Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an incidence of 0.5∼3% of the worldwide population. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is related to dysregulated keratinocyte function and immune reactions. Notably, genetic factors are considered important etiological contributors. Globally, several researchers have recently performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify the genes related with psoriasis.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the expression pattern of 2 candidate genes that were identified by GWAS. These include interleukin 28 receptor alpha (IL28RA) and CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1).
Methods: We applied imiquimod cream to develop a psoriasis-like mouse model and obtained skin tissue. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of IL-28A and CSMD1.
Results: IL28RA expression increased at an early time point such as 1 day after the topical application of 5% imiquimod cream. However, its expression returned to baseline levels 2 weeks after the topical application of imiquimod cream. CSMD1 expression also increased after the topical application of imiquimod, with increased expression particularly observed in the upper epidermal layer. Notably, CSMD1 expression decreased 7 days after imiquimod cream application.
Conclusion: These results suggest that IL28RA and CSMD1 may play key roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. (Korean J Dermatol 2018;56(10):609∼613)


As the new healthcare reform going further,an effective internal control system becomes very important to the improvement of hospital management.Some major problems are analyed in the development of hospital internal control system.Different aspects of the problems and proper strategies are put forward to prevent them accordingly.


The objectives of the study are to examine the determinants of ERP implementation success factors of ERP implementation. The result indicates that large sca le ERP implementation success consist of eight factors: pr oject management competence, knowledge sharing, ERP system quality , understanding, user involvement, business process re-engineering, top management support, organization readiness. Keywords—large scale ERP, implementation success factors,


One of the main attractions for the widespread of flash memories in data storage is their fast read speed. Read speed can potentially be jeopardized when there are a large number of read errors as a result of flash cell wear-and-tear, leakage, and many other factors. Powerful (error-correction coding) ECC techniques are generally employed, but the number of errors that these schemes can correct is limited; therefore, often other sophisticated error correction mechanisms such as RAID need to be invoked, as well, which introduce significant latency. Flash pages that are not ECC correctable are identified as bad pages. By proactively reading pages, decoding the data and comparing the bit-error with a pre-fixed bit-error threshold value one can potentially predict bad pages and remove their content before they become problematic. This paper proposes finding such bit-error thresholds by formulating the proactive read process as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Based on Dynamic Programming (DP) an algorithm can then be obtained that selects a maximum bit-error value (threshold) above which pages should be removed. Such threshold values can simply be stored as a look-up table in the controller ahead of time.


The main difficulties that researchers face in understanding emotions are difficulties only because of the narrowmindedness of our views on emotions. We are not able to free ourselves from the notion that emotions are necessarily human emotions. I will argue that if animals have emotions, then so can robots. Studies in neuroscience have shown that animal models, though having limitations, have significantly contributed to our understanding of the functional and mechanistic aspects of emotions. I will suggest that one of the main functions of emotions is to achieve the multi-level communication of simplified but high impact information. The way this function is achieved in the brain depends on the species, and on the specific emotion considered. The classical view that emotions are 'computed' by specialized brain centers, such as the 'limbic system', is criticized. I will suggest that an ensemble of well-known neurobiological phenomena, together referred to as neuromodulation, provide a useful framework for understanding how emotions arise, are maintained, and interact with other aspects of behavior and cognitive processing. This framework suggests new ways in which robot emotions can be implemented and fulfill their function. There are many inherent aspects of emotions that are extremely difficult to study and to account for. I will start by listing a few of them, and then suggest that it may be more fruitful to focus on the functions of emotions rather than on what emotions are. I will then suggest that animals do in fact have emotions, at least functionally, even though we might not be able to empathize with them. This will lead to the conclusion that, functionally, robots could have emotions as well. I will then briefly 1 New address: Duke University, Biomedical Engineering Department and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281. email@example.com. The author wishes to thank Dr. Michael Arbib for many constructive comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Paper presented at the AAAI Spring 2004 symposium on Architectures for Modeling Emotion: Cross-Disciplinary Foundations. E. Hudlicka and L. Canamero. Copyright © 2004, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. open a new window on the neural bases of emotions that may offer new ways of thinking about implementing robotemotions. Why are emotions so difficult to study? A difficulty in studying human emotions is that here are significant individual differences, based on experiential as well as genetic factors (Rolls, 1998; Ortony, 2002; Davidson, 2003a, b; Ortony et al., 2004). My fear at the sight of a bear may be very different from the fear experienced by a park-ranger who has a better sense for bear-danger and knows how to react. My fear might also be different from that of another individual who has had about the same amount of exposure to bears, but who is more prone to risk-taking behaviors. For emotions such as perceptual fear, the commonalities in expression, experience and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are large enough between individuals, and between species, so that it can be studied in animal models (LeDoux, 1996). However, the issue of individual differences may be overwhelming for emotions such as love or depression. Naturally occurring human emotions often arise in sequences, or in time varying intensity, and often outlast the stimuli that elicited them. After a Halloween prank, fear may yield to anger at the perpetrators followed by shame at oneself for being angry with neighborhood kids on Halloween. The fear of falling at the start of a roller coaster ride becomes less intense towards the end of the ride, even though the curves and speeds might be very similar. It may therefore be an oversimplification to speak of an emotional 'state', because emotions may be intrinsically dynamical phenomena of widely different time constants (from a few seconds for perceptual fear, to hours or days for moods, to months or years for depression or love). This makes the study of emotion more difficult since the emotional (and cognitive) contexts have often to be accounted for. Laboratory studies of emotions try to limit and control these factors. However, one must question the extent to which emotions in such controlled settings resemble the naturally occurring emotions. This problem is even more acute if, as I will suggest below, one of the primary roles of emotion is to


Objective To explore the opportunity of surgical intervention for cervical traumatic spinal cord injury.Methods From Feb.2006 to July 2008,64 patients with cervical traumatic spinal cord injury were divided into two groups: the patients in the first group had no fracture and dislocation,and those in the second group had fracture and dislocation.All patients were given glucocorticoid,deprivation,detumescence,trophic nerve,surgical intervention.The patients in the second group were also treated with traction reduction.Neurological function(Frankel grade) was evaluated before and after operation.Results All cases were followed up for 19 months on average(from 12 to 38 months).All patients were healed after 3.5 months on average.The X-ray showed that intervertebral heights and physiologic curves were well kept and there were no bone block and no plate/cage break or loose.According to Frankel system,80.5% cases obtained excellent and good effects in the second group,and 82.6% cases obtained excellent and good effects in the first group.Conclusion Medication should be used early after cervical traumatic spinal cord injury,to interdict more damage and to prevent complications.Surgery after 1-2 weeks of injury may improve neurologic recovery.


MOIS is a multi-object configurable slit spectrograph designed to be used with the 3.6 Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT). It will cover the near-infrared wavelength band of 0.97 - 2.37 microns and have a spectroscopic field of view of 9.1′×3.1′ and an imaging field of view of 9.6′ diameter. MOIS is being designed as a precursor to a future multi-object spectrograph for the planned National Large Optical Telescope (NLOT) in India. MOIS is currently designed with a modular configurable slit unit of 5 slits created by 10 bars moving pair-wise in opposition. The slit unit can be upgraded independently to increase the multiplexing capability. The design has unique challenges of operating the configurable slits in cryo temperatures and developing the wide-field imager and spectrograph optical design for the input f/9 beam from the telescope. Many unique design optimizations have been used following several trade studies to allow better mechanical tolerances and flexibility in the design for position of coldstop and thermal performance. We will discuss the detailed design and modeling for MOIS that has been completed as part of the preliminary design.


Abstract:This field report focuses on the successful experiences and challenges in involving children as both researchers and research participants in the study of the physical and emotional punishment of children in Vietnam. The study covered 500 children, including street children, and 500 adults from Kinh majority and ethnic minorities in both rural and urban areas in the North, Center and South of Vietnam. The report outlines the challenges that the research team faced in ensuring meaningful child participation. These included cases of teachers requesting that children refrain from providing information about the punishment children receive from their teachers, as well as challenges faced by the research team in facilitating participation from ethnic minority children across language and cultural barriers. The report shares experiences in dealing with these problems, including the formulation of a comprehensive ethical strategy prior to embarking on the research; the design and adaptation of research methods; and facilitation styles suited to particular target groups.


Read at a meeting of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 9th
May, 1871.-In the last paper I had the honour on bringing before
the Society I referred to a correspondence which was then
pending on the star n, and the attached nebula, in the constellation
Argo-Navis. It will be fresh in the minds of
many of the members of this Society that authorities, previously
quoted, have confirmed the alterations which have
been recorded in this object.


It's possible that simply choosing a host can, ultimately, decide the degree of success your website achieves. The right host will be there for you when you have questions, and they'll make it easy to build and maintain your website. They'll keep it secure and help keep you in business. The wrong host, by contrast, won't pay attention to suspicious activity on their servers or will charge you more to look for it. They won't be easy to reach. They may even let their hardware become out-of-date or charge you for features you don't use or didn't request.


In this paper, we introduce a new white noise delta function based on the Kubo–Yokoi delta function and an infinite-dimensional Brownian motion. We also give a white noise differential equation induced by the delta function through the Itô formula introducing a differential operator directed by the time derivative of the infinite-dimensional Brownian motion and an extension of the definition of the Volterra Laplacian. Moreover, we give an extension of the Itô formula for the white noise distribution of the infinite-dimensional Brownian motion.


