integrity theory (Simons, 2002), the authors explain how leaders' consistent social cues facilitate employee creativity. Specifically, the authors propose that leader behavioral integrity – perceived word-deed alignment – motivates coworkers to share knowledge, which in turn fosters employee creativity. The authors found support for this hypothesis in a study using data from 187 employee–manager dyads in South Korea. The findings emphasize that leaders need to establish the social contexts necessary for employee creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


We study the zero temperature conductance and magnetoconductance of ballistic $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junctions in Weyl semimetals. Electron transport is mediated by Klein tunneling between the $n$ and $p$ regions. The chiral anomaly that is realized in Weyl semimetals plays a crucial role in the magnetoconductance of the junction. With the exception of field orientations where the angle between $\mathbf{B}$ and the junction plane is small, magnetoconductance is positive and linear in $B$ at both weak and strong magnetic fields. In contrast, magnetoconductance in conventional $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junctions is always negative.


The article deals with the use of metallurgical slag, which served as insulation in the floors of residential buildings, as a secondary technogenic raw materials. The principal possibility of creating components from it for reaction powder concrete using the method of Mechanochemistry has been shown.


Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we have systematically studied the geometric and electronic properties of a C60 molecule adsorbed on a diamond (1 0 0)-2 × 1 surface. The results show that the C60 molecule is energetically favored when adsorbed on both trench sites over four dimers (T4) and row sites over two dimers (R2) and the most energetically favored adsorption configuration is that in which a hexagon ring of C60 binds to a dimer of the row sites (R1), i.e. R1(e), which has a very large distortion forming three pores with a maximum opening width of 3.84 Å. According to our simulations, we found that the adsorption properties are closely related to the local structure of C60 around the binding sites, the geometric deformations of C60 and the substrate, and the number of dangling bonds on the substrate. The calculated electronic structures of some stable adsorption configurations further reveal that by altering the orientation of the adsorbed C60 molecule on the diamond (1 0 0) surface the system with semiconductor properties may turn into one with metallic characteristics.


Gauging the efficacy of safety net programs requires a good understanding of how the interactions between them affect the total benefits and costs of any given policy change. This paper investigates the interactions between health and nutritional assistance programs such as Medicaid, SNAP, WIC, and school lunch programs. Since 1999, states have been given much more flexibility to operate SNAP, and many states have expanded eligibility to include households with income and resources above the existing federal limits for SNAP. Exploiting this variation in SNAP eligibility across states and over time, I find strong evidence of program interactions: when a state moves from the federal rule to the most extensive SNAP eligibility rule, enrollment in free school lunch increases by 4 percentage points. I estimate that the federal government spends an additional 37 cents on the school lunch program for each dollar spent on SNAP due to the expansion. However, expanded eligibility for SNAP leads to a significant decrease in private insurance coverage for both adults and children, which is not fully explained by an increase in Medicaid enrollment. Exploring potential channels through which SNAP expansions affect participation in other safety net programs, I find evidence that automatic eligibility, and a reduction in employment, play a role in program interactions.


This paper investigates the energy efficiency potential of continuously controllable clutches between the motors and links of robot joints. Inspired by biological muscles, the clutch enables free, purely gravity driven robot link motion phases gradually disengaged from gear friction, not requiring motor effort. The concept combines the energetic benefits of direct drives during unforced motion phases with the high torque density of conventional and mature geared robotic drive technology during forced motion phases. The paper specifies the general functional principle of the clutch for energy saving independent of any particular clutch implementation. The feasible energy saving of up to 60 % is investigated for harmonic link motions with varying frequencies and with respect to different ratios of link weight to friction torque. The outcomes of the theoretical investigations are supported by first experimental results.


