A heavy over-representation of Indigenous people within criminal justice and
state welfare systems is a co1runon factor of first-world colonized nation-states. In
Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, the US and Canada this over-representation positions
Indigenous peoples as a group of key interest for criminological researchers
and there is a significant body of criminological literature documenting this positioning
in each country. This over-representation also positions Indigenous peoples
as a disproportionately vulnerable group and highlights the criticality of ensuring
that the conduct of research with Indigenous peoples meets high ethical standards.
Conducting ethical research with, or about, Indigenous peoples, however requires
much more than standard ethical approval from university or other institutional ethics
committees. Research with Indigenous peoples, particularly the ethical aspects of this research,
is not neutral territory. Not only are there unique ethical principles, guidelines and
needs associated with such research, the realm is also awash with racial, cultural,
social and political assumptions. The signing of a consent form, for example, taken
as evidence of a participant's voluntary informed participation in the research, may
neither be culturally applicable nor meaningful for Indigenous participants. The
complex realm of ethical Indigenous research practice in settler states, therefore, has
to be examined from both ends of the research spectrum. The ethical principles and
perspectives that the Indigenous subjects of research have articulated and the ethical
dimensions of worldviews and values that researchers themselves bring to their
research alongside the compatibility of these with Indigenous research ethics are
central concerns of ethical research practice with Indigenous peoples. The chapter begins with an overview of the shared positionality of Indigenous
peoples on the hierarchy of socio-economic and cultural disadvantage and within
criminal justice systems in their respective first-world colonized nation-states:
Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, the US and Canada. The chapter then details
Indigenous ethical perspectives, as they are conceived formally and informally, and
their ramifications for criminology researchers in the practice of ethical research.
For Indigenous peoples, ethical research is research that recognizes and respects
Indigenous cultural values, norms, knowledges and sovereign rights. To this encl most
of our example first-world settler states have developed sets of ethical guidelines to
inform researchers designing and conducting culturally appropriate and collaborative
research. A cross-national comparative analysis of these demonstrates both the essential
similarities across cultures and nation-states as well as national variations. The chapter then addresses the ethical impact of the cultural, social and racial
milieu of the researcher: the researcher's worldview. Even if the researcher is fully
cognizant of Indigenous ethical dimensions, the outc01ne is not necessarily ethical
research. If they do not understand their own social position and how this frames
their research practice then a significant potential to do research harm remains.
Researchers' worldview, and the value and belief systems that flow from this, shape
and influence the research questions they regard as important, the way data are
gathered, from whom, and, often most critically, the interpretation of those data.
Criminological research is not purely a scholarly endeavor and those interpretations
have social and public policy resonance. Far removed from researchers themselves,
research findings have real life effects on Indigenous peoples and communities. An
Australian research example is used to demonstrate such ethical issues.


Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my first supervisor, Dr. Emiel Caron, for his valuable guidance, support and recommendations during my master thesis and my second supervisor, Dr. Hans Le Fever, for assisting me in the initial phase of the master thesis and for his recommendations. In addition, I would like to thank my manager at ING, Anabel Almagro, for giving me the opportunity to work on this project. Special thanks should be given to two colleagues of mine at ING, Rene Vermaat and Gokulram Krishnamurthy, for their continuous assistance and guidance throughout this project. Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, Panagiotis and Ekaterini, and my sister, Maria, for their endless support and encouragement throughout my study. Business Summary In this study, a method is designed that automates the integration and reconciliation of risk rating data obtained from credit-rating agencies. Data reconciliation is considered to be part of data integration and, in the business intelligence context, deals with the decision whether data descriptions from different sources point to the same real world entity. Due to syntactic, structural and semantic variation, much of the reconciliation process is done manually, which increases the cost of maintaining data quality. ING, as many other organizations in the financial sector, is concerned with this problem as it uses risk ratings for risk management. After conducting literature review on data reconciliation and risk ratings, we used ING's resources and risk rating data from risk rating agencies, such as Moody's, Fitch and Standard and Poor's, to identify the main challenges of data integration and afterwards design an automated method for reconciliation. The main focus of this method was the reduction of the manual effort and the securement of the quality of the data. The conceptual design was implemented using ING's infrastructure and evaluated using golden data sets. At the last stage, data quality requirements for onboarding a vendor were identified in order to facilitate the reconciliation process in the future. Our method has very high precision, recall and F1 score values and it matches on average 93.79% issuers.


This paper presents the results of tensile tests for lead zirconate titanate (PZT)/Platinum (Pt) thin films of 2.15 μm thickness in atmospheric air at room temperature. An axial loading tester developed by the authors was used for the tests. The tester was equipped with a load cell with a maximum capacity of 0.5 N and a non‐contact position measuring system based on the principle of capacitance micrometry. Furthermore, the tester was equipped with a CCD (charge‐coupled device) system for measuring the displacement of the gage length. Specimens with three different widths (50, 100 and 150 μm) were fabricated to study the size (width of specimen) effects. The elastic moduli of the specimens with 50, 100 and 150 μm width were 72.8 ± 3.7, 75.0 ± 1.3, 73.3 ± 1.8 GPa, respectively. In addition, the ultimate tensile strength of the specimens with 50, 100 and 150 μm width were 263.4 ± 21.1, 238.6 ± 4.5, 221.1 ± 13.9 MPa, respectively. It was observed that the width of specimen has little effect on the elastic modulus of PZT/Pt thin films but has an effect on the ultimate tensile strength of PZT/Pt thin films and the ultimate tensile strength decreases as the width increases. It was assumed that the scatter in the ultimate tensile strength of 50 μm width was attributed to delamination of PZT/Pt layers before the fracture in the tensile test. The 0.2% offset yield strength could not be measured because the PZT/Pt thin film is very brittle.


[1] We review our past and ongoing use of ground-penetrating radar to investigate permafrost in Alaska and in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The results may be relevant to radar efforts on Mars because of arid conditions and the presence of ice. The pulses were centered at 50, 100, and 400 MHz. We interpret profiles from two sites in the eastern Taylor Valley to show glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial stratigraphy. The maximum depth of stratigraphy profiled there was about 33 m. Near Fairbanks, Alaska, the depth of penetration at 50 MHz was near 80 m in marginally frozen and stratified alluvial sands. At the Fairbanks sites, supplementary drilling was required to differentiate between reflections from conductive bedrock, a graphitic schist, and those from the water table at depths of 20–25 m. At a site on the North Slope of Alaska, we profiled present and remnant freezing fronts in an alluvial floodplain. The relative permittivity at most sites ranged between about 4 and 5.5, which is consistent with dry conditions, the mineralogy, and low ice content. Weak interface reflectivity or the lack of further interfaces may have limited the interpretation of maximum penetration where no water table was present because signal absorption should have been low and scarce diffractions imply that scattering was weak. The interface reflectivities beneath Taylor Valley may be a function of only density contrasts, since free water, and possibly ice, is absent.


School safety has become central to the educational goals and missions of schools on almost every continent (Astor & Benbenishty, 2018). Equally important is supporting the social, emotional, and mental health needs of all students. School counselors have specific training to help students navigate the challenges of distance learning and identify those who are struggling to cope, but many have faced a new challenge with the COVID-19 pandemic: counseling students virtually. This article aims to optimize school safety and student success by enhancing school counselors' ability to identify students who are struggling to cope in distance learning environments.


This paper examines the dynamics of the relationship between Baka hunter-gatherers and farmers in the forests of southeastern Cameroon, focusing on 2 aspects of this situation: Changes in the Baka lifestyle and the attitudes of the 2 ethnic groups toward the external society. As a result of the sedentarization policy promoted by the government since the 1950s, the nomadic Baka hunter-gatherers have settled near the farmers' villages. This transformation has made the Baka more economically and politically dependent on the farmers. In recent decades, the introduction of logging companies, tourism businesses, and conservation agencies to the forest in which the Baka reside has created conflicts of interest between these outside actors and the Baka with regard to forest resources. The majority of the benefits generated by these outside agencies have gone to farmers' groups, and the Baka have been marginalized politically and economically. Interventions by outside agencies appear to play a decisive role the future sustainability of the Baka way of life.


OBJECTIVE To understand the current status and issues of village doctor training in Hebei Province,and explore an effective model to train village doctor.METHODS Data from Supervision Group,Project Office,Health Department of Hebei Province,in Handan and other 6 city,2010,by means of documents interviewment,personal in-depth interviews.RESULTS Every city can carry out training programs according to implementation scheme by Health Department of Hebei Province.Completion rate of training programs is 136%.Some drawback s are found in the project,such as the content,time and form of trainment.CONCLUSIONS in order to improve the training effect,5 steps should the stessed,including funding and payment of training funds,organization and provision of treatment,supervision and management,and the compliance of villiage doctors.


High switching frequency associated with soft commutation techniques is a trend in switching converters. Following this trend, it is presented a new topology of a PWM Buck Quadratic converter. The DC voltage conversion ratio of this converter has a quadratic dependence on duty cycle, providing a large step-down. The circuit proposed is able to operate with soft switching in a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) way. In addiction such converter provides a high efficient operating condition for a wide load range at high-switching frequency. In order to illustrate the operational principle of this new converter a detailed study, including simulations is carried out. The validity of this new converter is guaranteed by the obtained results.


