Background: A communal health problem amongst immobilized patients is pressure ulcer that extend their period of hospitalization. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of body repositioning in immobilized patients to prevent pressure ulcer in intensive care units at public hospital, Pakistan. Research Methodology: A quasi experimental with non-equivalent control group design was used to assess the effect of body repositioning among immobilized patients to prevent pressure ulcer. Results: A major difference between the interventional (1.35±.520) and control group (1.73±.790) mean of body repositioning to reduce the pressure ulcer among immobilized patients. P value is 0.000 which was less than .001 shows an important difference in mean of interventional and control group.


Background Functional restoration programs (FRP) are multi-disciplinary programs that have demonstrated their effectiveness in chronic low back pain (CLBP) but they appear to be little known by patients and/or physicians. Objectives To assess the knowledge and expectations of CLBP patients and physicians about FRP. Methods Multicenter cross-sectional study in 2017 in 6 tertiary-care hospitals in France. Consecutive patients with CLBP (more than 6 weeks) who were seen for their CLBP were included. Physicians (rheumatologists or general practitioners, GPs) who had referred at least 5 patients to the tertiary-care centres were sent a survey. Patients and physicians were asked about their knowledge and expectations of a FRP. Results were scored as 'correct' regarding health professionals involved in the FRP, if both doctors and (physiotherapists or physical activity coach) were ticked; and 'correct' for duration if 3 to 6 weeks. Expectations regarding the FRP were rated on a list of potential expectations on a scale of 0–10. Expectations were scored ' correct' if return to work was scored ≥7/10, and 'fully correct' if physical activity and pain management, but not 'healing' were also expected. Responses were then compared between patients and physicians by Chi 2 test. Results Of 172 patients, median age 48 years (IQR 38–58), median CLBP duration 5 years (IQR 2–10), 60.0% women: 110 (64.0%) had no knowledge of FRP; 22 had already participated in an FRP. The remaining 40 patients were compared to physicians (figure 1). Of 80 physicians, 42.5% GPs and 53.7% rheumatologists, 57.5% women: 21 (26.2%) had no knowledge of FRP (p value<0.0001 vs patients). The remaining 59 were compared to the 40 patients. Knowledge of FRP health professionals was 'correct' for 13/40 (32.5%) patients vs 41/59 (69.5%) physicians (p=0.0003); and knowledge of duration was 'correct' for 26/40 (65.0%) vs 46/59 (78.0%) physicians (p=0.15). Expectations were 'correct' for 21/40 (52.5%) patients vs 44/59 (74.6%) for physicians (p=0.02), and 'fully correct' for 9/40 (22.5%) patients vs 16/59 (27.1%) for physicians (p=0.6). Conclusions FRP was largely unknown to patients with CLBP. Even those who were aware of the FRP did not know what to expect. While physicians' knowledge and perception of the FRP was better, there was still a lack of knowledge and therefore a likely underutilization or misuse of the FRP. Information campaigns are needed. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The present study examines four pairs or eight students who wrote their creative writing assignments collaboratively. As opposed to the popular view, which stated that writing is one of the most difficult subjects to learn for EFL students, many studies have reported that collaborative writing (henceforth CW) is regarded as a technique that can improve students' productive writing skills to a great extent. The researchers would like to see how effective CW was for the students who did their writing assignments with their pairs by employing a qualitative case study to examine the eight students' experiences in writing their essays and fictional stories. The researchers wanted to know why some students could adapt to this learning model, and others faced some problems or failed to achieve the target of learning outcomes. Opened-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews are used to elicit data from the students. The first pair was the most successful example of partnership in writing since they opened themselves for critiques and suggestions. In contrast, the second pair had some problems that disturbed their collaboration as they did not seem to open themselves for critiques and suggestions. The third pair failed to do an effective partnership because they could not solve problems that blocked their cooperation right from the beginning. The fourth pair found their way for an effective collaboration when they opened themselves for critiques and suggestions. The success or failure in the partnership heavily depends on each student collaborator's willingness to open themselves for criticism and suggestion.


An elementary software package, for examining the randomness of
security systems keys. has been introduced . We used the famous Gold sequence sets
[] 0-] 3] as a candidate set of keys. to be examined by our package selecting the most
suitable keys . The package excures the most 3 important randomness tests : the
autocorrelation function test. the run test, and the balance test. The results were very
promising and the package was very fast. We introduce some enhancement
suggestions .


The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Vaccine Development Programme jointly sponsored a Workshop on Respiratory Syncytial and Parainfluenza Viruses on 4 and 5 May 1987. The purpose was to assess the current status and future direction of research efforts on these two virus groups. In three sessions, speakers addressed topics of clinical perspective (Kenneth McIntosh, chair), viral genome structure and protein function (Gail Wertz, chair), and vaccine development and therapy (David Karzon, chair). Future research priorities, which are summarized below, were discussed at the end of each session.


Optical geometric-phase metasurfaces provide a robust and efficient means for light wave control by simply manipulating the spatial orientations of the in-plane anisotropic meta-atoms, where polarization conversion plays a vital role. However, the concept of acoustic geometric-phase modulation for acoustic field control remains unexplored because airborne acoustic waves lack a similar optical polarization conversion process. In this work, a new type of acoustic meta-atom with deep-subwavelength feature size is theoretically investigated and further applied to acoustic field engineering based on the emerged concept of acoustic geometric phase. Herein, tunable acoustic geometric-phase modulation of designated order is obtained via the near-field coupled orbital angular momentum transfer process, and the topological charge-multiplexed acoustic geometric phase endows our meta-arrays with multiple functionalities. Our work extends the capacity of the acoustic geometric-phase meta-arrays in high-quality acoustic field reconstruction and offers new possibilities in multifunctional acoustic meta-holograms.


This paper report a brief review of the neuromorphic computing systems along with a brief overview of their working principle, their design methodologies. Also this papers provides an insight to the new design techniques which opens up the possibility to attain high speed and large complexity with a lower energy cost. The neuropmorphic systems which are inspired by biological phenomenon's are most promising candidate for next generation information processing and computations. The scopes, opportunities and challenges faced by the neuromorphic computing systems has been also discussed.


The line of research is based on the perspective of cultural psychology and believes that the contexts in which humans are raised are vital to explaining their development. Over recent decades, the mass-media has grown and progressed so rapidly that we now believe it is necessary to take its influence into account in relation to the development of values and the construction of identity. We believe that television is important not only because of its cause and effect relationship or direct influence on viewers, but also because it presents models of behavior and social and interpersonal relations that, both implicitly and explicitly, address aspects related to the construction of identity and values. Thus, one of the general objectives of this line of research is to explore the similarities and differences between various indicators of television viewing profiles, values and the construction of identity in different ages groups and culturally different contexts.Similarly, the aim is also to explore in more detail parental mediation in television viewing habits in relation to values and identification with the characters of favorite programs. The same themes are also explored in relation to people suffering from some kind of developmental disorder.


Implementing hierarchical teaching can fully arouse the different levels of students' interest in learning,promote the development of thinking ability of students,cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems,improve the ability of innovation in the advanced mathematics learning based on the students' original experience,intelligence and personality characteristics. 'Hierarchical teaching' is a good teaching method which can teach students in accordance with their aptitude. This method let the students in different levels to obtain the optimal development through some efforts and achieve good teaching effect and teaching effectively.This method achieve efficient classroom,improving students' mathematics quality and provide effective support for multi- level talent training.


ID3 algorithm is a classical algorithm in data mining,this algorithm has the worse ability to resist noise.Via the research on ID3 algorithm,according to the thought of variable precision rough set,the algorithm is improved by setting threshold value while cal-culating attributes' entropy,in order to relax the restrictions while selecting attributes.After the improved ID3 algorithm(VPID3),the interference of noise to classification could be reduced to a certain extent,this made result correspond to reality even more,is used finally,the feasibility of the improved algorithm is illustrated with an example.


BACKGROUND
Safety net family planning (FP) clinics provide vital care for women in high HIV-burden areas and may be ideal pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery sites. Yet, many FP providers lack knowledge about PrEP.

SETTING
Four safety net FP clinics in Atlanta, Georgia.

METHODS
We provided a 1.5-hour PrEP informational training for 28 providers working in these sites. To assess the training's impact on PrEP counseling, we enrolled 500 female patients after training (47% ≤ 28 years; 69% black; 12% Hispanic) and determined their PrEP indication based on CDC guidelines. We conducted a postvisit survey to assess provider counseling and patients' interest in PrEP and acceptance of off-site PrEP referral.

RESULTS
From pre-training to post-training, provider PrEP knowledge and confidence to identify women who may benefit from PrEP significantly increased. Only 19% of women knew about PrEP before the visit. Among 376 sexually active women, 29% had risk consistent with PrEP indication. Among PrEP-indicated women, 66% reported the provider discussed PrEP, 29% were interested in taking PrEP, but only 18% accepted off-site PrEP referral. Most (76%) were more willing to take PrEP if provided by the FP clinic.

CONCLUSIONS
After a brief PrEP training, most women with HIV-risk indicators received PrEP counseling during their visits. Once counseled, women expressed interest if it were offered at the FP clinic rather than through off-site referral. Findings highlight the potential impact that PrEP capacity building within safety net FP clinics in high HIV-burden areas may have on PrEP scale-up for women.


This paper analyzes the economic characteristics of Weihai and South Korea, development situation, advantages and disadvantages for Weihai introducing South Korea investment. Trough this it puts forward relevant strategies and suggestions on the development of Weihai introducing South Korea investment. This study has certain practical significance to promote the economic development of Weihai.