The unique properties of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have motivated researchers to use them as primary reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In this study, the applicability of using external unbonded SMA bars to retrofit RC beam-column joints (BCJs) is investigated. A three-dimensional finite element model, which simulates the suggested retrofitting technique, is first developed, and validated using ABAQUS software. The model is then further simplified and utilized to conduct a parametric study to investigate the behaviour of SMA retrofitted RC BCJs. Results of the parametric study are used to perform multiple linear regression analysis. Simple equations, which can be used to calculate the length and amount of SMA bars required to retrofit a RC BCJ, are then developed.


Resonant error fields with toroidal harmonics n = 1 and n = 2 in otherwise axisymmetric tokamak plasmas can drive disruptive locked modes when their strength exceeds a threshold value. This paper presents the sensitivity of error field threshold in global parameters such as line-averaged density and toroidal magnetic field as well as toroidal harmonics dependence in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. The error field threshold for mode-locking increases along with density up to a roll-over density, which coincides well with the linear ohmic confinement (LOC) to saturated ohmic confinement (SOC) density for the studied KSTAR plasmas. This non-monotonic density correlation of the error field threshold in LOC–SOC can be explained by a modification of existing theoretical scaling in SOC, while plasma rotation can also play an important role in setting the resonant error field threshold.


A simple extension of Ghazala's technique yields a useful criterion of essentiality of a multiple output prime implicant. Use of such a criterion can simplify the subsequent logic minimization procedure.


The two most compelling methods for broadband homonuclear decoupling currently available, Zangger–Sterk (ZS) and pure shift yielded by chirp excitation (PSYCHE), were successfully adapted and tested on the 13C isotope. When applied during the indirect carbon evolution in the HSQC experiment, they both entirely eliminated the extended carbon–carbon multiplet structures observed in this dimension of a non‐decoupled HSQC spectrum of 13C‐enriched cholesterol. The optimized selective pulse modulated using novel non‐equidistant scheme for multisite refocusing (ZS) and the small flip angle saltire chirps (PSYCHE) both proved to be robust and efficient in providing decoupled spectra with a sensitivity of about 25% that of the non‐decoupled HSQC spectra with improved quality compared to earlier results.


ABSTRACT.
 Adult Lymantria dispar japonica (females only) and Lymantria mathura (both sexes) flew to commercial lighting during the night in Takizawa Village, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in large numbers during the first week of August 2008. Males of L. d. japonica were conspicuously absent while 93.8% of responding females were mated and subsequently laid an average of 419.2 eggs each post-flight. For L. mathura females, only 33.9% were mated during the first half of the night and each mated female carried on average 717.4 eggs (max. 1065). Egg counts were facilitated by a newly developed egg mass matrix digestion process and an approximation of egg count based on egg mass dry weight was calculated. These two moth species have dissimilar behavioral strategies—L. d. japonica is diurnal, mated during the afternoon pre-flight and females flew to the lighting after mating. In contrast, L. mathura is nocturnal and both sexes responded to the lighting; females generally arrived as virgins (unfertilized) to then mate with males as the night progressed. Lack of a moth flight in 2009 illustrated dramatic interannual population fluctuation prevalent among many lymantriine moths. An illustration of a 2013 mass flight in Ono City, Fukui Prefecture, suggests a more frequent occurrence of such flights in both time and space.


Aimed at study of the effect on formation flying using the algorithm and model for autonomous navigation based on satellite-borne GPS satellites,this paper designed a basic simulation system based on satellite-borne GPS satellites formation flying in which database system was used.On a basis of the law of satellites formation relative navigation,this paper simulated the space circle formation simulation,wheel formation and horizontal circle formation by using OPENGL language and database technology.The process of design was given.Considering the autonomous navigation of formation satellites based on receiving GPS signal,the visibility GPS constellation was simulated using GPS visibility analysis.The trajectory of formation satellites have been validated by STK.The software was used as a basic tool for designing formation flying and designing relative navigation algorithm of formation flying.The method will provide the basis data and technology for all kinds of spacecraft formation flying and for space vehicle rendezvous and docking.


The oxidation of uranium(IV) to uranium(VI) has been found to account for a --5% bias noticed in the determination of U/sup 235/. This induced air- oxidation is believed to be due to the alpha and gamma radiation associated with the various isotopes in combination with the catalytic effect of impurities. Following removal of the bulk impurities, 99.8% pure uranium has been assayed and 99.07% has been consistently reported. Solutions of 99.94% natural uranium (U/ sup 238/) were analyzed by the same titrimetric method and gave 99.75% uranium. Correcting for the slightly low assay for U/sup 238/, this gives the bias of -0.5 relative % for the titrimetric determination of U/sup 235/. (B.O.G.)


The purpose is an analysis of modern technologies that are applied abroad for their implementation in choreographic education, in particular, fitness equipment for the development of stability (aplomb).
The methodology. On the basis of theoretical methods of analysis and generalization, scientific sources of domestic and foreign methodical literature on the development of coordination qualities of dancers and athletes of technical-aesthetic sports by traditional means, as well as regulatory documents and video materials of online platforms and social networks, were elaborated.
The results. The results of this study are the analysis of modern technologies for the development of stability by means of fitness equipment used abroad, with the purpose of introducing them on the basis of traditional methods into Ukrainian choreographic education.
At the same time, there is a need to rethink the training programs in the specialty 024 "Choreography" and introduce sections on professional training of applicants using fitness equipment. It is also appropriate to create an information platform (holding methodical seminars, master classes, offline and online workshops) with the involvement of specialists in the field of choreographic education and fitness in order to share experience in the field of motor activity issues, coordination abilities and the formation of practical skills of stability and aplomb in dancers.
The scientific topicality. For the first time we analyzed and summarized the modern technologies for the development of stability (aplomb) of dancers abroad, and based on traditional methods, a complex of training exercises was developed with the aim of improving the professional skills of choreography students by means of fitness equipment.
The practical significance. A set of training exercises was structured and tested in practice, and methodical recommendations were proposed for the development of stability (aplomb) in students of choreographic departments of educational institutions of the artistic profile with the aim of improving dance performance skills. It is proposed to create informational and methodical events (methodical seminars, workshops, master classes) with the participation of experts in the field of choreographic art and fitness with the aim of experience exchanging and further introducing of innovative methods of stability developing by means of fitness equipment into choreographic education.


The article, after an introduction giving an outline history of the Mitchell Library, looks at the creation of a specialist arts department within an established collection, makes comparisons between the service in the past and the present, and tries to identify any changes, particularly in patterns of use and readership.


Introduction: Recently, Banff schema for grading liver allograft rejection had been proposed as international consensus criteria. This schema includes the pathological characteristics of acute liver allograft rejection, chronic rejection and late liver allograft dysfunction. However, the pathological characteristics of acute antibodymediated rejection have not been included. In the present study, we investigated the pathology of acute antibody-mediated rejection using DA-to-Lewis rat liver transplantation. Methods: Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed from DA (RT1a) to Lewis (RT1l) rats without immunosspression. We studied liver graft samples at day 3, day 5, day 7, and day 9, focusing on the cellular infiltrate, IgM and IgG deposition, Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines, and the pathological characteristics of acute antibody-mediated rejection in rat liver grafts. Results: A progressive acute celland antibody-mediated rejection developed with high levels of Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines leading to irreversible graft failure by day 11. By day 7, the mononuclear cell infiltrate, including CD3+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages, extended diffusely in the portal areas and caused endothelialitis of portal veins and cholangitis, and also seen in lobules. By day 5 IgM deposited on endothelial cells in portal veins, epithelial cells in bile ducts, and sinusoid in hepatic lobules. In addition, the deposition of IgG was evident on endothelia cells in portal veins, epithelial cells in bile ducts, and hepatic cells in lobules at day 7 and day 9. In light and electron microscopic studies, marked edema was seen in portal areas with neutrophil infiltration under entothelium of portal veins and within and around bile ducts at day 5. During the development of acute antibody-mediated rejection, the rejecting grafts showed thrombi in portal veins with exfoliation of endothelial cells, severe degeneration of epithelial cells in bile ducts, intralobular edema and hemorrhage with neutrophil infiltration, coagulation necrosis of hepatic cells, and large infarction with thrombus in large portal veins at day 7 and day 9. Conclusion: In liver transplantation, acute antibody-mediated rejection was characterized by endothelial cell injuries in microvasculature in portal areas and hepatic lobules with thrombi, edema and hemorrhage, and neutophil infiltration, and also by the epithelial cell degeneration in bile ducts. In late phase of rejection, large infarction occurred with thrombus in large vessels.


