The first family courses at American colleges tended to be of the "dating and mating" variety, premarital and family education. As scientific sociology emerged from its American origins in social work, re ligion, reform, and marriage counseling, the family courses given by sociology departments often became highly theoretical. The family was analyzed within a cross cultural, institutional, structural-functional, or other framework. In many colleges and universities today, the family courses are an advanced elective in sociology and important training for sociology majors and those preparing for professions, such as teaching and health careers where the sociological perspective may help. Sociology professors, smarting under the reputation of sociology as easy courses and non-science, tend to assign rigorous reading in the literature of the family. The courses are certainly valuable for students able to absorb this rigor. However, it often happens that courses enroll many students who are in programs not remotely connected with social science or, for that mat ter, much intellectual content. Some of these students complain that the courses are beyond their understand ing and irrelevant to their lives. Many non-academic types fill our colleges as degrees became necessary for social and occupational success. Great numbers of stu dents take the family course expecting help in their fu ture families or in resolving issues with their families of orientation. This is intensified by the current crises in family life and generational conflict plus the tendency to look to experts. The sociologist's challenge is to offer a course with a solid sociological approach but within the interests and abilities of the students. The task also is for sociologists who (despite student confusion)are, after all, not psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, or so cial workers, to avoid being pushed by students or their own omnipotent fantasies into dispensing guidelines and advice. This can sometimes be dangerous since students have a tendency to disregard much of what professors say yet selectively seize on something as revealed truth that a professor had not so intended. Perhaps one way out of this dilemma is to enlarge the understanding of students about families by letting them observe the variety of family life styles, problems, and ways of relating to other institutions. Some students will then move beyond personal concerns and ethnocen trism and read in order to answer the questions raised by their own research. This way seemed to work in one of my classes at Northeastern University where of the 35 enrolled (soph omores through seniors) only a third were social science majors, seven were nurses, and the rest were in business, engineering, various para-medical programs and assorted other majors. In response to a questionnaire asking what they wished from the course, practically all non social science majors said, in one way or another, an un derstanding of the family that would help in their own lives or in helping others. The social science majors gen erally said this plus that they wanted increased knowl edge of sociology or psychology. In an open class dis cussion as to students' expectations in the course, non social science majors voiced concerns about competing with the majors for grades, while the majors complained that the course would be "watered down" because of the majority of non-majors. Asked if they wanted to write papers or take examinations, practically all non majors and lower classmen expressed feelings of in adequacy regarding papers. Yet all students agreed that it would be worthwhile to do some research of their own.


The American Medical Association (AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) sponsor andadministertheNationalGraduateMedicalEducation (GME)CensusthroughGMETrack,anInternet-basedAAMCproduct, and together maintain a database of information on training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and of the residents and fellows in them.FromMayuntilDecember2014,alldirectorsoftrainingprograms accredited by the ACGME were asked to complete the program survey component of the census on GME Track. Information on the educational characteristics of the training programs is added to FREIDA Online, an Internet-based public information source on GME programs. Beginning in late July 2014, program directors were surveyed about their active, transferred, and graduated residents and fellows for academic year 2014-2015. Program directors were provided with lists of residents and fellows from the current database and were asked to confirm or modify the training status of trainees who were present in their programs the prior year; add new physicians to their program who were not already in our database; and confirm, edit, or add demographic information on all trainees. This demographic information includes sex, birthdate, country of birth, citizenship status, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Race and Hispanic ethnicity for residents and fellows who had provided such information through various AAMC applications (eg, the Electronic Residency Application Service) was carried forward from those applications and included in the census. AAMC race data collection allows for more than 1 selection; therefore the following Tables have a new category: multiracial. We surveyed 9768 active programs, of which 9263 (94.8%) completed the program survey and 8514 (87.2%) confirmed the status of all of their active physicians in training, accounting for 112 942 (95.4%) of active trainees. An additional 72 programs (0.7%) confirmed some but not all of their trainees (1772 trainees, 1.5%), 245 confirmed that they did not have any trainees (2.5%), 397 programs (4.1%) confirmed the status of nonactive trainees (graduates and transfers), but did not have any currently active trainees, and 540 programs (5.5%) did not confirm the status of any physician training in the program (including 283 programs that apparently did not have any active trainees). A total of 94.8% of all physicians in our database had their status confirmed (eg, active, graduated, transferred, withdrawn). Physicians whose status was not confirmed were "advanced" into the next year of training (n = 3652 [3.1% of active residents]) or "graduated" based on expected graduation date (n = 1627 [4.0% of graduated residents and fellows]). In total, we estimate that there were 118 366 active residents in ACGME-accredited programs during the 2014-2015 academic year. The following Tables contain data from these surveys.


The inverse problem of variational calculus is solved for the coupled Korteweg–de Vries equations resulting from a complex Lax pair. The system is found to be characterized by a second-order degenerate Lagrangian density having some common feature with the well-known Morse–Feshbach Lagrangian. The Hamiltonian structure is examined using Dirac's theory of constraints. PACS Nos.: 47.20.Ky, 42.81.Dp


ABSTRACT This study examines study abroad as a context for plurilingual identity development in response to the critique of identity research in applied linguistics, which points to a bias that emphasises user agency and disregards the impact of structural elements. It is based on the analysis of the contextual constraints and affordances for developing plurilingual identity that SA students refer to in their narratives. The analysis shows that structure can be as important a component as agency and that students' representations of the SA context are linked to their pre-SA plurilingual experience and the portrayal of their plurilingual identity.


The growth of the freshwater shrimp (M. nipponensis) was studied by the month age. Samples were collected from Wuhu Lake from September 1998 to September 1999. From July to January, its growth is isometric growth, but from February to June, it is allometric growth. The relationship between body weight and body length is fitted to power function. In the period from July to January, the value of b is near to 3, but it is obviously smaller than 3 in the period from February to June. The formulas are respectively: 1-7 month age old: W♂=0.0148L3. 2419 (r=0.9978, n=390) W♀=0.0206L3. 0117 (r=0.9968, n=372) 8-12 month age old: W♂=0.0857L2. 1788(r=0.9854, n=188) W♀=0.145L1. 8165 (r=0.9974, n=278). We tried to use Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations to fit the growth law of the shrimp. In each stage, the respective equations of growth of the body length and body weight of M. nipponensis are: 1-7 month age old:♂: Lt=5.374[1-e-0. 4727(t+0.6009)](r=0.9835,n=390) Wt=3.4429[1-e-0. 4727(t+0. 6009)]3. 2419 (r=0.9835, n=390) ♀:Lt=5.86/(1+e0. 3738-0. 3806t)(r=0.9804,n=372) Wt=5.30/(1+e2. 5143-0. 4355t)(r=0.9705, n=372) 8-12monthly old:♂:Lt=7.24/(1+e0. 1372-0. 1126t)(r=0.9822,n=188) Wt=9.50/(1+e1. 6885-0. 1012t)(r=0.9901,n=188) ♀:Lt=6.65/(1+e0. 2620-0. 1375t)(r=0.9910,n=278) Wt=6.40/(1+e1. 3621-0. 1045t) (r=0.9837, n=278).


Abstract : Soft recovery of a particular artillery shell is discussed which limited g-loading to less than 5 percent of gun firing loads. In this method, the shell is caught with a rocket sled target moving in the same direction and at about the speed of the projectile. The test program resulted in excess of 100 successful H. E. shell recoveries. (Author)


During the 1980s, the medical community embraced titanium as the material of choice for implantable devices destined to be attached to bone. Numerous studies presented titanium's osseointegration characteristics and further research documented the positive impact of textured, functional surfaces on osseointegration. Compared to smooth "as-machined" surfaces, texturing not only improves bone integration and thus implant stability; it also allows for the growth of supportive tissue and may even provide antibacterial advantages. Today, the gold standard for titanium implants features a textured surface on all areas where integration with bone needs to take place. These functional textured surfaces are found on diverse devices such as bone plates, hip joints, and cervical and dental implants. (Fig. 1)


The situation of low temperature crude oil pipeline carrying is universal. The rapid developing of pipe line supposes higher asking on new carrying technology. The problem of long distance carrying at normal temperature of high waxy crude oil is impel to resolve and its potential social economic profit is obvious. As the pipeline is designed at high production period of field so there must have low carrying situation at beginning and ending time. At the situation the high waxy crude oil and high pour point crude oil will face on great resistance and blockage problem. Further more the pipeline has to make great energy expense on high temperature carrying. So take new carrying technology to realize atmosphere temperature carrying is crucial of resolving low temperature carrying. The method of adding chemical pour point depressant(PPD)/flow improver additives (FIA) into crude oil directly was widely used at present. The progress of the additives and its study methods was summarized in the paper and supply some reference for the technology of PPD/FIA.


A number of studies have investigated the relationship between CCR5 -59029A/G polymorphism and risk of HIV-1 infection; however, the results have been inconclusive. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang, were comprehensively searched to identify related studies. Finally, 13 studies with 5915 subjects were considered qualified for meta-analysis. The association of single nucleotide polymorphism with HIV-1 susceptibility was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Factoring in healthy controls, results indicate no association between CCR5 -59029A/G polymorphism and HIV-1 infection. Further analysis stratified by ethnicity indicates a significant association among Caucasians under an allelic model (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-1.49, Phet = 0.532) and a dominant model (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.15-1.98, Phet = 0.708). The use of HIV-1-exposed seronegative controls revealed a significant association in a recessive model (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.07-1.78, Phet = 0.954). Our findings indicate that the -59029G allele might be a risk factor for HIV-1 infection among Caucasians. Further studies with a large sample size and precise routes of infection should be conducted to verify this association.