Predictive psychodiagnostics is the process of forming a predictive assessment of any metric based on the data of psychodiagnostic testing. The formation of a predictive estimate is a classification problem and a variety of algorithmic approaches can be used to solve it – logistic regression, support vector machines, decision trees, neural networks, and many others. The article describes the practice of using algorithms based on decision trees to create models used in solving predictive psychodiagnostics problems, as well as cases in which their application is most relevant. The results obtained using the models built on the basis of the decision tree algorithm using gradient boosting show sufficient predictability and statistical significance in comparison with the methods of traditional psychodiagnostics used to solve personnel assessment problems


Abstract A number of studies manipulating the length of the interval between conditioning and testing indicate spontaneous recovery from overshadowing, suggesting that certain instances of overshadowing represent a deficit in memory retrieval rather than a failure of animals to form an association between the overshadowed stimulus and the US. The present series of experiments examined the influence of lengthening the retention interval on blocking, another stimulus selection phenomenon that is typically interpreted as an acquisition deficit. The results indicated that when subjects were tested shortly (3 days) after training conditioning to a taste blocked subsequent conditioning to an odor conditioned in compound with that taste (Experiment 1), whereas prior conditioning to an odor did not block subsequent conditioning to a taste conditioned in compound with that odor (Experiment 2). This pattern of results was essentially unchanged when testing occurred at a longer (21-day) retention interval. However, there was evidence of a US preexposure effect in Experiment 2 when subjects in the US ONLY control condition were tested at the 3-day retention interval, but not when testing occurred 21 days after conditioning. Experiments 3 and 4 examined whether this loss of the US preexposure effect over time might actually represent a change in the degree of contextual blocking as the retention interval is lengthened. Exposure to the conditioning context either during the interval between Phase 1 and Phase 2 of conditioning (Experiment 3) or prior to Phase 1 of conditioning (Experiment 4) alleviated this US preexposure effect suggesting that the loss of the US preexposure effect as the retention interval is lengthened observed in Experiment 2 is due to changes in the degree of blocking by contextual stimuli over time. The results are discussed in terms of differential susceptibility of forgetting of two functional roles played by a contextual stimuli in the current situation-context as a CS and context as a retrieval cue for other CS-US associations.


The import and export situation of China textile dyeing assistants during "Eleventh Five-Year" were introduced.The present problems puzzling the industry development includes the low entry of industry,many enterprises,severe product homogeneity,overcapacity,attention to complex but contempt to synthesis,and lack of core products.The development trends of China textile dyeing assistants are: developing matching textile dyeing assistants adapting novel fibers and complex fabrics,green is the mainstream of the development of textile chemicals,the manufacture combination of new technology,new materials and traditional textile dyeing assistants.


Abstract 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) has been prepared from the corresponding dimethylacetal (HNE-DMA), in turn synthesized by a conventional approach with a few modifications of the experimental protocol and some improvements in the purification of the final product. In order to exploit the sensitivity of gas-chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) in the analysis of HNE derivatives, reaction of HNE with 2,4,6-trichlophenylhydrazine (TCPH) and 3,5-dichloro-phenylhydrazine (DCPH) was tested. Reaction with TCPH afforded a mixture of products, whereas with DCPH a single major product was formed that was prepared on a millimolar scale and purified. 1H-NMR analysis established that the derivative of HNE with DCPH is HNE 3,6-dichloro-phenylhydrazone, that can be used as standard for GC-ECD analysis


This paper develops a bumpless wafer-on-wafer (WoW) memory integration approach in order to increase its throughput and reliability without sacrificing the electrical and mechanical performances compared to the bump-containing chip-on-chip (CoC) integration. The features are that through silicon vias are bottom–up filled after multilayer wafers bonding and connected to the predeposited redistribution layers on the front side of each wafer simultaneously. A given mass of four-layer bumpless WoW integration samples and bump-containing CoC integration samples is fabricated. The electrical testing, X-ray inspection, cross-section observation, stress testing, and thermal cycling testing are employed in order to compare the characterization of the two integration approaches. All test results support that there is a better performance, higher throughput, and lower cost in the proposed bumpless WoW integration approach, which indicates that this proposed approach may be a good candidate for memories-stacking application.


Background: Recently, there has been a progressive reduction in the use of animals for teaching purpose due to ethical consideration. Computer-assisted learning (CAL) is one of the non-animal alternatives in experimental pharmacology to simulate the live experiment using animals. Although it offers benefits of being reproducible, time saving, and having minimum errors, it has its own drawbacks.

Aims and Objectives: The present study is undertaken to study the effectiveness of CAL by comparing demonstration method using live animals and CAL method among 2nd year MBBS students.

Materials and Methods: A total of 71 students participated in the study. They were given a set of multiple‑choice questions (MCQs) on a selected topic (effect of diazepam on mice using Rotarod apparatus) after demonstration of experiment using animals. Later, CAL was performed by all the students followed by the same set of MCQs. A student feedback questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale was also given to all the students to get their opinion about the simulation experiments.

Results: The students had a better average score in CAL method as compared to the method using animals (82.4% vs. 44.6%). Based on feedback, majority of students (70%) agreed in favor of CAL.

Conclusion: The effectiveness of CAL in teaching experimental pharmacology has been demonstrated and students agreed that CAL assisted them in understanding the topic better as the effects were visualized on the screen clearly. Thereby, such simulations should be considered as an essential component of the standard curriculum.


We study how the dynamical vector degree of freedom in modified gravity affects the CMB B-mode polarization in terms of the Einstein-aether theory. In this theory, vector perturbations can be generated from inflation, which can grow on superhorizon scales in the subsequent epochs and thereby leaves imprints on the CMB B-mode polarization. We derive the linear perturbation equations in a covariant formalism, and compute the CMB B-mode polarization using the CAMB code modified so as to incorporate the effect of the aether vector field. We find that the amplitude of the B-mode signal from the aether field can be larger than the contribution from the inflationary gravitational waves for reasonable initial conditions and for a viable range of model parameters, in which perturbation modes propagate superluminally. We also give an analytic argument explaining the shape of the spectrum based on the tight coupling approximation.


The modern consumer is very much interested in healthy food. The reason is that a special group of consumers is focusing more and more attention on health and nutrition problems. Further, there is increased emphasis on education in food science at universities as well as polytechnics. For some years worldwide dietary goals are published with the intention to reduce nutrition-based sickness. For the first time in our nutrition report 1988, clear proposals for optimal nutrition were formulated.


We find the one-way mode (OWM) can be well-confined at the magnetic domain wall by the photonic bandgap of gyromagnetic bulk material. Utilizing the well-confined one-way mode at the domain wall, we demonstrate the photonic one-way waveguide, splitter and bender can be realized with simple structures, which are predicted to be high-efficiency, broadband, frequency-independent, reflection-free, crosstalk-proof, and robustness against disorder. Additionally, we find that the splitter and bender in our proposal can be transformed into each other with magnetic control, which may have great potential applications in all photonic integrated circuit.


We show that string theories allow interactions potentially leading to photon and graviton-mass terms when one or more scalar fields acquire vacuum expectation values. A general analysis is presented for the case when one of these scalars is the electroweak Higgs-boson doublet. The results provide a new constraint on model building for string theories.


Abstract : The question of how to meet our military obligations at home and abroad is necessarily answered from many viewpoints: tactical, technical, and financial. As the Navy faces serious cutbacks in its budget, the financial aspect increases in importance disaproportionately over the other factors. Nevertheless, in an attempt to maximize the dollar without sacrificing efficiency, a review of alternative systems is now needed. This study analyzes the low-end, low-technology, small aircraft carriers, called sea-control ships, as they have developed. Additionally, it considers the research currently available as well as the considered opinions of leading naval experts. Using an historical approach, the study reviews these ships as they came into existence at the beginning of this century and pays particular attention to the World War II era where they were used effectively to replace more costly ships. The study identifies situations where sea-control ships satisfactorily function and where they do not. It discusses modern technological developments which increase its potential, as part of a mixed force with the high-end, high-technology, large- deck carriers, and the future this type of ship may face. Keywords: Sea control ships, Aircraft carriers, VSTOL, Harrier, Sea Harrier, Harrier II, International small aircraft carriers, small aircraft carriers.


The existence of opportunistic behavior by contractors or sub-contractors in the bidding process encouraged by the governance structure of construction companies as well as the kind of relationship ...


Research on the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in plastic composites has
increased dramatically in the last few years. Flax fibers are renewable resources with low specific
mass, reduced energy consumption, and relatively low in cost. These advantages make flax fibers
recognized as a potential replacement for glass fibers in composites. Among plastic, polyethylene
was concluded to be a suitable material for use as matrix in natural fiber-reinforced biocomposites.
However there are not many studies on this area so far. In this paper, the processing method of flax
fiber-reinforced polyethylene biocomposites by injection molding is introduced. The injection
temperature and pressure during injection molding were studied to determine appropriate processing
parameters for biocomposites at different fiber contents. Results show that higher fiber content in
composites led to higher mechanical strength and water absorption. Injection temperature has an
obvious influence on composite quality than injection pressure. Injection temperature of lower than
192°C was recommended for better composite quality.


This paper aims to understand the Pragmatism way of thinking in the practice of education. As a case study, Riri Reza's Laskar Pelangi is used to find out how Pragmatism practices in education in Indonesia. By using descriptive-critical method of interpretation and interpretation, it is revealed that the main characters in the film Laskar Pelangi experience a dilemma situation that leads them to choose a way of life based on internal logic and actual experience. As for the criticisms, as well as the implications of, pragmatism thinking refers its potentiality to the individualistic way of thinking, especially in the axiological sphere, namely by believing that there is no universal value in social life.