Nine rabbits were splenectomized, the operative procedure being done as simply and rapidly as possible. Ether anesthesia was used in all cases. Initial blood samples were taken from the ear vein of each rabbit the day before operation and were analyzed for total blood pigment and oxygen capacity by the Van Slyke carbon monoxide method. 1 In all of these initial samples the agreement between the total and the oxygen carrying hemoglobin was within the limits of experimental error. A spectrophotometric analysis of each sample was also made. The rabbits were bled from the ear daily for three, four, or five days after operation and the blood samples analyzed as before. In every instance it was found that the oxygen capacity dropped below the total pigment, in most cases showing a maximum deviation of 10 to 15 per cent of the total pigment on the second day and returning to the same value as the total hemoglobin on the third or fourth day after operation. It was first thought that the discrepancy between the oxygen carrying pigment and the total hemoglobin content might be due to the presence of methemoglobin. The results of the work with the spectrophotometer did not substantiate this idea, however, as the ratios obtained for the light absorption at two given wave lengths (A = 5400 and A = 5600) are entirely different from those obtained in solutions of known methemoglobin content. Further work is necessary before any statement can be made as to the nature of this reduced oxygen carrying power. Such work is now in progress. As a control a laparotomy without the removal of the spleen was performed on one rabbit. There was no discrepancy found between total and oxygen bearing pigments.


Service oriented architecture organizes services in a provider-centric manner and discovers services in a centralized register mechanism,which brings a critical problem that more services come to being more complex and difficult the service discovery and subscription become.A two-layered agent based model for semantic service discover in P2P environment is proposed in this paper to address the problem.The model implements semantic service discovery through two-layered agent mechanism and provides QoS negotiation mechanism.Experiments indicate the model has a high recall rate and precision rate.


We have been designing the concept of Phobos/Deimos mission using the Japanese H-2 rocket as a first step in asteroid exploration. In planning the mission concept, we focused on development of methods to characterize the materials of Phobos/Deimos. The development of such methods will contribute to both scientific and resource explorations of asteroids. Here we report the preliminary concept of the mission.


For the investigation of conserved regions in lipase genes, 132 and 24 sequences were obtained from LED (Lipase Engineering Database) and COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins), respectively. There was high diversity in lipase genes and peculiar amino acid sequences were conserved for each homologous family of LED. Similar conserved amino acid sequences were detected from COG0657 and Moraxella lipase 1 homologous group of LED. Although many studies have attempted to detect new lipase genes in procaryotes, they have been limited culturable bacteria. The importance of metagenome, including DNA from non-culturable bacteria, is known. Due to the high diversity, we assumed it might be possible to detect new lipase gene from metagenome. Due to the high diversity of nucleotide sequences in lipase genes, 10 primer sets were designed. Designed primer sets were inspected in BLAST of NCBI and they could amplify a part of the lipase gene from 222 to 713 bp. They can amplify 16.7%~60.0% of each lipase homologous group which was 3.6 fold higher than each sets. They might offer a high probability of detecting new lipase genes, owing to high efficiency and the diversity of lipase genes.


We present a method to infer heavy ion concentration ratios from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave observations that result from ion‐ion hybrid (IIH) resonance. A key feature of the IIH resonance is the concentration of wave energy in a field‐aligned resonant mode that exhibits linear polarization. These mode‐converted waves at the IIH resonance are localized at the location where the frequency of a compressional wave driver matches the IIH resonance condition, which depends sensitively on the heavy ion concentration. This dependence makes it possible to estimate the heavy ion concentration ratio. In this paper, we evaluate the absorption coefficients at the IIH resonance at Earth's geosynchronous orbit for variable concentrations of He+ and wave frequencies using a dipole magnetic field model. We find that the resonance only occurs over a limited range of wave frequency such that the IIH resonance frequency is close to but not exactly the same as the crossover frequency. Using the wave absorption and EMIC waves observed from the GOES 12 satellite, we demonstrate how this technique can be used to estimate the He+ concentration of around 4% near L = 6.6 assuming electron‐H+‐He+ plasma.


In the previous papers of this series, we developed an analytical method describing the generation of longitudinal tube waves in stellar convection zones and used it to compute the wave energy spectra and fluxes for late-type stars with the solar metal abundance (Population I). We now extend these calculations to Population II stars with effective temperatures ranging from Teff = 2500 to 10,000 K, gravities log g = 3-5, and with three different metal abundances: 1/10, 1/100, and 1/1000 of solar metallicity. The obtained results are valid for a single magnetic flux, and they show that the effects of metallicity are important only for cool stars with Teff < 6000 K and that the amount of the generated wave energy decreases roughly by an order of magnitude for every decrease of the metallicity by an order of magnitude. The maximum wave energy flux generated in Population II stars is 7 × 108 ergs cm-2 s-1, and it is practically the same for stars of different gravities and metallicities. The computed spectra and fluxes can be used to construct theoretical models of magnetic regions in chromospheres of Population II stars.


