Poor monomer to polymer conversion is problem in a number of polymerisation reactions. Acrylic systems are particularly prone to poor conversion, and so techniques including γ-radiation to produce radicals are used to mitigate this problem. In this work the preparation of hybrid materials of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and titania using γ-radiation is explored. An in-situ technique where the inorganic sol-gel reaction and the polymerisation reaction are conducted concurrently was used to prepare the hybrid materials. One of the main challenges identified was matching the kinetics of the sol-gel reaction and the polymerisation reaction, this was achieved using acetylacetone. Transparent orange hybrid materials were prepared with titania contents between 3wt.% and 15wt.% (using thermogravimetric analysis). The TGA data also showed an increase in the decomposition temperature of approximately 40 C. Conversion was assessed using TGA-FTIR and indicated almost quantitative conversions were achieved. The glass-transition temperature was measured and the addition of titania was found to reduce the magnitude of the glass transition temperature.


We define weak Z(q), a generalization of Z(q) on bounded domains Ω in a Stein manifold M n that suffices to prove closed range of ¯ ∂. Under the hypothesis of weak Z(q), we also show (i) that harmonic (0, q)-forms are trivial and (ii) if ∂Ω satisfies weak Z(q) and weak Z(n − 1 − q), then ¯ ∂ b has closed range on (0, q)-forms on ∂Ω. We provide examples to show that our condition contains examples that are excluded from (q − 1)-pseudoconvexity and the authors' previous notion of weak Z(q).


We present a new ray bending approach, referred to as the Eigenray method, for solving two‐point boundary‐value kinematic and dynamic ray tracing problems in 3D smooth heterogeneous general anisotropic elastic media. The proposed Eigenray method is aimed to provide reliable stationary ray path solutions and their dynamic characteristics, in cases where conventional initial‐value ray shooting methods, followed by numerical convergence techniques, become challenging. The kinematic ray bending solution corresponds to the vanishing first traveltime variation, leading to a stationary path between two fixed endpoints (Fermat's principle), and is governed by the nonlinear second‐order Euler–Lagrange equation. The solution is based on a finite‐element approach, applying the weak formulation that reduces the Euler–Lagrange second‐order ordinary differential equation to the first‐order weighted‐residual nonlinear algebraic equation set. For the kinematic finite‐element problem, the degrees of freedom are discretized nodal locations and directions along the ray trajectory, where the values between the nodes are accurately and naturally defined with the Hermite polynomial interpolation. The target function to be minimized includes two essential penalty (constraint) terms, related to the distribution of the nodes along the path and to the normalization of the ray direction. We distinguish between two target functions triggered by the two possible types of stationary rays: a minimum traveltime and a saddle‐point solution (due to caustics). The minimization process involves the computation of the global (all‐node) traveltime gradient vector and the traveltime Hessian matrix. The traveltime Hessian is used for the minimization process, analysing the type of the stationary ray, and for computing the geometric spreading of the entire resolved stationary ray path. The latter, however, is not a replacement for the dynamic ray tracing solution, since it does not deliver the geometric spreading for intermediate points along the ray, nor the analysis of caustics. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method along three canonical examples.


The main purpose of robot calibration is the correction of the possible errors in the robot parameters. This paper presents a method for a kinematic calibration of a parallel robot that is equipped with one camera in hand. In order to preserve the mechanical configuration of the robot, the camera is utilized to acquire incremental positions of the end effector from a spherical object that is fixed in the word reference frame. Incremental positions of the end effector are related to incremental positions of encoders of the motors of the robot. A kinematic model of the robot is modified in order to take into account possible errors of kinematic parameters. The solution of the model utilizes incremental positions of the resolvers and end effector, the new parameters minimizes errors in the kinematic equations. Spherical properties and intrinsic camera parameters are utilized to model sphere projection in order to improve spatial measurements. The robot system is designed to carry out tracking tasks and the calibration of the system is finally validated by means of integrating the errors of the visual controller.


Wear debris produced from articulating prosthetic joints is thought to be phagocytosed by macrophages which then release pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to the eventual aseptic loosening of the implant. Currently it is difficult to image wear particles within cells due to the lack of suitable ways of introducing tag molecules into the materials. We report how coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy can be used to image unlabeled material within cells relying on inherent chemical contrast. Using model particles we show how CARS signals change with respect to size and environment of the scattering particle. Incubating particles of polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene with RAW264.7 macrophage cells, we demonstrate that it is possible to image cells phagocyotosing particles as well as to characterize the location of particles in three dimensions using the inherent optical sectioning ability of CARS. These results suggest that CARS provides an important tool for monitoring the accumulation of wear debris generated from prosthetic implants.


DC-module-based BIPV system, which has some advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, good expandability and maintainability, consists of photovoltaic DC building module and centralized inverter paralleled with the DC bus, and is propitious to the building integrated application. However, the output power of every photovoltaic DC building module in the DC-module-based BIPV system is random and varying with illumination, temperature and etc. Furthermore, the parallel of many photovoltaic DC building modules ulteriorly increase the complexity of energy flow in the system. Consequently DC bus voltage controller is necessary to achieve energy balance and stability. Firstly the hypostasis of DC bus voltage control for the DC-module-based BIPV system is analyzed in this paper. Then the accurate dynamic model is built to analyze and design the controller. Finally the experimental results on a DC-module-based BIPV prototype verify the validity of the proposed DC bus voltage control strategy.


Summary

The manufacturers' claim for the performance and accuracy of a chemical time/ temperature integrator for monitoring the storage history of foods at chilling and ambient temperatures has been tested. the claims for linearity of response and a maximum error of 10% at full scale, are not met. Individual devices of the same type were also unacceptably variable one with another throughout their scale.


The stereoselective disposition and metabolic inversion of ibuprofen were studied in 12 healthy subjects under conditions of competitive and non‐linear plasma protein binding. Each subject received each of four oral treatments according to a Latin‐square design: 300 mg R(−)‐ibuprofen, 300 mg S(+)‐ibuprofen, 300 mg R(−)‐ + 300mg S(+)‐ibuprofen, and 300 mg R(−)‐ + 600 mg S(+)‐ibuprofen. For a given treatment, the partial clearance of S(+)‐ibuprofen was greater than that of R(−)‐ibuprofen for all stereoisomeric drug species. Likewise, the unbound partial clearances of S(+)‐ibuprofen were greater for most stereoisomeric drug species. There was also less difference among treatment groups when partial clearances were referenced to unbound as opposed to total plasma concentrations of enantiomer. The unbound intrinsic clearance and fractional inversion of R(−)‐ibuprofen were unchanged across the four treatments, and chiral inversion was systemic, averaging 69%. In conclusion, stereoselective differences exist for the partial and composite clearances of R(−)‐ and S(+)‐ibuprofen even when corrected for differences in plasma protein binding. However, differences among treatment groups for a particular elimination pathway are largely due to ibuprofen's non‐linear binding.


This paper first discusses some possible applications of qualitative spatial reasoning, then surveys the main aspects of the representation of qualitative spatial knowledge including ontology, topology distance, orientation and shape.


The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions consisting of alkali chlorides in water and the organic electrolyte BTPPATPFB in 1,2-dichloroethane is characterized with X-ray reflectivity, interfacial tension and impedance spectroscopy measurements over a range of applied voltage between the bulk solutions. X-ray reflectivity probes the interfacial ion distribution on the sub-nanometer length scale, whereas interfacial tension and impedance spectroscopy characterize quantities such as interfacial excess charge and differential capacitance that represent integrations over the interfacial ion distribution. Predictions of interfacial ion distributions by the recently introduced PB-PMF method, which combines Poisson's equation with ion potentials of mean force, provide excellent agreement, within one to two experimental standard deviations, with both X-ray reflectivity and interfacial tension measurements. However, the agreement with the differential capacitance measured by impedance spectroscopy, and modeled by the Randles equivalent circuit, is not as good. Values of measured and calculated differential capacitance can deviate by as much as 20% for applied electric potential differences larger than approximately +/- 100 mV. These comparisons indicate that our understanding of the ion distributions that underlie these measurements is adequate, but that further understanding of the modeling of impedance spectroscopy data is required for quantitative agreement at larger applied electric potential differences. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved.


Learning about Comprehension from Good Readers. A Closer Look at Comprehension: Context, Processes, Strategies, and Instruction. Creating an Effective Classroom for Comprehension Instruction. Finding a Starting Point: Ways to Assess Comprehension. Strategies for Reading for Information. Strategies for Reading Fiction. Strategies for Vocabulary Development. Strategies for Engaging in Research. Strategies for Performing Tasks, Studying, and Taking Tests. Strategies That Encourage Lifelong Reading.


In the present article the issue of transformation of religious situation in Egypt after the 2011 revolution is being analyzed. Throughout centuries religion used to and continues to play tremendous role in the Egyptian society. However at the current transitory period conflict between secularly and religiously oriented forces has intensified. Abolishing the prohibition for religiously marked parties and movements to participate in political life of the country has questioned the future of Egypt as the conflict between secularists and religious conservatives has shifted to the political area.


Report presents study of feasibility of magnetic bearings in turbopumps. Liquid-oxygen turbopump in space shuttle main engine selected for study. Other potential applications include manned and unmanned spacecraft, gas turbines for commercial and military aircraft, turbomachinery for petro-chemical and gas operations, suspension systems for precise machinery, and precise pointing and tracking systems.