Objective To investigate the effect of cerebrospinal fluid containing Zhenganxifeng decoction(CSF-ZGXF) on c-Jun phosphorylation in PC12 cell induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP+).Methods CSF-ZGXF were administrated 30 min before addition of MPP+ into PC12 cell cutrure.Protein expression of c-Jun and phospho-c-jun was detected by western blotting.Results The protein expression of phospho-c-jun was up-regulate in MPP+ groups compared with the control group.That were downregulated in CSF-ZGXF group compared with the MPP+ group.Conclusion The results suggest that CSF-ZGXF suppress c-Jun phosphorylation in PC12 cell induced by MPP+.


The growth control of microflora in cultural and built heritage is usually performed by treatments using chemicals that have high toxicity. Thus it is crucial to develop strategies to discover new bioactive molecules and establish effective approaches against the effectively biodeteriogenic agents, which are responsible for degradation of cultural and built heritage, without detriment to the environment. Bacillus sp. produce a high number of secondary metabolites, some with antibiotic properties which can be used against biodeteriogenic filamentous fungi, source of serious damage in historic materials. These antagonistic proprieties are due to the production of bioactive lipopeptides which exhibit antifungal activity in the stationary phase of bacteria growth, being associated to secondary metabolism. A combined methodology using antifungal tests, chromatographic techniques, FTIR-ATR, microscopic approaches and simulations assays allowed the detection of antifungal potential and a rapid identification of these ground-breaking bioactive compounds without the need of previous total isolation. This novel green biocides show a great potential for future application in cultural and built heritage rehabilitation being an effective alternative to the chemical compounds usually applied.


1. Gumber MR, Kute VB, Goplani KR, Shah PR, Patel HV, Vanikar AV, et al. Deceased donor organ transplantation: A single center experience. Indian J Nephrol 2011;21:182-5. 2. Port FK, Merion RM, Goodrich NP, Wolfe RA. Recent trends and results for organ donation and transplantation in the United States, 2005. Am J Transplant 2006;6:1095-100. 3. Mahdavi-Zafarghandi R, Zeraati AA, Nazemian F, Shakibi MH, Shakeri MT, Mahdavi Zafarghandi M. Patient and graft outcome in related, unrelated and deceased renal transplant recipients: single center experience. Nephro-UrolMon 2010;2:514-9. 4. Vacher-Coponat H, Purgus R, Indreies M, Moal V, Luciani H, Lechevallier E, et al. Cold ischemia time in renal transplantation is reduced by a timesheet in a French transplant center. Transplantation 2007;83:561-5. 5. Einollahi B. Iranian experience with the non-related renal transplantation. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2004;15:421-8. 6. Einollahi B. Cadaveric kidney transplantation in Iran: behind the Middle Eastern countries? Iran J Kidney Dis 2008;2:55-6. 7. Einollahi B. Is the annual number of deceased donor kidney transplantations in Iran lower than the Middle Eastern countries? Transplant Proc 2009;41:2718-9.


Purpose: There is increasing recognition that variants within an actionable gene may differ in their functional impact and therapeutic implications. The Precision Oncology Decision Support (PODS) team at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA) curates a knowledgebase of cancer-associated genomic alterations for their functional impact and therapeutic actionability. However, a substantial number of variants are not characterized within the published literature. In the MDA-PODS classification scheme, these variants are classified as "potentially" actionable, as opposed to "unknown", if evidence exists that other variants within the same region are oncogenic. To determine the value of this tiered actionability approach, we assessed if a variant with a "potentially" assertion is more likely to have an experimentally validated oncogenic effect within a functional genomics platform (Ng et al., Cancer Cell, 2018). Procedures: Alterations researched within the published literature and found to be of unknown significance were submitted to the functional genomics platform. These variants were tested within two cell line models (Ba/F3 and MCF10A) to assess growth factor-independent survival. Results were returned to PODS indicating whether the variant conferred a change in cell viability compared with the wildtype gene. PODS then compared the functional effect of the variant with the predetermined actionability assertion. Results: During 2015-2019, PODS received functional genomics results for 485 alterations spanning 38 genes. 115 (24%) of the alterations increased survival and were thus actionable, while 364 (75%) had no effect or suppressed cell viability. Six alterations had conflicting effects in the two cell line models and were not further considered. Of the 479 variants (in 38 genes), 208 variants (43%) in 20 genes were classified as "potentially" actionable prior to functional genomics, while 254 variants (53%) in 35 genes were classified as "unknown". 17 (4%) were classified as Yes/No for actionability based on other criteria, such as drug response. 78 (38%) of the 208 "potentially" actionable variants were found to be oncogenic in the functional genomics platform as opposed to only 29 (11%) of the 254 variants classified as "unknown" for actionability (p Conclusions: These data display the value of providing a tiered, variant-level actionability scheme that includes a "potentially" actionable assertion, as it is associated with a greater likelihood of being functionally validated. Although genomically-matched therapy is most compelling for patients with known actionable variants and functional testing adds value, tiered actionability predictions can inform therapeutic decisions. Citation Format: Amber Johnson, Patrick Kwok-Shing Ng, Michael Kahle, Julia Castillo, Bianca Amador, Vijaykumar Holla, Thuy Vu, Le Huang, Fei Su, Sunhee Kim, Jia Zeng, Md Abu Shufean, Tara Conway, Kenna R. Shaw, Timothy A. Yap, Jordi Rodon, Funda Meric-Bernstam. Patient-specific, tiered, variant-level actionability correlates with functional effect in growth survival assay [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 392.


OVERVIEW: Data from the IRI/CIMS Annual R&D Survey for fiscal year 1998 confirms continuation of the recent upward trend in both the New Sales Ratio and R&D intensity that was first reported last year. The increase in the New Sales Ratio and the increase in R&D intensity the last three years (1996–1998) reverses an earlier downward trend in these two metrics during the previous three years (1993–1995). These trends are only evident if one examines time-series data from a common set of companies. Although more than 75 IRI companies have provided R&D expenditure and sales revenue data in any given year, the trends noted above are based on only the 23 IRI firms that reported data for each of the last six years. This is a small sample. To examine the validity of these trends, R&D intensity values were computed over six years for a much larger set of IRI companies (136) from Standard and Poor's Compustat database. The results of this analysis served to confirm the R&D intensity trend noted above. One of the important aspects of the IRI/CIMS Annual R&D Survey is the ability to link the survey results with those of other complementary databases.


Characteristic value method was applied to PIV systems for improving PIV accuracy in this paper. Characteristic pattern of the PIV images is extracted and is used as image cognition. As a new method, it is proposed to calculate the velocity vectors from the correlation of characteristic pattern of PIV images. It is found that characteristic value method is effective in PIV system.


With the rapid development of economy,urbanization and population increasing,the frequency of city fire and the economy loss were increasing.According to the characteristics of city fire,a prediction model of the city fire accidents by applying basic principles and features of grey system theory was established.In order to predict city fire accidents more accurately,the city fire accidents were classified into the peak(during spring festival)and the non-peak period.In the end,using above method,fire occurrence of the south city of china was analyzed according to different period of time.The result indicated that it was more accurate.


In April 2020, a survey was conducted among Slovenian military families, being one of the first surveys to be carried out in the country after the outbreak of the pandemic. The military was labeled a crucial institution in the efforts to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was appointed to various activities, leading to a considerable increase in its workload. The burden of care and unpaid work at that time also intensified, becoming shifted onto the military family, particularly civilian female spouses. The survey's purpose was to measure how military families evaluated their success in balancing between working from home, household work, childcare, and home schooling during the pandemic lockdown. The risk factors were observed on the micro (i.e., lack of extended family support, institutional childcare, and school lockdown) and macro (i.e., military support, national support measures) social levels. The analysis reveals that when it comes to military families the greatest price has been paid by female civilian spouses. The number of children and their age influence parents' self-evaluation of their success with work–life balance. The results show that big families and families with primary school children have been struggling the most during the lockdown. Surprisingly, dual-serving families felt the most successful.


Ballistic experiments are fundamental for body armor new products and help to identify key factors influencing the damage processes of sophisticated materials these armors are made of. Tests made on packs made of LFT SB1 according to Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor NIJ Standard-0101.06-2008 gave good results for the packs made of 24 layers of this fabric and the backface signature (BFS - the depth of the deformation generated in the support material - ballistic clay) was measured. The average value of 23.11 mm recommends this system for protection level of II and IIA, according to the above-mentioned standard. Macro photography investigations pointed out the penetration process in both slim pack (with total penetration) and thick packs (with partial penetration).


Sweetgum wood has been hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid (20 and 30%) at moderate temperatures (30, 40, and 50/sup 0/C). Liberation of xylose was followed by gas chromatography after conversion to the alditol acetate. Condensation of lignin was estimated by nitrobenzene oxidation to benzaldehyde derivatives. Quantitative removal of xylan in 70 min at 40/sup 0/C with 30% hydrochloric acid occurs by two successive first-order reactions. Under these conditions, the lignin undergoes about 30% loss in aldehyde yield on oxidation. 24 references, 3 figures, 3 tables.


On the basis of the closed integrals of the initial and boundary problems for incoherent thermoelastisity of shallow shells the quantitative analysis of influence of the geometrical parameters on the oscillations of constant rotation and cylindrical shells, which are conditioned by the thermal shock to outbound surface of shallow shell are carried out.


