The present invention relates to a negative active material for a lithium cell and a production method and a lithium secondary battery using the same. Negative electrode active material for a lithium cell of the present invention is characterized in that the negative electrode active material surface is coated with a fluorine compound. In accordance with the present invention, to stabilize the surface of the negative electrode active material is the leading cause of irreversible capacity to be an excellent cycle characteristic during charging and discharging reduces the influence of the acid electrolyte is oxidized generated during reduction at the same time discharge the effect of the organic electrolyte decomposition reaction, and there is an advantage that can represent the high-rate characteristics. Negative electrode active material, a fluorine compound, a negative electrode, a lithium secondary battery, charge-discharge efficiency


When End-Of-Range defects are located close or within doping profiles they render the diffusion "anomalous" by enhancing or reducing the dopant diffusivity. Upon annealing, the dislocation loops grow in size and reduce their density through the emission and capture of Si interstitial atoms by a coarsening process called Ostwald Ripening. In this paper, we report on how, by coupling the Ostwald Ripening theory to TEM observations or the time evolution of the loops upon annealing, quantitative information allowing the enhanced diffusivity to be understood can be extracted.


In this paper we consider co-operative innovation is the best way to complete technology innovation of enterprise and analysis the study process of minor enterprise co-operation innovation.We design a control system model of co-operative innovation base on negative feedback,analysis the effect of gradual innovation and emergent innovation.At last,we give explain about some question of process of minor enterprise co-operative innovation.


The contents of hemicellulose,cellulose,acid detergent lignin and coarse cellulose in 31 tobacco samples were determined by Fibertec2010 using quartz sand as filter aid.The results showed that: 1) The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of hemicellulose,cellulose,acid detergent lignin and coarse cellulose contents in tobacco,which were simultaneously detected by 6 analytical columns of Fibertec2010,were 2.82%,1.71%,4.79%,and 1.77%,respectively,and those of 4 repetitive determinations by one column were 1.61%,1.06%,3.72%,and 1.80%.2) For the samples of same cultivar,there were no obvious differences of hemicellulose,cellulose,acid detergent lignin and coarse cellulose contents between different stalk positions.3) The contents of cellulose and coarse cellulose in burley tobacco and reconstituted tobacco were significantly higher than that in flue-cured tobacco.4) The hemicellulose content in high grade cigarettes was higher than that in low grade cigarettes,while the contents of cellulose,acid detergent lignin and coarse cellulose were on the contrary.


(57) a first device of the Abstract for applying a suture capable of closing the wound (10), the first for securing a wound closed and fixed onto the suture sleeve member (140) a second device (100), a system is provided for closing the patient's wound with sutures. The first device (10) includes a housing (12), a shaft first end a shaft (14) having a first end and a second end connected to the housing (12) (14) When, the extending in the shaft (14) tissue engaging portion connected to the second end of (16), the housing (12) from the tissue engaging section through the shaft (14) (16) 1 and a second needle and (20, 21), the. Tissue engaging section (16) is directed through the wound has first and second gap, each gap has opposing surfaces, may receive different sides of the wound therein. The second device (100), the sleeve member (140) proximal to the wound and fixed on the two ends of suture material (156), then the suture material exiting the sleeve member (140) (156) to cut.


National Catholic Educational Association Theme: Spiritual Direction From the Desk of the Executive Director Msgr. Jeremiah McCarthy The Rector's Conference A Column by Rev. Denis Robinson, OSB Spiritual Direction in a Seminary Dr. Anthony Lilles, STD Spiritual Direction in Catholic Seminaries: Grace and Challenge Rev. Louis J. Cameli Spiritual Direction and the Art of Active Listening Rev. Dennis J Billy, C.Ss.R. Spiritual Direction as Faith Seeking Understanding Rev. Dennis J. Billy, C.Ss.R. We Have Seen and Heard: Astute Use of Formation Advising Rev. Kenneth Davis, OFM Conv. Seminary Formation: Assembly Line or Artisan's Workshop? Rev. Michael Muhr Emmaus Groups in Seminary Formation: An Experience of Fraternity and Faith Sharing Rev. Michael Muhr Falling in Love and Staying in Love: The Gift and Labor of Prayer in the Priesthood Deacon James Keating The Need to Teach About the Authority-Obedience Relationship Cynthia Toolin, Ph.D. Breathing with Two Lungs: (Re) Discovering the Eastern Churches Rev. George Gallaro Catholic Ministry Formation Enrollment: Statistical Overview 2012-2013 Mary Gautier, Ph.D.


Purpose To study the image diagnosis and distingwish diagnosis of bronchiectasis with mucous plugs. Methods 32 cases were given standard posteroanterior high voltage radiographs and general CT.Among them HRCT scans were taken in cases.Lobers or segrnental lober's were cut off in 15 cases. Results Radiographs showed bronchiectasis in 15 cases,other 17 cases only had resembing and amplitude branchial of free.Bronchial mucous plugs presented as small clubs or divarication and nodus on CT.A proment feature of bronchial mucoid plus was that its axis pointed to hilium.Either on plain or on CT. Conclusion CT is the best method for finding bronchial mucous plugs. [


Climate anomaly and atmospheric circulation features were analyzed over China in August 2011. Causation of drought in Southwest China(SWC) and less tropical cyclone(TC) activities over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea(SCS) were studied in this paper.Results showed that anomalous atmospheric circulation including positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly,the stronger West Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),weak summer monsoon,weak vapor transportation was the main reason for the SWC drought.Moreover,the SWC drought might be caused by the lag impact of 2010/2011 central Pacific La Nina event and warm mode of the Indian Ocean.In addition,less TC activities were due to the combined impacts of multi-factors including weak convection over the SCS,abnormally northward monsoon trough east of Philippines,large vertical shear anomalies and the stronger WPSH.


A number of chemically distinct auxiolytics were examined for effects on defensive behavior (footshock-induced freezing) in rats. Central nervous system acting drugs which are not anxiolytics were also studied. Animals were injected with a drug or vehicle (IP) prior to being placed in a chamber with a grid floor through which two footshocks were delivered. Behavior was observed during the pre-shock period (2 min) and for 4 min after the second footshock. The effects of the following drugs on the duration of footshock-induced freezing were studied: diazepam (DZP); 2-amino-4,5-(1,2cyclohexyl)-7 phosphonoheptonic acid (NPC 12626); 3-(( + / )-2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) ; [(+)-5-methyl-10-11,dihydroxy-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801); buspirone hydrochloride (BUS); DL-amphetamine sulfate (AMP); haloperidol (HAL); ethyl-[~-carboline-3 carboxylate (~-CCE). Compounds which reduced the duration of footshock-induced freezing included DZP, BUS, and the competitive NMDA antagonists NPC 12626 and CPP. The non-competitive NMDA antagonist, MK-801, had no effect on the response. The highest dose of amphetamine tested also reduced footshock-induced freezing. However, amphetamine-treated animals did not locomote or rear after footshock, suggesting fear of the environment. Animals injected with DZP, NPC 12626, CPP or buspirone spent at least 1.4 of the 4 post shock minutes locomoting. Haloperidol had no effect on freezing at the doses tested. ~-CCE tended to increase the duration of footshock-induced freezing. With the exception of buspirone, none of the compounds which reduced freezing were analgesic in a hot plate test, suggesting that analgesia was not the cause of reduced freezing. Footshock-induced freezing is a simple test which may be useful for detecting the anxiolytic potential of drugs from a number of different classes.


The aim is to assess selected determinants which influence the conversion of the Czech farmers from conventional to organic or biodynamic agriculture. We assess farm's efficiency (calculated by SFA), whether farm obtains AEM or LFA payments, if the farmer is "young†and the holding is a micro firm, and region. A random effects logistic regression model was estimated on the panel of Czech farms in 2005–2012. The results showed that efficiency of the farm is not a significant driver of conversion. On the other hand, the odds that the farm will change land management are significantly higher if it obtains subsidies. Also when the farm has 40 years, the odds that it will switch are higher. If the farm is located OlomouckyI region or VysocIŒina the odds for conversion are lower. The research is financed from IGA the grant No. 11110/1312/3160 of FEM, CULS.


The present invention provides a preformed insulating layer having a flat web of metal foil having a plurality of spaced generally X-shaped protuberances deformed from the web. Each protuberance has a length dimension, a width dimension, and a height dimension, the length dimension and the width dimension define a ratio of from 1:1 to 4:1. A uniform gap is left around each protuberance and is from about 1/8'' to about 1/2 ''.


The author documents and studies the genesis and development of the constructive process of the high altarpiece of the church of the Hospital of Mercy of Seville, a work by the master assembler Bernardo Simon de Pineda between 1668 and 1670, as well as the true role played by the painter Juan de Valdes Leal in the initial moments of its design and contracting. Likewise analysed are the channels and mechanisms used for financing such an altarpiece, and its subsequent gilding and polychromy by Miguel Delgado Moreno and Domingo Martinez in 1723-1724.