With the increasing demand for Japanese professionals in the market, colleges and universities need to strengthen education reform, build an effective talent training model, and train Japanese professionals with strong professional ability for the country. With the increasing number of Japanese majors and the relative shrinking of the employment market, it is urgent for us to adjust and improve the existing talent training strategies. Data mining is a process of extracting implicit, implicit but useful information and knowledge from a large number of incomplete, noisy, fuzzy and random data. Its main function is to find valuable information from massive data and transform the data into organized knowledge. Based on data mining, this paper analyzes the specific goals of cross-cultural communication in Japanese teaching, and puts forward some suggestions on the cultivation of cross-cultural communication ability and the construction of its training mode, so as to cultivate Japanese talents with foreign language quality and cultural quality and cross-cultural communication in teaching.


This paper discusses the new traffic rules being developed in The Netherlands, to overcome the serious problems there that rules and signals are neglected on a large scale and are often too complicated. The new principles for rules and signals are: (1) traffic rules should be applied only when essential; (2) there should be no signals when infrastructural solutions are at stake; (3) when signals are necessary, use them only when people can be expected to accept them and enough police enforcement is assured; (4) quantity of rules and signals is no longer required; (5) rules and signals should have a high quality, and be able to solve problems in a way acceptable to people. In applying these principles, the traffic administration has made itself vulnerable, because it sometimes has to refuse the requests of action and pressure groups. Nevertheless, the Dutch Government has chosen this approach, because it considers that it is the only way to improve road safety and quality of life. The author proposes ten theses for traffic regulation and its enforcement, including the following: (1) traffic regulation is acceptable only when a reasonable obedience is assured; (2) traffic rules should be less complicated, provided only for the most essential cases, and punish severely when violated; (3) simplifying the traffic code will fail without the support of other measures for road users and the authorities. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 853605.


The aphid genus,Ephedraphis Hille Ris Lambers,which was important economic valuable,is firstly recorded in China.A new record species,Ephedraphis gobica Szelegiewicz,1963 is described.Morphological features and description,distribution,and host plants are provided.All specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China.


An 18-month-old boy, referred because of an infection of the airways, was found to have a right-sided heart, a hypoplastic right lung, absence of the right pulmonary artery, and persistence of the hepatic venous plexus. The benign association of this unusual variant of the scimitar syndrome and persistence of the hepatic venous plexus needs to be recognised in order to avoid extensive investigations and surgery involving the inferior caval vein.


By using full wave acoustic,including longitudinal wave,transverse wave and stoneley wave and DSI log,we can get more information about fractures and cracks in carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield.Acoustic time difference,frequency and energy are collected by picking-up two kinds of information in time and frequency field.The energy and attenuation of the waves can be used to infer the permeability of a stratum.The relative changes of the energy of Stoneley wave can be used to define permeable strata


W e s t J . R e s p i r a t o r y P h y s i o l o g y : T h e E s s e n t i a l s 8 t h e d i t i o n . 2 0 0 8 A 44-year-old male presented to the emergency room after a fall and suffered a stage 4 tibial plateau fracture. The patient was taken to the operating room (OR) for an external fixation of patient's left leg to stabilize the fracture and two days later went back to the OR for internal fixation of the fracture. During the case, the patient had an intraoperative tourniquet placed over the left knee for hemostasis during the repair. Immediately after the tourniquet release, the patient's saturations had dropped to 83%. The patient's heart rate went from 85 to 115 beats per minute however the blood pressure remained stable. The oxygen saturation was increased by bag mask ventilation and increasing the FiO2 from 40% to 100%. The patient was then placed back on volume control ventilation with settings of tidal volumes of 800 mL, a rate of 12, PEEP of 5, and FiO2 40%. There was continuous EtCO2 monitoring throughout the case, which was 35 mmHg prior to tourniquet release. After release, the EtCO2 decreased to 23 mmHg instead of increasing, as would be expected. An ABG was obtained and found the patient had an initial pH of 7.24, PCO2 of 61, PO2 of 85, bicarbonate of 26, and saturation was 95% On 100% FiO2 with an A-a gradient of 552. Based on the large A-a gradient and a decrease in end-tidal CO2, an acute physiologic dead space occurred and a PE was suspected. A CT angiogram was performed and confirmed multiple large proximal segmental PE's. Discussion Normal physiologic changes with tourniquet release show that EtCO2 and PaCO2 increase within one minute and do not return to normal for 13 minutes. The blood pH decreases maximally in 4 minutes due to an increase in PCO2 as well as a metabolic acidosis from lactic acid formation. In an area of lung that does not have adequate perfusion, the measured alveolar CO2 would be low and alveolar O2 concentrations would be high, thus creating a physiologic dead space. In our patient, we see an acute formation of physiologic dead space with his EtCO2 decreasing instead of increasing and he has a large A-a gradient which left only one possible explanation in such an acute setting, a large PE.


The effect of changes in the modern family on young men and women attending college is examined in the context of higher education. A discussion is offrred of the meaning of psychological regression and narcissism, the needs young people bring to college, and how these needs may or may not be met by traditional programs. Among the points raised in the essay are the tension between faculty and students and the persisting sentiment among some faculty that the personal issues raised by students in their classes do not conistitute legitimate academic fare. Throughout the discussion emphasis is placed on the importance of colleges and universities establishing humane programs.


Introduction THE VIEW, that poliomyelitis can no longer be regarded as a disease of children and that the phrase "Infantile Paralysis" is a misnomer, needs no emphasis to-day. Nevertheless, it is predominantly a disease of children and young adults. Only 15 per cent of cases in England and Wales occurring since 1947 were aged 25 years or over (the Ministry of Health Report, 1951). Culley (195 I ) analysed 380 cases occurring in Wales in 1950 and found only 8 (2! per cent) over 40 years of age and of these 5 were in the 40-50 year group. Generally speaking, therefore, a diagnosis of poliomyelitis in the elderly and middle-aged is looked on with suspicion. There is, as yet, no specific treatment for poliomyelitis. Herein lies the major difficulty in its management-a difficulty, however, which in the adult is lessened, in that the active co-operation of the patient is usually assured in Contradistinction to the behaviour of the child. Apart from this nominal difference, the management (imperfect though it be) is the same in both groups. In the absence of specific treatment for a particular malady, it is natural for many conflicting opinions and prejudices to be held. Poliomyelitis is no exception to this generalization. Neither am I guiltless myself. What follows, therefore, must largely be another personal viewpoint based on some doubtless imperfect observations of the disease and its victims.


It is an adiabatic test method and its apparatus for stimulating the coal autoignition process, which is to locate an adiabatic coal sample jar served as coal low temperature oxidation reaction and to let the gas in the jar firstly go through the copper gas guide pipe in the gas bath temperature control box for preheating and the environment temperature in the box of the reaction always traces the temperature changes in the coal sample jar. It adopts preheat gas path apparatus, gas bath temperature control box, adiabatic coal jar in the temperature control box, temperature control system, which makes the heat generated during the reaction remain in the coal sample to stimulate the coal autoignition process.


In this paper, we consider the event-triggered exponential practical tracking problem for uncertain Euler-Lagrange systems. By using a modified adaptive control technique, we design a digitally implementable control law and a Zeno-free event-triggered mechanism to solve the problem. Both the position tracking error and the velocity tracking error are guaranteed to exponentially converge to an arbitrarily small prescribed neighborhood of the origin, and the convergence rate can be made arbitrarily fast.


Abstract In wake of emerging applications of organotellurium compounds in biological and material science avenues, the current review describes their key synthetic methodologies while focusing the synthesis of organotellurium compounds through five ligand-to-metal linkages including carbon; carbon-oxygen; carbon-nitrogen; carbon-metal; carbon-sulfur to tellurium. In all of these linkages whether tellurium links with ligands through a complicated or simple pathways, it is often governed through electrophilic substitution reactions. The present study encompasses these major synthetic routes so as to acquire comprehensive understanding of synthetic organotellurium compounds.


Phase change materials (PCMs) applied to photovoltaic (PV) panels are a promising solution to recover the large share of energy from the incident radiation, not converted into electricity. PCMs can store a huge amount of energy, exploiting the solid-liquid phase change, which occurs at a nearly constant temperature. In addition, reducing the temperature of a PV panel increases its electric conversion efficiency. This papers experimentally investigates the match between the heat production of a PV-PCM system and the domestic hot water (DHW) demand of a typical residential building. Different curves of demand are analyzed, all have a peak in the evening period. The solar radiation profile of a typical sunny day is reproduced under a solar simulator. Once the PCM is fully melt, a hydraulic circuit, which connects the heat exchanger immersed in the PCM to a water tank, is activated to extract the heat stored. Different tests are performed by varying the size of the water tank storage. Results show that a storage volume of 50 L, 75 L, 100 L and 125 L ensures a reduction of energy demand of 15.3%, 21.2%, 22% and 21.5% respectively, compared to traditional electric water heaters.