A major obstacle that accompanies training program accreditation is implementing an evaluation system that will show that training programs can adjust to the dynamic conditions that characterize plant operation - personnel changes, plant modifications, and especially the changing levels of employee ability brought on by training itself. Carolina Power and Light Co. (CP and L) has substantially overcome this obstacle through its follow-up evaluation program. Characteristics of the follow-up evaluation program include: (1) fulfills the requirements of accreditation, NUREG 1220, and the systematic approach to training as defined in NUREG 3750; (2) requires a minimum of time from employees and supervisors to provide information about training program effectiveness (typically < 1/2 h/yr); (3) fits into the loop of training program analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation; and (4) utilizes information from several sources: follow-up of trainees after they complete training, follow-up of supervision, end-of-course evaluations, and input from management in the form of advisory committees.


In this paper,the conception of net underpricing is put forward.Using the method of the uniform-price share auctions and supposing the institutional investors being homogeneous,risk-neutral with the goal of the maximal expected-utility value,we study the optimal auction strategies of the institutional investors for their request quantity being certain ex ante and deduce the equilibrium expressions of IPO price and its net underpricing.Then we obtain the results that the linear equilibrium auction strategy strictly dominates nonlinear equilibrium auction strategy,and that the hidden demand of the institutional investors and IPO net underpricing are positively related,and that the net underpricing exists.


Hypertension. 2018;71:1269–1324. 16. Streit S, Poortvliet RKE, Gussekloo J. Lower blood pressure during antihypertensive treatment is associated with higher all-cause mortality and accelerated cognitive decline in the oldest-old-data from the Leiden 85-plus Study. Age and Ageing. 2018;47:545–550. 17. van Dalen JW, Moll van Charante EP, Richard E, et al. Antihypertensive drugs, incident dementia, and the competing risk of death. J AmMed Dir Assoc. 2018;19:1026–1027. 18. Mosello E, Pieracciolo M, Nesti N, et al. Effects of low blood pressure in cognitively impaired elderly patients treated with antihypertensive drugs. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:578–585.


At present,Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system(NIDS) attracting most attentions.Packet detection and sniffing is the most basic and important parts in the system.In this paper we present architecture of Snort system and its detection principle and mode,analyze implement methods of packet interception and packet analysis.We point out flaws in Snort and present improvement proposals as well.


This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author JLC conceived and designed the study, performed the structural analysis, wrote the protocol, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed literature searches. Authors PCO, DCU and JES managed the analyses of the study, fabrication and literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT This work covers the design analysis and at varying stresses of 1 kg, 2 kg and 3 kg for duration of two hours. The results show that at constant temperature and at varying load, the extension and the creep rate increases with time as the load increases. These Creep curves show excellent agreement with experimentally determined data using stress relaxation.


Methodology for preparation of heptakis(2,6-di-O-alkyl)-β-cyclodextrins, heptakis(2-O-alkyl)-β- cyclodextrins, and heptakis(6-O-alkyl)-β-cyclodextrins in substantially purified form has been developed. Treatment of β-cyclodextrin (1) with sodium or barium hydroxide and various alkyl halides in dimethyl sulfoxide or a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and N,N-dimethylformamide provided the corresponding heptakis(2,6-di-O-alkyl)-β-cyclodextrins. Treatment of heptakis(6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-cyclodextrin (5) with sodium hydroxide and several haloalkanes in dimethyl sulfoxide followed by desilylation provided heptakis(2-O-alkyl)-β-cyclodextrins. Protection of the secondary hydroxy groups of the t-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin (5) as benzyl ethers, followed by desilylation, alkylation, and debenzylation afforded several heptakis(6-O-alkyl)-β-cyclodextrins. Analytical methodology has been developed to characterize all of these compounds, with the homogeneity of the pattern of substitution verified by h.p.l.c. analysis, f.a.b.–mass spectrometry and n.m.r. spectroscopy.


The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the results of various stages of research into the development of generative design methods and tools, conducted at the Architectural Association School of Architecture (London), Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (London), and independently. A brief introduction explains the philosophy behind generative design methods and their basic principles. A number of computer software tools and projects developed by the author are then used to illustrate the methodology, techniques and features of generative design and its organisation of information.


Considering the change conditions of shear areas in shear test,the shear stress equation has been established.According to the in-door shear test data and shear stress equation,the change law of shear strength was given on the base of comparing the two (cases--)the shear areas of the soils sample is either changed or unchanged.In the end,coefficient of shear strength was defined and its change law was given.The study has proved that the accuracy of shear strength was improved by the application of coefficient of shear strength.


Ben Carrington and Ian McDonald's anthology Marxism, Cultural Studies and Sport – the eighth volume in Routledge's admirable Critical Studies in Sport series – successfully addresses all three of the aims outlined in the series editors' preface. The introduction, which provides 'a brief historical overview of the development of Marxist approaches within Sport Studies and the subsequent growth of a Marxist inflected Cultural Studies of Sport' (p. 1), along with Part One, which comprises a chapter each by Carrington and McDonald arguing for the relative merits of orthodox (but not reductive, economist) Marxist and Cultural Studies approaches, in the words of the editors, 'attempt to sketch the broad parameters of the debates (the thesis and the antithesis, we might suggest) between and within Marxist and Cultural Studies approaches to sport, which the following chapters then, and in true dialectical fashion, work through' (p. 7). Even on their own, they are enough to satisfy the first aim: 'to introduce students to the richness and relevance of Marxist and Marxist-inflected Cultural Studies approaches to studying contemporary sporting cultures' (p. xii). The subsequent chapters– divided into three further sections: Part Two (Political Economy, Commodification and Sport), Part Three (The Sporting Poetics of Class, Race andGender) and Part Four (Key Concepts, Critical Theorists) – successfully address another aim: to 'advance discussionsoncriticalsocial theorywithinSportStudiesand toattempt to insert sportasanobject of study intomainstreamdebateswithinMarxist scholarship andCultural Studies' (p. xii). Each chapter iswritten by an established academic (some fromwithinSport Studies, some fromother disciplines) and provides authoritative analysis alongside a wealth of footnotes. These include Anouk Bélanger's examination of 'The Urban Sport Spectacle' and the importance of largescale sporting events to the political economies of nation-states in a chapter that is extremely timely in light of the London2012Olympics andEngland's unsuccessful bid for the 2018FIFA WorldCup;GarryWhannel'scriticalanalysisof thedevelopmentofCulturalStudiesalongsidea consideration of 'Media Sport'; and Rob Beamish's reading of Coubertin's Olympic project through the concept of 'alienation'. The final aim – to provide 'a provocation to radical and critical scholars in Sport Studies to connect their research and analysis to the transformative potential of sport', to address 'the problematic of intervention' and to 'question . . . what it actually means to be engaged in radical theory and social research' (p. xii) – is also met, albeit with some reservations. Carrington and McDonald make clear in their introductory chapter that the volume as a whole exhibits 'no "party line" as to how Marxism is understood and its relationship to Cultural Studies approaches to the study of sport', and suggest that the 'collection's strength lies precisely in the polyvocality of differing authors, from distinct disciplinary backgrounds, addressing the core themes of the book in their own disciplinary-specific yet rigorous way' (p. 7). This evaluation is a fair one: over the course of the book, theories are International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics Vol. 3, No. 2, July 2011, 301–304


This paper establishes the modeling of humidity control system of refrigerator combing with mechanism analysis and experimental test,simulates and analyses the control performance using Simulink in Matlab.Simulation results show that a better control performance can be realized by periodic input.


Background : Physical training should represent the primary therapeutic approach to prevent cardiovascular disease, overall in the subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of spinning exercise on cardio-vascular weal. Despite this it has been emphasized that spinning puts strain on the cardiovascular system, questioning whether it can be recommended in the elderly. AIM: to assess whether a 6 months spinning training, combined with proper diet, is more effective than standard training programs and diet alone in improving metabolic abnormalities in elderly patients with MetS. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation Unit of the Department of Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome POPULATION: elderly patients with MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) diagnostic criteria M ETHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with diet (group A, n=10), with diet and general gymnastics program (group B, n=10), with diet and spinning physical training program (group C, n= 10). The effects of interventions were assessed by differences in changes in components of  MetS and associated biomarkers between the three groups. RESULTS: Thirty patient were recruited at this study and all completed the 6 months protocol. During the study period we observed a significant reduction in  blood pressure (group C: systolic blood pressure p=0.03; diastolic blood pressure p=0.04 / group B: systolic blood pressure p=0.001), in lipid profile (group B: plasma total cholesterol p<0.0001; triglycerides p<0.0001 / group C: plasma total cholesterol p=0.04); in fasting blood glucose (group B: p=0.01; group C: p=0.008); in Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA) (group B: p=0.01; group C: p=0.001); in waist circumference (group C: p=0.005; group A: p=0.022; group B: p=0.037). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the effectiveness of spinning physical training combined with diet in the management of MetS. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The findings provide a preliminary evidence to support that spinning training may represent a useful and safe intervention in geriatric patients with multiple CV risk factors. The working group and the presence of an instructor may lead to increase the adherence to physical exercise.


ABSTRACT Two years ago I implemented a basic outline of each class for my students to take notes on for Calculus II at the United States Military Academy. The outline provided students with a shell of the class material for each day of class. Their job was to fill in the shell as we went through the material. The outlines provided students an easy method to organize their own notes exactly how I organized the class. Space was provided to fill in pertinent definitions, label figures, or drawings that I provided, and to work step-by-step examples that I planned to go over in the class. The reason behind this approach was to help the student follow the flow of the class without having to think about what they should write down and what they should not write down. The things I wanted them to write down were on the outlines. Essentially the outlines represented the minimum material each student needed to take away from each class. Further, I chose difficult problems to include in the outline that were not in the text for students to work on their own. After executing this style of teaching for three semesters the following paper discusses my experience implementing this technique.