Cephradine is a β-actam antibiotic widely used for treating certain bacterial infections in beef and dairy cattle. Therefore,it was necessary to develop a highly sensitive and selective method to analyze cephradine. In this article,a new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of cephradine in milk samples. The method was based on that cephradine degradation under an alkaline condition produced a fluorescent product and its fluorimetric intensity could be markedly enhanced by polyoxyethy-lene( 20) sorbitan monolaurate. The fluorescence of the sensitized product was at an emission wavelength of 450 nm after being excited at 340 nm. Several factors including selection of buffer solution,reaction temperature and time,amount of NaOH and effect of the surfactant were studied and optimized. The results showed that the concentration of cephradine obeyed the Beer's law in the range of 0. 1 ~ 1. 5μg / mL and the regression equation was I = 516. 57ρ + 34. 14 with the correlation coefficient R2of 0. 999,and the apparent molar absorptivity was 1. 80 × 105L ·moL· cm-1. Furthermore,the reaction mechanism was explored. The high sensitivity of the proposed method was applied to the determination of cephradine in milk samples and satisfactory results were obtained. The recoveries of the studied compound were in the range of 90. 6% ~ 104. 5% with the detection limit of 0. 045 μg / mL,and the maximum relative standard deviation was 1. 3%. The main advantages of our method were simple,rapid and accurate. The method could be used for a rapid and cost-effective alternative for the quality control of cephradine in milk.


Initiation and characteristic of hydrogenation reactor overlay surface crack are summarized.The format and harm of crack ream are described,and safety assess method of hydrogenation reactor is put forward.


AIM
To assess diagnostic value of electron-beam computed tomography and multislice computed tomography (EBT and MSCT) for diagnosis of congenital anomalies of coronary arteries (CA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Non-invasive coronary angiography with EBT and MSCT has been performed in 1162 patients.

RESULTS
Different anomalies of coronary arteries have been found in 10 (0.9%) patients. Results of EBT and MSCT agreed with those of coronary angiography performed in 8 cases with CA anomalies. Though 720 of 1162 patients had coronary stenoses, no significant atherosclerotic lesions were found in anomalous CA.

CONCLUSION
EBT and MSCT enable non-invasive screening and diagnosis of coronary arteries anomalies.


Obstacle avoidance of quadrotors in dynamic environments is still a very open problem. Current works commonly leverage traditional static maps to represent static obstacles, and the detection and tracking of moving objects method to model dynamic obstacles separately. The detection module requires pretraining, and the dynamic obstacles can only be modeled with certain shapes, such as cylinders or ellipsoids. This work utilizes the dual-structure particle-based (DSP) dynamic occupancy map to represent the arbitrarily-shaped static obstacles and dynamic obstacles simultaneously, and proposes an efficient risk-aware sampling-based local trajectory planner to realize safe flights. The trajectory is planned by sampling motion primitives generated in the state space. Each motion primitive is divided into two phases: a short-term phase with a strict risk limitation and a relatively long-term phase designed to avoid high-risk regions. The risk is evaluated with the predicted particle-form future occupancy status, considering the time dimension. With an approach of splitting from and merging to an arbitrary global trajectory, the planner can also be used in tasks with preplanned global trajectories. Comparison experiments show that the obstacle avoidance system composed of the DSP map and our planner performs the best in dynamic environments. In real-world tests, our quadrotor reaches a speed of 6 m/s with the motion capture system and 2.5 m/s with everything running on a low-price single-board computer.


This paper provides a numerical analysis model of unsteady heat trans-fer in piston-liner set of an internal combustion engine.The model simulates the un-steady heat transfer process among the combustion mixture,piston set,lubricantfilm,liner and coolant in a whole engine cycle,and can predict the temperature fluc-tuation and distribution on piston crown,inner surface of liner,piston ring and thelubricant film.A computer program is developed to calculate the unsteady heat trans-fer process of piston-liner system in a water-cooled diesel engine.


In connection with studies concerning the production of arteriosclerosis in the coronary arteries, the need arose for an adequate method to induce chronic hypertension in the rat. For this purpose, a small, adjustable silver clamp, modeled after the larger Goldblatt clamp(1), has been designed and applied to the renal arteries of the rat(2). The clamp first employed measured 2 mm in length, 1.5 mm in width, and 2 mm in height. That finally used and illustrated in Fig. 1 is considerably smaller and measures 1.7 mm in height, 1.65 mm in length, 1.5 mm in width, and weighs 24 mg. It is made of sheet silver, 0.25 mm thick (0.01"), and nickel wire (0.85 mm diameter). A strip is rough cut to size for the casing (A). The edges are rounded and shaped with a fine stone to exact size and formed with a carefully machined punch die. On the top, a hole is centered, drilled, and tapped for the screw (B). Slots are cut with a saw 0.25 mm from the ends for the removable plate (C). The screw is made of nickel wire which is threaded (6 threads/mm), and one end cut with a lathe and drilled to accommodate the moving plate (D).


: - The computation of correlation dimension of bioelectric signals (EEG, ECG, ...) has been widely treated and used by the experimentalist community. From a single sampled signal, a whole trajectory in a higher-dimensional space is recontructed, considering as coordinates the delays of the recording. However, the measures of experimental data are obstructed by the presence of noise, either inherent in the system or provided by instrumental devices. Those factors obscure the structure of the possible underlying attractor. This fact generates a large number of algorithmic problems. We propose here an alternative to the computation of correlation dimension and other nonlinear indices (Lyapounov exponents, Rényi spectrum, etc) of attractors reconstructed by means of the method of Takens. The approach used here is fractal interpolation of the data. A specific feature of this method is the fact that the graph of these interpolants (as geometric object of the real plane) possesses a fractal dimension. This parameter constitutes a numerical characterization of the signal that can be used as a measure of the complexity of a phenomenon. From an applied point of view, we look for electroencephalographic differences between normality patterns and a syndrome of lack of attention. The experiment was performed on two types of children: a healthy control group and a set of children diagnosed with an Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our results suggest that fractal interpolation dimension is as useful as embedding dimensions in order to record significant variations in the EEG complexity. These differences record bioelectric changes produced by metabolic modifications in the brain areas implied in a specific mental process and they discriminate the described pathology.


CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 102, NO. 4, 25 FEBRUARY 2012 616 *For correspondence. (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) Census 1987–2007, Wetlands International, Malaysia, 2009, p. 276. 11. Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. and Ryan, P. D., PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electro., 2001, 4(1), p. 9. 12. Pannekoek, J. and Van Strien, A., TRIM 3 Manual. Trends and Indices for Monitoring Data. Research Paper No. 0102. Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg, The Netherlands, 2001, p. 57. 13. Kazmierczak, K., A Field Guide to the Birds of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and the Maldives, Om Book Service, New Delhi, 2003, p. 352. 14. Soulliere, G. J. and Monfils, M. J., Waterbird use of a constructed wetland complex in eastern upper Michigan. Wildlife Division Report No. 3262. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, USA, 1996, p. 12. 15. Hattori, A. and Mae, S., Habitat use and diversity of waterbirds in a coastal lagoon around Lake Biwa, Japan. Ecol. Res., 2001, 16, 543–553. 16. Maiti, S., Balachandran, S. and Chaudhury, S., Interdependency of macrophytes and avian diversity in the wetlands of Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Santiniketan. Sci. Cult., 2010, 76, 180–184. 17. Fasola, M. and Ruiz, X., The value of rice fields as substitutes for natural wetlands for waterbirds in the mediterranean region. Colonial Waterbirds, 1996, 19, 122–128. 18. Bellrose, F. C., Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America, Stackpole Books, PA, USA, 1980, p. 544. 19. Helmers, D. L., Shorebird Management Manual, Western Hemisphere, Shorebird Reserve Network, Manomet, MA, USA, 1992, p. 58.


Fourty eight Pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp) genotypes were evaluated for yield and yield component characters indicated the existence of considerable genetic variation in the present investigation. The components of variance revealed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied indicating the role of environmental variance in the total variance. The magnitude of PCV and GCV was moderate to high for seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant. Heritability in broad sense was higher in most of the characters viz., test weight, days to maturity, days to 50 per cent of flowering, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and number of branches per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and test weight. indicating the role of additive gene in expressing these traits. Seed yield was significant positive association with number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and test weight and these are major yield contributing traits to be given selection pressure for improving yield.


Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is used in a variety of fields because it can make inferences and plans through learning processes. In the field of coding technologies, AI has been introduced as a tool for personalized and customized education to provide new educational environments. Also, it can be used as a virtual assistant in coding operations for easier and more efficient coding. Currently, as coding education becomes mandatory around the world, students' interest in programming is heightened. The purpose of coding education is to develop the ability to solve problems and fuse different academic fields through computational thinking and creative thinking to cultivate talented persons who can adapt well to the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. However, new non-computer science major students who take software-related subjects as compulsory liberal arts subjects at university came to experience many difficulties in these subjects, which they are experiencing for the first time. AI based coding technologies can be used to solve their difficulties and to increase the learning effect of non-computer majors who come across software for the first time. Therefore, this study examines the current state of AI based coding technologies and suggests the direction of future coding education.


Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) occurs when anatomic barriers fail to prevent retrograde movement of stomach contents into the esophagus. When lifestyle and medications fail to relieve patients' symptoms, anti-reflux procedures can be safe and effective options for addressing the mechanical deficits (such as reduced lower-esophageal sphincter pressure, hiatal hernia, and/or patulous diaphragmatic hiatus) contributing to GERD. When laparoscopic fundoplication treatment of GERD fails, repeat surgical treatment is an option—but comes with risk of increased morbidity when compared to the primary fundoplication. Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is an endoscopic anti-reflux procedure that may be an alternative option for salvage therapy in patients with recurrent GERD. Methods: This review will explore fundoplication failure, the theoretical role for TIF in this setting, and the literature to support TIF as endoscopic rescue at this time. Literature review of studies reporting TIF for salvage therapy outcomes was performed, revealing 2 published papers. Results: TIF as salvage therapy has been shown in patients with minimal recurrent hiatal hernia but a loose fundoplication to be feasible, safe, and effective with improvement of GERD symptom scores and acid exposure time. However, this has only been shown in small, retrospective studies at this time. Conclusion: TIF may be a reasonable alternative to repeat laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with a small hiatal hernia.


