This study aimed to develop a theoretical understanding of the factors predicting psychological morbidity in patients planning IVF treatments, using Leventhal et al.'s Self Regulation Model. Fifty patients attending assisted conception units completed a demographic questionnaire, the Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised, the Brief COPE and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results showed that mean anxiety and depression scores did not fall into the clinically significant range, although 42% of patients did score in the clinical range for anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regressions, examining the relationships between illness perceptions, coping and distress, revealed that both illness perceptions and coping strategies predicted anxiety and depression. Implications of the research are presented with suggestions for clinical interventions.


In this study, in order to develop low temperature sintering ceramics for thickness vibration mode multilayer piezoelectric transformer, system ceramics were fabricated using as sintering aids and their dielectric and piezoeletric properties were investigated according to the amount of addition. At the sintering temperature of addition of 0.1 wt%, density, grain size, thickness vibration mode eletromechanical coupling factor(), thickness vibration mode mechanical quality factor() and dielecteic constant() showed the optimum value of , 0.497, 3,162 and 209, respectively, for thickness vibration mode multilayer piezoelectric transformer application.ᤐ돀邰?⨀塨?⨀災?⨀돐遽?⨀롤잖⨀顽?⨀줏덐꡽?⨀젏ꠏ䩵ⵈ祵渻䑯ⵈ祵湧㭓慮札䡯㭅畮ⵙ潵湧㬀


This paper analyzes visitors' demand and estimates economic value for nature-based recreation in the Apalachicola River region in Florida using the travel cost method. This is of particular concern in Florida, where population density and number of annual tourists have risen dramatically and are projected to continue rising, putting pressure on natural areas to provide nature-based recreation. Five recreation areas were chosen for this study based on their level of development, access, and recreational opportunities. Fishing (25.7%), camping (16.5%), and hiking (13.9%) were most often rated as participants' most satisfying recreation activities. Those who find fishing and boating as the most satisfying recreational activities have higher trip demand in the Apalachicola River region. Of demographic variables, only education was a significant predictor of recreation trip demand, as frequent visitors are relatively less educated. The average economic value of nature-based recreation visits in the Apalachicola River region is $787.76 per trip. This relatively high amount is due to the higher amount multi-day trips typical to more undeveloped, pristine natural areas. When divided by the average number of days per trip, the amount is $74.18 per day. This is a relatively high value when compared to other studies; for example, an analysis of 30 years of outdoor recreation economic values revealed a value of $47.10 per day. Using the annual estimated recreation visits of 615,117 individuals, the aggregate economic value of the region is estimated to be $484.56 million, based mainly on the 87% of people who visit either Apalachicola National Forest (64%) and St. George Island State Park (23%). While increased development to increase visitors is important, the pristine, undeveloped state of the Apalachicola River region clearly creates a high demand and overall economic value for recreation in this region and should also be preserved. In addition, those who visit undeveloped sites also visit sites in the region regularly, so providing greater opportunities to access these areas and informing the public of their existence is also important.


In past years, China recorded a fast sustainable economic growth with an estimated average GDP growth rate of 9.7% in the period of 1980-2008, turning China into the world's second largest economy. With an export oriented economic model, China is the most attractive developing country for FDI flows, both short and long term. In this regard, China has been able to achieve a foreign exchange reserve of US$ 2.2 trillion, the world´s largest reserve currency. Around 50% of this huge reserve is being applied in American bonds, while the remaining supports Chinese health and social security systems, bank solvability, internationalization of their economy, investment in geostrategic positioning, and making foreign aid available to other developing countries. During the 2008 global crisis, China was able to resist better than other major world economies, benefitting from this downturn to implement policies to reduce its economic imbalances. One of these imbalances is the gap between Chinese FDI and OFDI, which is now progressively narrowing. In the near future, OFDI is expected to be larger than FDI, and in this paper, the authors research whether Chinese OFDI can be explained by existing theories or if a new theory is required.


did so in potentially more Machiavellian ways without publicly formulating a constitutional foundation for his action—or needing to—because he putatively follows a Progressive-era stance. Unfortunately, the chapter gives relatively short shrift to the fundamental philosophical differences between Bush and Obama on their constitutional understandings, and in particular, to Obama's controversial comments about the alleged deficiencies of the document. Nor does the chapter consider sufficiently the less savory ways that these two presidents sought to expand the reach of their power in sometimes dastardly extra-constitutional ways (via executive privilege, secrecy, re-writing or reinterpreting statutes, etc.) that have significant implications for the analysis. Part III of the book represents an intrepid, if somewhat underdeveloped, survey of current literature on the "public" or "plebiscitary" presidency and the legislative presidency. Many references to critical contemporary studies are missing in favor of book-length works that, while seminal, are becoming dated. As one example, discussion of divided government and legislative leadership is surprisingly circumscribed. Omitted is much recent research from archival and quantitative sources that has built on works by Charles M. Cameron, Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher, and George C. Edwards, III and details presidential strategy, ranging from vetoes and veto threats to relative legislative influence contingent upon historically contextual features of split-party control, such as levels of partisanship. These potential shortcomings are rather understandable given the magnitude of the literature reviewed, and should not detract from the larger view of what Professors Tatalovich and Schier have accomplished. The question with which we are left is whether the presidency has reached the "end of history." Professor Lowi notes in his foreword that the long "task of building the presidency is now complete" (xi) and the authors contend that "current political science analysis of the presidency supports the notion that the energetic executive of the twenty-first century is a Hamiltonian construction still rooted in constitutional foundations" (303). The relative solidity or tenuousness of those foundations, however, is the question with which we must struggle going forward. Professor Lowi's admonition that plebiscitary presidents are simultaneously the monarchs that the Founders feared, and "servants, in the worst sense" (xiii) subject to the whims of a capricious and impatient electorate, should give significant pause to the future trajectory of presidential power and scholarly assessments of potentially waning links to original constitutional intent.


The very big result in the enterprise voluntary cleaner production auditing has been obtained since cleaner production was carried out in our country, and our country has been generally acknowledged as in the best development country for cleaner production. More and more key enterprises have implemented the cleaner production auditing in recent years. The work for cleaner production has been done in recent ten years. With the annunciating key enterprises from each province environment protection hall for recent years, cleaner production auditing has been done by thousands of enterprises involving in more than twenty industries. Through the key enterprises of compulsory auditing of exploration and practice, this article on the key enterprises of compulsory cleaner production auditing need, innovation, implementation of status and elaborating the problems.


The main goal of this article is to assist researchers to use various written and audiovisual materials. preserved at the two major archives in St....


Reconstruction of a congenitally absent left breast and pectoralis major muscle was performed on a 17-year-old woman by subcutaneous insertion of silicone gel breast and custom-made silicone gel pectoralis major implants. Subsequently, a superior result was obtained using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap and a submuscular prosthesis.


In transgenic pig production for generating animal models of human diseases, apoptosis of an early implantation embryo disturbs the transgenic pig production. Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESC) and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) have an advantage for the generation of transgenic pigs; however, porcine stem cells have not yet been established. In addition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a critical role in embryo development and apoptosis. Thus, in this study we generated pESC and pIPSC and further examined the changes in EMT and apoptotic markers. We cultured pESC and piPSC in pESC media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), doxicyclin, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and performed RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase (AP) test to measure pluripotency markers. The RT-PCR results show that OCT-4, NANOG, and SOX2 were expressed in these stem cells, characteristic of stem cells. AP-positive cells were observed in pESCs and piPSC. In addition, we performed immunocytochemistry (ICC) to examine the expression of surface markers, such as SSEA-1 and SSEA-4. We found that pESC and piPSC expressed these markers, indicating that they have a stem cell property similar to rodent and human stem cells. Second, we treated pESC and piPSC with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to examine the relationship between EMT and apoptotic markers, and confirmed a significant variation of EMT and apoptotic markers, i.e. bcl-2, bax, E-cadherin, and vimentin, by Western blot analysis. In a future study, we will examine the effect(s) of various endocrine hormones secreted by the ovary, such as E2 or P4, on the expressions of EMT and apoptotic markers in pESC and piPSC. Consequently, this study will contribute to elucidate underlying mechanism(s) of EMT and apoptosis by endocrine factors to prevent early apoptosis of pig embryos in these porcine stem cells. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ009599), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.


The invention relates to a semiconductor chip (1) with flip-chip contacts (2), wherein the flip-chip contacts (2) to contact areas (3) of the active top side (4) of the semiconductor chip (1) are arranged. The contact surfaces (3) are of a passivation layer (5) surrounded containing the active top side (4) covered while leaving the contact areas (3). The passivation layer (5) has thickened portions (6) which surround the contact areas (3). Such a semiconductor chip (1) having thickened portions (6) around the contact surfaces (3) is protected to a semiconductor device in the packaging of the semiconductor chip (1) before delamination.


Hydrogen bonds (i.e., N+–H⋯N) in combination with cation⋯π interactions enable a cascade-like [2 + 2] photodimerization of 4-stilbazole in a salt cocrystal.


OBJECTIVE
To study the nerve electromyogram results by analysing the pathological characters of 4 cases diagnosed as peripheral neuropathy caused by n-hexane and arsenic.

METHODS
The nerve electromyogram examination and pathology data of 4 patients, who had been diagnosed as toxic chemicals peripheral neuropathy, were studied retrospectively.