The therapeutic potential of Hot Water Leaf Extract of Justicia secunda(HWEJS) on oxidative stress indices in paracetamol (N‐Acetyl‐p‐Benzoquinone Imine) induced hepatotoxic rats was investigated. Justicia secunda is a blood boosting plant used traditionally with so many medicinal activities. Five groups of 10 rats each were used for the study, GpD was the control given n‐saline and the test grps A,B and C were administered with 2000mg/kg N‐Acetyl‐p‐Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI) and after 24hrs, groupsB and C were administered with 200 and 400mg/kg of HWEJS respectively for 7 days. The body weights were also measured. Results of the study showed a relative weight loss of all the groups except the control in the first 2 days thereafter a relative increase was observed throughout the duration of the experiment. This could be as a result of the ameliorative effect of the extract against NAPQI overdose. Oxidative stress indices in the animals treated with NAPQI (as shown in the figure) increased the levels of the oxidative enzymes while the 200 and 400mg/kg HWEJS reduced them except in Malondealdehyde which showed a reduced level with NAPQI with increased levels on the treated groups. Gpx showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. CAT and SOD decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 400mg/kg and non‐significant (p>0.05) at 200mg/kg respectively relative to control. MDA, an indicator for lipid peroxidation recorded non‐significant (p.>0.05) levels for all the test groups when compared to the control. These results suggest that the oral administration (p.o) of hot water extract of the leaves of J.S have antioxidant activities at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg in the hepatotoxic rats. The combination of SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes constitute a first line antioxidant defense system that plays a crucial role in total defense mechanisms during metabolic processes. In the extract treated animals, SOD showed that it may have removed superoxide anions from oxidative insult by helping in breaking down potentially cellular harmful oxygen molecules while the CAT and GPX protected the cells from damage due to free radicals like the peroxides. This result could suggest that the hot water extract of Justicia secunda can be used in conditions where harmful oxygen molecules are believed to play a role in a disease or in oxidative stress‐related diseases as a therapeutic agent.


ABSTRACT Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) recently have been implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the functional role of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis is largely unknown. Here we identified LOC285194 as a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis during atherosclerosis. The expression of LOC285194 was dramatically down-regulated in a aortic atherosclerotic plaques of well-defined model of apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE−/-) mice. Moreover, we found that targeting LOC285194 results in neointimal hyperplasia in vivo in carotid artery injury model. We also showed that targeting LOC285194 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro, and vice versa. In addition, targeting LOC285194 promotes cell invasion and migration in vitro. Our studies identify LOC285194 as a novel regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis and suggest that this lncRNA could serve as a therapeutic target to treat atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders. Graphical abstract


in Analysis and Design of Primary Parallel Isolated Boost Converter Efficient power processing through power electronics circuits a popular academic field for past after "green" vehicle applications based on fuel cells, batteries and super-capacitors emerged as alternative sources of propulsion for transportation. Dc-to-dc converters found their places in such applications as voltage / power regulators where relatively lower voltages with higher currents are to be handled. Among various converter topologies proposed and used in the literature, Primary Parallel Isolated Boost Converter (PPIBC) is a good candidate for such applications due to its simplicity and ability to handle higher currents. configurations for PPIBC have been investigated. -A modeling approach to PPIBC has been proposed for closed loop control. -A bidirectional version of PPIBC has been built and tested successfully.


A recent study on the effect of colored driving noise on the escape from a metastable state derives an analytic expression of the transfer function of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model subject to colored noise. Here we present an alternative derivation of the results, taking into account time-dependent boundary conditions explicitly. This systematic approach may facilitate future extensions beyond first order perturbation theory. The analogy of the quantum harmonic oscillator to the LIF neuron model subject to white noise enables a derivation of the well known transfer function simpler than the original approach. We offer a pedagogical presentation including all intermediate steps of the calculations.


8110 Background: M. D. Anderson Cancer Center encounters patients in whom thrombocytopenia and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) coexist. The current guidelines for the treatment of ACS in patients with normal platelet counts indicate Aspirin (ASA) therapy with reported reduction in mortality rate of 50%. There are, however, no guidelines for ASA therapy in cancer patients with ACS and thrombocytopenia, and ASA is usually withheld because of the risk for bleeding.

METHODS
Medical records of all patients diagnosed with ACS during 2001 at our institute were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A, platelet count > 100 × 109/L, and group B, with platelet count ≤ 100 × 109/L. ASA treatments, the incidence of bleeding, and mortality rates for each group was analyzed.

RESULTS
The incidence of patients with ACS and thrombocytopenia was 39%. The severity of MI was not significantly different between the two groups. Group B patients not given ASA treatment had mortality rate of 94% within the first week of myocardial infarction (MI) that decreased to 10% with ASA treatment. Moreover the incidence of bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients taking ASA was 50% with no severe bleeding reported. Patients with normal platelet counts who were treated with ASA also had a13% mortality compared with 55% mortality in those denied ASA.

CONCLUSION
One third of patients diagnosed with ACS at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center had a concomitant thrombocytopenia, which was associated with higher mortality rate. ASA therapy significantly reduced mortality rate in these patients with an acceptable rate of mild to moderate bleeding that was managed adequately with blood transfusion. Moreover, these patients had no significant gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding events. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


ABSTRACT Two adanal suckers occurring in many male Acaridida are structures facilitating partner fixation during mating. In Acarus siro L. and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) they have a form of button-like structures possessing a stiff, slightly concave sucker plate supported with thick exocuticle. The elevated sucker margins are formed by a relatively thick procuticular layer rather than exocuticle. A small papilla, probably a mechanoreceptor, is located in the center of each adanal sucker. Its significance in sucker function is discussed.


Acute Myelogenous leukemia (AML)is a subtype of acute leukemia. The current method of leukemia detection is by manual examination of the blood cells through the microscope. It very time consuming and also it depend on the operator's ability. Current method is very costly .The leukemia is very dangerous if it is left untreated. So the need of automatic detection of leukemia essential. Leukemia can be automatically detected mainly by 5 steps .The first step is preprocessing the image. In preprocessing the RGB color space is converted into CIEL*a*b color space. This is done due to three reasons. First the RGB(red ,green, blue) color space is difficult to segment, second in RGB image background varies greatly with respect to color and intensity. After the preprocessing, noises in the image will remove using a wiener filter. Then the image is segmented into three clusters using K-means clustering algorithm. The segmented white blood cell nucleus feature is then extracted. By using the SVM classifier the image is classified into cancerous or noncancerous image.


he study was set out to examine the effect of globalisation and labour T casualisation on the vibrancy and dynamism of Trade Unions in the country. In that context and with recourse to history, the form and nature of the relationship existent in industrial workplace was analyzed. It was noted that the main industrial relations actors in an organisation are; the employer(s), the employees and the State. However, the State doubles as an umpire and also as an employer as it is the highest employer of labour in the country. It was noted that of the three, the employees (workers) appear to be disadvantaged in the power-game relation with the employer arising from their non ownership of the means of production order than their labour power which can be dispensed at will by the employer(s). This necessitates the merging of the workers individual will power into a collectivized power referred to as Trade Union. The move is to balance the skewed power position of the workers in the power-game relation with the employer(s) whereby policy decisions most especially those affecting the workers are not unilaterally and arbitrarily taking but arrived at through collective bargaining hence the interest of the workers are protected. The study however contends that the globalisation of labour (Internationalisation of labour) and its associated government labour policies (Trade union (Amendment) Act 20005) have tended to diffuse this labour homogeneity and collectivized interest thereby weakening the ability of the organized labour to uphold and protect the interest of the workers in the country as seen in the minimum wage and the fuel subsidy removal debacles etc. consequently the study recommends that the effect of labour internationalisation should be checked in other to protect and project local/national labour in terms of production capability and trade union vibrancy/dynamism.


Popul Space Place. 2019;e2291. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2291 Abstract This paper takes an assemblage approach to extend knowledge and understanding of widening participation (WP) in the United Kingdom. We reflect on the identification and experiences of a WP student population—how this population has been marked out, labelled, and considered through policy and intervention, alongside the materialities and mobilities that shape the lived experiences of these students. Using questionnaire findings, narrative interviews, and photo diaries, it draws on a 12‐month study at a London university to explore the factors that have enabled final‐year undergraduate students from a WP background to stay the course and complete their programme of studies. Our arguments are shaped by the geographical and educational literatures on materialities and mobilities. We bring these together to sketch out a student success assemblage comprising wide‐ranging elements that we frame around identity, support, and resources. Assemblage draws attention to the multiplicity of human/non‐human relations that shape student experience and students' capacities for success. Assemblage intersects with university precisely through a focus on experience and, as we suggest, takes on a particular inflexion for students from a WP background. This underpinning ontological basis to studying WP enables us to view the university, student experience, and success as being continually produced and reproduced, and coconstituted between the human and non‐human. Universities should attend to student assemblages to better understand the experiences of and support needed by underrepresented groups in higher education.


Millisecond pulsars are intrinsically very stable clocks and precise measurement of their observed pulse periods can be used to study a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena. In particular, observations of a large sample of millisecond pulsars at regular intervals, constituting a Pulsar Timing Array (PTA), can be used as a detector of low‐frequency gravitational waves and to establish a standard of time independent of terrestrial atomic timescales. Three major timing array projects have been established: The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA), the North American pulsar timing array (NANOGrav) and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA). Results from the PPTA project are described in some detail and future prospects for PTA projects are discussed.