Executive Overview Most American companies face intense competition, have had to cut costs, and see a continuing need to improve quality and customer service. In response, they have trimmed their work forces and expanded operations overseas. Those companies that rank as human resource leaders have combined downsizing with restructuring, reengineering, employee involvement programs, and team-based work redesigns. They have retrained and redeployed twice as many workers as the human resource laggards, are more apt to sponsor private-public partnerships with schools, offer employees flexible work arrangements, and conduct diversity training and mentoring programs. Neither leaders nor laggards, HB followers are hampered by short-term pressures, indifferent middle management, and other barriers to change; such companies wait for innovations to take hold in their industries. Because HR executives are generally not well-positioned to promote innovation in their companies, the gap between leaders, followers, and ...


Pot-culture trials were completed to survey the phytoremediation capability of 14 elaborate plants in weathered petroleum-debased soil, which was gathered in the Oil Field, one of the greatest oil fields in Iraq, by looking at their effect on the corruption capability of aggregate petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and its arrangement. Comes about indicated Gaillardia aristata, Echinacea purpurea, Fawn (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), Fire Phoenix (a consolidated F. arundinacea), and Medicago sativa L. could viably lessen TPHs and its creation in 10,000 mg kg−1 TPH-sullied soil. Following a 30-day pot-culture analyze, the expulsion rates were 37.16%, 46.74%, 49.42%, 41.00%, and 37.93%, separately, essentially higher than that in the control (just 12.93%). Expulsion rates of TPH sythesis including immersed hydrocarbon, fragrant hydrocarbon, asphaltene, and polar compound achieved 39.41%, 38.47%, 45.11%, 42.92%, and 37.52%, individually, additionally higher than that in the control (just 6.90%). Advance, the aggregate biomass did not essentially diminish for all plants tried in 10,000 mg kg−1 TPH-debased soil. Fourier change infrared spectroscopy affirmed the nearness of oil in the plant tissues. These outcomes proposed that the run of the mill fancy species including G. aristata, E. purpurea, Fawn, Fire Phoenix, and M. sativa can be embraced in phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soil.


Introduction In October 2000, the United Nations Security Council's (UNSC) unanimous adoption of Resolution 1325 was significant in many ways. It served as the first ever UNSC resolution to link women's experiences in conflict to the international peace and security agenda (WPS). Specifically, it drew attention to the disproportionate impact that armed conflicts have on women, and called for measures to strengthen women's engagement in conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes. On 18 October 2013, the UNSC once again demonstrated renewed commitment towards women's participation in global peace and security. By adopting Resolution 2122, the UN and the international community, committed to stronger measures to promote women's participation in peace and security. UNSCR 2122 represents one of seven documents adopted by the Security Council which specifically focus on increasing women's participation in all aspects of peace and security. Similar to the groundbreaking UNSC Resolution 1325, UNSCR 2122 also aims at reinforcing women's leadership in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Thirteen years after the adoption of Resolution 1325 and other related frameworks such as UNSC resolutions 1888, 1889 and 1960, the international community continues to explore ways to operationalize commitments to women's participation in peace and security. This policy paper examines questions relating to the importance of UNSCR 2122. How does it complement the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and how can the UN, regional organisations and Member States reinforce commitments to existing frameworks on women, peace and security (WPS)? K O F I A N N A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L P E A C E K E E P I N G T R A I N I N G C E N T R E POLICY BRIEF 5/ 2013


MgO magnetic tunnel junctions with RA=150Ωμm2 and tunnel magnetic resistance=100% were patterned into pillars with different geometries with areas up to 2000μm2. Sensors were incorporated in 500nm thick Co94Zr3Nb4 flux guides with different shapes and free layer stabilization was achieved through internal (Co66Cr16Pt18 pads) and external longitudinal bias fields (3.5mT). Sensitivities of 870%∕mT were obtained in the center of the transfer curve. Noise levels of 97pT∕Hz0.5 at 10Hz, 51pT∕Hz0.5 at 30Hz, and 2pT∕Hz0.5 at 500kHz were measured in the linear region of the transfer curve.


In addition to understanding the corrosion of base materials in superheater tubes in biomass power plants, it is also important to understand how welded joints are subjected to corrosion or degradation. In the course of corrosion testing in the boiler, two different filler materials were used to weld together 18%Cr 12%Ni austenitic tubes. The two filler materials compared were a high alloyed Ni‐based filler material (wt% approx. 20% Cr, 12% Fe, 3.6% Nb, Ti, balance Ni) and the CN 18/11 IG filler material (18%Cr, 10%Ni, balance Fe). Austenitic steel test tubes were exposed in two different plants where the different filler materials were utilized and the attack of the welds and tubes adjacent the welds are described. Preferential attack of the tube material immediately adjacent the weld only occurred for the Ni rich weld and the indications are that this is galvanic corrosion. This type of attack decreased with decrease in steam temperature.


In this paper a new topology of cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed. Function of the multi-level inverter is to synthesize a desired voltage wave shape from several levels of DC voltage. The proposed topology of cascaded multilevel inverter is based on sub multilevel converter unit and fullbridge inverter. The proposed topology significantly reduces the number of dc voltage sources, switches, IGBTs, and power diodes as the number of output voltage levels increases. Then, the structure of the proposed topology is optimized in order to utilize a minimum number of switches and dc voltage sources, and produce a high number of output voltage steps. The operation and performance of the proposed multilevel converter have been evaluated with the simulation results of a single-phase 62level inverter using MATLAB simulink environment. I.INTRODUCTION Multilevel inverters have been drawing growing attention in the recent years especially in the distributed energy resources area due to the fact that several batteries, fuel cells, solar cell, wind, and micro turbines can be connected through a multilevel inverter to feed a load or the ac grid without voltage balancing problems. Another major advantage of multilevel inverters is that their switching frequency is lower than a traditional inverter, which means they have reduced switching losses. The multilevel inverters synthesize a desired stepped output voltage waveform by the proper arrangement of the power semiconductor devices from several lower dc voltage sources. The main advantage of multilevel inverters is the use of mature medium power semiconductor devices, which operate at reduced voltages. Also, the output voltage has small voltage steps, which results in good power quality, low-harmonic components, and better electromagnetic Compatibility. There are three different basic multilevel inverter topologies: neutral point clamped (NPC) or diode clamped, flying capacitor (FC) or capacitor clamped, and cascaded H-bridge (CHB). The FC and NPC inverters require an excessive number of storage capacitors for a high number of voltage steps. The CHB topologies are a good solution for high-voltage applications due to the modularity and the simplicity of control. But, in these topologies, a large number of separated voltage sources are required to supply each conversion cell. To reduce the number of separate dc voltage sources for highvoltage applications, new configurations have also been presented. This paper presents a sixty two level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter based on Sub multilevel converter and a full bridge inverter. Compared with the existing cascaded multilevel inverters, the proposed cascaded multi level inverters can significantly reduce the switch count as well as the number of gate drivers as the number of voltage levels increases. Simulation results are included to 300 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2013 IJ E R T IJ E R T ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org IJERTV2IS90189 verify the operating principle of the proposed multilevel inverters. II. PROPOSED CASCADED MULTI LEVEL INVERTER TOPOLOGY As mentioned earlier, proposed topology involves sub multilevel and full bridge converters. Fig.1 shows the proposed topology for a sub multilevel converter, which consists of the basic unit and a full-bridge converter. The basic unit consists of n dc voltage sources. Each dc voltage source is connected to the output by two switches. Fig 1: Proposed cascaded multilevel inverter This basic unit can able to produce a zero or positive polarity voltage. As shown in Fig.1, each switch is composed of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with an anti parallel diode. Both switches, Si and Si' (for i = 1, 2, . . . , n), are complementary controlled on the entire operation cycle. The basic unit produces a staircase voltage waveform with positive polarity. The output voltage of the basic unit can be equal to each dc voltage source or binary, ternary or n'nary combinations of the dc voltage sources. Fig 2: Output wave forms of basic circuit topology Therefore, the maximum number of output voltage steps for v'o is equal to 2n − 1. The output side of the basic unit is connected to a single-phase full-bridge converter, which alternates the input voltage polarity and provides a positive or negative staircase waveform at the output. The full-bridge switches, T11, T12, T13 and T14 are also complementary controlled. By operating the sub multilevel converter switches in a proper sequence high number of output steps can be obtained. The typical output waveforms of v'o and vo are shown in Fig.2 A. MODIFIED SWITCHING SCHEME The modified switching scheme can be best explained by an example. Consider a Cascaded MLI supplied by unequal but integer multiple sources. Let their magnitudes be 10 V, 20 V and 40 V, 80V, 160V respectively. In the modified switching scheme, the H-bridges are turned on and off to produce a 10 V step at each step of the produced staircase voltage. The magnitudes of the each cell are an arithmetic progression. The voltage source in the system with the smallest magnitude is the 10 V source. The voltages in the output of the MLI can be made equal at steps in the following way. The circuit diagram of the proposed model is shown in figure 3. 301 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2013 IJ E R T IJ E R T ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org IJERTV2IS90189 Fig 3: Proposed CMLI fed by unequal dc sources B.SUB MULTILEVEL CONVERTER Sub multilevel converter unit is formed by connecting a number of half-bridge cells in series with each cell having a voltage source controlled by two power semiconductor switches as shown in the Figure 4. Fig 4: Sub multilevel Converter Unit The two power semiconductor Switches will operate in a toggle fashion. Low on resistance and fast switching capability, low voltage power semiconductor are utilized in each cell source to reduce the inverter cost or to provide a high bandwidth sinusoidal output voltage. The power semiconductor switches are triggered by proper switching signals to produce multi level DC-link bus voltage which is indicated by Vbus in the circuit diagram. The semiconductor switches are operated in a proper sequence to get the desired voltage. The first step in the voltage is zero volts, the second step is 10V, the third step is 20 V and the fourth is 30 V and increased linearly by 10V. The S series switches are used to short circuit the corresponding voltage source. Similarly the S' series switches are used to include the corresponding voltage source in the bus voltage. To obtain zero voltage at sub multilevel unit, the switches from S1-S5 are in working state. In this manner the 30V is obtained by operating the S1', S2', S3, S4, S5 in on state. Various modes of switching sequence is given in the table 1 to produce DC bus voltage Vbus with the shape of stair case with steps, where n is the number of cell sources that is given to the Full bridge inverter. This table describes the working states of each power semiconductor switches for the various voltage levels. Table 1: Modes of switching sequences to produce stair case output From the different modes given in table 1 switching signals are generated for the switches in sub 302 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2013 IJ E R T IJ E R T ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org IJERTV2IS90189 multilevel converter. The switching pulses are shown in Figure 5. Fig 5: Switching signals for sub multilevel converter switches C. FULL BRIDGE INVERTER Fig 6: Full bridge inverter The single phase full bridge (SPFB) inverter shown in Figure 6 consists of four power semiconductor switches T11-T14 which can switch at faster rates. The switches T11-T14 always work in pairs such that T11&T12 triggered for positive half cycle and T13&T14 will trigger with some delay to produce negative half cycle by operating the switches at the fundamental frequency of the output voltage (Vo).The switching signals for the full bridge inverter is shown in figure 7. Fig 7: Switching signals for full bridge inverter III.SIMULATION RESULTS The operating principle of the proposed multilevel inverter was verified by conducting detailed simulation. A. PROPOSED MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR INDUCTIVE RESISTOR LOAD: A single-phase 62-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter simulation circuit for powering a inductive resistor load as shown in Figure 8. The load resistance is 107Ω and inductance is 55mh and the voltage of each DC source is set as per the circuit for an output frequency of 50Hz. 303 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2013 IJ E R T IJ E R T ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org IJERTV2IS90189 Fig 8: Simulation circuit of proposed multilevel inverter for resistive load The simulated sub multilevel converter output voltage, AC output voltage of the inverter and AC output current are shown in Figures 8(a), 8(b) and 8(c) respectively. Fig 8(a): Sub multilevel converter output voltage for RL load. Fig 8(b): Proposed multilevel inverter output voltage for RL load. Fig 8(c): Proposed multilevel inverter output current for RL load. B. COMPARISON WITH THE EXISTING SYSTEM: Fig 9: Comparison with existing systems 304 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 9, September 2013 IJ E R T IJ E R T ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org IJERTV2IS90189 From the existing system, it is demonstrated that the proposed multilevel inverters can significantly reduce the component count with increased number of output level. Figure 9 plot a chart for comparison of the required number of switches, levels and sources between the proposed multilevel inverter with two existing systems.


