Created in the late 20th century, R is one of the most popular software environments for statistical computing and graphics. Embracing the development of information technology and the advent of the big data era, great changes have taken place in the R ecosystem during recent years. We describe the framework of the R ecosystem including software developers, statistical designers and, general users. An empirical review is carried out based on meta-information of the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) and bibliometric data of the literature citing R. We discovered that while initiated by statistics, the development of R benefited greatly from software developers and users coming from various disciplines such as agricultural, biological, environmental, and medical science. In addition, we show the collaboration patterns among R developers and analyze the possible effects of collaboration in the R community. By exploring the R ecosystem and making critical discussions, we intend to gain a better understanding of the current R ecosystem and provide a reference for the ecosystem's future development.


Photovoltaic air conditioner system (PVAC) is presented in this paper and model of the PVAC system is made up in this study. Simulation result showes that the collector\evaporator thermal efficiency and the thermal performance of PVAC have the same trend with the superheat of collector. It is proposed that the most advantage control strategy according to the simulation results.


Let M be an orbit of a real semisimple Lie group G_0 acting on a complex a flag manifolds G/Q of its complexification G. We study the space of global CR functions on M and characterize those M which are strictly locally CR separable, i.e. those for which global CR functions induce local embeddings in C^n.


In this study, an open‐ring controllable Bessel vortex beam is theoretically and experimentally constructed with a power‐exponent‐phase vortex. Its distribution in the far field after being blocked with obstacles is subsequently investigated. In the far field, the beam exhibits different degrees of the open‐loop effect following adjustments in the phase term of the power exponent. For an obstructed beam, the direction of the open loop is offset by a certain value, and different open‐loop angles can be achieved for different blocking angles. The developed beam can be used to guide particles and avoid obstacles.


For the purpose of upgrading the collaborative emergency ability of government in the tier of towns, realizing emergency resource share, emergency cost reduction and emergency efficiency improving. Firstly, taking the goal as minimizing the total cost in collaborative areas, set up a storage-transportation mixed nonlinear program model wherein the material quantity of storage and distribution are decision variables. Secondly, aggregated the towns of Fangshan District to five collaborative areas on the base of geographic vicinity, according to the flood annals of 58 years from 1949 to 2006, sorted the flood models to happened singleness and simultaneity, accounted the probability of two models respectively, estimated the demand quantity of emergency material (food/water, quilt/clothes and medicine) in every town by considering the population and flood destruction degree in addition. Finally, solved the model and analyzed the changing trend of total cost under different guarantee rate.


When organisms coevolve, any change in one species can induce phenotypic changes in traits and ecology of the other species. The role such interactions play in ecosystems is central, but their mechanistic bases remain underexplored. Upper trophic level species have to synchronize their life-cycle to both abiotic conditions and to lower trophic level species' phenology and phenotypic variations. We tested the effect of host seasonal strategy on parasitoid diapause induction by using a holocyclic clone of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum producing two morphs with either asexual (viviparous females) or sexual (oviparous females) reproduction, the latter being only present at the end of the growing season. Aphidius ervi parasitoids from contrasted climatic origin (harsh vs. mild winter areas) were allowed to parasitize each morph and developing parasitoids were next reared under either fall-like or summer-like temperature-photoperiod conditions. We next examined aspects of the host physiological state by comparing the relative proportion of forty-seven metabolites and lipid reserves in both morphs. We found that oviparous morphs are cues per se for diapause induction; parasitoids entered diapause at higher levels when developing in oviparous hosts (19.4 ± 3.0 %) than in viviparous ones (3.6 ± 1.3 %), under summer-like conditions (i.e. when oviparous aphids appear in the fields). This pattern was population-dependent, suggesting local adaptations to overwintering cues. Metabolomics analyses show parasitoids' response to be mainly influenced by the host's physiology, with higher proportion of polyols and sugars, and more fat reserves being found in oviparous morphs. Host quality thus varies across the seasons. Our results underline strong coevolutionary processes between hosts and parasitoids in their area of origin, leading to phenological synchronization, and we point out their importance for the provision of ecosystem service such as biological control in the context of climate change.


