In this discussion of Philip Ringstrom's provocative paper (this issue), I attempt to elaborate on several concepts: the role of "something" and "nothing" in psychoanalytic treatment, the problematic nature of the search for truth, the dialectic of aliveness and deadness, and the inevitability of improvisation in the pursuit of aliveness in the crucible of treatment. I also enumerate several transference–countertransference vulnerabilities inherent in improvisation.


The invention relates to an air conditioning system (10) for motor vehicles, in particular buses, for mounting on a roof (11) of the motor vehicle arranged with a in a supporting structure (18), condenser (12) and disposed one in a first casing (20) first evaporator (14) and arranged one in a second housing (22), second evaporator (16), the condenser (12) and the evaporator (14, 16) transversely to the direction of travel (F) are arranged next to one another and the supporting structure (18) and the housing (20, 22) by connecting elements (48) are connected together. According to the invention it is provided that the connecting elements (48) the relative positions of the structure (18) and the housing (20, 22) to each other set so that the air conditioner (10) of a curved shape of the roof (11) is adapted.


: Medical fraud and waste is a costly problem for health insurers. Growing volumes and complexity of data add challenges for detection, which data mining and machine learning may solve. We introduce a framework for incorporating domain knowledge (through the use of the claim ontology), learning claim contexts and provider roles (through topic modelling), and estimating repeated, costly behaviours (by comparison of provider costs to expected costs in each discovered context). When applied to orthopaedic surgery claims, our models highlighted both known and novel patterns of anomalous behaviour. Costly behaviours were ranked highly, which is useful for effective allocation of resources when recovering potentially fraudulent or wasteful claims. Further work on incorporating context discovery and domain knowledge into fraud detection algorithms on medical insurance claim data could improve results in this field.


In accordance with the rules adopted at the IAGA meeting in Canberra in 1979, we proposed for adoption as the new International Geomagnetic Reference Field a series of main-field models to degree and order ten for 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980, and a secular variation model for the interval 1980 to 1985. These models are briefly described.


The article presents information concerning changes undergoing on the EU market of fresh apples between 2000–2010. The author shows changes in produc-tion, consumption, foreign trade and prices, of the main stakeholders (producers, consumers, exporters and importers), including Poland. Secondary sources of information were used for the analysis, originating from Faostat 2012 and GUS data bases. The analysis was carried out under a research project (grant agre-ement No 3745/B/H03/2011/40), which was funded by National Science Centre. The analysis involved comparative as well as descriptive methods.


In this article,the correction and compensation of measurement errors caused by unparallel capacitance plates when measure distance with tabulet capacitance sensors are briefly elaborated.Moreover,a simple and feasible calculation method for correction and compensation and the principles of correction are proposed as well as the characteristics of other calculation methods are compared and analyzed.


Zinc ions, produced by the electrolytic dissolution of zinc metal rods, exhibited excellent inhibition efficiency, especially in combination with the synergistic additions of tungstate and nitrite ions. The optimum ratio of tungstate: nitrite: zinc was found to be 10:10:1 and the combination of tungstate: 100 ppm ‐ nitrite: 100 ppm ‐ zinc: 10 ppm (System A) gave the best results of all the systems studied. This system requires a much smaller concentration of tungstate and nitrite ions, as compared to the concentrations typically used and claimed to offer optimal inhibition efficiency. Long‐term open circuit potential measurements indicated that effective passivation occurred within 3 days of immersion. The passive layer thus formed on the metal surface retained its protective capability for several weeks, even after test coupons were transferred into a depleted inhibitor solution. The possible mechanism of the passivation is discussed.


The purpose of this paper is the design of a PEM Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system for didactical application in the Power Generation Laboratory of Technical University of ClujNapoca (TUCN). The proposed fuel cell system will be used as an alternative energy source in order to operate in a hybrid energy system. The hybrid energy system is developed by the Power Generation Laboratory, located in Observatorului Str. 2, ClujNapoca. The PEMC is supplied with hydrogen and air. The fuel, the hydrogen, is produced by means of an electrolyser and stored in a tank. The electrolyser is supplied with the electric energy produced by the renewable sources. The energy storage as hydrogen is an efficient alternative to battery storage of electric energy in order to compensate the variable character of renewable energy sources.


It is rigorously proved that quasilinear impulsive systems possess unpredictable solutions when a perturbation generated by an unpredictable sequence is applied. The existence, uniqueness, as well as asymptotic stability of such solutions are demonstrated. The system under consideration is with regular moments of impulses, and for that reason a novel definition for unpredictable functions with regular discontinuity moments is provided. To show the existence of an unpredictable solution a Gronwall type inequality for piecewise continuous functions is utilized. The theoretical results are supported with an illustrative example.


Objective To evaluate the effect of CNP (Clinical Nursing Pathways) on renal transplant recipients during the perioperative period. Methods 60 renal transplant recipients was divided into CNP group (28 cases) and control group (32 cases) according to their admission time, and the method of comparison was used. The control group only received conventional care while CNP group received CNP care in addition. Two group' s average length of stay, average hospitalization expense, satisfaction with the care and incidence rate of postoperative complication were compared during the perioperative period to evaluate the effect of CNP. Results The average length of stay of CNP group was ( 27.6 ± 4.3 ) d, shorter than ( 32.5 ± 6.8 ) d of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = - 3. 245, P = 0. 002 ). The average hospitalization expense of CNP group was ( 48 621 ± 10 506 ) yuan, lower than ( 54 788 ± 8 521 ) yuan of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t = -2. 509 ,P = 0.015 ). The rate of "satisfied", "less satisfied" and "not satisfied" of CNP group was 67.9%, 28.6% and 3.6% respectively, and that of the control group was 37.5% , 43.8% and 18.8% respectively. The satisfaction in the CNP group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 6.551 ,P = 0. 038 ). However, the difference between two group' s incidence rate of postoperative complication was not statistically significant ( P 〉 0.05 ). Conduslons CNP nursing method for renal transplant recipients during the perioperative period is scientific, reasonable and feasible, which can shorten the length of stay, reduce average hospitalization expense, improve satisfaction with nursing and promote the continuous improvement of nursing quality.

Key words:
Renal transplantation;  Perioperative period;  Clinical nursing pathways;  Recipient


Direct reaction synthesis (DRS), based on the principle of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), is a new method for preparing particulate metal matrix composites. TiCp/Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg composites were fabricated by DRS. Particulate composites were fabricated with Ti carbide (TiC) particles, generally less than 1.0μm. The reacted, thermal extruded samples exhibit a homogeneous distribution of fine TiC particles in Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg matrix.Mechanical property evaluation of the composites has revealed a very high tensile strength relative to the matrixalloy. Fractographic analysis indicates ductile failure.


A polyurethane-based resin useful, for example, to repair a surface of a rubber-based component includes a pre-polymer component that is combined with a polyol component. The pre-polymer component includes polyisocyanate, hydroxyl terminated poly-butadiene and ether diol. The polyol component include aliphatic oil, hydroxyl terminated poly-butadiene and aromatic diamine. The polyol component and the pre-polymer component are combined for a selected amount of time to react together and form the polyurethane based resin. The resin may be applied to the surface of a rubber-based component.


The [1,1′-biisoquinoline]-4,4′-diol (4a), which was obtained as hydrochloride 4a⋅2 HCl in two steps starting from the methoxymethyl (MOM)-protected 1-chloroisoquinoline 8 (Scheme 3), opens access to further O-functionalized biisoquinoline derivatives. Compound 4a⋅2 HCl was esterified with 4-(hexadecyloxy)benzoyl chloride (5b) to give the corresponding diester 3b (Scheme 4), which could not be obtained by Ni-mediated homocoupling of 6b (Scheme 2). The ether derivative 2b was accessible in good yield by reaction of 4a⋅2 HCl with the respective alkyl bromide 9 under the conditions of Williamson etherification (Scheme 4). Slightly modified conditions were applied to the esterification of 4a⋅2 HCl with galloyl chlorides 10a–h as well as etherification of 4a⋅2 HCl with 6-bromohexyl tris(alkyloxy)benzoates 11b,d–h and [(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-substituted pentakis(alkyloxy)triphenylenes 14a–c (Scheme 5). Despite the bulky substituents, the respective target 1,1′-biisoquinolines 12, 13, and 15 were isolated in 14–86% yield (Table).