This work is part of the evaluation of the antidiabetic properties and effect of the extracts of Zygophyllum geslini on α-amylase activity in order to correct the phenomenon of postprandial hyperglycemia. There is no scientific study on the medicinal property of this antidiabetic herb. We are interested in studying the antidiabetic and in particular inhibitory activity of the α-amylase of the Zygophyllum geslini aqueous crude extract and its fractions, butanol fraction1, aqueous fraction1 and the aqueous heptanic fraction. The results show an inhibitory activity of α-amylase of the various extracts studied in the plant, but with various IC50 values. The aqueous extract of this plant possesses the most potent inhibitory action compared to the other extracts (IC50 = 0.37mg/ml) due probably to its composition in natural compounds. This effect is followed by that of the butanol fraction 1, the aqueous heptane fraction and the aqueous fraction In conclusion, the obtained results show an inhibitory effect of Zygophyllum geslini on alpha-amylase.


The research aims to determine the relationship between financial deepening and income inequality in Indonesia. This research applied vector error correction model analysis by using time series data to show the long-term and short-term relationship between financial deepening indicators and income inequality. The research utilizes quarter time-series data from 2000 to 2016. The findings show that the higher ratio of money supply to GDP will increase income inequality in the long run. The development of the stock market has a positive impact on people in higher economic level so it increases the income inequality in the short run, while in the long run, a better financial market will reduce income inequality because all levels of economy can enjoy the benefit of its development. The ratio of private sector credit to GDP has a negative impact on the Gini ratio only in the short run. It can be concluded that financial deepening significantly affects the Gini ratio in Indonesia but government must decide which part of the financial deepening needs to be triggered in short run or which one in long run to improve income equality because better income equality will promote economic growth and welfare.


It seems likely that improvements in drilling mechanics will result from an understanding of the stress and strain fields in the rock. Along with this an understanding of rock fracture under the appropriate conditions is required. The stress fields in drilling are characterized by high spatial gradients of stress, and the stress gradients are known to interact with rock fracture properties. The present investigation is concerned with quantifying the stress gradient effect on fracture. Laboratory tests were performed on a variety of specimen configurations for three brittle rocks. A very strong effect of stress gradient was found, indicating an apparent elevation of fracture strength with increasing stress gradient. A correlation was shown with a critically stressed distance concept. 15 references, 10 figures, 4 tables.


A strain of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), collected from cotton fields in Yuma, Ariz., was found to be resistant to permethrin. The strain was then selected in the laboratory to increase the level ofhomogenity for mode-of-inheritance studies. The lines obtained for the reciprocal F1 hybrid progeny indicated that inheritance ofpermethrin resistance was autosomal and that there were no maternal effects. Degree of dominance (D) was estimated to be 0.37 and 0.31 for the two reciprocal F1 generations, S♀ × R♂ and R♀ × S♂, respectively, indicating that resistance is conferred by incompletely dominant gene(s). Chi-square analysis of responses of backcross progeny suggested that resistance was conferred by a major gene under the influence of minor gene(s).


The basic principle and its software implement of sine pulse-width-modulation (SPWM) based on a motor control digital signal processor(DSP)--ADMC401 in packaging automation was introduced in detail. Experimental results show that the digital control system meets real-time requirement of SPWM.


Sectioned and formed roast beef, vacuum mixed and heat processed in either retortable pouches or cans, had a lower cook yield than its nonvacuum mixed counterpart. Vacuum mixing had no significant influence on increasing particle-to-particle cohesion (binding strength). Sectioned and formed roast beef cooked in retortable pouches at 121°C (Fo= 6.0) had a higher cook yield and binding strength than product processed at 110°C (Fo= 6.0). Processing the canned product at 121°C (Fo= 6.0) as opposed to 110°C (Fo= 6.0) resulted in no improvement of cook yield or binding strength. Overall, product processed in retortable pouches had a higher binding strength, but a lower cook yield than product processed in cans.