The study aims to study the role of marketing culture in enhancing marketing performance by examining the relationship and impact models between them, as the study problem was embodied by questions, including: What is the role of marketing culture in enhancing marketing performance and what is the truth about the relationship between them in the researched organization ?, So the study sample was represented by an Intentional sample, consisting of (32) employees, which included all the personnel working in the marketing department, customer service, and managers at the upper and middle administrative levels. The questionnaire was adopted as a main measurement tool for the study in addition to personal interviews to collect data. The study also relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to present and analyze the data. Several statistical methods have been employed to analyze these data, the most prominent of which are (Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Simple Regression Analysis Method, F- Test and t). Among the most important conclusions reached by the study: The overall marketing culture of the researched organization has influenced the activities and indicators that enhance its marketing performance. As for the most important recommendations presented by the study: The need for the researched organization to benefit from the support of the administration and workers to enhance the marketing culture in the organization by setting the reference framework for the work within the organization and the principles and foundations that guide and govern the work of all individuals working in the organization and focus on the dimensions of the marketing culture to support and enhance the marketing performance.


This paper presents a case study about pole's resistance to earth improvements based on simulation calculations and site measurements. In resonant earthed networks (earthed via Petersen/arc coil) the residual current causes earth potential rise (EPR) on the faulty tower's resistance to earth. This EPR value, and thus the touch and step voltage has to meet to the electrical safety requirements given in the relevant standards. In some cases the improvement of the suitable resistance to earth value is difficult and furthermore cost-ineffective. The Utilities becomes more and more cost-cautious, therefore cost-effective solutions is required. This paper contains the investigation of three different methods of resistance to earth improvements.


This work presents a silicon integrated high-performance thin-film inductor technology with improved magnetic core laminations. The deposition process parameters of the lamination material are tuned to obtain good quality lamination oxide, and its quality is verified by analyzing elemental composition through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Due to the high-quality lamination oxide, a peak quality factor of 21 and inductance to DC resistance (L/RDC) ratio of 425 nH/Ohm are achieved in this inductor technology. These figure of merits represent more than 95% inductor switching efficiency in power converters, and significant improvements in quality factor (Q) and L/RDC compared to other leading technologies.


In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the impact of surface conditions on self-piercing riveting (SPR) joint quality. Oil lubrication and sandpaper grinding were employed in experimental tests to change surface conditions at rivet/top sheet, top/bottom sheets and bottom sheet/die interfaces. A finite element (FE) model for the SPR process was also adopted to numerically assess the impact of surface conditions. Variations in surface conditions were modelled by changing friction coefficients at contact interfaces. The results revealed that the friction coefficient between the rivet and top sheet (μ1) imposed significant influences on the interlock (I1) by affecting the deformation of the rivet shank and top sheet. The friction coefficient between the rivet and bottom sheet (μ2) showed a lower influence on the joint quality because of a smaller contact area and shorter interaction time. The friction coefficient between the top and bottom sheets (μ3) led to opposite changing trends of remaining bottom sheet thickness at the joint centre (tc) and under the rivet tip (ttip). The friction coefficient between the bottom sheet and die (μ4) demonstrated crucial influences on the remaining bottom sheet at the joint centre. The riveting force was significantly influenced throughout the whole riveting process by the μ1, but only affected at the end of the joining process by the other three friction coefficients.


