This paper discuss es the theory of adjusting cavity technology for laser gyro , analyse s how to obtain excellent beat frequency, and on this basis a large number of experiments have been done to certify the exactitude and feasibility of the analyse. The precision of adjusting cavity of gyro will influence the lock -in , lasing threshold and bias stability , while the precision of adjusting cavity is directly co nnec ted with the optical beat frequency of laser gyro . So it is the key of adjusting cavity to obtain the excellent beat frequency signal. Because basic mode of beat frequency is determined by the relationship between cavity length of laser gyro and input laser wavelength, na mely it is the brightest when it is fit for the equation � q L = and the darkest


The leaf methanolic extract of Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell was investigated for toxicity and analgesic effects. Acute toxicity was investigated via intraperitoneal route using mice and rats, analgesic activity was investigated using two models; acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and formalin induced pain in rats. The extract was determined to have LD (50) of 1264.91 mg/kg in both mice and rats. It significantly (0.001) inhibited acetic acid-induced writhes in mice at all doses administered (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) in a dose dependent manner and significantly (0.01) inhibited formalin induced pain in rats, in a non-dose dependent manner. The inhibitory effect observed was higher in the extract compared to the standard used (piroxicam). The results obtained suggested the extract to be relatively toxic in both mice and rats with a dose dependent anti-nociceptive activity.


Phthalates are multifunctional synthetic chemicals found in a wide array of consumer and industrial products, mainly used to improve the mechanical properties of plastics, giving them flexibility and softness. In the European Union, phthalates are prohibited at levels greater than 0.1% by weight in most food packaging. In the current study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized, through the multivariate optimization process, and validated to evaluate the occurrence of four common phthalates, di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), and 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl (BDE), in different food packaging. The best extraction efficiency was achieved using the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber at 80 °C for 30 min. The validated method showed good linearity, precision (RSD < 13%), and recoveries (90.2 to 111%). The limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 µg/L and from 0.10 to 0.24 µg/L, respectively. On average, the phthalates concentration varied largely among the assayed food packaging. DIBP was the most predominant phthalate in terms of occurrence (71.4% of analyzed simples) and concentration (from 3.61 to 10.7 μg/L). BBP was quantified in only one sample and BDE was detected in trace amounts (


Optimizing complex industrial processes can help improve overall productivity, minimize down-times, and reduce operational costs. Traditionally plant managers have accomplished this by installing sub-metering devices for specific processes. However, sub-metering devices are expensive, require complex installation procedures, and need customization on the factory floor to get the data to the enterprise cloud. Furthermore, interpreting the acquired data and implementing suitable actions require significant subject matter expertise and a comprehensive understanding of the loads' energy consumption profiles and their exposure to power quality disturbances. As a result, this is often prohibitively expensive for small or medium scale facilities. This paper proposes a novel architecture for gaining actionable insights from the various processes being monitored. At the heart of the system is an 'intelligent terminal block' (ITB) that gathers process specific data such as voltage, current, and power consumption and performs edge computing in a decentralized fashion. From the acquired data, the ITB can help minimize downtime through fault diagnostics and predictive maintenance, provide situational awareness by recording power quality disturbances and their effect on equipment, and enable cost savings through energy efficiency insights like CVR factor estimation. The ITB itself requires minimal customization on the factory floor and uses existing communication back-hauls to report these insights to the cloud, capable of working with intermittent connectivity. This architecture allows plant managers to economically obtain significant insights into the plant's operation.


This article studies such verbal requirements for police documentation as accuracy, precise, plain and formal and analyses the common errors.


The animals (other than controls) used in this experiment were trapped upon the U.S. Marine Hospital Reservation at Fort Stanton, New Mexico. After they had been kept in captivity for several weeks an effort was made to determine the susceptibility of the several species to infection with the plague bacillus. The culture of B. pestis used was one that had been isolated from the spleen of a naturally infected ground squirrel about two months prior to the present experiments. The third generation on agar was used, the culture having been grown for 72 hours at 370 C. In the case of the animals in which the culture was inoculated


Many astrophysical flows occur in inhomogeneous media. We briefly discuss some general properties of the adiabatic and radiative inhomogeneous systems and discuss the relevance of those properties to the planetary nebulae systems. We then focus on radiative hypersonic bullets and the applicability of this model to planetary and protoplanetary systems such as CRL 618, NGC 6543, Hen 3-1475.


A shock, or jarring event, which challenges habitual ways of thinking about one's work situation, inducing new thoughts about the prospect of quitting, is the crucial component of the unfolding model of turnover (Lee and Mitchell, 1994). However, there is a dearth of information about the nature of such shocks, even though Lee, Mitchell and their colleagues regard it as critical to investigate the types of shock that people report (Holtom, Mitchell, Lee and Interrieden, 2005). This paper reports a qualitative investigation of the experience of shock. Drawing on principles from the psychology of memory we interviewed 62 Australian knowledge workers who had voluntarily quit their jobs in a global high technology engineering company during the past two years. Company human resource records classified their departure as regrettable with a criterion that they would be re-hired at any time should they wish. Interviewers attempted to gain an understanding of conditions leading up to their decision to quit including the moderating variables of job embeddedness and organisational identification, which should influence quitting decisions. The majority, of both antecedent factors and shocks, were related to management behaviour and I speculate about the role of leader-member exchange as an antecedent condition. Embeddedness and identification were both found but in, and with, industry, customers and co-workers, rather than the company.


From three of five investigated species of Griselinia. a new iridoid glucoside, griselinoside. was isolated. It was found to be present also in foliage of Aralidium pinnatijdum and Toricellia angulata, accompanied in the former by aralidioside, another novel iridoid glucoside. The structures and absolute configurations of the two iridoids were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and chemical conversions. From G. littoralis and 7: angulara the glucosides magnolioside and syringoside, respectively, were isolated. ' %Z NMR spectra are given for thirteen iridoid derivatives. INTRODUCTlOh' RESULTS In continuation of our studies on iridoids and other glycosides in the genus Cornus (I ) and, more broadly, Cornaceae and its allies (2), we present the results of studies on Griselinia Forst. f., Aralidium Miq., and Toricellia DC. All three genera have formerly been included in the Cornaceae proper at one time or another, but are now segregated into monogeneric families (3, 41 with six, one and three species, respectively. The systematic position of Arulidium has recently been subjected to a multi-disciplinary investigation concluding its relationship to CornaLxae and its allies (cf. (3)). The present paper gives the chemical details of our part (5) of that work. Griselinia. In G. littoralis Raoul, G. lucida Forst. and G. ruscifoh (Clos) Taub. a new iridoid, griselinoside, was found. Its structure, I, was deduced by NMR spectroscopy. Thus, in the 'H NMR spectrum of 1, two methoxycarbonyl groups could be observed, whereas the spectrum of the tetraacetate (2) exhibited a broad doublet (H-5) at unusually low field (63.56). indicating the presence of an 0x0 group at C-6. The 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the presence of these functionalities and was in accord with structure I. The structure and absolute configuration ofall centres in griselinoside were proved by hydrogenation with Pt/H, in acetic acid to give forsythide dimethyl ester (15) of known absolute configuration (6 ;.


Defatted soybean meal powder was used as substrate and fermented by the stain Bacillus subtilis KJ which could secret proteinase.The optimum conditions of microorganisms for the degraded soybean meal power was defined by the single-factor test.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the soybean meal content was 6%,the inocluation amount was 9%,the liquid seed with the cell age of 12 h,the fermentation time was 48 h,the small peptides content of soybean meal protein could reach 58.86 %,which was 37.99% more than the small peptides content under the conditions before fermented.


Objective To research clinical application value in evaluating the newborn asphyxia with umbilical arterial blood pH.Methods Four hundred and eighty cases of vaginal delivery newborns were random sampled in our hospital from June 2011 to December 2012,according to Apgar score,the newborn were divided into normal group(Apgar score 7) and suffocation group(less Apgar score ≤7),tsted umbilical artery blood pH value,analyzed and researched of the relationship between Apgar score and umbilical artery blood pH value.Results Apgar score 7(n = 462),Apgar score ≤7(n=18);Umbilical arterial blood pH value detection:pH ≥ 7.20(n=461),pH ﹤ 7.20(n=19).Umbilical arterial blood pH value and neonatal Apgar score 1 minutes were positively correlated,and the difference between normal group and the suffocation group pH value has significant difference(P 0.05).The sensitivity and specific degree of Umbilical arterial blood pH value were 90.0% and 99.8% respectively,Apgar score were 45.0% and 98.0% respectively,difference was significant(P 0.05).pH value anomaly has relationship with amniotic fluid pollution,occuring followed with the riseing of amniotic fluid pollution,with significant difference(P 0.05).Conclution For evaluation of the newborn asphyxia,umbilical arterial blood pH value has higher sensitivity and specific degrees than Apgar score,it can directly reveal choking pathophysiological essence and reflect the severity of the oxygen,acidosis,for takeing timely measures to prevent the occurrence of complications,it is important and should be used in the clinical application.


This study presents the first comprehensive investigation of population aspects and ecological traits of water beetles in oligotrophic hydrosystems with tufa formation in southeastern Europe. Diverse lotic habitats (springs, rivers and tufa barriers) were investigated monthly for one year in Plitvice Lakes National Park in Croatia. Elmidae were the most diverse and abundant family, followed by Scirtidae and Hydraenidae. The ecological traits of water beetles were primarily defined by nutrients and water depth. Elmis bosnica Zaitzev, 1908, about which little has been published, was found to be bryophilous and to prefer low water temperatures. Biogeographical analysis revealed the dominance of typical southeastern and Mediterranean species. Species population dynamics could be attributed to differences in flow permanence, current velocity and canopy coverage. Both current velocity and water depth significantly influenced the occurrence of larval stages, while abundance of adults correlated with water depth. Our results highlight tufa barriers as preferred habitats for species of the genus Riolus and the family Scirtidae. The results of this study, many of which are the first to be reported for water beetles, provide a basis for further investigations of these animals and their ecology in oligotrophic hydrosystems with tufa. In particular, our study demonstrates the potential of Elmidae as water quality indicators, which should be considered in future conservation and protection management efforts.