RESULTS
Two patients in this group were exposed to n-hexane, their nerve electromyogram examinations and biopsy pathology of superficial peroneal nerve indicated the peripheral neuropathy was mainly manifests the lesion of medullary sheath. Another two patients were exposed to arsenic, their nerve electromyogram examinations showed axonal degeneration associated with demyelination, and their biopsy pathology showed the peripheral neuropathy was mainly axonal degeneration.

CONCLUSION
Axonal degeneration and demyelination always coexist in peripheral neuropathy caused by chemicals.


with Egyptian evidence, the most suitable comparison. A paper by Funari explores the origins of one staple commodity, olive oil from Spain, to the British legions, and confirms some of Whittaker's findings. Funari argues that there was a cultural or Romanizing function in its consumption, but to suggest, as he does, that its use was a 'statement of allegiance' perhaps pushes the limits of credibility. Papers by Wierschowski (in German) and Rodriguez consider the economic impact of the legions in Germany and Baetica. Wierschowski confines his study to the first century A.D., basing it on an exhaustive study of literary evidence and an extensive survey of modern literature. Rodriguez considers the 'interdependence' of Baetica and Germania. Yet again, Spanish olive oil is the subject of export, this time to Germania, but Rodriguez stresses the input of administrative officials in Rome, especially the praefectus annonae, in a centrally directed system. Finally, a paper by Konen assesses the impact of Roman navies on the provinces in which they were based, focusing on the classes Alexandrina, Brittanica and Germanica. He considers recruitment and the role of the navy in transport. The final part contains three papers on the provinces of Africa and the East. Morizot (in French) delivers a broad survey of the economic impact of the army in Africa, and his paper stands apart from the others in that it is the only one to consider (perhaps too briefly) the negative aspects of Roman occupation. Roth examines Judaea and Palestine, and suggests that, although the archaeological evidence for the military presence in the region is not as good as that of Western provinces, the impact of the army was just as profound. Finally, Alston studies the supply of frontier troops in the sixth and seventh centuries A.D., and attempts to assess local economic and political networks. He focuses on the early sixth-century Patermouthis archive from Elephantine in Egypt and evidence from Oxyrhynchos, as well as offering a survey of archaeological evidence for the East generally. He concludes that the military reforms of Justinian do not seem to have had a profound impact on either the status of soldiers in the region or its economy. This is a valuable collection of papers, but in such a volume there are bound to be gaps. We would like to know more, for example, about private transactions of soldiers, ownership of land and land-use generally, the role of the army in the public sphere, and in tax collection among other matters. There is surprisingly no treatment of the large amount of Egyptian evidence from the early imperial period. But these are small points, and we cannot expect everything to be covered. Erdkamp and the other contributors are to be commended for such a useful collection of papers.


Image enhancement is an important part of image processing, affected by the process of image acquisition, transformation, transmission, etc., the image quality will be reduced, the subsequent processing will be limited by the problems. Based on the characteristic of texture enhancement and noise suppression, fractional differentiation operation has been used in image processing, since it can not only strengthen the high and middle frequency components of the signal, but also can preserve the low frequency components. The paper designs an improved image enhanced operator based on the combination of fractional differentiation and interpolating operation called the maximum of interpolating operation fractional differentiation (MIOFD). Experiments show that the texture and edges of the images processed by MIOFD are enhanced. The enhancement is better than the integer differentiation, compared with traditional fractional differentiation, our method can preserve non-node pixels information and enlarge the difference of details, also makes the enhancement better.


In the last few years, the fields of utopian studies and memory studies have independently developed an interest in how a concern with the past can inform the imagining of alternative futures. Both fields have interrogated the present possibility of utopian projects that look beyond the confines of the current socioeconomic order, a possibility that has been under pressure since the rise of neoliberalism in the 1980s. Elliott Hall's dystopian noir thriller The Rapture (2010), which is part of his Strange trilogy, offers an acute diagnosis of the difficulties besetting themobilization ofmemory for a utopian future. At the same time, the novel shows that one particular element in the discourse of memory studies, the notion of "trauma," can play a vital role in restoring the conditions under which the utopian imagination can flourish again.


This paper introduces a method used for code synchronization in direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) systems when the receiver is equipped with a smart antenna followed by the matched filter (MF). The presented method first estimates the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the DS-signal, then performs beamforming, and finally makes synchronization decision based on the maximum output of the MF. Because the amount of data needed in DOA estimation depends on the prevailing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the proposed method operates iteratively. The method starts by collecting a piece of data for DOA estimation. Due to the inaccurate DOA estimation, the main beam of the radiation pattern may be steered to erroneous direction and code acquisition may be failed. After a fail more data is collected and the accuracy of DOA estimate improves. This process is repeated until DOA and delay estimation succeeds. The results show that it is advantageous to start by collecting only a small amount of data for DOA estimation because the shortest mean acquisition times are achieved in that case


In this paper, the electromechanical displacements of curved actuators such as THUNDER are calculated by finite element method to design the optimal configuration of curved actuators. To predict the pre-stress in the device due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion, the adhesive as well as metal and PZT ceramic is also numerically modeled by using hexahedral solid elements. Because the modeling of these thin layers causes the numbers of degree of freedom to increase, large-scale structural analyses are performed in a cluster system in this study. The curved shape and pre-stress in the actuator are obtained by the cured curvature analysis. The displacement under the piezoelectric force by an applied voltage is also calculated to compare the performance of curved actuator. The thickness of metal and adhesive, the number of metal layer are chosen as design factors.


We consider the kinetics of an irreversible reaction at the sites of an infinite, uniform, 1D polymer chain with first and second nearest neighbor (nn) cooperative effects. The special cases with just nn cooperative effects, and with nn blocking and general second nn cooperative effects have previously been solved exactly. For the latter case, we present several new results for highly autoinhibitory and autocatalytic rates. The general problem cannot be solved exactly but we apply the techniques of the preceding paper, which for this process exploit a shielding property of quadruples of unreacted sites, to obtain approximate solutions. Various cooperativity regimes are considered.


Many factors can lead to the decay of stone monuments,and the accelerating rate of deterioration due to serious air pollution has attracted the extensive attention of conservators.A precise diagnosis of the problem is the prerequisite to the stone conservation.In recent years,multidisciplinary approaches and new technologies have been introduced into the research on decay mechanisms.Furthermore,research on the causes of stone decay has progressed from consideration of qualitative aspects to quantitative ones.Research involving geological investigation,simulation test and on-site field exploration has been carried out.However,the conclusions from these studies are sometimes leading to inconsistent or even completely opposite conclusions because of different test conditions.This paper summarizes current test conclusions.Uniform test standards can guarantee that the researchers' results are comparable,and in this way form a basis for research on decay mechanisms.Non-destructive analytical methods are particularly important.Laboratory simulation,which usually forms the basis for analysis of stone decay,has the limitation of time and dimensional scale.Therefore,long-term exposure test should be the way of the future.In the end,solid scientific analysis of the decay mechanisms will lead to effective preventive measures.


This article invites us to carry out some Reflections on a kind of succession, which despite being prohibited by National legislation, could work in some cases where Justifies the ordinary classes of succession, knowing and valuing the Advantages of the so-called succession contract. They are concrete reasonings as they respond to the complex Phenomenon of providing a new way of happening to the person Deceased respecting his will to dispose, in life, of his patrimony Obtaining an economic benefit, unless it has obligations Their status as spouse and father or mother, where appropriate, of Incapacitated children who are economically dependent on the causative. We are going to explain that the ordinary classes to happen, contemplated in The civil code, imply limitations to the property right that the Their heritage, favoring, in many cases, Legitimat


Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the non-malignant enlargement of the prostate. Estimation of Prostate volume and dimensions contribute significantly to the management of BPH. Correlations between the trans-abdominal and trans-rectal ultrasound methods in estimating prostate volume this needs to be further investigated by a larger sample size.


Can suppress the amount of gas generated by the heating, plumbing member used in fluid transport of organic material such as fuel, container, in applications such as a tube, without impairing the excellent barrier property against polyarylene sulfide resin fluid original organic, to provide a multilayer molded article exhibiting excellent adhesion with other resin components. Specifically, polyarylene sulfide resin, obtained by co-extrusion and polyarylene sulfide resin composition which is an aromatic epoxy resin and a thermoplastic elastomer as essential components, a thermoplastic resin having a specific functional group, the a multilayer molded article having a multilayer structure is, the polyarylene sulfide resin, diiodo aromatic compounds are those that can be obtained by a process comprising reacting in a molten mixture containing elemental sulfur and a polymerization inhibitor It relates to a multilayer molded article.


This paper proposes a linear‐time repulsive‐force‐calculation algorithm with sub‐linear auxiliary space requirements, achieving an asymptotic improvement over the Barnes‐Hut and Fast Multipole Method force‐calculation algorithms. The algorithm, named random vertex sampling (RVS), achieves its speed by updating a random sample of vertices at each iteration, each with a random sample of repulsive forces. This paper also proposes a combination algorithm that uses RVS to derive an initial layout and then applies Barnes‐Hut to refine the layout. An evaluation of RVS and the combination algorithm compares their speed and quality on 109 graphs against a Barnes‐Hut layout algorithm. The RVS algorithm performs up to 6.1 times faster on the tested graphs while maintaining comparable layout quality. The combination algorithm also performs faster than Barnes‐Hut, but produces layouts that are more symmetric than using RVS alone. Data and code: https://osf.io/nb7m8/


Residual solvents in pharmaceuticals (commonly known as organic volatile impurities or OVIs) are organic volatile chemicals that are either used or produced during the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients, and drug products. Organic solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene frequently used in pharmaceutical industry for the manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). GMP conditions commands to control adequately the quality of APIs. A selective Gas Chromatographic (GC) method has been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for residual solvent analysis in 16 different APIs. Residual solvents in APIs were monitored using gas chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionisation detector (FID). The separation was carried out on VB-624 column (30m X 0.53mm i.d. X 3µm coating thickness), using GC 17A Shimadzu, with Helium as carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible for the quantitation of acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene at residual level from intermediates and APIs.