Just under a year ago I wrote an editorial, using a personal tone, about a big problem we are facing in health care today. For all the talk of patient and family well-being as the raison d'être of health services, true concern for the struggles of those seeking help from the health-care system is sadly lacking in many settings in Canada and worldwide. I wrote about excessive wait times for both the most basic and the most complex health services, the dearth of primary care providers, and a distressing tendency of staff to avoid speaking to or even making eye contact with patients and families, as well as safety issues such as failure to pass on key information to patients, family members, and health-care workers. I also wrote about a creeping sense of hopelessness — the feeling that the status quo is just "the way it is." I argued that, as recipients as well as providers of care, we have an obligation to start fighting back and turning sentiment into action. I wrote that editorial from a very personal viewpoint, at a time when I was grieving the loss of a cherished family member and was engaged in much soul-searching about my work as a health-services researcher and teacher. Standing back almost a year later, after having made some life changes, I think it is time I offered a few suggestions for what we can do to move towards patientand family-centred care, from the relatively easy to the complex and challenging. Perhaps we should start with the simplest of my suggestions. I struggle with the idea that negative media portrayals of our profession (in tele vision programs, journalistic reports, and advertisements) make it hard to attract new recruits to nursing. Members of the public and other healthcare practitioners are left with the impression that our work is undemanding and that we are legitimate targets for mockery if not outright harassment. This renders it difficult to command the resources that nurses need in order to deliver high-quality care. I leave it to you, the reader, to decide how much vigorous activism should be targeted at offensive portrayals of the profession (but I do urge you to consult the excellent blog www.thetruthaboutnursing.com and to read some of the thoughtful works on media images of nursing that a quick Internet search will place at your disposal). I leave it to you to decide whether advertisers and television networks should be targeted in media campaigns. But I do recommend, without hesitation, that you find CJNR 2014, Vol. 46 No 3, 3–5


The authors would like to thank Anonymous Referee #2 for the comments and questions. In the following, the reviewer's comments are in bold, and the authors' responses are in Italics. All line numbers refer to the original, preprint manuscript. As this is the Open Discussion phase, changes to the manuscript have not yet been made, and the responses indicate what changes the authors propose to make.


In article 1600237, an efficient method for quantitatively‐controllable bioconjugation of a type of physically‐fabricated gold nanoparticles is developed by C. Tian, W. Qian, and coworkers. This enables high‐resolution photoacoustic imaging of single live cancer cells, and has potential impacts on cellular imaging, molecular imaging, clinical diagnostics, and optimized cancer therapy.


In this work we demonstrate the design, fabrication and characterization of ultrafast, surface-plasmon enhanced Au nanorod photofield emitter arrays. We present a quantitative analysis of charge yield from plasmonic Au nanorod arrays fabricated by high-resolution electron beam lithography and triggered by 35 fs pulses of 800 nm light. We have accurately modeled both the optical field enhancement of Au nanorods in high-density arrays, and electron emission from those nanorods. We have considered the effects of surface plasmon damping induced by metallic interface layers at the substrate/nanorod interface on electron emission. We have identified the peak optical field at which the electron emission mechanism transitions from a 3-photon absorption mechanism to strong-field tunneling emission. Moreover, we have investigated the effects of nanorod array density on nanorod charge yield, including measurement of space-charge effects.


Bachelor thesis named "Fruits and Vegetables Trading Risks" deals with questions mainly regarding operational risks occuring in food enterprise. The theoretical part is aimed at possible risks in whole string of logistics from buying to receipt, to storage, to final dispatch. Furthermore, specific functions of wholesale and retail are mentioned there. In the practical part you can find a description of organization, management system according to CSN EN ISO 9001:2009 standard and HACCP system of critical points including evaluation of risk analyses. Special attention is paid to PNH analysis and SWOT analysis which are basis to further identification and analysing of possible operational risks; from those are suggested recommendations and possible solutions to preventing, elimitating or removal of those risks. At the end they will be assessed benefits for the company itself.


This paper deals with the problems of stability analysis and control synthesis with $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ performance for the master-slave synchronization of Lur'e systems using a time-delay feedback control. The proposed approach consists in obtaining a new improved $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ robust stability criteria as well as a control law based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) via discretized Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional combined with an alternative strategy based on the introduction of slack variables to allow the decoupling of the system matrices from the Lyapunov matrices. Using the problem of synchronizing coupled Chua's circuits, two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


Abstract Drawing upon the theories of empathy‐altruism and planned behavior, this study investigated beliefs about the factors that motivate prosocial sentiments among people in the privileged class of Pakistan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 31 participants who were deemed to be members of the privileged class within the class system of Pakistan. The results revealed nine themes including social interaction, peer influence, role models, collectivism, vicarious emotions, religiosity, capability, volition, and education.


The speed at which World -Wide -Web (WWW) is growing round the clock spreds its arms from smaler collections of web pages to a massive hub of web information which gradually increases the complexity of crawling process.search engines handles enourmous quaries from different part of the univers to retrieve most of the relevant results in response to answer the user queries, and it is solely depends on knowledge that it gathers by means of crawling. To tackle this issue the Focused web crawlers are emerging. The crawler is kept focused to the user interests toward the topic, thus crawling processes should be optimum.to make optimum crawling one should use available optimization techniques. This paper proposes a web carawler using genetic algorithm. For selecting more truthfull and proper web pages by web crawler the genetic algorithm as optimization technique has been used. It uses similarity measures which is use to determine the relevancy of the web pages.The results showed that our approach displays with higher quality expected result than traditional focused crawling techniques.


(57) Abstract: support system for elongate lighting system is mounted on or installation surface is embedded in the installation surface (50) (50) (20) (1). The support system includes a U-shaped housing of elongate having opposed pair of arms (4, 5) and between the base portion (3). The housing has a groove of a pair of longitudinally extending aligned in parallel spaced between the intermediate base section (6, 7). Each of these grooves can be housed coated electrical conductors (22, 23). The housing has a supporting member to the outer end of the groove and between the grooves (8, 9, 10). Support member substantially coplanar. Each groove has a fully retractable depth electrical conductors. Preferred installation surface is a road or runway.


There is a massive amount of data on the Internet right now, but essentially little classification information. The main issue is figuring out how to incorporate knowledge into information mining algorithms. The authors examine information retrieval approaches and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Although most Web documents are text oriented, there are plenty of them that contain multimedia elements, which are not easily accessible through common search methods. Web information is dynamic, semi-structured, and interwound with hyperlinks. Several advanced methods for Web information mining are analysed: 1) syntax analysis, 2) metadata-based searching using RDF, 3) knowledge annotation by use of conceptual graphs (CGs), 4) KPS: Keyword, Pattern, Sample search techniques, and 5) techniques of obtaining descriptions by fuzzification and back-propagation. The problem of choosing proper keywords is


Higher essentials should be progresses about wireless communications in challenging environment. massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is a new existing technology for 5Gcellular networks. In massive MIMO systems large quantities of receiving signals are sent at each base station to serve multiusers giving higher information rate and lower latency. This paper optimizes both spectral efficiency and power of cell-free massive MIMO systems. To handle the model the ensemble method is developed on the harris hawk's optimization technique. The virtuousness of the ensembled method is checked by comparing with ensemble method of neighborhood field optimization (NFO) technique and all the three parameters of NFO. The results exhibit the advantage of proposed method for applying in massive MIMO systems.


A new series of benzocyclohepten-5-one thiosemicarbazones 2a,b obtained by condensation of benzocyclohepten-5-ones la,b with thiosemicarbazide, are treated with monochloroacetic acid, 3-bromopropionic acid, chloroacetyl chloride, 1,3-dichloroacetone, phenacyl bromide and acetic anhydride, respectively to yield nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocycles. The structures of all these compounds have been determined by analytical and spectral methods. A few of them exhibit promising antibacterial activity.


Objective To observe the relationship between nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus(SA) and nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery,and investigate the efficacy of perioperative decolonization of nasopharynx with Anerdian Ⅲ. Methods Nasal bacterial cultures were performed by rubbing swabs at admission.Patients with SA colonization were randomly divided into decolonization group and control group.Patients in decolonization group were treated with Anerdian Ⅲ in nares,and those in control group were not.Nasal swabs were obtained and examined again on the third day after operation in both groups.The occurrence of postoperative nosocomial infection in all patients was observed,the relationship between nasal SA colonization and postoperative nosocomial infection was analysed,and the bacterial clearance rates and prevalences of postoperative nosocomial infection were compared between groups. Results A total of 363 patients were enrolled,and there was 37 patients(10.2%) with postoperative nosocomial infection.SA colonization rate at admission was 9.4%,and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was detected in 12 patients(3.3%).The prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in patients with MRSA(41.7%) was significantly higher than those in patients with the other bacterial colonization(P0.05).The bacterial clearance rate in decolonization group was significantly higher than that in control group(77.8% vs 50%,P0.05).In patients with MSRA,the prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in decolonization group was lower than that in control group,while there was no statistical significance due to limited cases. Conclusion The prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in patients with nasal MRSA colonization may increase.Decolonization with Anerdian Ⅲ may decrease the prevalence of postoperative nosocomial infection in MRSA carrier.