Abstract Centring on the impact of power and politics embedded in the evaluation of training programmes, this study aimed to understand how organizational power relations affect the evaluation process for a training programme. A qualitative case study for the managerial leadership development programme of a Korean insurance company was designed. The HRD practitioners held control throughout the evaluation, and their dominant power was maintained and reproduced by other stakeholders' recognition of their expertise in training and development area. However, due to the structural relationship between the HRD unit and the corporate management, the HRD practitioners perceived themselves as marginalized. Unequal power relations were sustained in the evaluation mostly by stakeholders' self-regulation of their conduct in terms of norms, standards and expectations about their roles. This study found that despite the immense criticism of reaction measures, their continuing use in evaluation could be traced to their meaning as a political bargaining tool.


Deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation are typically trained in an ad hoc fashion on all available data. Brain tumors are tremendously heterogeneous in image appearance and labeled training data is limited. We argue that incorporation of additional prior information, specifically tumor grade, associated with tumor imaging phenotypes during model training can significantly improve segmentation performance. Two strategies for incorporation of tumor grade during model training are proposed and their impact on segmentation performance is demonstrated on the BRATS 2018 dataset.


We study location games where market entry is costly and occurs sequentially, and where consumers are nonuniformly distributed over the unit interval. We show that for certain classes of densities, including monotone and—under some additional restrictions—hump-shaped and U-shaped ones, equilibrium locations can be determined independently of when they are occupied. Our analysis reveals a number of peculiarities of the uniform distribution. Extensions of the model allow for price competition and advertisement in media markets, winner-take-all competition, trade-offs between profits in the short and the long run, and firms operating multiple outlets.


Activities of SOD and CAT in different tissues of Acipenser schrenckii at salinities of 10, 20 and 25 during salinity acclimation were measured. In this study, SOD and CAT activities in liver tissue were the highest among the tissues tested. SOD activity in different tissues declined with the increasing salinity, which is significantly different from that in the control. With the increase of salinity acclimation time, activity of SOD in different tissues gradually increased, except in heart and kidney. CAT activity in different tissues tested at salinity 10 was significantly (P0.05) lower than that in the control. At salinities of 10, 20 and 25, there were no significant difference (P0.05) in CAT activity in heart tissue. But they were all lower than that in the control group. Activity of CAT in liver, spleen and kidney showed the same pattern of change, decreased first and then increased. At salinity of 25, CAT activities in liver and kidney tissues were significantly higher (P0.05) than those in the control group. The study showed that SOD and CAT in different tissues of A.schrenckii were inhibited first by the increasing salinity and then recovered,to some extent,with the elapse of salinity acclimation time, which maybe attributed to the osmoregulation ability of A. schrenckii.


The constraint-based approach has been proven useful for inducing bilingual dictionary for closely-related low-resource languages. When we want to create multiple bilingual dictionaries linking several languages, we need to consider manual creation by a native speaker if there are no available machine-readable dictionaries are available as input. To overcome the difficulty in planning the creation of bilingual dictionaries, the consideration of various methods and costs, plan optimization is essential. Utilizing both constraint-based approach and plan optimizer, we design a collaborative process for creating 10 bilingual dictionaries from every combination of 5 languages, i.e., Indonesian, Malay, Minangkabau, Javanese, and Sundanese. We further design an online collaborative dictionary generation to bridge spatial gap between native speakers. We define a heuristic plan that only utilizes manual investment by the native speaker to evaluate our optimal plan with total cost as an evaluation metric. The optimal plan outperformed the heuristic plan with a 63.3% cost reduction.


Obtaining a chest x-ray after placement of a central line is considered standard practice, but is there a reliable, faster way to confirm line


In wireless body area networks, temperature-aware routing plays an important role in preventing damage of surrounding body tissues caused by the temperature rise of the nodes. However, existing temperature-aware routing protocols tend to choose the next hop according to the temperature metric without considering transmission delay and data loss caused by human posture. To address this problem, multiple research efforts exploit different metrics such as temperature, hop count and link quality. Because their approaches are fundamentally based on simple computation through weighted factor for each metric, it is rarely feasible to obtain reasonable weight value through experiments. To solve this problem, we propose an enhanced mobility and temperature-aware routing protocol based on the multi-criteria decision making method. The proposed protocol adopts the analytical hierarchy process and simple additive weighting method to assign suitable weight factors and choose the next hop while considering multiple routing criteria. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed protocol can efficiently improve transmission delay and data loss better than existing protocols by preventing the temperature rise on the node.


AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental study on the lateral performance of timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems. Such systems are composed of steel moment-resisting frames and infill wood-frame shear walls. Monotonic and reversed cyclic tests of two full-scale timber-steel hybrid structures were conducted. There were three timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems in each structure. The lateral stiffness, lateral load capacities and hysteretic characteristics of the timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems with single- and double-sheathed infill wood-frame shear walls were investigated. The load sharing effect between the timber and the steel subsystems was studied. The test results showed that the installation of the infill wood-frame shear wall produced a significant increase in the initial lateral stiffness of the bare steel moment-resisting frame. The infill wood-frame shear walls were very effective in the initial stages of loading and absorbed a substantial part of the lateral load....


The coining of knowledge-based economy not only changes the ways to increase the world economy , to manage the enterprise and to organize the production and people's life-style, but also changes the enterprise's management modes. From now on, the enterprise s management modes are changing from production management in the industrialized society to creation management and knowl-edge management.


Abstract Polyacetal-copolymer (POMB), polycarbonate (PC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and nylon 6, 6 (PA6, 6) have been treated in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma chamber to improve their adhesion properties towards ink. The chemical composition, the surface free energy, and the macroscopic adhesion have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, cross-cut tests, and the Scotch Tape test. Their dependence on the neutral gas, the treatment time, the pressure, and the ageing in air have been investigated. The XPS results reveal that the plasma treatment allows one to clean the surface and, if reactive gases are used, to incorporate new chemical species. The static and dynamic contact angles decrease with the plasma treatment and continue to decrease after contact with air. Very slow hydrophobic recovery is visible in the advancing contact angle, whereas the receding contact angle remains non-measurable even after more than a week of air exposure. L...


THERE is no need to interpret the Ellington music. It is simply its own interpretation. Sometimes moody and expressive, sometimes joyously rhythmic, Ellington's music is always logical and yet surprising... Dukes Orchestra is an Artist T is no need to interpret the Ellington music. It is simply its own interpretation. Sometimes moody and expressive, sometimes joyously rhythmic, Ellington's music is always logical and yet surprising. One always wonders why each step away from the conventional forms had not been taken before. No Ellington creation is fragmentary. Each number is more intricate than a symphony. Yet it is done with all the grace and delicacy of a string quartet. All present-day jazz has been directly or indirectly influenced by Duke Ellington and his orchestra, but most often it has followed consciously. During at least twenty of the twenty-five to thirty-five years that "musical freedom of speech" (the Duke's words) may be said to have existed, the Duke and his orchestra have led the advance. The many attempts at imitation have been unsuccessful. Why? Imitation is not creation. Most followers have fallen by way of loud fast instrumental tricks, and none has been able to equal or surpass this unique group. Ellington has always been daring but with none of the striving for mere sensationalism or vapid sentimentality apparent in so many of our most popular bands. Ellington's music is created by men who are individually creative. Individual creativeness, however, is not enough to account for the superb performance which is the band's "rule without exception." There is not domination of the individual by the group, nor domination of the group by any individualthere is complete unification. Such "oneness" is sought by humans in many ways. In modern ballroom dancing the partners attempt perfect unification. A sexual alliance is based on the same hope of achieving unity of expression. The group dances of many nations are a search for submergence of the individual and emergence of unified expression and representation.


G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of integral membrane proteins in the human genome and are responsible for various important signaling pathways for vision, olfaction, gustation, emotion, cell migration, etc. A distinct feature of the GPCR-family proteins is that many GPCRs, including the prototypical GPCR, β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), elicit low levels of basal constitutive signals without agonist stimulation, which function in normal development and various diseases1–3. However, how the basal signals are induced is hardly known. Another general distinctive feature of GPCRs is to form metastable homo-dimers, with lifetimes on the order of 0.1 s, even in the resting state. Here, our single-molecule-based quantification4 determined the dissociation constant of β2AR homo-dimers in the PM (1.6 ± 0.29 copies/μm2) and their lifetimes (83.2 ± 6.4 ms), and furthermore found that, in the resting state, trimeric G-proteins were recruited to both β2AR monomers and homo-dimers. Importantly, inverse agonists, which suppress the GPCR's basal constitutive activity, specifically blocked the G-protein recruitment to GPCR homo-dimers, without affecting that to monomers. These results indicate that the G-proteins recruited to transient GPCR homo-dimers are responsible for inducing their basic constitutive signals. These results suggest novel drug development strategies to enhance or suppress GPCR homo-dimer formation.


This paper presents a FFT architecture, which processes FFT frames of various size in a continuous-flow fashion. The organization is based on the Single-path Delay Feedback (SDF) scheme and it computes mixed radix FFT algorithms with radixes 2, 22, 23 and 24. The proposed SDF is able to execute FFT of size varying from 128 to 2048 in continuous-flow by exploiting the memory of each stage for efficiently storing the elements of any FFT frame-size. The design handles FFT size variation without requiring additional buffers and/or idle time for reconfiguration, while it keeps the complexity and the memory size comparable to that of the radix-2 SDF for 2048 points. A FPGA implementation verifies the results.