A Flat‐Panel Detector Digital Radiography and a Storage Phosphor Computed Radiography: Screening for Pneumoconioses: Yoshihiro Takashima, et al. Division of Environmental Health, Department of International Social and Health Sciences, University of Fukui School of Medicine—Storage phosphor computed radiography (SR) and flat‐panel detector (FPD) radiography are two types of digital X‐ray utilizing different techniques. We compared these two techniques with conventional analogue chest radiograph (AR) among pneumoconiotic patients and healthy controls. Thirty individuals consisting of 20 silica‐exposed ex‐workers and 10 healthy controls without occupational exposure to any mineral dust were examined with chest X‐ray by AR, SR and FPD. Three occupational physicians, including one NIOSH B reader, assessed the digital and conventional radiographs by the side‐by‐side method according to the ILO 2000 International Classification of Radiograph of Pneumoconioses (ILO/ ICRP). No significant difference was shown between the subjective film qualities by AR and FPD. Inter‐reader agreement of the profusion of small opacities on radiographs was high in the order of SR (κ=0.64), FPD (κ=0.62), and AR (κ=0.55). The profusions of small opacity for AR and FPD by the 12‐point scaled profusion of ILO/ICRP did not show a statistically significant difference, but those for AR and SR showed a significant difference. The areas under the receiver operator curves (ROC) using clinical diagnosis by a pulmonologist as the reference showed no statistically significant difference among the three radiographic techniques. FPD gives image quality as good as that of AR, and it has acceptable agreement with AR in small profusion categories, which consequently assures its application to pneumoconiosis screening. SR showed less profusion than FPD and AR, which can be fixed with image modification.


The software development process requires the fulfillment of several steps, where the management of requirements proves to be one of the most complex and important. A platform that allows the access of software development teams to an online library containing a set of requirements for the domain that one wishes to implement, and that provides the reuse of these requirements can bring many benefits in terms of quality, time and costs. In this context, a project of structuring a library of reuse of software requirements for different domains is of great interest to the software development community (developers and / or organizations). The purpose of this article is to propose the project "Library of reuse of software requirements for different domains" through the elaboration of two essential documents of scope management, the Work Breakdown Structure - WBS (project scope) and the List of Requirements (product scope). In order to elaborate this work, the following steps were performed: (i) study on scope management and requirements engineering with emphasis on requirements elicitation and libraries of reuse; (ii) elaboration and validation of the WBS through interviews with senior researchers in the Computing area; (iii) preparation of the List of Requirements; (iv) validation of the List of Requirements through field research, using questionnaires, with professionals in the area of Information Technology (TI). The research led to the conclusion that the proposed Library, represented by the documents of scope management (project and product), proved to be important and capable of generating benefits for the TI area.


An elastic isotropic plate in the form of an angle or a half-plane is considered. One side of the angle is free from external stresses and the other side is discretely reinforced with a straight stringer by rivets which are spaced at a constant intervals. Concentrated force is applied to the end of the stringer along its axis. Using the methods of the theory of analytic functions and integral transformations, the problem reduces to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. The quasiregularity of this system in a space of quadratically summable sequences is proved. In the case of a half-plane, we get a system of equations with difference indices (of convolution type) which by using the discrete Fourier transformation reduces to the Riemann problem for a circle in a class of Wiener functions. Introduction The contact problems for various areas reinforced with elastic thin-walled elements of variable stiffness are investigated and asymptotic elements of contact stresses at the ends of the contact line are obtained depending on the law of variation of geometric and physical parameters of these elements. These problems were preceded by the studies of such authors as E. Melan, E. Reisner, V.T. Koiter, E.L. Buell, E.V. Benskoter, R. Myki, E. Stenberg, etc. Continuous and discrete interaction, as well as adhesive contact of thin-walled elements (stringers and inclusions) with massive deformable bodies are allowed. In this paper, the elastic isotropic plate in the form of an angle or a half-plane is considered, when one side of the angle is free from external stresses and the other side is reinforced with a straight stringer in the condition of a discrete interaction. I. An elastic isotropic plate on the plane z = x+ iy occupies the angle −α < arg z < 0, 0 < α < 2π. One side of the angle z = −α is free from externel stresses and the other side, arg z = 0, is reinforced with a straight stringer of constant cross-section F0, with the Young modulus E0 and thickness h0. Interaction between the stringer and the wedge is realised discretely, through the rivets which are spaced by the law xk = k, k = 1, 2, . . . . The end of the stringer at the point x = 0 is under the action of concentrated force of intensity P , directed along the Ox-axis. We admit the following assumptions: 1) there is no friction force between the plate and stringer; 2) the effect of essentric (with respect to the midplane of the plate) attachment of the stringer is neglected; 3) a plane strassed state is realized in the plate, and the rivets in the plate are simulated by circular rigid inclusions; 4) the stringer works only in a tension-compression regime and its weakening due to the applied rivets is not taken into account, that is, we assume that the stringer bending stiffness is negligibly small [5]. Separate mentally the stringer from the plate and apply unknown interaction forces Xk and −Xk to the centers of rivets xk of the plate and stringer, respectively. Let Nj be the stress in the bar acting on the segment between the rivets j and j + 1, j = 1, 2, 3, . . . . From the equilibrium of that part of the stringer which lies in the vicinity of rivets it follows that Xk = Nk −Nk−1, k = 1, 2, 3, . . . . (1) 2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 74D05, 45F15.


We present the coherent control with a high-resolution spectrum of a quantum dot embedded in photonic crystals, which can be used for nanophotonics devices in a subwavelength region.


Many researchers found that traffic accidents occur mainly because of driving stress and driving behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of roadway conditions on driving stress by using Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The study used a heart rate sensor, and a video camera to collect data and carried out time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of HRV by using the MATLAB analysis software. The results showed that drivers experience different driving stresses depending on roadway conditions. In particular, highly crowded places and those requiring attention such as mixed roads, lane-changing points, jaywalking places, rough and bad pavements, traffic congestion areas, and flyover are the most stressful segments along the roadway for drivers.


The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between information technology and organizational structure of Physical Education administrations in Iran. This is a describtive-corelational research. Administrative management and the total population of that number 188 were Iranian Physical Education (N=n). Data gather using for questionnaire organizational structure of Robbins (1987) and researcher-made questionnaire for Information Technology. The Validity was approved by 8 professional sport management professors and the reliability by choronbachs alpha coefficient (0.84 and 0.82). Descriptive statistics and data collected through Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Kendall's correlation test and Spearman correlation test were analyzed. The results showed that a significant relationship between information technology with organizational structure, social structure, physical structure in Physical Education administrations of Iran P=(0.05). The results also show that a significant relationship between information technology with formalization, centralization, integrity, Independent of the place and Independent of the time, But there was no significant relationship between information technology and complexity in Physical Education administrations of Iran P=(0.05).


Why teach English? I suppose most of us at times have wondered why we are in the profession. Certainly such a query most naturally forms itself in the minds of English teachers as they look at the appalling mountains of papers left behind for correction by their classes after the dismissal bell has rung. Isn't the life of an English teacher after all just a mere grinding of gerunds and chasing of commas as many onlookers think?


In recent years, ground fissures were found in ten prefectures or cities in the earthquake belt of "Weihe River. There are 7 ground fissures in Xian city that total 26.3 km in length. They constitute a great threat to city construction. The auther has also found historical fissures of the Han, Tang and Ming Dynasties buried ibelow the ground surface in the cities of Xianyang, Xian and Woman. These newly discovered fissures, together with 18 fissures recorded in history, form four groups each with a period of 700-800 years that conform with earthquake periodicity.The result of the observations may provide a new -basis, for the prediction of ground fissures and earthquakes in the earthquake belt of the Weihe River.


The vertebrate immune system contains a diverse inventory of genetic, epigenetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms dedicated to distinguishing and to determining appropriate responsiveness to "self" and "non-self." Autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), caused by immune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas, are the result of breakdowns in these mechanisms. Recent T1D research efforts have uncovered the opposing functions of pancreatic Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and natural killer (NK) cells as critical determinants of tolerance versus autoimmunity. Here, we examine the extrinsic adaptive regulation of NK cells by Treg cells, and profile the tissue-specific heterogeneity of NK cells for intrinsic mediators of NK cell tolerance. Depletion of Treg cells in the BDC2.5/NOD model resulted in destruction of pancreatic islets and a high penetrance of T1D. Prior to the activation of T cells, there was a rapid and localized activation of pancreatic NK cells, including their proliferation and production of diabetogenic IFN-γ. How Treg cells exerted their dominant tolerance on NK cells in this setting was unclear. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying this NK/Treg cell axis, following leads from a kinetic exploration of gene-expression changes early after punctual perturbation of Treg cells. Our data supported a scenario in which Treg cells controlled NK cell functions by limiting the bioavailability of T cell-derived IL-2 in the islets, representing a novel intertwining of innate and adaptive immunity.


Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is prone to recurrence and metastasis, which is the subtype of poorest prognosis. Chemotherapy is the main treatment, although there is lack of effective adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The unsatisfactory efficacy of chemotherapy has been a bottleneck in improving the outcome of TNBC. Platinum compounds act directly on DNA to kill tumor cells, and they have a stronger killing effect on tumor cells carrying DNA damage repair (DDR) defects, which is an important entry point to improve the efficacy of TNBC. Biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of platinum drugs in TNBC treatment have always been a hot topic. The DDR pathway contains a large number of related genes, and recent studies have shown that deficiencies in the DDR pathway may be associated with the efficacy of platinum drugs, which is expected to be a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of platinum drugs in breast cancer treatment.