The research follows a quantitative approach supported by qualitative approach whit descriptive and quasi-experimental design method. In this research, the objectives were set: to study whether students' skills in variational and didactic thinking improve with the use of a pre-calculus course using a virtual platform with respect to traditional teaching; examine the influence on development of mathematical thought and its teaching; as well as to analyzewhich type of students obtains better results in relation to their level of digital competence. The following advances have been obtained: the experimental group has obtained a statistically significant improvement of its interpretive and mathematical thinking skills with respect to the control group.


Two ternary-layered chalcogenides, MnBi4S7 (1) and FeBi4S7 (2), have been synthesized by using a conventional solid-state reaction method with sealed evacuated quartz tubes. The two isostructural compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/m (12), with unit cell parameters (1/2) a = 12.916(12)/12.823(19) A, b = 3.970(3)/3.987(6) A, c = 11.0397(15)/11.878(18) A, β = 104.755(14) /104.38(2), and Z = 2 at room temperature. The remarkable structural features of these are the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (1D HAF) chain, 1∞[XS6], and the two-dimensional [Bi2S3] and [MBi2S4] layers built up from the 1D 1∞[XS6] chain, 1∞[BiS6], and 1∞[BiS5] double chains. Magnetic property measurements indicate strong predominance of antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions, with Neel temperatures (TN) of 31 K for 1 and 67 K for 2, respectively. The density functional theory (DFT) study indicates that both compounds are indirect-band semiconductors with band gaps of 0.79 eV for 1 and 1.24 eV for 2, respectively.


Shortest path tree (SPT) is the most widely-used multicast tree type due to its simplicity and low per-destination cost. An SPT is constructed by the union of the shortest paths from the source node to each destination. However, SPT does not consider overall network resource utilization. We propose a destination-driven shortest path tree algorithm, which aims to construct a low-cost SPT by considering link sharing between different destinations. The computational complexity of the presented algorithm is O(|E|log|V|), where |E| and |V| are the number of edges and nodes in a network respectively. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the high performance of the proposed algorithm.


Though lean manufacturing has been widely recognised for its effectiveness in continuously improving productivity, product quality, and on-time delivery to customers, the cost for hiring a full-time lean manufacturing engineer has kept many small businesses from implementing lean in their facilities. This paper presents a case study of lean implementation at a small manufacturer in the United States. Starting with collecting process information, a current value-stream map was created that reflected the current operation status. A future value stream map was then proposed to serve as a guide for future lean activities. Next, hurdles that kept the company from moving towards future state were identified. The '5 whys' method was employed to reveal the root cause for each hurdle, followed by kaizen events proposed as solutions. In this case study, two kaizen events were proposed. For the first kaizen event, Taguchi experiment design was used to find the optimal machining parameters that reduced variation in a plasma cutting process. It consequently eliminated rework time and improved productivity. In the second kaizen event, implementation of rabbit chasing increased the system flexibility and consequently reduced inventory levels between work stations.


The article reveals the essence of the "marketing risk" category. The main types of risk associated with the introduction of innovations at telecommunications enterprises are considered. The main causes of risks in the field have been identified of telecommunications. The algorithm of the marketing risk management process of telecommunications enterprises is presented.


Taking the debate that initiated in revising the original judgment of Liu-yong organized criminal case as background, this paper studies deeply some macroscopical problems which should be replied urgently concerning Chinese criminal justice reform, and then make such following views. Criminal justice reform should surmount appropriately the idea of the public, but the idea of the public should be considered while deciding the reform route. Chinese criminal justice reform should learn more from continental inquisitional system .We should emphasize the details of reform,ensure its feasibility and actual effect. Impartiality is more important than justice. We should mould judicial authority by establishing judicial independence and raising judicial quality.


The main purpose of human pose estimation is to estimate the size, position or orientation of the human body parts within the digital scene information. The estimation technique is directly influenced by the type of image feature to be used, its model representation and also the application of the system. This work focuses on estimating the size and position of the upper human body parts (head, torso and arms) in image sequences. Silhouette, edge and colour are selected as input features and are extracted using wavelet-based feature extraction. The pose of the head and the torso are estimated using histogram technique while the pose of the arms are estimated using template matching technique. The estimated pose of the upper body parts are then represented using rectangle shape. The performance of the pose estimation is measured in terms of correct size and correct position.


Pitch angle control is the most famous way to control the aerodynamic torque; it's required to regulate the power of the wind turbine and to reduce the dynamic loads which affect the turbine life time when wind speed is increased above the rated value. This paper discusses a dynamic model of the aggregated system which consists of the nacelle components: the mechanical system and the generator. A mathematical model of the system is driven. LQ controller is designed to control the pitch angle of a 850 KW variable speed wind turbine, at Zafarana site Egypt which is used in the simulation. The results show good agreement between the simulation and the actual turbine performances. و تشيشنا هػ ةشثؤنا يىقنا يف ىكذتنا قشط شهشأ ني تيئاىهنا ثانيبشتهن تشيشنا هيجىت تيواص شييغت يف ىكذتنا شبتؼي ىكذتنا يف وذختسي ىهف لنزن ,حايشنا تػشس نػ تجتاننا هػ شثؤت يتنا تيكييانيذنا لادلأا ميهقت و تقاطنا ذينىت يف .تيناؼنا حايشنا ثاػشس ذنػ يف ةذؼهن يضاشتفلاا شؼنا عىن ني ىكذتي ىيصت ىتي ىث ,نيبسىتهن يكيناكينا و يبشهكنا واظنهن غجنا يضايشنا جرىننا ثذبنا ازه لوانتي هنيبشتن تشيشنا هيجىت تيواص يف ىكذتهن طخنا ةسذق ثار 058 هػ تناشفػضنا غقو ةدىجىنا و تػشسنا ةشيغتي ثاو ك يىسنا جيهخ س غقىي يف ةدىجىنا تنيبسىتنا و يضايشنا جرىننا نيب جئاتننا تنساقب و .تيبشؼنا شصي تيسىهجب .واذختسلان جرىننا تيدلاص نؼي اي جئاتننا يف ذيذش بساقت دىجو خضتي تناشفػضنا


Abstract 4819

The Eph receptors are found in a wide range of cancers and correlate with metastasis. However, their precise role in cancer has only started to be addressed. In this study, we investigated the role of Eph-A4 receptor in metastasis and invasive activity of myeloid leukemia cells. We fisr tested the expression of Eph-A4 in eight primary myeloid leukemias imclulding four with extramedullary metastasis and four without it, and leukemia cell line K562 by Real-time PCR and western blotting, then found that Eph- A4 was wildly expressed in myeloid Leukemia cells, especially in myeloid leukemia cells with high invasive activity. To further clarified the question, the stable over-expressing Eph-A4 cell line (K562-EphA4) based the wild K562 cell and pGC lentivirus vector were established to declare the metastasis and invasive activity in myeloid leukemia cells in vitro by trans-well migration assay. The results indicated that the mRNA level and protein expression of Eph-A4 were significantly increased in myeloid leukemias with extramedullary metastasis and K562 cells compared to those without it ( P <0.05).After we successfully established the stable over-expressing Eph-A4 cell line, we verified its mRNA level and protein expression were both significantly increased (( P <0.05).Furthermore, RhoA and Rac1/cdc42, which are important adhesion molecules and related to metastasis and invasive activity were both highly expressed in K562-EphA4 cells compared to wild K562 cells ( P <0.05). Moreover, the trans-well migration assay showed that cells that migrated to lower chambers and matrigel hydrogel were both increased in K562-EphA4 cells compared to wild K562 cells (5.22±2.11*104/ml vs 13.56±2.70*104 /ml P <0.000;18.07±3.15/cm2 vs 28.53±2.50/cm2 P <0.000 respectively). Our findings suggest that Eph- A4 is likely to play an important role in the regulation the of myeloid Leukemia through the control of RhoA and Rac1/cdc42 associated signaling, migration and invasive activity, and therefore may represent a novel target for cancer treatment.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


According to the risk management process of financial markets,a financial risk dynamic system is constructed in this paper.Through analyzing the basic dynamic properties,we obtain the conditions for stability and bifurcation of the system based on Hopf bifurcation theory of nonlinear dynamic systems.In order to make the system's chaos disappear,we select the feedback gain matrix to design a class of chaotic controller.Numerical simulations are performed to reveal the change process of financial market risk.It is shown that,when the parameter of risk transmission rate changes,the system gradually comes into chaos from the asymptotically stable state through bifurcation.The controller can then control the chaos effectively.