A 51-year-old male suffering from dysphagia due to a typical lower oesophageal web is described. The diagnosis was suspected upon Xray examination which revealed an asymmetrical stenosis of the oesophageal lumen 4 cm above the cardia. Endoscopy demonstrated a semilunar, pliable, opaque and partially translucent membrane which narrowed the oesophageal lumen. It was easily torn and removed by a biopsy forceps. Histological examination of the tissue revealed squamous epithelium of the oesophagus on both sides of the membrane with normal submucosa, thus confirmingthe diagnosis of a lower oesophageal web.


Pro-arrhythmic activity is a feared side effect of almost all antiarrhythmic drugs. One of these proarrhythmic events is the occurrence of Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias (TdP), a polymorphic tachycardia that may develop after use of drugs that prolong ventricular repolarization. To study the mechanisms behind TdP and to screen for pro-arrhythmogenic activity, animal models have been developed during the past 20 years both in vivo as well as in vitro. This review will provide the characteristics of two of these models and compare their results using clinically relevant drugs: the methoxamine-sensitized anesthetized rabbit, and the anesthetized chronic complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) dog.


In the past 15 years, the use of percutaneous transluminal coronary artery interventions has increased to a current estimate of 800 000 procedures per year worldwide [1]. Factors contributing to this increase include improvements in balloon angioplasty catheters, broadened indications and selection criteria, new interventional devices, and increased operator experience [2]. Despite this increasing complexity, success rates currently exceed 90%, the occurrence of serious complications has decreased, and the ability to predict both success and complications has improved [2-6]. Management of patients after percutaneous transluminal coronary artery procedures has also evolved [7]. Certain management principles are common among patients treated by these techniques; however, some unique considerations apply to certain devices, and new drugs are available. Changing trends in health care delivery are expanding the role of the internist in the management of patients after these procedures. We therefore focus on routine patient care issues and the management of complications after percutaneous coronary artery interventions, and we emphasize areas that are important for the specialist in internal medicine. Management during the First 48 Hours Chest Pain Up to 50% of patients experience mild chest discomfort immediately after a percutaneous coronary artery procedure [8, 9]. A careful clinical assessment and 12-lead electrocardiography usually identify the few patients with serious complications. Electrocardiograms should be obtained before and immediately after the procedure and used for comparison with tracings obtained if symptoms occur. In general, an important ischemic event is identified by unequivocal ST-segment elevation or depression and can be distinguished from the relatively minor changes related to contrast media or residual ischemia from the procedure. Of the possible causes of chest pain after the procedure, acute vessel closure is the most serious, occurring after 2% to 7% of all interventions [5, 10-12]. Approximately half of acute closures after balloon angioplasty occur while the patient is still in the catheterization laboratory, and another 24% to 33% develop within 24 hours of the procedure [10, 11]. Acute closure that occurs during the procedure is usually managed by prolonged balloon inflations or insertion of an intracoronary stent; this avoids emergency bypass surgery in more than 90% of cases [13, 14]. Acute closure that occurs outside of the laboratory is often temporally associated with the discontinuation of heparin therapy or is the result of an undetected dissection; this type of acute closure is much more troublesome to manage and usually causes some myocardial necrosis [15]. More than 90% of patients with acute closure have angina and electrocardiographic changes that evolve into the changes seen with acute myocardial infarction [16, 17]. As during any infarction, heart rate, heart rhythm, and blood pressure should be stabilized and narcotics should be given to relieve pain. In general, patients with out-of-lab acute closure are managed by repeated intervention (which is successful in 35% to 95% of cases), but some patients require emergency bypass surgery [18]. In a few patients, the risk associated with surgery done to revascularize a small amount of myocardium may exceed that of a small infarction. The decision to proceed with repeated intervention or surgery, however, must be individualized and should take into account hemodynamic stability, the amount of jeopardized myocardium, the availability of the catheterization laboratory or surgeons, and the likelihood that repeated treatment will be successful. Thrombolytic therapy, administered either systemically or into the affected artery, can be considered for thrombosis but should be avoided if emergency surgery is being contemplated. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation may reduce the magnitude of ischemia, augment systemic perfusion, and help to maintain patency of the artery [19]. Coronary stents and new platelet inhibitors have favorably affected the incidence and treatment of acute closure and are discussed later in this paper. Up to 10% of patients with acute closure may not develop electrocardiographic changes, especially if the intervention was performed in the circumflex coronary artery. In fact, less than 50% of patients have surface electrocardiographic changes during balloon inflation in the circumflex artery [20]. Acute closure is also obscured when collaterals to the affected artery exist. After a successful intervention, collaterals may regress quickly but are recruited again if the vessel occludes. When this happens, chest pain and electrocardiographic changes may resolve; the artery appears to have spontaneously opened but actually has not. Acute closure contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in coronary interventions; approximately half of myocardial infarctions and emergency bypass operations occur in patients with acute closure, and mortality rates increase fivefold in this group [10-12, 21]. Clinical and angiographic factors that correlate with death after acute closure include female sex; large ischemic burden; left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%; age greater than 70 years; proximal right coronary artery disease; and an acute presentation, such as unstable angina [18, 22-24]. Another cause of chest pain after intervention is coronary artery spasm. Vasoactive compounds released by platelets at the site of disrupted endothelium promote coronary spasm. The immediate therapy is nitroglycerin, given either sublingually or intravenously. Rapidly relieved ischemia is probably related to coronary spasm, which may occur as an isolated event or may occur several times after an intervention. Patients are often treated with calcium-channel blockers before the procedure to reduce the chance of spasm afterward. Ischemia that is not promptly relieved by nitroglycerin and repeated episodes of ischemia may be harbingers of acute vessel closure. Repeated episodes of ischemia after an intervention should be evaluated with angiography to ensure that the result remains satisfactory. Drugs To Reduce Thrombosis and Acute Closure Platelet inhibitors, including aspirin, ticlopidine, and abciximab (ReoPro, Centocor, BV Leiden, the Netherlands; distributed by Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana), are used to reduce acute closure from thrombosis during and after coronary interventions. Compared with placebo, aspirin reduces the risk for acute closure by half (absolute reduction, 10% to 5%) [25-29]. Although fewer data on ticlopidine exist, this drug also seems to reduce the frequency of ischemic complications [29, 30]. Because neither aspirin nor ticlopidine completely inhibits platelet function, more potent agents, such as abciximab (the Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody [7E3] against platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors), were developed. The EPIC (Evaluation of 7E3 for the Prevention of Ischemic Complications) trial focused on clinical and anatomic situations that placed patients at high risk for abrupt closure [31]. Patients treated with abciximab in addition to heparin and aspirin had a 35% reduction in ischemic end points compared with those who received aspirin and heparin alone, but the rate of major bleeding complications increased. In subsequent studies, bleeding complications were reduced by decreasing the heparin dose without compromising the benefit of abciximab [32]. Thrombin inhibitors, such as heparin, are also used to prevent acute closure. Heparin dosing for interventional procedures was empirical until studies showed that 11% to 55% of patients did not receive adequate anticoagulation with 10 000 units [33-35]. Heparin dosage is now monitored by measurement of activated clotting times, and the occurrence of abrupt closure has been shown to be inversely related to the level of anticoagulation [16, 36-39]. The optimal duration of heparin therapy after a successful procedure is unknown. In one study [40], the rate of acute closure and ischemic complications decreased when patients received heparin for 18 to 24 hours after angioplasty to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time more than three times the control value. In other studies of uncomplicated procedures, however, more bleeding occurred, hospitalizations were longer, and out-comes were not improved in patients who were treated with heparin for 12 to 24 hours [41, 42]. Therefore, heparin treatment for 18 to 24 hours after an intervention is warranted in patients at high risk for acute closure, but no data support prolonged use in patients having uncomplicated procedures [11, 16, 22, 43]. Although effective in reducing the rate of ischemic complications, heparin has some limitations. The dose-response relation is nonlinear, which makes adjustments difficult; in addition, a cofactor, antithrombin III, is necessary for heparin to produce an effect. Heparin inhibits fibrin-bound thrombin less effectively than it does free thrombin, and it is neutralized by platelet factor IV, released by activated platelets [44]. Hirudin, a new antithrombin agent, does not require a cofactor, readily inactivates fibrin-bound thrombin, and inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis [45]. Randomized studies comparing hirudin with heparin show that hirudin reduces the rate of early ischemic complications but not the rate of restenosis [46, 47]. A nonpeptide analogue, hirulog, also seems promising [48, 49]. Elevated Creatine Kinase Levels Interventional procedures that are complicated by acute vessel closure or require emergency bypass surgery are frequently associated with elevated creatine kinase levels. According to recent reports, the incidence of Q-wave myocardial infarction after angioplasty is less than 1%; however, the incidence of non-Q-wave infarctions is uncertain, in part because the criteria used for diagnosis vary a


Objective Research the value of color ultrasonic in breast lumps of differential diagnosis. Methods 120 cases of breast lumps pathological diagnosis by surgery for benign 75 cases and malignant 45 cases,compared with the preoperative color ultrasonic diagnosis results and surgical pathology results,statistical color ultrasonic diagnosis of benign and malignant masses of accuracy. Breast lumps benign and malignant contrast of color Doppler ultrasonography of ? ow distribution and hemodynamic monitoring. Results The surgical pathology diagnosis preoperatively,120 patients for benign and malignant color ultrasonic diagnosis accuracy for small mass 81.67%,including 22 cases were misdiagnosed as 18 patients 1cm small diameter belongs to the masses. Flow,75 benign lumps of 0~Ⅰ belongs to 82.67%,belong to the Ⅱ~Ⅲ 17.33%,45 patients with malignant lumps of 0~Ⅰ belongs to exist,belong to Ⅱ~Ⅲ accounted for 73.33%,benign and malignant tumor blood statistically signifi cant(P0.05). Hemodynamic comparison of systolic blood malign bump,peak velocity and resistance index than benign masses and between the difference was statistically signifi cant compared(P0.05). Conclusion Color of breast lumps of ultrasonic diagnosis of higher value,but the small mass 1cm diameter of the diagnostic value should be further improved.