"This paper explores the role of international cartels in the development of innovative and capital-intensive industries in Europe from the early 1890s to the early 1940s. The literature on international cartels after the Second World War has focused primarily on their effects on prices and their anti-competitive character. This paper mounts a challenge to this literature, arguing that this approach obscures two fundamental facts. The first is that technological co-operation was a driving force behind cartelisation. The second is that international cartels constituted powerful vehicles for technology transfer across national boundaries. International cartels were complex sets of arrangements whereby giant corporations based in various European countries sought to attain a monopolistic control over the global market. These arrangements accompanied the evolution of most capital-intensive, science-based industries. The historical evolution of these industries demonstrates that market-sharing agreements represented only one, and not even the most important, facet of international cartelisation. This evolution reveals that international cartels were indeed technological co-operative networks. These networks were established to settle patent disputes, to monitor technical advances, to reduce risks and to develop new products. The pattern emerging from the history of capital-intensive industries is that co-operation usually began as patent pooling and then progressed to the commercial sphere. Commercial agreements complemented patent and technological co-operation, which secured a firmer control over markets than price or sales arrangements. Cartel members continuously exchanged knowledge within these international networks. The main feature of this exchange lay in that it was characterised by the inflow and outflow, rather than by a one-way flow, of knowledge. Through its cartel relations, which frequently entailed financial ties, a company based in one country could have access to new advances or patents developed in other countries. This access to advances continued even during the 1930s, when, in spite of the increasing fragmentation of world trade and international political rivalries, a number of important innovations, including those affecting rearmament, were exchanged. The exchange of artificial rubber and artificial oil technologies between the US corporation Standard Oil and the German firm IG Farben until the early 1940s is a case in point. A number of similar examples for each science-based sector can be identified. When surveying the historical evolution of capital-intensive industries, it is difficult to escape the conclusion that global technological progress benefited from these exchanges. However, while in general acceptable, this conclusion needs some qualifications. For one thing, patent and knowledge exchange only took place within the network, as well as the producing countries covered by it, and was also aimed at keeping new interests at bay. Secondly, once obtained the access to networks, although vital, did not guarantee industrial success. Not all corporations – and the producing countries covered by the cartel agreements – benefited from, or contributed to, the global progress to the same extent. In-house capabilities, institutional environments, labour costs, access to capital and to markets affected their position within the networks, as well as their ability to exploit technologies. This was truest of newcomers. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the debate on international cartels during the inter-war period. In contrast to more recent studies, the inter-war literature placed great emphasis on the effects of international cartels on world trade, technology transfer and industrialisation. The second part of the paper traces the history of international cartels in a number of capital-intensive sectors (rayon, chemicals, electrical equipment, aviation, automotives, and iron and steel), with particular emphasis on the inter-war period. The paper concludes by suggesting that the study of international cartels adds several new dimensions to the theme of technology transfer, and can help break new ground in the analysis of patterns of industrialisation. The historical evolution of international cartels suggests that technological progress cannot be attributed to any particular national environment and was global in nature. It also reveals that the need for corporate co-operation became more pressing as technologies became more sophisticated and a greater number of countries industrialised. Finally, it sheds light on the ways in which the emergence of corporate capitalism and imperfect competition – themselves largely the product of technological progress – affected historical patterns of technology transfer. This paper draws mostly on unpublished material. Its main sources include, for the rayon industry, companies' archives (the VGF Archives in Wuppertal, Germany; the Courtaulds Archives in Coventry; the Snia Viscosa Archives in Milan), and, for other sectors, the PRO at Kew, London, the hearings of three US Senate Committees on international cartels (the Kilgore, Bone and Truman committees) and official publications by the British Board of Trade and the League of Nations."


A large scale of electric vehicles (EVs) and the operation of smart grid requires the support of a reliable and robust communication infrastructure. Cloud computing has gained popularity in smart grid for reducing computational and communication complexity. Based on cloud computing services, this paper considers the issues of high charging demand in fast charging stations (FCSs) during peak hours and communication among a large-scale of EVs, a network of FCSs, and system operator (SO). More specifically, we propose a novel cloud-based hierarchical charging management model of EVs, whereby two levels of cloud computing infrastructures are considered to meet different latency requirements of customers in highway exits and parking lots. Considering the quality of service (QoS) metrics (average waiting time in the queue, and blocking probability), the model is composed of: server planning in the cloud, capacity planning in FCSs, and profit maximization. Meanwhile, a price incentive mechanism is applied to shift the heavy load from peak hours to off-peak hours. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can guarantee QoS and system profit, thereby more customers can satisfy their charging demand.


The invention discloses an organic-inorganic compound and application thereof in water treatment. A preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound includes: adding a disodium hydrogen phosphate compound, silica sol and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride into water, and reacting for 3 h while back-flowing; adding inorganic ammonium salt, and continuing reaction for 1 h to obtain mixed liquid; adjusting temperature of the mixed liquid to 60 DEG C; filtering the mixed liquid, and drying a filter cake at 105 DEG C to obtain a solid material; dispersing the solid material in alcohol, adding a sodium acrylate water solution, and stirring for 20 min; adding acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and stirring for 25 min; adding tetramethylorthosilicate and ammonium persulfate, and reaction at 80 DEG C for 4 h; drying reaction liquid to obtain the organic-inorganic compound. By using the organic-inorganic compound, wastewater can be effectively treated into water meeting emission standards.


This paper describes the development of a turbocharged direct-injection compression ignition (CI) engine model using fluid-dynamic engine simulation codes through a simulating tool known as GT Power. The model was first fueled with diesel, and then with various blends of biodiesel and diesel by allotting suitable parameters to predict an optimum blended fuel. During the optimization, main focus was on the engine performance, combustion, and one of the major regulated gaseous pollutants known as oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The combustion parameters such as Premix Duration (DP), Main Duration (DM), Premix Fraction (FP), Main Exponent (EM) and ignition delay (ID) affect the start of injection (SOI) angle, and thus played significant role in the prediction of optimum blended fuel. The SOI angle ranging from 5.2 to 5.7 degree crank angle (DCA) measured before top dead center (TDC) revealed an optimum biodiesel-diesel blend known as B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel by volume). B20 exhibited the minimum possible NOx emissions, better combustion and acceptable engine performance. Moreover, experiments were performed to validate the simulated results by fueling the engine with B20 fuel and operating it on AC electrical dynamometer. Both the experimental and simulated results were in good agreement revealing maximum deviations of only 3%, 3.4%, 4.2%, and 5.1% for NOx, maximum combustion pressure (MCP), engine brake power (BP), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), respectively. Meanwhile, a positive correlation was found between MCP and NOx showing that both the parameters are higher at lower speeds, relative to higher engine speeds.


Based on integrating sphere absolute method, temperature-dependent absorptivity of 30CrMnSiA carbon steel was measured with heating laser beam(λ=1064nm) and probing laser beam (λ=1319nm) irradiating on material surface in atmosphere environment at the same time. With the probing laser incident at zero and thirty degrees, the absorptivity of the steel was measured at the temperature range from the room temperature to melting point. It was 0.4 at room temperature and 0. 9 at melting point. The results show that temperature has important effect on the absorptivity of 30CrMnSiA carbon steel in atmosphere environment, however the incidence angle hasn't any effect on absorptivity.


In article covered forensic basics and methodical features of the production of the interrogation of the main participants in the criminal proceedings (victims, suspects, witnesses) during the investigation of offences in the sphere of investments. Attention to the necessity of clearly establishing the subject of criminal activity in the sphere of investment activities to develop versions of the case, to determine the sequence of production interrogations in the complex production of other investigative actions and for the correct formulation of the list of issues during interrogation at the investigation of offences in the sphere of investment activity.


Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation (IEMP) is a rare condition that was first described by Degos et al. in 1978. It is characterized by the presence of asymptomatic pigmented macules involving the neck, trunk, and proximal extremities. There are <50 published cases, and only one associated with pregnancy. We describe an unusual case of diffuse IEMP, in which worsening was associated with pregnancy.


The present study aimed to investigate the role of negative feelings on the consumer buying decision. The influence of a brand image, the need for social approval, and negative brand self- expressiveness on brand embarrassment, as well as the influence of embarrassment on brand hate and brand detachment, mediated by interpersonal influence, were investigated. Findings revealed that brand image and the need for social approval do not have any influence on brand embarrassment, while the negative brand self-expressiveness does predict brand embarrassment. On the other side, the findings revealed that brand embarrassment creates brand hate and brand detachment. And, interpersonal influence has a mediating role in the relationship between brand image-brand detachment, negative brand self-expressiveness-brand hate, and negative brand self- expressiveness-brand detachment.


Schools of library and information science were examined to determine environmental, political, and economic factors that contribute to the successful adaptation and survival of a program over time. The research for this article was conducted in 1988, and the data represent results current for that year. The author cautions that the picture they paint may be different from what is occurring today, but findings from this research may nevertheless be useful


The key idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is to serve multiple users in the same resource block to improve the spectral efficiency. Whereas due to the resource sharing, a security flaw of NOMA emerges in the presence of internal untrusted users, especially untrusted near users who are closer to the base station and can easily access the confidential information for paired far users. To mitigate the flaw, in this paper, we investigate the reliable and secure transmission of NOMA systems with untrusted near users, and propose joint beamforming and power allocation (JBP) scheme for the scenario. Meanwhile, from security point of view, we extend to a worse-case scenario where both untrusted near users and external eavesdroppers exist, and propose joint artificial noise aided beamforming and power allocation (JANBP) scheme to achieve a reliable and secure transmission for the scenario. The exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the two scenarios are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes, respectively. The analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed JBP and JANBP schemes in terms of combating internal and external eavesdropping, and also indicate the two schemes can achieve the same SOP at high SNR.


For a better understanding of the yield-increasing mechanism of wheat with uniconazole, the physiological effects of uniconazole (S-3307) waterless-dressed seeds on root and leaf of wheat were studied with different varieties and nitrogen levels in traditional field experiments and soil column culture. The results showed that S-3307 increased root vigor, which resulted in the absorption of 32P increased by 20.2% and the proportions of 32P distributed to tiller increased by 570% over the control. S-3307 also significantly increased the area of top leaf, improved the photosynthetic capacity of leaf, promoted the assimilatory ability of leaf by 25.9% as compared with the control, and distributed more 14C assimilates to roots and tiller nodes. At the later stage, S-3307 increased SOD activity, reduced MDA content in root and leaf. It is concluded that the best concentration of S-3307 is 20 mg per kg seeds.