Introduction: As experienced in Emergency Departments (EDs) across Canada, Saskatoon EDs have a percentage of patients that leave before being assessed by a physician. This Left Without Being Seen (LWBS) group is well documented and we follow the numbers closely as a marker of quality, what happens after they leave is not well documented. In Saskatoon EDs, if a CTAS 3 patient that has not been assessed by a physician decides to leave the physician working in the ED is notified. The ED physician will: try to talk to the patient and convince them to stay, can assess the patient immediately if required, or discuss other appropriate care options for the patient. In spite of this plan patients with a CTAS score of 3 or higher (more acute) still leave Saskatoon EDs without ever being seen by a physician. Our desire was to follow up with the LWBS patients and try to understand why they left the ED. Methods: Daily records from one of the three EDs in Saskatoon documenting patients with a CTAS of 3 or more acute who left before being seen by a physician were reviewed over an eight-month period. A nurse used a standardized questionnaire to call patients within a few days of their ED visit to ask why they left. If the patients declined to take part in the quality initiative the interaction ended, but if they agreed a series of questions was asked. These included: how long they waited, reasons why they left, if they went somewhere else for care and suggestions for improvement. Descriptive statistics were obtained and analyzed to answer the above questions. Results: We identified 322 LWBS patients in an eight-month time period as CTAS 3 or more acute. We were able to contact 41.6% of patients. The average wait time was 2 hours and 18 minutes. The shortest wait time was 11 minutes, whereas the longest wait time was 8 hours and 39 minutes. It was found that 49.1% of patients went to another health care option (Medi-Clinic or another ED in Saskatoon) within 24hrs of leaving the ED. Long wait times were cited as the number one reason for leaving. Lack of better communication from triage staff regarding wait time expectations was cited as the top response for perceived roadblocks to care. Reducing wait times was cited as the number one improvement needed to increase the likelihood of staying. Conclusion: The Saskatoon ED LWBS patient population reports long wait times as the main reason for leaving. In order to improve the LWBS rates, improving communication and expectations regarding perceived wait times is necessary. The patient perception of the ED experience is largely intertwined with wait times, their initial interaction with triage staff, and how easily they navigate our very busy departments. Therefore, it is vital that we integrate the patient voice in future initiatives geared towards improving health care processes.


Manufacturing firms would like to maximize customer satisfaction by providing them with what they need when they need it. This, however, would mean continual variations in production quantities, and component orders from suppliers. A flexible manufacturing system can help alleviate costs related to modification of production quantities. The capacity of such a system, however, has to be limited because of high investment cost. Further, unless there is a long-term relationship, suppliers may levy a high surcharge for last minute changes in order size. We model a hybrid control policy comprising an advance (pre-production) order size agreed upon with suppliers, and a provision for real-time order revision at a given rate of surcharge. We show that a rank-order of products can be used for real-time revisions, and that a strong buyer-supplier relationship that keeps these surcharges low can actually help increase profits for both parties. We study issues such as compatibility between JIT and flexibility, and the impact of market conditions on overall profitability.


A model evaluating the energy balance of the soil/substrate and vegetation (i.e., two‐source) was applied to remotely sensed near‐surface soil moisture maps generated from passive microwave data collected during the Washita '92 experiment. Model parameters were derived from a soil texture and a land‐use/land cover database along with a normalized difference vegetation index map created from a SPOT satellite image. The Bowen ratio (BO, ratio of sensible to latent heat flux) was used for investigating the temporal and spatial variability in model output. Comparisons between predicted and observed heat fluxes were made with values summed over the daytime period. Daily maps of midday BO indicated areas with low vegetation cover or bare soil and senescent vegetation were drying out significantly (i.e., dramatic increases in BO), while other areas with higher vegetation cover showed smaller increases in BO in response to a drying soil surface. This result agrees with the profile soil moisture and surface flux observations indicating adequate moisture was available to the vegetation for meeting atmospheric demand. The predicted daytime fluxes agreed to within 1 mm of the observations with ≈25% difference between modeled and observed daytime evapotranspiration. Differences between modeled and measured surface temperatures averaged ≈2 K. The discrepancies between model output and observations are similar to the uncertainty in these measurements, indicating that the model provided reliable daytime energy flux maps for the Washita '92 study area using remotely sensed near‐surface soil moisture.


Device photocuring (10) of hand, particularly for the dental sector, with a base (20) station or base on which the device photocuring (10) which has a light source (18) is placed, with a sensor (40) in the base (30) and / or base station and / or device photocuring (10), so that the sensor (40) initializes the device photocuring (10), so that the device curing (10) has a trigger switch (16) and wherein the device initialization photocuring (10) starts an initialization program through which the device photocuring (10) is prepared to turn the light source ( 18), characterized by the fact that the operating switch (16) is mounted on the device photocuring (10) and the operating switch (16) is mechanical off or electrically before the initialization program is completed.


Robot Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery has been successfully used in many surgical procedures. With merits of fast recovery and reduced risk of infection, it has gained favor among patients and surgeons. However, due to the confined workspace for dexterity, poor endoscopic 2D vision, and sensorless instruments, robotic surgical procedures such as suture-pulling, knot-tying and needle-driving are tedious and time consuming. Ideally, these operations would be automated, leading to faster, more efficient robotic surgery. This paper presents two knot-tying methods suitable for automation. Experimental performance is comparable to human speeds with the potential for significant speed-up.


This work presents a comparison between three classical observation techniques for the estimation of the external load-torque of a low power PMSM, namely an extended Kalman filter, an unscented Kalman filter and an H∞ filter. The aim of this paper is to define how the load-torque estimation behaves as a sensorless control technique is generating the angular position and speed signals of the electrical machine. The obtained results are evaluated in order to determine which filter is the most suitable to be implemented on an embedded system.


Coil applied to one kind of magnesium alloy metallurgy in the production of six machine application roller cold rolling apparatus, from left unloading car, left coiler machine preamble and guard, left speedometer, accident cutting means, the left thickness, after six cold rolling mill, a heating device, Zhang Li device, the right thickness and right speedometer, machine guide and guard, the right coiler crop shear, the composition of the right unloading car, mounted on the left unloading car of foundation the upper rail, below the left coiler machine preamble and guard left winder secured together, the left speedometer, accident cutting means fixed to the left six roller gage cold left machine body, heating means, Zhang Li means the right thickness, the right side in the right speedometer six cold rolling mill roll body, the machine guide and guard, and the right crop shear coiler secured together, the right unloading car mounted on the track foundation on the right below the coiler. The apparatus improve the finished product and reduce the production costs, the production of wide, thin magnesium alloy strip.


The NMFS Northeast Sea Turtle Injury Workgroup reviewed all sea turtle interactions from 2012 to 2017 recorded by the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (n = 157) and At-Sea Monitoring (n =15), and interactions reported to the Sea Turtle Disentanglement Network (n=217). The workgroup first determined if the interaction occurred while the turtle was alive (e.g., not a carcass from the seafloor) and whether any injuries or other apparent effects were attributable to the interaction. If so, interactions were assigned one of three injury categories with associated post-interaction mortality rates, or a determination of 100% mortality was applied according to the criteria in NMFS (2017). Sea turtle records are presented by major gear type for the fishery observer records (trawl, gillnet, dredge, pot/trap gear) and by vertical fishing line, fish trap, or aquaculture gear for the entanglement records. The results are delineated by rolling 5-year periods (2012-2016; 2013-2017) to retain consistency with how previous regional results were presented and for applicability in Section 7 consultations. For the most recent 5-year time period (2013-2017), the resulting estimated mortality rate for observable interactions in trawl gear is 48%, gillnet gear is 73%, dredge gear is 40%, vertical line gear is 55% (or 61% if we include turtles that were not disentangled that we assumed died), and fish trap gear is 57%. While NMFS calculated previous mortality rate estimates for trawl, gillnet, and dredge gear, this is the first estimate of post-interaction mortality rates in vertical fishing lines (using entanglement data).


In this paper we consider two-party communication complexity, the ``asymmetric case'', when the input sizes of the two players differ significantly. Most of previous work on communication complexity only considers the total number of bits sent, but we study trade-offs between the number of bits the first player sends and the number of bits the second sends. These types of questions are closely related to the complexity of static data structure problems in the cell probe model. We derive two generally applicable methods of proving lower bounds and obtain several applications. These applications include new lower bounds for data structures in the cell probe model. Of particular interest is our ``round elimination'' lemma, which is interesting also for the usual symmetric communication case. This lemma generalizes and abstracts in a very clean form the ``round reduction'' techniques used in many previous lower bound proofs. ] 1998 Academic Press


The study used primary data from 300 households following multistage random sampling process in Northern Rajasthan. In this study minimum consumption expenditure per person was used as standard of measurement to measure poverty. To address dimension of poverty the study used, the FGT poverty measure that was introduced by (Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke, 1984).The study found that, 17.3 percent of sampled households are under poverty line in Northern Rajasthan. Within four years interval between 2011/12 to 2014/15 the average poverty status of Northern Rajasthan reduced from 21.7 percent to 17.3 percent. In each year poverty declined 1.1 percentage points. The poverty gap index was 0.04 and on average 4 percent of the poverty line cash transfer needed to lift each poor person out of poverty. The squared poverty gap index was 0.0121. District level decomposed poverty measures also shows, 17 percent of sampled households in Bikaner, 15 percent of Sir Ganganagar and 20 percent of Nagaur districts are under poverty line. The poverty gap index was 0.0557 for Nagaur district followed by Sir Ganganagar (0.0245) and Bikaner (0.2). In Bikaner district on average 20 percent, 6 percent in Nagaur and only 2.5 percent of the poverty line cash transfer needed to lift each poor person out of poverty. The amount of cash transfer needed to lift a poor at the Northern Rajasthan is much lesser than transfer needed in Bikaner and Nagaur districts. The squared poverty gap index was 0.021 for Nagaur district followed by Bikaner (0.0106) and Sir Ganganagar (0.0048). Non


Objective: To separate hepatic stem cells (HSCs) from adult mouse liver and to study their differentiation potentiality. Methods: Cells isolated from portal vein of adult mouse liver by purfusion digestion were long-term cultured in vitro. Their characteristics were identified by forming of splenic hyperplasia nodules and immunohistochemistry. Results: Cells isolated from adult mouse liver grew as colonies in vitro and could be subcultured stably. After the cells were transplanted intravenously into irradiated syngeneic mice, a number of hyperplasia nodules were seen in their spleens on the 12th day, in which many cells were positively stained with specific marker of hepatocytes and bile duct cells. Conclusion: The results suggest the existence of bipotential hepatic stem cells in adult mouse liver, and their successful subculture paves the way for further study.