This study constructs a multimodal graph convolutional network model, conducts an in-depth study on image super-resolution relationship extraction and reconstruction methods, and constructs a model of image super-resolution relationship extraction and reconstruction methods based on multimodal graph convolutional networks. In this study, we study the domain adaptation model algorithm based on chart convolutional networks, which constructs a global relevance graph based on all samples using pre-extracted features and performs distribution approximation of sample features in two domains using a diagram convolutional neural network with maximum mean difference loss; with this approach, the model effectively preserves the structural information among the samples. In this study, several comparison experiments are designed based on the COCO and VG datasets; the image space information-based and knowledge graph-based target detection and recognition models substantially improve recognition performance over the baseline model. The super-pixel-based target detection and recognition model can also effectively reduce the number of floating-point operations and the complexity of the model. In this study, we propose a multiscale GAN-based image super-resolution reconstruction algorithm. Aiming at the problems of detail loss or blurring in the reconstruction of detail-rich images by SRGAN, it integrates the idea of the Laplace pyramid to complete the task of multiscale reconstruction of images through staged reconstruction. It incorporates the concept of a discriminative network with patch GAN to effectively improve the recovery effect of graph details and improve the reconstruction quality of images. Using Set5, Set14, BSD100, and Urban100 datasets as test sets, experimental analysis is conducted from objective and subjective evaluation metrics to effectively validate the performance of the improved algorithm proposed in this study.


The article touches upon a subject of non-equivalent vocabulary. Translating legal terms, which primarily include legal realias, denoting concepts, that are not present in the target language, is a rather difficult procedure.


The effect of ammonium sulfate on the sulfidation flotation of malachite was investigated by micro-flo- tation tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) measurements. Micro-flotation results show that the sodium sulfide concentration and strring time are difficult to control on the sulfidation flotation of malachite. However, when ammonium sulfate was used, the detrimental effect of mixing time and high dosage of sodium sulfide on the sulfidization flotation of malachite can be efficiently eliminated. SEM results showed that sulfidized film on malachite in the presence of ammonium sulfate, and EDS analysis results showed that more S element absorbed and distributed equality on the malachite surface, which was agreed well with the macro-flotation results.


Wastes in North Dakota is projected to increase over the next century. Cost effective methods for addressing this will continue to be a problem. Protecting ground water is paramount as contamination can occur due to waste landfills. Where does one locate waste landfills? If each county in ND were operate it's own landfill, prices in the early 1990's would have ranged from $17 to $227 per tonne. The politics of addressing such landfills, managing them and properly designing or redesigning them must be taken into consideration on a local and statewide approach.


Investigates the properties of both ω-k and PFA(polar format algorithm) under the mode of spotlight SAR.Based upon classifying preprocessing of spotlight SAR echo signals as dechirp in temporal domain and matched filtering in frequency domain,the corresponding different implementations from the two algorithms are analyzed respectively and comparatively.Analysis and comparison are presented in terms of the residual video phase,impacts resulting from the approximation of the algorithms associated with,as well as interpolation.Dechirp can reduce the computation load substantially,yet RVP is unavoidable, RVP does not exist inherently in the case of matched filtering.


The purpose of this project was to investigate the application of digital image processing techniques as a means of reducing noise in medical ultrasonic imaging. Ultrasonic images suffer primarily from a type of acoustic noise, known as speckle, which is generally regarded as a major source of image quality degradation. The origin of speckle, its statistical properties as well as methods suggested to eliminate this artifact were reviewed. A simple model which can characterize the statistics of speckle on displays was also developed. A large number of digital noise reduction techniques was investigated. These include frame averaging techniques performed by commercially available devices and spatial filters implemented in software. Among the latter, some filters have been proposed in the scientific literature for ultrasonic, laser and microwave speckle or general noise suppression and the rest are original, developed specifically to suppress ultrasonic speckle. Particular emphasis was placed on adaptive techniques which adjust the processing performed at each point according to the local image content. In this way, they manage to suppress speckle with negligible loss of genuine image detail. Apart from preserving the diagnostically significant features of a scan another requirement a technique must satisfy before it is accepted in routine clinical practice is real-time operation. A spatial filter capable of satisfying both these requirements was designed and built in hardware using low-cost and readily available components. The possibility of incorporating all the necessary filter circuitry into a single VLSI chip was also investigated. In order to establish the effectiveness and usefulness of speckle suppression, a representative sample from the techniques examined here was applied to a large number of abdominal scans and their effect on image quality was evaluated. Finally, further improvements and possible uses of speckle suppression techniques in other fields were also considered.


Objective:To study the roles of CT perfusion imaging and dynamic enhanced for diagnosis of lung nodule.Methods:The dynamic contrast-enhanced CT were performed with single-slice spiral CT in 34 patients with lung nodule(including:17 cases of malignant nodule,11 cases of benign nodule,and 6 cases of active inflammatory nodule).The CT perfusion imaging and dynamic enhanced CT were performed with two-slice spiral CT in 45 patients with lung nodule(including:24 cases of malignant nodule,13 cases of benign nodule,and 8 cases of active inflammatory nodule).According to dynamic contrast-enhanced examination,CT values of the nodules at different delay time were got to describe the time-density curve in all cases.The perfusion parameters, including Blood Flow,Blood Volume,Mean Transmit Time and Permeability Surface,were acquired with body perfusion-2 software,and they were analyzed and compared among three groups of lung nodules.Results:The time-density curve of the benign pulmonary nodules was flat with enhancement only about 10 Hu.The malignant nodule increased rapidly at early time and maintained a plateau with decreased slowly in delay phase,with enhancement of CT value about 46 Hu.Whereas the active inflammatory nodule increased rapidly and come down also rapidly,with enhancement of CT value about 62 Hu.The values of blood volume and permeability surface in malignant and active inflammatory nodule are greater than that in benign pulmonary nodules.The values of blood volume and permeability surface in benign nodules are less than 6.5 mL/100g and 30 mL/lOOg rain,respectively. Conclusion:CT perfusiun imaging can provide quantitative information of blood perfusion within lung nodules, CT perfusion imaging and dynamic enhanced CT is helpful for differentiating lung nodules.


The unbalanced regional economic development is the objective fact,which causes the regional difference in educational development,and eventually increases the unbalance in regional economic development.Fiscal transfer-payment of education is one of the effective measures to solve the educational unbalance.Meanwhile,favorable policies will play a coordinating role in narrowing the regional differences in terms of economic development


Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a rising incidence and low survival rate. Anticancer drugs are effective, but are not selective, leading to serious side effects, as pain, loss of taste bud, and hair loss. The available treatments are involved in target cell proliferation, but are ineffective against nonproliferating tumor cells, which could lead to a relapse. COPZ1 and its paralogous COPZ2 are involved in intracellular trafficking and autophagy. They were identified as essential for healthy and tumor cell survival. Both COPZ1 and COPZ2 are expressed in almost the same level in normal cells. Interestingly, in tumor cells, COPZ2 is downregulated. In normal cells, the simultaneous depletion of both COPZ1 and COPZ2 leads normal cells to apoptosis, but the depletion of only one of the proteins does not affect cell cycle. This fact led us to the hypothesis that tumor cells are COPZ1 dependent, and the inhibition of this protein could lead tumor cells to apoptosis selectively once COPZ2 is naturally downregulated. Once these proteins are involved in intracellular trafficking, the inhibition of COPZ1 in COPZ2-defficient tumor cells could cause Golgi apparatus collapse, block autophagy, and induce apoptosis in both proliferating and dormant cells. This suggests that the COPZ1 knockdown may suppress tumor growth selectively, making it a promising cancer therapy target. We used molecular docking, synthesis and cell biology to prove our hypothesis. To obtain the 3D structure of COPZ2 for in silico studies purpose, a homology modeling was performed using the amino acids sequence. A set of 84 molecules were submitted to molecular docking, and 4 compounds containing the active metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine and enedione fragment were selected for synthesis and in vitro evaluation. The selection was based on the interactions between the inhibitor and the amino acids within the binding site of the enzyme. Interestingly, the selected 1-4 compounds showed cellular growth inhibition of MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cell lines, but not for normal cell line. Our new drug prototypes based on 4-aminoantipyrine and enedione moieties showed quite good anti-cancer properties, therefore deserving to be considered in further studies with the aim of understanding the role of COPZ1 in tumor development, as a target for selective treatment.
 Citation Format: Allana Cristina F. Martins, Barbara M. Barbosa, Bretton Badenoch, Roberto S. Gomes. Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of enedione derivatives as promising selective COPZ1 inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B051.


Abstract : This report presents the results of a finite element analysis of the Medium Caliber Anti-Armor Automatic Cannon bolt. The analysis determined the stress levels throughout the bolt cross section at peak chamber pressure. A standard axisymmetric finite element program using constant strain elements was employed. Results show the bolt design adequate.