This paper describes, how a finite element model is applied to the deformation calculation to investigate an entire machine tool. This illustrates, how other components such as bearings, can be modeled in the form of a linear replacement model. These tests were applied to an experimental machine used for newly developed metal forming technology.


A statistically significant relationship is found between the seasonal volume October–March of the Diamante River (central Andes mountains of Argentina) and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Niño3 region of the Pacific Ocean (5°S‐5°N, 9O°W‐150°W), during the previous March–April and simultaneous November–December. The Niño3 SST anomalies are positively correlated with seasonal volume anomalies. A multiple linear regression model for October–March water volume predictions is developed, making use of Niño3 anomalies observed during March–April and six‐month November–December Niño3 forecast produced in May. A cross‐validation analysis of three‐category (tercile) forecasts for the period 1980–1994 reveals a 73% model skill, equal to that of the snowpack thickness model in use. The results of this study are of practical application to hydrologic forecast for water resources management and hydroelectricity generation. This methodology would allow the water resources administrator to have available every year in May a forecast of the water available in the system during the following melting period October–March, before the wintertime snowfalls.


The article by Sato et al.1 reported a reduction in hip fractures following stroke using oral risedronate. Fractures following stroke are recognized and intervention studies necessary,2 but there are several omissions in this article which are a barrier to assessing the validity and applicability of these results.3

There are no details regarding how the sample size was determined, particularly important in hip fracture intervention trials where the event rate is low. Secondly, without details of …


A dual mobility cup consists of a large, fixed, porous coated acetabular component and a bipolar femoral component (a "tripolar" implant). The cup was developed to reduce the incidence of dislocation in patients at risk of instability who required primary or revision total hip replacement. The currently available long term clinical results indicate that the cup provides stability and is durable in this patient population. Recent new developments of the concept include: 1) an anatomically shaped shell; 2) use of highly crosslinked polyethylene; and 3) a modular shell.


In much the same way that a mathematical model of a real or conceptual system is used to improve the design and operation of the system, mathematical models of simulation are used to improve the design and operation of simulation experiments. The participants in this discussion are advocates of various analytic representations of simulation. Contained in the paper that follows are each participant's responses to a set of questions concerning the representation of simulation they represent.


Avalanche photodiodes (APD) of beveled edge structure with large active areas (up to 200 mm/sup 2/) have been constructed and characterized for use in low-level light detection. These devices exhibit high gain (1000-2000), relatively low dark current ( approximately 200 nA), very low excess noise, and high detectivity. A resolution of 75 electrons RMS has been obtained for 5.9 keV X-rays in direct interaction with a 20 mm/sup 2/ APD. In scintillation detection resolutions of 6.05% (FWHM) with a CsI(TI) scintillator and 7.7% with NaI(Tl) were measured for the 662 keV line of /sup 137/Cs with a 200 mm/sup 2/ APD at 20 degrees C. With a BGO scintillator (bismuth germanate) a FWHM resolution of 11.2% for the 511 keV line of /sup 22/Na was obtained at 0 degrees C. The 200 mm/sup 2/ APDs exhibit rise times of 3 ns for an impulse input. These results illustrate the potential that APDs have as replacements for photomultiplier tubes and PIN diodes in scintillation detection.<<ETX>>


The Integrated System of Treatment of Liquid Waste (SITEL) is responsible for the treatment and final disposition of the waste generated by the Polo Petroquimico do Sul and it consists of eight lagoons of stabilization that are connected in series. Forty five specimens of Astyanax jacuihensis were collected at the Stabilization Tertiary lagoons 1 and 8 and thirty five in the arroio Bom Jardim in three period of samples (January and april of 1999 and October 2002). The material were embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin (H&E) and PAS (Periodic Acid of Schiff reaction). The liver present histopatologic alterations in the specimens of the lagoon 1, being the anomalies considered of light and moderate intensity. The histological analysis also showed that the hystopatologic alterations in the individuals of the lagoon 1 liver were more intense than observed in the specimens of the lagoon 8 and of the arroio Bom Jardim, evidencing in this study a certain effectiveness of the system treatment of effluent.
 Key Words: Astyanax jacuhiensis, Histology, Liver


This article explains the benefits logic of the origin of village-enterprise cooperation and the efficiency source of its continuity based on the case of Bailing village in Huidong county Guangdong province.From the perspective of the organizational structure features,the model of village-enterprise cooperation solves or mitigates the problem of supervision in large-scale,organized farming,and forms the consistent of supervision motivation and the internal efficiency.It also hastens the modern agricultural production way characterized by economy of scale and economy of scope to create a new idealized Bailing village.The case of Bailing Village shows the creativity and diversity in choices of rural organization system in the period of social transition,so it provides experience for choosing the path to achieve agricultural modernization and village transformation.


Fusion of vesicles formed from synthetic, asymmetric (i.e mixed-chain) sodium di-n-alkyl phosphates (1-6) has been studied with a resonance energy transfer assay for lipid mixing and with transmission electron microscopy. Fusion was induced by Ca2+ ions above the Lalpha --> Lbeta phase transition temperatures of the different bilayers We ha e found that two competing events take place simultaneously but independently from each other These are fusion and formation of tubules, which have been characterized as anhydrous crystals. Both processes are fast. The asymmetric di-n-alkyl phosphates with alkyl chains that differ by only two methylene groups (1 and 2)showed initial fusion rates comparable to that of vesicles formed from (symmetric) di-n-dodecyl phosphate. With an increase in the difference in chain length (3, 4, and 5), the fusion rates increase, indicating that chain asymmetry decreases bilayer stability by reducing alkyl chain packing in the bilayer. However, when the difference in chain length becomes eight methylene groups (6), fusion is effectively suppressed. The sizes of the crystals formed from 1 to 6 turned out to be rather different, but no simple relationship could be found with the extent of asymmetry of the alkyl chains.


Abstract For a division ring the polynomials can be evaluated "on the left" and "on the right" giving rise to left and right Lagrange interpolation problems. The problems containing interpolation conditions of the same type were considered in [7] where the solvability criterion was given in terms of polynomial independence of interpolation nodes. We establish the solvability criterion and describe all solutions of low degree (less than the number of interpolation conditions imposed) for the problem containing both "left" and "right" conditions.


Because there are lots of standard parts in a progressive die,it is very important to provide a convenient standard parts library for the CAD of progressive dies. In this paper,the model of standard parts library and the method of creating the library are introduced in detail.


Tubektomi contraception is actions taken by way of tied, cut our burned on both the oviduct so that women will not get offspring. According to the first research in BPM by Mrs. Istianah Ernawati, Amd.Keb Ketapang village Tanggulangin-Sidoarjo through the deployment of quotioner, obtained result from 10 respondents there are 2 (20%) respondents with high economic status, 1 (10%) respondent was very interested to use family planning tubektomi, 1 (10%) respondent was interested to use family planning tubektomi. Respondents with average economic status, 2 (20%) respondents, 1 (10%) who was very interested, 1 (10%) who was interested to use family planning Tubektomi. Respondents with under economic status, 6 (60%) respondents, 1 (10%) respondent was interested to use family planning tubektomi, 5 (50%) respondents wasn't interested to use family planning tubektomi. From research result there are still mary mothers with low economic status who were not interested to tubektomi contraception, it happened because economic status. Analitical research design by cross sectional. Population and sample in  research is all mothers who have more than 2 children and mothers age which are more than 35 years old who came to BPM Mrs. Istianah Ernawati, Amd.Keb Ketapang village Tanggulangin-Sidoarjo with the total is 32 respondents. Instrument research used check-list. Data analyzing proccess used Korelasi Spearman Test. The result of Korelasi Spearman Test be obtained rs calculating 0,516 > rs table  0,362 that H0 is refused and H1 is accepted, so there is positive contact between economic status with mothers interest to tubektomi contraception in BPM Mrs. Istianah Ernawati, Amd.Keb Ketapang village Tanggulangin-Sidoarjo in 2015. So more and more high economic status mothers more and more high interested mothers to tubektomi contraception.


Many conduit flow models now exist and some of these models are becoming extremely complicated, conducted in three dimensions and incorporating the physics of compressible three phase fluids (magmas), intricate conduit geometries and fragmentation processes, to name but a few examples. These highly specialised models are being used to explain observations of the natural system, and there is a danger that possible explanations may be getting needlessly complex. It is coherent, for instance, to propose the involvement of sub-surface dwelling magma trolls as an explanation for the change in a volcanoes eruptive style, but assuming the simplest explanation would prevent such additions, unless they were absolutely necessary.


Measurements of the various plasma configurations produced by a planar magnetized coaxial gun provide insight into the magnetic topology evolution resulting from magnetic helicity injection. Important features of the experiments are a very simple coaxial gun design so that all observed geometrical complexity is due to the intrinsic physical dynamics rather than the source shape and use of a fast multiple-frame digital camera which provides direct imaging of topologically complex shapes and dynamics. Three key experimental findings were obtained: s1d formation of an axial collimated jetfHsu and Bellan, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 334, 257 s2002dg that is consistent with a magnetohydrodynamic description of astrophysical jets, s2d identification of the kink instability when this jet satisfies the Kruskal–Shafranov limit, and s3 the nonlinear properties of the kink instability providing a conversion of toroidal to poloidal flux as required for spheromak formation by a coaxial magnetized source fHsu and Bellan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 215002 s2003dg. An interpretation is proposed for how the n=1 central column instability provides flux amplification during spheromak formation and sustainment, and it is shown that jet collimation can occur within one rotation of the background poloidal field. © 2005 American Institute of Physics . fDOI: 10.1063/1.1850921 g


Based on the recent financial data of several minority areas,for example:Wu-feng minority county , Chang - yang minority county, En - shi prefecture, and so on, the article analyzes the existing monetary control and the cause of the problems, and then brings forward the corresponding active ways in minority areas of Hubei province.