Clinical outcome of patients with severe mental disorders treated with antipsychotics depends on individual response to therapy, adverse events, physical health, maintaining of physical health and of the patient's, interpersonal (patient - therapist), health and environmental features. Replacement of antipsychotics is a common therapeutic measure. The response depends on mostly unknown genetic factors, physiological particularities of the patient and its variations. This article summarizes the most important and the most recent pharmacological properties and consequences of cross-action of antipsychotics. It specifies the basic rules and ways of replacing antipsychotic drugs in different clinical situations, and summarizes alerts, recommendations and suggestions when changing antipsychotics.


A design method for integrated modeling and assessment DSS in Hydroinformatics based on ontology and domain modeling is given. Four levels of design are discussed. First, formal concept analysis is employed for domain ontology analysis and construction in Hydroinformatics. Second, OWL is used as representation language for domain ontology. In third level, metamodel method of domain model is combined with domain ontology for the design of domain model. And finally an example of flood risk analysis and management is given to illustrate the design process and integrated method.


This paper proposes a few-shot method based on Faster R-CNN and representation learning for object detection in aerial images. The two classification branches of Faster R-CNN are replaced by prototypical networks for online adaptation to new classes. These networks produce embeddings vectors for each generated box, which are then compared with class prototypes. The distance between an embedding and a prototype determines the corresponding classification score. The networks are trained in an episodic manner. A new detection task is randomly sampled at each epoch, consisting in detecting only a subset of the classes annotated in the dataset. This strategy encourages the network to adapt to new classes as it would at test time. In addition, several ideas are explored to improve the proposed method such as a hard negative examples mining strategy and self-supervised clustering for background objects. The performance of our method is assessed on DOTA, a large-scale remote sensing images dataset. The experiments conducted provide a broader understanding of the capabilities of representation learning. It highlights in particular some intrinsic weaknesses for the few-shot object detection task. Finally, some suggestions and perspectives are formulated according to these insights.


Large-scale research projects in dairy farming systems have developed partnerships with commercial farms .to improve the reach of R&D outcomes on-farm. Such arrangements were conceived by industry research bodies as essential for understanding the commercial feasibility and management complexity of new technologies for farm businesses that research trials and modelling cannot deliver. Partner farms is the term used in the dairy industry to describe the most intensive type of partnership, where the farm is considered an equal partner in the overall research programme, contributing as co-developers of knowledge. These partnerships are designed to 'fast track' research efforts by allowing research methodologies, born from trials and modelling, to be 'scaled up' on whole farm systems in order to see if they are of financial benefit in a commercial farming context. Thus, partner farms provide a whole systems context in which new technologies and management practices are implemented on-farm. This paper stems from a guide to investment concerning the partner farm methodology and the relationship between commercial farms, extension and research. The paper discusses the partner farm methodology and then reports on research into the partner farm methodology undertaken by the authors within 2 large multidisciplinary projects in the dairy industry (i.e. the 3030 Project based in South Eastern Australia and FutureDairy based in NSW). The discussion then focuses on the authors' conclusions and recommendations concerning the partner farm methodology and its present and possible future applications.


In this paper, an inductor-loaded slow-wave substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented and studied. The proposed structure features a number of unique propagation properties. First of all, the inductance value imposed along the transverse direction will affect the phase velocity and cutoff frequency of the waveguide simultaneously. Second, the inductance value in the longitudinal propagating direction will only affect the phase velocity but make no difference on the cutoff frequency. Based on the aforementioned characteristics, the size of structure could be controlled by separately tuning the loaded inductor along the transverse direction and longitudinal propagating direction. More importantly, it is released on the interrelationship between the phase velocity and cutoff frequency in the proposed guiding-wave structure. The feature will be beneficial to the design of leaky-wave antenna and matching circuits for SIW circuits. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that with the increasing of loaded inductance, a reduction of 35% in cutoff frequency is achieved compared with the conventional SIW counterpart. The phase velocity is also reduced by 35% with the increasing of the loaded inductor, which contributes to a miniaturized longitudinal dimension for a given electrical length.


Despite being highly ambiguous, the vocabulary of empowerment has been used recurrently since the early 2000s for celebrating the emancipatory potential of digital technologies. Indeed, these have been repeatedly described as having the power of bypassing the controls that authoritarian governments exert on the circulation of news, but also of circumventing the domination that corporate actors exercise in this field. Basing this article on a discussion of the literature on news transnationalisation and adopting a historical perspective, we try here to critically assess these technology-deterministic perspectives. We show that they emphasise the virtues of the new digital platforms without taking into account the constraints of the political economy that still play a great role in shaping the circulation of news at an international scale.


Investors often make investment decisions based on the psychological aspects that make the investment decisions irrational. This decision was taken by looking at the sentiments that occurred because of the company's external factors. These external factors are economic factors in the country and the index of movement of stocks abroad. This study discusses economic factors and indexes of foreign stocks on the Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. The results of this study found the variable rate of USD / IDR, the Dow Jones and Shanghai Composite Index partially had a significant effect on the temporary Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan, interest rates, net foreign funds, JPY / IDR, CNY IDR and NIKKEI225 partially did not significantly influence the Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan. Meanwhile, all variables simultaneously related significantly to the Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan Keywords: Economic Factors, Overseas Stock Index, IHSG


As a general rule, where a matter falls purely in the realm of contract law (i.e. where there is a contractual dispute, pure and simple, in relation to a contract with the Government/State), a writ petition cannot be moved under article 32 or 226 of the Constitution of India, rather private law remedies should be sought. But, it is also equally true that there is no absolute rule about the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court or the High Courts, under articles 32 and 226 respectively, getting inevitably ousted. Rather, the correct position is that, in an appropriate case, the writ Court has the jurisdiction to entertain a writ petition involving disputes arising out of a contract and/or involving some disputed questions of fact, provided the nature of the transaction or dispute involves some public law element. However, the distinction between public law and private law elements in the contract with Government/State is progressively getting imprecise, and at times, it becomes quite challenging to identify the line demarcating the public law and private law elements in such contracts. There, of course, cannot be a cast-iron rule for such distinction, as it depends upon the nature of the transaction in question and the consequent rights and obligations involved in the matter. In this paper, an attempt has been made to substantiate these propositions with the help of leading case laws. It is because of the subject that the author has largely relied upon the judicial pronouncements. The scope of this paper is confined to the Indian law.


Abstract Characterization of natural salts from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya, Indonesia has been carried out as a substitute for synthetic resins. The characteristics include zeolite activation with NH4Cl, and heated at 200°C, the bond stability test of 137Cs-zeolite, chemical composition analysis, surface area, pore size, analysis of Cs cation exchange capacity (CEC), diffusion coefficient (Di), activation energy (Ea), and absorption of three zeolites. To do this, pipette 50 μl of a standard solution of 137Cs from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), put in, 2 ml of 0.1 N HCl, and then add 1 g of zeolite and stir each for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 h. Based on this stirring time, the 137C isotope will exchange ions with NH4-zeolite to 137Cs-zeolite in the solid phase. The content of 137Cs in 137Cs-zeolites (solid phase) was analysed using a gamma spectrometer. The results of the chemical composition analysis showed that the character of zeolite from Lampung has a Si/Al ratio, with a CEC value of 1.448 mEq/g which is greater than Bayah and Tasikmalaya, while the Di and Ea values for the three select types were obtained almost the same. Moreover, the stability test of the Cs ion bond with zeolite showed no significant release of Cs ions from the zeolite structure. It can be concluded that the three soloists tested that the zeolite from Lampung has better characters. The results of 137Cs isotope separation in 150 μl of U3Si2/Al fuel solution post-irradiation using zeolite from Lampung and Dowex resins obtained almost the same recovery around 98–99%, so it can be concluded that zeolite from Lampung can be used as a substitute for synthetic resin in the cation exchange process for the 137Cs isotope in nuclear fuel post-irradiated.


Studying old maps of North America is a rich pleasure. To arrange them in chronological sequence is to observe the human mind making the most of what it thinks it knows. The cartographers did the best they could with what they themselves had seen and what explorers had reported to them. They worked by candlelight in an immensity of darkness and for a student there is drama in watching the light grow stronger. There is a similar but more important pleasure in studying maps of a much less well-explored unknown, namely, American life and the American way of life. Americans, our country, and our people are a great nation. But are we great enough? It depends upon whether you look at the whole fruit of the work of free men or see only the blemishes. We know we have not reached our high ideals, but we are still trying. Around us swirl the problems of the day. We face them just as our forefathers did. Each generation has had its own special problems. There has always been a struggle, but we did not quit. We kept on working and striving. And so it goes. Today, complaints and criticisms blow about our heads with every passing breeze. Civil rights! Labor and strikes! High prices! Industrial monopolies! Racial and religious prejudice! Housing! The atom bomb! Yes, we have our problems. But all peoples at all times and in all places have had them. Ours are not insurmountable. What is needed is a declaration of policy on the part of every American and it should be accompanied by a statement of his firm intention to exert full effort to procure its acceptance and furtherance. Emphatically, this does not mean that our platform should be put forth as an ultimatum, which other people must accept or reject totally. On the contrary, the first plank in our platform should be a firm commitment on our part to accommodate our purely selfish interests to a program that can be accepted as fairly representing the interests of all. But equally, there is imposed on each person an obligation to state honestly and openly what he conceives his individual interest to be, as well as his conception of what measures will best serve the general interest. What does America want? It wants the sum total of what the citizens want. Then what do we citizens want? Americans have displayed a singular diffidence in the matter of formulating an individual


Molten polymer nanofilms subject to a large transverse thermal gradient can undergo a thermocapillary instability leading to the growth of nanopillar arrays on the cooler side. The array pitch can be estimated from the fastest growing wavelength from linear stability analysis. Here we quantify the influence of gas rarefaction on thermal conduction for cases in which the gas layer thickness above the film approaches dimensions of the molecular mean free path. For experimentally relevant parameters, rarefaction increases the pitch by as much as 65%, an important consideration for noncontact three-dimensional structure formation by thermocapillary lithography.