Using a prospective design, we assessed whether ambivalence toward sexual activity is associated with decreased condom use. Undergraduates predicted whether they would have intercourse and use condoms in the next week. A week later, they reported their sexual and contraceptive behavior. Among 65 individuals who had intercourse and planned to use condoms, ambivalence toward sexual activity was negatively associated with condom use. Moreover, whether intercourse was planned mediated the relationship between ambivalence and condom use, such that ambivalence was negatively associated with accuracy in planning sex, and unplanned sex was less likely to be protected. Individuals who are ambivalent about sex may intend to use condoms, but fail to do so because they cannot predict when they will have intercourse.


The business environment, increasingly competitive, is requiring companies to search for new strategies and tools that enhance their intangibles. Among these tools, sport marketing has been highlighted as an opportunity for achievement and maintenance of customers, because companies have realized that the union of their brand with the sport generates positive results for your image. Thus, this study sought to identify how sponsorship actions in sport events contribute for the brand building and valuation of its brand equity. The methodology consisted of a case study, with the object of analysis the sporting event Corrida Rustica Cidade Carinho, which takes place annually in Uba-MG. As a method of data collection, it was used the personal interview, which was conducted with five managers, representatives of the sponsors of this event. As a summary of the data collected, we can conclude that only a sponsor presented strategic elements in their responses, while other sponsors do not view sport sponsorship as a planned action. The analysis of the responses showed that these investments were originated by different issues that do not relate to the image of the organization, the relationship with the costumers or commercialization. Therefore, we can conclude that the decisions of executive projects related to sport sponsorship, are more linked to philanthropy not characterizing an action intended or planned.


Transient air-fuel ratio control for lean burn engines is critical to achieve desired fuel economy and meet federal emission regulations. Unlike conventional SI engines, lean burn engines are no longer operating in a narrow band around stoichiometry resulting in a very challenging air-fuel ratio tracking problem. An approach to combine an input shaping method together with a linear parameter varying (LPV) feedback controller is proposed to solve the transient air-fuel ratio tracking problem. In the work of Zhang et al. (2005), a feedback LPV air-fuel ratio controller has been designed to regulate the air-fuel ratio at steady state engine operating conditions, reduce the variability of the closed-loop system, reject disturbances and guarantee robustness and stability. In this paper, an input shaping method is proposed to reduce the cost of feedback, and thereby enhance the air-fuel ratio tracking performance during engine transient operations. The prefilter is designed based on the closed-loop dynamics resulting from the LPV design. A systematic input shaping prefilter design process is developed. The designed prefilter successfully extends the closed-loop air-fuel ratio tracking bandwidth. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the input shaping prefilter. Moreover, the designed prefilter is structurally simple and computationally efficient


The work documented in this report was undertaken as part of an ongoing investigation of innovative and potentially attractive value propositions for electricity storage by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Electricity Storage Systems (ESS) Program. This study characterizes one especially attractive value proposition for modular electricity storage (MES): electric utility transmission and distribution (T&D) upgrade deferral. The T&D deferral benefit is characterized in detail. Also presented is a generalized framework for estimating the benefit. Other important and complementary (to T&D deferral) elements of possible value propositions involving MES are also characterized.


Food analysis is a core course,which combines theory and practice together closely.In order to train students' practical competence and cultivate their innovation consciousness,some feasible measurements are adopted during the course of experimental teaching.These measurements include optimizing course content,using various teaching method,adopting appropriate examination method,enhancing the experimental teaching ranks and opening the laboratory.These measurements are proved to be helpful for triggering students' interest and arousing their activeness.


. This paper proposed a collaborative strategy of multi-UAV for searching sea area based on 'Z' route, and an improved 'Z' route is designed. Firstly, UAV model and target model are built. Secondly, collaborative searching strategy based on 'Z' route is proposed, and navigation points are selected. Finally, three searching models are built and simulation study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This essay explores the promising interdisciplinary connections between Disability Studies and Medical Anthropology by examining the work of long-time ethnographer and activist Sue Estroff in the context of a Disability Studies perspective and philosophy.  The author provides an array of examples of how Estroff's historical, and more recent scholarship, is relevant to Disability Studies praxis today, and suggests that Medical Anthropology as a field would benefit from utilizing a Disability Studies orientation in its own scholarship and practices.