This thesis explores how youth participation was socially constructed and conceptualized during an internationally dominated reconstruction of Haiti following the earthquake of 2010. Grounded within critical, constructivist, and post-colonial theoretical perspectives, this research uses mixed methods to analyze youth programs and conceptualizations of participation within them. Among its frameworks is a theoretical lens of social spaces for participation that juxtaposes binary qualities such as international and local origins, market and social orientations, and invited and claimed spaces for participation. In the first phase this research uses conceptual mapping and cluster analysis techniques to survey and plot the landscape of youth programs operating in Haiti after the earthquake. Of the programs surveyed, a relatively equal distribution emerged between those with local and those with international origins. However, a comparatively large group of those programs with local origins also had a curriculum with a primary social orientation. In the second phase it draws on qualitative and ethnographic methods to examine social constructions of participation in three case study programs with activities ranging


Short information sharing time is one of the problems to be solved in the traditional Internet. )erefore, this paper proposes a hierarchical simulation of the Internet of )ings sharing structure framework that trusts the cloud to drive Internet information resource sharing. By setting thresholds and iterative adjustment parameters, a complementary judgment matrix is constructed to obtain the minimum nonnegative deviation value and the optimal weight vector. )is paper sorts according to the value of the Internet information security model, obtains the optimal model to avoid human tampering, and designs the information resource acquisition process to ensure the reliability of the source data. We use radio frequency identification (RFID) equipment in the preprocessing of massive heterogeneous data in the Internet of)ings. In a network environment where resources are limited and heterogeneous are fully considered, the trust-based adaptive detection algorithm is used to evaluate the credibility of the trustdriven algorithm for hierarchical information resource sharing services in the cloud environment of the Internet of )ings. We propose a cloud trust-driven hierarchical information resource sharing Internet information resource model. Firstly, the key characteristics of hierarchical information resource sharing are analyzed.)en, a hierarchical information resource sharing model was established by using specific constraints, trust steepness function, cloud trust evaluation criteria, and trust constraint coefficient. Finally, an example of IoT system is designed to verify the effectiveness of the model. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional model or algorithm, this model has a good hierarchical sharing effect of the underlying resource information.


We analyze relationship between temperature of the air in nasal cavity and flow velocity in nasal breathing. Experimental result showed a possibility that the flow velocity can be estimated by using far infrared optical imaging.


When William Hoskins wrote The Making of the English Landscape (London, 1955), there was a relatively straightforward answer to this question. Historians had argued that the 'Germanic' migrations of the fifth and sixth centuries shaped the familiar characteristics of the English landscape. These migrations were thought to have occurred on a large scale in the context of an undeveloped landscape whose population was annihilated, displaced, or suppressed. They had resulted in the wholesale import, not just of a common 'Germanic' language (Anglo-Saxon or Old English), but also of pre-existing


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Nosocomial catheter related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) increase morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Central venous catheters (CVC) coated with rifampin and minocycline (RM) decrease rates of colonization and CR-BSI. However, recent trials challenged the clinical impact of such catheters. We designed this trial to compare rates of colonization and CR-BSI in RM catheters and controls in a cohort of critically ill patients in Brazil.

METHODS
Prospective, controlled trial conducted in one medico-surgical ICU. Patients were assigned to receive a control or RM CVC. After removal, tips were cultured in association with blood cultures. Rates of colonization and CR-BSI were recorded.

RESULTS
Among 120 catheters inserted, 100 could be evaluated, 49 in the uncoated and 51 in the coated group. Clinical characteristics of patients were similar in the two groups. Two cases of CR-BSI (3.9%) occurred in patients who received RM catheters compared with 5 (10.2%) in the uncoated group (p = 0.26). Six RM catheters (11.8%) were colonized compared with 14 (28.6%) control catheters (p = 0.036). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant differences in the risk of colonization or CR-BSI. Rates of CR-BSI were 4.7 per 1000 catheter-days in the RM coated group compared to 11.4 per 1000 catheter days in the uncoated group (p = 0.45).

CONCLUSIONS
In this pilot study, we showed lower rates of colonization in RM coated when compared with uncoated catheters. Incidence and rates of CR-BSI were similar in the two groups.


With the surge of the high-speed circuit and the complication of PCB is more and more intense,the changeable development of electronic technology brings new problem and new challenge in design.There are many electric distarbance in PCB without good layout,and it will arose hidden dangers in stability and performance of system.This paper analyzes the reference level in PCB design,beginning with the affection of reference plane on signal,it focuses on partition and layout of battery level and stratigraphy and analyzes cause of molestation and brings a resolution.Some basic design regulations of high-speed circuit PCB is educed.


It is shown that, when discontinuous solutions are computed by monotonic difference schemes, strong oscillations of difference derivatives may develop, substantially reducing the local orders of convergence of the schemes. For a set of first-order-accurate explicit schemes with an artificial viscosity, as well as for a set of second-order-accurate Harten's TVD schemes for smooth solutions, criteria that guarantee the absence of such oscillations are obtained. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis.


Power conservation is a crucial problem in mobile ad hoc wireless networks knowing that, each mobile node has a limited amount of energy concentrated in a battery. The main objective of our paper is to use a variable transmission range in order to save some energy and to keep the connectivity of the network. Our algorithm is implemented at the data link layer of the OSI model and thus can be used by all MANET routing algorithms such as AOVD and DYMO. Simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of our algorithm in terms of energy used and connectivity. We show that our algorithm has an energy gain between 35% to 85% at reasonable speeds below 20 m/s and a high enough network density.


In the insurance industry there is a new way of thinking which determined the passage from transactional marketing to a holistic marketing concept. In this paper five key elements of holistic marketing are presented: relationship marketing, integrated mar


Consider the following two models of syntactic change, which we can call the drift model and the imperfect transmission model. Under the drift model, change is driven by a gradual shift in the frequencies with which linguistic forms are used. If, after some time, the frequency of some crucial form drops below the threshold of learnability, the grammar changes. The frequency changes are driven by factors like random variation, gradual bleaching of meaning, phonological erosion of weakly accented syllables or other properties of usage. This model is explicitly or implicitly assumed by many generative and non-generative linguists. Its advantage is that the cause of grammatical reanalysis is obvious: Once the frequency of a crucial grammatical form is low enough, language learners are no longer able to learn grammatical properties that depend on it. The problem with this approach is that the drift in frequencies that it requires has no obvious motivation. If we assume that frequencies are learned by children as part of their knowledge of the language, why should they be learned accurately in through a period of stability and then no longer so learned when a language starts to change? Similarly, if the frequencies are indirect reflections of other factors, as is more commonly believed, then why should these factors become unstable at certain times?


Phosphorus (P) is a main nutrient element plants growth in natural water system. However, excessive P loads to water bodies from industrial, agricultural, household wastes may cause the overgrowth of aquatic plants or algae which accelerate the depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) in waters, and leading to serious eutrophication problems. In developing countries, approximately 75% of domestic wastewater is released to the environment without treatment (Rozari et al. 2016). Ayaz et al. (2012) reported that eutrophication in receiving water bodies may occur when concentration of phosphorus was 6 mg/L. Therefore, proper treatment to remove phosphorus from domestic wastewater to achieve the admissible level for natural systems is needed. Besides, construction and demolition (C&D) activities shows a growing trend for several years.


In this paper the fluctuation characteristics of RMB non-deliverable forward rate(CNYNDF) has been analyzed using three states Markov regime-switching model,by which the non-linear characteristic of the fluctuation of exchange rate expectation was considered.Empirical analysis shows that:(1) During the international financial crisis from the second half of 2007 to the beginning of 2009,CNYNDF exchange rate abnormally fluctuated and successively in appreciation and depreciation,also that the long-term CNYNDF volatility was more significantly affected by "U-shape" trend of USD,which reveals that the expectation of speculators was more sensitive to the fluctuation of international financial markets;(2) Around June 19th 2010 at which time China's central bank secondarily reformed the exchange regime,CNYNDF exchange rate experienced a period of abnormal regime with high volatility before it reinstated in the stable regime characterized by low fluctuation,and there was a period of time when the appreciation expectation pressure of RMB was intensively released.The results above identify the period during which appreciation or depreciation expectation pressures are accumulated,and show the different expectations of different market players.It is believed that the results provide a valuable reference of stabilizing RMB exchange rate expectation for China's central bank.


Active materials and surfaces that are less intrusive and more compatible with humans and their environment are critical for robotic applications. Humidity‐ and water‐responsive materials are emerging as versatile alternatives to commonly used actuators in robotic systems, due to ease of actuation with humidity gradients and pervasiveness of water in the environment. However, these materials exhibit relatively low work densities and slow responses, and they are degraded when placed in direct contact with water. Recent work has shown that as a humidity‐responsive material, Bacillus spores exhibit high work density actuation. Here, spore‐based actuators containing water‐resistant UV‐curable adhesives are reported. These adhesives improve the work and power density of spore‐based actuators, allow patterning of actuators with lithographic approaches and, importantly, provide water resistance to the resulting actuators. As a result, it is possible to demonstrate spore‐based actuators driven directly with liquid water, which increase the actuation speed and power by nearly 100‐fold. These developments might facilitate broader use of humidity‐ and water‐driven actuators in robotics and related applications.


Karen Finley prefaces her performance piece The Constant State of Desire (TCSD) with a performance.1 Finley walks onstage, telling the audience that she wants to say something "first." In a meta-reflexive gesture, she describes how nervous she is prior to performances. She sits calmly in front of the audience and lists her body's hysterical symptomatology in the face of its impending exhibition: she smokes, she has the jitters, she is nauseated and sometimes throws up. With a discernible smirk on her face, she concludes, "You make me sick." The laughter this comment provokes is tentative--many in the audience seem uncomfortable. I'm not sure if she's serious or not, if she's encouraging us to laugh at her or at ourselves. With this gesture, Finley undermines audience expectations and reverses the traditional spectator-performer relationship, rendering the audience members the nervous and jittery ones. In taking us through her body in pain prior to her body in labor, we are reminded that she is body, is organic material, with openings and smells, with responses to her own status as subject and object of performance. She sets the stage for a profoundly uncomfortable viewing experience, not only because she constantly reminds the audience that we are an audience, making any un-self conscious or objectifying interpretation of her staged flesh difficult if not impossible, but also because in foregrounding the condition of her body, she implicates our own desiring bodies as they comprise her paying audience.