An impeller for a pump disclosed herein. The impeller may comprise a hub having a fixed end and a free end. The impeller may also include a plurality of sheets, which are supported by the hub. Each sheet can have a fixed end which is coupled to the hub, and a free end. The impeller may have a stowed configuration and a deployed configuration, with the blades in the deployed configuration of the hub and extend away from the sheets being compressed in the stowed configuration to the hub.


In the present article, starting from microscopic viewpoint, a new theory of rarefied gas dynamics in the range of free molecular flow has been studied. In this theory, the matrix‐probability method Y. Wu, Rarefied Gas Dynamics, edited by L. Talbot (Academic, New York, 1961), p. 141; J. Vac. Sci. Instrum. 42, 876 (1965) has been employed to calculate transmission probability and a three‐dimension dynamic model has been suggested which can satisfy any complicated boundary conditions theoretically. Finally, the reasons why the transmission probability of gas molecules through a moving channel tends to a constant value (which is smaller than 1) rather than unity while the drag speed increases infinitely have been explained.


Waterfowl nutritional requirements and food availability at migration stopover habitats may differ from those at nesting or wintering areas. Although there is little information on factors that influence waterfowl diets and food selection during migration, we hypothesized that bird age and wetland density in the surrounding landscape would influence food selection. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify mallard Anas platyrhynchos and blue-winged teal Anas discors diets during migration and evaluate effects of age and wetland density on waterfowl food selection. We collected 30 mallards and 29 blue-winged teal with food items present in esophagi from wetlands in south-central Nebraska during spring 2008 and 2009. Smartweed Polygonum spp. and barnyard grass Echinochloa spp. were the most common seeds found in both mallards and blue-winged teal, while Naididae and Chironomidae larvae were the most common invertebrates in mallard and blue-winged teal diets, respectively. Invertebrates were consumed by both species in greater proportion than available. Both mallards and blue-winged teal collected in wetland complexes selected some seeds over others, whereas birds in isolated wetlands foraged on foods in proportion to availability. After-hatch-year mallards also selected for some seeds over others, as compared with hatch-year birds, which foraged opportunistically on available foods. If after-hatch-year birds and birds in wetland complexes are able to be more selective in their diets relative to food availability at individual wetlands, they may be able to acquire and replenish lipids reserves more efficiently than hatch-year birds or birds in areas with lower wetland densities. diet and food selection of female mallards Anas platyrhynchos and blue-winged teal A. discors were evaluated in springs 2008 and 2009. All study wetlands were public lands, with Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA) owned and managed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) owned and managed by Nebraska Game and Parks Commission.


In this chapter I trace the role of English in the context of the wider Sri Lankan language planning. Prior to decolonisation, English was excoriated by nationalists as kaduwa, a knife that sliced through the natural conversations of local people, whether in Sinhala or Tamil. The post-colonial period saw English marginalised and first language rights enshrined in education. Over time, however, especially due to communal conflict and war, but also global economic effects, Sri Lanka has restored a prominent role to English. Today, Sri Lanka enjoys literacy rates, both male and female, much higher than its South Asian neighbours, a result of both its traditional respect for learning and its vernacular language policies. In the late 1990s, a system of English medium schools, including "Amity" programmes, were created as an experiment to re-introduce nonsegregated education via English. The chapter provides a historical survey and a policy-political analysis of English within the wider context of Sri Lankan state making and interethnic relations. lt concludes with some evidence from research I conducted on schoolchildren's language attitudes, revealing how past disputes and debates about language have echoes in the children's comments but also prefiguring some future accommodations. Introduction: Unfriendly knife Sri Lanka is remarkable for both the intensity of its language planning efforts and for the severity of their consequences. In this chapter, the 'fate' and role of English are discussed within the wider context of Sri Lankan politics and language policy (LP). Prior to de-colonisation and during the early years of independence, English was excoriated by nationalists as kaduwa, a knife or sword. The metaphor suggests a sharp instrument slicing through swabhasha (local language) conversations (Rajasingham-Senanayake, 1998), or a sword or knife conferring power or subjugation depending on whose hands wield it (Raheem and Devendra, 2007: 190). As late as 2003, one language activist told me that drawing the 'language knife', as he described it, could silence talk 'because it told of your connections'. The image is of symbolic displays of 'cultural capital' (Bourdieu, 1991) alongside divisive social effects a knife which speaks as well as silences. Even after it was officially ejected from state functions, English remained tied to the economy, aid and internationalisation. Its introduction had aggravated existing stratifications of class, caste, religion, and ethnicity, and was seen to damage national esteem, ethnic relations, and opportunities for the excluded masses (Peiris, 1999). During the preparations for independence, there were energetic attempts to recover an ancient linguistic compact based on swabhasha bilingualism. The failure to compromise facilitated revolutionary populism, fuelled by the economic and social exclusion of vernacular speaking masses from the opportunities afforded by English. Post-Independence politics tried to restore Sinhala (and Buddhism) by dislodging English from official domains, but succeeded in removing Tamil as well, alienating many Tamils and fomenting mistrust and eventually communal emnity (Little, 1994). ______________________________________________ 1 Sinhala refers to the language, Sinhalese to its speakers. Lo Bianco, Joseph (2011). A Friendly Knife? English in the Context of Sri Lankan Language Planning. In L. Farrell, U. Narayana Singh & R. Ashish Giri (Eds), English Language Education: South Asia From Policy to Pedagogy (pp. 36-600) New Delhi: India. Cambridge University Press.


present work describes two different approaches to musical style recognition. The first includes a behavioral experiment in which human listeners (divided into musi- cians and nonmusicians) are asked to recognize musical style. The main purpose of this approach is to explore the cognitive processes involved in musical style categorization and the influence of prior musical knowledge in style per- ception. The second approach simulates stylistic recogni- tion through a back propagation neural network model, considering recognition as a supervised learning task. The learner (i.e. the model) is given examples of music in the specified style, together with non-examples, thus learning to distinguish between examples and non-examples. How- ever, since musical style recognition is different from tradi- tional supervised learning tasks (due to the freeform na- ture of the input and the depth of structure), considerable care is required in the design of the model. We have chosen back propagation neural networks for our approach for a number of reasons: they have an excellent track record in complex recognition tasks and are capable of inducing the hidden features of a domain. Our model accounts for vari- ous features that are quite likely to be important in the process of musical style recognition in humans: these fea- tures can roughly be described as the accounting for musi- cal input of varying length in an even manner; modeling the hierarchical nature of musical recognition; capturing the importance of directional flow in music. Our model was trained on a corpus comprising the same compositions as the behavioral experiment (i.e. arias by Legrenzi, by sev- eral other coeval composers Rossi, Stradella, Gabrielli, A. Scarlatti and by the computer program LEGRE). The model reaches a fairly high classification accuracy (vary- ing between 66.7 and 100%, depending on the composers considered). The study of the approaches shows similari- ties (the ability to correctly recognize a style depends on the global exposure to that style both in human listeners and the neural model) but also puzzling discrepancies (for example in the case Legrenzi vs LEGRE, where the accu- racy of the model � 100% � is well beyond that of the hu- mans) which the present work tries to assess.


Instruments for volcano monitoring are available to detect debris flow at Sakurajima where vulcanian eruptions and debris flow frequently have occurred since 2009. Seismic observation is conventional method to detect debris flows as shown by high-frequency tremor-like waves. However, seismic waves are insufficient to estimate volume of debris flow. Here, I will propose a method to estimate volume of debris flow by using ground deformation associated with debris flows. Upward tilts of the crater side of Sakurajima have been detected 5 min to 1 day before volcanic eruptions. Upward tilts of the crater side were also detected at the same site associated with debris flows streaming in Arimura river, opposite side of the crater in the view of the tiltmeter, because deposits of debris flows induce downward tilt of the river side. On the other hand, radial strain shows different change patterns between precursory inflation of eruptions and debris flows. Radial strain shows contraction prior to eruptions, but extension of radial strain is recorded associated with debris flows. Such deformations are detected for 65 debris flows in the Arimura river except for 4 minor flows during the period from 2009 to 2016. Amounts of tilt changes ranged from 4 to 409 nano radian. The downward tilt vectors are oriented to the no.1 Sabo dam and it is inferred that the deformation is caused by deposit of debris flow at the Sabo dam. Extension changes of radial strains ranged from 3 to 138 nano strain and are almost 1/3 of the tilt changes. Assuming a point mass applied to the river surface, increase of weight on the river is estimated to 60 thousands ton in case of strain change of 30 nano. Total weight of debris flows is estimated to be 2 million tons during the period from 2009 to 2016.


Automated segmentation and recognition of fine-grained activities is important for enabling new applications in industrial automation, human-robot collaboration, and surgical training. Many existing approaches to activity recognition assume that a video has already been segmented and perform classification using an abstract representation based on spatio-temporal features. While some approaches perform joint activity segmentation and recognition, they typically suffer from a poor modeling of the transitions between actions and a representation that does not incorporate contextual information about the scene. In this paper, we propose a model for action segmentation and recognition that improves upon existing work in two directions. First, we develop a variation of the Skip-Chain Conditional Random Field that captures long-range state transitions between actions by using higher-order temporal relationships. Second, we argue that in constrained environments, where the relevant set of objects is known, it is better to develop features using high-level object relationships that have semantic meaning instead of relying on abstract features. We apply our approach to a set of tasks common for training in robotic surgery: suturing, knot tying, and needle passing, and show that our method increases micro and macro accuracy by 18.46% and 44.13% relative to the state of the art on a widely used robotic surgery dataset.