The Piano Key (PK) spillway constructed at Giritale in 2013, is the first of its kind in Sri Lanka. A capacity enhancement of the Giritale reservoir was required to overcome the frequent water shortages during cropping seasons and droughts. A decision was taken to enhance the capacity by increasing the crest level of the spillway and a new spillway of the PK type was introduced to satisfy this requirement. In this research, a model study was done to improve the discharge efficiency of such a PK spillway. Two models with different sectional arrangements were fabricated and later these were modified basically in crest shape. A total of four different models were tested to simulate the flow behavior over the spillway and the results were analyzed in order to find the head discharge relationship. The research focused on how to obtain a suitable PK model, among the models tested. The conclusion was that model 1b (among the models 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b) was the optimum model for the Giritale project.


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to reductions in cervical cancer screening and colposcopy. Therefore, in this mixed method study we explored perceived pandemic-related practice changes to cervical cancer screenings in federally qualified health centers. Methods: Between October 2021 and June 2022, a national sample of 148 clinicians completed surveys; a subset (n=13) clinicians completed qualitative interviews. Most (86%) reported reduced cervical cancer screening early in the pandemic, and 28% reported continued reduction in services at the time of survey completion (October 2021- July 2022). Nearly half (45%) reported staff shortages impacting their ability to screen or track patients. Results: Compared to clinicians in OBGYN/Womens health, those in family medicine and other specialties were less likely to report maintaining or increasing screening compared to pre-pandemic. Advanced practice providers (compared to MDs/DOs,) and Hispanic/Latinx/other clinicians (compared to white non-Hispanic) were more likely to report maintaining or increasing screening vs. pre-pandemic. Most (91%) felt that screening using HPV self-sampling would be helpful to address screening backlogs. Qualitative interviews highlighted the impacts of staff shortages and strategies for improvement. Conclusions: Identifying barriers to screening and instituting solutions in federally qualified health centers is critical to preventing cervical cancers among patients at highest risk.Funding: This study was funded by the American Cancer Society, who had no role in the studys design, conduct, or reporting.


Two surveys were conducted in January 2006 and September 2007 with multibeam echosounder to investigate the dune shape, migration rate, and bedload transport rate using dune-tracking method on an offshore sand ridge at southern Gyeonggi Bay. The migration rates of dunes range from 1.8 myr ?1 to 56.0 myr ?1 , at the upper northwestern side of sand ridge towards the southwest direction and from the center of the sand ridge towards the northeast direction respectively. Large (i.e. length 10-100 m) dunes show faster migration (0.3-23.4 myr ?1 ) than very large (i.e. length > 100 m) dunes because larger dunes have required a larger volume of sediments to be displaced. The decreases in dimensions and migration rates of dunes from the center of sand ridge to the lower part of southeastern side on the sand ridge can be ascribed to the decrease of sandy sediments availability, tidal currents with depth, and the coarsening of surface sediments from the crest of the sand ridge to the trough. Bedload transport rates on the basis of migration rates and dune dimensions decrease from 74.5 ㎡yr ?1 at C transect to 35.6 ㎡yr ?1 at R-02 transect.


Abstract In this contribution, we report on a study of the self-organization and mechanical properties of polymer liquid crystals (PLCs). Both processes are computer simulated by the method of molecular dynamics. We investigated two real longitudinal PLCs (thermotropic polyesters) with macromolecules that consist of rigid and flexible parts arranged in a regular way. One rigid and one flexible part form a monomer containing 45 or 47 atoms. The total number of atoms in the macromolecules studied was 4700 (100 monomers) and 5400 (75 monomers). The self-organization was similar to that obtained earlier for a beads-on-a-string model, so compression calculations were done using this simpler model containing 1200 beads (100 monomers). Macroscopic characteristics such as the stress-strain relation, temperature change during deformation, as well as microscopic changes in structure, were investigated.


An analysis is made of the secondary stresses that arise in flatsheet-covered box beams in which the curvature of the cover sheets does not conform with the curvature assumed by the extreme fibers of the spars when the beam is loaded. Formulas are derived for rib loads and for secondary sheet bending stresses as function of the primary sheet stress, the rib spacing, the beam height and the cover sheet thickness. With regard to the secondary stresses, the flexibility of ribs and spars, which in principle can be taken into consideration, is neglected so that the values obtained for the stresses are conservative. I t is found tha t secondary sheet bending is largely restricted to narrow edge zones adjacent to ribs and spars.


Path quality and computational time have formed together a well-known trade-off problem for path planning techniques. Due to this trade-off, contributions were usually considering improving only one of the two aspects, either increasing the swiftness as in real-time robotic path planning algorithms or enhancing the path quality as in shortest path query algorithms. Producing a path planning technique that targets both aspects is a challenging problem for robotic systems. However, this paper proposes a novel path planning framework that controls the motion of robotic systems and aims to overcome this traditional trade-off challenge, by targeting both, decreasing the computational time, and improving the path quality represented by the path length and smoothness. The shortest path is obtained by minimizing a novel objective function inspired by the artificial potential field methodology. To accelerate the execution, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is adopted to obtain the optimal solution in a real-time hop-by-hop manner imitating the procedures performed by computer network routing protocols. Testbed experimental results have proven the effectiveness of the proposed technique and showed superior performance over other meta-heuristic optimization techniques and over classical path planning approaches such as A*, D*, and PRM.


Sodium is a key element in a living organism. The increase of its concentration is an indicator of many pathological conditions. Na MRI is a quantitative method that allows to determine the sodium content in tissues and organs in vivo. This method has not yet entered clinical practice widely, but it has already been used as a clinical research tool to investigate diseases such as brain tumors, breast cancer, stroke, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, osteoarthritis. The active development of the Na MRI is promoted by the growth of available magnetic fields, the expansion of hardware capabilities, and the development of pulse sequences with ultra-short echo time.


Abstract Species of the genus Pneustocerus Horváth 1905 from China are treated: P. gravelyi (Distant 1911) and P. stusaki sp. nov. Photographs of the head and thorax, illustrations of male genital capsules and parameres of the two species, and a key to known species of this genus are provided.


In India, the low rate of employment of people with disabilities is a large problem in the growing economy. Looking at one advocacy group's strategies for influencing the private sector and lobbying the Indian government for more responsive employment policies, this article focuses on NCPEDP's holistic approach to increasing employment of people with disabilities as an example of notable, innovative practice. The article examines NCPEDP's strategies towards the private sector, public policy, and civil society, including its Disability Awards (highlighting inclusive workplaces), the 2001 and 2011 Census campaigns' efforts for people with disabilities to become accurately counted, and its networks of disability organizations that disseminate relevant information and campaign for greater equality across the nation. The benefits and limitations of these strategies are then assessed for lessons regarding the strategies available to small nongovernmental organizations seeking to influence employment, the private sector and public policy in other settings.


A photovoltaic (PV) generator can be used in a number of several configurations. In this work a PV system was integrated into a conventional uninterruptible power supply source (UPS) in a city office building. The PV system employed different types of PV modules, did not feed the grid and did not charge a battery. The system suffered severe damage and did not produce any appreciable output for a number of years. Several design, technical and operational faults were discovered. This paper examines the symptoms and causes that led to the shortcomings, presents critical analysis and gives recommendations to solve these problems. The main problems were rectified and the system was brought back on line. Lessons learned may be implemented to avoid these mistakes in future PV installations.


ABSTRACT This essay examines the diverse imaginaries of gay retirement that have sprung up among the so-called 'first generation' of South Korean gay men in their 40s and 50s. During the liberalising period of Korean society in the mid-1990s, many encountered Westernised notions of gay identity and community for the first time in their lives. Inspired by films such as the 'Wedding Banquet' (dir. Ang Lee, 1994), they began to dream of creating a gay lifestyle for themselves. With the downturn of the Korean economy following the Asian financial crisis in 1997/1998, many have deferred if not abandoned these dreams. Temporarily folding their dreams for an out gay life, they are instead focusing on securing their future as single men without the financial and emotional support of their own wives and children. In focusing on the insecure lives of South Korean gay men, this essay discloses the particular mechanisms of family governmentality and Confucian biopolitics via which the South Korean state has strived to manage its non-normative populations and navigate the turbulent waters of neoliberal globalisation. It also provides a transnational and lifecourse approach to queer studies that goes beyond concepts of 'syncretism' and 'hybridity' to understand queer globalisation. Instead, working bottom-up through an ethnographically-grounded model of South Korean gay men's lives, it theorises how non-normative bodies and desires are intimately imbricated with and co-constitutive of the broader processes and institutions of neoliberal capitalism, postcolonial nation-state formation, new consumer/cyber cultures, social movements and family in East Asia and throughout the world.


Tsunamigenic Slope Failures (TSFs) are being increasingly recognised as an important source of tsunamis in the Pacific Basin (Figure 1). As such, their general omission from existing tsunami hazard assessments for Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) is a significant problem. TSFs can occur in many settings, but the flank collapse of oceanic volcanic edifices is a more credible mechanism than fault ruptures for the initiation of local (and possibly regional) tsunamis. While to many this may seem a contentious statement, its justification has been reinvigorated through a recent modification of Darwin's subsidence theory of atoll formation and the development of a unique range of multiple indicators that can be utilised for identifying the evidence of past tsunamis [1,2]. The issue is far more re levant in th e Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic. The reasoning is two-fold: there are well over 20000 islands scattered across the Pacific that are potentially affected by such events, whilst single island or low archipelago countries (e.g. Niue, Nauru, Tuvalu, Kiribati) are sufficiently vulnerable that a single TSF has the potential to destroy the bulk of their GDP, population and infrastructure.