Abstract We surveyed bees inhabiting inland dune and ridge woodlands at 30 sites in Worcester County, MD, in 2008 and 2009 . We collected and identified 4878 bees representing 5 families, 31 genera, and 121 species. Here, we report data on annual and seasonal variation. Expanding survey efforts to include multiple years and seasons served to increase the overall number of species encountered, primarily through documenting the presence of rare or infrequently collected species. Eighty-eight species (73%) were represented by fewer than 10 individuals; of these 30 were represented by a single individual (25% of the total). The 5 most dominant species represented nearly half (48%) of the total number of specimens. We report a list of bee species collected from inland dune and ridge woodlands and discuss the presence of apparently habitat-restricted species.


Objective To investigate the treatment of vocal process granuloma with semiconductor laser,and to analyze the reasons for recurrence of vocal process granuloma after operations.Methods Fourteen cases of patients with vocal process granuloma. Semiconductor laser wavelength was 810 nm,and the fiber diameter was 0.6 mm. The output power of the laser was 0.5-30 W,which was continuously adjustable. Combined with the self-retaining laryngoscope under a microscope,the granuloma was coagulated and vaporized by laser under contact and non-contact mode. ResultsFourteen patients were followed up for 2-4 years,11 cases of them were cured after one-time treatment,two cases recovered after the second treatment. Cure rate of 78.6% after one time treatment. Vocal cord function resumed with no significant complications. Then the criterion of efficacy determination was developed. ConclusionsUsing semiconductor laser with self-retaining laryngoscope to remove vocal process granuloma is a more advanced clinical means,which is significantly effective and reduces recurrence. And it is also a good supplemental treatment for post-operative recurrence of vocal process granuloma by traditional laryngoscope surgery. So this method is worth promoting in appropriate hospitals.


The paper is about the main political factors that were instrumental in the construction of the Diama and Manantali dams on the Senegal River. The lessons from the Senegal experience have relevance to other international river developments dependent on international concessionary financing, and the use of such international projects as a means of promoting regional development.


The burden of chronic lung disease is immense. The worldwide prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased by 44% since 1990, lung cancer has the highest incidence of all cancers, and the rates of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are increasing. While pharmacological treatments may help to manage the respiratory consequences of chronic lung diseases, for many of these diseases, optimal medication does not ameliorate symptoms, and patients continue to have reduced quality of life and hospitalizations. Rehabilitation is the process of helping a person achieve the highest possible level of function, independence and quality of life. For people with chronic lung diseases, rehabilitation addresses the non-respiratory sequelae of these diseases. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for people with COPD is widely accepted as a key component of management. More recently, the rehabilitation of people with chronic respiratory diseases other than COPD has demonstrated more evidence of effectiveness. The novel aspect of this review series of Rehabilitation in Chronic Respiratory Diseases is that experts from around the world have provided their knowledge and insights in the rehabilitation management of people, not only with COPD but also with ILD, asthma, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension and cystic fibrosis, and addressed some of the controversial areas in this domain. The series highlights the knowledge, and consequent knowledge gaps, in rehabilitation for chronic lung diseases and opens the path to areas in need of research. The effectiveness of PR is undisputed for COPD, and the growing evidence of effectiveness in other chronic lung diseases has led to the need to provide guidance regarding the provision of PR for ILD, bronchiectasis, lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension, outlined in the review by Granger et al., and for asthma, in the review by Osadnik and Singh. However, the availability of PR programmes is low compared with the need. The identification of which patients may benefit the most would help to make the best use of the limited places available for rehabilitation. The review by Rochester addresses the selection of patients for PR. While there are no clear identifiable characteristics that predict those who will be responsive to PR, symptoms of dyspnoea, fatigue and exercise intolerance may be good indicators for referral. In addition, patients who have been hospitalized with an exacerbation for COPD have been shown to benefit from post-exacerbation PR, and there is growing evidence of the benefit of post-exacerbation PR for other chronic lung diseases, detailed in the review by Ibrahim et al. A key theme in the reviews was the need for comprehensive assessment to identify treatable traits that can be addressed during rehabilitation. Such assessments should include the measurement of exercise capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, psychological status and coping skills, nutritional status, co-morbid conditions, levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, need for airway clearance interventions, educational needs and personal/home adaptations required to enable the performance of daily tasks. Using the findings from a comprehensive assessment and understanding the pathophysiological effects of respiratory impairments on ventilation during exercise may enable targeted strategies to aid exercise training (a core component of rehabilitation) in those with severe disease. The review by Armstrong and Vogiatzis addresses pathophysiological limitations to exercise in chronic lung diseases and provides personalized exercise training strategies to address these limitations. Vanfleteren and Glockl, in their review, provide evidence for 'add-on' interventions, such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation, inspiratory muscle training, non-invasive ventilation and whole-body vibration, which may be incorporated during rehabilitation to benefit patients with specific limitations identified through comprehensive assessment. The setting where rehabilitation is provided has created new controversies. Traditionally, largely due to funding sources, rehabilitation has been provided in centre-based settings. With the imperative to enable more patients to access rehabilitation, combined with the era of personalized medicine and engaging patients in decisions about their care, the settings where rehabilitation is available have expanded. Choice of setting may aid compliance with rehabilitation; however, some review authors expressed concern that some settings (e.g. home-based rehabilitation) may lead to variations in the amount of individual tailoring possible and may reduce the ability to address the specific needs of some patients. This has led to controversies over what can be termed 'pulmonary rehabilitation'. The review by Spruit and Wouters highlights the complex conditions that can be addressed in a sophisticated PR programme and provides food for thought about the


In this paper we recall that by construction Elko spinor fields of λ and ρ types satisfy a coupled system of first order partial differential equations (csfopde) that once interacted leads to Klein-Gordon equations for the λ and ρ type fields. Since the csfopde is the basic one and since the KleinGordon equations for λ and ρ possess solutions that are not solutions of the csfopde for λ and ρ we infer that it is legitimate to attribute to those fields mass dimension 3/2 (as is the case of Dirac spinor fields) and not mass dimension 1 as previously suggested in recent literature (see list of references). A proof of this fact is offered by deriving the csfopde for the λ and ρ from a Lagrangian where these fields have indeed mass dimension 3/2. Taking seriously the view that Elko spinor fields due to its special properties given by their bilinear invariants may be the description of some kind of particles in the real world a question then arises: what is the physical meaning of these fields? Here we proposed that the fields λ and ρ serve the purpose of building the fields K ∈ Cl(M,η) ⊗ R1,3 and M ∈ sec Cl(M,η) ⊗ R1,3 (see Eq.(38)). These fields are electrically neutral but carry magnetic like charges which permit them to couple to a su(2) ≃ spin3,0 ⊂ R 0 3,0 valued potential A ∈ sec 1T M ⊗ R3,0. If the field A is of short range the particles described by the K and M fields may be interacting and forming condensates of zero spin particles analogous to dark matter, in the sense that they do not couple with the electromagnetic field (generated by charged particles) and are thus invisible. Also, since according to our view the Elko spinor fields as well as the K and M fields are of mass dimension 3/2 we show how to calculate the correct propagators for the K and M fields. We discuss also the main difference between Elko and Majorana spinor fields, which are kindred since both belong to class five in Lounesto classification of spinor fields. Most of our presentation uses the representation of spinor fields in the Clifford bundle formalism, which makes very clear the meaning of all calculations.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global challenge for the world healthcare community. The use of favipiravir against COVID-19 was studied in various studies but its efficacy and side effects remain uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of favipiravir in patients suffering from coronavirus.The literature search was done by using several databases including MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct. To ensure the credibility and accuracy of the included articles we include only those studies that were published in indexed journals.  Furthermore, in this current review, we mainly include only those studies published from January 2015 to September2021. We included all the review and research articles published in the English language.The review of currently available literature suggests the use of favipiravir showed both some utility and side effects in patients diagnosed with coronavirus-19. Moreover, the use of this antiviral drug may show a promising role in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients and it may reduce the need for prolonged hospital stay and mechanical ventilation. But there is still a need to confirm the side effects and favipiravir efficacy in the patients suffering from this fatal disease.


This paper develops a model of the relationship between the solid waste recycling activities of industrial-commercial-institutional (ICI) firms and two sets of explanatory variables: characteristics of the firm and characteristics of the waste materials. The model is tested for six types of waste material (paper, paperboard, plastic, glass, wood, and metal) using logistic regression analysis and drawing on waste quantity and composition data collected from a sample of over 400 ICI firms in metropolitan Toronto. The percentage of firms recycling materials ranged from a high of 46 percent for paperboard to a low of 8 percent for plastics. In all of the models tested, quantity of waste material produced was found to be a significant explanatory variable in determining whether a firm will recycle that material. Other variables which were found to be significant in explaining recycling of some, but not all, material types were floor space of the firm, and type of economic activity. Despite theoretical support for its inclusion, employment was not found to be significant in any of the models.