This chapter examines the contribution of the often overlooked dance sequences in The Wizard of Oz. It explores the social and cultural significance of the choreographed musical numbers and how they contribute to the film and to its immense popularity over the last seventy-five years. Close analysis is given to the jitterbug scene, which was cut from the original film. The choreography and "The Jitterbug" song are examined in detail, providing an excellent comparison point from which to explore other dance numbers, such as the Yellow Brick Road reprisal skipping sequence and the scarecrow's dance. Within this discussion, key cultural and social themes are also addressed, specifically issues of race and social-dance and performance-dance practices. Finally, the question of why dance numbers were eliminated from the final cut is raised.


Abstract In this paper, an outlook about the present of electrical aviation is given. The relatively small energy density of current battery technologies is adequate to build usable electric car, but not suitable for electric aircraft. Because of the very limited amount of energy available on-board, a couple of percent in efficiency can give significant increase in range and flight time, hence the development of more efficient propulsion system and E-motor is as important as the development of battery technologies. Current research results at the University of Dunaujvaros show, that building E-motors from amorphous materials is possible, and can easily increase the efficiency of high speed E-motors.


The importance of catalysis has been recognized a long time ago and the first industrial application stems from the early nineteenth century. The number of newly developed catalytic processes steadily increased in the twentieth century


In the present work, we have synthesized x [Co0.9Ni0.1Fe2O4]-(1-x) [0.5Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3-0.5BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3], x = 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5 multiferroic composite by hydroxide co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological analysis of the composite was carried out by using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The XRD spectra confirm the perovskite phase and spinel phase. Dielectric properties of the composite were studied using Impedance analyzer. The variation of dielectric constant and loss of tangent (Quality factor) in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz were investigated. Magnetocapacitance were measured for magnetic field up to 1 Tesla, which increases with increase in magnetic field. Dielectric constant possesses contribution due to magnetic field dependent interfacial polarization and variation due to induced stress which can be explained on the observed MD effect. Saturation magnetization of composites increases with increase in CNFO content.


Hybrid SET-CMOS circuits which combine the merits of both the SET and CMOS promises to be a practical implementation for future low power ultra-dense VLSI/VLSI circuit design. In this work, an SET-CMOS hybrid pulse divider circuit is proposed. The MIB model for SET and BSIM4 model for CMOS are used. The operation of the proposed circuit is verified in Tanner environment. The performances of CMOS and Hybrid SET-CMOS based pulse divider circuits are compared. The hybrid SET-CMOS circuit is found to consume lesser power than the CMOS based circuit. Further it is established that hybrid SET-CMOS based circuit is much faster compared to CMOS based circuit.


In a trustworthy network with the mechanism of Source Address Validation Architecture (SAVA), each packet received and forwarded has been ensured to hold an authenticated source IP address, which can prevent the attackers to forge the originating IP address to evade responsibility for their malicious packets. However, it is impossible to deploy SAVA all over the Internet in one night. In this paper, we investigate the SAVA mechanism from the point of routing for a trustworthy network with a partial deployment of SAVA nodes. We propose a new routing algorithm, called Minimum Hop to First SAVA node (MHFS). Extensive simulations show that MHFS can not only guarantee that each route for packets includes at least one SAVA node, but also achieve a better successful probability for routing packets and a improvement in resource usage.


ABSTRACT In this work, a fast analytical method based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic-Ultraviolet detection (HILIC-UV) using a short narrow bore cyano-bonded silica column packed with fully porous sub-2 µm particles has been developed for simultaneous determination of eight pharmaceuticals in wastewater. The method involved pre-concentration and clean-up by solid phase extraction using Oasis HLB extraction cartridges. The analytes were separated using a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer (95:5 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The chromatographic separation was optimized in order to achieve short analysis time and good resolution for all analytes in a single run. Each analyte was detected at its maximum wavelength for higher sensitivity. All analytes could be separated in 5.7 min with resolution ≥2.7. The optimized method was validated based on linearity, precision, detection and quantification limits, selectivity and accuracy. The detection limits of the studied pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.6 to 3 µg/L, while limits of quantification were in the range from 2 to 10 µg/L with UV detection. The developed method is fast, reliable, cost-effective and could be used for the analysis of the studied analytes in other matrices such as food, pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The South African health organisation loveLife tries to provoke youths to talk about HIV/AIDS by presenting them with billboards and radio advertisements with messages that include complicated rhetorical figures that will supposedly puzzle them. In order to test the assumption that puzzlement about health messages is related to willingness to talk about these messages, two studies were carried out in Limpopo Province, South Africa. In the first study five loveLife billboards, together with a questionnaire, were presented to 149 freshmen. In the second study structured interviews were conducted with thirty secondary schools learners about six HIV/AIDS posters and six HIV/AIDS radio advertisements from loveLife and other South African health organisations. Neither in the first, nor in the second study was support found for the expectation that presenting youths with a puzzling health message will contribute to engaging them in discussions about the theme addressed in the message. By contrast, a positive correlation was found between the participants' perceived comprehension of a message and their self-reported inclination to dialogue. No clear relations were found between the use of rhetorical figures (tropes or schemes) and the effects of the billboards and the radio messages. Participants indicated that they were willing to discuss the themes addressed in either a poster or radio advertisement because they appreciated the message and felt that its content was relevant to them, rather than because the message was puzzling or difficult to understand. The participants' overall actual comprehension of the messages, however, proved to be strikingly low.


We strengthen the link between holomorphic and generating-function invariants of Legendrian knots by establishing a formula relating the number of augmentations of a knot?s contact homology to the complete ruling invariant of Chekanov and Pushkar.


Susceptible and resistant populations of Pelodiscus sinensis were obtained by artificially challenge with Aeromonas hydrophllao.They were screened by SRAP with 64 pairs of primers.A total of 1 200 fragments were obtained,six of which were greatly different between the susceptible and resistant populations.Among these six SRAP fragments,two had dominant gene frequency in the resistant population.These markers may be candidates for selection of Aeromonas hydrophllao resistant Pelodiscus sinensis.Therefore,a basis was provided for molecular marker-assisted selection and cloning of anti-disease genes of Pelodiscus sinensis.


Two different analytical methods for the determination and confirmation of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, kidney and liver of pigs have been compared. Sample clean-up was based on liquid-liquid phase extraction. The detection of OTA was accomplished with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined either with fluorescence detection (FL) or electro spray ionization (ESI+) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Comparative method evaluation was based on the investigation of 82 samples of blood serum, kidney and liver originating from different regions of Serbia. The analytical results are discussed in view of the respective method validation data and the corresponding experimental protocols. In general, analytical data obtained with LC-MS-MS detection offered comparably good results in the sub-ppb concentration level indicating that the liquid chromatography electro spray tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was more specific and sensitive for the analysis and confirmation of ochratoxin A in pig tissues than high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after methylation of OTA.


THE subject of this valuable book is, as its title says, the origins of Greek civilization, 'Greek' being used in its cultural and not a geographical or linguistic or ethnical sense. The period examined reaches from the eleventh to the seventh century B.C. and—surprisingly but quite rightly—local incidents are discussed no more than incidentally; so Phidon is mentioned only as an example of the defectiveness of our sources and Lycurgus is not mentioned at all. Starr has an understanding of history on a large scale. The first chapter is a survey of the early cultures of Greece and Crete. The second considers the Mycenaean civilization with its imitation of the centralized monarchies of the Near East: Starr rejects Homer as evidence about this civilization, and sees in its destruction by the Dorians their principal contribution to later Hellenism. The next three chapters divide the 'Dark Ages' into three parts. The first, lasting till about 1000 B.C, is a time of chaos and 'abject poverty', but towards its end the establishment of the Protogeometric style of pottery reflects a new social confidence and a definitely Hellenic outlook: the essential changes, which occurred within the eleventh century, were not made only in Attica. The next phase, from about 1000 to 800 B.C, was one of consolidation and slow progress, as is shown clearly in the development of Protogeometric and Geometric pottery, with reasonable certainty in religion and politics, and probably in language; in particular the Asiatic side of the Aegean became Greek, as much by assimilation as by migration. The simple society of the Dark Ages, based on tribal rather than territorial organization and personal rather than political ties, had a short and brilliant culmination in the mature Geometric style and the Iliad, which like Greek mythology owes no important debt to oriental sources. But a revolution was on its way, and the second half of the book explains how within the century 750-650 B.C.-—or even the generation from 720 to 680—all the essential ingredients of Classical culture were developed. There was closer contact with the East, more significant in showing the Greeks that a higher civilization was possible than for any detailed lessons. Vase painting experimented and advanced, and architecture and sculpture began; but, in spite of closer observation of nature, the objectives were ideal types. In literature the progress towards individual liberty and responsibility can be traced from the Odyssey through Hesiod to Archilochus; religion was reformed to support rational notions of justice; and a distinctly Hellenic outlook was recognized. Socially and politically the most important change was the increased class-consciousness and wealth of the aristocracy who now eliminated the kings but were not generally able to depress the peasants into serfdom; the rise of the polis was in part an effect of tension between predatory aristocrats and hoplite peasants, and once instituted it promoted communal rather than tribal or class organization. In economics a new


According to the connotation of scientific development concept,which is putting people first and aiming at the comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable development,a comprehensive evaluation index system of science and technology is established through widely choosing and filtrating indexes.The paper builds the evaluation model based on the evaluation rules such as science and technology input/output,impact of science and technology on economy and society and the weighing method of revised G1 by standard deviation,and analyzes Chinese state of Science and Technology from 2001 to 2007.The contribution characteristics of the paper lie in two aspects.Firstly,the new weighing way of revised G1 can reflect expert opinion and data information,which avoids the problem of subjectively deciding the important indicators lacking in impersonal basis.Secondly,the paper finds out the impact of the main factors through the evaluation of China's science and technology,which provides reference for national policy-making of science and technology development.


Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL) is a multi-modal logic used for specifying and reasoning on sequential programs. Petri Net is a widely used formalism to specify and to analyse concurrent programs with a very nice graphical representation. In this work, we propose a PDL to reasoning about Petri Nets. First we define a compositional encoding of Petri Nets from basic nets as terms. Second, we use these terms as PDL programs and provide a compositional semantics to PDL Formulas. Finally, we present an axiomatization and prove completeness w.r.t. our semantics. The advantage of our approach is that we can do reasoning about Petri Nets using our dynamic logic and we do not need to to translate it to other formalisms. Moreover our approach is compositional allowing for construction of complex nets using basic ones.


Presents a novel representation of information within tracking applications, called the spatial probability density function (PDF) representation. This representation allows a level of uncertainty (or confidence) in target position to be expressed and maintained throughout the tracking process. Target position, velocity and acceleration are sampled at pixel resolutions and are propagated using a Bayesian statistical framework. An example application of the PDF representation is presented in an analogue of the classical alpha beta tracker. The results are promising, with key benefits being robust tracking in the presence of noise, occlusion and clutter. Directions for further research are discussed.


48% of the organizations that implement an Enterprise System (ES), realize less than halve of their anticipated benefits. Current research shows that when building a business case for an ES project, their ability to identify the benefits of the project is below satisfaction, benefits are overstated and there is an insufficient understanding of the required business changes to realize the benefits. In previous research by the author, the ES Benefits Management (ESBM) method was created to overcome these problems, by provide organisations with a tool that helps them to identify and manage, specific and feasible benefits. The ESBM method, albeit designed for organizations, has never been tested in real life. The goal of this research therefore is to validate the ESBM method by applying it in real life ES projects.
Before the ESBM method could be validated, it is first transferred to a suitable form for deployment in the organization. Based on discussions with business experts and literature in the "requirements elicitation" and "methodology" field, an interview and two workshops were selected and designed to deploy the ESBM method. The ESBM method was deployed in three different types of ES projects: implementing a module of an ES, roll-out of the global ES to a local entity and replacing the global ES. The size of the cases ranged from several €100.000's to multiple millions.
The outcome of the cases and the results form the questionnaires show that the ESBM method is capable of (all in relation to not using an benefits management method):
Finding additional benefits
Creating specific benefits
Creating feasible benefits
Creating relevant benefits
Increase the manageability of the benefits identified
The ESBM method increases commitment of the participants and creates more insights in the projects. The main element used by the ESBM method to create not only accurate and feasible benefits but also increased insight is providing the participants with a platform and process that generates discussions. Bringing together six viewpoints and guiding the participants through the deployment process of the ESBM method, requires the participants to specifically define how they see a benefits, which ignites and intensifies discussions.
Deploying the ESBM method showed it is applicable for adopting organizations, each of the companies would use it for future business cases. Deploying the ESBM method requires on average 8 hours per participant, for six to ten participants. From the participants at least two thirds should have a business background to optimally use the ESBM method. The ESBM method becomes viable to use for projects with a budget starting at €500.000.
The main recommended improvements to the ESBM method are to increase the duration of the workshops to four hours, add a C-level workshop before starting with workshop 1 and add an intermediate discussion of the benefits with the participants they have been assigned to.


Abstract : The purpose of this capstone is to highlight and explain how the target audience analysis (TAA) process can be enhanced by incorporating aspects of influence theory, social movement theory (SMT) and social network analysis (SNA). While a large body of literature addresses influence theory, SMT and SNA, little has been written within military information support operations (MISO) doctrine recognizing SNA in the analytical process. This capstone creates a method to apply SNA, SMT, and influence theory to existing MISO doctrine while also developing a scalable web-based application that assists with visualizing and analyzing open source data to draw meaningful conclusions and assist decision making on given operational problem sets. The web-based interface, COREnet, is a high fidelity prototype derived completely from open- source technology. The examples utilized are from a 2006 data set of an Indonesian terrorist network to demonstrate how SNA can be fully integrated into the TAA process.


Key Points Question Is procrastination associated with subsequent health outcomes among university students? Findings In this cohort study of 3525 Swedish university students, procrastination was associated with worse subsequent mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress symptom levels), having disabling pain in the upper extremities, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (poor sleep quality and physical inactivity), and worse levels of psychosocial health factors (higher loneliness and more economic difficulties). Meaning This study suggests that procrastination may be associated with a range of health outcomes.


The presence of the thromboxane A2 receptor in sinusoidal endothelial cells was investigated and its pathogenic role in endotoxin‐induced liver injury examined. The receptor was measured with a binding assay using a specific thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, [3H]S‐145. Scatchard analysis of the binding indicated the presence of a single class of high‐affinity binding sites with a dissociation constant of 5.00 ± 0.96 nmol/L, a maximal binding of 22.85 ± 2.71 fmol/106 cells and 13.80 ± 1.60 × 103 binding sites per cell. The addition of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, during the cell preparation increased the maximal binding value and the number of binding sites of 37.34 ± 3.01 and 22.50 ± 1.80 × 103 sites/cell, respectively. The binding was displaced by various thromboxane A2 analogs such as ONO‐3708 and STA2 but was not effectively competed for by other prostaglandins. Endotoxin injection reduced dissociation constant, maximal binding and the number of binding sites in sinusoidal endothelial cells to 3.49 ± 0.87 nmol/L, 6.03 ± 0.64 fmol/106 cells and 3.65 ± 0.39 × 103 sites/cell, respectively. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a Kupffer cell inhibitor added before endotoxin treatment significantly prevented the reduction in the number of thromboxane A2 receptors. It is possible that these effects were due to a reduction in the agonist‐induced internalization of the thromboxane A2 receptor brought about by the prevention of thromboxane A2 production. Preadministration of both a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist attenuated the degree of endotoxininduced liver injury. These findings indicated that the thromboxane A2—thromboxane A2 receptor system in the hepatic sinusoids plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin‐dependent liver damage. (Hepatology 1994;20:1281–1286).


L-selectin is a calcium-dependent lectin on leukocytes mediating leukocyte rolling in high endothelial venules and inflamed microvessels. Many selectin ligands require modification of glycoproteins by leukocyte core2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Core2GlcNAcT-I). To test the role of Core2GlcNAcT-I for L-selectin ligand biosynthesis, we investigated leukocyte rolling in venules of untreated and TNF-α-treated cremaster muscles and in Peyer's patch high endothelial venules (HEV) of Core2GlcNAcT-I null (core2−/−) mice. In the presence of blocking mAbs against P- and E-selectin, L-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling was almost completely abolished in cremaster muscle venules of core2−/− mice, but not littermate control mice. By contrast, leukocyte rolling in Peyer's patch HEV was not significantly different between core2−/− and control mice. To probe L-selectin ligands more directly, we injected L-selectin-coated beads. These beads showed no rolling in cremaster muscle venules of core2−/− mice, but significant rolling in controls. In Peyer's patch HEV, beads coated with a low concentration of L-selectin showed reduced rolling in core2−/− mice. Beads coated with a 10-fold higher concentration of L-selectin rolled equivalently in core2−/− and control mice. Our data show that endothelial L-selectin ligands relevant for rolling in inflamed microvessels of the cremaster muscle are completely Core2GlcNAcT-I dependent. In contrast, L-selectin ligands in Peyer's patch HEV are only marginally affected by the absence of Core2GlcNAcT-I, but are sufficiently functional to support L-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in Core2GlcNAcT-I-deficient mice.


Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that influence the perforation, regardless of the presence of H. pylori infection, in a sample of Iraqi patients with peptic ulcers, admitted to Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital. A total of 90 patients who had perforated peptic ulcer participated in this study. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations and was confirmed intraoperatively. A number of probable risk factors for perforation were investigated. Eighty participants were males and 10 were females (male to female ratio 8:1). About 42.2% of patients were in their fifth decade of life. Forty-nine (54.4%) patients were asymptomatic before perforation occurred. Among the risk factors, smoking (66.7%), stress (60%) and blood group A (53.3%) play a significant risk for the occurrence of perforation. We concluded that smoking, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and to a lesser extent fasting and blood group A, play a major role as risk factors for the occurrence of peptic ulcer perforation. Other factors seem to play a minor role in this respect.


A quadrature phase-shift detection system for interferometry has been conceptualized and evaluated. The main components, a microcontroller and two photodetectors, make a versatile low-cost detection system for displacement measurements or more generally phase-change measurements. The system is capable of sampling at 5 kHz with a spatial resolution of 1 nm.