Access control is an indispensable part of the OA system. Reasonable access control can fundamentally guarantee data security. With the expansion of enterprise business scale and the adjustment of organizational structure, there will be more and more system users. Due to the sensitivity and privacy of business data, it is necessary to manage the authority of users in this system. In order to solve the problem of large granularity of permission management and strong coupling between access control code and business code, this paper compares the implementation scheme of existing access control system, realizes a fine-grained access control method based on improved RBAC model and achieves good results in practical system application.


ABSTRACT Intestinal duplications are rare congenital anomaly found in the pediatric age group. Although, the ileum is the most common site, there are cases of colonic duplications even in the adult. Colonoscopy is a good investigation tool for the diagnosis of colonic duplications; however, it may not be true in all cases. We report a case of 43 years woman presented with chronic constipation, intermittent colicky abdomen pain, and a cystic lump in the left abdomen diagnosed as tubular duplication cyst of descending colon. She was managed with left hemicolectomy and excision of the cyst with uneventful postoperative days. This case has been reported as it is a rare condition.


Abstract : Loss of nerve function occurs when a nerve is severed. Any significant loss of nerve tissue requires a graft to restore continuity and promote nerve regeneration and recovery of function. Presently, there is no acceptable nerve grafting method for the repair of extensive nerve damage. An acellular nerve allograft product is available for the reconstruction of short to moderate length nerve defects, however, in its present from the allograft is not suitable for the repair of lengthy nerve defects. The aims of this project are to evaluate several long (7cm) nerve allograft technologies. All tasks scheduled for year 1 of this two-year project were completed. A nerve graft processing protocol was established for rabbit peripheral nerve that mimics the production of the human nerve allograft product used clinically. This includes detergent decellularization, treatment with chondroitinase ABC, and irradiation sterilization. A 7-cm, stepping-stone graft was established. A tubular nerve protector biologic was devised. A long nerve allograft model in rabbit was established, including several neurological evaluation methods. Control conditions include a standard acellular allograft and cellular autograft (the gold standard in nerve grafting). At this point, all nerve grafting has been completed on schedule and evaluations of nerve regeneration and recovery of function have begun. If successful this project will establish technologies for the repair of extensive nerve damage using of-the-shelf nerve products that overcome the limitations of nerve autografting.


Arthritogenic alphaviruses such as Chikungunya virus and O'nyong nyong virus cause acute and chronic crippling arthralgia associated with inflammatory immune responses. However, the physiological functions of individual immune signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of alphaviral arthritis remain poorly understood. Here we report that a deficiency in the stimulator-of-interferon-genes (STING) led to enhanced viral loads, exacerbated inflammation and selectively elevated expression of CXCL10, a chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages/T cells, in mouse feet. Cxcl10-/- mice had the same viremia as wild-type animals, but fewer immune infiltrates and lower viral loads in footpads at the peak of arthritic disease (6-8 days post infection). Macrophages constituted the largest immune cell population in footpads following infection, which were significantly reduced in Cxcl10-/- mice. The viral RNA loads in neutrophils and macrophages were reduced in Cxcl10-/- compared to wild-type mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that STING signaling represses, while CXCL10 signaling promotes, pathogenesis of alphaviral disease.


As we witness the unrelenting growth of the UAV sector, novel and more sophisticated applications keep emerging every year, with many more in the horizon. Among these, applications that require the adoption of UAV swarms are among the most complex, as deploying swarms requires the interaction and cooperation of all the UAVs involved, which can become quite challenging. In this work we specifically focus on the swarm takeoff procedure for UAVs of the Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) type, proposing a heuristic that achieves reduced computing overhead while introducing near-optimal assignments of UAV positions in the swarm formation selected. Such heuristic is complemented by an efficient and collision-free takeoff approach that relies on adequate ordering and inter-UAV communications to achieve a sequential phased takeoff. A large number of experiments using our own ArduSim emulation platform, which is totally compatible with real drone code, evidence the improvements achieved in terms of time overhead and safety when compared to both ideal and agnostic approaches.