The mangroves are fragile, complex and dynamic marine ecosystem and are dependent on inter-related, environmental, both biotic and abiotic, factors. Their Values consists of both "tangible" and "intangible" benefits. Its intangible benefits are ecologically important. It protects lives against natural disasters such as cyclone, Tsunami, etc., and acts as a weapon in the fight against the climate change. Like any other ecosystem, Mangroves are also affected by the developmental activities which have considerably increased over the past decades. Mangrove lands were given least attention in the past and no nation was an exception to this. Now few nations, realizing its ecological significance, are paying attention to protect mangroves. In the context of new awareness about the significant ecological role of mangroves it is necessary to audit the legal provisions and schemes existing in international context, national level. This study is an attempt in that direction. Apart from international legal order Indian legal system is also scrutinized to assess its suitability to meet the needs of conservation of mangrove ecosystems. Administrative measures for the protection of mangroves and their suitability to achieve the goal of conservation is also examined.


In February 2018 Australia and Norway jointly conducted a field trial in Darwin collecting IR imagery in adverse weather conditions. The wet season in the Northern Territory is charactersied by high temperatures and humidity with intensive rains, storms and cyclones. The monsoon conditions subsided early February, but the collected data still included the required variety of atmospheric conditions. Two fully instrumented small boats performed a set of pre-designed manoeuvres and data was collected throughout the diurnal cycle. DST team used FLIR long-wave and mid-wave IR cameras. Weather data (temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction) was also locally collected for the duration of the trial.

The purpose of this paper is to present aspects of modelling of elements of IR scenes using the DST-developed VIRSuite tool (Virtual Infrared Simulation). Modelling will focus on mid-wave IR rendition and direct comparison with the collected imagery.


CONTEXT 2009: This paper was delivered initially to the 22nd Law & Society Conference at Australia's Griffith University, Brisbane in Dec 2004. Elements were refined for a session of the Independent Scholars' Association of Australia in 2005, and then lightly updated for posting on SSRN in 2009. Since 2004, multiple signals (from regulatory interface issues, to fast-paced knowledge generation outside universities, lawyerly eschewing of science, and perplexed queries about 'good science') continue to reinforce this research and analysis. KEY POINTS: Arguably, the 20th century ended with a widening divergence of Science and Law, particularly at professional practice and education levels. If this is an effect, then 'science' - it seems many feel - is much of the cause. Science sees itself imbued with modernity and does not shy from the broadest of claims about its own legend. 'Law' uses its power and traditional authority just as much to hold itself at elevated arms length.However, markets, including rising policymaker, industry, student and- consumer expectations, are forcing a 'paradigm shift' on lawyers and at least some scientists - with more shifting to come. Today's ready access to information, cross-analysis, networks, and wisdom is harshly testing power and knowledge boundaries including long-held professional divisions. Should lawyers, financiers, investors, academics or scientists be bending with the changing winds? In my analysis, in Australia and globally,scientists may be able to avoid delving into the Law for a while longer - but the need for lawyers and other agency professionals to 'know science' (in all senses is surely escalating. This is ominous given indicators of a clear and present stand-off. Further, the scope of the Science:Law challenge is wider than court process and education - far more of the inter-face, with 'good science' or otherwise, occurs outside the legal action system than within.


Some previous studies have suggested an association between sweet-liking and alcohol use in male alcohol-dependent individuals. However, if sweet-liking is to have value as an indicator of potentially hazardous drinking behaviour, the relationship needs to be established in non-dependent individuals, and determined for women and younger individuals, who may be at increased risk of alcohol use disorders. This study comprised of a non-clinical sample of 223 male and female university students. Responsiveness to 3 sucrose-impregnated taste discs (9 g/l, LSD; 90 g/l, MSD; 900 g/l, HSD) and a 50 mM 6-n-propyl- 2-thiouracil (PROP)-impregnated disc were collected and used to classify participants as sweet-likers (HSD/LSD ≥ 1.5), sweet-dislikers (HSD/LSD 0.05). Overall, our results partially support the hypothesis that ethanol and sucrose influence the opioid reward system in the brain in a similar way to reinforce use.