ABSTRACT The accounting recognition of public infrastructure can be extremely complex. This article explores and discusses the key IPSAS definitions and reviews the national accounting frameworks of some countries as regards their criteria for recognizing these assets. The author makes an important contribution to public sector accounting research by presenting a new way of recognizing public infrastructure as an asset based on the control criterion. IMPACT The recognition of public infrastructure assets (for example road networks, transport infrastructure, bridges) is difficult because there is insufficient guidance in current IPSAS. Public sector entities need assistance when applying the IPSAS general recognition criteria. This article provides practical guidance on the use of 'control' for determining which public entity should recognize an infrastructure asset in its balance sheet. It will be of value to preparers of accounts, auditors and accounting scholars, supporting them in the process of developing specific accounting recognition criterion. This practical control criterion approach can promote consistency in the application of IPSAS and prevent double-counting or omissions of assets from accounts.


The location of laryngeal lesions sometimes complicates surgical treatment of laryngeal disease using laryngo-microsurgery. For treatment of these cases, laryngeal-fiberscopy via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was performed. LMA is a very useful device which provides an oropharyngeal airway and offers an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in these cases. Fifteen patients in whom laryngo-microsurgery was seemed difficult, were chosen for this study. Of these 15 patients, 4 were diagnosed with vocal cord polyps, 4 with papilloma, 3 with carcinoma, 2 with leukoplakia, 1 with a cyst and 1 with an angioma. The technique of laryngeal fiberscopy via LMA readily allows full examination of the larynx and trachea. This method facilitates precise biopsy and laser surgery of both the larynx and trachea. Use of the LMA is also recommended for treatment of cases of papilloma or malignancy, because it minimizes the risk of dissemination of malignant cells or papilloma cells to the trachea and lung. We concluded that this procedure is potentially very advantageous when laryngo-microsurgery is difficult to perform.


Abstract : This project was conducted as an intensive survey of the area affected by channel improvements along Horn Lake Creek and two of its tributaries. A study corridor of variable width, but generally 100 feet (30 m) from each bank was examined. Survey work was completed by Nov. 28, 1988, but completion of testing, mapping, and controlled surface collection of the one site found, a lithic scatter, was delayed until late December.


In this paper the facility to find the impact of tower shadow effect on voltage flicker initiated in the wind turbine output is developed. Concentric towers are developed using steel any suitable material pipe. The length of the pipe can be adjusted using sliding the pipe. Nut and bolts are used to fix the length of the pipe. There is a provision to fix the turbine on the tower. Tubular tower are formed using pipes. Pipes with different diameters are provided in the test set up. As length and height of the towers is varied the tower shadow effect is also varied. Artificial wind is created using blower fans. The impact of tower shadow effect on the voltage flicker output of the wind turbine is observed on digital storage oscilloscope. There is a provision to fix various types of generators on the towers. The experiment is conducted on the wind turbine scaled down models. The result can be scaled to the actual dimensions of the wind tower.


Abstract:This article studies how independent theater in 1970s Spain challenges the hegemonic narrative of the Spanish transition to democracy as a negotiated and nonconfrontational process. Focusing on four case studies of highly successful plays, it argues that theater offered a space for dissent and for debating the process of democratization. Using archival material and oral sources, it proposes to study what Kate Elswit calls "archives of watching" from testimonies of actors and audience members in order to problematize the memories of the performances. Moreover, examples of non-textual theater studied in this article cast new light on the debates about democracy and participation in the Spanish transition to democracy.


Reliably predicting the evolution of mechanical and chemical properties of reservoir rocks is crucial for efficient exploitation of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). For example, dissolution and precipitation of individual rock forming minerals often result in significant volume changes, affecting the hydraulic rock properties and chemical composition of fluid and solid phases. Reactive transport models are typically used to evaluate and predict the effect of the internal feedback of these processes. However, a quantitative evaluation of chemo-mechanical interaction in polycrystalline environments is elusive due to poorly constrained kinetic data of complex mineral reactions. In addition, experimentally derived reaction rates are generally faster than reaction rates determined from natural systems, likely a consequence of the experimental design: a) determining the rate of a single process only, e.g. the dissolution of a mineral, and b) using powdered sample materials and thus providing an unrealistically high reaction surface and at the same time eliminating the restrictions on element transport faced in-situ for fairly dense rocks. In reality, multiple reactions are coupled during the alteration of a polymineralic rocks in the presence of a fluid and the rate determining process of the overall reactions is often difficult to identify.


Development of production-based learning models carried out to seek validity, practicality and effectiveness in the application of technopreneur courses in universities. Production-based learning model is an alternative to develop students' skills, attitudes and knowledge that are relevant today. Research and development is used to test the validity of experts through Focus Group Discussions (FGD), then limited trials are carried out in the development of this production-based learning model. From the processes carried out, a new syntax development is produced which refers to the previous model syntax. The development of the syntax sequence is (1) an analysis of the curriculum and characteristics of students; (2) Product identification and analysis; (3) Make important questions about the product; (4) Question mapping; (5) analysis of equipment and materials needed for the product to be made; (6) create a business plan (7) product manufacturing process; (8) small-scale operations that include promotion and sales, (9). Summative evaluation; From the stages of the research carried out, the resulting Aiken's V value is 0.812 with a valid category, while the calculation of the Effectiveness value gets the results of 82.22 (effective) and Practicality of 89.33 (very practical). So it can be said that the production-based learning development model has validity, practicality and effectiveness values that meet the requirements, so it is feasible to apply.


The need for more realistic network models led to the development of the dynamic network flow theory. In dynamic flow models it takes time for the flow to pass an arc, the flow can be delayed at nodes, and the network parameters, e.g., the arc capacities, can change in time. Surprisingly perhaps, despite being closer to reality, dynamic flow models have been overshadowed by the classical, static model. This is largely due to the fact that while very efficient solution methods exist for static flow problems, dynamic flow problems have proved to be more difficult to solve. Our purpose with this overview is to compensate for this eclipse and introduce dynamic flows to the interested reader. To this end, we present the main flow problems that can appear in a dynamic network, and review the literature for existing results about them. Our approach is solution oriented, as opposed to dealing with modelling issues. We intend to provide a survey that can be a first step for readers wondering whether a given dynamic network flow problem has been solved or not. Besides restating the problems, we also describe the main proposed solution methods. An additional feature of this paper is an annotated list of the most important references about the subject. Key-words: Flows, dynamic networks, time-dependent flows, algorithms, complexity This work was partially supported by the European FET project CRESSCO and the French CNRS AS Dynamo. I3S & INRIA Sophia Antipolis. The author received a scholarship from the European RTN project ARACNE. Un état de l'art commenté sur les réseaux de flots dynamiques Résumé : Un réseau de flots est dit dynamique si la traversée des arcs prend du temps, si le flot peut être retenu dans les nœuds, ou encore si les paramètres du réseau, par example, la capacité des arcs, peut évoluer au cours du temps. Dans ce rapport nous proposons un état de l'art des principaux problèmes liés aux réseaux de flots dynamiques, qui se veut une introduction au domaine. Nous y présentons les problèmes, les principales méthodes proposées pour les résoudre et nous fournissons une liste annotée des principales références bibliographiques sur le sujet. Mots-clés : Flots, résaux dynamiques, flots dynamiques, algorithmes, complexité An annotated overview of dynamic network flows 3


of oxygen to patients seems to be easy, this procedure can include some risks. In this article, try to show you how this procedure can perform in a safe manner. for oxygen. Oxygen therapy is effective in order to increase blood oxygen and provide sufficient oxygen to patients' tissues. This oxygen can decrease the additional load on patients' heart and lung. However, using of supplemental oxygen does not capable to correct underlining cause of oxygen deficiency.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of tolterodine plus tamsulosin in rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)induced low urinary tract syndrome(LUTS).Methods Male rats were castrated,then testosterone propionate were given by subcutaneous injection to induce BPH/LUTS model.Model rats were intragastrically administrated with 0.4mg/kg of tolterodine,0.04mg/kg of tamsulosin or(0.4+0.04)mg/kg of tolterodine plus tamsulosin for 14 days and urodynamics,residual urine volume and volume of bladder were mearsured.Results Tolterodine plus tamsulosin could simultaneously shorten the micturition duration,prolong the interval duration between micturition,decrease the threshold intravesical pressure at micturition and the max intravesical Pressure at micturition significantly.The combined-therapy method could also decrease the residual urine volume to a certein extent and had no obvious influence on enlarging the volume of bladder(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Combination treatment with tolterodine and tamsulosin may efficiently ameliorate bladder outlet obstrution and overactive bladder simultaneously,with no extra danger of uroschesis.

Key words:
Prostatic hyperplasia; Low urinary tract syndrome; Tolterodine; Tamsulosin


European cities and regions are facing the crucial challenge of greening their economy towards more sustainable patterns. Politicians and policy-makers should promote new policies for sustainable growth including renewables, greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency and biodiversity. All of these aspects can be considered as a boost for local and regional economy. In this regard, European countries and regions can benefit from the Europe 2020 Strategy which is defined as Europe's blueprint for a smart, sustainable and inclusive future, providing a ten year roadmap for growth and jobs. EU2020S was designed as a European exit strategy from the global economic and financial crisis in view of new European economic governance. This study discusses the above issues regarding Italy and intends to provide some answers on the perspectives of the new EU2020S. It draws from a research project supported by ESPON, the S.I.E.S.T.A. Project, focused on the territorial dimension of the EU2020S. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing Italian regional patterns on climate change, green economy and energy within the context of EU2020S and at providing policy recommendations for better achieving the goals of the Strategy.