1. Daniel Huson, Knut Reinert: Bioinfomatics support for genome sequencing projects, in: Thomas Lengauer (ed.), Bioinformatics From Genomes to Therapies, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007. ISBN: 978-3527-31278-8 2. Michael S. Waterman, Introduction to computational biology, Chapman and Hall, 1995. (Chapter 7) 3. Eugene W. (Gene) Myers et al.: A Whole-Genome Assembly of Drosophila, Science, 287:2196-2204, 24 March 2000. 4. Venter et al.: The sequence of the Human Genome, Science, 291:1304-1351, 16 February 2001. 5. Daniel Huson, Knut Reinert and Eugene Myers: The Greedy-Path Merging Algorithm for Sequence Assembly, RECOMB 2001, 157-163, 2001.


ABSTRACT In an effort to reduce the mass of components, sandwich design has become well established above all in the aerospace and the vehicle construction. In these structures, facings and cores made of very different materials are joined using a wide variety of technologies. The challenge in the use of this type of construction frequently results both from generating component joints stable enough to bear loads and the productivity of the manufacturing process. This publication investigates the textile-based surface design of thermoplastic composites which create optimised conditions for the bonding of Polyurethane (PUR) foam cores in the in-situ foaming. The reinforcement layer structure is represented on the surface by varying the layer stack in the production of textile-based thermoplastic composites through pressing. This approach is resource and energy-efficiency because it includes no additional process steps. Two thermoplastic composite variants with differently firmed textile surface structure were manufactured and analysed. In reaction injection moulding, each variant was processed with two different PUR foam cores to obtain sandwich structures. Bonding between the facings and the core was only achieved by means of textile microstructuring, which was demonstrated in the analysis of the basic materials and the microstructure penetration through PUR foam as well. The mechanical capacity of the interface was determined by the sandwich structures in the tensile test. In future studies, a bulky, textile-based lightweight construction material in sandwich design that is both suitable for application and capable of being mass produced will be developed based on these investigations. Graphical Abstract


The advent of recombinant DNA technology has led to the identification in the DNA of normal animal cells of over 30 proto‐oncogenes that are homologous to retroviral transforming genes. One of these encodes a protein kinase (pp60c‐src) of unknown function, that is preferentially synthesized in brain and neural retina. Here the expression of pp60c‐src in the peripheral nervous system was examined in sensory neurons from chick dorsal root ganglia with antisera raised against the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (pp60c‐src) expressed in Escherichia coli carrying the cloned v‐src gene. This antiserum recognizes pp60c‐src specifically in normal chicken cells. Western immunoblotting showed that dorsal root ganglia of stage 30 (day 6.5) chick embryos contained elevated levels of pp60c‐src. Immunoperoxidase staining of neuron‐enriched cultures prepared from chick dorsal root ganglia showed pp60c‐src immunoreactivity in cells with neuronal morphology; flat, fibroblastic cells contained no detectable immunoreactivity. Indirect double immunofluorescence with pp60c‐src antibodies and monoclonal antibodies against the 200‐kD subunit of neurofilament protein confirmed that the cells expressing pp60c‐src were neurons. Ninety‐six percent of the neurofilament‐positive cells were immunoreactive with pp60c‐src antibodies, and conversely, all pp60c‐src‐positive cells were immunoreactive with neurofilament antibodies. pp60c‐src immunofluorescence appeared to be distributed over the cell body, processes, and growth cones. These results clearly demonstrate that pp60c‐src is a product of neurons and is expressed in sensory neurons in culture.


The main objective of this paper is to compare typical backfill mortars used in Spanish tunnels to fill the annular void left between the lining and the ground by the TBM. Initially, a new experimental program is outlined using material corresponding to 6 mixes from 4 tunnels. The results obtained indicate a considerable difference in the density and in the rheological properties of the mixes tested. According to the estimations performed, this leads to a difference of up to 67% on the potency required from the pumps to inject the material. Furthermore, a correlation between the fine content and the rheological properties of the mix was observed. This correlation may be a practical tool to control and modify the performance of the mortars directly in the worksite.


The PSK (Pre-shared Secret Key) based method is appropriate for the IoT environment consisting of lightweight devices since this method requires less computing time and energy than the method to configure the session key based on the public key algorithm. A fundamental prerequisite for the PSK based method is that PSK should have been configured between the communication entities safely in advance. However, in case of a small sensor or actuator, no input and output interface such as keyboard and monitor required for configuration exists, so it is more difficult to configure PSK for such lightweight devices safely in the IoT environment than the previous Internet devices. Especially, normal users lack expertise in security so they face difficulty in configuration. Therefore, the default value configured at the time of manufacturing at factories is used or the device installer configures PSK in most cases. In such case, it is a matter for consideration whether all installers and manufacturers can be trusted or not. In order to solve such problem, this paper proposes a secure bootstrapping scheme, which utilizes the NFC (Near Field Communication) as an OOB (Out-Of-Band) channel, for lightweight devices with limited resources.


Colombia is the second-largest producer of Arabica coffee, but changing climate, soil, and precipitation patterns are already altering the harvest volume, production techniques, and even the taste of coffee.


Let A be an abelian variety over a number field E ⊂ C and let G denote the Mumford–Tate group of A. After replacing E by a finite extension, the action of the absolute Galois group Gal(E/E) on the `-adic cohomology H1 ét(AE,Q`) factors through G(Q`). We show that for v an odd prime of E where A has good reduction, the conjugacy class of Frobenius Frobv in G(Q`) is independent of `. Along the way we prove that every point in the μ-ordinary locus of the special fiber of Shimura varieties has a special point lifting it.


Production of natural gas in wester n Kentucky has been minor in comparison to oil production. By far the largest gas reservoi r discovered is the Midland gas field in northern Muhlenber g County. Here gas has accumulate d in an isolated sandfilled Bethel channel cut to a depth of more than 200 ft into the underlying limestone. The Midland reservoi r is from 0.5 to 2 mi wide and 10 mi long. Gas apparentl y has accumulate d on the south (updip) flank of the main channel . At the wester n tip of the pool the channel turns northwestward, cutting obliquely downdip and thereby limiting hydrocarbon accumulation in that direction. The trap thus appear s to be both stratigraphic and structural , with the gas confined to the area where the channel parallel s the regional strike. Production is best at the wester n end, where pay thicknes is more than 100 ft. Total reserve is estimated to be approximatel y 165 billion cu ft.


Abstract : The document reports the formation of the atomic hydrogen negative ion by electron impact on H2 very close to the theoretical threshold for the production of H(-) and H with zero kinetic energy via the process e + H2 yields H(-) + H. H(-) formation was found with a very sharp onset at an electron energy of 3.73 = 0.07 eV and a very steeply rising, albeit small, cross section which peaks very close to its onset. This observation leads to a better understanding of the potential-energy curves of the H2(-) system and has a bearing on the interpretation of vibrational excitation in H2.


In order to improve the performance of vector controller,a digital vector controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) based on float-point digital signal processor(DSP) TMS320F28335 was designed.Compared with the conventional PMSM control system based on fixed-point DSP such as TMS320LF2407 and TMS320F2812,it had advantages in programming,computing speed and accuracy of A/D.The main circuit used the AC-DC-AC topology structure.The voltage,current signals were sampled by internal A/D of TMS320F28335.Speed and position were measured in the enhanced quadrature encoder pulse(EQEP) module based on incremental photoelectric encoder.And software and hardware double protection circuits were designed.The high-precision space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) signals can be generated flexibly in the enhanced pulse width modulator(EPWM) module.The experimental results indicate that this control system has advantages of simple programming,fast computing speed and flexible control.


Many engineering issues cannot be addressed without profound knowledge of social and political dimensions, such as; energy supply, drinking water and preservation, mitigation of air and soil pollution, climate change, use of biotechnological potential in agronomy, food and medicine, closely interact with society, public sector and environment. Indeed, these topics are so complex that they must be treated by multidisciplinary teams with qualified members and where, each member is aware of concepts and approaches of others, while knowing that globalization produces major societal challenges with impacts flowing between and through borders in ways, we were unable to predict or expect. Also, engineering careers became more and more, entrepreneurial and global, while technological change pace has accelerated and expectations regarding engineering education have widened. Additionally, we know that scholarly and methodical improvement of engineering education are based on a continuous cycle of educational practice and research that constantly, advances the body of knowledge on engineering learning, leading to the implementation of more effective and reliable educational enhancement with a final result of better educated students. Far from being exhaustive, this paper presents some issues and tendencies for the program's content in engineering education. Keywords— Engineering education challenges; Interdisciplinary engineering education; Professional skills; Programs.


Abstract Forsyth's toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus forsythii, is endemic to the Taklamakan Desert. A nearly complete mitochondrial genome of one individual for this species was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is 16,060 bp in length, comprising 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a control region (D-loop). The gene arrangement and composition of P. forsythii is identical to the mitogenome of P. theobaldi in that tRNA-Pro was translocated immediately downstream of tRNA-Phe. The D-loop comprised two parts, one (783 bp) existing between tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Phe and another (with 200 bp already sequenced) inserting between tRNA-Pro and 12S rRNA. This mitogenome sequence may provide more data for unveiling the phylogenetic origin and adaptive evolution related to Phrynocephalus viviparity.


The utility model relates to a solid-liquid separator for integrating the operations of filtering, lifting and dewatering together. The structure of the utility model is that a main shaft is arranged inside a circular grating filter cylinder, and the main shaft is provided with helical blades, wherein, the upper end of the grating filter cylinder is provided with a pressurizing mechanism, and a power driving device is used for driving the main shaft to rotate. The utility model is obliquely arranged on a sewage drainage ditch to intercept sewage for processing the sewage, and after the sewage is filtered, solid objects are lifted again for dewatering by pressing.