For a generation or more, philosophers of mind have been turning to the cognitive sciences for inspiration. In a typically philosophical way, this new development has in turn become a philosophical issue, and the philosophy of psychology has emerged as an independent subdiscipline. This emergence has coincided with the rise of philosophy of biology as an independent Ž eld. In recent years many philosophers in these two newer Ž elds have been attending to each other, and several people now have a foot in both camps. So we should all welcome this timely volume which surveys some of the main themes of this interpenetration of philosophical agendas and gives us a chance to re ect on where it has brought us. The volume as a whole ranges across a host of issues, some of them long familiar and others just recently attracting philosophical attention. It is worth pointing out, though, that developmental systems theory is not a subject of any of the contributions, although some authors discuss it in passing. This is a strange omission, since the relationship of development to evolution brings together two areas that philosophers have been much concerned with lately, and is of increasing importance within evolutionary biology itself. Two essays are worthwhile discussions of related issues: Peter Godfrey-Smith's valuably skeptical investigation of the notion of genetic "information" and Steve Downes' equally suspicious look at the parallels suggested by some cognitive psychologists between conceptual change in childhood and the history of science. I will not discuss these papers in detail, although both are recommended. Instead of taking you through all the contributions to the volume I will comment on those papers that attend to newer issues, or issues that have reemerged as a consequence of the attention paid to biology by philosophers of psychology. It is these issues that are most important if we want to understand the philosophical repercussions of the meeting of biology and psychology. Evolutionary psychology is one research program that has become prominent as biology and psychology have met. Indeed, it has been partially responsible for the meeting, and the papers in part two of this volume are investigations of evolutionary psychology by philosophers. The contributions are mostly critical of evolutionary psychology without denying that evolution is important to the human sciences. The question is how evolution is to be applied, and it seems to me that some essays in this section go astray to varying degrees by focusing on the methods rather than the claims of evolutionary psychology. Paul Sheldon Davies, for example, asserts that drawing inferences about our contemporary psychology on the basis of presumptive evolutionary history is all there is to "the methods distinctive to evolutionary psychology." If this is not right, he says, "then I have no idea what evolutionary psychology is and neither, I submit, does anyone else" (p. 72). Well, I do not think that Davies has identiŽ ed methods distinctive of evolutionary psychology but I do think I know what evolutionary psychology is. I should point out that Davies does not think the methods he identiŽ es are distinctive of evolutionary psychology either. Indeed, that is the point of his paper, but he then concludes that therefore there is basically no such thing as evolutionary psychology—there is just evolutionary history and cognitive psychology. That is a questionable inference. Evolutionary psychology as it concerns all four essays in part two of Where biology meets psychology is a the science championed by such thinkers as Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, David Buss and Steven Pinker. The methods of this science are not distinctive—they are indeed a blend of what has long been current in cognitive psychology, ethology and evolutionary biology (indeed, in the historical sciences generally). Evolutionary psychology of this variety is distinguished not by its methods but by its two core claims: Ž rst, that the mind is highly modular; and second, that the modules are adaptations to life in the ancestral environment in which humans lived as hunter-


Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Amsterdam UMC - location AMC

 Physical activity is crucial to preserve muscle mass and muscle function, which is hard to regain at older age. Therefore, even short periods of physical inactivity can be harmful for older adults. Due to symptoms of aortic stenosis patients planned for an elective Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) treatment could be at risk of physical inactivity. Specifically, because many of these patients are already older and frail, this could be harmful for physical functioning and even mortality at the long-term.

 To determine physical activity in patients planned for TAVI, using a wearable.

 Consecutive patients undergoing TAVI from January 2020 to September 2021 were included. All patients were asked to wear a Stepwatch activity monitor to objectively measure physical activity in the period before the TAVI. The Stepwatch is a valid tool to determine physical activity in frail and older adults, because it is able to detect slow or irregular movement. Patients were asked to wear the Stepwatch for seven consecutive days during every awake hour. By three complete days of at least 10 hours of wear time the data were included in the analysis. Two parameters were collected: the number of steps per day and activity time at moderate intensity. For number of steps per day patients were classified as extremely inactive (<2500), inactive (<7500) or active (>7500). For time at moderate intensity, it was determined how many patients did meet the activity guidelines (>150 min of moderate activity per week).