Knowledge is largely cognitive and highly personal, while management involves organisational processes. Many knowledge workers do not like to be managed in the traditional sense. However, knowledge is increasingly recognized as a crucial organisational resource that gives market leverage. Its management is therefore too important to be left to chance. Knowledge Management has generated much interest in recent years and has become the latest management buzz in town. The purpose of Knowledge Management is to adapt business logic in response to environmental changes to sustain the ability of the business to value add. Now a day's Knowledge Management is very important to sustain business in competition hence knowledge of this technology is essential .This paper outlines the concept and types of knowledge. Why Knowledge Management is required, Motivations, roles and responsibilities of Knowledge Management, what are the tools essential for Knowledge Management. Finally implementation of Knowledge Management in Industry has significant opportunities to apply Knowledge Management practices to support every part of their mission.


Developing effective environmental policies involves diverse parties-at-interest in complex, long-term relationships. This paper addresses policies to mitigate risks to structures from earthquakes in the Southeastern United States. This problem is characterized by a lack of perceived risk, despite expert consensus that a substantial physical risk exists. We first present a general model of the environmental policy actions that might be taken. This model is then used to weigh a dozen alternative policy strategies that have been advocated in certain contexts. We conclude that a limited set of strategies offer promise for this "10% risk; 10% solution" situation.


In Tristes Tropiques, one of the most hauntingly beautiful and thoughtful works of anthropology ever written, Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that 'primitive' societies deal with their danger-carrying strangers with the help of a strategy different from (though not necessarily inferior to) the one which we practise and consider normal and 'civilized'. Theirs is the anthropophagic strategy: they eat up, devour and digest (biologically incorporate and assimilate) the strangers who carry powerful, mysterious forces - perhaps hoping to avail themselves in this way of those forces, absorb them, make them their own. Ours, on the contrary, is an anthropoemic strategy (from the Greek EU,ETV, to vomit). We throw the carriers of danger up - away from where orderly life is conducted, out of society's bounds, either in exile or in guarded enclaves where they can be safely incarcerated without hope of escaping.


Three Schiff base ligands L 1,L 2 and L 3 were synthesized by vanillin and 1,2-ethylenediamine,diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine.Three new corresponding Cu(Ⅱ) complexes derived from schiff base ligands and cupric acetate were synthesized by solid state reaction at room temperature.These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectra,TG/DTA analysis and spectrophotometry.The stability constant of the complexes were determined at 400nm wavelength.The stability constants are 1.24×10 4,0.93×10 4 and 0.71×10 4,respectively.The results indicate that three new complexes of the type 1∶1,1∶2 and 1∶2 have formed by Cu(Ⅱ) and ligands L 1,L 2,L 3,and the stability of the complexes decreases with the increase of alkyl.The antibacterial activity tests on E.Coil,B.Subtilis and S.Lutea of three ligands and three Cu(Ⅱ) complexes were carried out.The results indicate that all compounds can inhibit three kinds of bacteria and the three Cu(Ⅱ) complexes exhibited the higher biological activity being compared with three ligands.The antibacterial activity of three complexes increases with the increase of their stability.


Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme derived from neutrophils, metabolically activates a wide range of carcinogens, whereas glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1) detoxifies various electrophilic metabolites. A ‐463G→A polymorphism in the promoter region of the MPO gene diminishes the expression of MPO and has been consistently shown to be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer in different ethnic populations. In our study, we have assessed the role of this polymorphism in lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Genotypes of MPO and GSTM1 were determined by PCR‐SSCP and multiplex PCR in 314 patients with lung cancer and 320 frequency‐matched controls. The allele frequency for MPO ‐463A was found to be 0.155 in controls and 0.114 in cases. Subjects with the MPO ‐463GG genotype were at an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung compared to those having at least one ‐463A variant allele (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–3.94). Stratified analysis suggested an interaction between heavy smoking (≥26 pack‐years) and the MPO‐463GG genotype. The adjusted OR of lung SCC for those having MPO‐463GG genotype and smoked ≥26 pack‐years was 20.50 (95% CI 5.58–75.33) compared to 6.22 (95% CI 1.72–22.47) for those smoked ≥26 pack‐years but having at least one variant A allele (p = 0.023, test for homogeneity). This effect of the MPO polymorphism was not observed in lung adenocarcinoma. GSTM1 deletion was quite common in both controls (49.4%) and cases (50.3%) but was not associated with risk of lung cancer alone or in combination with the MPO polymorphism. Our results confirm the previous reports showing that the variant A allele of MPO has a protective effect against risk of lung cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


THIS thesis compares the nature of integration of the Irish communities in two towns in Scotland at the time of the highest level oflrish immigration to Great Britain. In order to distinguish between attributes of Irish settlement which may have been features of 'Irishness', and those which may simply have been features of those who were urban migrants, the situation of the Irish is compared with migrant Scots and non-migrants in each town. The statistical data used in the study comes from computerized samples of the 1851 census enumeration books for Dundee and Paisley, and a chapter of the thesis describes the methods of collection and analysis of Scottish census material. The first part of the thesis discusses current research in the field of migration and also the general picture of Irish immigration to Great Britain during the first half of the nineteenth century. It is argued that the dimensions of status and life cycle appear to be universal both through time and in different societies in heightening the propensity for certain individuals and groups to migrate. This approach implies the consideration of migration and settlement as a process which involves not only the places which migrants left, but also the cultural values which migrants brought with them and which may have influenced their choice of destination. Dundee and Paisley were chosen for study because of their high proportions of Irish-born in 1851, almost 19 per cent and II per cent respectively. The economic structure of both towns was dominated by textile industries and it is argued that the availability of textile employment for children and adolescents was a major factor in encouraging the settlement of Irish families. A substantial proportion of the first Irish settlers in each town were families at the point in their life cycle when they had adolescent and young adult children. The Scots migrants did not follow this pattern but were, more commonly, single people or couples with young children. During the 1840s, however, there was considerable divergence in economic growth between the two towns and this affected migration patterns. Dundee's linen and jute industry began to expand dramatically at this time. However,


Problems of nonlinear modeling, dynamic analysis and simulation of spatial motion by a spacecraft with a flexible weak damping structure, are considered. Attitude motion of a flexible spacecraft with pulse-width control, spin-up rotors of six single-gimbal control moment gyros (CMGs) at the initial, service and emergency modes, is studied. Results on analysis of the spacecraft nutation and flexible oscillations, are represented.


Mixed media on paper (30 " x 22 "). Cienfuegos was part of an exhibition entitled " Place of Mind, " a col-laborative show highlighting cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary dialogues between a French-American painter, John Bailly, and a Cuban-American poet, Richard Blanco. In their frequent conversations, they showed each other how to look at each other's work differently. The 4 painting on the cover represents a portrait of Blanco, whose family comes from the town of Cienfuegos, Cuba. As Bailly states: I then drew a portrait of Richard from life as he sat in my studio in Miami. I wrote his name, Blanco, in Braille. But this Braille is two-dimensional, intended to be a symbol of the difficulty in communicating. I then drew my favorite line of all his poems, " There should be nothing here I don't remember. " Richard later shared with me that when I included that line in the drawing, he had not yet realized its significance, just as I had not understood certain parts of my paintings until he shared his thoughts about them. He then wrote a poem using that line as its central theme. This type of conversation between us was, for me, the most wonderful part of our collaboration; we helped each other look at ourselves in a new manner. In the lexicon of Place as Text, the visual artist and the poet removed each other's blinders. During small group explorations at NCHC Institutes, participants are deliberately assigned diverse groups representing different backgrounds and fields of specialization. While investigating their assigned areas, participants not only strike up conversations with the people they meet but also with each other. Everyone notices different aspects of the same landscape, helping all of the participants realize that they indeed do have blinders in how they see the world. When these blinders are removed, individuals become better learners and have richer experiences, similar to what the two artists shared. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This monograph began as a proposal of the Honors Semesters Committee of the National Collegiate Honors Council (NCHC). I would like to thank all of the colleagues of that committee for their input into the original design of this work as well as the members of the NCHC Publications Board for their encouragement in bringing together the essays of this volume. In particular, I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to the Semesters Committee members who helped …


A simple noniterative line-thinning algorithm, which is suitable for nearly straight interferometric and moire fringes, is proposed. The algorithm was found to be fast and accurate. An error analysis is presented.


The paper gives the definition of Linguistic Imperialism—English; illustrates its development and international role; and reveals its phonetics, morphology and semantics in modern Chinese, and how to express in Chinese. Any living language is not afraid of foreign languages' invasion. Not a language is self-sufficient, it often borrows from other languages to enrich and develop itself.


Soft skills are essentials in human development. Al Quran itself is a source of knowledge for all, Muslims and non Muslims. Al Qur an speaks on various basic human skills. It also looks at all the elements of soft skills as identified by the MOHE as basic human skills employing various approaches and methods. Some of the skills are further clarified through the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad saw. This paper highlights the basic human skills and its importance. It is to prove that a practicing Muslim should possess all the good values as part of the religious requirement as well as professionalism requisite. As such , in particular, a graduate of any Muslim institutions in which the syllabuses have incorporated Islamic teaching should practice and portray the values in his life, seen by others, impactful to the community and system and thus become a high demand worker in any organization.