Global trends and factors, such as the increased level of globalization, climate change, resource scarcity, and awareness of social and environmental responsibilities, as well as fiercer competition and lower profit margins in all industries, force organizations to act to retain, regain, or sustain their competitive advantages for long-term survival. These trends and factors are historically known to bring about innovations that drive the evolution of industries. Sustainability is considered to be such an innovation to achieve fiscally sound, environmentally conscious, and socially progressive organizations and supply chains. This study reviewed 477 past articles published in five major databases from 1990 to 2018. The purpose of the study was to assess the current state-of-the art in the subject of lean-driven sustainability. Based on the exhaustive descriptive and contextual analysis, synergies, divergences, and the extent of two-way permeability of lean and sustainability concepts from the perspective of intra- and inter-organizational operations were identified along with future research opportunities. Fundamental strengths and weaknesses of both concepts, existing strong synergies and untapped potential, along with their key contributors, the potential-use cases of lean tools to derive sustainable solutions are highlighted in this review.


The nudibranchs collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition comprise only six species, but these include two new and interesting genera. The species are— 1. Notaeolidia gigas, gen. et spec. nov. 2. N. purpurea, sp. nov. 3. Tritonia appendiculata, sp. nov. 4. T. pallida, Stimpson. 5. Tritoniopsis brucei, gen. et sp. nov. 6. Scyllaea pelagica, L. The Scyllaea was caught on the return voyage, in the Atlantic, 32° N., 33° W.; Tritonia pallida, off Dassen Island, forty miles north of Cape Town; Tritoniopsis brucei, off Gough Island, 40° 20′ S., 9° 56′ W.; and the three remaining species in Antarctic waters.


This article focuses on the preparation and properties of ethylene glycol dipropionate(EGDP),and EGDP was synthesized from ethanediol and propanoic acid by direct esterification method. For purpose of an optimum reaction conditions,orthogonal method was employed on the basis of single-factor test. The structure of EGDP was determined by fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results indicated that molar ratio of propionic acid to ethanediol was 2. 5∶ 1,p-toluene sulfonic acid and toluene accounted for 1. 0% and 10% of the total mass,respectively,reaction time was 3. 0 h,the yield of EGDP was up to 87. 4%. Compared with the performance of common high boiling-point solvents,ethylene glycol dipropionate was environmentally friendly,which had high capability for dissolving,and had potential application in coating and plastic industry as well.


More than one quarter of pregnancies after IVF are multiple, resulting in 80% of births before 33 weeks GA. Survival of these tiny babies is only made possible through complex care, raising numerous medical, technical, psychological and ethical problems.


The invention discloses a solar electrical bicycle charging device additionally installed on a parking shed. The solar electrical bicycle charging device comprises a solar cell panel, a host, a controller, a stored energy inverter, a storage battery, a plurality of charging wires and a plurality of user identification terminals. The solar cell panel is connected with the host and the controller, the host is connected with the controller and the user identification terminals, the controller is connected with the storage battery and the stored energy inverter, and the stored energy inverter is connected with the storage battery and the charging wires. Parking and charging are combined, convenience is provided for a user of an electrical bicycle, and the charging device can be used in the daytime, at night and on a rainy day without restriction of weather conditions. Most of the time, the electrical bicycle is placed in the parking shed, the parking shed is large in area and electric energy production, according to needs, the capacity of the storage battery can be increased, the user terminals and monitoring terminals can be configured, and practicability is high.


The invention provides a liquid sealing vibration isolation device and a vibration isolation unit through which the limitation on a configuration position of a separation member by a pressure-reducing and filling hole can be reduced even under a condition that liquid is sealed in a chamber for pressure reduction and the pressure-reducing and filling hole is filled with fluid. As a separation membrane is vulcanized and adhered on the inner circumference of an annular insulation member 44 which is annular in the axial direction, and the pressure-reducing and filling hole 44c is arranged on the annular insulation member 44, so that the influence on the configuration position of the separation member 15 by the pressure-reducing and filling hole 44c can be limited and the separation member 15 can be arranged on any position on a condition that the pressure-reducing and filling hole of a conventional product forms the side surface of an outer cylinder member.


Quebec: State and Society, 3rd Edition, Alain-G. Gagnon, ed., Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2004, pp. 500. Alain-G. Gagnon's compilation Quebec: State and Society has been a very popular staple of political science course syllabi over the past two decades. Now in its third edition, Gagnon has compiled a selection of twenty-two original articles by leading scholars in the social sciences to examine the diverse facets of modern Quebec society and politics. English-speaking students will benefit greatly from the fact that fifteen of the essays have been translated from the original French, which will broaden their exposure to top-level francophone scholarship (although in some cases the translation is imprecise and contains a number of Gallicisms). This collection includes some extremely strong contributions, and a diverse array of perspectives on modern Quebec. Yet in other respects, particularly in terms of the overall structure of the book, it suffers from some serious weaknesses that might make it of questionable suitability for teaching purposes.


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2(IGFBP-2) in liver tissue of rat with fatty liver.Methods Sixty male SD rats were equally divided into 6 groups of three model groups and three corresponding control groups.The rats in model groups were induced fatty liver with CCl4,alcoholic or fat-rich diet.The expressions of IGFBP-2 in liver tissues were detected by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.Results The expressions of IGFBP-2 in liver tissues of three model rats were significantly higher than those of corresponding control groups [(245.3±67.6)pieces/mm2 vs.(53.5±15.3)pieces/mm2,(282.4±58.6)pieces/mm2 vs (61.2±14.2)pieces/mm2,(352.8±81.3)pieces/mm2 vs.(66.2±13.7)pieces/mm2](P0.01),which were higher in high fat diet model group than those in CCl4 model group or alcoholic model group(P0.05).Conclusion IGFBP2 may play an important role in the development of fatty liver,especially in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver.


Brown root disease caused by Phellinus noxius is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions in Asia and becoming an important root affecting fungi in Sri Lankan rubber plantations. Most of the economically-important plantation and other crop species as well as forestry species have been reported to be affected by this disease. However, the significance of the brown root rot was recognized only recently in Sri Lanka with the expansion of rubber to non-traditional areas in Uva, Northern and Eastern provinces and with low adoption of the recommended land preparation measures. According to the literature, this disease is usually found in many plantations where crop established on cleared forest sites. The objectives of the current study was to investigate the local host species of the disease and to evaluate the role of those species in the development of brown root disease in rubber. Seventy brown root disease incidences were used to assess the host range and the disease transmitting pattern. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the background information. In association with the roots of the diseased tuber trees, decayed roots of twenty species of forestry origin which were kept in situ were identified, exhibiting the similar signs and symptoms of the disease. However, the pathogen isolates could be isolated from only five alternative species, as some of the roots were too decayed. They were Cereya arboria (kahata), Ginelina arboria (eth demata), Bridelia retusa (keta kela), Mangifera indica (mango) and Artocarpus heterophillus (jak). These isolates showed a variation in their morphological and physiological characteristics. The studies on the pathogenicity and the cross infection ability are in progress. It was observed that in all disease incidences, the initially diseased rubber tree had a root contact with a diseased roots of some other species. Moreover, at all the incidences, land had been previously either under the forest or abandoned for years with trees and shrubs of forest origin. Based on these facts, it can be concluded that the infection of brown root disease to rubber has a correlation with the presence of other tree species in the root contact. It can therefore be expected that the innoculum is present in native forests on infected roots or woody debris and rubber plants got infected when the roots made contact with the infected roots and other woody debris of cleared native forests. Keywords: Brown root disease, Rubber, Forest species


S ignificant changes are being incorporated into biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes as a result of drivers such as increasingly strict regulatory demands, reduction of manufacturing costs, and outsourcing to contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs). Historically, many biopharmaceutical processes were designed and built based on cleanable, reusable stainless steel systems and unit operations. Today several industry drivers are shifting some unit operations toward single-use technologies, namely lowered cross-contamination, reduced capital investments, and desired further reduction in manufacturing costs and shortened drug development times (1–3). The general benefits of disposable systems have been described in various case studies and technical articles (4–9), but their suitability for each specific process must be assessed individually. One universal requirement, whether a system is single-use or reusable, is the application of good engineering practices and the effective integration of a diverse range of technologies and process operations. This may be easier to achieve for reusable stainless steel systems because of the industry's greater familiarity with established technologies as well as the availability of knowledge on design and operation of existing processes. The task can potentially be more demanding for relatively new technologies, with which users have limited experience. In such cases, success requires close collaboration with system engineering companies, especially those having experience in single-use systems and technologies. Here we describe a case study in which an integrated single-use system was designed and developed for a CMO (Patheon UK) by a systems supplier (Pall Life Sciences) using appropriate project management tools and good engineering practices. Outline Of PrOject The CMO was planning to manufacture clinical trial lots for a new drug within an existing production facility. The process involves contained API powder dispensing and the addition of API and excipient powders into a chilled mixing system with inlet ports for WFI and a pH adjuster. The final product liquid formulation is sterile filtered into a chilled holding vessel and then aseptically transferred from a class 10,000 (Grade C) area to a vialfilling machine through a final sterilizing filter in a class 100 (Grade A) area. The filled vials are then lyophilized. The preferred manufacturing option was to develop a disposable system and complete that project in six months. Six lots were required, the first three at 20-L scale and the second three at 125-L scale, using 50-L and 200-L disposable mixing systems, respectively.