Aiming at the shortcoming of paying attention only to the combat performance and life cycle cost(LCC)during evaluating development plan of weapon systems, this paper establishes evaluation indicators of general performance of weapon systems, and uses grey interrelated analysis method to evaluate and optimize. This paper also brings forward a new weight determination method based on Euclidean Distance to improve it on the basis of analyzing the defects of classic grey interrelated analysis method, which avoids Subjective factors and makes the evaluation results more objective and accurate. Finally through an example in the practice of development project of defense equipment, the method's specific applications are introduced and the feasibility and effectiveness of this method verified.


This study examined the effectiveness of the Self-Directed IEP to teach individualized education program (IEP) meeting skills. One hundred and thirty secondary students were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. Observations of 130 meetings and 764 IEP team members were performed using 10-s momentary time sampling to determine the percentage of intervals team members talked and the percentage of time they discussed transition. Special education teachers completed a pre/post ChoiceMaker self-determination student skill and opportunity assessment, and meeting participants answered postmeeting surveys. The Self-Directed IEP had a strong effect on increasing the percentage of time students talked, started, and led the meetings. This was verified by survey results. These findings add to the growing literature demonstrating the effectiveness of the Self-Directed IEP.


This work presents a phenomenological vector hysteresis model for the reconstruction of anisotropic magnetization processes. Suitable classes of anisotropic hysterons are defined and their theoretical properties are presented. Details about the numerical implementation of the model and some numerical tests will be reported in the extended paper.


We show how randomly scrambling the output classes of various fractions of the training data may be used to improve predictive accuracy of a classification algorithm. We present a method for calculating the "noise sensitivity signature" of a learning algorithm which is based on scrambling the output classes. This signature can be used to indicate a good match between the complexity of the classifier and the complexity of the data. Use of noise sensitivity signatures is distinctly different from other schemes to avoid overtraining, such as cross-validation, which uses only part of the training data, or various penalty functions, which are not data-adaptive. Noise sensitivity signature methods use all of the training data and are manifestly data-adaptive and non-parametric. They are well suited for situations with limited training data.


Indian poultry industry is fast growing and poultry meat is not subjected to cultural and religious restrictions. Utilization of medicinal plants as feed ingredient for broilers is increasing due to its growth promoting quality and capacity to reduce antimicrobial resistance among broilers. Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth and maintenance in poultry. The present experimental study was undertaken to study the effects of selenium and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on haematological and immunological parameters of VenCobb-400 broilers. Three hundred and sixty (360) day old chicks were selected and divided in to six groups (T0 to T5) with 3 replicates of each group, 20 chicks in each replicate. Ashwagandha and selenium were supplemented in broiler chicken feed at different levels for different group. The haematological parameters viz. haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and differential leucocyte count were assessed as per standard procedures. The cell mediated immune response was estimated by skin hypersensitivity test using 1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene reagent in acetone and it was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours post inoculation. The data obtained in the present study were analyzed statistically by using Complete Randomized Design one way Anova procedure of SPSS version 20. The broiler groups treated simultaneously with both the Ashwagandha and selenium showed significantly higher values of haematological parameters when compared to that of other groups. The cell mediated immunity of birds analysed by cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reaction was found at higher levels in Ashwagandha and selenium treated groups. Supplementation of 2.5g Ashwagandha and 0.15 mg Selenium per Kg of feed was found to be optimum combination for better haematological and immunological attributes for broilers. This may be due to the synergistic effect of Ashwagandha and selenium on the haematology of broilers.


Under conditions routinely used for electron microprobe analyses (15 kV, sample current of 0.01 5 1rA, beam diameter of 5-50 pm) FKa X-ray intensities of Durango fluorapatite sections with the surface perpendicular to the c axis increase up to 1000/o during the first 60 s of exposure to the beam. After longer periods of exposure to an electron beam the intensity falls to values below the initial intensity. This effect is strongly anisotropic. Sections parallel to the c axis show a similar behavior but on a time scale approximately 20 times longer. There appears to be no relaxation or decay of the effect when the same spot is reanalyzed after periods of up to several weeks. Under similar microprobe operating conditions, topaz shows no change in FKa intensity, and fluorite shows a decline in intensity with increasing duration of beam exposure. The intensity variation and its anisotropy can be explained by diffusion of F to the surface driven by the electrical field produced by primary beam electrons implanted at a depth below the analyzed region. The increase in intensity is believed to be due to the diffusion of F ions to sites near the surface where their X-rays are subject to much less absorption than in the apatite matrix. The anisotropy of the effect is explained by the known, structurally controlled anisotropy of diffusion in apatite. Cl appears to behave in a similar manner except that the initial enhancement of X-ray intensity is less pronounced, since Cl X-rays are not so strongly absorbed in the apatite matrix. Accurate analysis of apatite will require a series of analyses on the same spot extrapoIated to a value at the initiation of beam exposure. Because of permanent long-term changes in X-ray intensity with cumulative beam exposure, apatite should not be used as a primary standard. Samples exposed to an electron beam for cathodoluminescence studies should not be analyzed without removing the altered surface layer (-5 pm).


1) A subject who received all vitamins except a vitamin showed a delayed dark adaptation and after supplementation of the named vitamin he was able to bring his threshold value to normal. 2) The difference of the visual threshold value before and after the vitamin supplementation can be seen as a measure of relative saturation of the body store as to the vitamin.


Running or working for a festival, you will find that you have to deal with issues related to structure and staff roles almost on a daily basis. These management issues will sit alongside leadership questions about your festival's purpose, values, governance and ethos. In this chapter, you will be introduced to leadership models and different management structures and roles within festival production. The chapter will emphasise the role of leadership in the cultural sector, including artistic and creative vision. It will introduce the concept of organisational culture and discuss the relationship between structure, culture and values. It will also discuss and illustrate the key roles in festival management and delivery. So, what does the term 'leadership' mean and how does it differ from the term 'manager' which is also often used to describe people in authority? Titles have over the years changed, so what were once 'managing directors' at the top of companies are now 'chief executives. So, are leaders and managers or directors and chief executives the same role but by a different name? The answer is that it very much depends on the individual and the organisation. But in general terms leaders and managers are now thought of in different terms, both in terms of skills and roles.


A significant cost reduction in photovoltaic cells could be achieved if they could be made from thin polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films. Despite hydrogenation treatments of poly-Si films are necessary to obtain high energy conversion, the role of the n+ emitter on defects passivation via hydrogen diffusion in n+pp+ polysilicon solar cells is not yet understood thoroughly. In this connection, influence of hydrogenation temperature and doping level of the n+ emitter on open-circuit voltage (VOC) were analyzed. It was found that VOC greatly improved by a factor of 2.9 and reached up to 430 mV at a microwave plasma power and hydrogenation temperature of 650 W and 400°C, respectively for a duration of 60 min. Moreover, slow cooling is more advantageous for high VOC compared to the rapid cooling. However, etching of the emitter region was observed, and this degradation is similar for both cooling methods. Furthermore, annealing of the hydrogenated cells in inert gas for 30 min revealed a slight increase in VOC, which reached 40-80 mV, depending on the annealing temperature. These results were explained by hydrogen atoms diffusing into the bulk of the material from subsurface defects that are generated during plasma hydrogenation process. Also, our findings show clearly that VOC values are much higher for a less doped phosphorus emitter compared to that of heavily doped. The origin of these behaviors was clarified in detail.


— The technology of intrusion detection systems in computer networks is quite young and dynamic. Today in this area there is an active formation of the market. Currently, intrusion detection systems (IDS) are becoming increasingly common among companies of various sizes. However, unfortunately, these systems, designed to identify and repel attacks by hackers, can themselves be exposed to unauthorized influences that could disrupt the system's performance, which would prevent it from fulfilling its tasks. The present paper describes some of the results obtained in the Faculty of Computer Systems and Technology at Technical University of Sofia in the implementation of project related to the application of intelligent methods for increasing the security in computer networks. The paper introduces a model for IDS where multi agent systems and artificial intelligence are applicable by the means simple real-time models constructed in laboratory environment.


Swimming is considered one of the most conventional recreational activities for both leisure and exercising. Swimming pools have either public or private usage. Nevertheless, if the water of the swimming pools is polluted and is not identified on time, it could result in the transmission of various diseases to the people who use them. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the health situation of swimming pools in the Hamadan province during the period of 2012–2014.This research was a descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional) study on the 19 active pools in the 8 cities of Hamadan province. A total of 120 samples were randomly taken from different parts of the swimming pools during the three-year study period. The sampling and testing procedures were performed according to standard methods. The SPSS software (IBMO) and the linear correlation test were used for data analysis. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters, such as pH and residual chlorine for 76% and 86% of the total samples, respectively, showed good compliance in pool water during the study period. In terms of microbiological parameters, the lowest and highest numbers of positive samples were observed in the years 2012 and 2014, respectively. According to the results and the unfavorable trend observed mainly in terms of microbial contamination, appropriate measures, such as through strict enforcement of sanitary standards and provision of required equipment like turbidity meter, should be undertaken in order to increase the hygiene level of swimming pools in the Hamadan province.


The synergistic antitumor effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (Lys 2 rhTNFα) in combination with recombinant human interferon alpha2a (rhINFα 2a) and/or recombinant human interleukin 2( 125 Ser rhIL 2) were studied in vitro and in vivo . Lys 2 rhTNFα showed antiproliferative activity on the cells of mouse melanoma B16, mouse leukemia Yac 1 and human colon carcinoma M7609. Significant difference of cytotoxic effects were observed when Lys 2 rhTNFα in combination with 125 Ser rhIL 2 and rhINFα 2a, compared with any cytokine alone or any combination of two cytokines ( P 0.01). In vivo , the combination of Lys 2 rhTNFα with 125 Ser rhIL 2 plus rhINFα 2a had greater antitumor effect than any cytokine alone( P 0.05).