Between 1996 and 2006 in NSW, there was a 50 per cent increase in the number of police-recorded assaults occurring on hospital premises. Many features of hospital assaults remained stable across this time period. On any given day of the week, most hospital assaults occurred between 3-9pm. Both the person of interest (POI) and the victim were most often male, with the POI (average age of 32.0 years) slightly younger than the victim (average age of 35.9 years). In over two-thirds of all hospital assaults, the victim was previously unknown to the POI (i.e. stranger assaults). In situations where the POI and victim were unknown to each other, the victim was most often either a hospital staff member or police officer. In contrast, where the victim was either a patient or visitor, they were more likely to be assaulted by someone they knew (e.g. a friend or family member). However, from 1996 to 2006 there were also some notable changes, in particular a clear decrease in the proportion of recorded assaults that resulted in injuries to the victim, a significant increase in the number of mental health-related hospital assaults and a significant decrease in the proportion of alleged hospital assaults that resulted in legal proceedings.


The right recognition of the risk in the real estate finance is very important to the real estate and the finance system Risk in the real estate is extensive The main content involves credit risk,fluidness risk,quality risk of the capital


What interactions are sufficient to simulate arbitrary quantum dynamics in a composite quantum system? Dodd [Phys. Rev. A 65, 040301(R) (2002)] provided a partial solution to this problem in the form of an efficient algorithm to simulate any desired two-body Hamiltonian evolution using any fixed two-body entangling N-qubit Hamiltonian, and local unitaries. We extend this result to the case where the component systems are qudits, that is, have D dimensions. As a consequence we explain how universal quantum computation can be performed with any fixed two-body entangling N-qudit Hamiltonian, and local unitaries.


Speech is the most natural and convenient approach of communication and speech synthesis technology is a kind of import application in Human-machine interaction system. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis technology. The two basic parts of speech synthesis technology are natural language processing (NLP) and digital signal processing (DSP). To the part of NLP, some important steps are pre-processing, morphological analysis, contextual analysis, syntactic-prosodic analysis, phonetization and prosody generation. To the part of DSP, two types of synthesis methods are rule-driven methods and data-driven methods. Some important synthesis approaches of DSP such as articulatory synthesis, formant synthesis, concatenative synthesis, unit selection synthesis, HMM synthesis and DNN synthesis are introduced. Finally, these approaches of speech synthesis are compared briefly. The technical trends of TTS and some hot spots of its applications in the future are discussed.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of lipoic acid on treating diabetic neurogenic bladder( DNB),and to explore the influence of it on oxidative stress. Methods Eighty patients with DNB were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 40 patients in each group. All the patients were given hypoglycemic and other common treatment. Patients in observation group were given lipoic acid on the basic treatment for 21 days. The postvoiding residue of bladder,the urodynamic parameters and clinical effect of the two groups were compared,and the superoxide dismutase( SOD) level was measured before and after the treatment. Results The postvoiding residue of bladder after therapy were both decreased significantly than those before treatment in the two groups( P 0. 05),all the urodynamic parameters of the two groups after treatment were better than before( P 0. 05). After treatment,the postvoiding residue of bladder,maximum flow rate( MFR),maximum bladder pressure volume( VMBC),maximum urinary flow rate when detrusor pressure( PQmax) in observation group were significantly better than those of control group( P 0. 05). The total efficiency of observation group was significantly better than that of control group( P 0. 01). The SOD level in observation group after treatment was higher than before treatment( P 0. 05); after treatment the SOD level in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Lipoic acid can significantly improve the postvoiding residue of bladder,urodynamic parameters and the symptoms in patients with DNB. Lipoic acid can improve the capability of anti-oxidative stress,which provides a theoretical basis for lipoic acid treatment on DNB.


The invention belongs to the technical field of Turnbull's blue synthesis and nano-materials and relates to a magnetic nano-Turnbull's blue and its preparation method and use. The preparation method of the magnetic nano-Turnbull's blue comprises that an iron imidazole magnetic ion-containing liquid and a potassium ferricyanide aqueous solution undergo a reaction in a solvent with magnetic stirring; and reaction products are separated and purified so that the magnetic nano-Turnbull's blue is obtained. The preparation method has simple processes and strong controllability, is suitable for large-scale production and has good application prospects.


Driven by such special needs as "individuation, fashion and beauty", the production model of the new retail enterprise is gradually moving towards multiple varieties and small batches, which makes the variety of ornaments and toys in the retail stores in the shopping malls more dazzling, and at the same time, makes inventory management in the retail industry more difficult. How to give an accurate demand forecast based on the historical sales data with complex levels and various categories at the regional level, small category level and even the store skc (single monochrome) level is a problem that most new retail enterprises need to focus on and think about. First of all, we study the impact of various related factors on the sales volume of the target skc during the four holidays of National Day, Double Eleven, Double Twelve and New Year's Day in 2018. We first reviewed the literature and data to identify the influencing factors. We believe that factors such as product characteristics, inventory information and holidays will affect the sales volume. Secondly, we test the correlation coefficient of Pearson and Spearman on the sales volume and each factor, and obtain the correlation strength between each factor and the price, we think that those with strong correlation have a greater impact on the sales volume. Finally, we get the specific impact of each factor on the sales volume through regression fitting between each relevant factor and the sales volume. Secondly, we need to forecast the sales volume of a given region's target subcategory every month for three months, give the average absolute percentage error between each and the forecast value, and forecast the top ten subcategories of sales volume at the same time, first, we analyze the data and adopt the neural network model to forecast, give the monthly forecast data, and consider the impact of relevant factors, so that the results are more accurate. Finally, the monthly forecast value of MAPE is given.


The signals of the neutral top-pion $\pi^{0}_{t}$ at the first muon collider (FMC) are discussed by calculating its contributions to the processes $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}\longrightarrow b\bar{b}$ and $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}\longrightarrow \bar{t}c$. We find that the contributions to the process $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}\longrightarrow b\bar{b}$ are very small and the ratio of signal over square root of the background ($S/\sqrt{B})$ is smaller than 0.2. However, in most of the parameter space, the $\pi^{0}_{t}$ can generate 36 and up to 649 observable $\bar{t}c$ events at the FMC. The signals of the neutral top-pion $\pi^{0}_{t}$ may be detected via the process $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}\longrightarrow \bar{t}c$ at the FMC.


With rapid industrialization all over the world, pollution is on the increase and India is no exception. One of the modes through which pollutants enter the biosphere is that of industrial effluents. A variety of synthetic dyestuffs released by the textile industry pose a threat to environmental safety. Novel dye-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from textile effluent and soil samples collected from Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu. Taxonomic identification including morphological and cultural characterization indicated that isolates was capable of decolorizing direct dyes efficiently. Four bacterial strains screened out of total 11 isolates and they were able to decolorize direct dye Direct Red 23 cultured in nutrient broth containing 100ppm direct dyes. The decolourization percentage was found to be ranging from 67% 85% among the four isolates . The isolates were used to prepare a consortium and develop an efficient microorganism (EM) solution. Then this EM solution is used for the decolourization of textile effluents and the percentage color removal was 70%. Hence EM methodology can be effectively used for decolourising textile effluents.


......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ xii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background Information ................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................ 3 1.3 Research Objectives .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.1General Objective ............................................................................................ 5 1.3.2Specific objective ............................................................................................ 5 1.4 Research Questions ........................................................................................... 5 1.5 The Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 5 1.6 Organization of the dissertation ........................................................................ 6 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................... 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................. 7 2.1 Computerized accounting system ...................................................................... 7


are in the midst of what Toffler (Mead, 1996) has termed the information age, with a third shift in the U.S. vocational landscape. We have moved from an agrarian economy to an industrial-based economy and now into a data-driven, super high-speed, information-processing economy that Toffler terms the information revolution. The United States leads the world in state-of-the-art computing technology and software design and production. A recent report, America's Children and the Information Superhighway (1996), noted that while in 1984 only 25% of workers used computers on the job, the figure had risen to 47% by 1993. Today, well over half of the existing jobs require some degree of information and technological literacy. It is estimated that in the year 2000, 60% of the new jobs will require technological skills possessed by only 22% of the young people entering the labor market! A 1993 study reported that a shocking 80% of all school computers were considered to be "obsolete" (America's Children and the Information Superhighway, 1996). Moore (1992) examined computer applications by Arkansas school counselors as part of his doctoral research. He sent 1,174 surveys to school counselors employed in the 1989-90 school year and received 781 (67%) responses. Next he chose a subsample of counselors and found that about 30% of the counselors were using computers for counseling-related tasks. Sabella (1996) offered school counselors specific time-saving tips and showed how personal computers could easily automate and expedite routine tasks and help counselors easily manage heavy workloads. There is little doubt that the computer can represent a powerful tool for performing many counseling-related tasks, but little is known about the extent to which school counselors are using this tool in their work. The present study sought to investigate computer utilization among school counselors in the Commonwealth of Kentucky in an attempt to determine the extent to which computers were being used in the schools. Two hundred public schools with at least one counselor on staff were randomly selected from among the public schools listed in the Kentucky School Directory. The pool consisted of 50 elementary, 50 middle, 50 secondary, and 50 vocational schools. Of the 200 surveys mailed, 92 completed surveys were returned, representing a return rate of 46%. Of these, 68 were completed by female (73.9%) and 24 by male respondents (26.1%). The age of all respondents ranged from 29 to 58 years (M = 43.1 years, SD = 6.93 years). Instrument The instrument used to collect data was a 19-item survey developed for the purpose of soliciting information from school counselors in two general areas. The first area solicited information about the counselors as well as their experience in education and in counseling. The second area solicited information regarding the availability and current use of computers by school counselors. Specifically, the instrument was used to determine (a) the availability and type of computer equipment provided or available to the school counselor, (b) whether the respondent had and used a computer at home, (c) the amount of time a computer was used each week in job-related work, (d) the nature and type of the work performed, (e) the level of skill and confidence the respondent had in using a computer, (f) the degree to which a computer was seen as enhancing the productivity of the counselor, and (g) the type of software applications most frequently used. Procedure After selecting the 200 public schools within the state, the Computer Utilization Survey (CUS) was mailed to each school along with a request that the survey be completed by the school counselor and returned in a self-addressed and stamped envelope. All data were collected during a 5-week period during March and April of 1996. The responses to each of the 19 items were then tabulated. Following initial examination of the responses, three of the items (#11 relating to weekly computer usage, #14 relating to computer confidence, and #15 relating to enhanced productivity) were statistically evaluated to determine if significant differences existed among the elementary, middle, and secondary respondents using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). …