Tubal dysfunction is responsible for approximately 30% of infertility cases. Tests to determine if tubes are open and undamaged are an important part of the infertility workup(Yildizhanet al.,2009). The etiology of tubal damage can be intrinsic (ascending salpingitis, including salpingitisisthmicanodosa) or exntrinsic (peritonitis, endometriosis and pelvic surgery). Themost common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and multibacterial infections(Sotrel, 2009).


The subject of the master thesis is funding and development in Location Action Group of Hostýn territory. The goal of the thesis is to propose strategy and project scope to support development in Location Action Group of Hostýn district. The theoretical part is focused on common issues in development of local villages and alternatives of funding. It is also focused on Leader principals in relation to social development and audit of local divisions in Czech Republic. The practical part of the thesis includes socioeconomic analysis of Hostýn territory and analysis of project activities of MAS. Based on statistical analysis is proposed strategy and project scope of development in Location Action Group of Hostýn territory.


Background:  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emerged as an entity in the mid-1980s. Since that time, medical developments have greatly improved the detection and management of infection and the associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As such, HIV infection is now seen as a chronic yet life-threatening condition. Although occupational therapists have worked with people infected with HIV since quite early in the history of the disease, an understanding of living with HIV infection from an occupational perspective has been limited. However, as a chronic condition HIV infection is likely to have significant occupational implications.

Methods:  Five men living with HIV infection in the UK were recruited through personal contacts and information sent to HIV/AIDS organisations. Each man was interviewed using an extended oral history model, recording detailed individual life histories from early childhood until the time of the interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A process of narrative analysis was developed and used to analyse each oral history. The result was a story of each man's life, centred around an occupational plot.

Results:  The narratives are textual representations of each man's occupational career as they reveal the complexity of each man's life as a web of occupations, as well as the individual careers of particular occupations. The production of each man's occupational career made it possible to first explore living with HIV infection from an occupational perspective and provide an example of how an occupational perspective of humans and health can be operationalised. They tell the story of each man's life centred around occupation, and highlight how the men not only engaged in occupations but also orchestrated their engagement over time and within various environments. In addition, the occupational careers give a contextualised insight into the meaning of occupations. Second, this research has enabled an appreciation of the difference between biomedical and occupational views of living with HIV infection. Adopting an occupational perspective illustrated how the twists and turns of life living with HIV infection may not be marked wholly by such markers as blood tests and medication side-effects. For some men in this study, living with HIV infection was marked by occupational engagement; ceasing, commencing, resuming, or requiring more effort to perform occupations. Third, this research has enabled an understanding of each man's response to HIV infection as part of his lifelong process of occupational adaptation. It was possible to appreciate how each man had responded to challenges in the past in order to achieve and maintain occupational adaptation. Although this was not predictive, it did provide a valuable insight into how each man responded to HIV infection.


This paper discusses spiritual pilgrimage from a cultural-spiritual perspective on transformative learning, and analyzes the experiences of the three co-authors via an autoethnography methodology. The purpose of this autoethnographic research was to explore the possibilities for transformative learning within the spiritual/cultural experience of pilgrimage. Several writings within and beyond adult education address transformative learning (TL) in relation to spirituality as it intersects with culture and/or environment (Brooks, 2000; Dei, 2002; Kovan & Dirkx, 2003; Miller, 2000; Tisdell, 2003, Taylor, 2008), and women using story for change (Wiessner, 2005). Davis (2007) presented research on experiential learning via Holy Land pilgrimage of 40 pastors. But there is little research using the cultural-spiritual perspective of transformative learning. Neither has an anthropologic perspective been incorporated. This research addresses this gap, by centering three women's stories of their pilgrimage to a holy mountain in Ireland when they connected with place, history, story, spirit and each other. Theoretical Framework Pilgrimage, very loosely defined, is a journey to a destination. This destination can be exterior or interior, literal or metaphorical, material or spiritual; however, it will always be the location at which the ideal is situated. Our particular interest was a specific pilgrimage site, Croagh Patrick in Ireland, which has been climbed by thousands of spiritual pilgrims for centuries on Reek Sunday, the last Sunday of July. The mountain's combined legends, location, and cultural significances identify the mountain as sacred (Sheldrake, 2003). The emphasis of most anthropological pilgrimage research is on relationship between performance of pilgrimage and construction of social reality. Morinis (1992) concluded pilgrimage is important both to collective ideals and as personal experience. To support study of pilgrimage as structure and experience he defined six types of pilgrimage: (1) devotional, (2) instrumental, (3) normative, (4) obligatory, (5) wandering, and (6) initiatory; all consisting of journey and goal. The goal of the journey is to move from the familiar to the Other, or from home to the place of the ideal, thus locating Otherness outside time and space. The ultimate goal of the pilgrim is salvation, either as transformation /transcendence into the ideal, or acquiring solutions to life's afflictions. In approaching pilgrimage as a potential site of learning, a cultural-spiritual perspective on transformative learning (Brooks, 2000; Dei, 2002; Selby, 2002; Tisdell, 2003) resonates with the qualities of traditional pilgrimage as just described. Using cross-cultural relationships and experiences to enhance spiritual awareness, this approach to transformative learning highlights an evolutionary storying of personal experience, and sees spirituality as a journey toward wholeness (Tisdell, 2003). It falls within the larger tradition of transformative learning (Mezirow, 1991), but highlights culture and spirituality and the role of body and emotions rather than a strict approach to rationality, to manage the impact of our constantly changing world, or an experience like pilgrimage, which is physical and embodied as well as spiritual.


Thepurposeofthisstudyistoinvestigatehowthestrengthofassociationbetweeninvestorpersonalitytraitsand stocktradingbehaviorissensitiveto thekey sourcesofinformation used by investors asthebasis fortheir fi nan-cialchoices.ThestudyutilizedtheBigFivepersonalityframeworkfromCosta&McCrae(1992)andexaminedthe datacollectedfrom541individualinvestorsinChinesestockmarket.Weprovideempiricalevidencethatthekey sources ofinformation moderate the relationship of the Big fi ve personality traits and stock tradingbehavior. In- vestors with openness and neuroticism traits trade stocks more frequently when they acquire information from fi nancial advice whereas extraverted and conscientious investors trade stocks less intensively when they use fi - nancialadvice.Investors with extraversion and agreeableness traits trade stocksmore intensivelywhen they ac-quireinformationviaword-of-mouthcommunication.Openminded,conscientiousandneuroticinvestorsadjust theirportfoliolessfrequentlyasaresultofsocialinteraction.Nopreviousstudyhasbeenconductedsofarexplor-ingvariationsintheimpactoftheBigFiveinvestorpersonalitytraitsonstocktradingbehaviorbythekeysources of information and this paper strives to fi ll this gap in Chinese stock market. Elsevier


LABOR HISTORIANS are providing increasingly detailed and sophisticated accounts of the process of union formation during the turbulent decade of the 1930s.1 Receiving special attention have been mass production workers, particularly those laboring for major midwestern and eastern industries. Overlooked have been the food-industry workers in California, the nation's preeminent agricultural state. Such workers are distinguished here


C hronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is defined as a progressive disease of increasing pulmonary vascular resistance because of chronic thromboembolism in the pulmonary arteries that leads to pulmonary hypertension (PH), right-sided heart failure, and a grave prognosis. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of medical therapies using anticoagulation and pulmonary vasodilators, including several newly developed agents. The most powerful conventional therapeutic strategy for CTEPH is invasive surgical pulmonary endar-terectomy (PEA). Surgical therapy is indicated when the thromboembolic lesions are located in the proximal pulmonary arteries or lobar branches. 9 Thus, there are some patients in whom PEA is not indicated; furthermore, some patients continue to suffer from severe PH despite treatment with PEA. A few reports have demonstrated the efficacy of balloon pulmonary angioplasty. In 1988, 1 case report demonstrated the efficacy of pulmonary angioplasty after acute pulmonary embolism. 17 In 2001, Feinstein et al 18 showed that pulmonary hemodynamics were markedly improved by pulmonary angioplasty in 18 patients with CTEPH, and that 11 of 18 patients developed reperfusion pulmonary edema. However, this therapy has not been developed further since then, and is rarely performed now. Thus, it is important to take into account the experiences of this therapy and the data regarding its complications, to consider the possibility of pulmonary angioplasty as an alternative therapy for selected patients with CTEPH. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transluminal pulmonary Background—Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension leads to pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Methods and Results—Twenty-nine patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension underwent PTPA. One patient had a wiring perforation as a complication of PTPA and died 2 days after the procedure. In the remaining 28 patients, PTPA did not produce immediate hemodynamic improvement at the time of the procedure. However, after follow-up (6.0 ± 6.9 months), New York Heart Association functional classifications and levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide significantly improved (both P<0.01). Hemodynamic parameters also significantly improved (mean pulmonary arterial pressure, 45.3 ± 9.8 versus 31.8 ± 10.0 mm Hg; cardiac output, 3.6 ± 1.2 versus 4.6 ± 1.7 L/min, baseline versus follow-up, respectively; both P<0.01). Twenty-seven of 51 procedures in total (53%), and 19 of 28 first procedures (68%), had reperfusion pulmonary edema as the …


This is a community-based study of contraceptive prevalence using a questionnaire instrument and interview. It is hoped to provide information for the appraisal of current interventions/strategies aimed at preventing unsafe abortion and a baseline for the development of future strategies. This study shows a very high level of contraceptive awareness, 91.3%, but a low prevalence rate, 23.4%. The most commonly used contractive was the pill but with a reported high failure rate of 18.3% among the study population suggesting improper usage. The high disparity between awareness and usage highlights the need for further research to determine the possible causes and develop strategies to bridge the gap. NQJHM Vol. 13 (3-4) 2003: pp. 49-53


PBL teaching method has been widely used in the field of higher medical education,which also has a number of deficiencies in practice.Using BB network teaching platform to solve some of these problems can improve teaching quality,and better played the advantages of PBL teaching.This article discusses the application of BB teaching platform in PBL teaching method from three aspects: the existed problems in the current domestic PBL teaching method,treatment regimen of using BB teaching platform to solve the PBL teaching problem,and the problems need to be attended in application of BB teaching platform in PBL teaching method.BB teaching platform used in medical PBL teaching can help students interest in learning,improve self-learning ability.It has great significances for improving student's ability and the quality of PBL teaching.