In this paper,the ESR(electron spin resonance) spectra of coal and its product of extraction have been systematically studied by means of JES-FE1xG model ESR spectrometer.Also,the spectra can be easily obtained at room temperature.Results obtained showed that a great number of stable free radicals were contained in coal and its product of extraction.The extraction results in obvious increase of free radical concentration,and the reason has been discussed.


Much of the published research on the effects of air pollutants on plants suffers from a lack of understanding of the relationship between the conditions employed and naturally occurring concentrations of pollutant. Frequently lacking is information as to the effective dosages of pollutants used in laboratory studies. The importance of dosage is discussed, as is its relation to concentration and flux. It is suggested that a greater interrelationship between observations from different research workers would be achieved by the simple expedient of measuring pollutant uptake by the plants under study, rather than merely describing concentrations in the surrounding air.


This research aimed to analyze the effect of leverage and asymmetry information on the firm value through cash holding as mediation variable. The populations of this research were all the firms which listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange since 2012 – 2015. A sample of this research was a saturated sample and census, consisted of 56 firms related to the population criteria.  This research used secondary data from the firm financial report through path analysis method. This research showed that leverage had a negative effect on the cash holdings, asymmetry information had a negative effect on the firm value through cash holding, and cash holding had a negative effect on the firm value.  With leverage and effect on cash, holding cannot affect the firm value, due to investor risk-averse, investor risk seeker, and neutral investor has their own point of view in assessing the company. Cash holdings can lead to asymmetric information that can lead to agency conflict that can affect a company's performance, so that indirectly, with the existence of asymmetry information had an effect on the declining the firm value. JEL Classifications : G32, G35 DOI :  https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i1.1334


The purpose of this study was to determine the price picture and customer buying interest at UD. Tunas Baru District Bandar Huluan. Next to determine the effect of prices on customer buying interest at UD. Tunas Baru District Bandar Huluan. The type of data used is qualitative and quantitative data and data sources are derived from primary data and secondary data. Research data were collected by conducting interviews, documentation and distributing questionnaires. Data analysis includes qualitative data analysis and quantitative analysis. The results of the study can be concluded from the total respondents' answers about prices with the dimensions of price affordability, discounted prices, and payment methods to obtain good answer criteria. Then from the total respondents' answers regarding buying interest got high answer criteria. Furthermore, to test the hypothesis it is concluded that there is a positive influence between price on customer buying interest.


A solar-biomass hybrid dryer was designed and fabricated in the Dept. of UCES & EE, Dr. PDKV, Akola. A biomass combustor was retrofitted to natural convection solar tunnel dryer utilized solar energy for drying of turmeric slices during day time and Prosopis juliflora as fuel in biomass combustor cum hot air generator during off sunshine hours and thus extended the working time of the dryer. The results indicated that drying was faster and took less time in SBHD as compared to the OSD (Open Sun Drying). The maximum efficiency of biomass combustor and solar-biomass hybrid dryer was found to be 79.79 and 14.00 per cent, respectively. On the basis of economic analysis it is revealed that drying of 5 mm processed and unprocessed turmeric slices seems to be economical in SBHD. It was found that the system could generate an adequate and continuous flow of hot air in the temperature range of 50 to 60 C required for drying. In drying kinetic study, Modified Henderson and Pabis model was found best fitted for blanched and peeled turmeric slices of 5 mm thickness (SBP3) and Page model was found to be best fitted for blanched and unpeeled turmeric slices (SBN3) with higher R in comparison with other mathematical drying models. The best ranked thin layer drying model for the blanched and peeled turmeric slices (HBP3) dried in solar biomass hybrid dryer was Two term model. The best ranked thin layer drying model for the unblanched and peeled turmeric slices (HBN3) dried in solar biomass hybrid dryer was Logarithmic model. The drying of turmeric slices in SBHD gave better quality powder in terms of color (higher L*, a* and b* value) than open sun drying.


Somatic data visualization is a theory and technology that change abstraat somatic data to graph or image displayed on screen by using computer graphics and graphics processing technology. This paper studies somatic data modeling and visualization, analyses the program flow of reconstruction system, divides the system into modules, and put forward how to build system data structure. Finally, this paper introduces a somatic visualization system based on OpenGL by using C# and Poser7.0 development environment. As the number of reconstruction system of human body and triangular facet increses, which badly slows down rendering speed, this paper introduces a system which uses simplified grid algorithm based on edge collapse to record, manage and operate the reconstruction system.


THE arming of Eastern races depended on the standard of their culture and the materials to hand as well as on the climate and terrain. Whereas in the North of Africa mail was worn, as it was in Arabia, Turkey, Persia, Egypt and India, the Kaffir of the south fought almost naked and carried only a large hide shield for his defense.


Interharmonics are non-integer multiples of the fu ndamental frequency that causes several undesirable  effects. Variable frequency drives are main source s of interharmonics. Also interharmonics are genera ted when the inverter load is unbalanced or the invert er is operating in overmodulation. In this study, adjustable speed drive employing diode bridge recti fi r and voltage source inverter with load unbalanc e is considered. Propogation of interharmonics in the su pply side due to load unbalance is analysed and a n ovel method for mitiating interharmonics is proposed. T he proposed method employs an active filter in su pply side which is simulated using PSIM . With the prop osed active filter the compensation effectiveness i s significantly improved and allows the elimination o f passive filters thereby reducing cost and space required.


Getting Rid of Negativity Problems in condensed matter physics involving strong interactions are notoriously hard to tackle analytically, and physicists often resort to numerical methods such as quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). However, in the most interesting cases, this method becomes computationally intractable because partition sums for fermionic systems generally involve integration over an oscillatory function with both negative and positive values. Berg et al. (p. 1606) find a way around this problem for a two-dimensional metal in the vicinity of an antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition, which is of relevance to electron-doped cuprates, iron-based superconductors, and heavy fermion compounds. Their lattice theory results in a positive integrand for the partition sums; thus, avoiding the sign problem; and yields the expected competition between antiferromagnetic order and unconventional superconductivity near the critical point. An effective lattice theory enables an efficient computational solution to an otherwise intractable problem. The quantum theory of antiferromagnetism in metals is necessary for our understanding of numerous intermetallic compounds of widespread interest. In these systems, a quantum critical point emerges as external parameters (such as chemical doping) are varied. Because of the strong coupling nature of this critical point and the "sign problem" plaguing numerical quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods, its theoretical understanding is still incomplete. Here, we show that the universal low-energy theory for the onset of antiferromagnetism in a metal can be realized in lattice models, which are free from the sign problem and hence can be simulated efficiently with QMC. Our simulations show Fermi surface reconstruction and unconventional spin-singlet superconductivity across the critical point.


Human action representation, recognition and learning is of importance to guarantee a fruitful human-robot cooperation. In this paper, we propose a novel coordinate-free, scale invariant representation of 6D (position and orientation) motion trajectories. The advantages of the proposed invariant representation are twofold. First the performance of gesture recognition can be improved thanks to its invariance to different viewpoints and different body sizes of the actors. Secondly, the proposed representation is bi-directional. Not only the original Cartesian trajectory can be converted into the 6 invariant values, but also the motion in the original space can be retrieved back from the invariants. While the former aspect handles robust human gesture recognition, the latter allows the execution of robot motions without the need to store the Cartesian data. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed invariant representation for gesture recognition and accurate trajectory reconstruction.


Abstract: The civil rights and workplace protections afforded some government workers vary vastly nationwide because federal circuit courts disagree over how to interpret an exemption common to five landmark employment statutes. Each statute defines "employee" for its purposes to exclude politicians and certain categories of politicians' appointees - including government employees appointed by elected officials to serve at "the policyrnaking level." Neither Congress nor the United States Supreme Court has defined who belongs to the "policymaking-level" class. Consequently, lower federal courts across the country have adopted their own standards to fill the gap, creating a wide circuit split. At stake in this employment law vagary are basic worker rights guaranteed by major federal statutes. The U.S. Supreme Court or Congress should articulate a lucid definition for the exception for appointees on the "policymaking level" that honors Congress's intent for a narrow exception: the exemption should apply only to positions characterized by both a direct working relationship with the appointer and an explicit duty to make substantive policy. INTRODUCTION Consider the professionals that elected officials appoint to serve them at the "policymaking level" of American government. Agency directors likely spring to mind. Perhaps also executive cabinet members. But do probation officers' or health inspectors?2 Would you include part-time assessors3 or sheriffs' deputies?4 Some federal judges do deem such employees as serving at the "policymaking level" - a status that can cost workers some of their basic civil rights protections. Meanwhile, other federal courts take a contrary approach - declining to label as policymakers,5 for instance, the director of a senior services agency,6 a police commander,7 the head of a juvenile detention training center,8 and - again - sheriffs' deputies.9 The difference: geography. Whether courts deem politicians' appointees10 as "policymaking-level" workers - and thus beyond the reach of workers' rights statutes - depends on where the workers live. The civil rights and workplace protections afforded some government workers vary vastly nationwide because federal circuit courts disagree over how to interpret an exemption shared by five landmark employment statutes. Congress excluded elected officials and their top advisers from the laws protecting employees against discrimination" and substandard employment conditions.12 Each statute defines "employee" for its purposes13 to exclude politicians and certain categories of politicians' appointees who are not protected by civil service laws.14 The exempted categories - virtually identical among the statutes - include government employees who are appointed by elected officials to serve at "the policymaking level."15 Neither Congress nor the United States Supreme Court has defined who belongs to that "policymaking" class.16 The result is a statutory definition of "employee" so convoluted one federal judge described it as "an outstanding example of bad draftsmanship."17 Consequently, lower federal courts across the country have adopted their own standards to fill the gap, creating a wide circuit split.18 In 2010, the Seventh Circuit expressly declined to bridge the gap, deciding instead that the exception denied discrimination protections to all nine hundred19 of Illinois's assistant state's attorneys.20 Dozens of cases illustrate the inconsistent application of the "policymaking" exception. For example, one federal judge in New Mexico dismissed a former town administrator's age discrimination claim after deeming the position as on "policymaking level," in part because the administrator could recommend policies to superiors.21 But an Iowa judge came to the opposite conclusion on similar facts, finding that a county agency director did not qualify for the exception because he could only recommend policies, while his superiors retained the final say. …