Social gender tells about the personality traits, roles and responsibilities defined socially for women and men in the society. Social gender roles, on the other hand, tell about the roles that are considered to be related with men and women in a traditional way. Social gender role includes the personality traits and behaviors that are considered to be proper for men and women in a cultural manner. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the students at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, on social gender roles, and examine the factors that are effective on these attitudes. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and was conducted at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine between the dates December 2014 - March 2015. Written approval was received from Malatya Clinical Researches Ethics Board and Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine in order to conduct the study. The minimum sampling size formula was calculated for the 1298 students studying at Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine. The minimum sampling size was found as 328. Half of the students were selected randomly from the class lists at the beginning of the study. 684 students were included in the study. The questionnaire form which included the "Attitude Scale on Social Gender Roles" (ASGR), whose first part was developed by the socio-demographic properties of the participants, and the second part developed by the researcher, was used as the data collection tool. This scale consists of 38 Items. The highest points that may be received from the scale is 190 and the lowest is 38. Receiving high points means having an egalitarian attitude. There are five sub-dimensions of the scale and they are; egalitarian gender, woman gender, gender at marriage, traditional gender and male gender roles. In statistical analyses of the data for the independent variables, the Man Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis Test (Post Hoc Bonferroni) were used. The mean age of the participant students was 22±2,23. 40, 8% of the participants were male, and 59,2% were female. The average of the total points of the students received from the Attitude Scale on Social Gender Roles was found as 139 (min 53-max 185). It was determined that female students had meaningfully more egalitarian attitude with 146 median points (p=0.001). While the median points received in the 17-19 age group was 143, it was 135 in people over 25 years of age 135 (p=0,027). The median points of the students whose mothers worked was found to be 146, and of those whose mothers did not work was found as 137 (p=0,001). When the median points of the students received from the scale in terms of their families were compared, it was determined that it was 127 in students who lived in a wide family, and 140 in those who lived in an elementary family (p=0.004). When the median points of the ASGR were considered according to the educational status of the mothers, it was determined that the median points of those students whose mothers were not educated was 133; and the median points of those whose mothers were university graduates was found as 145 (p=0,010). When the points received from the social gender roles sub-dimensions were considered, it was observed that female students had meaningfully more egalitarian attitudes when compared with the male students (p=0,001). In this study, which was conducted to determine the attitudes of the students of faculty of medicine on social gender roles, it was determined that the students showed a more egalitarian attitudes when compared with other employees. Female students, younger students, those living in elementary families, those whose mothers are working and have higher educational status show more egalitarian attitudes. It may be recommended that classes on social gender may be added to the curriculum in medicine faculties, and peer trainings may be organized with the participation of especially male students.


CONTEXT
Studies suggest that female reproductive hormones are under circadian regulation, although methodologic differences have led to inconsistent findings.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether circulating levels of reproductive hormones exhibit circadian rhythms.

DESIGN
Blood samples were collected across ∼90 consecutive hours, including 2 baseline days under a standard sleep-wake schedule, and ∼50 hours of extended wake under constant routine (CR) conditions.

SETTING
Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
Seventeen healthy pre-menopausal women (22.8 ± 2.6 years; 9 follicular; 8 luteal).

INTERVENTIONS
50-h CR.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES
Plasma estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), melatonin and core body temperature.

RESULTS
All hormones exhibited significant 24-h rhythms under both standard sleep-wake and CR conditions during the follicular phase (p<0.05). In contrast, only FSH and SHBG were significantly rhythmic during the luteal phase. Rhythm acrophases and amplitudes were similar between standard sleep-wake and CR conditions. The acrophase occurred in the morning for P4, in the afternoon for FSH, LH and SHBG and during the night for E2.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirm previous reports of ∼24-h rhythms in many female reproductive hormones in humans under ambulatory conditions but demonstrate that these hormones are under endogenous circadian regulation, defined as persisting in the absence of external time cues. These results may have important implications for the effects of circadian disruption on reproductive function.


In electronically networked organizations, the capacity to reach more and different audiences virtually explodes. The ability to generate messages quickly brings both benefits and risks: rapid but potentially reactive message exchanges in the context of chaos. In such a context, how can correspondents on the information highway come to know or analyze their audiences? The channel is e-mail; the medium is text. I sit in my office and reach out to touch you. You are my colleague and buddy in another part of the building, the presenter who upstaged me at a recent conference, my technical assistant in academic computing, or a member of a group I have tapped on the 'Net. Composing my message-fingers flying, students at my door-how well do I read you-my audience, my connection to your part of the world? And, correspondingly, do you read me? Do you catch my mood, feel the urgency or the lightness of my request? Can you sense that I am speaking expressly to you?.<<ETX>>


Stator winding grounding fault due to fault secondary connection is introduced,the fault cause of the protection action is analyzed,and the problem-solving way is provided.


The systematic, cross-national assessment of collective labor rights outcomes, and their causal determinants, is the central aim of this book. As such, much of the evidence presented is quantitative in nature, and it is cast at the country level of analysis. Whereas I discuss the importance of domestic economic and political variables as independent and intervening variables in Chapters 3 and 5, the explanations advanced focus on the impact (or lack thereof) of the global economy on national-level labor rights outcomes. Yet, despite the need (both from the point of view of international political economy and that of economic policymakers) for systematic, large-N treatments of the linkages between global production and labor rights, such an analytical approach also has limitations. Some of these are identified in the preceding chapter, which highlights problems of data availability among low- and middle-income nations. Another drawback relates to the difficulty of gaining a sense of the longer-term (and often domestically driven) processes linking the global economy, domestic politics and institutions, and the rights of workers. Such causal processes often unfold over many years, and they may unfold in a path-dependent fashion. This longer-term dynamic process may relate to the hypotheses introduced in Chapter 3 as well as to the sector and source arguments discussed in the previous chapter. As the nature of a country's engagement in global production networks changes (in terms of the extent of its involvement, the sectors in which it is involved, or the developed nations from which investment and subcontracting come), labor rights outcomes also should change. Such changes, though, may happen over several years or even decades, making their impact easier to trace in qualitative analyses. Qualitative analyses not only facilitate the consideration of longer-term processes; they also allow for the possibility of unit heterogeneity (Sambanis 2004). That is, the medium- and longer-term processes linking labor rights, domestic politics, and the global economy may vary across units. Given these considerations, it is useful to complement quantitatively based approaches to understanding collective labor rights with qualitative analyses, either by industry (i.e., Silver 2003) or by country and region (i.e., Murillo 2001). By investigating a single case or set of cases over a longer period of time, we can assess the ways in which external variables (here, multinational production) are linked with outcome variables (labor rights) via various domestic political and economic institutions.


Androgen ablation as a treatment for patients with prostate carcinoma was described 60 years ago. Despite the long pedigree for this treatment, the optimal use of androgen ablation therapy remains extremely controversial. Monitoring the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) has created a dramatic shift in the population of patients in whom androgen ablation is initiated. This has resulted in a number of changing concepts of treatment. Patients with recurrent prostate carcinoma after the failure of local therapy are now diagnosed with recurrent disease on the basis of a rising PSA level. These patients have a median life expectancy of 10–15 years compared with 3 years for patients who present with metastatic disease. This means that the systemic side effects of androgen ablation and the impact on quality of life have become more important. Controversies exist with respect to the timing of therapy, the use of intermittent androgen ablation, and the role of total androgen blockade.