Nelson Goodman's new riddle of induction has by now been translated to the status of a fundamental philosophical problem, if one judges by the sheer volume of secondary literature which surrounds it; but it could also be described as fundamental for another reason namely, the way in which a cluster of philosophical issues not obviously related to induction have gravitated towards the 'grue' predicate and are now held to be generated or exemplified by it. It is the intention of this paper to disinter the original riddle from the later accretions to and adaptations of it, to assess its status as a genuine puzzle from a new perspective, and then to investigate the independent viability of at least two of the other issues held to be at stake in this domain (questions to do with natural kinds and with language or translation). Put briefly, the new perspective mentioned above leads to the conclusion that Goodman may be incapable of actually constructing any predicate capable of satisfying the constraints needed to generate his riddle; but to see in more detail what this claim amounts to, we must ask the reader to endure yet another presentation of the riddle itself.


In order to allocate reasonable frequency resources in millimeter wave band for 5th-Generation (5G), this paper summarizes the position and consideration of USA and China. It analyses the feasibility of sharing and compatibility in 24.25-27.5GHz, 66-71GHz, 81-86GHz with Monte-Carlo simulation. There is a high possibility to allocate 24.75-27.5GHz, 66-71 GHz and 81-86 GHz to 5G in ITU and China. But the commercial deployment in millimeter wave in China will be delayed 1-2 years because of industry bottleneck.


Pediatric obesity is a major global concern. Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with both physiological and psychological comorbidities, which have been well described, and severe obesity is associated with a higher degree of risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as a predisposing factor to measure chronic diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancer. Once considered a problem only in wealthy countries, WHO estimates show that overweight and obesity are now dramatically on the rise in low and middle income countries. The disturbing sequelae of this increased trajectory of overweight populations are the parallel increases in chronic diseases that are co-morbidities of obesity. Primary health care providers, including dental professionals, are well-positioned to address this public health problem at the patient level. Dental professionals must be aware of the increasing numbers of the obese patients and of the significance of obesity as a multiple risk factor syndrome for oral and overall health. Dental professionals have a crucial role in the prevention and detection of many oral and systemic diseases because of their diagnostic and screening abilities as well as the frequency of patient visits. Ultimately, a health condition as prevalent and serious as obesity must be approached by a concerted and collaborative effort of many disciplines and organizations. The dental profession should include itself in this collaboration using the tools and education opportunities available. Although the connection between oral health and obesity is critical to understand, it should not be the sole motivating factor for taking action.


The proposal of an adaptation of the National Accounting System (PGC) for the Cooperative sector has seen fruition in a Project, currently at the draft stage, published by the Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoria de Cuantas (ICAC) and disseminated in several forums with the aim of: being spread in co-operative circles, giving sufficient time to take on the changes implied in adopting the project, debating the new aspects and proposing alternative solutions, among others. This paper aims to provide a critical commentary for some of the more controversial aspects the new regulations raise.


We report a robust, all-fiber amplifier seeded by a fiber oscillator. Seed pulses at 1 MHz repetition rate are amplified up to 3 muJ, delivering 1 muJ-energy, 170 fs-long pulses. Duration reduces to 120 fs at 1 muJ amplifier output. These are the highest peak powers from an integrated fiber source.


The deployment of multicast applications is an essential riddle. Here, we demonstrate the analysis of massive multiplayer online role-playing games, which embodies the compelling principles of networking. Our focus here is not on whether erasure coding and DNS are mostly incompatible, but rather on constructing a novel algorithm for the deployment of Lamport clocks (DAFF).


Low-propagation-loss Ge–B–SiO2 planar waveguides have been achieved by inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The significant effects due to annealing temperature, hydrogen loading, and KrF excimer ultraviolet laser irradiation on the optical properties of Ge–B–SiO2 films have been investigated. A temperature-insensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometer-like optical filter has been demonstrated by means of a double-core fabrication method using 10GeO2–90SiO2 (10G90S) and 8GeO2–5B2O3–87SiO2 (8G5B87S) as two different waveguide cores. We have achieved less than 0.5 pm/°C temperature dependence of the central wavelength of the filter at 1550 nm while varying the temperature from −20 to 80 °C.


In this paper, the second in a series, we document the algorithms and solvers for compressible nonrelativistic hydrodynamics implemented in GenASiS (General Astrophysical Simulation System)---a new code being developed initially and primarily, though by no means exclusively, for the simulation of core-collapse supernovae. In the Mathematics division of GenASiS we introduce Solvers, which includes finite-volume updates for generic hyperbolic BalanceEquations and ordinary differential equation integration Steps. We also introduce the Physics division of GenASiS; this extends the Manifolds division of Mathematics into physical Spaces, defines StressEnergies, and combines these into Universes. We benchmark the hydrodynamics capabilities of GenASiS against many standard test problems; the results illustrate the basic competence of our implementation, demonstrate the manifest superiority of the HLLC over the HLL Riemann solver in a number of interesting cases, and provide preliminary indications of the code's ability to scale and to function with cell-by-cell fixed-mesh refinement.


This study aimed to examine the effect of firm characteristics and on risk financial disclosure in interim financial statements. This study used a sample of 95 interim financial statements of on the Industry Sectors listed mining Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) of the period of 2012-2016. Risk financial disclosure is measured using content analysis. Statistical test equipment that used to test the hypothesis is multiple regression.
The results of this study indicate the size of the companies and liquidity significantly affect the risk financial disclosures in the interim financial statements. While profitability, leverage, and all variables of corporate governance (effectiveness of boards of commissioners, concentrated ownership structure, and effectiveness of audit committee) had no significant effect.

Keywords : risk financial disclosure, interim financial statement, firm characteristics, corporate governance.


The development of large blast furnaces in China is crucial for energy saving, emission reduction and transformation and promotion processes of iron and steel industry. However, the development of large blast furnaces in China was affected by the lower stability state and lack of new technology developments. In this article, the operation indexes of large blast furnaces of China in 2015 were introduced. Then the reasons for lower stability state of large blast furnaces were analysed and some improved measures were proposed. In addition, some new technical thoughts on the development of large blast furnaces were also proposed.


1. Introduction to Educational Psychology. I. WHAT TEACHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT DEVELOPMENT. 2. Cognitive Development. 3. Personal-Social Development: The Feeling Child. II. WHAT TEACHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT LEARNING. 4. The Behavioral Science Approach to Learning. 5. Cognitive Learning I: Understanding Effective Thinking. 6. Making Learners Active Thinkers. 7. Motivation and Classroom Learning. III. WHAT TEACHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT INSTRUCTION AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT. 8. Group Process in the Classroom. 9. Positive Approaches to Conduct Management. 10. Instructional Management. IV. WHAT TEACHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ASSESSMENT. 11. Assessing for Learning: Ability and Standardized Assessment. 12. Assessing for Learning: Objective and Essay Tests. 13. Assessing for Learning: Performance Assessment. V. WHAT TEACHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT LEARNER DIVERSITY. 14. Teaching Exceptional and At-Risk Learners. 15. Multicultural and Gender Fair Instruction. 16. Family Systems and Home-School Partnerships. Appendix: Discussion and Practice Answers.


A frequent topic of discussion among publicly employed engineers is the appropriateness of nonengineers managing local‐government public‐works organizations. The retirement of many engineers in coming years will make this situation even more acute when local government agencies will find a shortage of qualified managers with engineering backgrounds. To counter this incursion into what has been a traditional field of civil engineering employment, many engineers have suggested that only registered professional engineers be selected to fill senior management positions. This paper reviews the major work‐related functions of senior public‐works managers and relates these functions to the educational background of most engineers and to the factors tested in gaining a professional registration. An alternative qualification analysis framework is suggested. The paper suggests that most of the job functions performed by the senior public‐works manager are not tested during the professional registration process. It ...


The parameters of grain size, contents of silica, kaolinite, hydromica, calcite, and a geological time of tight sandstone reservoirs in Upper Paleozoic in Ordos basin were researched thoroughly, and the impact of the diagenetic evolution process of different sandstone types on porosity and throats was analyzed, based on the quantitative statistics from thin sections, measurements of porosity and permeability, and conventional and constant-rate mercury injection tests. We not only build the evolution of porosity through process-oriented numerical simulations during the geological time but also establish effect-oriented numerical simulations between porosity and different diagenesis parameters. Furthermore, we set up a fitting relationship between diagenetic factors and pore throats in different gas-bearing reservoirs. Differentiation results in the evolution of porosity and a pore-throat system of sandstone types have clear characteristics, such as lithic quartz sandstones of the He 8 Member in the Sulige area and quartz sandstones of the Shan 2 Member in the Yulin area. The fitting results show that the main factors influencing the evolution of porosity and a pore-throat system are grain size and siliceous cement, which can also be validated by the measured data on two gas-bearing intervals. The results are important to a deep understanding of the relationship between the reservoir continuing to experience porosity and permeability evolution and the timing of petroleum charging into the reservoir and can also be applied elsewhere as a quick means in high grading areas of risks during field development.