Some Takayasu's arteritis (TA) patients suffer from occlusion and/or stenosis of major extracranial cerebral arteries. Various carotid reconstructions have been employed for these patients to relieve brain ischemic insult. Although the occlusive lesions could be treated with bypass grafts, indications and guidelines for operative management have not been well established. We present a new reconstructive procedure using internal thoracic artery (ITA, living graft) as the donor for bypass surgery to supplement the cerebral blood flow. The case is a 38-year-old woman who presented with three episodes of syncope attack. The patient was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as TA. Before the operation, the patient was scheduled to undergo aortocarotid bypass using saphenous veins. However, a dilated ascending aorta with an extremely thin wall made it impossible. Finally, we decided to use the ITA as the donor for bypass surgery. This patient is now free of cerebral ischemic insult 15 months after operation. Although the procedure is still at a preliminary stage, we describe one successful case.


The ambitious aim, set by the Paris Agreement in 2015, of limiting global warming to less than 1.5°C is still feasible, an analysis shows.1

The agreement aims to hold the increase in global average temperature to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and countries signing up to it agreed to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C.

The 1.5°C aspiration was seen as unachievable because analysts predicted that carbon emissions would need to fall to zero within seven years. However, the new analysis, based on the latest …


Keywords: potassium, nutrient budgets, nutrient depletion, fertilizer, kinetics, adsorption, desorption , fixation, release, modeling, rice cropping system, NaTPB -extractable K, NH 4 OAc-extractable K, sedimentation. Rice cropping has been greatly intensified in many Asian countries during the last decades to meet the increasing demand for food by the increasing population. There is some concern now that the increased crop yields and nutrient withdrawal, in combination with unbalanced fertilization, lead to potassium (K) depletion of the soil and to K deficiency in rice. However, reports about crop response to K fertilizer application in wetland rice cropping systems show conflicting results, and there are no proper guidelines for K management. This study was set-up to increase the understanding of K budgets of rice cropping systems, and of K dynamics in soil, to be able to develop K management schemes for the various rice cropping systems. The study was carried out in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, a major rice growing area. Field studies have been carried out to quantify the inputs and outputs of K in various rice cropping systems. Kinetics of K adsorption-desorption and of K fixation-release in soil has been studied in the laboratory to understand the behavior of K in soils. Pot experiments have been carried out to study effect of water management, K fertilizer application on soil K pools and K uptake, and examine the rate of changes of various K pools in soil by rice, grown under controlled conditions. Models were used to analyze and predict changes of K pools in soils over time, using rate constants and initial pool sizes as derived from the laboratory and pot experiments. K budgets were assessed for areas, representing double and triple rice cropping systems on flooded alluvial soils. Partial K budgets proved inadequate and a differentiation between pools according to the availability of K in sediments was useful. K balances were always positive for total K, and negative for K( NH 4 OAc) unless about 80 kg ha -1 yr -1 fertiliser K was applied, while balances for K( NaTPB ) were in between. Removal of rice straw was the largest K output, sedimentation the largest input for total K. The order of the amounts of extracted K was 0.01 M CaCl 2 4 OAc pH 7 3 NaTPB . All methods were well correlated with plant uptake of K. Simple first order equations adequately described adsorption, fastening and desorption of K. The rate coefficient of K removal with NaTPB decreased over time and could be accounted for by the Yang and Janssen equation. In a greenhouse experiment, water management between two successive crops had no influence on soil K( NH 4 OAc) and K( NaTPB ), and on K uptake. Because K( NaTPB ) did not decrease over time, it was concluded that the intermediate pool in a three-pools model could not be assessed by K( NaTPB ). Hence the test of a three-pools model failed. Two models were tested using the results of greenhouse experiments. A so-called Series model, in which K flows from minerals to an intermediate pool, next to the labile pool of exchangeable K according to first-order kinetics was able to predict the dynamics of soil K pools over time and K uptake in the future. Also a reduced Series model with only two pools was well applicable. The so-called Parallel model in which K moves from each of the pools to the solution pool turned out to be useful for a first interpretation of experimental data to identify the sources of K uptake, but it was unable to predict future soil K changes and hence future K uptake. Based on application of the Series model, a decision support system scheme on soil K management was outlined.


Pregnancy outcomes for diabetic women reflect how well glycemia is controlled. Functional insulin treatment (FIT), which distinguishes between basal, meal-related, and correctional insulin and promotes flexible eating, isthe principal element of the structured outpatient group educational scheme used in managing 76 consecutive pregnancies in 59 women with pregestational diabetes, 54 of whom had type I diabetes, Controls included a historical series of diabetic pregnancies, a retrospective group of nondiabetic pregnancies, and population-based data for all newborn infants registered in Austria during the study period. The historical control group of six women had had at least one diabetic pregnancy before and after the introduction of FIT. Patient training used one-on-one patient counseling and structured group teaching modules recommended by a diabetes care team. Treatment was based on lowering target blood glucose levels and doubling the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose compared with the nonpregnant state. Weekly contact was considered optimal. Ultrasound screening for malformations and fetal echocardiography were carried out at 20 weeks' gestation, and ultrasound was done biweekly from 28 weeks of gestation onward. In general, women were admitted only after labor began. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were 113% of the mean value for nondiabetic, nonpregnant women in the last trimester, and self-monitored blood glucose averaging 5.6 mmol/L was achieved throughout all FIT pregnancies. Severe hypoglycemia complicated 14 pregnancies. The gestational age at delivery averaged 39.2 weeks, with 5% of cases less than 37 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 3305 g. Four newborn infants (5%) were above the 90th centile for birth weight, and 12% were below the 10th centile. Hypoglycemia was found in 8% of newborn infants. Two infants whose mothers booked for diabetes FIT education only after conception had malformations. The rate of cesarean delivery was 25%. Major pregnancy complications were less frequent than in the historical diabetic pregnancy control group. Diabetes-related neonatal complications were reduced to levels found in the general population. These findings suggest that structured group education that promotes normal and flexible eating may normalize pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes.


The preparation of [Re0 2 py 4 ]Cl'by boiling the brown product obtained by the reaction between KRe0 4, KI and HCl with aqueous pyridine is described. The air-dried sample is the dihydrate, [Re0 2 py 4 ]Cl. 2H 2 0, which becomes anhydrous on drying in vacuum over P 2 0a. The cyanide and the perchlorate salts of [Re0 2 py 4 l+ have been obtained by the metathesis between [Re0 2 py 4 ]Cl and KCN and NaCl04 res pectively. The free base [Re02py 4 ]0H prepared in solution by ion exchange technique is a strong one and cannot be isolated in pure stat~. An aqueous solution of[ReO~py 4 ]CN. 2H 2 0 on long standing deposits [Re02py 2 (H 2 0) (CN)]. In the presence of methylating agents liike methyl iodide or dimethyl sulphate the yield is much improved. The substance dissolveg unchanged m cold concentrated H 2 S0 4• [Re0 2 py 3 (CN)] is deposited by keepmg a solution of [Re0 2 py 4 )CN. 2H 2 0 containing a small amount of pyridine. Its coordination polymer [H.e0 2 py 4]; (Re0 2 (CN) 4] has been obtained by the metathesis between [Re0 2 py 4 ]Cl and K.,[Re0 2 (CN) 4).


In the IT era, on how to use IT for teaching design in the implementation of project-based teaching vocational English courses, is an important task for vocational colleges to deepen the reform of English teaching, in the paper, the author of the information experience of teaching design competition explore the direction of information technology teaching vocational English courses designed feasibility and future development.


A bibliography is presented of papers reporting absolute measurements of photon (XUV, x-ray, gamma-ray, bremsstrahlung) total interaction cross sections or attenuation coefficients for the elements and some compounds. The energy range covered is from 10 eV to above 10 GeV. These papers are part of the reference collection of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Photon and Charged Particle Data Center. They cover the period from 1907 through 1993 and into 1994. Thus this report is an update of the 1986 earlier report NBSIR 86-3461, and also includes additional papers dating back as far as 1966 which have since been found or brought to the attention of the author. Included with each reference are annotations specifying the energy range covered and the substances studied. This updated bibliography now includes 573 non-duplicative references to available measured data, plus 42 references to critical evaluations and review articles.