Semiorthogonal decompositions for moduli of sheaves on curves Pieter Belmans (joint work with Swarnava Mukhopadhyay, Sergey Galkin) Let C be a smooth projective curve over a field k. We will work over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0, suitable adaptations of the statements are expected to hold over more general fields. The curve C is often studied through the properties its various associated moduli spaces of sheaves. Because a sheaf on C splits as the direct sum of a vector bundle and a sheaf with finite support, these moduli spaces come in 2 (or 3) families: 1. the symmetric powers Sym C, which are isomorphic to the Hilbert scheme of i points Hilb C on C; 2a. the Picard varieties Pic C parametrising line bundles of degree d; 2b. the moduli spaces MC(r, d) of (semi)stable vector bundles of fixed rank r ≥ 2 and degree d, and we will assume gcd(r, d) = 1 to ensure that there are no strictly semistable bundles and that the moduli spaces are smooth. The study of the moduli space MC(r, d) is often reduced to that of MC(r,L), which is the fiber of the determinant map det : MC(r, d) → Pic C over a line bundle L of degree d. The moduli space MC(r,L) is a smooth projective Fano variety of dimension (r−1)(g−1), with Pic MC(r,L) ∼= Z·Θ where Θ is the ample generator, and index 2, i.e. we have that ω∨ MC(r,L) ∼= Θ⊗2. We will explain how the derived categories of these moduli spaces of sheaves (are expected to) behave, depending on the parameters, by describing natural semiorthogonal decompositions. For background one is referred to Kuznetsov's ICM address [5]. These decompositions give rise to new connections between the different families of moduli spaces, and it is moreover possible to recover various known results as corollaries (not discussed here). Under our assumptions on k we have that Pic C ∼= JacC, and it is well-known that the derived category D(JacC) is indecomposable as JacC is an abelian variety. On the other hand one expects interesting semiorthogonal decomposition for MC(r,L), as one does for every Fano variety. And it is well-known that Sym C when i ≥ 2g − 1 is a projective bundle over Pic C, so one again obtains a semiorthogonal decomposition. Hence one desires to understand decompositions of the derived categories 1. D(Sym C) for all i ≥ 1, 2b'. D(MC(r,L)) for r ≥ 2 and L of degree d coprime to r into indecomposable pieces. We will summarise the state of the art on decompositions for Sym C and MC(r,L), and state some natural conjectures in this context.


The effects of undulator phase errors on the Free Electron Laser small signal gain is analyzed and discussed. The gain reduction factor due to the phase error is given analytically for low gain regimes, it shows that degradation of the gain is similar to that of the spontaneous radiation, has a simple exponential relation with square of the rms phase error, and the linear variation part of phase error induces the position shift of maximum gain. The result also shows that the Madey's theorem still hold in the presence of phase error. The gain reduction factor due to the phase error for high gain regimes also can be given in a simple way.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of using tools in pre - clinical and clinical training of dental students. In this study, the goal was to evaluate the effects of using high-speed and low-speed handpieces by dental students during their preclinical practical training on phantoms and compare them with polyclinic work on real patients. In the course of the study, students were asked to perform first-class black cavities dissection using low-speed and high-speed turbine tips. Thus, the type of tip speed did not affect the theoretical capabilities of students of the faculty of dentistry when testing and preparing carious cavities of class I. However, there were differences in the practical training of dental students and the inability to create the correct tooth cavity, due to the difference in the speed of movement of the boron head of a high-speed turbine tip. The data obtained in the course of the study indicate the need to implement an educational program using real high-speed turbine tips in order to improve the practical training of students of the faculty of dentistry. The use of high-speed tips can strengthen the self-confidence of dental students and ensure the acquisition of cognitive thinking and psychomotor skills from working with phantoms to clinical practice.


The motivation behind the Pandora project was to use METAFONT as a design tool rather than as a production tool in the creation of a typeface. Pandora was developed by using generalized descriptions of the visual relationships between parts of characters, characters in a font, and fonts in a typeface family. Pandora transforms from one font in her family to the next through different parameter settings applied to a single framework. It is not important that all variations look good, rather that a reasonable set can be found within the framework. A rich description allows a designer to quickly look at a number of possibilities. 1.1 Background When I first heard about METRFONT in 1980, the idea seemed intriguing-using computers to design type. In 1984 when actually faced with the first generation of SUN computers, an experimental V operating system with a cryptic boot command, and version O.** of METAFONT, I was not sure what it could really door rather, what 1 could convince it to do. The idea of designing type that was modifiable by the proverbial "turning of knobs" was seductive. And the idea that you, the designer, could choose those knobs was even more so. It was not very confidence-inspiring to know that I had no computer experience and there was no manual yet to use as a guide. However, I did have some ideas of what I would like METAFONT to do and lots of help from the authors of the language. Designing begins with ideas of how to solve a problem. What is the problem, what tools can be used to help solve the problem, how are those tools best used, what palette of solutions presents itself? The problem of type design involves identifying the requirements of a design. Such requirements are outlined in a document called a design brief. For what purpose is the design being considered? Is it a text or a display face, or intended primarily for use as symbols? What visual flavor is it to have? What feeling does it convey? Will it have a single weight or will a family of weights need to be considered? Type is intended to be reproduced without deviation within a given range of tolerance. So, which technologies will be used in reproducing it? Additionally for METAFONT-what lund of flexibility do you want to build into the design to make it adaptable to different marlung …


ERP India started as an online community (a yahoo discussion group) in 2003. The purpose of the group was to explore the implementation and use issues of ERP systems in India. Members from other groups and forums were invited to join and the group started discussing instantly relevant topics. Membership was free. A minimal registration process was required to become and member and participate in the discussions. The discussions were moderated to remove junk and product promotional messages.


either their purchasing power is maintained over the long run or their nominal returns closely track realized inflation over shorter horizons. Since the introduction of the U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) market in 1997, broad-market TIPS returns have generally met both criteria. That said, the aggregate U.S. TIPS market carries considerable interest rate risk, compared to shorter-maturity TIPS benchmarks. This paper compares the correlation of U.S. inflation with TIPS benchmarks in three distinct maturity buckets. We then compare their inflation-hedging properties to those of other asset classes.


Overview: This study attempts to develop a relationship between the fractal dimension of lava flow margins and lava viscosity. At four Vega and Venera landing sites we find a relationship between a flow's fractal dimension and its viscosity as calculated from major element chemistry. Less viscous lava produces a more sinuous flow margin with a higher fractal dimension. We find that it is thus possible to extend this relationship to a global sample of flow margins; fractal dimension can be used to infer viscosity of the original melts and possible compositions.


Milk collecting (100, 600) for automatic milking, DE LECHAna distance from the milk tube (104; 604), so that the connecting segment (103; 603) is accessible for assembling or disassembling the milk tube (104; 604).


Portable generators are very useful as an electricity source for survival during times of disaster in addition to their use at construction sites and for outdoor leisure. Because highly concentrated carbon monoxide is present in the exhaust of generators, generators should not be used indoors. However, when a disaster occurs, it is assumed that portable generators are used near disaster victims. Therefore, it is necessary to secure exhaust emissions to prevent secondary damage. This study considers the treatment of exhaust emissions from cartridge-gas fueled portable generators from this point of view. The following observations were made. 1) The permitted upper limit of the carbon monoxide concentration contained in the exhaust gas for a refuge tent was calculated by modeling. 2) The differences among the exhaust performances when using commercial cassette gas fuels with various compositions were not confirmed. 3) Exhaust emissions were improved by attaching the three way catalyst under an engine exhaust port and adjusting the Lambda.


Popular preachers and storytellers (quṣṣāṣ; sg. qāṣṣ) appeared towards the middle of the first/seventh century and quickly became the earliest informal historians and exegetes in Islam. Before long, the Umayyad caliphs recognized the political impact of their sermons and institutionalized preaching and storytelling (qaṣaṣ) as a state office. Notwithstanding this fact, informal qaṣaṣ did not vanish altogether, sometimes giving voice to pious discontent with the ruling dynasty. In the present study, I demonstrate that during the Marwānid period qaṣaṣ was combined with judgeship and other official positions. A comparison with documentary sources suggests that during the same period the term qāḍī (judge) was not yet used, and it may have been retroactively grafted onto the Umayyad past by early ʿAbbāsid historical literature. Literary sources also imply the existence of regional hierarchies of quṣṣāṣ. During the second/eighth century, qaṣaṣ lost its significance to the professional collection and transmission of traditions (ḥadīth) for the needs of Islamic jurisprudence and exegesis. Ḥadīth transmitters and critics eventually came to dismiss the quṣṣāṣ with contempt and derision.


The largest interconnected machine on Earth, the century-old power grid is so massively complex and inextricably linked to human involvement and endeavor that it has been called an ecosystem. To meet sustainability requirements, the electric industry is poised to make the transformation from a centralized, producer-controlled network to one that is less centralized and more consumerinteractive. This move promises to change the industry's entire business model and its relationship with all stakeholders, involving and affecting utilities, regulators, energy service providers, technology and automation vendors and all consumers of electric power. Efficient transmission and distribution of electricity is a fundamental requirement for providing citizens, societies and economies with essential energy resources. In the short term, a smarter grid will indeed function more efficiently, enabling it to deliver the level of service we have come to expect more affordably in an era of rising costs, while also offering considerable societal benefits – such as less impact on our environment. In the longer term, we should expect the Smart Grid to spur the kind of transformation that the internet has already brought to the way we live, work, play and learn. And certain veteran observers within the technology space maintain that the Smart Grids represent an opportunity to technology providers larger than the internet. Given new awareness, understanding, tools and education made possible by a smarter grid, all consumers will be able to make choices that save money, enhance personal convenience, improve the environment – or all three.