The objective of this work is to fabricate thin films of antimony sulfo-iodide (SbSI) semiconductor ferroelectric and to evaluate its properties. SbSI films (2-4 /spl mu/m thick) have been fabricated on Pt/Ta/SiO/sub 2//Si structures by physical vapor transport in evacuated sealed ampoules. The preferred orientation of these films was (311) as indicated by powder XRD patterns and the films were close to stoichiometric as revealed by EDS analysis. SEM micrograph reveals random orientation of needle like crystallites throughout the surface of the film. A maximum dielectric constant of 500 was measured at a Curie temperature of 21/spl deg/C.


—Ambulance diversion in overcrowded hospitals and Emergency Departments (EDs) can have negative consequences on patients' health and safety. Saudi Arabia is thriving to enhance its healthcare sector through an ongoing digitization transition as part of Vision 2030. However, existing infrastructure is still ill-equipped to integrate the distributed siloed systems involved in hospital bed and Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) ecosystem leading to delayed decisions and poor outcomes based on incomplete and inaccurate information. This article addresses this problem by proposing, mEmergency, a smart proactive mobile healthcare solution that connects EMS ambulances with EDs in Riyadh trauma centers to facilitate making real-time informed decisions in a timely fashion to save lives. First, mEmergency predicts inpatient bed capacity using Fusion Algorithm and prioritizes the nearest and most equipped ED for the patient's condition to paramedics using a mHealth application. Second, it uses Dijkstra's Algorithm to route the ambulance path taken to the right ED, while the patient's vital signs are being recorded into the solution along with physical assessment. Finally, mEmergency disseminates the paramedic's assessment information to the ED prior to arrival to optimize time and resources for continuous readiness. mEmergency is an effective solution that should optimize EMS resources, reduce ED crowding, and increase the quality of urgent care services to help stakeholders regain trust in Saudi urgent care service delivery.


Recent studies using convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been conducted in the field of super resolution. These studies include Super-Resolution Convolution Neural Networks (SRCNN) and Very Deep Convolution Neural Networks Super-Resolution (VDSR). SRCNN and VDSR are known to be heavy in terms of parameter size and the inference speed is low to be applied in real-time. In order to overcome these issues, we apply filter pruning to optimize the network. Experimental results show that when the network is 71% pruned, the parameter size was reduced to 71%, the inference speed is enhanced by about 60%, and the inference quality is maintained at 94% compared to the original VDSR network.


We prove the precise inversion of adjunction formula for quotient singularities. As an application, we prove the semi-continuity of minimal log discrepancies for hyperquotient singularities. This paper is a continuation of [NS], and we generalize the previous results to non-linear group actions.


Biometric identification has gained a large popularity in recent years. Biometric identification of a person is giving more accurate results comparing to other security methods. In this paper we have proposed a method to recognize a person by the way he walks. This paper mainly focuses on moving subject (human) identification using Gaussian filter, background reduction, joint point plotting and feature mapping, vectorization. We have utilized the CASIA dataset. We have implemented an algorithm which is a mapping method where the generated silhouettes are mapped with point and eclipse on joints and other body parts. We have used Relevance vector machine which is a machine learning technique which use Bayesian interface to produce results for classification. With RVM we have classified and identified the person using feature extracted from given algorithm.


Sergiovanni put forward the moral leadership theory in the perspective of moral values and emotion,in which the moral leadership is the key to reach school improvement.The leadership of the brain created by the heart of the leadership can drive the hand of the leadership.Reflections on the decisions and actions will confirm or reshape the heart of leadership and leadership of the brain.This theory stresses the leadership vision and values guide,which means the subordinates can be shaped into the believers through self-management capability training for them,and a leadership substitute should be created to strengthen school construction.The inspiration from Sergiovanni's theory is that moral leadership is an effective way for school principals to lead teachers from a capacity school to a excellence school,and is a new motive power to drive a school governed by law into a school governed by morality.


Adding 30% thermo-melting fiber in common ployester fiber,making second stabilized treatment by needle-punched two times,molding stabilized treatment and and air-through bonding process,and combining with raw needle-punched felt,fiber web inner instructure change after being reinforeced for two times and its influence to material acoustical absorbent and mechenism capability are compared and analysed. The result indicated that strength and size stability of composite needle-punched acoustical-absorbent materials may be improved effectively after it was heat treated second times for reinforcement.


Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) which provides a comprehensive picture of the economic conditions of a region is indicator for analyzing economic region development. Another indicator that is no less important is inflation as an indicator to see the level of changes in price increases due to an increase in the money supply that causes rising prices. The success of development must also look at the income inequality of its population which is illustrated by this ratio. One of the main regional development goals is to improve the welfare of its people, where to see the level of community welfare, among others, can be seen from the level of unemployment in an area. To that end, in order to get an overview of the effects of GRDP, inflation and the ratio of gini to unemployment in DKI Jakarta for the last ten years (2007-2016), an analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression methods. As a result, together the relationship between GRDP, inflation and the Gini ratio is categorized as "very strong" with a score of 0.936, and has a significant influence on unemployment. Partially, the GRDP gives a significant influence, but inflation and gini ratio do not have a significant influence. GDP, inflation and the Gini ratio together for the last ten years have contributed 81.4% to unemployment in DKI Jakarta, while the remaining 18.6% is influenced by other variables not included in this research model, so for reduce unemployment in DKI Jakarta, programs that are oriented to economic growth, suppressing inflation and decreasing this ratio need to be carried out simultaneously. Keywords: GRDP, inflation, unemployment, DKI Jakarta, GINI ratio


We present a case of incomplete torsion of the gallbladder in a 72-year-old woman which was preoperativery diagnosed with US, CT, and ERCP. The patient admitted to the hospital complaining of right upper abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. Cholecystitis was suspected and conservative treatments led to alleviation on the 5th hospital day. However, US and CT revealed the enlarged gallbuladder and locating at the mid-area of upper adbdmen. The wall was thikend at the neck of gall bladder and it looked like a tumor, especially in contrast-enhanced CT. The gallbladder could not be seen on ERCP, and peak-shaped cystic duct was observed in the common bile duct side. It suggested that the malrotaion and obstruction of cystic duct caused torsion of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed and we confirmed the values of US, CT, and ERCP for torsion of the gallbladder.


The subject of this thesis is the metaphors and similes in Flaubert's novel, Madame Bovary. The first part presents a grammatical typology and an inventory of the different modes of presentation of the images. Then, we analyze the various levels of appropriateness and deviations on which the images are based. Next, we consider the question of the origin of the images (coming from Flaubert or his characters) and the special treatment reserved by Flaubert to the cliche. The next section classifies the different registers brought together in the images and investigates the direction towards which the transpositions move. The second-to-last part is devoted to the large thematic networks and to Flaubert's "personal myth" which is based on three elements: the plasticity of the world, the symbolism of space, and the theme of emanation, the latter being the keystone of the universe of the novel. The last part analyses the images in their individual contexts and reveals some significant correlations between those images.


Objective: To study the clinical significance of rectal infusion of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus high dose fluorouracil emulsion in treating rectal carcinoma. Methods: 86 patients of rectal carcinoma were randomly divided into CHM plus chemotherapy group and single chemotherapy group, and the


Purpose – This study aims to examine the influence of a visual alteration in print advertising on viewers' responses according to the different textual and pictorial information contained in the ad. Design/methodology/approach – Through an experimental design, the presence or not of a human face and the kind of verbal claims (self-centered vs product-centered) were manipulated, as well as visual fluency manipulated by varying the clarity of the ads. Findings – As expected, the presence of a human face, as opposed to just a product picture, has led to stronger negative effects on attitudes and purchase intention when the ad was visually altered. In addition, ad's claim directed toward the self yielded lower purchase intentions compared to arguments directed toward product characteristics. Findings supported our main expectations, but also demonstrated contrasted effect, plausibly due to a bias correction. Research limitations/implications – To comfort these findings, further research should be realized on ...


The object of this paper is to develop a method by which trade-union power can be measured and by which the factors that influence the trade-union power can be identified. In the paper, two models of unions are compared--the insider-dominated union and the open union model. In both models, the outcome for wages and unemployment is determined by the asymmetric Nash solution. The method is applied to aggregate Australian data. The results suggest that union power is negatively related to the rate of unemployment, and positively related to union density, and that the accord tended to reduce union power. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd


The effect of ion beam irradiation on nucleation and growth of three-dimensional (3D) Ge islands on Si (100) substrate was investigated. It was found that pulsed ion-beam action during heteroepitaxy leads to the increase of 3D islands density, decrease of their size and improvement of the size uniformity. To reveal the mechanisms of observed effects Monte Carlo simulation was made. It was shown that the density of 3D islands and their size distribution depend on the ion penetration depth and moment of ion-beam action on the growing surface during Ge/Si heteroepitaxy.


Strength of this model is that it's a time-tested way by which a senior passes down his/ her clinical skills to the young generation of clinicians. The leading surgical/dental institutions of the world such as Royal Surgical Colleges in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and Australia have been offering clinical training under their aegis adhering to this model. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan too follows the footstep of the aforementioned prestigious institutions. The CPSP offers residency fellowship to the aspiring young dentists in five specialties of dentistry. The trainee has the privilege to receive a stipend for rendering his/ her services to the work institution as an employee. Another noteworthy strength of FCPS pathway of specialization is the impartial and neutral system comprising of series of assessments offered by the CPSP. There is a pool of examiners in each discipline who assess the basic competency of the trainees at entrance, intermediate and exit level examinations, thus eliminating any bias in favor or against the candidate. Lastly, the supervisor: trainee ratio is fixed by the regulating body (CPSP) at 1:8, thus an adequate supervision and training standards are ensured.