Background. Breast milk is the most important food for the infant. A strong body of evidence now exists to show the health benefits of breastfeeding (BF) for infants. There is a growing conviction among some of today's young mothers to remain naturally breastfed and to fight for every drop of milk. However, despite UNICEF's investment in programmes to support the sustainability of breastfeeding, there is no consistent trend towards increased longevity.
Aim. We seek to understand in detail the reasons behind the obstacles to successful, long-term breastfeeding in every single region of Russia.
Materials and methods. We surveyed 801 women who had completed breastfeeding and selected the most comprehensive 459 questionnaires.
Results. Analysis of the obtained data allowed us to identify a number of predictors of premature lactation completion, to identify conditions under which women are able to breastfeed their infants for a long time, and to reveal a number of "pain points" of BF in our country.
Conclusion. We call upon paediatricians to improve their knowledge and to become specialists in the area of breastfeeding by focusing their preventive work on safeguarding and supporting breastfeeding.


Since 1987, no study has reported the municipal‐level geographical clustering of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the temporal and municipal‐level geographical clustering of KD.


There is a duality inherent in the nature of myth. From one point of view, myths may be said to embody timeless paradigms of the rhythms of life and nature. The events of myth are not chance happenings. Rather, they figure forth in narrative form the eternal patterns which inform and give meaning to the phenomena of mundane reality. In this sense, divine stories may be regarded as the science of mythic consciousness, revealing and confirming the structure of experience, the recurring and significant features of the temporal world. This is what Mircea Eliade means when he remarks that "the religious life of any human group at the ethnological stage will always include certain elements of theory." These elements he identifies as "symbols, ideograms, natureand genealogy-myths, and so on." He goes on to observe that "the apparent conceptual poverty of the primitive cultures does not imply an inability to construct theory, but implies rather that they belong to a style of thinking totally different from our modern style, with its roots in the speculation of the Greeks." Properly speaking, then, the subject matter of myth lies outside of history,


Controlled release of indomethacin ethyl ester from polymeric nanocapsules with the variation of the concentratio of sorbitan monostearate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the sorbitan monoestearate concentration, one of the components of the oil core of the nanocapsules, in the release kinetic of the indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded poli(e-caprolactone) nanocapsules. In this way, the indomethacin ethyl ester was entrapped within each system and its alkaline hydrolysis was carried out to simulate a sink condition. The rate for the indomethacin ethyl ester consumption decreased with the increase in sorbitan monostearate concentrations. The indomethacin ethyl ester half-live was related to the sorbitan monostearate concentration, increasing as the sorbitan monostearate concentration increased. The drug release mechanism was determined as anomalous transport. Linear correlations were obtained between the increase in the sorbitan monostearate concentration and the particles concentration in the suspensions (R = 0.9711). Mixture of different nanoparticles that are not nanocapsules were observed by density gradient and characterized. The indomethacin ethyl ester fluxes from the nanocapsules were determined and presented a decrease of the flux as the sorbitan monostearate concentration increased. This result was related to changes in the oil core viscosity caused by the variation of the sorbitan monostearate concentration. Finally, the results demonstrated that the main factor that contributes for the delaying in the time for the indometahcin ethyl ester consumption was the direct relation between the sorbitan monostearate concentration and the apparent permeability of the nanocapsules (R = 0.9894). Key-words: polymeric nanocapsules, sorbitan monostearate, indomethacin ethyl ester, alkaline hydrolisis, turbidimetry, density gradient, apparent permeability.


In 1929, Arthur Carhart published The Last Stand of the Pack, an account of the extermination of nine of the last gray wolves in Colorado during the early 1920s. Carhart began his career in 1919 working as a landscape architect for the U.S. Forest Service, which sent him to Trapper's Lake in western Colorado's White River National Forest to map the lake and assess its potential for recreational development. Carhart completed his assignment, but instead of endorsing development around the lake, he advocated strongly for the lake to be set aside in its natural condition; his boss, Aldo Leopold, agreed. (Today, Trapper's Lake is protected within the Flat Tops Wilderness.) Nevertheless, while Carhart convinced the Forest Service to protect Trapper's Lake, both he and his supervisors were enthusiastic participants in a federal program designed to eliminate every last wolf in the United States. By 1945 (and perhaps even as early as 1935), wolves had been extirpated from Colorado.


As organisms respond to changes in their environment genetic variation between individuals can directly affect organismal trait phenotypes by altering gene expression. Historically, studies have focused on the effect of genetic variation on mRNA synthesis (transcription) and decay rates. Relatively few studies have probed the relationship between DNA variants and proteinspecific regulation of individual genes, despite the plethora of evidence that RNA levels are often poor proxies for protein levels. No study to date has mapped genetic variation associated with dynamic protein levels. In this study we investigated the location and identity of genetic variants acting on protein expression dynamics for the genes Fig1, Fus3, and Tos6 during mating pheromone response in isolates of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We classified protein level variation as either local (driven by variation within the locus of the gene of interest) or as trans-acting (driven by variation elsewhere in the genome) by swapping gene of interest alleles between lab and clinical strain isolates. We previously found that Fig1p protein levels are controlled by trans-acting genetic variants and in this study we found evidence of local effects acting on TOS6 protein abundance but could not disentangle local from trans effects for the Fus3 gene. To map quantitative trait loci associated with Fig1 protein level variation (pQTL) during mating pheromone response we used a novel time-based Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) approach combined with Fluorescence Activated single-Cell Sorting (FACS) and Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS). These findings demonstrate the value of mapping protein expression dynamics and shed light on the complex nature of genotype-phenotype relationships in natural populations.


Lymphotactin (Lptn) is a C chemokine produced predominantly by NK and CD8-positive (CD8 1 ) T cells including gd TCR-positive (TCR 1 ) intraepithelial lymphocytes. Lptn is chemotactic for NK and T cells and likely plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelium and in mucosal immune responses. In this study, we characterized the immune responses to OVA given intranasally with Lptn to mice. This regimen enhanced OVA-specific serum Ab responses and Ab titers in mucosal secretions. Lptn also enhanced OVA-specific Ab-forming cells in mucosal and systemic compartments. CD4-positive (CD4 1 ) T cells isolated from mucosal compartments and spleens of mice intranasally immunized with OVA plus Lptn displayed higher OVA-specific proliferative responses and greater synthesis of IFN- g , IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 than did CD4 1 T cells from mice given OVA without Lptn. These studies indicate that Lptn has adjuvant properties and suggest that Lptn present in the mucosa has the potential to enhance mucosal and systemic Ab responses through help provided by Th1- and Th2-type cells to link the initial innate signals of the mucosa with the acquired immune system. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 1959–1965.


Pain catastrophizing is linked to a range of negative health and treatment outcomes, although debate continues about how best to define and treat it, since most interventions produce only modest benefit. This study aimed to contribute to theory‐driven development of these treatments by exploring the role of perseverative thinking in pain catastrophizing, along with the higher order beliefs, called metacognitions that might shape it.


tury.3 The high points of this particular facet of the thriving world of ornament engraving in Paris from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century include designs by Philippe Cordier Daubigny, Thomas Picot, Jean Berain, Claude Simonin, an enigmatic engraver known only through the signature on his surviving prints as De Lacollombe, and his student Gilles Demarteau, whose firearms engravings are the focus of this article.4 The work of these artists reflects the development of French ornament from Louis XIII to Louis XVI, when French fashions?and French firearms?set the standards for much


- The objective of this work was to investigate the bacterial association to remediate diesel oil. We reported the biotic and abiotic contributions to difference in diesel oil degradation efficacy between two bacterial strain Pseudomonas auerigonsa (AHJ8) and Acinetobacter lwoffii (AHJ6) isolated from diesel oil contaminated soil and garden soil. We characterized the physical variations in bioremediation efficacy for diesel oil. Diesel oil and them constitutes as sole carbon sources, quantify the components which they degrade. Initially isolation was carried the detection of hydroxyl metabolite catechol during degradation of diesel oil. We further estimated the degradation efficacy between the two strains, also studies the biotic and abiotic parameters. On the basis of these analysis, we concluded that AHJ8 strain has higher degradation efficacy. This strain degrades the 75%n alkanes,11% n -paraffin, and 13% aromatic compounds during 15 days periods. Comparatively, AHJ6 has 97%degradation efficacy during 15 days. These observations with GC-MS data confirm that these isolates have rapid diesel oil remediation. These strains were thereby suggestive for application in diesel oil biodegradations under all investigated nutrition and environmental conditions in polluted soil.


The authors have synthesized a previously unknown compound of thorium and PF/sub 3/ corresponding to the formula ThP/sub 3/F/sub 7/. Its solubilty in a number of organic and inorganic solvents was studied. Its thermal decomposition and IR and x-ray electron spectra were obtained. The mechanism of the reaction of atomic Th with the PF/sub 3/ matrix is discussed.


Utilizing the world panel dataset for the pollution emission embedded in international trade for the period between 1988 and 2009, we investigated whether the composition of international trade of a country moved away from pollution-intensive industries as its income level rises. The empirical evidence suggests that the income levels of countries are negatively related to export pollution intensity, but we also find that income is negatively related to import pollution intensity. Thus, the composition effect of international trade on the environment is only consistent with the pollution haven hypothesis on the export side, which predicts that developing countries export more of dirtier industries and import more of cleaner industries after trade liberalization. Further investigation reveals that the lower-middle income countries experienced an increase in the pollution emission of exports and a decrease in the pollution emission of imports, whereas the countries in the lowest income group experienced increases in the pollution emission embodied in both exports and imports.