Recent modeling of coffee bean roasting suggests that in the early stages of roasting, within each coffee bean, there are two emergent regions: a dried outer region and a saturated interior region. The two regions are separated by a transition layer (or, drying front). In this paper, we consider the asymptotic analysis of a recent multiphase model in order to gain a better understanding of its salient features. The model consists of a PDE system governing the thermal, moisture, and gas pressure profiles throughout the interior of the bean. By obtaining asymptotic expansions for these quantities in relevant limits of the physical parameters, we are able to determine the qualitative behavior of the outer and interior regions, as well as the dynamics of the drying front. Although a number of simplifications and scalings are used, we take care not to discard aspects of the model which are fundamental to the roasting process. Indeed, we find that for all of the asymptotic limits considered, our approximate sol...


Recursion is a typical algorithm design method, which plays an important role in training students to use computational thinking to analyze and solve problems. The BOPPPS model is a popular student-centered teaching mode at home and abroad in recent years, which emphasizes the participation of students and timely teaching feedback. In order to explore an effective teaching mode, this paper designs a recursive algorithm teaching design method combined with boppps model, which can effectively improve the participation of students and improve the quality of teaching.


Abstract: Since the 1950s, meadowbird populations have been under increasing threat from radical changes in farming practices. We studied the possibilities for conserving meadowbirds on modern, intensive dairy farms in the Netherlands. Here, the conventional strategy for the conservation of meadowbirds is to restrict farming intensity and compensate farmers for their production losses. To increase the breeding success of meadowbirds, however, dairy farmers can fine‐tune farming practices to yearly and local circumstances. Because this fine‐tuning is difficult to enforce by legislation, we propose that farmers be paid for clutches bred on their land. Thus, farmers are paid for what they produce, but not restricted in their farming practices. The results of the first small‐scale experiments, in which breeding success was compared between farms where farmers were paid for meadowbird clutches and farms where farmers were not paid, are encouraging. Breeding success of meadowbirds was significantly higher where farmers were paid than where they were not ( breeding success of Lapwing [  Vanellus vanellus]: 64.7% on paid farms, 48.2% on unpaid farms; Black‐tailed Godwit [  Limosa limosa]: 63.1% paid, 39.3% unpaid). The effects on meadowbird populations could not yet be detected. The per‐clutch payment system is less expensive than compensation for income losses: paying for clutches costs 40 Euro per clutch, whereas compensating for income losses costs 100–400 Euro per clutch (1 Euro is approximately equal to 1 U.S. dollar). Farmers are enthusiastic, and the system encourages cooperation between farmers and nature conservationists.


This study predicts consumer preference for social clothing at work, excluding uniforms using the self-product congruence theory that also establishes a model to predict the preference for recommended products that match the consumer's own image. A total of 490 Korean male office workers participated in this study. Participants' self-image and the product images of 20 apparel items were measured using nine adjective semantic scales (namely elegant, stable, sincere, refined, intense, luxury, bold, conspicuous, and polite). A model was then constructed to predict the consumer preferences using a neural network with Python and TensorFlow. The resulting Predict Preference Model using Product Image (PPMPI) was trained using product image and the preference of each product. Current research confirms that product preference can be predicted by the selfimage instead of by entering the product image. The prediction accuracy rate of the PPMPI was over 80%. We used 490 items of test data consisting of self-images to predict the consumer preferences for using the PPMPI. The test of the PPMPI showed that the prediction rate differed depending on product attributes. The prediction rate of work apparel with normative images was over 70% and higher than for other forms of apparel.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by obstructive breath,and it is progressive and incompletely reversible.COPD will deprive patients of ability in work and self-caring,and impair quality of life step by step.This lung disease even imposes psychological,nursing and financial burdens on patients and their families.How to make health education better is very important for COPD patients to enhance their health care consciousness and delay the progression of this disease.


Front Cover: Biodegradable nanogels based on polymers in which methacrylate groups were coupled to hydrophilic polymer backbones via biodegradable glycolate esters were developed. The obtained nanogels have tailorable degradation kinetics under physiological conditions by varying the structure of the polymers and crosslink density of the nanogels. The release of a loaded macromolecular model drug can be controlled upon the degradation of nanogels. Further details can be found in the article by Y. Chen, M. J. van Steenbergen, D. Li, J. B. van de Dikkenberg, T. Lammers, C. F. van Nostrum, J. M. Metselaar, W. E. Hennink on page 1122.


This paper presents a preliminary design of coordinated control scheme applied to an integrated airbreathing hypersonic vehicle and scramjet engine model. The involved model not only contains the significant couplings between aerodynamics and propulsion system but enables to embody the safety boundaries of scramjet engine. The coordinated control design is inspired by a basic idea that under a precondition of not changing the original independent flight and engine controller structure, utilizing engine safety margin variable to guide parameters of the flight controller and engine controller to fit the wide range of flight conditions and avoid undesirable engine working conditions happening. And coordinated control scheme also means to reveal the inevitable compromise between the flight performance and flight safety. Corresponding simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of coordinated control scheme over traditional control without coordination in maintaining the system stability and tracking velocity commands.


This is the first book to examine the origins and evolution of global public opinion in national and international policy-making. Written by a highly respected historian, this ground-breaking book provides case studies of world opinion in action, from the ending of apartheid in South Africa, to the protests against sweatshop practices in the early part of the 21st century. Peter Stearns also demonstrates the function and effectiveness of world opinion over the last two centuries, explaining what it is, why and how it originated, where it has succeeded and why. With a full examination of the relationship between world opinion and Islam and the protests against the 2003 Iraq war, author Peter Stearns also assesses the future possibilities of the role of world opinion.


Tissue engineering is a new approach for articular cartilage repair. The aim of the present article was to review the current status of cartilage tissue engineering researches. The scaffold materials used for cartilage tissue engineering, the in vitro, in vivo studies and the clinical trials were all reviewed. Our researches about in vitro cartilage tissue engineering with new type bioactive scaffold and preliminary animal studies results will also be described. The scaffold was tricopolymer made from gelatin, hyaluronan and chondroitin. Chondrocytes seeded in tricopolymer showed in vitro engineered cartilage formation. The engineered cartilage constructs were implanted into knee joints of miniature pigs for animal study.


Abstract : The report summarizes the development of a set of surface acoustic wave dispersive filters having an expanded pulse length of 80 microsec. and a recompressed pulse width of less than 100 nsec. After investigating the performance characteristics of devices made with conventional dispersive transducers on bismuth germainium oxide and lithium niobate substrates it was concluded that the low distortion levels desired for these devices could best be realized using reflective array compressor(RAC) delay lines. The subsequent design and development of the RAC devices are described together with a detail account of their performance in an experimental pulse compression test loop. (Author)


The paper considers the action of radial-layered lenses with a linear dependence of refractive index. The effect of such lenses depending on their thickness investigated. Numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain method showed the possibility of sub-wavelength focusing singular Gaussian beams through such lenses.


Introduction Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are overuse injuries that are common among athletes. Isolated eccentric muscle training has become the dominant conservative management strategy for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy but, in some cases, up to 45 % of patients may not respond. Eccentric-concentric progressing to eccentric (Silbernagel combined) and eccentric-concentric isotonic (heavy-slow resistance; HSR) loading have also been investigated. In order for clinicians to make informed decisions, they need to be aware of the loading options and comparative evidence. The mechanisms of loading also need to be elucidated in order to focus treatment to patient deficits and refine loading programmes in future studies. Objectives The objectives of this review are to evaluate the evidence in studies that compare two or more loading programmes in Achilles and patellar tendinopathy, and to review the non-clinical outcomes (potential mechanisms), such as improved imaging outcomes, associated with clinical outcomes. Methods Comprehensive searching (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents and SPORTDiscus TM ) identified 403 studies. Two authors independently reviewed studies for inclusion and quality. The final yield included 32 studies; ten compared loading programmes and 28 investigated at least one potential mechanism (six studies compared loading programmes and investigated potential mechanisms). Results This review has identified limited (Achilles) and conflicting (patellar) evidence that clinical outcomes are superior with eccentric loading compared with other loading programmes, questioning the currently entrenched clinical approach to these injuries. There is equivalent evidence for Silbernagel combined (Achilles) and greater evidence for HSR loading (patellar). The only potential mechanism that was consistently associated with improved clinical outcomes in both Achilles and patellar tendon rehabilitation was improved neuromuscular performance (e.g. torque, work, endurance), and Silbernagel-combined (Achilles) HSR loading (patellar) had an equivalent or higher level of evidence than isolated eccentric loading. In the Achilles tendon, a majority of studies did not find an association between improved imaging (e.g. reduced anteroposterior diameter, proportion of tendons with Doppler signal) and clinical outcomes, including all highquality studies. In contrast, HSR loading in the patellar tendon was associated with reduced Doppler area and anteroposterior diameter, as well as greater evidence of collagen turnover, and this was not seen following eccentric loading. HSR seems more likely to lead to tendon adaptation and warrants further investigation. Improved jump performance was associated with Achilles but not patellar tendon clinical outcomes. The mechanisms associated with clinical benefit may vary between loading