Summary Objectives : To summarize significant research contributions published in 2021 in the field of clinical decision support (CDS) systems and select the best papers for the Decision Support section of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook. Methods : The authors searched the MEDLINE® database for papers focused on clinical decision support (CDS) systems. From search results, section editors established a list of candidate best papers, which were then peer-reviewed by at least three external reviewers. The IMIA Yearbook editorial committee selected the best papers on the basis of all reviews including the section editors' evaluation. Results : A total of 337 articles were retrieved from which 13 candidate papers were identified. Finally, from the candidate papers, the top three papers were selected. The first paper introduces an innovative evaluation approach to CDS systems, the second compares six health institutions on how they are measuring CDS alert fatigue and the last one adds new evidence on how CDS can help to reduce unnecessary interventions.


Since "9·11" event,terrorism has become more and more serious all over the world. Consequently,foreign countries reinforced criminal legislation to prevent and suppress terrorism. Along with the fight on terrorism,foreign criminal legislation embodies transitions from experiential legislation to advanced legislation,from objectivism to subjectivism,from political notion to social notion,from civil protection to social protection.


The study presents the reability in the elaboration and testing on an attitude scale towards sexuality, of the person with mental disorder. Scale was implemented to 104 students of the Faculty of Pedagogy of the Universidad Veracruzana of Xalapa-Mexico. Introductory reliability of the scale composed of 24 items was .6998, the final scale reached a Cronbach´s alpha of .7266 with a total of 16 items. Finally, it was conclused the study is reliable for measuring attitudes towards the sexuality of people with mental disorder.


The paper presents algorithms for network performability calculation based on the network state relations. According to the discussion of the relation of throughput in network states when there are different number of failed links, we obtain algorithms for calculating the exact value of the network performability. Based on the relations of the states in which the network has maximum and minimum throughputs, respectively, when there are different number of failed links, we obtain fast algorithms for determining the exact value, approximate value, and upper and lower bounds of network performability.


Pancreatic tumor has a dismal prognosis.Combined therapy is mainly adopted,which is done by surgery together with chemotherapy and radiotherapy,but it has limited effect.Recent remarkable advances in molecular biology have brought revolutionary changes in the diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic tumors.Suicide gene is an important field in gene therapy for pancreatic tumor.This article is a summary of the most recent advances in the field of suicide gene therapy for pancreatic tumors.


Along with the rapid development of Web data and data integration technology,semi-structured data have aroused people's more recognition.The semi-structured data is a kind of self-described data whose structure is unprecise or connotative.It is different from the schema of conventional data.It has data first but schema later and its mode is used to describe structure information of data not to implement compulsive restriction.The schema discovery of semi-structured data has become the first step of knowledge discovery.The concept of hierarchical data is adopted and a counting principle of hierarchical transaction database and accumulating transform are offered in this paper.A new algorithm SHDP-mine based on SHDP-tree and a basic schema used to mine semi-structured and hierarchical data is also offered in this paper.At last,its validity and efficiency is analyzed and validated through experiment and theory.


This report presents a GaAs pHEMT technology optimized for 26 V drain bias. At this bias, a 2.14 GHz gate width scaling study demonstrates output power densities of 1.8-2.1 W/mm of output power at 1 dB gain compression (P/sub 1dB/) for device sizes ranging from 14.4 mm down to 3.6 mm respectively. Power added efficiency (PAE) remains nearly constant at 59-61% for these device sizes. Devices with 14.4 mm gate widths produced a Pias of 26 W (1.8 W/mm) with an associated power-added efficiency (PAE) of 61%. Thermal imaging shows a thermal resistance of approximately 4.2/spl deg/C/W at a 36/spl deg/C case temperature for 14.4 mm (26 W) devices. A high temperature step stress reliability study shows a median time to failure (MTTF) of 1.6/spl times/10/sup 7/ hours for a 150/spl deg/C channel temperature with a thermal activation energy of 1.8 eV. These results represent the best combination of power density, PAE, and reliability reported for any GaAs-based FET technology.


Summary The links of Cartography to Art and culture are as old as the field itself. The art of painting has always been present within maps, which, in turn have always been regarded as a combination of scientific and artistic skills. One of the most prominent examples of the harmonic duality of maps as scientific tools and objects of culture is witnessed in the Netherlands during the 17 th century, when the Dutch were world leaders in the field of cartographic production. This period is also known as the golden century of the country: state power and world dominion were combined with progress in science and in arts. Dutch mapmakers of the time were usually combining more skills: they were surveyors, cartographers, painters of landscapes and even more. On the other hand, many seventeenth-century Dutch painters such as Hals, Vermeer, Ter Borch, De Hooch, Steen, Ochtervelt, Maes and others, introduced depictions of real maps into their works and decorated their interiors with maps for symbolic or allegorical reasons. A typical example is Johannes Vermeer; in his painting 'Officer and laughing girl' (~1660) an officer and a young girl are placed in an interior, sitting at a table in front of a window. On the wall behind the girl a large map is hanging, occupying a large part of the painting and being equally important as the rest of the scene. The map on the painting depicts part of the Netherlands; its remarkable similarity with the original topographic map of its time (~1620) makes comparison processes a real challenge. Such a comparison is nowadays made much easier than in the past with the tools offered by the new technologies. Issues of interest for the history of Cartography reveal new dimensions through the use of these tools. A typical example concerning the study of old maps is the deformation analysis of those maps. Such a deformation analysis was attempted, for the two maps mentioned before (i.e. the map on the painting and its original -old- topographic counterpart). In this paper the comparative method of analysis is applied on the 'painted' map and its actual counterpart, by transforming optimally one onto the other. Apart from the analytical and digital component of the process, an interesting result is the visual representation of the transformation (dynamic morphing) from one map to the other. This revealed some remarkable indications about the method followed by the artist (use of the camera obscura) in his painting.


Chloroquine (Q) is widely used as the main drug for malaria therapy in malaria endemic regions of the world, especially in Africa. Individuals on Q therapy frequently consume alcohol (E), in the face of protein malnutrition. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chloroquine and/or ethanol treatment on haematological values of male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on normal protein (NP, 15%) or on low protein (LP, 6%) diet (malnutrition) for 40 days divided into 4 equal intervals. After 10 days of treatment, 5 7 rats were randomly selected from each rat cohort and sacrificed. This was repeated for 4 consecutive intervals. Haematological values were lower in LP than in NP-treated rats during all intervals. Ethanol or Q treatments generally depressed haematopoiesis and produced significant reductions in the values of some of the haematological parameters, viz Rbc, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and platelets, irrespective of the dietary protein status. However, the reduction in these parameters due to Q was less in NP-treated rats. Ethanol-low protein treatment (LPE) caused significant elevations (P<0.001) in MCHC values at all intervals except at Day 30. Ethanol and Q interactively enhanced haematopoiesis in NPEQ and LPEQ rat cohorts and caused general and significant increases in the values of some of the haematologic parameters. The greater increases in haematological values of NPEQ than in LPEQ-treated rats, suggests a modulating effect by nutritional status on the effects of these drugs individually and in combination on haematopoiesis. A significantly strong interaction (p<0.0001) was found between the drug effects, the sampling intervals and the dietary status. Total white blood cell count was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the LPE and LPQ-treated rats. The variations in leukocyte counts were essentially caused by variations in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. The gradual increases in neutrophil and lymphocyte counts across the intervals in all treated groups reflect a stressful condition impacted upon the immune system. The interaction between the drugs in NPEQand LPEQ-rat cohorts resulted in reductions in the lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, suggesting a lowering of immune status of the animals.


In order to ensure high temperature superheater tube of supercritical boiler operating safely and stably in a long time, reduce the repair cost and material loss, the reasons of explosion of TP347HHTS tube are analyzed and researched by spectrograph, microcomputer controlled electric universal testing machine, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope with energy spectrometer, for the content of main chemical element, tensile property, microstructure, grade of grain size, second phase of exploded tube sample, nonbulging tube sample, spare tube sample. And the related data is consulted at the scene of tube burst. The results show that: The explosion of TP347H HTS tube of the supercritical boiler belongs high temperature creep failure. σ phase precipitated at grain boundaries of TP347H austenitic stainless steel during the process of long-term high temperature operation. And the fine grain size is beneficial to the precipitation of σ phase. The high content of precipitated σ phase promotes the appearance of creep holes at a prolonged high temperature, and make the TP347HHTS tube rapidly aging, high temperature creep strength decreased until burst.


The article describes the main factors affecting the method of strategic analysis of the commercial enterprise. The measures for the implementation and improvement of strategic analysis and monitoring of the strategic situation that could affect key performance indicators for the company.


The device comprises a main loop (10) containing an indoor heat exchanger (18) adapted to exchange heat with an air flow sent into the passenger compartment (H), an outdoor heat exchanger (34) adapted to exchange heat with an outdoor air flow in the cabin (H) and an expander (32) interposed between the indoor heat exchanger and outdoor heat exchanger; a secondary loop (12) containing a compressor (54) and an evaporator (60) connected to a cooling circuit (62) of the power circuit (64) associated with the electric motor of the vehicle, and a switching valve (14) between the main loop (10) and the secondary loop (12) for circulating the refrigerant in the main loop (10) in one direction of movement selected.