This paper analyzes deep groundwater recharge and drainage amounts in the northern suburb of Zhengzhou.Under the status conditions and the exploitation conditions,the hydro-geological condition analysis and balanced analysis are studied.It concludes that under the status conditions groundwater recharge amount is 7152m3/d,drainage amount of 7134m3/d,the balanced difference of 18 m3/d;under the exploitation conditions,groundwater recharge amount is 46301m3/d,drainage amount of 46320m3/d,the balanced difference of-19m3/d.


An algorithm for protein identification based on mass spectrometric proteolytic peptide mapping and genome database searching is presented. The algorithm ranks database proteins based on direct calculation of the probability of random matching and assigns the statistical significance to each result. We investigate the performance of the algorithm by simulation and show that the algorithm responds to random data in the desired manner and that the statistical significance computed indicates the risk that a particular identification result is false.


Inducing dynamic responses in large civil structures requires careful selection of method of excitation, measurement techniques, and data reduction and analysis procedures. Advances in computer and measurement technologies combined with reduced field test costs have prompted engineers to re-consider the effectiveness of large scale testing, especially in support of seismic and stability analyses of existing structures. This paper is aimed at providing the reader with some experiences learned from the full scale testing of concrete dams. Methods of excitation used and the relative effectiveness of inducing measurable responses at a variety of dam sites are discussed. Sample test results and test recommendations are also provided.


This paper addresses the coupling of experimental and finite element models of substructures. In creating the experimental model, difficulties exist in applying moments and estimating resulting rotations at the connection point between the experimental and finite element models. In this work, a simple test fixture for applying moments and estimating rotations is used to more accurately estimate these quantities. The test fixture is analytically "subtracted" from the model using the admittance approach. Inherent in this process is the inversion of frequency response function matrices that can amplify the uncertainty in the measured data. Presented here is the work applied to a two-component beam model and analyses that attempt to identify and quantify some of these uncertainties. The admittance model of one beam component was generated experimentally using the moment-rotation fixture, and the other from a detailed finite element model. During analytical testing of the admittance modeling algorithm, it was discovered that the component admittance models generated by finite elements were ill conditioned due to the inherent physics.


An automatic and computerized system, using stepping motor controlling and photometric sensing techniques, is specifically designed to measure photometric and chromatic characteristics of projection TV. The head of luxmeter in this system is set on a translation stage whose position is constrained along two orthogonal linear rails. The x-y translation stage is controlled by two stepping motors with a personal computer. It can take two dimensional scan at any position on projection screen. Byu scanning the screen, the measurements of total lumen, uniformity, efficiency, color coordinate, color temperature, color uniformity, and contrast for projection TV can be wholly done spontaneously. The controlling and analyzing software of these measurements were also well developed and described. In this paper, the experimental set up and results were shown. The methods and standards of these measurements were also discussed.


In the following text, around to the sanitary contingence derivated to the Covid-19, which has obligated the educative institutions to work in the distanced education model, we seek to know which is the Social Representation of the same is, based on based on Social Representation theory of Moscovici (1961), among 100 university students of the east zone of the State of Mexico, Mexico. For that we considered a prototypic and categorial social representation analysis, by Pierre Verges (1994). It was identified that there are, in general, negative and positive semantic elements to the mentioned phenomena, found in the periferic nucleous of the Social Representation and that, besides, Stress and the badly or minimal conditions to grant access to this kind of education model are the elements of the principal nucleous of the Social Representation.


This paper takes the Program (Project) Manager's (PM or manager's) point of view in strategic decision management when trade studies are used as the decision‐making tool. The application of trade studies as a tool in the strategic decision management process transcends commercial and defense industries. Industry, government, and academia projects can benefit from using this robust, structured decision‐making process discussed herein as a management tool in overseeing and providing guidance in the project's direction. The trade study created and developed by the systems engineer for decision‐making should follow a clear pre‐defined decision‐making process. Such a process would result in unambiguous interpretation and understanding thereby improving buy‐in from all stakeholders. The focus of this paper is the major stakeholders' acceptance, buy‐in and in understanding the underlying information and knowledge used in the trade study decision‐making process.


The practices implemented by owners that were associated with better project safety performances were described in a companion paper. This paper will expand on those research findings and present a model that evaluates the impact of different owner practices on project safety performance. Four indices were established which quantitatively describe the project characteristics, the selection of safe contractors, the contractual safety requirements, and the owner's participation in safety management. Analysis of variance and linear regression were conducted to evaluate the combined effects of different owner practices on project safety performance as measured by the total recordable injury rate (TRIR). Results show that project safety performances were closely associated with all the indices except the index to describe the selection of safe contractors. The linear regression model explained 42.6% of the total variance of the TRIR. A scorecard to evaluate the owner's involvement in construction safety was de...


The factorial-additive optimality of primes, i.e., that the sum of prime factors is always minimum, implies that prime numbers are a solution to an integer linear programming (ILP) encoding optimization problem. The summative optimality of primes follows from Goldbach's conjecture, and is viewed as an upper efficiency limit for encoding any integer with the fewest possible additions. A consequence of the above is that primes optimally encode—multiplicatively and additively—all integers. Thus, the set P of primes is the unique, irreducible subset of ℤ—in cardinality and values—that optimally encodes all numbers in ℤ, in a factorial and summative sense. Based on these dual irreducibility/optimality properties of P, we conclude that primes are characterized by a universal "quantum type" encoding optimality that also extends to non-integers.


Experimental analyses were made to histochemically determine the composition of the goblet cell matrix material in the larval midgut of the tobacco hornwormn, Manduca sexta. Techniques employed following fixation in Carnoy fluid were the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and the alcian blue stain at pH 1.0 and pH 2.5 and following inethylation and subsequent saponification. The cumulative evidence suggests that the plug material is an acid mucosubstance. The microscopic anatomy of midguts from larval stages of Lepidoptera has been studied in a number of species: Hyalophora cecropia (Anderson & Harvey, 1966; Schultz & Jungreis, 1977a), Heliothis zea (Chauthani & Callahan, 1967), Bombyx mori (Akai, 1969), Ephestia kuhniella (Smith et al., 1969), and Manduca sexta (Schultz & Jungreis, 1977b; Cioffi, 1979). These investigators describe a simple epithelium consisting of columnar, goblet, and (often) regenerative cells suprapositional to a basal lamina, which in turn is surrounded by a muscularis and strands of connective tissue. This seeming simplicity in organization, when coupled with the large size attained by mature feeding larvae, makes the larval midgut an excellent model for the study of transepithelial solute movement. The larval midgut of Manduca sexta (L.) is presently receiving attention as a physiological model for epithelial transport (Blankemeyer & Harvey, 1977). Potassium and other monovalent alkali metals are actively transported uphill against a concentration gradient from hemolymph to gut lumen (see Supported in part by Pan American University Faculty Research Grant No. 1595 to TWS and the Office of Health and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-7405-eng-26 with the Union Carbide Corporation (GL). Gratitude is expressed to Dr. A. M. Jungreis who graciously provided the insects used in these studies from his insectory supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant AI-12779, and for his critical reading of the manuscript. 2 Present address: Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee


The article is devoted to the actual problem of education implementation of the students of the University of individual educational routes. With modern scientific-theoretical positions analyzed this category is characterized by its educational potential. During the implementation of individual educational routes studying independently set tasks, integrate ideas; put and ask questions, work with information, producing its classification; defend its own position, seek the help of the teacher tutor; acquire knowledge in the activities of simulating the future professional. The process of pedagogical support of implementation by students of the University of individual educational routes involves two level structure of the content of academic disciplines the basic part, which designs teacher and the variable part, which is projected by the student in accordance with its interests, needs, motivations, experience gained in practice, providing individual educational route.


Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used to quantitively analyze heavy metal pollutants in soil if the interaction of Fe and other matrix elements and the self-absorption effect are eliminated....


If we pay attention to the real conditions among educational institutions around us, especially Islamic-based educational institutions, as if we see these institutions managed as they are without activities that stand out in relation to managerial processes, even if there is no managerial activity at all from the manager. The existence of an educational institution is very instrumental in answering what is, what has actuality, everything that is experienced and emphasizes that something exists, and reaches the perfection of an educational institution. Islamic education is determined by the basic theories, methodologies and praxis established in formal objects and material objects. Formal Objects of Management science Islamic education is the science of management (the science of management), for example from Frederick Winslow Taylor. As a science, the formal approach used by Islamic Education Management is scientific research in the field of management


Salicylaldehydes with electron-withdrawing groups, i.e., 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (2a), methyl 3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (2b), methyl 5-chloro-3-formyl-2-hydroxybenzoate (2c), 3, 5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2d), 5-cyano-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2e), and 5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2f), were synthesized by the formylation of the corresponding phenols (1a-f) with hexamethylenetetramine in 75% polyphosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, or trifluoroacetic acid. The yields of these reactions were better than those of the Duff reaction.


In Western Australia, during 1998, the prevalence rate of teenage suicide reached a new peak. Despite the natural geographic environment to rival any location in Australia, teenage suicide rates in Western Australia continue at high rates. A range of hypotheses has been generated to 'explain' this phenomenon including: high unemployment, poor housing, inequalities of service access, schooling problems, and the break-up of the family. Analysis of results of a new epidemiological study, however, indicates these high suicide rates correlate with unusually high prescription rates in Western Australia of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and in particular, Prozac (Baldwin and Browning 1999).