Introduction Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation. Previously, we generated BSP-KAE knock-in mice (KAEKI mice) by substituting a non-function KAE (lysine-alanine-glutamic acid) for the integrin-binding RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) sequence and reported a vital role of the BSP-RGD motif in modulating the periodontal ligament (PDL). Specifically, histologically a disorganization of the PDL was noted, resulting in a weakened function of the PDL as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. Intriguingly, also noted was a weight gain as KAEKI mice aged. While several proteins associated with mineralized tissues are reported to affect energy metabolism, the metabolic role of the BSP-RGD region has yet to be elucidated. Here we focus on defining the role of the BSP-RGD region in metabolic activity. Methods Body weight, body composition, and caloric intake were measured in wild type (WT) and KAEKI mice. Energy expenditure was estimated using energy balance technique. Epididymal fat, interscapular fat, and liver were harvested for histological analysis. Systemic metabolic phenotype was assessed by sera analyses, insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance tests. Results The results showed that KAEKI mice developed mild obesity starting from 13 weeks postnatal (wpn). The increase in body weight correlated with an increase in lean mass and visceral adiposity. Histological examination revealed adipocyte hypertrophy in white epididymal fat and interscapular brown fat in KAEKI vs. WT mice at 17 wpn. Metabolic profiling indicated that KAEKI mice had dyslipidemia and hyperleptinemia but no significant changes in glucose metabolism. Energy balance analyses revealed that hyperphagia preceded weight gain in KAEKI mice. Conclusion These data suggest that the RGD region of BSP affects energy metabolism by regulating food intake, with further studies warranted to uncover the underlying mechanisms.


We deal with the Sturm--Liouville operator $Ly=l(y)=-\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}+q(x)y,$ with Dirichlet--Neumann boundary conditions $ y(0)=y'(\pi)=0 $ in the space $L_2[0,\pi]$. We assume that the potential $q$ is complex-valued and has the form $q(x)=u'(x)$, where $u\in L_2[0,\pi]$. Here the derivative is treated in the distributional sense. Our aim is to obtain the detailed asymptotic formulae for eigenvalues and eigen- and associated functions of the operator $L$.


In order to quantify coffee taste and compare various flavor coffee in the market,the Taste Sensing System TS-5000Z was selected to analyse ten kinds of coffee from two brands,Nestle and MR.BROWN.Sourness, sweetness,bitterness,umami,saltiness,astringency,aftertaste bittereness,aftertaste astringency and aftertaste umami( i.e.richness) were exported,combined with ranking method to evaluate samples and then estimate consistency between the two methods.It turned out that the sourness,sweetness,saltiness,umami and richness of selected coffee were different.Nescafe espresso and mellow possessed weakest sourness,greatest sweetness and umami.There was lesser difference between the seven Brown coffee.Considering sensory evalution,every flavor Nescafe owned its personalized taste,while MR.BROWN had smaller change.Fitted the value between electronic tongue and sensory evalution,the degree were greater( R2more than 0.8).By using Taste Sensing System TS- 5000Z,both the capacity of distinguishing and sensitivity were enhanced,each taste indicators of coffee was quantified sufficiently,the prouducts taste characteristic were confirmed,which can support the product development or improvement.Also,it will become an efficient instrument in product quality evaluation.


Protect Yourself! Easy, step-by-step help from the world's most trusted security provider. The internet is crawling with risks; if you bank or shop online, or even just surf the Web and send e-mail, you are exposed to hackers, thieves, and con artists. Today's bad guys don't need to pick your locks or break your windows: they can attack you and your family over the Internet. Are you prepared? Enjoy a safer online experience with easy, step-by-step help from Symantec, the world's most trusted security provider. This easy-to-understand book helps protect you against Internet threats. Written specifically for nontechnical computer users, you'll learn simple ways to keep you and your family safe and secure while online: keep your PC free of spyware, adware, worms, viruses, and intruders; protect your identity and privacy; browse the Web safely and eliminate junk mail from your inbox; keep eavesdroppers out of your wireless network; make the most of the new security features built into Windows XP; shield your children from pornography and online predators; protect your new Internet-based phone service; and download free tools that help you keep your computer safe.


Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.


Exploration of the abdominal arteries and veins may be technically challenging but it also reveals valuable information about the blood flow patterns present in normal vessels and those with pathology. While B-mode imaging demonstrates the morphology of vessel walls and lumens, spectral, color and power Doppler imaging detail the presence, location and severity of disease. Evaluation of the hepato-portal system provides information on blood flow patterns through the arteries, veins and collateral network that supply and drain the liver in the normal patient and those with hepato-portal dysfunction. Interrogation of the mesenteric system in the pre and post-prandial patient reveals the fascinating changes in Doppler spectral patterns that occur with alterations in flow demand in response to the metabolic demands associated with digestion. Renal duplex studies provide an opportunity to experience changes in blood flow patterns that occur not only with stenosis and occlusion of the renal artery and its branches but also with changes in vascular resistance of the end –organ. As with the circulatory systems in other areas of the body, B-Mode imaging of the abdominal vessels complemented with analysis of the Doppler spectral waveforms yields valuable clues to the detection and classification of vascular disorders.


Thermal conductivity measurements up to 1350°C of silicon carbide refractory materials have been made, using the water calorimeter method. Data were secured on furnace walls such as those commonly used in practice and results are believed to be accurate to within about 1%. Conductivity measurements were made on seven carborundum single walls and on eight carborundum-fire-clay composite walls. The relation of the thermal conductivity to temperature, chemical composition, and porosity was investigated, as well as the magnitude of the surface and joint effects. The conductivity of carborundum was found to vary with the quantity of heat energy transmitted through the wall. Tables are given showing the coefficients of thermal conductivity and heat flow through various types of walls with a temperature of 1500°C in the combustion chamber.

Temperature gradient charts and heat flow curves for various walls are also given together with the practical application of the results in the design of commercial furnaces.


An image lossless compression coding performance is researched for Deslauriers-Dubuc(m,n)interpolating wavelet transform with SPIHT based on lifting scheme .experimented result indicate that The Transform is integer-integer invertible transform based on lifting scheme and integer operation , suitable fast and in progressively until to image lossless compression .performance of lossless compression is well good then popular Huffman?WinRar? Raw+WinZip?JPEGLS. For example in (4,4) by comparison whit these method average improved the compression rate by about 63%,49%,46%,34% respectively . due to invertible transform is based on integer operation may be by addition and shift completed, so that fast and easy to dynamic image coding and hardware implement.


With Lewis Acids as catalysts in melt system, the influence of kinds of Lewis Acids, dosages of catalysts on the behaviors of crosslinking and grafting of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) were investigated. The Lewis Acids, such as anhydrous AlCl(3), FeCl(3), SnCl(4), could initiate the crosslinking of EPDM and the grafting between EPDM and polystyrene (PS). The carbon-carbon double bonds existing on EPDM chain were favorable to the formation of the initial carbocation in the presence of Lewis Acids. The carbocation initiated carbonium ion polymerization between the unsaturated bonds, or substituted for a proton from the phenyl in the presence of PS forming EPDM-g-PS copolymer. Anhydrous aluminum chloride was found to be an efficient catalyst and its initiating temperatures for crosslinking or grafting were about 110 degrees C. The amounts of gel and the data of torques showed that there was a competition between the crosslinking-grafting reaction and the degradation of blending components in the presence of AlCl(3). The EPDM-g-PS copolymer served as a compatibilizer in the EPDM/PS blends and enhanced the mechanical properties. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 2961-2967, 2011


Cathodoluminescence-mapping experiments of n- and p-type 6H SiC intentionally doped with vanadium (V) show a local anti-correlation of the V/sup 4+/ related IR-luminescence and the near bandedge donor-acceptor pair luminescence (N/spl rarr/Al). This fact indicates, that V acts as minority carrier lifetime determining impurity. The suppression of the V/sup 4+/ luminescence near crystallographic defects is discussed under the possible mechanism of V precipitate formation. The binding-energy of the V/sup 4+/5+/ donor level is determined to E/sub v/+1.57/spl plusmn/0.05 eV by photoluminescence excitation measurements.


Port coastline is the basic resources of port construction, not only scarce, but also non-renewable. It is the national precious strategic resources. The value assessment of port coastline is an important theoretical basis on the sustainable utilization of port coastline resources. In this paper,via the definition of port coastline value connotation, in-depth analysis of the necessity of value assessment and its theoretic foundation ,finally the paper has made systematic assessment to the port coastline value by using of comprehensive weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.


This sweeping paper provides a concise critical overview of federalism scholarship and practice in comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. It presents and critiques historical debates about defining federalism, maps out a comprehensive normative theory of federalism, suggests the centrality of a refined theory to legal disputes, discusses the significance of new institutional theory, and reconsiders the purported consequences of federal architecture for key issues such as policy stability and polity stability. The paper closes by exploring avenues for expanding the reach of federalism all the way from private to global governance.