Abstract. In a previous study, we proposed a class of stochas-tic cellular automaton models for the occurrence of solar flares.'Flaring elements' of a deliberately unspecified nature were al-lowed to interact. Investigation of a 1-D version of the model,capable of analytical description, conflicted in detail with ob-servationsbutindicatedthequalitativesuccessofsuchapicture.In this extended study, we investigate the consequences of re-laxing various assumptions present in the initial study. In thisway we can build up a family of models each producing a bet-ter match with the observations. From these results we can saywhichfeaturescontrolthepower-lawindicesobtainedfromself-organising models of flare occurrence. The sorts of constraintsthis type of modelling produces will also have to be satisfied bymore physically detailed pictures.Key words: Sun: activity – Sun: flares – Sun: magnetic fields –Sun: X-rays, gamma rays1. IntroductionDetailed studies of individual solar flares have led to many ad-vances in our understanding of these explosive events. Verylarge events, for instance, display the extremes of which theflare energy release process is capable, and thus place the great-est demands on theoretical models. Other, perhaps lesser eventsare fortuitously well-observed across a range of wavelengthsand help to provide a picture of - one hopes - the 'typical' flare.However,statisticalstudiesofverymanyflaresofferanotheran-gle on flare energy release, and provide data on the distributionofflareparameterswhichacompletetheoryofflareenergystor-ageandreleasemustbeabletoaddress.Inparticular,hardX-rayobservations are believed to yield a very direct measure of theprimary flare energy (e.g. MacKinnon 1986), and high-qualitydatasetsfromrecentspacecraftmissionshaveyieldedfrequencydistributions of various gross flare parameters, as viewed in thiswavelength range.In particular, Dennis (1985) and Crosby et al. (1993) stud-ied X-ray data from the Solar Maximum Mission's Hard X-RayBurst Spectrometer (SMM HXRBS) to show that the flare fre-quency distribution as a function of energy is described by a


The dedicated short range communication (DSRC) standard (also known as IEEE 802.11p) can be used to enable a number of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless radio communication based active safety and telematics applications. In this paper, we briefly document various experimental measurement scenarios and characterize performance of the DSRC standard based radio modules in ldr Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) wireless channel ldr Line-of-sight, no-vehicle-traffic, street road environment ldr Line-of-sight, parking lot environment with moderate-to- dense (surrounding) vehicle density ldr Line-of-sight, freeway environment with low-to-moderate (surrounding) vehicle density The wireless channel models, derived from performance statistics for above mentioned experimental measurement environments, have been incorporated into a DSRC wireless network simulator, and are being used to quantitatively characterize the large-scale network performances (and functional feasibilities) of several V2V, DSRC wireless communication standard based active safety and telematics applications.


We report experimental studies on the excitation of synchronized plasmon resonances in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) arrays. In contrast to the commonly employed grating-gate configurations, the analyzed structure contains periodically patterned ohmic contacts to the two-dimensional electron gas, which are laid-out parallel to the gate fingers. In this structure, the terahertz to plasmon coupling mechanism is fundamentally different from that in grating-gate configurations. Whereas the grating-gate configuration constitutes a coupled resonant system in which the resonance frequency depends on the grating periodicity, when periodical ohmic contacts are incorporated, the system behaves as a synchronized resonant system in which each unit cell is effectively independent. As a result, in a HEMT-array, the resonance is no longer set by the periodicity but rather by the gate and the ungated region length. Experimental results of fabricated samples compare well with numerical simulations and theoretical expectations. Our work demonstrates that the proposed approach allows: (i) more efficient excitation of high order plasmon modes and (ii) superior overall terahertz to plasmon coupling, even in configurations having less number of devices per unit area. From this perspective, our results reveal a simple way to enhance the terahertz to plasmon coupling and thus improve the performance of electron plasma wave-based devices; this effect can be exploited, for example, to improve the response of HEMT-based terahertz detectors.We report experimental studies on the excitation of synchronized plasmon resonances in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) arrays. In contrast to the commonly employed grating-gate configurations, the analyzed structure contains periodically patterned ohmic contacts to the two-dimensional electron gas, which are laid-out parallel to the gate fingers. In this structure, the terahertz to plasmon coupling mechanism is fundamentally different from that in grating-gate configurations. Whereas the grating-gate configuration constitutes a coupled resonant system in which the resonance frequency depends on the grating periodicity, when periodical ohmic contacts are incorporated, the system behaves as a synchronized resonant system in which each unit cell is effectively independent. As a result, in a HEMT-array, the resonance is no longer set by the periodicity but rather by the gate and the...


The Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) code is part of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) technology insertion (TI) benchmarking suite of applications. As a component of the TI benchmarking applications, LAMMPS is a significant contributor to Computational Chemistry and Materials Science requirements within the DoD. Ensuring its optimal performance on HPCMP resources is a high priority. The CCM-KY5-003 User Productivity Enhancements and Technology Transfer (PET) project was created to profile and optimize LAMMPS to improve its performance and efficiency on two HPCMP assets, Eagle (Altix 3700) and JVN(Linux Cluster). Profiling efforts were completed on Eagle using the Tuning and Analysis Utilities (TAU) application in conjunction with the Performance Application Programming Interface (PAPI). The time and hardware counter data was analyzed with ParaProf and PerfExplorer, while the trace data was automatically analyzed by the Kit for Objective Judgment and Knowledge-based Detection of Performance Bottlenecks (KOJAK). The profiling effort used three different model systems, where each uses a different physical potential. Several opportunities for performance improvement were identified in the critical portions of the code, such as loop-static branching conditions, multi-dimensional C-arrays and redundant integer, and floating-point operations. In addition to algorithmic changes, compiler options and machine-specific instructions were also investigated. The performance of the code increased from 1.3x to 3.5x on Eagle and 1.2x to 1.8x on JVN depending on the physical potential employed


In the course of 2 years of surveillance of whooping cough by fortnightly home visits among a population of 24,000 in a rural area of Kenya, 918 cases were observed with a peak of 218 in December 1974-January 1975. The attack rate was highest (15.8%) during the 1st year of life; for those ages 0-6 it was 12.8%. 90% of the cases occurred in children age 6 or younger. The median age was 3.5 years, the age range 1 month-13 years. Girls were significantly more affected than boys. The overall case fatality rate was 1.3% but among infants, it was 2.5 times higher. In order to contribute to the improvement of immunization coverage in countries where health resources are limited, a schedule of child immunization requiring a minimum number of contacts with the children was introduced into the study area with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness in protecting children from clinical pertussis. In this trial, the effect of 2 and 3 diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine doses was compared. Pertussis agglutinating antibody determinations showed an equally satisfactory response after 2 and 3 DPT vaccine doses. (author's)


Fundamentally altering the essential properties of a material itself is always of great interest but challenging as well. Herein, we demonstrate a simple tellurium doping method to intrinsically reshape the electronic properties of the sulfur and manipulate the kinetics of Li–S chemistry for improving the performance of Li–S batteries. DFT calculation indicates that Te doping can effectively facilitate the lithiation/delithiation reactions and lower the lithium ion diffusion energy barrier in Li2S. Additionally, electrochemical studies prove that the reaction kinetics of Li–S chemistry and cycling performance of Li–S batteries have been significantly improved with Te dopants. An exceptional specific capacity of ∼656 mA h g–1 and a high Coulombic efficiency of ∼99% have been achieved at 5 A g–1 even after 1000 cycles. More importantly, the capability to manipulate the intrinsic properties of materials and explore the synergistic effects between conventional strategies and element doping provides new avenue...


We consider the infinitely many-armed bandit problem with rotting rewards, where the mean reward of an arm decreases at each pull of the arm according to an arbitrary trend with maximum rotting rate $\varrho=o(1)$. We show that this learning problem has an $\Omega(\max\{\varrho^{1/3}T,\sqrt{T}\})$ worst-case regret lower bound where $T$ is the horizon time. We show that a matching upper bound $\tilde{O}(\max\{\varrho^{1/3}T,\sqrt{T}\})$, up to a poly-logarithmic factor, can be achieved by an algorithm that uses a UCB index for each arm and a threshold value to decide whether to continue pulling an arm or remove the arm from further consideration, when the algorithm knows the value of the maximum rotting rate $\varrho$. We also show that an $\tilde{O}(\max\{\varrho^{1/3}T,T^{3/4}\})$ regret upper bound can be achieved by an algorithm that does not know the value of $\varrho$, by using an adaptive UCB index along with an adaptive threshold value.


Introduction The study of brain function has been favored by scientists, but the mechanism of short-term memory formation has yet to be precise. Research problem Since the formation of short-term memories depends on neuronal activity, we try to explain the mechanism from the neuron level in this paper. Research contents and methods Due to the modular structures of the brain, we analyze the pattern properties of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model (FHN) on a multilayer network (coupled by a random network). The conditions of short-term memory formation in the multilayer FHN model are obtained. Then the time delay is introduced to more closely match patterns of brain activity. The properties of periodic solutions are obtained by the central manifold theorem. Conclusion When the diffusion coeffcient, noise intensity np, and network connection probability p reach a specific range, the brain forms a relatively vague memory. It is found that network and time delay can induce complex cluster dynamics. And the synchrony increases with the increase of p. That is, short-term memory becomes clearer.


Weeds can affect crop productivity because of competition for light, water and nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of wheat to compete for nitrogen in the presence of weeds in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina. With this purpose a field experiment was carried out between June 2001 and December 2001 a period characterized by high rains, which discarded weed competition for water. Treatments consisted of two tillage systems: no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), with application of two nitrogen sources (urea and diammonium phosphate, DAP) at two stages of wheat growth (seeding and tillering). Results showed that under the conditions of this study 42 to 61% of total dry biomass was represented by weeds, 24 to 37% by wheat straw, and 15 to 23% by wheat grain. Weeds dry matter was not affected by tillage system nor by the stage at which fertilizers were applied, but by fertilizer type (urea > DAP). Wheat grain and wheat straw were not different between fertilization sources nor between fertilization moments. Wheat grain yields were negatively affected by weeds dry matter in treatments with fertilizers applied at wheat tillering (urea > DAP) but not in treatments with fertilizers applied at wheat seeding. Nitrogen concentration was higher in wheat grain (0.54 to 1.97%) than in weeds (0.85 to 1.82%) or wheat straw (0.39 to 0.97%), but total extracted nitrogen was higher in weeds (56%) than in wheat grain (30%) or wheat straw (14%). Wheat grain nitrogen correlated weakly and negatively with weeds dry matter production (R 2 = 0.14, n = 30, p < 0.05), indicating a low competitive effect. It can be concluded that under no water stress conditions weeds competition will affect more the wheat grain productivity than wheat grain nitrogen contents in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina.