Dent's disease is an X-linked proximal tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and progression to chronic kidney failure. The disease is caused by mutations in CLCN5 or OCRL genes and affects males, whereas female carriers are generally asymptomatic. THE AIM: to study phenotype and genotype of patients' mothers with Dent's disease to exclude asymptomatic carrier of CLCN5 or OCRL gene mutations responsible for X-linked tubulopathy development. PATIENTS AND METHODS . We conducted clinical and molecular-genetic study of 9 mothers of 10 boys with Dent's disease from 8 unrelated families. Direct Sanger sequencing of CLCN5 and OCRL genes were carried out with genomic DNA of all patients and their mothers. RESULTS . Carrier status of Dent's disease 1 (n=7) and 2 types (n=2) was confirmed in all patients' mothers. The most prevalent features of Dent's disease in probands' mothers were decrease in phosphate reabsorption, hypophosphatemia, medullary nephrocalcinosis and progression to CKD 2 stage. Low molecular weight proteinuria and hypercalciuria were rare revealed in carrier females. Full phenotype of Dent's disease discovered in 2 cousins females carrier for Dent's disease 1 type. CONCLUSION . We found that all carrier females had phenotypic variation of Dent disease' symptoms. We speculate that revealed phenotype in carrier females for Dent disease might be a consequence of autosome translocation or nonrandom X chromosome inactivation. These data suggest that clinicians should consider a diagnostic evaluation of mothers of boys with Dent's disease to determine phenotype and early prevention of progression to chronic kidney disease.


Abstract : The first in-flight flying qualities experiment using the variable stability X-22A aircraft investigated longitudinal flying qualities requirements for STOL aircraft in terminal area operations. Emphasis was placed on defining minimum requirements for the short-term response in VFR and IFR landing approaches at representative steep STOL approach conditions of 65 and 80 knots. Evaluation flights were conducted in negligible and moderate turbulence for a wide range of short-term frequencies and dampings. Identification of the dynamics of the evaluation configurations was performed, to a large extent, by a new, advanced digital identification technique developed for the X-22A aircraft.


Summary The role of mononuclear phagocytes in acquired immunity resulting in the intraerythrocytic destruction and elimination of malarial parasites was investigated in the murine model of infection with Plasmodium chabaudi AS. Mice were treated 1 day before or 6 days after infection with agents which either result in augmentation or activation of the non–specific, microbicidal effector function of mononuclear phagocytes or in depletion of cells of this lineage. To examine the effect of agents which activate mononuclear phagocytes, A/J mice, which are susceptible to P. chabaudi AS and exhibit fulminant parasitaemia and death within 10 days of intraperitoneal infection with 106 P–RBC, were treated intravenously with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or liposome–encapsulated MDP–glycerol dipalmitate (MDP–GDP). Treatment administered 1 day before infection was ineffective. Treatment on day 6 post–infection with liposome–encapsulated MDP–GDP (1 ftg) resulted in a significant decrease in parasitaemia on day 8 and survival, while treatment with free MDP (100 ^g) resulted only in a significant decrease in parasitaemia. To examine the effect of depletion of mononuclear phagocytes, C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to P. chabaudi AS infection and eliminate the parasite by 4 weeks, were treated intravenously with 3 mg silica. Silica administered 1 day before or 6 days post–infection abrogated resistance resulting in a delay in elimination of the parasite and host mortality. Treatment on day 6 was more effective, with death by day 13 post–infection of 70% of the normally resistant C57BL/6 mice which exhibited fulminant parasitaemia levels. These results thus provide in–vivo evidence that mononuclear phagocytes play a critical role in the elimination of infection with the murine malaria species P. chabaudi AS. Furthermore, these results suggest that the time of administration of agents which alter mononuclear phagocyte function may be important in determining their effect on host antimalarial defences.


This paper describes various techniques to reduce the number of logic gates needed to implement the DES S-boxes in bitslice software. Using standard logic gates, an average of 56 gates per S-box was achieved, while an average of 51 was produced when non-standard gates were utilized. This is an improvement over the previous best result, which used an average of 61 non-standard gates.


The paper gives an account of the various sources of error which have been encountered during the development of the Bellini-Tosi system of wireless direction-finding as an aid to navigation in the British mercantile marine. These errors can be isolated and their causes removed one by one.The application of the instrument to the purposes of navigation is also dealt with, and the possible errors, external to the ship, which may be encountered- are considered.A table is attached showing the high degree of accuracy which has now been attained.


Based on the investigation of environmental and economic statistic data of China, the relationship between regional environmental quality and local economy-resources background was analyzed; the general situation of China structural pollution was investigated through comparison with several foreign countries. It was revealed that, severe macroeconomic structural pollution and structural resources waste have occurred in China due to long-term extensive economic development as well as lag technology and management. The average environment bearing load of China exceeds other under-development countries, even exceeds developed countries in several indexes of environment bearing load.


Introduction: The Biofinder is a non-invasive laser-based system, which takes advantage of the short lifetime of biofluorescent materials. This capability enables the Biofinder to detect biological materials in real-time (1 μs) within a wide area. Notably, the Biofinder separates biofluorescence from mineral luminescence, and operates in both daytime and nighttime conditions. The Biofinder instrument is capable of locating fluorescent polyaromatic hydrocarbons, amino acids, proteins, biominerals, photosynthetic pigments, microbial life and the diagenetic products of microbial life in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. In 2018, the Biofinder was approved by NASA to a technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 4. The overarching aim of this research is to detect biological materials in outer Solar System terrestrial and ocean world habitats. Therefore, to validate the Biofinder's ability to detect microbial life on igneous (basalt) rocks, results from the biofluorescence imagery were confirmed visually, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitatively using flow cytometry.


Due to their excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, bearing bushes made of aluminium bronze are widely used in pumps, heavy equipment and marine equipment. Aluminium bronze is also used in valve for tank to improve defence. This work aims to enhance the hardness of QAl10-3-1.5 extruded aluminium bronze by performing heat treatment at different solution temperature, quenchant, and aging temperature. The results show that when the aluminum content of the raw material is more than 9.4%, aluminum bronze after solution and aging treatment obtain a significant enhancement of hardness. The value of hardness can reach above 207HB, which meets the design requirements of drawings and improves the wear and corrosion resistance.


The management and use of drugs has clinical, economic, and environmental implications. Irrational use of drugs has been recognized not only as a cause of poor health outcomes but also an important factor of increased health care costs. Furthermore, irrational drug use also increases risks of medication errors, adverse drug reactions and events. World Health Organization (WHO) and the First International Conference on Improving Use of Medicines (ICIUM), held in Thailand in 1997, recommended regular drug use audits since detection of problems is the first step in evaluating the underlying causes before taking remedial action. A preliminary report of a baseline audit on rational drug use (ROU) carried out at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) between January and February 2009 using the WHOIDAP manual 'How to investigate drug use in healthfacilities' showed high incidences of irrational drug use in all the clinical areas. As part of the various strategies to combat irrational and inappropriate drug use, the department of pharmacy medicine and information centre, in collaboration with the clinical pharmacist, made medication interventions and repeated the audit to assess the impact on rational drug use. The audit utilized a cross-sectional study design with pre-intervention and post-intervention study arms. The clinical pharmacist took part in medical ward round on alternate days in the intervention wards and in the course of provision of "pharmaceutical care" made medication interventions which were classified using a scheme adapted from Hatoum et al,. The outcomes and the reason for the intervention were also recorded. One hundred and fifty six interventions were made in a period of one month. Interventions pertaining to unavailability of prescribed drugs were most frequent at 29.5%. Other interventions included; Clarification of treatment in cases where prescription was illegible (16.7%), Dose ,frequency and duration of treatment (14.1 %), Choice of treatment (11.5%), Adverse drug reaction or interaction (8.3%), Recommendation of alternative therapy (8.3%), Transcription error (5.1%), Administration or formulation or route (4.5%) and cost (2.6%). Only 1.3% of the interventions were rejected.


The papers in this issue exhibit very differing aspects of a common thread – ways of seeing. More specifically, how to see, interpret, material remains in archaeological contexts. Some of the papers present challenging ideas and perspectives, while one describes a fieldwork discovery that provides an unexpected new view. In the opening paper this issue, Nissim Amzallag takes a very detailed look at two figurines uncovered from the Chalcolithic Gilat site in Israel. The site belongs to the Ghassulian culture, and seems to mark changes in what the author calls its "universe of beliefs". As he records in his paper, his analysis of the figurines leads him to the conclusion that they represent an early "integrated representation of the phenomenon of procreation". And as we learn from the paper, to accept that interpretation it is necessary to enter into a very archaic mindset. The next paper, by Ulrich Magin, though on a different and more lighthearted tack, nevertheless also asks us to take a fresh look – this time at the ancient concept of genius loci. Using a contemporary perspective, he takes rumours of 'cryptocreatures' like the Loch Ness monster and shows how they can come to symbolise a place – in all sorts of ways. Next up is 'Histories of the Dead'. Using the example of a site in remote northern Norway, the authors challenge the sole use of historical narrative as a way of trying to understand a place, to reconstruct what went on there, by positing the use of other approaches too, such as interjecting fictional narrative along with the archaeological investigation in an attempt to "restore the particular" in the material being uncovered – details and possibilities that generalised patterns of narrative can overlook or distort. It is very much a philosophical piece. The next paper, 'New Over Old', brings us down to earth from such rarefied ruminations to an outstanding discovery inside a Neolithic monument on the Channel Island of Guernsey. By using special photographic software, the authors, Jelly and Nash, came to reveal a surprising fresh view of a prehistoric carving within the monument. Then we have a letter from a correspondent who wants someone to take a closer, archaeoastronomical, look at prehistoric features in his South Wales countryside, followed by a set of highly informed (as usual) book reviews. The themes involved this time include the various sensory and cognitive ways of reacting to landscapes, the beliefs, rituals, and sites of the archaic denizens of eastern North America, the relationship of beliefs with the disposition of monuments in archaic North Asia, and, finally, the representation of creatures in Early Medieval England and Scandinavia. TIME & MIND, 2016 VOL. 9, NO. 3, 177 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2016.1215803