In Thailand HIV prevalence has declined markedly over the past decade. This has been attributed to various condom promotion campaigns including a 100 percent condom use program implemented in 1991 that mandated consistent condom use in all brothels. The decline in H1V prevalence has been especially notable among Thai military inductees. A 2002 study of some 7000 men inducted into the Royal Thai Army found that HIV prevalence fell from 11 percent among those inducted in 1991 to 2 percent among those inducted in 1998. (excerpt)


The envelope (E) protein, which is 76-109 amino acids long, is a structural viroporin identified in coronaviruses. On March 1, 2020, ten distinct E-proteins were selected out of a total of 50 at the general Health laboratory (Babil), and the partial E gene of SARS-CoV-2 genomes was sequenced and recoded in the GenBank with accession number MW827729, MW827730, MW827731, MW827732, MW827733, MW827734, MW827735,MW827736, MW827737, MW827738. The study looked for missense and frame shift mutations in the envelope proteins of different Covid 19 patients to determine the lineage of the direct envelope protein (SARS-CoV-2). A phylogenetic analysis of envelope proteins, which looks at sequence homology and amino acid conservation, provides even more evidence to the evolutionary origin. Frame-shift mutations were found in both the N and C terminals of the 10 known partial sequences of human SARS- COV2. genomes.


The current design practice of composite material aeronautical structures imposes the use of knock-down structural material allowables to take into account the high sensitivity to environmental exposure (i.e., moisture, temperature, damages). The "moisture derating factor" comes from specific mechanical test campaign and drastically reduces the advantage of using such materials; but the continuous monitoring of the moisture content of the structure could enable the use of higher design allowables. In the framework of FUSIMCO (Work developed within the frame of the Project FUSIMCO-FUSoliera Ibrida Metallo COmposito-co-financed by MIUR-Italian Ministry of Research with DAC-Campania Aerospace District as beneficiary and Leonardo Company-Aerostructure Division as "prime" partner) project, the aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of the impedance measurement method as a health-monitoring tool to evaluate the moisture quantity absorbed by an aeronautical composite structure. The method is based on the idea that a composite laminate can be associated with an equivalent electric circuit (EEC). Some electrical characteristics of this EEC can be associated to the moisture content of the laminate. A simple EEC model, mainly capacitive, was used. A frequency sweep was the electric stimulus signal of some electrodes, glued onto the specimens to investigate the EEC parameters variation with respect to the induced moisture content variation (gravimetrically determined). The study confirmed the possibility of effectively using the impedance measurement method as a health-monitoring tool for moisture content evaluation of a composite laminate.


An exact solution of the problem of added masses of fluid, fluctuating in a circular cylinder with small deformation of its walls is obtained. The boundary value problem for the velocity potential is reduced to a singular integral equation with the Hilbert kernel


Objective To evaluate the dynamic changes in peripheral blood CD4+CD25+regulatory T cell(Treg)in patients with acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and its clinical significance.Methods Determined by flow cytometry all levels of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+regulatory T cell(Treg)were compared the level of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+regulatory T cell(Treg)in each group and analyze level changes of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+regulatory T cell(Treg)at different time in acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction,and its relationship with neutmphil,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The percentage of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+regulatory T cell(Treg)in infarction patients is lower than the control group in the first and the second day,it is higher than the control group in the fifth and the seventh day,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),it is lower than the control group in the third day,the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).In infarction patients,the decrease in frequencies of Treg may break the balance of peripheral immunotolerance and participate in pathological process of inflammatory response inducing the development of infarction.


The general particle filter (GPF) provides an effective tool of fault detection for non-linear systems with non-Gaussian cases. However, due to the particle impoverishment problem of the GPF, the estimation of hidden state in process may get misleading results and thus lead to undesired conclusion for fault detection purpose. To solve this problem, a fault detection strategy, which employs a novel kind of particle filter, i.e. intelligent particle filter (IPF), is proposed in this paper. The proposed IPF strategy could improve the impoverishment problem of GPF and increase the accuracy of hidden state estimation, thus offers desired results for fault detection. Two numerical examples show superior performance of the proposed IPF for fault detection of nonlinear system with high non-Gaussian noises compared with the GPF-based strategy.


Texture and microstructure evolution during high-temperature plane-strain compression in Fe-3.0 wt.% Si alloy has been investigated by micro-texture analysis and modeling. In this study, hot deformation test is performed on the temperature range of 900 °C~1150 °C with a strain rate scope of 0.01 s−1~5 s−1, and the effect of deformation parameters is investigated by means of electron backscattered diffraction. Nucleation and growth assisted by strain-induced boundary migration result in strong {001}<110> and {001}<210> texture components with low Taylor factors, and the grain size of λ fiber increases significantly by consuming the {111}<110> and {111}<112> texture components with high Taylor factors. The critical Taylor factor above which nucleation by strain-induced boundary migration cannot occur, decreases continuously during hot deformation. With the decreasing critical Taylor factor, the increment rate of low-Taylor-factor orientation depends more sensitively on Taylor factor than the decrement rate of high-Taylor-factor orientation. The boundary separating enhanced and weakened orientations moves towards lower Taylor factor with the deformation proceeding, and medium-Taylor-factor texture components may experience a reversed change from enhancement to weakness. A quantitative model is proposed to describe texture development by incorporating the oriented nucleation probability dependent on a variable critical Taylor factor and the selective growth driven by a variable Taylor factor difference between adjacent grains. The present work can provide an efficient method for optimizing hot deformation texture by means of strain-induced boundary migration.


The significant structure theory of Eyring et al. has been used to predict the melting curve of argon at high pressure. Anomalous results were obtained, which indicate that the model may not be suitable to describe the phenomenon of melting. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.


Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high recurrence rate leading to suicidal thoughts in some cases. Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside that is commonly used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of albiflorin on depression is unclear and remains to be investigated. To this end, a mouse model of depression was established via chronic unpredictable mild stress treatment. Next, the effects of albiflorin on depression in these mice were evaluated using the sucrose preference test, forced swim test, tail suspension test, and open field test. The results showed that chronic unpredictable mild stress decreased sucrose consumption, while albiflorin (10 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased sucrose consumption just as fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), a drug commonly used to treat depression. Moreover, both albiflorin and fluoxetine demonstrated significant decrease in immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test with no change in spontaneous locomotor activities. Finally, the underlying mechanism of albiflorin was evaluated using western blot. Results showed an up-regulation of phospho-Akt without changing total-Akt, indicating that albiflorin improved the depression symptoms via inactivation of the Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, albiflorin might be a potential therapeutic treatment for depression.


Abstract : The purpose of this report was to formulate several problems concerning the lifting property. It represents a continuation of research on the subject by the authors. Along with giving various remarks and comments on the lifting property, the Dunford-Pettis theorem is presented. A bibliography concerning the lifting property is given at the end of report. Most of the papers contained in the bibliography are referred to in the text.