A concept for ram acceleration is presented here, which uses a combination of a gas core and a layer of solid explosive or propellant to generate high thrust densities. The concept can be either self-synchronized or externally synchronized, and may be reusable. It has the potential to achieve very high acceleration rates, higher exit velocities and to lower the tube length requirements. Preliminary numerical simulations are presented and discussed, which show the characteristics of the flow fields. Stable conditions can be achieved for low mass loadings of solid explosive, and relatively slow combustion. Accurate knowledge of the thermo-chemical properties and the equations of state of the gas and solid components is essential for further tuning of the concept.


Long-term hemodialysis(HD) patients manifest various signs of protein and caloric malutrition due to poor intake of nutrients and other causes. Poor nutritional status increases the mortality and morbidity rates in HD patients. Thus, mataintnance of adequate nutritional status has been a major task in taking care of patients receiving HD. This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of HD patients and to clarify the degree of nutritional deficit based on usual dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Sixty HD patients comprised a HD group, while the control group consisted of 60 healthy adults whose age and sex matched those of the HD group. Nutritional status was evaluated by dietrary intake using instant nutritional scale, anthropometric measures, serum protein concentrations and the number of lymphocytes. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and unpaired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Regarding usual dietary intake of HD group. 1) Estimated caloric intake was significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance(RDA) and among them, 35% were taking calories less than 85% of the RDA. 2) Estimated protein intake was significantly higher than the RDA and among them 40% were taking protein more than 115% of the RDA. 3) Estimated fat intake was lower than the RDA. 4) Vitamin A, B, , C and niacin in take was lower than the RDA respectively. 5) Estimated ferrous intake was within the normal limit the RDA while estimated calcium intake was higher than the RDA. 6) Both calorie and protein intake were higher for the 10 patients who had been under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than for the patients under HD from the beginning. 2. Regarding anthropometric measures : 1) Body mass index(BMI), midarm circumference(MAC), and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) were lower in the HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 47.1% were within the normal limit of BMI, while 86.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, 35.0% were within the normal limit of MAC, while 83.3% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, only 8.3% were normal, 30.3% were mild deficit status of TSF, while 50% were normal and 48.3% were mild deficit status in the control group. 3. Regarding biochemical laboratory tests 1) Albumin, transferrin concentrations and the number of lymphocytes were lower in HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 98.3% were within the normal limit of albumin concentration and all were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, only 11.7% were within the normal limit of transferrin concentration, while 81.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, 25% were within the normal limit, while 93.3% were within the same limit in the control group. The above findings suggest that HD patients were in nutritional deficit status. Adequate diet therapy and periodical evaluation of the nutritional status in HD patients are needed. Accordingly, it turned out that anthropometric measures were very reliable parameters and easy to use to evaluate nutritional status. So nurses are encouraged to adopt anthropometric measures to examine nutritional deficit status of HD patients.


inally intended to include these records in my "Monograph of the West Indian Beetles of the Family Staphylinidae,'' ^ but through an oversight records of only three of the species appeared therein. The present report includes the 18 species taken by the Expedition and the two previously reported from the Caymans. The Staphylinidae of the Cayman Islands must be assumed to be very imperfectly known at the present time. It is to be expected that intensive collecting in various habitats would produce at least 50 species. For example, the three West Indian species of Gafius probably occur on the beaches, and others of the widespread species undoubtedly will be found. The present state of our knowledge therefore presents little that may be used in studying the geographical relationships or the origin of the fauna. In general, however, the species are among those which would be expected to occur. The only exceptions are one known otherwise only from Antigua in the Lesser Antilles and one known otherwise only from the United States. The first of


570 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 29, No. 3, 1983 form the basis for a routine method. Our FIA procedure for calcium and magnesium is still undergoing evaluation alongside our routine methods and will be published in due course. The technique of Burguera et al. differs from our approach in several respects, and we would like to take this opportunity to comment on certain practical aspects of FIA-AAS. In our experience, results are more reproducible if a pumped carrier stream is used than if the carrier is aspirated through the injection port (see ref. 1, Table 2). In the latter case the flow rate varies during the injection procedure, probably because the syringe needle partly occludes the injector port and consequently restricts flow through it. When we used positive pressure to propel the carrier solution, this effect was not observed. Another disadvantage of negative pressure, particularly when long dispersion tubes are used, is that the carrier solution tends to degas, producing bubbles in the carrier stream. Gas bubbles in the vicinity of the sample zone will limit its dispersion and will result in peak heights higher than expected. Magnesium in serum is best assayed by measuring its atomic absorbance at 285.2 nm. However, for optimum results at this wavelength the sample must be diluted about 50-fold. Therefore an FIA system optimized to measure magnesium should be designed to produce a dispersion (2) of about 50. In a simple FIA system this would require the injection of a very small volume of sample into a relatively long and wide dispersion tube. This would be difficult to do by using an aspiration technique, because the negative pressure generated by the nebulizer would not suffice to draw the carrier solution through the system at a reasonable flow rate. The conditions used by Burguera et al. will produce only a small dispersion of the sample zone as it passes through the system, and this would account for the calibration plot being nonlinear at 285.2 nm. These authors "compensated" for their low dispersion problems by using the much less sensitive absorption line at 202.6 nm. On our atomic absorption spectrophotometer (1) this wavelength is "noise" prone and is not to be recommended for routine use. The microsyringe injection technique is easy to install, simple to use, and-if the standards have approximately the same viscosity as the samples-well reproducible (1, 3). (With this injection method, however, samples with widely different viscosities tend to be injected at different rates; the less the viscosity, the more rapid the injection.) Where large numbers of samples are to be assayed, the manual injection technique is tedious, and small pieces of septum occasionally break loose and block the nebulizer tubing. For these reasons we now prefer to use rotary valves (2) to introduce the sample into the carrier stream.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the anterior guide angle on electromyographic (EMG) activities in the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (Lpt) and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (Dig). EMG activity, incisal movement and condylar movement were recorded and analyzed while changing anterior guide angle in five subjects with normal jaw function. Increasing the angle significantly changed the EMG activities of Lpt and Dig, and the pattern of muscle activities differed. The pattern of change in translation of condylar movement was similar to EMG activity of Lpt. The pattern of changes in inclination of incisal movement and degree of condylar rotation were similar to EMG activity of Dig. Significant correlation was found between EMG activity of Lpt and translation of condylar movement, and between EMG activity of Dig and inclination of incisal movement and degree of condylar rotation. It was found that protrusive movement could be performed smoothly by coordinating Lpt and Dig to accomodate changes in the anterior guide angle.


Ecocriticism or Green Study emerged in the field of literature in the late 20th century where the relationship between literary text and physical environment is explored. The recent human actions and environmental degradation have encouraged human beings to explore the ecological visions of the authors from different genres. The industrial revolution in the Victorian era brought enormous changes in society, and literary texts were produced concerning ecological degradation or celebrating the relationship between human beings and nature. Dante Gabriel Rossetti's vision toward establishing the connection between humans and the physical environment is an important aspect of the ecocritical study. Ecocriticism has been widely viewed as a field of study where environmental awareness can be raised through the theoretical study of literary texts. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring Dante Gabriel Rossetti's selected poems from an ecocritical point of view. Rossetti's poems represent a significant amount of human-nature interaction and nature's enormous healing power to the eco-system. This study also aims at growing the ecological consciousness of the readers in a world where it is going through a phase of life-threatening climate change.


Cognitive Science as a reaction against Behaviorism is presented, not in a complete way, but in an informal and fragmented outlook. The old problem of the relation between the mind and the brain pervades cognitive concepts. In spite of the strong computational appeal of Cognitive Science, understanding what computation means, and all its different interpretations, is also suggested, including some considerations on models and other mind attributes.


The difficulty encountered in the removal of breast lumps has been addressed by the use of a new instrument. The lump extractor described in this paper allows minimal scar surgery and prevents crushing of the breast mass.


This is a succinct description of the Argentinian social security system, with a particular focus on teacher retirement, in order to establish the relationship between the state and the people in terms of social security as well as the relationship with education workers and their union representatives.


We developed a linear induction motor (LIM) that can generate thrust in arbitrary directions on a two dimensional plane, and we studied the basic characteristics of that motor.We already reported switching characteristics for such a transport and switch system when the carrier weight is constant and the center of gravity is variable. This paper, shows results when the weight of a carrier is variable. The following items we are examined when the travel direction thrust - to - function ratio in the carrier is constant and switching direction thrust - to - function ratio in the carrier is variable: (1) influence on the switching angle to the thrust of X-Y LIM when the weight of a carrier is variable, and (2) relationship between the switching angle in weight change of a carrier and the change of the center of gravity position of a carrier.