 In total 89 patients were included; mean age was 81 ± 5 years and 54% was male. Average number of steps per day were 6249 ± 2999. In total 19% (n=17) of the patients were extreme inactive, 67% (n=59) were inactive, and 15% (n=13) were active. Patients were moderate active for a median of 8 [IQR: 0 – 43] minutes per week. In total 6% (n=5) of the patients met the recommended guidelines of at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week.

 Older and frail patients with severe aortic stenosis planned for TAVI are mainly inactive. Most patients only moved at low intensity and a very small number of patients (6%) met the activity guidelines. The extremely low physical activity in patients waiting for TAVI, make them at high risk for muscle breakdown and adverse health outcomes at the longer term. (P)rehabilitation interventions should be developed to encourage patients with severe aortic stenosis to become more active during waiting time before TAVI.


Colonization of the gut by certain probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains has been associated with reduced risk of inflammatory diseases and colorectal cancer. Previous studies pointed to a functional link between immunomodulation, histamine production, and folate metabolism, the central 1‐carbon pathway for the transfer of methyl groups. Using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, we analyzed folate metabolites of L. reuteri strain 6475 and discovered that the bacterium produces a 2‐carbon‐transporting folate in the form of 5, 10‐ethenyl‐tetrahydrofolyl polyglutamate. Isotopic labeling permitted us to trace the source of the 2‐carbon unit back to acetate of the culture medium. We show that the 2C folate cycle of L. reuteri is capable of transferring 2 carbon atoms to homocysteine to generate the unconventional amino acid ethionine, a known immunomodulator. When we treated monocytic THP‐1 cells with ethionine, their transcription of TNF‐α was inhibited and cell proliferation reduced. Mass spectrometry of THP‐1 histones revealed incorporation of ethionine instead of methionine into proteins, a reduction of histone‐methylation, and ethylation of histone lysine residues. Our findings suggest that the microbiome can expose the host to ethionine through a novel 2‐carbon transporting variant of the folate cycle and modify human chromatin via ethylation.—Roth, D., Chiang, A. J., Hu, W., Gugiu, G. B., Morra, C. N., Versalovic, J., Kalkum, M. The two‐carbon folate cycle of commensal Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 gives rise to immunomodulatory ethionine, a source for histone ethylation. FASEB J. 33,3536‐3548 (2019). www.fasebj.org


The arterial switch operation (ASO) is the standard treatment for the transposition of the great arteries. The timely variation in the residual pressure gradient across the pulmonary arteries is ill‐defined. This study is aimed to study the progressive changes in the pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve and pulmonary arteries after ASO.


The effects of sex hormones on the development of the alcoholic fatty liver were studied on the castrated rats with or without compensatory administration of the sex hormones. Groups of Wistar rats were fed for a defined periode on a commercial stock diet (obtained from Oriental Company, Japan) and castrated. At 30 days after the castration ethanol was given by a stomach tube (6g/kg body weight) following the administration of testosterone, estrogen or progesterone. The amount of neutral fat and glycogen in the liver, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose in the blood were estimated. The results obtained are summarized as follows:


Leasing of railroad cars is steadily increasing. In view of this fact, a number of things which need to be considered in deciding whether to lease or to buy as well as leasing options are discussed. Since each situation is different there is no one solution which can be used by all.


This report should prove useful to any professional responsible for the planning and design of bicycle facilities, and to others seeking to broaden their knowledge and understanding of all aspects of bicycle facility development.