The international law on piracy is straightforward and provides all the legal authority needed to combat pirate attacks off the coast of Somalia. The real difficulties arise in national legal systems' implementation of that law and its application in individual cases. This chapter aims to sketch the legal framework and explain where problems may arise, and some of the steps that are being taken to address those problems, as well as to dispel some of the legal myths and misapprehensions that surround this field. The high seas are all waters outside any territorial sea, meaning that piracy can also be committed in states' 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zones. While the UN Security Council has passed a significant number of resolutions on Somali piracy, they do not greatly alter the existing law. In conclusion, international law provides all the necessary legal authority to suppress piracy in the Gulf of Aden. Keywords: Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ); international law on piracy; piracy in Gulf of Aden; Somali piracy; UN Security Council


desire, and the hub of transparency in today's developed and commodified world. DV, represents a technical convergence and expansive confirmation of these powers. This arises from advances in four areas: • firstly, from the inexpensive accessibility of the tools; • secondly, from the ready synthesis of digitally captured and simulated sources ; • thirdly, from the promotion of the 'home movie' society,; • fourthly, in the personalization of time as the cardinal navigational interface with events.


The empirical effects of exchange rate policy and changes in absorption on the relative price of nontraded goods in Chile are examined. Three alternative theories of relative-price determination in a developing economy are tested: purchasing power parity, sector-specific factors, and sticky wages. The estimation results, obtained using both classical and Bayesian methods, favor the sticky-wages theory. Thus, as long as public sector wages are not fully indexed, a devaluation will have a lasting effect on the relative price of nontraded goods.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are both devastating neurodegenerative conditions. Despite affecting different regions of the nervous system (FTD affecting primarily the frontal and temporal lobes, whilst ALS presents with motor neuron loss), there is significant overlap between these conditions in terms of genetics, pathology, and disease mechanisms, and they are therefore often grouped as a spectrum of symptoms under the heading FTD/ALS (Abramzon et al., 2020). Significantly, there is currently no cure for ALS or FTD. However, recent mechanistic insight points to a novel pathway to target for potential therapeutic intervention.


Let n similar components with Weibull lives be put on life-test simultaneously, and let the first r failures be observed. A prediction interval for failure-time X/sub k/, 0<r<k/spl les/n, is constructed. An explicit formula is obtained for computing quantiles of a relevant pivotal statistic. Prediction intervals based on various estimators of parameters and methods are compared. The results can be used to predict the failure-time of a k-out-of-n:F system.


Instead of expensive and complicated diagnostic equipment, low-cost infrared cameras can record vein images noninvasively and simply. However, the recorded image may induce low contrast and a worse signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. To solve this problem, an effective image filtering method to catch vein shapes will enable the early detection of disease. Therefore, a new filtering method based on the genetic algorithm (GA) with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm was proposed for the analysis of vein images acquired from a near-infrared (780 nm) CCD camera. The new filter was automatically designed by the GA to modify the worse S/N ratio of vein images, with an unknown correct image answer. If the proposed filtering method is incorporated into the e-healthcare application, it could be widely distributed through smart phones or tablets.


THE pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome is not entirely clear. The alterations in the electrophoretic pattern of the serum and its albumin fractions in nephrotic patients, 1 along with changes in the esterase activity of their plasma, 2 have focused attention on the liver as the source of these modifications. 3 These reports, however, have not been conclusive. A study of any metabolic process involving the integrity of both renal and hepatic activity for its ultimate consummation would be helpful in the evaluation of the role played by each organ. This observation would be particularly true, if, knowing the specific function of each organ involved, one could measure alterations in the intermediate and end products of the metabolic cycle in nephrotic subjects. It might then be possible to indicate the system at fault. The metabolism of creatinine lends itself well to such an investigation. The process is initiated in the


Martial dedicated many epigrams to the four successive emperors of Rome with whom he had been contemporary: Titus, Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. In all the poet's volumes, his epigrams were similar with respect of their underlying strategy even if they were praising a different sovereign. Each time the poet depicted the current emperor as a perfect ruler, endowed with the most noble virtues and in total contrast with the previous monarch who was loaded with vices. During the reign of Nerva, while recurring to his usual tactics of praising the current leader and attacking the previous one, Martial arrived in the position of posthumously denigrating Domitian whom he had adulated many years before.


This paper has described key effect of the leading enterprise of agricultural industrialization in promoting peasants to raise an increase , and have analysed the current situation of agricultural leading enterprise's development of industrialization of Hunan, and has put forward four major countermeasures of developing agricultural leading enterprises of industrialization accordingly.


The present invention relates to an organic EL device and a method of manufacturing the same, in particular to reduce the influence from UV light during the manufacturing process of the organic EL device. Forming an active matrix substrate composed of the substrate, pad portions, light-emitting region, a plurality of transistors according to the present invention, forming a protective film to include a plurality of transistors in addition to part the light emitting region of the active matrix substrate , steps and said first insulating film on a substrate is formed a first electrode, an organic EL layer, a consists of forming a second electrode light is transmitted toward the first electrode forming a first electrode on the light emitting region of the active matrix substrate forming an active matrix substrate formed with the manufacturing steps of the organic EL device of the bottom emission type, the substrate, pad portions, light-emitting region, a plurality of transistors, comprising the steps of forming the planarizing film on the active matrix substrate, wherein planarizing film and reflecting light at the top, for the first electrode to protect the transistor from the sun And forming a reflection film, in the production step of the organic EL device of top emission method consists of the step of the insulating film on a substrate wherein the reflective film is formed, forming an organic EL layer, a second electrode which is the light transmitting toward the second electrode , when producing this organic EL device in the same way, due to the protective film and the reflecting film with high efficiency than to protect the transistor from the ultraviolet rays generated when making the organic EL device is produced a stable organic EL device.


The reactions of chlorinated ethylenes with hydrated electrons and OH radicals have been investigated by using the method of pulse radiolysis. In addition γ-ray experiments were carried out. The reduction of the solutes occurs via a dissoziation electron capture process. The rate constant for the reaction of eaq⊖ with the more chlorinated compounds is essentially diffusion controlled (k= (1 - 2×1010 l-mole-1 sec-1). Vinylchloride and 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene react more slowly. This can be related to the higher stability of the C-Cl bond in these compounds. Hydroxyl radicals add to the C=C double bond of the chlorinated ethylenes. The rate constant for the reaction with vinylchloride was determined to 7.1 × 109 1 · mole-1 sec-1, and decreases with increasing degree of chlorination of the ethylenes. This effect is explained by the decreasing electron density on the C-atoms and steric hinderance. The hydroxyl radical always adds to the C-atom carrying the smallest number of Cl-atoms. In its reaction with 1,2-dichloro-, trichloro- and tetrachloroethylene a radical is produced with an OH group and a Cl-atom on the same C-atom. It eliminates HCl to form a C=O bond with k>7 × 105 sec-1. The type radical produced in this reaction has an optical absorption in the near UV (ε265 nm = (1-3)×103 1 · mole-1 cm-1). The OH radical addition products of vinylchloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene do not eliminate HCl and have no absorption in the visible and near UV.


The paper focuses on the history of Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology. Its 60-year results are presented. The Institute current activities and research perspectives are reflected.


Several studies have identified discrepancies between the popularity of items in user profiles and the corresponding recommendation lists. Such behavior, which concerns a variety of recommendation algorithms, is referred to as popularity bias. Existing work predominantly adopts simple statistical measures, such as the difference of mean or median popularity, to quantify popularity bias. Moreover, it does so irrespective of user characteristics other than the inclination to popular content. In this work, in contrast, we propose to investigate popularity differences (between the user profile and recommendation list) in terms of median, a variety of statistical moments, as well as similarity measures that consider the entire popularity distributions (Kullback-Leibler divergence and Kendall's τ rank-order correlation). This results in a more detailed picture of the characteristics of popularity bias. Furthermore, we investigate whether such algorithmic popularity bias affects users of different genders in the same way. We focus on music recommendation and conduct experiments on the recently released standardized LFM-2b dataset, containing listening profiles of Last.fm users. We investigate the algorithmic popularity bias of seven common recommendation algorithms (five collaborative filtering and two baselines). Our experiments show that (1) the studied metrics provide novel insights into popularity bias in comparison with only using average differences, (2) algorithms less inclined towards popularity bias amplification do not necessarily perform worse in terms of utility (NDCG), (3) the majority of the investigated recommenders intensify the popularity bias of the female users.


Along with the development of times, especially computer technology is evolving rapidly. Among others in terms of accounting activities which currently have been using computers as a means of processing and data storage. One of these activities is in terms of merchandise inventory. Manually recording inventory will take a long time, ineffective, and inefficient. Instead of recording by the computer system is very helpful to generate information quickly, accurately, and easily. In this research, it will be made a software to implement a system based on computer merchandise inventory by using the perpetual system moving-average method.The implementation of merchandise inventory system indicates that recording process based on computer is more effective than using manual methods by noting the book inventory manually. For the by the building this system, it can improve merchandise inventory system management strategies better to support the decision making by management.