The Hubbard model of the polyallyl chain with a strong repulsive potential and one hole in the half-filled band is reduced to the effective spin Hamiltonian. In the case of infinite repulsion, the exact spectrum of the model with cyclic boundary conditions is obtained.© 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The invention relates to a medicine for curing diabetes. The raw materials for preparing the medicine mainly comprise ginseng, raidx astragali, radix trichosanthis, rehmannia root, rhizoma coptidis, rhizoma anemarrhenae, yam, tokay, fructus corni, salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, the larva of silkworm with botrytis and the like. In the invention, the monarch drug in the prescription is indispensable andthe ministerial drug, adjuvant and conductant drugs can be adjusted dialectically to prepare according the clinical condition. In a comprehensive view of the prescription, the components of the prescription is reasonable, the compatibility of the medicine is proper, the source of the raw materials are abroad, the functions are accurate and special, the various components come in handy, nourishingthe energy source of the body for the governing function of the lung, and the lung is the upper source of water for governing clearing and regulating water passage; three Jiao is transported for activity of vital energy; The central organs are mediated for elevation and subsiding; Yin und Yang are regulated for constant breathing; the medicine has the efficiency of supplementing qi and nourishingyin, promote the secretion and nourishing the lung, nourishing the stomach to improve the production of body fluid, moistening lung and nourishing the kidney, and consolidating constitution and recovering the health. Dosage forms such as oral solution, pill, tablet, powder, capsule and the like can be produced by the prescription, and the invention is convenient in use, is effective for treatingdiabetes and accompanying symptoms and is low in treatment cost.


The Raman spectrum of CdSe quantum dots(QDs) film was investigated.The results showed that transverse optical(TO) mode of CdSe QDs was obvious.However,surface optical(SO) and longitudinal optical(LO) could not be seen from Raman spectrum.The Raman spectra of CdSe QDs,tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and hexadecylamine were compared.It was found that the Raman spectrum of surface reagents of CdSe QDs was similar to that of hexadecylamine,but different from that of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide,which proved that the surface of CdSe QDs were coated with hexadecylamine and dioctylamine.The Raman images with TO mode and CH bending vibration were analyzed in comparison with bright image,which indicated that the signal of Raman imaging was sensitive to the change of QD surface.


Using the method of closing in on prototype body by partial set of tangent planes the shape reverse seeking based on point cloud of scattered data has been carried out. Based on constructing partial tangent planes for neighborhood point set of a certain point, by the use of Riemannion graph to express adjoining relation of partial tangent planes. The adjustment of partial tangent planes is carried out by mean of the Euclidean minimal spanning tree, so as to let its normal vector be unified, after that the triangulated mesh model is reconstructed by the use of Marching Cubes method. Except the three-dimensional coordinates of points and without any additional information this method can automatically judge the topological structure implicated by scattered data points, and is suitable for rapid establishment of complex shapes possessing arbitrary topological structures. It is indicated by result of application that this is a stable, reliable and high executive efficiency method.


V605 Aquilae, central star of the ancient planetary nebula Abell 58, had evolved to the top of the white‐dwarf cooling sequence before undergoing a very late thermal pulse around 1919. V605 Aql is now embedded in a compact, dusty, hydrogen‐deficient nebula, which has been imaged by HST in 1991, 2001, and 2009. We detect angular expansion, consistent with ejection in 1919. Emission‐line images of the compact nebula show a clumpy structure, bisected by a dark band, indicating a toroidal morphology. The dark band appears to be aligned with the major axis of the large surrounding PN. Continuum images reveal the hot central star, seen through substantial extinction.The hydrogen‐deficient, pulsating central star of the PN Longmore 4 normally has the spectrum of a PG 1159‐type white dwarf. In 1992, Werner et al. discovered that the spectrum had temporarily changed to that of an emission‐line [WCE] star. I have monitored the spectrum of Lo 4 since 2003; out of 70 spectra, three have shown mass‐loss outbursts simi...


The recent Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) field campaign (Grubišić, 2006), held during the spring of 2006 in the Owens Valley of California, has provided researchers in a number of atmospheric science fields with a wealth of data that characterizes atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure and evolution in complex terrain regions. The primary focus of TREX was to observe and study the highly perturbed lee wave/boundary layer/rotor system common in the spring throughout the Owens Valley. The substantial volume of in-situ data obtained from the T-REX suite of meteorological instruments also afforded the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) the opportunity to study conditions that are unique to nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layers that develop over rift valleys. The main goals of the ARL research are to: 1) examine the nocturnal low-level jet formation under quiescent boundary layer conditions within the Owens Valley; 2) characterize the role of surface heating/cooling and its effect on inversion layer variations within the Owens Valley; 3) evaluate planetary boundary layer parameterizations at high spatial resolution. We recently employed the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Advanced Research WRF (ARW) model (Skamarock et al, 2005) to run high resolution simulations of ABL conditions associated with (1) Enhanced Observation Periods (EOPs) 4 and 5 (April 28-30) which were characterized by quiescent large-scale meteorological conditions and (2) Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 13 (April 15-17, 2006) in which robust lee wave/rotor activity over the Owens Valley was observed. Our analysis efforts to date have focused upon EOP 4 -5 case study results, and we will discuss this case study in this paper. EOP 4 was noted for a moderately strong nocturnal downvalley wind regime, while EOP 5 experienced a strong downvalley wind regime. Therefore, our natural interest in terms of analysis has centered upon the WRF-ARW reproduction of these flows. This includes not only investigating the downvalley surface flows themselves, but also aspects of the associated nocturnal low level jet (


This paper performs a numerical investigation of the viscous dissipation effects on the laminar forced convection of a nanofluid within a horizontal parallel plate microchannel in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. A uniform heat flux and also a uniform magnetic field are applied to the middle section of the micochannel, while the entry and exit sections of the microchannel are thermally insulated. The finite volume method along with the SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve the governing equations. The effects of relevant parameters such as Reynolds Number, solid volume fraction, Hartman and brinkman numbers on the flow and temperature fields and the heat transfer performance of the microchannel are examined against numerical predictions. The results show that the rate of heat transfer decreases with an increase in the Brinkman number. The results also show that in the absence of viscous dissipation the increase of solid volume fraction and Hartman number enhance the heat transfer performance of the microchannel. However, these parameters play a different role in the presence of viscous dissipation.


Long term relaxation of the photovoltaic current in poled and then short-circuited capacitors with polycrystalline Pb(ZrTi)O3 (PZT) film, where (111) oriented PZT grains are separated by ultrathin semiconductor PbO phase is studied. The quantum energy of the excitation light is lower than PZT band gap but higher than PbO band gap. The measured photovoltaic current differs entirely from well-known photovoltaic current observed in single-crystal ferroelectrics, which flows in polarization direction and originates due to asymmetry of impurity potential caused by the polarization. The photocurrent, which we measure, is always directed against the polarization and is not related to the depolarization of the film. The driving force of the measured photocurrent is the depolarization field generated by polarization charge on PZT grain boundaries [Delimova et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 112907 (2007)]. Photoexcited in PbO interlayers free carriers drift in this field toward electrodes producing the photocurrent, wh...


This is the first report on yeast species diversity recorded in Israel at the "Evolution Canyon" microsite in Mount Carmel, Israel, subdivided into a xeric, "African";, savanna-like south-facing slope, and a mesic, forested, "European" north-facing slope. A total of 25 species belonging to 14 genera were recorded--19 species of soil yeasts from 11 genera and 14 species of plant yeasts from 10 genera, including 8 species and 7 genera common to plants and soil. The total number, as well as the total frequency of occurrence of yeast species, was higher on the "European" slope than on the "African" slope in samples from both plants and soil. The basidiomycetous yeast species, Cryptococcus magnus, the ascomycetous species, Debaryomyces hansenii var. hansenii, with its anamorph, Candida famata, and the "black" yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans, were dominant on both slopes and in both plant and soil samples.


The invention is suitable for the technical field of TV sets and provides a TV set with a primary display unit and a secondary display unit. Frames can be displayed through the primary display unit; additional information can be displayed through the secondary display unit; and the primary display unit and the secondary display unit can display different contents at the same time and can be individually opened or closed. The TV set provided in the invention is provided with a dual-view display function; the secondary display unit can be individually used to display the additional information in case of not needing a primary display screen to display so as to achieve the purposes of not only meeting the use requirements of users but also saving energy.


e14674 Background: Two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) is the present standard for multiple bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Its main drawback is the drop-out risk (25-40% of patients fail to com...


Binuclear diaminocarbene complexes, which form as a regioisomer mixture in the reaction between isocyanide–palladium(II) complex cis-[PdCl2(CNXyl)2] and 1,3-thiazol-2-amine, are able to exchange an anionic chloride ligand with other halides, such as Br or I. This process also affords binuclear complexes as mixtures of kinetically and thermodynamically controlled regioisomers. In CDCl3 solutions, we observed interconversion of kinetically and thermodynamically controlled regioisomers. The results of the DFT calculations revealed that in CHCl3 solution, each pair of the isomers exhibited two different types of chalcogen bonding such as S···X or S···N; the presence of CBs for two complexes in the solid state was also proven through X-ray crystallographic study. Based on the combined experimental and theoretical data, it could be concluded that thermodynamic favorability for the formation of thermodynamically controlled regioisomers increases in the Cl < Br ≈ I row and correlate well with the energy difference between S···N and S···X (X = Cl, Br, I) chalcogen bonds in kinetically and thermodynamically controlled products. This means that it is possible to change the structure of metallocycles in binuclear diaminocarbene complexes by simply replacing one halide ligand with another.