The term design/build is a slight misnomer for these courses, which are intended less as surveys of the popular alternative delivery method than as hands-on clinics to teach students about sites, structures, materials, and joinery. Academic design/build programs remove design projects from the studio vacuum and push students to reconcile their drawings with real structures they can build, weld, wire, and plumb. They encourage students to work as part of collaborative teams, resolving conflicts, managing finances, and communicating with clients. Academics and construction industry professionals both use the term 'Design-Build' but the term is used differently by each group to describe two distinct operational strategies. In the construction industry, "Design-build is a method of project delivery in which one entity- the design-build team- works under a single contract with the project owner to provide design and construction services." In contrast, design-build in schools of architecture refers to a teaching method distinguished by the integration of hands-on, full-scale construction as a fundamental component in the design process. In practice, confusion arising from this semantic overlap is limited by the fact that academic faculty and building contractors seldom intersect in daily practice.


In recent decades, green synthesis is increasingly being employed for more environmentally
friendly processes and constitutes one central theme of research and development in both academic and
industrial chemistry. "Green Chemistry" refers to the design of products and processes that imply the
reduction or elimination of substances that are harmful to life or the environment. Due to the benefits of
green synthesis, such as reduced waste and expense, not just pharmaceutical firms but also other chemical
industries have begun to take steps towards it. Green synthesis techniques include using green solvents,
catalysts, and other materials. This review article illustrates the utilization of sustainable methods in the
synthesis of biologically active compounds via different green methodologies, such as green solvents,
green catalyst, green media, etc. We hope that this chapter will provide a quick overview of the different
aspects of green chemistry.


The collaboration of artists and anatomists marked the evolution of anatomical illustration, and is a liaison which dates back as far as the sixteenth century. The most striking anatomical masterpieces were drawn and engraved as illustrations in noteworthy books, but could unfortunatelly not be preserved due to the lack of effective, long-term preservation methods. Plastination therefore finds in museography, potential new developments, and is capable of putting new life into the history of artistic anatomy. This process can exhibit three-dimensional plastinated specimens which have been inspired by some of the most impressive plates of previous centuries.


: As more of our everyday lives become digital, it has become crucial to include everyone in the digital society. This special issue is examining the different layers of digital inclusion and data literacy by drawing on research, policy, and practice developments around literacies in various regions and contexts. It highlights the politics around them so as to propose policies that are needed to include more people in datafied societies, and what types of literacies they should learn. This issue includes three commentaries by experts in the field and five peer-reviewed academic papers that go towards tackling digital inclusion. This means to find solutions to the fact that many people are left behind technological advancements, and that these create what is commonly called - the digital divide.


Proposals for reindustrialization reflect an important lesson of the 1970s that we can no longer take economic growth for granted. In that decade, especially after the OPEC oil embargo, productivity growth declined precipitously.1 Our international competitiveness began to take a beating. Inflation surged past the double-digit mark, and we found that unemployment problems no longer could be "solved" by inflating and reinflating the economy. Whereas the generation of the 1950s and 1960s had thought mainly in terms of unbounded, noninflationary growth, the generation of the 1970s became obsessed with stagnation, stagflation, and dwindling national resources. I recall, in particular, during that period a comment by Michael Novak, one of my colleagues at the American Enterprise Institute: "This is the first generation of Americans which cannot expect its children to be better off than they."


Allotropes—the existence of a substance or element in two or more different forms—is more than just the title of Dominican writer Ángela Hernández Núñez's first collection of short stories, published in 1989. These myriad crystalline forms, which Hernández, a chemical engineer by training, understands better than most, epitomize a creative process deeply rooted in a "quite peculiar" childhood in the village of Jarabacoa, high on the verdant mountains of the central sierra of the island of Hispaniola. There she grew up "amidst a great deal of economic hardship, even hunger," but sustained by a "realm of liberty" that nourished her creativity—a pristine world of singing birds, trees laden with wild fruit, baths in the crystalline waters of the nearby stream where she learned the true meaning of innocence, "that feeling of being one with everything, that anything one imagines is possible, a constant speculation about the world and the things that are beyond the limits of one's vision," where she could "breathe with all the things: with the earth, with the water, with the plants," feeling a "certain intimacy with all things" (see Carolina González's interview with Hernández in this issue of Callaloo). The edenic world of Jarabacoa—lovingly recreated in stories like "Teresea Irene," "How to Gather the Shadows of the Flowers," "Gnawing on a Rose," and "Telegram"—remains for Hernández the locus amenus that anchors her fiction. Through the prism of Jarabacoa's primeval translucence all subsequent experiences—political activity, an aborted career in the sciences, motherhood (she has four children), feminist activism, and writing—are filtered. She is wont to describe her being wrenched away from the world of her childhood as an uprooting that completely tore her away from everything that had meaning in her life. Her stories, as a result, are marked by a strong yearning to return to the place of origin.


Theory of decomposition and reconstruction based on multi-scale of wavelet,the network traffic,which were decomposed an approximation signal and some detail sigals of different scales.Then these signals were reconstructed into several low frequency and high frequency time serials by wavelet.These serials were predicted by LMMSE and AR models respectively according to their different features.The predicted results of all serials were combined into the final prediction traffic.The simulation results with the real traffic traces show the method can predict future traffic as well as the accuracy and efficiency.


Automobile anti-lock braking system(ABS) is a very important vehicle active safety technology,For the specific circumstances of the road,real-time monitoring of vehicle slip rate of ABS anti-lock braking system to be studied.In this paper,under MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment,establish the vehicle dynamics model,Achieved the recognition of road conditions,and computer simulation based on the anti-lock braking system of controlling the slip rate.


In image retrieval with relevant feedback, classification and distance calculation have a great influence on image retrieval accuracy. In this paper, we propose an image retrieval method, called ODLDA (Image Retrieval using the optimal distance and linear discriminant analysis). The proposed method can effectively exploit user's feedback from relevant and irrelevant image sets, which uses linear discriminant analysis to find a linear projection with an improved similarity measure. The experimental results performed on the two benchmark datasets have confirmed the superiority of the proposed method. Keywords—Content-based image retrieval; deep learning; similarity measures; Mahalanobis metric distance; linear discriminant analysis


Fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition, fatty acid distribution among glycerol carbons -2 and -1(3), tocopherol, sterol and phospholipid composition and autoxidative stability of crude Egyptian Nigella sativa seed oil were determined. Fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol portion of the oil was : 59.6% linoleic, 23.8% oleic, 12.4% palmitic and 3.5% stearic with less than 1.0% linolenic acids. The major triacylglycerols were trilinoleoyl, 24.6% ; oleoyldilinoleoyl, 19.6% ; palmitoyldilinoleoyl, 17.5% ; palmitoyloleoyllinoleoyl, 12.9% ; and dioleoyllinoleoyl, 9.6%, glycerols. The distribution of linoleic acid among glycerol carbons -2 and -1(3) was about equal. Alpha, beta, gamma and delta-tocopherols were identified in the crude oil. Crude oil sterols were beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmastanol. Crude oil phospholipid ccmposition was phosphatidylethanolamine, 94.3% ; phosphatidylcholine, 5.4%, and phosphatidylinositol, 0.3%. Oxidation of crude Nigella sativa seed oil in the dark in oxygen at 60°C showed an induction period of one day, followed by a rapid oxidation level increase to peroxide value 76 meg/Kg after 5 days.


Address for Correspondence/ Yaz›flma Adresi: Gulcan Ozturk MD, Gebze Fatih State Hospital, Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli, Turkey Phone: +90 216 578 40 39 E-mail: email@example.com Received/Gelis Tarihi: 13.10.2015 Accepted/Kabul Tarihi: 08.12.2015 Coexistence of Miyofascial Trigger Points and Cervical Disc Herniation: Which One is the Main Source of Pain? DOI: 10.4274/tod.06977 Turk J Osteoporos 2016;22:24-8


As living together is part of human beings with the basic instinct of grouping themselves together, it´s relevant to elaborate city development plans. In this sense the urbanistic rights stands out showing the rules that direct this way not neglecting how indispensable is sustainability aspects in the development.  However it will be given a special relevance in home rights as a human right and is a fundamental part of the core protection of human dignity. In this way the relationship of these key important elements for a life in society and specifically the problems that affects the development of Sao Paulo´s city.


J OWELL, Mass., with a school population of approximately 23,000, Lfound itself compelled in the summer of 1928 to enter the good health market on a large scale. Its immediate purpose was the upbuilding of malnourished and underweight school children; its objective was the purchase of good health insurance for its future citizens. An outdoor camp for 140 boys and girls and a health center with daily accommodation for 125 children were established. The money and effort expended were justified by the results. For the last 4 years the annual examinations of the Massachusetts Ten Year Survey, conducted by the State Department of Public Health in conjunction with the Lowell Division of School Hygiene, have brought to light the fact that the number of Lowell children listed as the hilum tuberculous, the latent tuberculous, the suspects, and the contacts, formed surprisingly large groups. This hurt civic pride. A more startling fact, however, was revealed-that these groups, all of which came under the broad classification of the pretuberculous and underweight, made each year no worthwhile progress. It was found that, while the examination of the children and the work of the teacher and school nurse, including advice to parents, were effective during the school year, during the summer months the results were largely lost. Though vacation should have been the pe-


Proposals that focus on student-centered approaches and not only on the role of the teacher have gained space in the area of foreign language teaching and learning since the 1980's, by activities aiming at promoting interaction and negotiation of meaning. For Crandall (2000), this type of collaboration promotes positive affective aspects like reduction in anxiety, increase in motivation and self-esteem, development of positive attitudes towards learning in general, as well as exposure to different styles of learning. In this sense, learners benefit from collaboration and help from their peers, and teachers do not position themselves as the authority and producer of knowledge in the classroom.