Keywords :inventory, Perpetual System, Moving-average Method


Study on the elemental composition of soils at dumpsites was conducted by analyzing samples of soil
at different dumpsites located within Ado-Ekiti and Ijero Ekiti, South Western Nigeria. The samples were
analysed for the concentration of Pb, Ni, Nn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, organic matter and silt + clay: control soil
samples were taken away from the dumpsites. The result of the analysis shows a significant difference between
the concentration of these elements in the dumpsites and control (P < 0.05). Correlations between them were
negative in some cases and positive in some cases.
Coliform bacteria such as Bacillus Megatarium, Chromatium Violasceus, bacillus substilis, Klebsiella
Rhinosederomalis, Kurthia Zopfi, Clostridium Spirogenes, Bacillus Lichenifermis, Xanthomas fraganie, Bacillus
cereus were present in the soil.
The moderately high concentrations of heavy metal in dumpsites and microbial present likely indicated
that the environmental quality has been significantly affected hence remediation processes were suggested


This paper presents a characterization method for millimeter wave (mmWave) phased array antennas in the mobile terminal for 5G communication. Arrays of different antenna designs, operating at 28 GHz, are evaluated according to novel characterization methods in this context - the total scan pattern of the phased array and its respective coverage efficiency. The results show the relevance of evaluating antenna array designs according to these characteristics, and illustrate, by introducing pattern diversity through sub-array schemes, that the coverage efficiency can be enhanced.


The RFQ beam dynamics of a heavy ion linac was investigated in this paper and the BEAMPATH code was employed in this study. The main research was focused on the beam performances depending on longitudinal acceptance, RF properties, beam instability and space charge effect. The RFQ has large longitudinal acceptance in design, which brings the beam performances well. In the RF parameter study, the beam can keep good transmission in the acceleration even the vane voltage is larger than the theoretical value. It is also shown that the RFQ has a large robustness for the mismatch of the input beam by the analysis of the beam instability. Furthermore, the beam evolution is independent on the space charge effect when the beam current is less than 0.5 em A. The preliminary analysis of the beam dynamics shows that the 53.667 MHz heavy ion RFQ has a promising performance, which meets the requirements of SSC-LINAC.


An investigation has been carried out into the development and maintenance of wear-protective oxide on iron-12 per cent chromium-base alloys during sliding in air at 20–600°C, with particular reference to the effects of temperature, of intermittent changes in temperature, and of sliding speed. It has been established that the wear-protective surface develops on and from compacted oxide and oxide-coated metal debris and involves deformation of the oxide. The wear process in the early stages of sliding generates metallic wear debris particles. These are fractured and re-fractured until they have a high surface to volume ratio. These surfaces are oxidized at the ambient temperature, to produce considerable amounts of oxide debris. Additional amounts are generated by transient oxidation of the specimen surfaces and removal of this oxide during each transversal of the sliding action. The rate of production of such oxide debris is determined by the ease of fracture of the metal debris and the rate of oxidation. Under these sliding conditions, this results in a minimum in the time required to generate a wear-protective oxide surface at 400°C. Development of such a surface takes a longer period at higher and lower temperatures, and indeed it does not develop at all at room temperature. Once established, the wear-protective oxide remains adherent and stable during isothermal sliding at 300°C and higher temperatures. Thermal stresses imparted by cooling to room temperature and reheating to 300° C do not cause loss of effectiveness of the oxide on subsequent further sliding at 300°C. However, subsequent sliding at room temperature results in rapid breakdown of the oxide and metal-metal contact, presumably due to a decrease in plasticity of the fine oxide debris with decreasing temperature or to a decrease in the adhesion between the oxide and the metal substrate or in oxide cohesion.


IntroductionBiomechanists have been trying to obtain integrated and accurate human motion data. However, it is not so easy, because some have limitation of accuracy, some have limitation of the observation area, and some are expensive.For example, motion capturing can obtain whole body motion data, but needs space, is expensive, but only surface motion could be obtained. So is not so sensitive for the bone rotation. Sensors of pressure, acceleration, and so forth are less expensive and less hard to use, but the data are limited. 2D–3D shape matching such as Jointtrack can describe bone motion including rotation, but the detectable area is limited by the size of flat panel fluoroscopy.In this study, we have combined multiple joint motion analysis by Jointtrack and reconstructed full lower extremities' motion.MethodPelvis, bilateral femurs, and bilateral tibiae geometries were obtained from CAT scan using Mimics®. Gait motion fluoroscopy was done on a treadmill around hip joints and knee joints (Fig.1). On ...


Self-directed learning (SDL) is a means of providing students with an opportunity to teach themselves skills that will serve them well throughout life. The development of such skills should be seen as existing alongside those taught by teachers; it is often the case that SDL teaches students how to learn, as well as what to learn. When students are encouraged to partake in SDL it not only enables them to think for themselves, it also reduces the burden on specific teachers and faculty members who might be responsible for hundreds of students. A team of researchers based at four universities in Japan have come together to develop a Self-Tailored Educational Portal System (STEPS). The team is composed of Professors Takeshi Matsuda and Hiroshi Kato, and Associate Professors Nobuhiko Kondo, Yuki Watanabe and Katsusuke Shigeta. The central idea behind STEPS is to provide advice to students and enable them to make decisions based on available data.


In the present experiment,wheat seedlings(Trticucum aestivum L.)were grown on a purple soil with various fertilizer treatments in order to investigate the responses of nitrogen and related enzyme activities in the rhizosphere,The results revealed the increments of both organic matter and total N in the soil with the proximity to the growing roots,especially in treatment of supplying pig manure in combination with chemical fertilizer,suggesting that they could ome from root and microorganism exudation which could be intensified by inorganic-organic fertiliztion,being of benefit to improving the physical and bilogical envi-ronment in the rhizosphere of wheat.Much more inorganic N was observed in the fertilized soils surrounding wheat roots than in the CK treatment ,indicating ,the improvement of crop N supply in the rhizosphere of wheat by fertilization. The activities of invertase,urease and protease in the root zone were greatly enhanced as compared to those in the other parts of soil except that the urease activities were similar in the rhizospher and nonrhi-zosphere of the CK and pig manure treatments,indicating that invertase and protese could be produced by growing roots and rhizosphere microorganisms,in contrast to urease which could be stimulated by urea,Also,significant increment of chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure,suggested that fertilization not only accelerated the renewal of organic matter bu also enhanced bioavailability of organic N in that soil zone .This could be the reason why the total amount of inorganic N available for plants was increased more obviously in the rhizosphere of wheat of the fertilizaton treatments than in taht of the CK treatment.


The application characteristics of box substation is discussed,based on which the design shortcomings of traditional secondary equipment are analyzed.As the special distribution devices placed at the load center,the secondary equipment of box substation must be designed specially.The hardware and software design of the intelligent integrated management terminal used in box substation is provided and its key techniques are analyzed.It is prospective to the power distribu-tion systems in China.


This subject,based on water diversion project in central southern Ningxia,studies engineering properties of soft rock in soft rock tunnel and gives the scientific basis for engineering design,construction and safety operation. In the subject,some properties of weak surrounding rocks,including the hydro-physical properties,swell-shrink property,rheological properties,mechanical properties and deformation mechanism,have been studied by several methods of exploration,the laboratory tests,the in-situ tests,the genetic mechanism method. From composition and existing environmen of the soft rock,it reveals the difference of the soft rock property between areas and the deformation law of the weak surrounding rock with the change of environment. It also puts forward supporting time and supporting measures of the tunnel in the layered soft surrounding rock with gentle occurrence. Due to its its strong hydrophilicity,a series of argillaceous soft rocks of Tertiary and Cretaceous,which are widely distributed in central and southern Ningxia area,have the characteristics of swell-shrink,slaking,rheology,time effect and sensitivity to the environment and are liable to cause the deformation failure of the tunnel. In consideration of the principle of engineering safety and investment control,this research result puts forward effective measurements that can be taken to inhibit or reduce the adverse impact on the mudstone engineering from excavation method,protection time and supporting technology.


Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is known to improve semen quality for men with infertility, but there are no published algorithms to predict the changes in an individual's semen parameters following CC therapy. Since there are multiple options to treat men with infertility, a model to predict the outcomes of CC therapy would allow men to make a more informed decision on their treatment choices.  Methods: This is a prospective study on a cohort of 121 infertile men being treated empirically with CC 25 mg every other day for a minimum of three months.  Men were included if they did not have other active fertility therapies other than the use of supplements.  Semen samples and a hormone profile (including total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH)) were provided prior to and at least three months after initiation of therapy.  The patient age, pre-CC hormone values and semen parameters were used to develop a nomogram to predict the post-CC hormone values and semen parameters. The model was developed with predictors selected using backward selection methods by minimizing root mean square error evaluated on 500 bootstrap runs. A zero-inflated negative binomial modeling (ZINB) approach was used to model sperm concentration and sperm motility.  A generalized linear model for the Gamma distribution was used to model testosterone. A linear model was used to model log transformed LH, FSH and semen volume.  Results:  Post-CC sperm parameters and hormone values were predicted by the pre-CC sperm concentration, hormone values and patient.  Nomograms were developed to predict the outcomes of CC therapy based on pre-CC parameters.     Conclusion:   These new models will help physicians personalize care by predicting the outcomes of therapy and allow clinicians to tailor the treatment to the individual couple.


This Element explains Nietzsche's ethics in his late works, from 1886 onwards. The first three sections explain the basics of his ethical theory – its context and presuppositions, its scope and its central tension. The next three sections explore Nietzsche's goals in writing a history of Christian morality (On the Genealogy of Morality), the content of that history and whether he achieves his goals. The last two sections take a broader look, respectively, at Nietzsche's wider philosophy in the light of his ethics and at the prospects for a Nietzschean ethics after Nietzsche.


Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) present with drug‐resistant epilepsy in about 60% of cases, and evaluation for epilepsy surgery may be warranted. Correct delineation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) among multiple dysplastic lesions on MRI represents a challenging step in pre‐surgical evaluation.