PURPOSE: A system for an optical transceiving module and package structure thereof are provided to form a micro lens on one side of an optical transmission board, and to attach a solder bump for alignment bonding with an optical element chip on the opposite side, so as to automatically position the optical element in a focal distance of the micro lens when connecting the optical element and the solder bump to enhance an arrangement degree. CONSTITUTION: Micro lens arrays(208,228) are formed on one side of optical transmission boards(206,226). Optical element arrays(202,222) are arrayed on a board position corresponding to a focal distance between the micro lens arrays(208,228) and the optical element arrays(202,222), and are soldered vertically with the optical transmission boards(206,226). Printed circuit boards(PCBs,201,221) are connected with both ends of the optical transmission boards(206,226), and surround the optical element arrays(202,222) by having predetermined spaces(203,223). In the optical transmission boards(206,226) and a pad of a light detection chip or a light source, the boards and chip pad are vertically bonded through a solder bumps(204,224) for slip chips. A bonding pad and bonding material(210,230) bond the optical transmission boards(206,226) and the PCBs(201,221). An optical transmission module(200) is distant from an optical receiving module(220) at the focal distance, and the modules(200,220) are arrayed oppositely to make the micro lens arrays(208,228) mutually arrayed. Fan coolers(214,234) are formed around the optical element arrays(202,222) in order to reduce heat generated when an optical element is driven. The fan coolers(214,234) are operated only when the optical element is driven.


Community effects on the behaviour of individuals, the community itself and other communities can be observed in a wide range of applications. This is true in scientific research, where communities of researchers have increasingly to justify their impact and progress to funding agencies. While previous work has tried to explain and analyse such phenomena, there is still a great potential for increasing the quality and accuracy of this analysis, especially in the context of cross-community effects. In this work, we propose a general framework consisting of several different techniques to analyse and explain such dynamics. The proposed methodology works with arbitrary community algorithms and incorporates meta-data to improve the overall quality and expressiveness of the analysis. We suggest and discuss several approaches to understand, interpret and explain particular phenomena, which themselves are identified in an automated manner. We illustrate the benefits and strengths of our approach by exposing highly interesting in-depth details of cross-community effects between two closely related and well established areas of scientific research. We finally conclude and highlight the important open issues on the way towards understanding, defining and eventually predicting typical life-cycles and classes of communities in the context of cross-community effects.


Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve's original novel La Belle et la Bête, published in 1740 and radically abridged by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont sixteen years later, has been criticized for its excessive length and its odd mixture of realism and fantasy. This essay argues that the novel's hybrid form and inner tensions reflect the early emergence of a new role for women in the bourgeouis private sphere, which parallels a shift within the grotesque aesthetic. These changes may also be seen in the wall panels of the Grande and Petite Singeries at Chantilly painted in the mid-1730s.


According to the characteristics of feedwater process of the drum boiler,an adaptive PID controller with process identification was introduced.Recursive least square method was used to adjust the parameters of the PID controller,which was applied in three-element control system of boiler drum level.MATLAB simulation showed that,compared to the conventional PID algorithm,the proposed control scheme had good dynamic and static performances and could adapt itself to the change of plant parameters,thus proving its strong robustness and adaptation.


The modulo 2 n -1 multiplier is usually the non critical data path among all modulo multipliers in such high-DR RNS multiplier. This timing slack can be exploited to reduce the system area and power consumption without compromising the system performance. Several commercial processors have selected the radix-8 multiplier architecture to increase their speed, thereby reducing the number of partial products. Radix-8 encoding reduces the digit number length in a signed digit representation. Its performance bottleneck is the generation of the term 3X, also referred to as hard multiple. The modified booth encoder will reduce the number of partial products generated by a factor of 2 using radix-4 but by using radix-8 the partial products reduces by a factor of n/3. A special moduli set of forms {2 n -1, 2 n , 2 n +1} are preferred over the generic moduli due to the ease of hardware implementation of modulo arithmetic functions as well as system-level intermodulo operations, such as RNS-to-binary conversion and sign detections. To facilitate design of high-speed full-adder based modulo arithmetic units, it is worthwhile to keep the moduli of a highDR RNS in forms of {2 n -1, 2 n , 2 n +1}.The modulo 2 n -1 multiplier is usually the non critical data path among all modulo multipliers in such high-DR RNS multiplier. With this precept, a family of radix-8 Booth encoded modulo 2 n -1 multipliers, with delay adaptable to the RNS multiplier delay, is proposed. The modulo 2 n -1 multiplier delay is made scalable by controlling the word-length of the ripple carry adder, employed for radix-8 hard multiple generation. KeywordsResidue number system(RNS), RSA, Radix 8 booth encoding, moduli set, prefix structure.