Benjamin M. Swarts completed his BA in chemistry from the College of Wooster (Wooster, Ohio) in 2004 and then studied under the supervision of Professor Zhongwu Guo at Wayne State University (Detroit, Michigan), obtaining a PhD in organic chemistry in 2010. He was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Carolyn R. Bertozzi at UC Berkeley under the support of the Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases and the American Cancer Society. During his postdoc, he was also a visiting researcher at Stellenbosch University (Cape Town, South Africa). In 2013, he became an assistant professor at Central Michigan University, where his research group focuses on developing chemical tools to investigate the cell-wall glycoconjugates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Swarts' Lab website: http://people.cst.cmich.edu/ swart1bm/swartslab/).


Background and Aim:  Endoscopy is an important clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, biopsy tissue is still required in many cases to obtain a definitive histopathological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate confocal endomicroscopy (CEM) as a tool for conducting virtual biopsies of the colon by comparing CEM images with biopsy samples from normal colon.


One of the main drawbacks of laser based powder bed fusion, is lack of fusion between tracks due to non-optimal input process parameters, scanning and building strategies and/or inhomogeneity in the delivered powder layer. Unstable geometrical characteristics of single tracks and high roughness of the powder layer can cause porosity in 3 dimensional printed parts. In this study a non-destructive online monitoring technique, using acoustic emission was utilized to determine lack of fusion and balling effect of single tracks. This phenomenon was simulated by using an increased powder layer thickness. Short Time Fourier Transform was used as a tool for analysis of the acoustic behaviour of the system and it was compared with the acoustic emission (AE) recorded during processing of single tracks. 2087 Solid Freeform Fabrication 2018: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference Reviewed Paper


Patient 1: A 77-year-old woman was diagnosed with platypneaorthodeoxia syndrome due to massive patent foramen ovale (PFO). During the control transthoracic echocardiography (showing moderate residual shunt) the day after PFO closure, immediately after the microbubble injection (bubbles produced by injecting 0.5–1.0 ml of ambient air in 10 ml of a mixture of a 0.9% saline/5% glucose solution which is shaken manually for 1 min; residual visible air on top of the solution was evacuated before injection), the patient developed mutism, somnolence and right hemiparesis. The patient improved rapidly with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) and became asymptomatic 2 days later. Patient 2: A 49-year-old man had a right middle cerebral artery TIA 14 years earlier, attributed to a massive PFO with atrial septal aneurysm. The patient now decided to close the PFO. Thirty seconds after the microbubble injection (for method, see patient 1) during a transthoracic echocardiography to confirm the PFO, the patient presented with bilateral transient visual loss and a left hemisyndrome. HOT was started immediately after hospital arrival and before neuroimaging. After HOT, only a left-sided hyperreflexia was present and the MRI taken 7 h after stroke onset was normal. The PFO was closed 3 weeks later. Patient 3: A 67-year-old woman with chronic superior vena cava syndrome was dialyzed for diabetic nephropathy through a central venous catheter (CVC). Fifteen minutes after the beginning of a dialysis session, she developed acute right eye deviation and left hemiparesis. Right frontal intracortical air bubbles were found on acute CT, and focal cerebral edema was found 5 days later ( fig. 1 a, b). A moderate-sized PFO was detected. She initially had partial recovery but died 6 weeks later from sepsis. Patient 4: A 34-year-old man with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease had multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) embolized 13 years earlier. Over a period of 5 days he now experienced multiple episodes of transitory left hemiparesis, followed by a stroke with a left hemisyndrome. After partial improvement over 2 days, he developed multiple episodes of chest pain and secondarily generalized seizures. Ischemic ECG changes and cardiac enzyme elevation occurred, but coronary angiography was normal. After partial embolization of the PAVMs, he developed another acute left hemisyndrome, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, cardiac massage and intubation. Cerebral CT showed parenchymal air emboli ( fig. 2 b), MRI revealed ischemic strokes ( fig. 2 c), and transcranial Doppler detected multiple spontaneous embolic signals. More PAVMs were embolized ( fig. 2 a), and the patient recovered progressively. Patient 5: A 74-year-old man with chronic liver cancer developed syncope 30 min after a needle biopsy of a lung nodule, followed by dysarthria and gait ataxia. The thoracic CT at the end of the biopsy retrospectively showed air bubbles in the left ventricle ( fig. 3 a). MRI confirmed ischemic strokes. A minor-sized PFO was also detected ( fig. 3 b). The patient recovered completely spontaneously within 48 h. Introduction Arterial air embolism can result from the introduction of air directly into the arterial system, incomplete filtration of venous air emboli by the pulmonary capillaries, or paradoxical right-to-left embolization [1] . It is a medical emergency as it can lead to cerebral ischemic events (CIE) such as ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), or to acute coronary syndrome. The incidence of cerebral air embolism (CAE) in a stroke population remains unknown [2–5] . We aim to present the incidence, causes, treatment and course of nonaccidental CAE-related CIE in an academic center over a 10-year period.


Sulfur compounds in Russian atmospheric gas oil were separated into thiophene and thioether compounds by the oxidation-reduction method using selective oxidant and reducing agent.Their structures were then identified by GC-MS.The result showed that the main constituents of the concentrated solution of thioether compounds were identified to be alkyl-tetrahydrothiophene and alkyltetrahydrothiopyran with C4-C13 carbon chain,and those of the concentrated solution of thiophene compounds were identified to be alkylbenzothiophene with C0-C9 carbon chain and alkyldibenzothiophene with C0-C3 carbon chain.The results indicated that the oxidation-reduction method was effective on the separation of sulfur comounds.


Abstract The key factors that impact on the evolution of stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks in the small crack regime are highlighted and a detailed description is given of the mechanistic basis of the environmentally small/short crack effect. Stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue crack growth rate measurements in the small and short crack regime, principally on steels, are then reviewed and the results discussed in the context of current understanding of the controlling processes.


Ginseng is a precious herbal medicine and can treat many diseases. Ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, have various biological activities. This review aims at describing the antiviral inhibitory of ginsenosides through summarizing the research progress on different virus such as hepatitis virus, respiratory virus, herpesvirus and HIV.

Key words:
Ginseng; Ginsenosides; Antiviral drugs (TCD); Review


The paper is devoted to monitoring the development in the Russian criminal legislation of responsibility for the illegal movement of strategically important goods and resources across the customs border of the Customs Union within the EurAsEC or the State border of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the author argues the correctness of the indication in the disposition of Art. 226.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation a State Border as a place of commission of the crime under consideration. The author provides a detailed list of strategically important goods and resources, since the establishment of the subject matter of a crime makes it possible to qualify the offense and differntiate criminal smuggling from smuggling the responsibility for which is envisaged only in administrative legislation. The author substantiates the statement according to which this type of smuggling infringes not on public safety, but on relations in the field of economic activity. Therefore, a proposal is made to return the criminal law rule to Ch. 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it is proposed to establish criminal liability for smuggling flora and fauna items classified as strategically important goods and resources in a separate article in the Chapter entitled "Environmental Crimes" with due regard to the social danger of this act. The liability should not be related to the value of the goods and resources being moved. Taking into account only the cost of biological resources in their protection under criminal law does not reflect the real social danger of these acts. The need for the protection of biological resources using criminal law instruments is caused not only and not so much by economic preconditions but by the need to preserve rare and endangered representatives of flora and fauna for future generations—the most important components of the ecosystem of the entire planet. The author draws conclusions largely aimed at observing the systematic nature of the criminal law due to the peculiarities of the object of the offence.


ABSTRACT: The early use of antimicrobial therapy has been introduced in many farms to prevent diarrhea and respiratory disease in young calves; however, there is controversy about whether this practice has a beneficial effect on the health of these animals. This study evaluated the influence of the early use of antimicrobials on the health and performance of neonatal Holstein calves. Twenty-six Holstein calves were screened and divided into two groups, according to the administration (ATB+), or not (ATB-) of tulathromycin (2.5mg/kg, subcutaneously) within the first 12 hours of life. Calves were evaluated by general clinical examination, fecal score, respiratory score, and external palpation of the umbilical region, besides fecal output of dry matter. Anemia was determined by using an automatic system and, also, using a commercial kit for iron dosage. Diarrhea was diagnosed by a centrifuge-flotation technique using a sugar solution (Cryptosporidium) and multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR (rotavirus/coronavirus). The performance of the calves was estimated by Daily Weight Gain (DWG). The young dairy calves were evaluated within 12 hours of birth (≤12h) and at 3-5th (D3-5), 7-9th (D7-9), 13-15th (D13-15), 20-23rd (D20-23), and 27-30th (D27-30) days of life. No difference was noted between the ATB+ and ATB- groups concerning heart rate, respiratory frequency, and rectal temperature. Erythrogram showed a higher frequency of anemia in ATB- group (P=0.016) at the D3-5 check-up; lower values of serum iron were also observed simultaneously (P=0.051). Thirteen cases of respiratory disease were detected during this study; however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard. The frequency of diarrhea (fecal score 2-3) was high in both groups, peaking at D13-D15. No differences were noted between the groups regarding the frequency of diarrhea when considering the dry fecal matter. The predominant etiological agent for diarrhea was Cryptosporidium spp.. The DWG was similar between groups, with maximum weight reduction on D13-15. The administration of tulathromycin in prophylactic dose (2.5mg/kg) at birth decreased the frequency of anemia but did not influence weight gain or the prevalence of diarrhea.