Kunming is one of the tenth most popular international tourism city in China.In order to regard the tourism as one of the new backbone industries of Kunming,it is essential to develop a integrative tourism information system including introduction,guide,organization,web issuing and electric business. Kunming tourism information system is designed with C/S structure through which joins GIS to web.


A self-service guide for career exploration and development for PCC students and staff. Tools and resources to help you learn about your unique preferences.


Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetectors (LAPPDs) are photosensors based on microchannel plate technology with about 400 cm$^2$ sensitive area. The external readout plane of a capacitively coupled LAPPD can be segmented into pads providing a spatial resolution down to 1 mm scale. The LAPPD signals have about 0.5 ns risetime followed by a slightly longer falltime and their amplitude reaches a few dozens of mV per single photoelectron. In this article, we report on the measurement of the time resolution of an LAPPD prototype in a test beam exercise at CERN PS. Most of the previous measurements of LAPPD time resolution had been performed with laser sources. In this article we report time resolution measurements obtained through the detection of Cherenkov radiation emitted by high energy hadrons. Our approach has been demonstrated capable of measuring time resolutions as fine as 25-30 ps. The available prototype had performance limitations, which prevented us from applying the optimal high voltage setting. The measured time resolution for single photoelectrons is about 80 ps r.m.s.


Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) for lithium-ion batteries is considered as perfect cathode material for various military applications, especially underwater combat vehicles. For deployment at high rate applications, the low conductivity of LiFePO4 needs to be improved. Cationic substitution of niobium in the native carbon coated LiFePO4 is one of the methods to enhance the conductivity. In the present work, how the niobium doped solid solution could be formed is studied. Nanopowders of LiFePO4/C and Li1−xNbxFePO4/C (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.16) are synthesized from precursors using microwave synthesis. The solid solution formation up to (x = 0.15) Li1−xNbxFePO4/C without impurity phases is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) results. Particle distribution is obtained by scanning electron microscope from the synthesized powders. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results qualitatively confirmed the presence of niobium. Also, direct current (dc) conductivities are measured using sintered pellets and activation energies are calculated using Arrhenius equation. The dependence of conductivity and activation energy of LiFePO4/C on variation of niobium doping is investigated in this study. CR2032 type coin cells are fabricated with the synthesized materials and subjected to cyclic voltammetry studies, rate capability and cycle life studies. Diffusion coefficients are obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. It is observed that room temperature dc conductivity improved by niobium doping when compared to LiFePO4/C (0.379 × 10−2 S/cm) and is maximum for Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C (40.58 × 10−2 S/cm). It is also observed that diffusion coefficient of Li+ in Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C (13.306 × 10−9 cm2 s−1) improved by two orders of magnitude in comparison with the pure LiFePO4 (10 − 12 cm2 s−1) and carbon-coated nano LiFePO4/C (0.632 × 10−11 cm2 s−1). Cells with Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C are able to deliver useful capacity of around 104 mAh/g at 10 C rate. More than 500 cycles are achieved with Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C at 20 C rate.


S— Ear 215 Interpretation of Hearing Tests. Stacy R. Guild; Evaluation of Dizziness. David D. DeWeese. CEsophagus . . . . . . . . . . 216 Diagnosis of Lesions near the Cardia. John H. Fitzgibbon. Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . 216 Anticoagulant Therapy in Surgery. Geza De Takats ; Laryngeal versus Gastric Cultures in the Detection of Tubercle Bacilli. M. Duggan and Laura Delamater. G E N E R A L N O T E S 218 For Advertisement space in this Journal apply to : HEADLEY BROTHERS, 109 Kingsway, London, W.C.2 Please mention The Journal of Laryngology when replying to advertisements


Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been shown by genetic and biochemical evidence to be essential for the development of the immune system. In order to study ADA gene structure, regulation and expression, we have isolated mouse cell lines which contain amplified copies of ADA genes. In some cell lines ADA accounts for more than 75% of the soluble protein, representing an increase of 11,400 fold over parental cells. A cDNA library was constructed in pBR322 using an amplified cell line. Functional mouse ADA cDNA clones were isolated by genetic complementation of ADA-deficient E. coli. Analysis of plasmids containing functional ADA cDNA sequences suggested that ADA expression resulted mainly from β-lactamase/ADA fusion proteins. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.65 kb insert was determined and found to contain a 1.056 kb open-reading frame (ORF). When this ORF was inserted into a bacterial expression vector, only a single band of murine ADA was detected upon starch gel analysis. This ORF was placed in a mammalian expression vector and introduced into COS cells where a high level of authentic murine ADA was obtained. A variety of rodent cell lines have been transformed using this vector. Helper-free preparations of retroviruses have been prepared which are capable of transducing functional ADA cDNA into cultured mammalian cells. These retroviral vectors should allow us to introduce the gene into hematopoietic stem cells.


The invention discloses a marine water pump control device with a wireless sensing function, and a control method and an adjustment method thereof. The device comprises a wireless sensing control module which consists of n wireless sensing control nodes, a communication control center and a management terminal. The methods comprise the following steps that: the wireless sensing control nodes acquire inlet pressure, outlet pressure, outlet flow and water quality information of a marine water pump, control the operating current or voltage of the water pump and have the wireless communication function; the communication control center is used to be communicated with the wireless sensing control nodes and is used for receiving an acquisition and adjustment command transmitted by a host and forwarding the command to a corresponding wireless sensing control node; and the management terminal manages and controls the wireless sensing control nodes through the communication control center. Thedevice has high flexibility and a simple system, is convenient to operate and maintain and saves cost; and by the device and the methods, efficiency and maneuverability are improved, and the defects of the conventional marine water pump control device are solved well.


Experimental results are reported for a series of microemulsion displacement tests carried out in a consolidated core of medium permeability (1.75 μm2). The interfacial tension and viscosity were varied from 0.02 to 32.0 mN/m and 2.0 to 26.0 mN · s/m2, respectively. The amount of oil unrecovered is correlated as a function of capillary number, Nc. Results are compared with those obtained by other workers who used porous media of low permeability and the relative importance of capillary and viscous forces at various stages of oil mobilization is discussed.

On donne des resultats experimentaux pour une serie de tests de deplacement de microemulsion realises dans un noyau consolide ayant une permeabilite moyenne (1,75 μm2). On a fait varier la tension interfaciale et la viscosite de 0,02 a 32,0 mN/m et de 2,0 a 26,0 mN · s/m2, respectivement. La quantite de petrole recuperee est correlee en fonction du nombre capillaire, Nc. Les resultats sont compares a ceux obtenus par d'autres chercheurs qui utilisent un milieu poreux de faible permeabilite, et on etudie l'importance relative des forces de viscosite et de capillarite a differents stades de la mise en mouvement du petrole.


Abstract An efficient, safe and cost effective synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites is described. The amine hydrochloride produced as a by-product during the synthesis of nucleoside phosphorbisamidite is used as an internal activator in the synthesis of phosphoramidites.


The development of a large-scale HVDC power grid requires a reliable, fast and low-loss hybrid HVD circuit breaker. The high speed disconnect switch is an essential part of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker concept. The objective of this paper is to design an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism for high speed vacuum disconnect switch of a hybrid HVDC circuit breaker and meet the premise that the motion distance of the moving contact is larger than 10mm in the first 2ms. A multi-physics FEM simulation model that can predict the dynamic characteristics of high speed vacuum disconnect switch with a high degree of accuracy is developed. The parameters of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism are analyzed and a brute force optimization algorithm is implemented to obtain the optimal model of the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism. The developed model was validated experimentally with a built a high speed vacuum disconnect switch prototype and the results show that the proposed model can be used to accurately predict the performances of high speed vacuum disconnect switch.


The present invention relates to a hub nut caulking apparatus is docked on the axle assembly. The hub nut caulking apparatus comprising: a guide position setting, when the hub nut caulking apparatus is docked to the axle assembly, a position setting position of the guide wheel set the caulking nut; caulking unit , hub nut by said wheel caulking compression position; the drive means, the drive air pressure to provide a pressure rod driven forward to the caulking unit; and a drive control unit for controlling the driving unit to have only the caulking position set by the position of the driving rod forwardly when the guide is completed. Convenience, security and efficiency of the caulking work is increased, and the apparatus is simplified, thereby significantly improving the productivity.


The smoked process of horsemeat was optimized by response surface analysis.Based on the single factor test,the smoking time,smoking temperature and smoking humidity as independent variables,the sensory evaluation as response value,the quadratic regression equation mathematical model was set up though the Box-Behnken experimental design,then the response surface analysis was conducted.The results showed that the optimal technological conditions of smoked were smoked time 6 h,smoke temperature 60 ℃,smoked humidity 70%.Under the conditions,the sensory evaluation scores of smoked horsemeat was highest,the color and flavor was the best.


SUMMARY Selective intubation of a main bronchus during thoracotomy in three young children is described. Modified endotracheal tubes were used to intubate the left main bronchus in an infant with a right bronchopleural fistula and the right main bronchus in two children aged 3 years, one of whom had a foreign body in the left main bronchus, and the other a left empyema thoracis. In these cases the technique was simple and satisfactory.


Qualified and healthy lifestyle consists of extensive broad dimensions of physical health, resistance against diseases, fast recovery following disease, better social communications, flexibility in facing social problems, better education, better interactions, stress management, transcendental individual and social behavior, as well as morality. A variety of the contemporary academic studies and scientific findings secure emphases on the effects of environmental conditions and social policies on community mental function and cognitive proficiency related processes in healthy lifestyle formation.