Virus induction of the human ,B-interferon (,3-IFN) gene results in an increase in the rate of 13-IFN mRNA synthesis, followed by a rapid postinduction decrease. In this paper, we show that two 13-IFN promoter elements, positive regulatory domains I-and II (PRDI and PRDII), which are required for virus induction ofthe 3-IFN gene are also required for the postinduction turnoff. Although protein synthesis is not necessary for activation, it is necessary for repression of these promoter elements. Examination of nuclear extracts from cells infected with virus reveals the presence of virus-inducible, cycloheximide-sensitive, DNA-binding activities that interact specifically with PRDI or PRDII. We propose that the postinduction repression of 13-IFN gene transcription involves virusinducible repressors that either bind directly to the positive regulatory elements of the j8-IFN promoter or inactivate the positive regulatory factors bound to PRDI and PRDfI. P-Interferon (,B-IFN) gene expression is highly inducible by virus or double-stranded RNA (for review, see ref. 1). Prior to induction the gene is repressed, but virus infection results in a transient, high-level accumulation of,-IFN mRNA. Previous studies demonstrated that the increase in P-IFN mRNA levels after induction is due to an increase in the rate of transcription (2, 3). We have recently shown that the postinduction decrease in ,3-IFN mRNA levels is due to a combination of transcription repression and rapid mRNA turnover (4). In addition, we demonstrated that this transcription repression requires protein synthesis (4). These observations suggest that the postinduction decrease in 8IFN gene transcription requires a virus-inducible repressor and that the positive regulatory proteins are stable, since high rates of transcription continue in the absence of protein synthesis. Analysis of the DNA sequence requirements for virus induction of the 8-IFN gene has revealed a complex regulatory element consisting of overlapping positive and negative regulatory domains (5, 6). The arrangement of these domains is diagrammed in Fig. 1. Although the sequence requirements for maximum levels of induction are cell-type specific (7-9), the region between -37 and -77 base pairs upstream from the start point oftranscription is both necessary and sufficient for high levels of induction in mouse C127 cells (10). This region, which has been designated the IRE (IFN gene regulatory element), is a virus-inducible transcription enhancer (10). We have recently demonstrated that the IRE is sufficient for postinduction repression of P-IFN gene transcription (4). The IRE consists of two positive regulatory domains (PRDI and PRDII) and one negative regulatory domain (NRDI) (5). Although a single copy of PRDI or PRDII is not sufficient to activate the p-IFN gene, one copy of both elements, or multiple copies of either, functions as a virusinducible enhancer (5, 11-13). In this paper, we show that postinduction repression of the p-IFN gene is regulated through both PRDI and PRDII and that NRDI is not necessary for this regulation. Thus, the same transcription elements are used for both virus induction and postinduction repression. Additional studies show that both PRDIand PRDII-dependent repression requires protein synthesis, suggesting that virus-inducible repressors act on these sequences. Further evidence for this possibility is provided by the detection of virus-inducible, cycloheximide (CHX)sensitive factors that bind to PRDI or PRDII. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture and Transfection. Mouse C127, human MG63, or HeLa cells (ATCC) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/10% fetal calf serum (FCS). C127 cells were seeded 1 day prior to transfection and were 30-50% confluent at the time of transfection. Cells were transfected and transformants were selected as described (5). Virus and IFN Induction. Cells were induced with Sendai virus (Spafas) as described (5). Virus treatment was for 4 hr in serum-free DMEM, after which the cells were rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in DMEM/2% FCS. Superinduction was carried out in the same manner as virus induction, except that 50 gg of CHX per ml was included in the induction medium as well as the DMEM/2% FCS. Induction with IFN was carried out by adding 1000 units of mouse P-IFN per ml (Lee Biomolecular Laboratories, San Diego, CA) to each plate of cells. RNA Analysis. RNA was isolated by the guanidinium thiocyanate procedure (14). Total cellular RNA (10 ,ug) was assayed by RNase protection as described (9). Plasmid Constructions. The NRDI deletion mutant, -55ID, and its isogenic wild-type counterpart, -411D, are described in Goodbourn et al. (15) as pBVIFA(-77)ID-55/-40 and pBVIFA(-77)ID-41/-40, respectively. The test genes (PRDI)4 and (PRDII)4 have two copies of the PRDIX2 or PRDIIX2 oligonucleotides (Fig. 1B) adjacent to a -40 ,-IFN gene and inserted at the BamHI site of BPV-BV1. Probes for RNase protection are described elsewhere. pSP65'IF (9) was used as a human ,B-IFN probe, pSP6mif (10) was used as a mouse p-IFN probe, and pSP6-y-actin (16) was used as a y-actin probe. DNA-Binding Experiments. Low salt (200 mM KCl) nuclear extracts were prepared from C127, HeLa, or MG63 cells at appropriate times after virus, virus plus CHX, or 8-IFN induction. Preparation of nuclear extracts and binding assays were done as described by Levy et al. (17). The concentrations of protein for each extract preparation were approxiAbbreviations: CHX, cycloheximide; IFN, interferon; IRE, IFN gene regulatory element; IRF, IFN regulatory factor; ISGF, IFNstimulated gene factor; ISRE, IFN-stimulated regulatory element; NRD, negative regulatory domain; PRD, positive regulatory domain; SRE, serum response element. 7799 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 7800 Biochemistry: Whittemore and Maniatis