The recent resignation of Argentina's vice president, Carlos "Chacho" Alvarez, is the latest chapter in that nation's political melodrama. The reform-minded Chief Minister Rodolfo Terragno had already resigned, and President Fernando de la Rua has announced sweeping cabinet changes. At the center of these developments is a major political scandal involving allegations that top presidential aids bribed members of Congress into passing a new labor law. For the last two months allegations of corruption, vote buying and "influence trafficking" have dominated local headlines.


Total solar eclipses (TSEs) provide a unique opportunity to quantify the properties of the K-corona (electrons), F-corona (dust), and E-corona (ions) continuously from the solar surface out to a few solar radii. We apply a novel inversion method to separate emission from the K- and F-corona continua using unpolarized total brightness (tB) observations from five 0.5 nm bandpasses acquired during the 2019 July 2 TSE between 529.5 and 788.4 nm. The wavelength dependence relative to the photosphere (i.e., color) of the F-corona itself is used to infer the tB of the K- and F-corona for each line of sight. We compare our K-corona emission results with the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) K-Cor polarized brightness (pB) observations from the day of the eclipse, and the forward modeled K-corona intensity from the Predictive Science Inc. (PSI) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model prediction. Our results are generally consistent with previous work and match both the MLSO data and PSI-MHD predictions quite well, supporting the validity of our approach and of the PSI-MHD model. However, we find that the tB of the F-corona is higher than expected in the low corona, perhaps indicating that the F-corona is slightly polarized—challenging the common assumption that the F-corona is entirely unpolarized.


This survey was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Durueng and Palbong at Hongcheon. Vascular plants surveyed were consisted of 228 taxa, i.e., 164 species, 3 subspecies, 49 varieties, and 12 formae. Korean endemic plants were Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis, Cirsium setidens, Carpinus turczaninovii, Vicia chosenensis, and Asperula lasiantha. Also, the conservatory plants classified from first grade to fifth grade were distributed 39 taxa in the Mt. Durueng and Palbong. Among them, Gastrodia elata Blume and Epimedium koreanum Nakai were investigated as rare plants. The naturalized plants were found four species.


In order to estimate the fundamental frequency (fO) of pseudoperiodical sounds with a wide band of possible fO, a theoretical model based on a maximum likelihood for fO is proposed. The model is simplified to make it fast enough for extensive tests. The resulting algorithm is tested on musical speech sounds. As a musical application, an instrument follower based on the algorithm and operating in real time is implemented.<<ETX>>


Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd‐free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors.


A new suspension of Dionosil in pure arachis oil (Dionosil Oily) has been utilised for bronchography in 116 cases of various lung conditions with satisfactory results. It is well tolerated by the patient, though it is slightly irritant. We have found it less irritant than other diodone-like compounds. The removal of the contrast medium from the lungs is rapid and the lung fields are radiologically clear from all traces of the agent within a few days. There is no evidence to show any deleterious effects in the lung following bronchography.


The Homer proteins,encoded by three genes(Homer 1~3),belong to one of the newly found postsynaptic density protein families,and several different splice variants of the Homer gene have been identified recently.This family is composed of two major groups,the short-form proteins and the long-form proteins.Homer proteins play a pivotal role in regulating the structure and function of excitatory synapses and cellular signal transduction.As an immediately early gene,Homer 1a is induced to be expressed transiently in neurons of the hippocampus and cortex by excitatory synaptic activity following seizure,high frequency stimulation,or during development.A diffuse traumatic brain injury can up-ragulate dynamically the Homer 1a gene expression in cortical neurons in rats.The paper summarizes the structure,distribution and function of Homer proteins,issues remained and advancements in research as well as its possible applicability in forensic medicine.


The present invention relates to a portable fluid pumping device and a reservoir assembly. The portable fluid pumping device comprising a reservoir tank assembly, and a reservoir vent member, said body having an opening for the inlet and discharge ports for discharging liquid, the reservoir member disposed in said tank body for storing the liquid, a movable member of the exhaust gas through said discharge ports, and connected to the liquid storage member, the communication of the tank body defines inner vent , outside the exhaust passage, said vent plugging the drain holes in the pumping state, pressing said accumulator member in the liquid-discharge state and opening the drain hole. The present invention provides a portable fluid pumping means and the reservoir assembly, by the liquid stored in the liquid storage member, the liquid does not leak from the nozzle assembly will not be withdrawn from the exhaust passage, thus greatly improving the user experience.


Research design and data gathering methods teacher's work, professional identity and change teacher stances and strategies in response to change teacher's working relationships - becoming a collaborative professional? teachers and curriculum teachers and pedagogy teachers and assessment case studies in values, understanding and power the changing role of headteachers.


Abstract: Chronic secondary lymphedema is a potentially devastating condition affecting 90-150 million people world-wide. In the US, lymphedema is most commonly encountered in the upper extremity of women who have undergone axil-lary lymph node dissection for staging and treatment of breast cancer, though it may also occur following lymph node dis-section for melanoma as well as certain gynecology oncologic operations. While a great deal has been elucidated about the biology of lymphatics, lymphatic development, and the lymphatic system in the past 20 years, considerably less is known about impaired lymphatic regeneration and the mechanisms that lead to secondary lymphedema. This deficit in knowledge presents a barrier to the development of effective treatments or prophylactic measures for chronic secondary lymphedema. Recent advances in this arena have showed that pathogenesis of lymphedema is complex, and that effective treatments for this often devastating condition will likely require the use of multiple modalities. In this review, we will discuss the development, anatomy, and physiology of lymphatics as means of introducing this system to the reader. Fur-ther, the latest advances in the scientific exploration of lymphedema and lymphatic regeneration will be presented.


Professor Joan Asarnow at the launch of the JCPP Special issue 2019 - Suicide and self-harm. Joan looks at 'Treating Self-Harm and Preventing Suicide: The Evidence and 'Evidence-Based Care''


A collection of Eve Arnold's photographs, taken all over the world, of men and women in every conceivable work or occupation.


A new educational service has been prototyped by Echo360 that uses natural language processing to analyze students notes and provide personalized recommendations on how to both improve note-taking and scaffold learning. The LessonWare middleware system uses computer-generated transcriptions from class captures and available student notes to identify key terms mentioned during class sessions. The combination of analyzed key terms and corresponding timestamps allows contextual linkages to be created between educational resources. Student notes are automatically augmented with corresponding moments in class captures, specific pages in the course eTextbook or open education resources or specific adaptive learning assets.


The dark green fields that carpeted Iowa's landscape this summer are very quickly turning brown indicating the end of another growing season. While this color change is not unusual, what is of concern is just how quickly it is occurring. A lot of fingers are being pointed at anthracnose top dieback and/or stalk rot.


The article presents a theoretical discourse of academic staff's didactic practices with a particular emphasis on importance of conceptualisation of their didactic practices in the professionalisation context. The authors analyse the essence of didactic practice conceptualisation studies and their contribution to the professionalisation process, disclose the interrelations of conceptualisation of didactic practices and lecturers' professional behaviour, their role-playing and models of didactic practices, that are oriented to the study process organisation, planning programmes, modules and classes, a search of information transmittal forms, the use of advanced teaching methods, as well as student counselling and communication. On the basis of the didactic practice conceptualisation studies, the authors argue that the analysis of conceptualisation of lecturers' didactic practices and their professional behaviour (performance models, roles) can be helpful in adding missing elements to the professionalisation of academic staff and suggest strategies for professional development.


Casting the classic provocation-retaliation paradigm in an equity framework, we hypothesized that persons realizing their retribution was excessive would derogate their victim, but only when they did not anticipate an opportunity to compensate her. After retaliating against a peer who had harshly evaluated their essays, 40 female undergraduates were informed that either a serious or mild misfortune had recently been suffered by their partner, and were led to believe that at the outset of the experiment they had carelessly overlooked this 'mitigating' information. Half the participants anticipated a later opportunity to do a favor for the other woman. Regardless of the severity of the mitigating information the women were more negative in their evaluation of the partner when they did not anticipate a subsequent opportunity to do the partner a favor. The results are discussed in terms of equity restoration in reactions to having aggressed.


In this paper, we consider the channel tracking problem for a direct-sequence code division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication under Gaussian noise. This problem is important in the design of a receiver over multipath time-varying fading channels. The main contribution of this paper is two-fold. The first one is a multiple-model framework for modeling the channel, composed of a set of known first- and second-order auto-regressive models (AR(i), i = 1,2) with the transitions between models obeying a Markov chain. Each AR model assumes a velocity sub-range of mobile users, and the set covers the range of possible dynamics of the time-varying fading channel. The second contribution is the adaptation of the known interacting multiple-model (EMM) estimation algorithm for channel tracking based on the above modeling framework. This tracking solution in combination with Kalman-based symbol detector leads to a feasible receiver architecture for attaining satisfactory performance


1 Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84103 Beer-Sheva, Israel 3 Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland


The new method of determining cinnamic acid was ste up by using the method of non-aqueous system——ultravoilet detection to separate cinnamic acid and detect it.Studied were the effects of separating factors such as non-aqueous medium,electrolyte and notion voltage on the method.Under the temperature of 25℃ the cinnamic acid was determined by using the last coat quartz capillary (45 cm×75 μm,effective length 30 cm),and using the ethanol solution containing 20 mmoI/L ammonium acetate and 30 mmoI/L sodium acetate as electrophoresis buffer medium.And gravitational laying sample is 30 s,motion voltage -25 KV and detecting wave length 271 cm.The standard working curves were made by fixed quantity of the peak area of absorbing peaks,and its linear range is 4.00~80.00 mg/L,the correlation coefficient is r=0.9997.The method is of good results when it is applied to separating and detecting cinnamic acid in the cassia twig.