Objective. The recent breakthrough of wearable sleep monitoring devices has resulted in large amounts of sleep data. However, as limited labels are available, interpreting these data requires automated sleep stage classification methods with a small need for labeled training data. Transfer learning and domain adaptation offer possible solutions by enabling models to learn on a source dataset and adapt to a target dataset. Approach. In this paper, we investigate adversarial domain adaptation applied to real use cases with wearable sleep datasets acquired from diseased patient populations. Different practical aspects of the adversarial domain adaptation framework are examined, including the added value of (pseudo-)labels from the target dataset and the influence of domain mismatch between the source and target data. The method is also implemented for personalization to specific patients. Main results. The results show that adversarial domain adaptation is effective in the application of sleep staging on wearable data. When compared to a model applied on a target dataset without any adaptation, the domain adaptation method in its simplest form achieves relative gains of 7%–27% in accuracy. The performance in the target domain is further boosted by adding pseudo-labels and real target domain labels when available, and by choosing an appropriate source dataset. Furthermore, unsupervised adversarial domain adaptation can also personalize a model, improving the performance by 1%–2% compared to a non-personalized model. Significance. In conclusion, adversarial domain adaptation provides a flexible framework for semi-supervised and unsupervised transfer learning. This is particularly useful in sleep staging and other wearable electroencephalography applications. (Clinical trial registration number: S64190.)


Ready or not: Assessing national institutional capacity for climate change adaptation / Aarjan Dixit, Heather McGray, Javier Gonzales, and Margaret Desmond. World Resources Institute, January 2012, 24 p. (Working Paper) http://pdf.wri.org/working_papers/ready_or_not.pdf This working paper introduces the National Adaptive Capacity (NAC) framework, a tool to assist governments in bringing institutional capacity development into their adaptation planning processes. The NAC framework enables its ...


The main purpose of the current study is to help researchers and students studying lithics in Brazilian archaeology to understand, through a macro-regional scale, the potential sources of the main occurrences of lithic raw materials in Brazil. This potential is presented from a qualitative point of view and has been divided along two perspectives. The first approach recalls the geological areas known as shields. These are the Guianas, Central Brazil, and Atlantic, and together, they account for 57.3% of the national territory. The sedimentary basins, more significant in size, are the Amazonas, Foz do Amazonas, Parnaiba, Sanfranciscana, Pantanal and Parana, and account for the remaining 42.7% of the terrain. The second approach presents the lithic potential according to the major geomorphologic domains called the Amazonian, Cerrado, Mares de Morros, Caatinga, Mata de Araucarias, Prairies and Transition Zones, although this paper focuses only on the first four mentioned. Properly defining the nature of the lithic raw materials has been an issue for archaeologists, particularly those materials whose macroscopic features are similar and very fine grained, such as flint, chert, chalcedony, silcrete, silicified sandstone and fine sandstone. The lack of field activities in Brazilian archaeology courses results in not providing a minimum basis in mineralogy, geology and geomorphology for archaeology works to be carried out properly. In cases where the archaeological lithic studies are the main subject of the work or research, the scenario may be even worse due to the lack of availability of public domain geological maps at appropriate scale, in such a way that the small rock bodies, often classified as potential lithic occurrences, are not represented. To be used both in reference work, field research and laboratory stages, this paper provides simplified schemes of classification and identification for the most common rocks and minerals found at archaeological sites in Brazil, also mentioning the basic processes of rocks formation. Aging more than 541 million years, the shields are formed mainly by igneous intrusive and metamorphic rocks and their height ranges from 300 to 3000 meters. Their main raw materials, potentially useful for the lithic industries, are the granites, granodiorites, gabbros, diabases, amphibolites, quartzites, gneisses, iron formations, metamorphosed limestones, soapstones, jaspilites, laterites, quartz, hematite, manganese oxides and, more rarely, sillimanite and amazonite. Constituted by sedimentary and extrusive rocks as well as sediments, and located in regions whose altitude is below 300 meters high, the sedimentary basins age less than 541 million years. The most frequent sedimentary rocks, which are useful for the lithic industry, are sandstones, siltstones, arkoses, limestones and less commonly silexites and cherts; the main volcanic rocks are basalts, less frequently rhyolites and rhyodacites and very rare obsidians; among the minerals, can be mentioned agate, chalcedony and quartz; and gravel pebbles, laterites and silcretes as Tertiary-Quaternary sediments. The pebbles of fluvial and coastal gravels can contain certain rocks and minerals from practically all examples mentioned in the shields and sedimentary basins. The Brazilian river system, constituted by abundant water bodies, most of them draining shield areas and rugged terrains in basins, provided in the archaeological past a significant lithologic variety for those human populations, and such condition must be considered in the lithic studies in Brazil.


Aonla is emerging fruit crop due to its high content of Vit "C" and medicinal properties. The investigation entitled "Studies on post-harvest handling and juice extraction methods of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) fruits." was undertaken at Pomology laboratory and Fruit and Vegetable Processing Unit of Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during 2015-2016. In experiment no.1 six post-harvest treatments viz., T110 per cent brine water (10 minutes dipping) T2-100 ppm sodium hypochloride (10 minutes Dipping), T3Hot water treatment 50oC for 5 minutes, T40.1 per cent KMS (10 minutes dipping), T5Saccharomyces cereviceae 5 g / lit (10 minutes dipping), T6-Control and two storage conditions, viz., ambient temperature (S1) and cold storage (S2) were used for the study. Factorial completely randomized design was used to know the interaction effects of different post-harvest treatments and storage conditions on chemical composition and physical parameters of aonla fruits. Considering chemical composition, physical parameters the cold storage was found to be best as compared to ambient temperature for storage of aonla fruits. Interaction T1S2 recorded minimum increase in pH (0.44%) and minimum decrease in volume (16%). Minimum decrease in ascorbic acid (13.45%) and weight (13.41%), minimum increase in PLW (11.30%), shrivelling (8.00%) and maximum shelf life (6 days) was recorded by the interaction T2S2 (100 ppm sodium hypochloride, 10 minutes dipping at cold storage). Minimum decrease in titratable acidity was recorded in interaction T3S2 (Hot water treatment 50oC for 5 minutes at cold storage). Interaction T4S2 (0.1 per cent KMS, 10 minutes dipping at cold storage) recorded minimum increase in reducing sugars (1.24%). Minimum increase in T.S.S. (3.90%) and total sugars (1.63%) was recorded in interaction T5S2 (Sachharomyces cereviciae 5g /lit at cold storage) while minimum increase in spoilage was recorded by the interaction T2S2 and T4S2 at the end of shelf life. Among the different interactions under study, interaction T2S2 (100 ppm sodium hypochloride, 10 minutes dipping at cold storage) was found to be best, as fruit quality and shelf life is concerned. In experiment no.2, seven different juice extraction methods were used for preparation of aonla syrup. For this experiment completely randomized design was used. Among seven treatments of juice extraction, treatment T2 recorded maximum T.S.S. (72.33°B), reducing sugars (37.78%), total sugars (65.95%) and ascorbic acid (78.47 mg/100 ml) after four months of storage period. Minimum titratable acidity (0.90%) and highest pH (4.82) was recorded by the T7 treatment. As far as microbial count was concerned, the lowest bacterial count was recorded by the treatments T4 and T6 (2×10-3) while lowest fungal count was noticed in T4 (4×10-3) after 4 months storage period. Treatment T6 (Juice extraction by shredding the fruits, heating (80oC for 5 minutes) with water (1:0.50) and pressing in basket press, then addition of 10 per cent water in pulp residue and heating (80oC for 5 minutes) and pressing in basket press) recorded maximum overall acceptability score (7.30) and treatment T6 and T7 recorded maximum benefit : cost ratio (2.24). m|kufo|k foHkkx] —f"k egkfo|ky;] nkiksyh MkWckGklkgsc lkoar dksd.k —f"k fo|kihB] nkiksyh 415 512] ftjRukfxjh izca/k 'kh"kZd vkoGk (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) QGkph dk<.kh i'pkr gkrkG.kh vkf.k jl dk<.;kP;k i)rh vH;kl.ks fo|kFkhZuhps uko dqjfldk /kksaMw /kqekG uksan.kh Øekad ,p~Mhih,e~@14@0073 izos'kkps o"kZ 2015&16 inoh inO;wRrj 1⁄4m|kufo|k1⁄2 la'kks/ku ekxZn'kZdkps uko MkWlhMhiokj] gqn~nk lg;ksxh izk/;kid] m|kufo|k foHkkx] —f"k egkfo|ky;] nkiksyh lknj o"kZ es] 2016


The authors examine "the living arrangements and economic status of children in a dynamic perspective using data from a longitudinal household survey (the Panel Study of Income Dynamics or PSID) for which annual interviews were conducted with a representative sample of U.S. households between 1968 and 1984. Much of this analysis will focus on a group of 707 children who were born into these households between 1967 and 1969 and for whom detailed demographic and economic information has been gathered over their first 15 years of childhood." Attention is given to time spent in one-parent households and to parental absence and childs economic well-being. In most instances data are provided separately for blacks and whites. It is found that "while most of the children who ever live in a single-parent family or below the poverty line do so for a relatively short period racial differences are striking: Both life in a single-parent family and experience with poverty are much more prevalent and persistent for black children than for whites." While the effect of marital status on the economic well-being of mothers and children is shown "labor-market events appear to bear more responsibility than do family events for transitions into poverty." (EXCERPT)


Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of global mortality, which is often caused by acute myocardial infarction (MI). This type of acute cardiac injury promotes robust inflammatory cascades by regulating spatiotemporal myeloid cell (neutrophil, monocyte and macrophage) responses in the infarct area, which are essential in the orchestration of post-infarct tissue remodeling and repair. We previously reported that deletion of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in all cells of hematopoietic origin resulted in generalized disruption of immune cell responsiveness to injury, but with unknown impact of myeloid cells in particular. To investigate this, we crossed floxed β2AR (β2
 f/f
 ) mice with myeloid cell-expressing Cre (LysM-Cre) mice to generate myeloid cell-specific β2AR knockout mice (LB2) and subjected them to MI. M-mode echocardiography indicated a preservation of ejection fraction (%EF) and fractional shortening (%FS) in the LB2 mice versus either β2
 f/f
 or LysM-Cre mice at 3 days post-MI, which was maintained at 28 days post-MI, concurrent with reduced infarct size and interstitial fibrosis, suggesting a cardioprotective role of myeloid cell-specific β2-AR deletion. While immune cell profiling by FACS analysis showed similar CD45
 +
 CD11b
 +
 Ly6C
 +
 monocyte, CD45
 +
 CD11b
 +
 Ly6G
 +
 neutrophil and CD45
 +
 CD11b
 +
 F4/80
 +
 macrophage accumulation in LB2 and β2
 f/f
 mouse hearts at 1 day post-MI, neutrophil frequency was significantly reduced in LB2 mouse hearts by 4 days post-MI, suggesting LB2 hearts have enhanced capacity for efferocytosis of dead cells. Notably, RT-qPCR analysis revealed a significant upregulation of pro-efferocytosis genes in LB2 bone marrow cells, including annexin A1 (ANXA1). Additionally, ANXA1 protein expression was shown to be upregulated in LB2 versus β2
 f/f
 cardiac CD11b
 +
 myeloid cells, including macrophages, at 1-day post-MI. In vitro efferocytosis assay data suggested that there was significant increment in %-efferocytosis of LB2 neutrophils as compared to β2
 f/f
 . Taken together, our data suggest that β2AR is a crucial regulator of myeloid cell-dependent efferocytosis in the heart following injury and suggests a crucial timepoint at which β2AR-selective therapeutics may promote the clearance of dead cells to promote repair.


192 (1980, for 1978 and 1979), xxiv-xxv : `However it is important to emphasise that the income recorded in the accounts was based on the total revenue due to the chamberlains and is not at all necessarily identical with the cash which had actually been paid into the chamber .' 5 1521 and 1528 . See York, 1, pp 226 and 249 ; York, 2, pp 822 and 837 . 6 York, 1, p 547, reference in the year 1615 . 7 For details of the handwriting of John Clerke and his keeping the Register, see Peter Meredith, `John Clerke's Hand in the York Register,' Leeds Studies in English, ns 12 (1981), 245-71 . 8 The entries, referred to above, concerning the end of the Merchants' pageant house and the apparent lease to Mr Moseley of the house and later the ground on which it stood are similarly cancelled out by entries on the reverse of the roll :


In May, 2000, the Supreme Court agreed to review this decision, raising the prospect of a major pronouncement on the non-delegation doctrine, the enforceability of the revised ozone standard, and the role of compliance costs in setting nationwide air quality standards.


The Llano dam is a body of surface water that has been used as a source of water for irrigation and tourist activities such as rowing and fishing tournaments; This dam is located in the municipality of Villa del Carbón in the State of Mexico and there is a history of contamination by enterobacteria and phosphorus (Razo J. et al; 2016). Due to the mentioned importance of this body of water, the objective of this work was to carry out phytoremediation through the use of islands based on recyclable material (PET) and with the plant species Eichhornia crassipes and Cyperus papyrus. The phytoremediation evaluation was performed over a period of three months considering 3 arm, center and curtain sampling zones. The presence of enterobacteria was evaluated as indicators of microbiological contamination and in terms of physicochemical parameters, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, sulfates, nitrates and phosphates were evaluated. The microbiological results showed absence of enterobacteria in the central area of the body in the last sampling, it should be noted that the behavior of the physicochemical parameters is very variable, the values of nitrates and phosphates are related to the presence of enterobacteria, when modified it has an effect on the microorganisms mentioned above. It is important to note that the lack of environmental education in both site administrators and visitors affected the efficiency of the islands as they were moved to the banks of the dam reducing the contact of the phytoremediation islands with water.


Few data are available about the effect of RMNH in COPD patients. Aim: evaluate the effect of 4 weeks RMNH (Spirotiger ® ) on QoL, exercise capacity and ventilation in COPD. Materials and Methods: 25 COPD (3F), age 42-80. Respiratory function tests (FEV 1 , FVC, MIP), QoL (St George9s Questionnaire), 6MWT and endurance symptom limited test (75-80% of peak-work rate, tLIM) were performed before and after RMNH. 12 patients were instrumented with a portable inductive plethysmografhy (Lifeshirt System) to evaluate breathing pattern and thoraco-abdominal coordination (phase angle, PhA) during tLIM. After 4 supervised sessions, they trained at home for 4 weeks: 10 min twice a day at 50% of MVV. Results, Tab 1. 6 patients dropped out. During tLIM we found: lower VE, lower RR and higher TV; lower oxygen desaturation; lower increase in PhA and lower dyspnea Borg Score for the same work intensity (p 2 , before and after RMNH, were significantly related (R 2 =0.65, p=0.003). Conclusion: As expected RMNH improves exercise capacity and QoL. New results are: the significantly change in breathing pattern which improves SpO 2 and the better thoraco-abdominal coordination (lower PhA). These facts can have a role in the improvement of exercise capacity and the lower dyspnea perception. All these data show the clinical importance of these functional improvements in COPD.


DC and RF performance of p-type diamond MESFETs (Metal-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors), is critically evaluated, especially for high temperature application. The investigation utilizes a theoretical large-signal RF model using a harmonic balance technique and the results are compared to experimental measurements. It is shown that the DC and RF performance of diamond MESFET is improved with temperature in an operating temperature range of 300 K to 923 K. The improvement of device performance with temperature can be attributed to a high value of activation energy (0.35 eV) for the ionization of boron. At 773 K, where essentially full activation occurs, the maximum RF output power at an operating frequency of 5 GHz is about 0.63 W/mm, and the maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) is 36% with the linear power gain of 9.4 dB. It is shown that the microwave power application of MESFETs in p-type diamond but otherwise conventional design is limited to high temperature.


In its narrative form and in the philosophical issues raised by its narrator, Swift's "Waterland" brings into question the distinctions between past and future, beginning and end, cause and effect on which the concept of linear, chronological time depends. It does so partly by pointing to the "infinite regress" in which any quest for origins or first causes is inevitably involved and partly by demonstrating that human affairs also follow the same "pattern of eddying repetition" as "natural history," that human beings are driven by the same "insidious longing to revert" as eels or geese. In individual lives as well as the grand stage of historical events, the "natural stuff" of which human beings are made is "always getting the better of the artificial stuff"-of the purposive designs that we try to impose on experience to give it meaning and structure. What this means for Tom Crick's narrative is that "the complete and final version" of his story can never be told, that the events he is trying to describe are always disrupting the linear, progressive frame that he tries to impose on them, pointing to another mode of time that somehow underlies or supercedes the linear, causal one. Because Tom is suspicious of our "insidious longing to revert" and unwilling to transgress the limits of our time-bound phenomenal world, however, there must be a second Crick brother in the novel who is relatively uninscribed by the symbolic order, capable of "going beyond or getting outside himself," of returning to the undifferentiated generative matrix that is the source of all particular time-bound forms. Though he generally condemns "regression" as a betrayal of civilization, Tom can describe his brother's return to this maternal matrix as a triumph because it demonstrates the limits inherent in any specific symbolic "transcription" of reality, the inadequacy to experience of any totalizing religious or philosophical terminology. The water to which Dick returns is destructive of human distinction and order, but it is also a perpetual source of new beginnings, the site of everlasting renewal and regeneration.


Review-based control charts that integrate sentiment analysis with traditional control charts are emerging as effective tools for analyzing customer complaints. However, existing approaches face significant challenges due to their lack of alignment with the natural characteristics of online reviews, such as limited review volumes or imbalanced mentions of attributes. To address these challenges, which are commonly encountered in real-world applications, this study proposes a novel framework for review-based complaint analysis that combines a bi-level control chart with dynamic importance–performance analysis. The proposed method converts unstructured reviews into a set of statistical control charts, analyzes how the average of and variation in attribute importance and performance change over time, and identifies whether the changes are a natural event, a temporal aberration, or a gradual trend. This allows for conducting apples-to-apples quality comparison among multiple attributes and establishing appropriate improvement strategies in real-time and proactive manners. To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the method, an empirical case study using online hotel reviews is presented.


Coal quality and the boiler's operational condition are the main factors that influence the burn-out rate of Fujian anthracite coal.Due to coal quality and combustion characteristics such as compactness of interior particle structure,poor reactivity and strong fragmentation tendency at high temperatures are the main intrinsic factors that cause Fujian anthracite coal hard to burn out in CFB boilers;whereas boiler operation factors such as the distribution of coal granules fed,excess air ratio,secondary air rate,as well as the way of its feeding,and the combustion temperature have also a great effect on the coal's burn-out rate.Test results show that coarser sieved particles with a narrow size range,increased excess air ratio and the secondary air rate,enhanced secondary air's stirring and penetrating capability and increased combustion temperature all help to raise the burn out rate of Fujian anthracite in CFB boilers.The excess air ratio should be kept within(1.25)-(1.30),and combustion temperature raised to about 1000 °C to obtain better combustion effect.Figs 8,tables 2 and refs 15.