Fault diagnosis is vital for normal operation of the rotating motor. An effective and reliable deep learning method known as stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) is investigated in this paper, which can extract the features from the pending signals with disturbances. Deep adaptive networks are designed to extract features automatically from time domain data and frequency domain data of motor vibration signal, respectively. Then, the network parameters of the SDAE are trained to reconstruct the signal features, and clustering results are investigated. Finally, a classification layer is added to the top layer of the SDAE network for the fault isolation. It is shown that, the diagnosis accuracy with input of vibratory frequency signal is higher than that of time domain signal. The features extracted by SDAE can represent complex mapping relationships between signal and various running status, and the accuracy is improved comparing with traditional fault diagnosis methods.


This study reports on findings of an evaluative study on the effectiveness of an information and communication technology (ICT) module that forms part of the Advanced Certificate in Education: School Leadership and Management program. The study was carried out among distance education (DE) students from the University of the Free State enrolled for above mentioned module. Two ICT audit surveys were used to gather data. This study used two modes of evaluation: Jung and Latchem's (2007) quality indicators for DE and comparison. The findings highlight ready access to ICT, technical support, appropriate guidance and support by knowledgeable, innovative and committed facilitators and the creation of a sense of community as imperatives for teaching education leaders ICT skills and knowledge.


SUMMARY A case of anterior segment dysgenesis in an 18-month-old, one-eyed, domestic shorthair cat is reported. This congenital anomaly presented with a central corneal coloboma, a microspheric lens with a partial cataract, pupillary membrane remnants and goniodysgenesis. Treatment consisted of lens removal by phacoemulsification and a corneal graft using a porcine small intestinal submucosa biomaterial (Vet BioSISt) to repair the cornea and preserve the vision. Intraocular pressure remained within the normal range. Features of this case warrant classification as Peters' anomaly, first in humans in 1887 and which consists of defective development of the posterior cornea caused by abnormal migration and differentiation of neural crest cells impeded by the late separation of the lens vesicle from the surface ectoderm.


&NA; Seven healthy volunteers were the subjects of 78 experiments during which psychological and physiological data were collected and recorded in a standardized manner. Each experiment consisted of five equal periods (phases) of 30 min., during three of which the subjects were hypnotized. The subjects' continuous reporting provided the means of identifying a variety of phenomenological experiences. Transcripts of the subjects' recorded speech were used operationally to define the following categories of experience: nausea, disgust, vertigo, dizziness, dyspnea, crying, thirst, hunger, olfactory hallucinations, the hallucinatory ingestion of food, the hallucinatory sight of food, and the idea of food. The group results revealed a consistent association between the direction of the secretory rate of total gastric acid and the coincident phenomenological experience irrespective of whether or not the subjects were hypnotized.


Sunil Gangopadhyay (b. 1934) is a poet, novelist and journalist who lives in Calcutta and writes in Bengali. He is Editor of the poetry magazine Krittibas and Joint Editor of the Bengali literary magazine Desh. He is also a visiting Professor at Visva Bharati University and the President of the Sahitya Akademi. He has received many awards including the Ananda Purashkar twice (1972, 1989), the Sahitya Akademi Puraskar for his epic novel, Sei Samay, the Swarnakamal Puraskar from the government of India for his film, Sodh, and the honour of National Poet from Akashbani, Calcutta. K Satchidanandan (b. 1946) is a poet, translator and critic who writes in Malayalam. He was a university teacher in Kerala for many years before moving to Delhi to work for the Sahitya Akademi, the National Academy of Letters of India. His work has been translated into sixteen languages. He has received many awards at regional, national and international levels, including the Order of Merit from the government of Italy. He has edited eight journals including Indian Literature, Sahitya Akademi's bi-monthly, and several anthologies of poetry, short stories and essays in Malayalam, English and Hindi. He is widely known as 'Satchi' and, at his request, I have used this term in addressing him during the conversation.


Cisco Systems' strategy was acquire, acquire, acquire during the 1990s. Along the way, the firm tailored an integration process unique to each acquisition that Cisco consumed. From the day the intended purchase was announced, human-resources and business-development teams traveled to the acquired company's headquarters to familiarize themselves with the new acquisition. The day after the deal was closed, the human-resources arm of the business-development department hit the firm with tailor-made orientation programs. Cisco's approach had worked well between 1994 and 2000, with more than 70 acquisitions. By 2001, Cisco's buying spree had slowed, and acquisitions dropped to only two that year, causing public speculation that the firm had overshopped. Yet in early 2002, John Chambers, CEO of Cisco Systems, announced that he still intended to acquire eight or ten companies that year. What new postmerger-integration challenges would the firm face? This case provides an opportunity to examine Cisco's postmerger-integration (PMI)strategy, which takes place in a short time frame in order to achieve cost savings, high earnings, and an integrated culture. Students will discover how Cisco realizes value from its acquisitions and the role of executives in the acquired companies. They will also be challenged to think about how Cisco's PMI strategy reflects its corporate strategy and culture. See also the B case (UVA-BP-0467).


We have characterized the performance of 16-slice cardiac MDCT for assessment of coronary disease burden and lesion composition under optimal conditions. Morphology measurements with MDCT were accurate and reproducible. Detection of lipid-containing regions was possible with sensitivities /spl ges/ 88% and specificity of 96% for regions /spl ges/ 1.5 mm in size with /spl ges/ 30% lipid. Estimation of lipid pool dimension is difficult and lipid pool CT densities cannot be used directly to determine the %lipid content due to noise and blurring. These results represent the best-case performance of MDCT and help to guide interpretation of images obtained in vivo.


Robust analysis of a class of synchronized second order driven oscillators is studied in this work. A dynamical system is constructed from the synchronization error. Such system is stabilized around origin via PI-controller. The goals are: (i) To show that synchronization is locally robustly stable and (ii) There exists a control parameter such that synchronization remains against uncertainties. Since the synchronization problem is solved from stabilization of synchronization error at origin, results provide a quantitative measure of robustness margins, via /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin//-norm.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social support, self-efficacy and depression
in female college students. The data were collected from 183 female students residing in G city and analysed. The data
were analysed through t-test, pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The result indicated
that influence of two perceived social support subscales(family support, professor support) and two self-efficacy(
self-regulation, confidence). Significant negative correlation were observed between self-efficacy and depression, between
social support and depression. The variables of depression in female college students were self-efficacy and social
support each explained 12.1%, 11.3% of the cases. These results implicate that differential intervention is needed in college
counseling for female college students depression. Therefore it's needed to develop nursing intervention programs to
promote self-efficacy and social support.


Under the assumptions that (1) the newly discovered particles with 3.1 and 3.7 GeV masses are bound states of a charmed quark and a charmed antiquark and (2) the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule is valid exactly in the strong interaction, we propose a new fundamental interaction. This interaction is mediated by a triplet of chiral (V-A) SU(2) gauge bosons and has an effective strength between those of the electromagnetic and weak interactions. Decay properties of the new particles are investigated systematically. Also discussed are decay properties of charmed particles and a JP = 0- charmed quark-antiquark bound state, as well as some consequences of the medium interaction in low energy. (AIP)


Income taxation under the Constitution is the only form of direct Federal taxation on the ownership of wealth by individuals or its fruits that is permitted, without apportionment between the states; and that only since the adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment. (Taxes may be levied on the disposition of wealth by gift or inheritance.) The Federal Governmnet has found in it a powerful instrument for the redistribution of wealth. In restriction of permissible income it has found an instrument of control over utilities which are permitted to exercise the rights of eminent domain.


A 3.4 ps duration, high-repetition rate laser is used to create an aluminium ablation plasma at intensities between 10 15 W/cm 2 and 10 17 W/cm 2 . K-shell emission is observed from the target surface and several 100 μm in to the plume. High resolution, spatial resolved measurements of the He/5 (1s3p - 1s 2 ), Heγ (1s4p - 1s 2 ), Heδ (1s5p - 1s 2 ) and Hee (1s6p - 1s 2 ) transitions are obtained using a highly dispersive toroidal crystal spectrometer coupled to a large area charged-coupled device. This data shows unusual intensity modulations on He/( transitions. These oscillations are observed to 50 μm above the target and are found to be reproducible, and the intensity of the modulations is laser irradiance dependent.


The general formulae of equivalent probability density function,equivalent mean value and equivalent standard deviation are given by means of the transformation from fuzzy variables to equivalent random variables.Specific formulae of equivalent mean value and equivalent standard deviation are obtained when the membership functions of the fuzzy variables are commonly used ones.Based on the formula of limit state,fuzzy reliability in complex cases is computed by the advanced first order second moment method in the convectional reliability theory,and the reliability index to measure fuzzy reliability is obtained.An example is given to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.


The blazoned vitality of the adverb i in Medieval Spanish and its ensuing extinction in Castilian Spanish have awakened the interest of various scholars, who have aimed to probe many uncertainties regarding this lexical unit. Its etymology, its relationship with other adverbs, the reasons leading to its disappearance or survival in hay are some issues discussed in this paper. I have begun this study by gathering a core sample of texts belonging to the pre-Alfonsian period. Then, an analysis of the contexts, constructions and senses embraced by the adverb, follows. As a result, a predominant locative status of i is disclosed. However, due to the influence exerted by its relationship with certain terms, this condition is often «temporal», almost «pro-nominative» or even «grammatical». Perhaps, in this latter case, the origin of its decline is embedded and irreversible.