FTP is a file-transfer protocol among computers and has been widely used for many years.However,it transmits both passwords and files in plaintext,thus is of the inherent security deficiency.With the continuous development of network applications,FTP has become a major means for information transmission in the government and enterprises.The transmission of sensitive information in plaintext form and with no effective authentication and security transmission mechanisms would do damage and hard to the state and enterprises.Therefore,the security of FTP communication system is particularly important.Based on the construction of secure FTP communication system,this paper first analyzes the deficiency of traditional FTP identity authentication,and compares the present-use authentication technologies,and then proposes a mutual authentication scheme based on dynamic password in combination of HASH function,symmetric encryption,and challenge/response mechanism.Finally,analysis on the scheme indicates that this scheme is of such capabilities as protection of user identity information,prevention of ID authentication attack,including playback attack,impersonation attack,etc.),and could achieve mutual authentication.


There is a need to wear a mask during the coronavirus outbreak to efficiently deter the transmission of COVID-19 virus. In these instances, traditional facial screening technologies obsolete for monitoring of group entry at Airports, shopping malls, railway stations, etc. It is, therefore, vital to boost the efficiency of screening. This paper addresses the machine learning algorithm for contactless face screening systems in group participation, social interaction, school management, mall entry management, and market resumption scenarios in the case of COVID- 19. A method to screen entry with masks are developed using machine learning, which depends on various face specimens that were discussed here. The second fold discussion in this paper is that previously there are not many freely accessible masked face-databases. To this end, various forms of masked face data sets are identified, namely MFDD, Real MFRD, and Simulated MFRD. Such data sets became widely accessible to businesses and academics, based on which specific apps may be built on masked faces. The mathematical model, with the code was given. The availability and issues of the above data sets were discussed for the benefit of researchers.


The course of dialectics of nature is complicated. It is very difficult for teachers to improve students' thinking ability. So it is necessary to keep on innovating the teaching methods. The open subjects use the open methods and open measures in an open classroom.Teachers and students will both make progress with the new methods. It is also help to improve students' thinking abilities and to transform students' studying model.


Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions are one of the major problems associated with sewer networks. This gas, with its characteristic smell of rotten eggs is highly toxic and leads to the corrosion of sewer infrastructures. To protect cities and ensure the safety of sewer workers, sewers are commonly monitored using H2S gas sensors. In this work, three commercial H2S gas sensors for air quality monitoring were compared at two different sites in Berlin, Germany. Two of the sensors provide online access to data, while the other one is a data logger. Moreover, based on statistical measures (RMSE, MAE, MB, and a graphical analysis), we evaluated whether a rotation/exchange between data logger (reference) and online sensors is possible without significant differences in the gas measurements. Experimental evaluation revealed that measurement differences are dependent on the H2S concentration range. The deviation between sensors increases as the H2S concentration rises. Therefore, the interchange between reference and online sensors depends on the application site and the H2S levels. At lower ranges (0–10 ppm) there were no observed problems. Finally, to support practitioners on-site, a management procedure in the form of a decision-making tool is proposed for assessing whether gas sensors should be exchanged/rotated.


Lifestyle behaviour can be defined as the reactive, habitual, or intentional forms of human activity, which remain significantly intertwined with health. Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are determined to be increasing around the globe due to lifestyle-related behavioral risk factors including physical inactivity and dietary transitions such increased intake of high-fat and low-fiber diets. Medical students are prone to poor dietary habits, inactivity, lack of sleep, and the development of new habits like drinking alcohol and smoking. Since post-graduate medical students will eventually deliver healthcare, it is crucial to evaluate their lifestyle choices.


Objective: To explore the necessity and feasibility of preoperative nutrition through the obser- vation and analysis of the reaction of the patients, and to propose a reasonable way of nourishing fit for the patients to receive total hip replacement. Methods: A total of 46 patients in our hospital who suffered femoral neck fracture from March to June 2013 were chosen and divided into the experimental group and the control group based on the admission number. The patients in the two groups were applied with mixed nutrition or traditional liquid of glucose at the same dose. The changes of albumin, prealbumin, T3, T4, TSH were observed. Results: All patients were followed-up till a month after operation(average 29.4 days), no one was lost to follow-up. The data was analyzed by independent-sample t test. There was no significant difference in albumin, prealbumin, T3, T4, TSH before operation(P0.05). However, there existed significant differences in prealbumin, T3, TSH between the two groups after operation(P0.05), but no significant difference was found in albumin and T3(P0.05). 3 patients in experimental group appeared a redness of incision, while 5 in control group. All of them healed by first intention after prolonged use of antibiotics. The patients in experimental group were able to walk on ground in(4.6±0.9) days after operation, much earlier than that of control group, which need(5.3±1.2) days(P0.05). Conclusion: Admission of mixed nutrition preoperatively may effectively improve the nutritional status of patients to receive total hip replacement, it may be a safe, scientific, and effective program of nutrition.


The critical heat flux(CHF) density during the flow of CO2 in microchannels in the process of boiling heat exchange has an important influence on the heat exchange coefficient.On the basis of the test data in the literatures currently published in domestics,the authors have conducted an analysis of the influence of the mass flow rate,saturated temperature and tube diameter etc.on the critical heat flux density and performed an error analysis between the data obtained by using the theoretical model and the test ones.It has been found that the Bowring prediction correlation formula has a relatively high precision in predicting the inner critical heat flux density of tubes with a diameter of less than 3 mm.Within an error range of 30%,the prediction precision can reach 70%.However,Wojtan prediction correlation foumula has a relautively small mean absolute error.The direction of the future study in the boiling heat exchange by CO2 flowing inside microchannels has been put forward by the authors.


ATYPICAL, "unclassified" or "anonymous" mycobacteria are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are being implicated with increasing frequency as the cause of both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children. 1-6 These infections have been associated with cervical 1-4 and axillary adenitis, 1 pulmonary disease, 5 osteomyelitis, 6 superficial granulomas, and disseminated fatal disease. 6 In children, the most commonly reported illness has been unilateral cervical adenitis. 1,2,4 The present report concerns a child with bilateral inguinal adenitis due to a nonphotochromogenic atypical mycobacterium. Report of a Case A 5-year-old white girl was admitted to Madison (Wis) General Hospital on Jan 4, 1966, because of bilateral inguinal swelling. Four weeks prior to admission the onset of vaginal discharge and labial pruritis was noted. This persisted until admission in spite of sitz baths and frequent washing. Two weeks prior to admission right inguinal erythema was noted. During the next week this area became


Objective: About one out of every 10 patients with chest pain in the emergency department (ED) are finally diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A HEART score of ≤ 3 has been shown to rule out ACS with a low risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurrence. It has been proposed that a negative CARE rule (≤1), which stands for the first four elements of the HEART score and excludes the troponin assay requirement, may have similar rule-out reliability. This study aimed to externally validate the CARE rule.
Methods: In this multicenter, observational study a convenience sample consisting of patients over the age of 15 who had at least one troponin study were included. The performance of the CARE rule at the cut-off ≤1 for MACE prediction was assessed and compared to a HEART score of ≤3 and physicians' gestalt. MACE was defined as myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft, and all-cause mortality in 6 weeks.
Results: The data of 154 patients was analyzed. Of these, 121 patients had a negative CARE score of ≤1 and 33 individuals had a positive CARE score. Of those with a negative CARE score, only 1 (3%) experienced an adverse cardiac event while in those with a positive CARE score, 26 individuals (16.88 %) experienced MACE. The sensitivity of the CARE rule was 96.15% and the specificity was 25% with a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.15. The indices for HEART score were 88%, 59.69%, and 0.2, respectively. In comparison, physicians' gestalt had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 49.22%, and a LR- of 0.08. Of note, utilizing the CARE rule with a cut-off of <3 showed sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 41.86%, and a LR- of 0.1.
Conclusion: The CARE rule miss rate in MACE was more than 2% and while its performance was better than the HEART score, physicians' gestalt outperformed both rules for ruling out MACE.


This is a defense of the existing system of notation in organbuilding.This is a defense of the existing system of notation in organbuilding.


In this paper, we consider a biologically-inspired Boolean function P n D that models a simple task of detecting global spatial patterns on a twodimensional map. We prove that P n D is computable by a threshold circuit of size (i.e., number of gates) O( p n logn), which is an improvement on the previous upper bound O(n), while our circuit has larger depth O( p n) and total wire length O(n log 2 n). Moreover, we demonstrate that the size of our circuit is nearly optimal up to a logarithmic factor: we show that any threshold circuit computing P n D has size ( p n= logn).


Various drugs have been added to the local anaesthetic agents given intrathecally in an attempt to improve on the analgesic effect of the local anaesthetic agent, as well as the duration of analgesia. They range from the accepted to the bizarre. It is difficult to cover all drugs ever injected intrathecally in a short paper such as this one, particularly if one includes drugs injected intrathecally in animal models and that have as yet not been used in humans.


Objective In this review,new progress of Bolbostemma paniculatum was introduced.Its application perspectives and new research directions were forecasted as well.Methods Referring to a large number of domestic and foreign literatures,the chemical compositions,pharmacological activities and development of preparations of Bolbostemma paniculatum were reviewed.Results and Conclusions Many chemical compositions were reported to isolate from Bolbostemma paniculatum,and correspondingly,many significant pharmacological activities have been detected.Companied with modern extraction and preparation technologies,Bolbostemma paniculatum can be developed into some new drugs for treating cancer,virus,leukemia and AIDS.