Because an epilepsy occurring at a time interval after a cranio-cerebral trauma can be considered post-traumatic epilepsy, so in a causal relationship with the trauma, it must meet some conditions. Epilepsy is a chronic cerebral disorder manifested by recurrent, spontaneous epileptic seizures; with a sudden episode, a stereotype of motor, sensitive, sensory, behavioural manifestation, and / or alteration of the state of consciousness due to sudden, unprovoked activation of a neuronal population. To support the diagnosis of the first epileptic seizure, additional information is required from the anamnesis, the general and neurological clinical examination of the patient. The diagnostic approach continues, under the direct supervision of the neurologist, by identifying the aetiology of epilepsy. The study includes 27 epilepsy cases studied in 2014-2018. The most common type of epileptic seizure is the tonic-clonic one that affects the entire brain, and this is also the most visible form of epilepsy that manifests itself in the form of a generalized crisis, identified by involuntary convulsions that lead to partial or total loss of consciousness during the crisis. Epilepsy is caused by an explosion of intense electrical activity that suddenly occurs in the brain, and the resulting convulsions can occur in several forms depending on the area where this intense brain activity occurs.


Voice is a very important way in human-communication.Excellent human-machine interface becomes a key point in electronic system.A practical and good human-machine interface circuit is designed for voice or other audio signals in this paper.Besides,this circuit can be applied in different voice intelligent control system.


In 2013 the Forest Service National Avalanche Center created guidelines designed to reduce worker risk at Forest Service (FS) backcountry avalanche forecasting operations. These guidelines establish context for field operations, define worker safety philosophy and responsibility, and suggest specific risk management practices. At the conclusion of the 2015-2016 season, we conducted a survey to examine current safety practices and how operations integrated the 2013 guidelines into their safety programs. The survey results illustrate field practices and safety management at FS avalanche centers, and provide insight into how these avalanche centers might further improve workplace safety.


Abstract : It is proposed that electromagnetic radiation of a specified frequency can be produced as a result of stimulated Cerenkov radiation in a dielectric resonator excited by a superluminal electron beam. The frequency generated is a function of three physical parameters. They are the electron energy, the thickness of the dielectric resonator and its index of refraction. This work provides a theoretical derivation for predicting the frequency of stimulated Cerenkov radiation in a dielectric slab. The first experimental results using extremely relativistic electrons are reported, and the problems encountered are outlined with some suggestions from improvements. The results of this validation show that the observed frequency differs from the predicted frequency by less than 1.5%. Incidental to the conduct of this experiment, ordinary Cerenkov radiation in the usual cone was observed in air at microwave frequencies. A possible application of the stimulated Cerenkov process as an electron beam monitor is briefly discussed. (Author)


In this paper, we consider the Grunwald Interpolation on simplex and complex, and their estimation of error of approximation is given.


To obtain an effective , durable and economical cathode ac tI ve material for use 1n reserve batteries , polarization characteristics of various salts slightly soluble in sea water the (Cl- S: 17 g/l) at 2(} oC. were measured , and those of CuS s eemed to be excellent ・ However , CuS samples prepared by different methods exhibited unexpected and considerable differences. To dis cover the reason for this phenomenon , liability to oxidation , DTA and X-ray diffraction studie s were made. CuS precipitated with N a ;z S and dried in air showed 出 ehighest potenti al , and contained considerable amounts of CuS0 4 ・ 5H 2 0. Unoxidized Cu. revealed a lower potentia 1. Liability to oxidation ' of Cu. prepared. with H 2 S or Na 2 S 2 U 3 was 1n1-tially inhibited by slightly adsorb さ dprecipitants.


Review(s) of: Persons of Interest: The ASIO Files, directed by Haydn Keenan, produced by Gai Steele (Sydney: Smart Street Films, 2013). 4 part documentary commissioned by SBS.


We report on the design and application of a high-resolution microwave eddy current probe that consists of a microfabricated coil with inner and outer widths of 6 and 20 μm, respectively, integrated with a coplanar waveguide. In addition to improved spatial resolution, we implement a stub-matching technique, which enables us to make high-sensitivity measurements. We demonstrate the utility of our device by measuring the minority-carrier lifetime in a thin In0.53Ga0.47As film. Although our present demonstration does not allow us to reuse the sample, with minor changes this technique can be made noncontact and nondestructive.


LedbyVehicle Projects LLC,an international industry government consortium isdeveloping a 109-tonne, 1.2-MW fuelcell-powered road-switcher locomotive forcommercial and military railway applications. Aspartofthefeasibility and conceptual-design analysis, we haveanalyzed thepotential benefits ofahybrid powerplant inwhich fuelcells comprise the primemoveranda battery orflywheel comprises the rechargeable auxiliary powerdevice. Potential benefits ofa hybrid powerplant are(1)enhancement oftransient powerand hence tractive effort, (2)regenerative braking, and(3)reduction ofcapital orrecurring costs. Generally, tractive effort ofalocomotive atlowspeed islimited bywheeladhesion andnotbyavailable power. Enhanced transient poweristherefore unlikely tobenefit a switcher locomotive butcould benefit applications, such assubway trains with all axles powered, requiring high acceleration. Inmostcases, thebenefits ofregenerative braking in locomotives arelimited. Forlow-speed applications suchas switchers, boththeavailable kinetic energyandthe effectiveness ofDC traction motors asgenerators arelow. For high-speed heavy applications suchasfreight, theability ofthe auxiliary powerdevice toabsorb asignificant portion ofthe available kinetic energyislow.Moreover, thehybrid powerplant suffers adouble efficiency penalty: losses occur in bothabsorbing andthenreleasing energy fromtheauxiliary device, result inanetstorage efficiency ofnomorethan 50% forcurrent battery technology. Wherethedutycycle peak powerdemandrequires that asignificant portion oftheprime moverenergy iscycled into auxiliary powerdevice then anet increase infuel consumption canresult. Capital costinsomeapplications maybereduced. Basedon recorded locomotive dutycycles andacostmodelutilized in this project, hybridity canreduce fuelcell capital cost. However, because ofthedouble efficiency penalty andincreased powerplant complexity, we predict itwillincrease recurring costs suchasfuel andmaintenance. Inparticular, thechoice of theoptimum capital costsolution wouldincrease thefuel consumption byasmuchas20-40%.Moreover, forusual rail duty cycles, theweight andvolume ofthecombined powerplant wouldbesignificantly increased.


Stock investment has the same commercial nature as industrial investment; it is a positive behavior which can benefit country,the stock market,enterprises and individuals. In contrast,stock speculation is a price game; it is a negative behavior without the ethical justice on the whole. The ethical heterogeneity between the stock speculation and investment manifest in four aspects: ideas,behaviors,revenue sources and social influence. To reduce the negative impact of stock speculation and to achieve the healthy development of the stock market,we must strengthen investor education,advocate stock investment,prevent excessive speculation in stocks,oppose to stock speculation,combat illegal stock speculation and strive to create a good stock investment environment.


HPLC analysis of triacylglycerols and minor components, such as free and acylated sterols, and sterylglycosides, tocopherols and isoprenoid alcohols, have been employed for establishing oil authenticity. GLC analysis of the whole sterols as their TMS - derivatives has been also conducted. Genuine oils, namely, rapeseed, sunflower and corn oil as well as corn oil admixtures with the two oils were analyzed. Triacylglycerols and tocopherols were directly determined in the oils whereas the four sterol in lipids (free and acylated sterols and sterylglycosides) and isoprenoid alcohols were isolated and derivatized into their anthroyi nitrile derivatives. It was concluded that the analysis of minor components in combination with triacylglycerols is more advantageous for authentication of corn oil. However, isoprenoid alcohols are more decisive in this respect. Natural variability of the components in the oils from different origins can modify the detection limits.


The article put out a series of measures of investment control by analyzing the features of reconstruction and extension projects.


The compound obtained by treating bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)copper(II) chloride with potassium thiosulphate is shown to be a bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)trithionatocopper(II) complex; this is, to our knowledge, the only X-ray crystal structure of a trithionate complex to be determined.


Nanocrystalline (FeNi)-Zr-Nb-N thin films consisting of a mixture of bcc and fcc phases and a small amount of amorphous phase were deposited in argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere, in a sputtering system at room temperature. Some results concerning the effects of composition and thermal treatments on the structural, electrical and soft magnetic properties of (FeNi)-Zr-Nb-N thin films, in view of their utilization for manufacturing magnetic microdevices, which operate at high frequencies, are presented. Among the compositions of investigated thin films, (Fe 8 5 Ni 1 5 ) 8 2 Zr 2 Nb 4 N 1 2 samples exhibit excellent electrical and soft magnetic properties: good electrical resistivity p ≅ 125 μΩcm, high saturation magnetization 4πM s ≅ 19 kGs, low coercivity H c ≅ 2 Oe and near zero -magnetostriction. The good magnetic properties were due to the decrease of FeNi grain size by mixed effect of the intergranular amorphous phase as well as Zr and Nb - based precipitates.