It is often stated and seldom heard that history repeats itself. For those living during the late 19 and early 20 century, financial panics were regular albeit terribly unpleasant episodes. Vast fortunes and modest savings alike could be and were often destroyed in a matter of days once a run on a bank began. With no central bank and nothing remotely resembling deposit insurance, depositors were practically forced to withdraw their savings from the bank in anticipation of its potential insolvency. So conditioned to the possibility of a bank run were depositors of this historical period, it is reported that a line forming outside a bakery adjacent a bank inspired a run on the unsuspecting depository. A century later, the panic of 1907 is often recognized as first among its panic peers and as the inspiration for the development of the Federal Reserve System. The Panic of 1907: Lessons Learned from the Market's Perfect Storm offers a detailed case study of the key events and leading figures of the panic. In this case analysis, the authors emphasize the convergence of a variety of events that bring the financial system close to collapse. However, consistent with their model presented at the end of the book, an external shock is identified as the instigating event. In this particular case, the shock is a natural disaster, the 1906 earthquake and subsequent destruction of San Francisco. The earthquake had an immediate impact on the US economy and global markets. Indeed, one thread throughout the book is the frequent referral to foreign economies and interconnectedness of international markets in the early twentieth century. For example, the authors report that London insurers sold US securities to meet liabilities brought on by the fires sparked by the earthquake. The sudden sale of securities placed downward pressure on share prices generally. The importance of this phenomenon is consistently revisited as margin calls, necessitated by the declining value of shares serving as collateral, force more and more selling resulting in even lower share prices and more margin calls, despite no fundamental change in the prospects of the firms who issued the shares. A second illustrative event involves an effort to manipulate share prices of a copper mining operation. By itself, such an undertaking is insignificant however; the failure of the effort had serious consequences including the collapse of a major New York bank and brokerage house. Moreover, the authors demonstrate how the ripple effects permeate the banking and financial system through interlocking directorships and ownership of banks. The effort and ability to link numerous causes and effects is a particular strength of this book. Despite the impressive effort to isolate and trace key events, the most compelling component of the book is the identification of central actors in the events of the panic. Particularly noteworthy is the significant role of J. P. Morgan as the central figure in coordinating response after response to threat after threat comprising the crisis. Morgan's influence extends beyond New York to Washington, DC, and the US Treasury. The reader is left with the distinct impression that was it not for the effort of Morgan to identify solutions, force collective action among bankers, and ultimately act selflessly in the interest of the public that the US banking system would have collapsed under the misguided disdain of the executive branch of government, generally, and President Theodore Roosevelt, specifically. Morgan is presented as a pillar of strength, reason, and resolve in crisis compared to the shortsightedness and selfishness of other bankers and government officials, at least initially. The presentation of the case analysis draws heavily from daily newspaper reports and biographies of key actors. The use of journalistic source material contributes to the universal availability of the book to all readers. Nonetheless; undergraduate students would benefit from a course in macroeconomic principles in advance to secure a familiarity with the concept of fractional reserve banking and an appreciation of the Federal Reserve System in the modern financial system. Pedagogically this book has many applications, most notably, perhaps, as a complementary text for a money and banking course or an economic history course examining the late 19 and early 20 century.


Phase change materials are able to absorb, store and release thermal energy in form of latent heat during solid/liquid phase transition. They have several applications aimed at reducing energy consumption and promoting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Oils and their transesterification products are bio-based promising alternatives to conventional inorganic and organic PCMs, thanks to their suitable thermal properties. Their possible applications depend on transition temperatures, influenced by the chain length and degree of saturation of fatty acid residues. Based on their properties, oil- and glycerol-derived PCMs are applicable in air-conditioning systems and for the enhancement of thermal comfort in buidings, whereas ester-derived PCMs can be used for refrigeration applications.


The problems with reinforced concrete and their repair are undoubtedly of great interest nowadays throughout the world.
The problems of the reinforced concrete of the buttress dam in the Catalonian Pyrenees are considered in this article.
Said problems led to a loss of 60 liters of water/sec. The technical solution to the problem is explained, as well as how it was carried out at temperatures of around O °C.
Part of the repair work was done in the Spring of 1984, and the remainder at the beginning of 1985. The years which have elapsed confirm the effectiveness of the treatment.


The poly(methyl blue) modified electrode was prepared, and the voltammetric behavior of dopamine was studied at the poly(methyl blue) modified electrode. In pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution, the linear range for the determination of dopamine was 8.0×10~(-7)~5.0×10~(-4) mol/L. The detection limit was 5.0×10~(-8) mol/L. The method was applied to the determination of dopamine in the drug with satisfactory results.