In the frontier of increasing research in cluster computing the data processing becomes simple to manage and access. The available innovative methods are mapping and parallel processing which fails in large data processing. The complexity increases as the data processing capability increases and also maintaining the production of data is a vital role in data processing and it is related to the infrastructure of environment. This needs to be monitored in order to develop the technologies along with control management. The Hadoop is the proposed data processing method in cluster computing environment which gives efficient data processing with high accuracy with no error. Cluster computing has a tradition of processing data using random field model out of this approaches the computation time is much greater as of now. This proposed model utilises the naive Bayesian model along with Markov in cluster computing and provides better yield in data retrieval and analysis process.


One-dimensional nickel titanate nanofibers (NiTiO3 NFs) were synthesized and loaded with acetic acid-treated exfoliated and sintered sheets of graphitic carbon nitride (AAs-gC3N4) to fabricate a unique heterogeneous structure. This novel fabrication method for porous AAs-gC3N4 sheets using acetic acid-treated exfoliation followed by sintering provided gC3N4 with a surface area manifold larger than that of bulk gC3N4, with an abundance of catalytically active sites. Hybrid photocatalysts were synthesized through a two-step process. Firstly, NiTiO3 NFs (360 nm in diameter) were made by electrospinning, and these NiTiO3 NFs were sensitized with exfoliated gC3N4 sheets via a sonication process. Varying the weight ratio of NiTiO3 fibers to porous AAs-gC3N4 established that NiTiO3 NFs containing 40 wt% of porous AAs-gC3N4 exhibited optimal activity, i.e., removal of methylene blue and H2 evolution. After 60 min exposure to visible light irradiation, 97% of the methylene blue molecules were removed by the hybrid photocatalyst, compared with 82%, 72%, and 76% by pristine AAs-gC3N4, NiTiO3 NFs, and bulk gC3N4, respectively. The optimal structure also displayed excellent H2 evolution performance. The H2 evolution rate in the optimal sample (152 μmol g−1) was 2.2, 3.2 and 3-fold higher than that in pure AAs-gC3N4 (69 μmol g−1), NiTiO3 NFs (47 μmol g−1) and bulk gC3N4 (50 μmol g−1), respectively. This clearly shows that the holey AAs-gC3N4 nanosheets interacted synergistically with the NiTiO3 NFs. This extended the lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers and resulted in superior photocatalytic activity compared with pristine NiTiO3 NFs and bulk gC3N4. The higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and the presence of many catalytically active sites also enhanced the photocatalytic performance of the hybrid sample. Moreover, through photoluminescence and photocurrent response analysis, a significant decrease in the recombination losses of the hybrid photocatalysts was also confirmed. Thus, this is a novel strategy to fabricate highly efficient photocatalysts with precisely tunable operating windows and enhanced charge separation.


The Pink Fund www.thepinkfund.org During and after treatment for breast cancer, patients can experience significant financial hardship as medical bills mount and their income shrinks. The Pink Fund offers short-term financial aid to patients who lost significant income during treatment so they can meet basic needs and recover their financial health. On the "Get Help" page, patients can find out how to qualify for financial assistance.


The bonding of one to four waterligands to Mg(+) and Al(+) is studied. The bonding is very different from that found for multiple ligands bound to Na(+) or Cu(+). All the waters bind on the same side of the Mg or Al because of the polarization of the 3s orbital away from the ligands. Two benzene and methanol molecules also have a ligand-Mg-ligand angle of less than 180 deg with the angle determined by ligand-ligand repulsion.


. The carboxylic ions of aqueous-based PU provide surface charges to the surrounding of PU micelles (particles), thereby causing repulsion between PU particles and resulting homogeneous distribution of PU particles in water phase. Because of the ionic character of carboxyl group, this PU becomes self-emulsified or water-reducible in water phase. Such aqueous-based PU has a common disadvantage similar to that of a polymeric surfactant in that, after drying into a film, such film still exhibits the high hydrophilic properties due to the presence of carboxyl groups in PU molecule. The processes of post-curing reaction 3-9 or polymer


Optimized Upper Bound Analysis of Polymer Coated Metal Rod Extrusion Through Conical Die. (May 2006) Ritesh Lalit Shah, B. E., College of Engineering, Pune, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jyhwen Wang Extrusion is a metal forming process used extensively in industry to produce different structural, mechanical, electrical, architectural, automotive and aerospace application parts. Currently after extrusion, the rod is subjected to environmental wear due to long storage time and hence requires an additional cleaning process before further use. This cleaning process can be eliminated by extruding a polymer coated metal rod workpiece such that the polymer coating is sustained on the final product after the extrusion process. In the present research study a new upper bound analytical model is developed to predict the forces required to conduct extrusion of a polymer coated metal rod successfully. The search for the lower upper bound power functional is modeled as a non linear optimization problem. Optimizing the functional also determines the set of constraints defining the shape of rigid plastic deformation boundaries and the final coating thickness. Also an upper bound analytical model was developed to predict forces for failure of the polymer coating during the extrusion. Both the analytical models for


In this paper we report a high performance 2-stack, 3-color quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) composed of InGaAs/AlGaAs QWIP and an InGaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs triple- coupled (TC-) QWIP grown on the GaAs substrate for the mid- and long-wavelength (MW/LW) infrared (IR) detection. The basic device structure consists of a MWIR QWIP stack with 3 periods of 43 Angstroms In0.3Ga0.7As quantum well and an undoped 300 Angstroms Al0.3Ga0.7As barrier and a LWIR TC-QWIP stack with 5 periods of 65 Angstroms In0.18Ga0.82As quantum well (QW) and two undoped 60 Angstroms In0.05Ga0.95As Qws separated by 20 Angstroms Al0.08Ga0.92As barriers. The TC-QWIP stack has two response peaks, which are voltage-tunable from 9.2micrometers to 10 micrometers and 12micrometers to 12.2micrometers by the applied bias, respectively. For the LWIR TC-QWIP, a maximum responsivity of 1.96A/W at 12micrometers was obtained at T=40K, and a maximum detectivity of (Formula available in paper) was obtained at Vb=-1.7V, λp=12micrometers , and T=20K. As for the MWIR QWIP stack excellent responsivity at the peak wavelength of λp=5.1micrometers was obtained up to 120 K.


Networks have become more important than ever before as they seamlessly connect a variety of devices-traditional desktops, laptops, IoT and OT devices, cloud, SaaS, work-from-anywhere, supply chain, and contractor devices. This advent of hybrid work has introduced a great level of flexibility (and choice) in the way businesses can run today. With multi-cloud, and multi-device collaboration becoming a mandate for hybrid work, the new network needs to be truly edge-less. Unfortunately, network security has simply not kept up with this powerful "new network". As a result, organizations face issues around excessive costs of security operations, high impact due to extended attacker time, access within the victim network, and elevated risk of missed attacks.


This article highlights the theoretical issues of the source study classification of archival documents of the Turkestan ASSR, kept in the Central State Archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan.


Although among the categories informing the study of politics there are few as fundamental as those demarcating theory and practice, that distinction is highly problematic when applied to the analysis of ideologies. Many traditional as well as current approaches regard political thought as the area in which issues of moral philosophy pertaining to political entities are aired, with the objective of setting defining ethical and validating criteria which are then to be applied to political practice. A grounding of this view may be found in Kant, for whom individuals were subjected to clear and unequivocal moral duties and were therefore also men of affairs concerned with political right. As Kant argued, '... experience cannot provide knowledge of what is right, and there is a theory of political right to which practice must conform before it can be valid'. Hence, 'not all activities are called practice, but only those realizations of a particular purpose which are considered to comply with certain generally conceived principles of procedure.' The value of such a practice depended 'entirely upon its appropriateness to the theory it is based on'.1 This position has recently been restated thus: 'The major goal of a moral theory is to resolve conflicts arising in moral decision making giving clear guidance on how to act'.2 Building on ancient Greek views, such approaches hold contemplation to be inextricably linked to practical wisdom and virtue.3 As a consequence, politics – inasmuch as it contains conflict – is seemingly transcended, at least until it encounters a new moral dilemma for which further guidance will be available. More recent hermeneutic accounts are subtler in assessing the interaction between theory and practice, identifying a mutual relationship of interdependence, in which the contingencies of politics continuously batter against the walls of our preformed conceptions. Nonetheless, these accounts remain wedded to the eliciting of new truths or holisms from the multiplicity of timeand space-bound human experiences.4


The sections in this article are

1
Station Configuration

2
Load Characteristics

3
Station Load Modeling

4
Station Load Forecasting

5
Special Station Loads

6
Harmonics and Nonlinear Load

7
Voltage Regulation

8
Power Production and Load Distribution

9
Load Control


The present study was undertaken to understand the livestock species, breed composition and breeding practices followed in High Altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, India. Investigations were carried out in 4–5 cluster villages of three blocks of Chamba district through personal interviews of 180 respondents. High proportion of households reared different livestock species (81.12 percent households reared cows, 66.12 percent reared bulls, 27.78 percent had buffaloes and 36.67 percent reared sheep and Goat) in the region. Livestock breeding practices in the form of Natural Service and Artificial Insemination(AI), both were available and were followed by livestock owners. In cows, AI was preferred the most followed by both AI and natural service whereas in Buffaloes natural service was preferred the most. Constraints affecting AI services were poor conception rate, poor accessibility of AI, higher input requirement for progeny and less awareness about AI. On the other hand, poor progeny and non availability of superior germplasm were the major constraints associated with the use of natural service in the region.