Sanitary surveys, or profiling, is an appraisal tool designed to provide a human health risk assessment for specific shellfish harvesting areas. It has evolved from the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) concepts which first developed in the food processing industries to ensure appropriate 'sanitary' control of production steps which could involve a risk of contamination. The rationale for this approach is that, where the principal contamination risk derives from microbial pathogens, end-product testing of 'fresh' food may be impractical due to the timing of information delivery on pathogen concentration and the proportion of the product needing analysis. In such situations, HACCP is used to maintain product quality in food production and processing facilities. It is, therefore, a relatively small step to see this process transferred from the


Preliminary production functions are identified for alternative land treatments on Beaver Creek watersheds in northern Arizona. These treatments are designed to increase water yield within a multiple use framework that includes timber, wildlife habitat, herbage, recreation, sediment, and environmental quality. Total, average, and marginal economic concepts are used to demonstrate the most efficient way to manage an area for one output. Even without price information, a range of 'best' input combinations can be identified. To determine how an area can be managed for multiple products in the most efficient way, product-product functions were developed for water, timber, and herbage for five strip cutting alternatives. These functions indicate the supplementary, complementary, and competitive outputs obtained from a given expenditure. To account for the dynamic nature of production in the National Forests, outputs and costs were evaluated over a 90-year period.


Our goal is to estimate the rate of growth of a population governed by a stochastic model. We may choose n time points at which to count the number of individuals present, but due to detection difficulties, or con- straints on resources, we are able only to observe each individual with fixed probability p. We discuss the optimal times at which to make our n observations in order to maximize Fisher Information. For computa-tional and analytical reasons which will be discussed, we specifically focus on the cases n=1 and n=2, presenting both theoretical and nu-merical findings. This work focuses on the comparison of the specialties provided by the higher technological education regarding graduates' employment status and vocational prospects. A survey OR model is introduced consisting of original data collection from 5,183 Greek graduates cor-responding to 45 specialties through a structure questionnaire and tele- phonic interviews. Bivariate, multivariate, and cluster analysis identified the statistically significant differences, leading to findings and providing guidelines for the selection of a field of studies that leads to a more promising professional career. Using a game theoretical approach, we develop a pricing scheme that internalizes multiple traffic externalities. Further, we extend the single authority road pricing scheme to a scheme with multiple ac- tors/stakeholders or regions. Road users' interests are represented in the upper and the same level as the decision makers, thus, making them active players in the toll setting game. Having shown that pure Nash equilibrium (NE) toll may not exist among the stakeholders (with likely opposing objectives), we design a mechanism that induces NE which coincides with system optimum. data about the rolling stock location and status, communicate it to the server and other devices, and use it to avoid dangerous situations. The authors examine the means of communication between the embedded devices and their effectiveness. The authors review data analysis methods used to detect, predict and control undesirable rolling stock travel condi- tions. it is important to in groups, alone. together may force children to walk longer distances than those of their shortest paths. A multi-objective minimum cost flow problem is presented in which both the total walking distance and the total distance walked alone for chil- dren are minimized. Pareto optimal solutions show that the total distance walked alone can be greatly reduced by making children slightly deviate from their shortest paths. Heuristically obtained solutions for a real road network are also analyzed. (PLC) with a program on the basis of the adaptive control algorithms, smooth and precise braking of a train in multi-criteria motion conditions in single train anti-collision system. the development of a Road Departure Prevention Application. This application relies on the identi- fication and prediction of vehicle trajectories in order to provide in-advance warnings to drivers and therefore prevent deadly road acci- dents. Continuing with this work, we will present an application of a dynamic adaptive model evaluated with real and simulated data. Re- sults obtained are compared with previously implemented techniques.


The invention discloses a test circuit for testing the shielding performance of a shell of an optical module. The test circuit comprises a signal generator used for generating a test signal, a driving amplifier used for amplifying and outputting the test signal output by the signal generator and a radiating antenna used for radiating the test signal which is amplified and output by the driving amplifier. The invention also discloses a test system and method for testing the shielding performance of the shell of the optical module through the test circuit. According to the test circuit, system and method, the test circuit installed on the optical module is used for sending out the test signal, the test signal is received and analyzed, and whether the shielding performance of the shell of the optical module meets requirements is judged according to a comparison result between a signal strength change value and a preset value. By means of the test circuit, system and method, the shielding performance of the shell of the optical module can be effectively detected.


This paper is investigating stator current to detected balance weight faults and frequency component base on observations in the amplitude of sideband component between healthy and faulty compare with absolute statics and dynamics center of gravity. This paper apply Motor Current Signature Analysis(MCSA) method using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) algorithm. And show prime features of difference signal between healthy and faulty compressor. Finally also present the relations between center of gravity and fault amplitude sideband frequency components.


A monitoring apparatus using video data taken and outputted by a plurality of security imaging apparatuses for monitoring is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a display part configured to display the video data; an alarm generating part configured to analyze the video data and to generate an alarm in the case in which irregularities are detected in an imaging area on the security imaging apparatus; and a control part configured to conduct control in which the control part switches a display of a screen on the display part from a display of a screen in general monitoring to a display of a screen to display a taken image of the imaging area in which the irregularities are detected when the alarm generated in the alarm generating part is detected and returns the display to the display of the screen in general monitoring at a predetermined timing from the detection of the alarm.


Developing photovoltaic materials well balancing efficiency, stability, and cost is highly required for organic solar cells (OSCs) moving toward commercial applications. With such intention, two nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), 3TT11‐4F and 3TT46‐4F, with large steric hindrance substituents and linear/branched alkyl side chains are designed. The change of alkyl side chains from branched to linear leads to tighter π–π stacking and uniform molecular orientation for 3TT11‐4F, as revealed in single‐crystal structure, which further boosts the charge transport and regulates the aggregation property. Thus, a better efficiency of 15.02% is achieved in 3TT11‐4F‐based OSC with significantly improved photocurrent, relative to 3TT46‐4F‐based one (13.79%). Besides, the two NFREAs also enable good device stability with over 70% initial efficiencies maintained after 800 h illumination. Considering the low synthetic complexity, a high industrial figure‐of‐merit value of 16.34% is achieved for 3TT11‐4F‐based OSC, superior to some typical counterparts. The work provides a good reference for material design with an outstanding figure‐of‐merit.


In the middle ages bees held significant economic, social and cultural importance. Constant demand for wax was driven by Christian religious practice among many other uses, while honey provided the only widely accessible sweetener in an era before large-scale sugar imports. Consequently, beekeeping was a notable part of the rural economy, drawing on the participation of numerous groups across Europe, from peasants with only a few hives for small-scale production to specialized beekeepers producing for a thriving international trade. Analysis of a wide variety of documents from northern and southern Europe, shows the importance of beekeeping in the late medieval period, and the ways in which different environments and types of economic and social organization consequently gave rise to different forms of beekeeping. This paper demonstrates that beekeeping was not an isolated activity, but rather one which competed and conflicted with, and conflicted with, many other types of resource use from a variety of actors. As such, beekeeping provides a lens through which to consider human intervention in the natural environment, demonstrating the extent to which the medieval landscape was regulated, managed, mediated and anthropized.


Abstract Sandwich panels are used in many industries for the advantageous properties of high stiffness, good strength to weight ratio, and impact resistance. This paper investigates properties of thin-walled cores manufactured through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM); a process which, through a wider design space, could improve the functionality of sandwich panels. The bond strength between the layers of thin walls manufactured through FDM was evaluated through tensile testing. To measure the effect of modified manufacturing speeds, wall thicknesses were varied through the flow rate and nozzle speed. Honeycomb cores using FDM were produced with different toolpaths, and compared with an example of an industry standard Nomex honeycomb core. During tensile testing, thick-walled FDM components exhibited a more ductile failure with a lower yield point when compared to thinner specimens. The ultimate tensile stress remained constant across samples within each of the tested ABS and PLA polymers used. Honeycomb cores produced using FDM were found to have a higher compressive failure force than Nomex honeycomb, and a lower specific strength. The force–displacement curves of compressive failure show a ductile response for thick specimens, consistent with the previous result. These results, combined with the increased flexibility of additive manufacture technologies, could provide a method of manufacturing high strength cores with complex geometry.


Objective To study the resistance to acute reaction in composite tissue allotransplan-tation by shRNA interference from CD40 costimulatory molecule in rat lymphocytes. Methods The in-bred SD rats were chosen as donors and inbred Wistar rats as recipients. Twenty-seven recipients were divided into 3 groups randomly after allogeneic leg transplantation. On the day after transplantation, rats in group A were injected with 600 μL of Sofast-siCD40-2/pSilencer, rats in group B received 600 μL of Sofast-pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo, and rats in group C received injection of 600 μL of sodium chloride. The survival and rejection to grafts were observed. The rats which survived 7 days after operation were given the test of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MIR). Results The mean survival time of limb allografts in group A was obviously longer than that in the other two groups( P < 0.01 ) . Rejection to grafts was not observed in group A, but rejection e-merged shortly after transplantation in the other two groups. Rats in group A had a low reaction to the donors' lymphocytes. Conclusion Without any immnosuppressants, shRNA interference from CD40 costimula-tory molecule can resist acute rejection in limb allotransplantation in rats.

Key words:
Tissue; Transplantation; RNA interference; Graft survival; Graft rejection