This is a basic subject guide to standards resources that are paid by subscriptions, individual purchase, or freely available. Includes list of codes that are part of the International Code Council (ICC) and work with the Indiana Codes


Little is understood about how the aging process affects persons with cerebral palsy. Adults with cerebral palsy want to anticipate the type, severity, and course of age-associated changes that are likely to occur as they grow older. There is little information available about how the aging process, age-related diseases, and the existence of a lifelong disability impact on the life and functional ability of persons with cerebral palsy. A national colloquium addressing these issues brought together health care practitioners, researchers, service providers, and persons with cerebral palsy. Recommendations were made to make health care and health care resources more available and accessible, to develop best practice guidelines, to determine effective strategies for prevention of secondary conditions, and to make information available to persons with cerebral palsy as well as to health care and service providers.


The deviations with respect to the Standard Model (SM) that are currently observed in $b \to s \ell\ell$ transitions (the so-called flavour anomalies) can be interpreted in terms of different New Physics (NP) scenarios within a model-independent effective approach. We reconsider the determination of NP in global fits from a different perspective by removing one implicit hypothesis of current analyses, namely that NP is only Lepton-Flavour Universality Violating (LFUV). We examine the roles played by LFUV NP and Lepton-Flavour Universal (LFU) NP altogether, providing new directions to identify the possible theory beyond the SM responsible for the anomalies observed. New patterns of NP emerge due to the possibility of allowing at the same time large LFUV and LFU NP contributions to $C_{10\mu}$, which provides a different mechanism to obey the constraint from the $B_s \to\mu^+\mu^-$ branching ratio. In this landscape of NP, we discuss how to discriminate among these scenarios in the short term thanks to current and forthcoming observables. While the update of $R_K$ will be a major milestone to confirm the NP origin of the flavour anomalies, additional observables, in particular the LFUV angular observable $Q_5$, turn out to be central to assess the precise NP scenario responsible for the observed anomalies.


The quality of fresh vegetables will decrease rapidly once they are being delivered. Thus, it directly linked with customer satisfactions. In this case, the distribution method is used traditional delivery plan. It used driver intuitions to choose the distributions route. Following this method, the optimize travel distance and effective time delivery are difficult to reached. However, this traditional delivery plan must be changed win the global competition. One of method what is fit to solves this problem is vehicle routing problem (VRP). VRP is a method that focuses on minimizing the transportation cost of finished goods. Moreover, it also aims to design best coordination in delivery planning. Hereby, VRP using an artificial intelligent algorithm based on Large Neighbourhood Search (LNS) with Time Windows (VRPTW) has implemented to solve the problem. This real case has been satisfactory. The optimizing route construction was capable of increasing the solution quality of the route. The optimization had reach was 1.37%. Total distance decreased from 596.65 KM became 588.45 KM or shorter 8.2 KM from previous.


Objective To estimate understanding situation and effective factors of DM patients'health knowledge in the city of Jining. Methods 330 cases of DM patients were inquired about the healthy knowledge of diabetes and the results were estimated by descriptive analysis,the χ2 test and multi-Logistic regression analysis. Results The main sources of getting diabetic knowledge for the patients were T V and radio(31.8%),doctors and nurses(93.6%),book/newspape(r27.0%),relative/friend(8.48%),others routes(9.1%). In the results of Logistic analysis,the highly educated patients and the patients in the city have better master of health knowledge. Conclusion The grasps of health knowledge of diabetes was not well. Different groups of diabetic patients grasp knowledge of diabetes mellitus with different degrees. To improve the level of understanding of DM health knowledge,our education should focus the low education patients and rural patients.


: The Sangiran area World Heritage is a famous archaeological site worldwide. Sangiran site has important significance for the development of Indonesia's history and culture from the earliest times. However, Sangiran site has not been used optimally for historical learning activities, research, and tourism. The advantages of Sangiran have not contributed significantly to the welfare of the people living around. Consequently, illegally fossil taking and trading are common in Sangiran. This study examines the revitalization efforts of Sangiran site through the tourism development based on local people. By using participant observation and in-depth interview as well as focus group discussion (FGD), this research found several things: first, Sangiran area has a uniqueness that can be developed into the attraction of special interest tourism. Second, the development of ancient tour in Sangiran is still fully managed by the local government, so it has not involved many local people yet. This is related to the status of Sangiran as a protected area so that the people cannot freely develop the tourism. Nevertheless, the people continue to be enhanced their role gradually in revitalizing Sangiran site through the tourism activities.


Field equations are studied for generalized Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble (EC) theories in which the connection is not necessarily compatible with the metric and the Lagrangian is not necessarily the curvature scalar. The condition that the Euler-Lagrange equations for a general Lagrangian density L (g,partialg,partialpartialg,GAMMA,partialGAMMA) involve no third- or higher-order derivatives of the metric requires that the gravitational field equations be equivalent to those of general relativity with modified sources. The divergence of the symmetric ''energy-momentum'' tensor deltaL/sub matter// deltag(/sub i//sub j//sub /evaluated with delta (GAMMA/sub l/ /sub m/sub -italic/ - )/sub l//sub m//sub n/)) = 0 for a generalized EC theory does not vanish in the presence of spin. The general form of the spin field equation linear in the defect lambda/sub i/ /sub j/sub -italic/ equivalent GAMMA/sub i/ /sub j/sub -italic/ - )/sub i//sub j//sub k/) is derived (AIP)


This paper concerns the ways in which marriage patterns and command of capital resources, agricultural implements in particular, have been linked in Mazabuka, southern Zambia, where the polygynous nuclear family has emerged as a manifestation of successful commercial farming. 1 The aim is essentially historical: to retrieve something of the situation of family and production in the early years of the twentieth century; to follow the rise of paternal power as it won out in a struggle for accumulation, at the expense of matrilineal claims; and to see how this power has been strengthened by the unwaged labour of wives. It is both a reconnaissance and a call for more research. Amidst the wealth of writings that chart the rise and exploits of the Tonga maize growers, those by Elizabeth Colson and Patrick Mbulo are exceptional in revealing the relations of production and control of wealth within the family.2 There are other strengths in the literature, particularly the dissertations of Vickery and Dixon-Fyle which are based on extensive archival research,3 and the technical writings by agriculturalists and allied social scientists.4 These works leave us in no doubt about the outline of African commercial farming in Mazabuka, which commenced just


This presentation is devoted to explain the important aspects of the Mathematical Fluctuations Theory. Although its name started to be used basically by us quite recently it is not a completely independent issue from the other existing ones. It uses many well known concepts of linear algebra, especially Hilbert spaces and matrix representations. This paper bears the characteristics of a review article together with the recent developments in the concrete applications and abstract ideas related to this theory. Main emphasis focuses on the definition and meaning of the fluctuation concept which is related to somehow truncation errors. Although all of them are originated from the same idea, the fluctuations in functions, in operators, and in matrix representations are tried to be distinguished from each others. To this end certain simple illustrations are given to easily explain the authors' ideas about these concepts and their utilization in some applications.


The complexity of land use and land cover (LULC) change models is often attributed to spatial heterogeneity of the phenomena they try to emulate. The associated outcome uncertainty stems from a combination of model unknowns. Contrarily to the widely shared consensus on the importance of evaluating outcome uncertainty, little attention has been given to the role a well-structured spatially explicit sensitivity analysis (SSA) of LULC models can play in corroborating model results. In this article, I propose a methodology for SSA that employs sensitivity indices (SIs), which decompose outcome uncertainty and allocate it to various combinations of inputs. Using an agent-based model of residential development, I explore the utility of the methodology in explaining the uncertainty of simulated land use change. Model sensitivity is analyzed using two approaches. The first is spatially inexplicit in that it applies SI to scalar outputs, where outcome land use maps are lumped into spatial statistics. The second approach, which is spatially explicit, employs the maps directly in SI calculations. It generates sensitivity maps that allow for identifying regions of factor influence, that is, areas where a particular input contributes most to the clusters of residential development uncertainty. I demonstrate that these two approaches are complementary, but at the same time can lead to different decisions regarding input factor prioritization.


The geographic distribution, community distribution, taxonomy, and growth form of the flora listed as threatened under Schedules 1 and 2 of the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 were examined. The North Coast and Central Coast Botanical Divisions have the highest number of threatened plant species, with both these divisions having significantly more threatened plant species than expected. A large disparity between the east and the west of the state was found, with the eastern divisions generally containing larger numbers and higher proportions of threatened plant species than the western divisions. Rainforest, sclerophyll forest and sclerophyll woodland communities were all found to contain large numbers of threatened plant species, with woodland containing more threatened plant species than expected. Some large families and genera contain significantly more threatened plant species than expected (e.g. Myrtaceae, Proteaceae, Grevillea and Zieria), while others contain significantly fewer (e.g. Asteraceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae). The analysis of habit showed that fewer than expected threatened plant species were herbs. Possible explanations for the apparent distribution of threatened flora are discussed.


Jeju Special Self-governing Province continues to try to attract tourists on the basis of an active investment in the tourist industry. But most of the researches and studies on Jeju Tourism were made on a viewpoint of hardware. Therefore, the researches and studies which are related to `the inclination of tourists who visit Jeju Island`, `the tourist satisfaction by a selection of tourist destination` and `tourists` activities after the visit to Jeju Island` are insufficient. Accordingly, this study will support a basic datum needed for formulating a policy of Jeju tourism by closely examining the related influences among the Jeju tourists` inclination, their satisfaction and their activities after a tour of Jeju.


An azo compound based on salicylaldehyde displays a red color upon binding to the cyanide anion with micromolar sensitivity. The high affinity is caused by an intramolecular hydrogen bond of phenol hydrogen to carbonyl oxygen, which stabilizes the anionic character of the intermediate during the nucleophilic attack of a cyanide anion.