The export-led growth of India's information technology (IT) industry has been nothing short of 9 phenomenal over the past half-dozen years. Other studies have provided a number of explanations for 10 the growth. This paper proposes that a significant factor has been overlooked or understated in prior 11 explanations. Specifically, the Indian IT industry has utilized U.S. immigration regulations for 12 competitive advantage to accelerate its growth. The importance of this factor is estimated through 13 quantitative data analysis at the macro and firm levels. The analysis helps to explain why India's IT 14 industry grew while that of other developing countries, with similar human capital resources and wage 15 rates, did not. The U.S. Congress is currently debating U.S. immigration policies and may change them 16


A shredded state at the edge rid unwanted edge of remains, and a region of varying stretch power substantially perpendicular direction to the knitting direction, has a piece of knitted ground simultaneously, switching the line of the telescopic power the piece made of elastic warp knitted fabric is straight, the body shape compensation function at least one edge of at least a portion garment top or bottom using the dough made from the edge dispose unnecessary edges constituting the garment a garment having a direction of switching lines of the stretch power of the piece, and the direction of at least one edge of the line out of the lines of said edge rid unwanted edge of the garment is non-parallel to each other using pieces, to provide a garment having a body shape compensation function that can be designed in a direction depending on their needs.


A synthetic test circuit has been developed to test high-voltage circuit-breakers with respect to their making and auto-reclosing performance at full voltage and full current. The validity of making tests performed at full parameters or at reduced voltahage is checked. The test circuit is applied upon a 420 kV SF6 puffer type circuit-breaker with two breaks per phase. Testing this circuit-breaker can be considered of special interest; particular attention has to be paid to its pre-arcing conditions as due to its high no minal voltage per break.


REPORTS OF A fabulous Silver Mountain and a White King somewhere in the interior of the continent fascinated and attracted the conquistadores of southern South America. After years of hardships, intrigues, and delays, the weary followers of Domingo Martinez de Irala finally reached Upper Peru, only to learn that three years earlier-in 1545-Spaniards from the north had discovered the mountain of Potosi. With dreams of wealth shattered, the disheartened conquistadores of the south returned to their home base of Asuncion to take up the more prosaic task of agriculture and to cope with the problem of Paraguay's isolation. As they reoccupied the southern Plata, the settlers of Paraguay once more dreamed of acquiring the wealth of the interior. They refounded Buenos Aires in 1580, and shortly thereafter an extensive contraband traffic developed at the "back door" to Peru. Paraguayans soon learned, however, that Potosi's treasures had again escaped them. Unable to control the illegal trade at the port, these frustrated colonists became bitter and hostile toward outsiders who usurped the traffic and took unfair advantage of them. This study will analyze the anti-contrabaild sentiments of Platine cattlemen in three periods of the seveinteenth ceiltury in order to account for Spailn's strenlgth in that area and the fierce resistance of her colonials to Portuguese aspirations in the Rlo de la Plata.


jab, known as the food basket of India, ironically, suffers the prevalence of 'malnutrition'. This, especially among rural women, is primarily due to lack of nutritional awareness and education. With this premise, a Basic Nutrition Curriculum Development intervention was conducted with rural women in Punjab. Methodology The nutrition intervention involved 35 trainees pursuing beauty care and stitching training at a charitable trust (MBCT). A 10 sessions' curriculum @2.5 hours each was delivered on a weekly basis and documented using pre and post sessions' questionnaires (Knowledge, Attitude, Practices methodology). A Review was undertaken after three months of the completion of the intervention. Participatory activitybased pedagogy using audio-visual aids and live demonstrations were used. Select ingredients were also given to the trainees. Results Significant post-attendance changes were observed in the trainees. They had gained awareness about basic food groups, the balanced food platter etc. Notable changes in their daily eating habits – eating at the right time, appropriate water consumption, including different food sources in diet were observed. The intervention also made the respondents rethink their assumptions based on customary beliefs and practices. Mindfulness of cooking practices and use of appropriate quantity of cooking oil was observed. Importantly, awareness about causes and symptoms of nutrition related deficiencies and appropriate foods to overcome them was also noted. The trainees also gained confidence to discuss their health problems with family. Knowledge sharing with peer group and family members was also observed as trainees used the recipe book containing dishes prepared during the training. Way forward The aim is to advocate the Basic Nutrition Curriculum's adoption gender-neutrally as a compulsory component in all Skill Development Programmes run by government, non-government (NGOs) and private institutions under the Punjab Skill Development Mission.


Conference report. Workshop jointly organized by the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), in collaboration with the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), Native Canadian Centre of Toronto, March 1, 2019.


The dynamics of highly dilute vortex ensembles in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 - thin films is investigated by low-field (5-90 Oe) ac susceptibility measurements of the dynamical relaxation rate Q. In a film with relatively weak pinning,flux bundling is found to be effective at all temperatures and down to the lowest fields. In a film with stronger pinning, single-vortex creep dominates only for T 40 K. The behavior of highly separated vortices is hence surprisingly collective in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 - Φ . Quantum creep is observed below 11 K, and at about 60 K the elastic vortex description breaks down as the importance of plastic creep gradually increases.


OBJECTIVE
To review the recent research and clinical progress of artificial osteoconductive materials.

METHODS
Recent and related literatures were extensively and comprehensively reviewed.

RESULTS
Many achievements about the clinical application of the artificial osteoconductive materials were made. It had become one of the hotspots of bone tissue engineering research. Some were clinically applied and good clinical results were achieved.

CONCLUSION
As it provides new clinic method for treating bone defect, artificial osteoconductive material is of great potential in its application. To improve its microstructure, macro-shape, mechanism of osteoinductive ability, and to accelerate new bone formation will be the hotspots of the research on artificial osteoconductive material.


Digitalization of the country's economy should currently be considered as an integral prerequisite for its development, the activation of which is necessary at all levels, from the state to the level of an individual citizen. In the agricultural sector, the introduction of digital tools and technologies is necessary in view of their significant potential in the context of increasing the productivity of resources and increasing the level of competitiveness of products, manufacturers, industries, and the state as a whole. The livestock industry in Ukraine is experiencing a severe lack of electronic digital services. The purpose of the article is to justify the importance of using digitization for the innovative development of the livestock industry. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used in the research process: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, data analysis, economic-statistical, graphic, correlation-regression, cartographic and abstract -logical. The main tools of digitization of the process of resource provision of producers of livestock products were summarized. Systematized priority types of information technologies within the framework of digitalization of business processes of producers of livestock products depending on the field of application, the main of which are information systems for determining actual and potential resource needs, selection of potential suppliers and organization of purchase and sale operations (field of resource provision); technologies for monitoring the state of farm animals, optimizing the diet and veterinary measures, forecasting the state of the animal, disease outbreaks, livestock productivity (production); online platforms for selling livestock products, electronic document management services, etc. (sales of products). The directions of using geo-information systems and technologies in order to ensure the development of the animal husbandry industry, which involve taking into account the information needs of potential users (in particular, producers of livestock products, investors and/or creditors, executive authorities, consumers) and providing them with accurate, unbiased, operational data, are substantiated. necessary for making management decisions. Therefore, digitalization should be considered as one of the promising tools for intensifying the development of animal husbandry and increasing the efficiency of production and sale of animal products. The practical value of the work lies in the development of the systematization of priority types of information technologies within the framework of digitalization of business processes for the production of livestock products.


cooperation by promising to portray him positively. "This agreement—although contrary to responsible documentary filmmaking—is immediately apparent from the film's unabashed pro-Chávez stance" (p. 337). Nelson interviewed spokespersons from two organizations that have attempted to assist the victims of the events of April 11: the government-funded ASOVIC (Asociación Nacional de Víctimas del Golpe de Estado 11, 12, 13, 14 de Abril) and the independent organization VIVE (Víctimas Venezolanas de la Violencia Política). The author accepts the integrity of VIVE spokespersons without question, but writes that those associated with ASOVIC had a conflict of interest in talking about the events because they held government jobs.


ABSTRACT A Tn5 insertion in tolC eliminated microcin J25 production. The mutation had little effect on the expression of the microcin structural gene and presumably acted by blocking microcin secretion. The tolC mutants carrying multiple copies of the microcin genes were less immune to the microcin. TolC is thus likely a component of a microcin export complex containing the McjD immunity protein, an ABC exporter.


Prologue: In some quarters there always has been the notion that once countries eliminated a backlog of neglect and improved their health standards, the demand for health care services would stabilize. Lord Beveridge, the driving force behind Britain's National Health Service, thought this thirty years ago when his vision became a reality. And the framers of Medicare were generally of this view when they designed that program. But as David Mechanic points out, the notion, that successful medical care will reduce demand is illusory and contrary to experience. Mechanic, university professor and dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, has been pointing out the shortcomings of the conventional wisdom with incisive rigor for more than a decade. At the Duke University Medical Center Private Sector Conference this year, Mechanic declared: "The issue is how do we reconcile the competing claims for limited dollars" when the economic incentives favor rendering the most sophisticated care. "Bas...