In this work, we have experimentally determined normalized friction energy between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from tensile testing of SWCNT bundles using a simple scheme. The average normalized friction energy obtained is 0.22Nm−1. This result is further verified by molecular mechanics simulation of single nanotube or a bundle of nanotubes pulled out from a nanotube bundle. This numerical value offers an important design parameter for mechanical applications of carbon nanotubes.


The pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid have been examined in a dose of 3.6 g per day (0.9 g every 6 h) for 4 days, and the effect of the drug in 25 gravidae, threatened by premature delivery, has also been studied. Salicylate in maternal blood was higher than in amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and foetus at birth. It is concluded that 9 h after a dose of 3.6 g acetylsalicylic acid, the salicylate level in maternal blood was sufficient to reduce the number of uterine spasms in most patients. No effect of the drug on blood coagulation in mother or child was observed.


To study common mole (Talpa europaea L., 1758) infection with endoparasites 59 individuals trapped in five localities of Lithuania in 1999–2001 were examined. All common moles were examined by the method of total helminthological autopsy, skeletal muscles of 45 and brains of 25 animals being additionally studied by microscopic examination of stained and native preparations. The prevalence of infection was established to be 91.5%. The number of helminth species detected in mole digestive and internal organs totalled 13: Omphalometra flexuosa, Dilepis undula, Staphylocystis bacillaris, Tricholinstowia talpae, T. linstowi, Parastrongyloides winchesi, Capillaria sp., C. incrassata, Porrocaecum sp., P. depressum, Agamospirura minutissima, and unidentified larvae – 'larva 1'. and 'larva 2'. Capillaria sp. eggs were detected in the spleen. Common moles were most often infected with adult T. talpae and C. incrassata nematodes and nematode larvae of Porrocaecum sp. and 'larva 1'. There were free and encapsulated n...


With methyl methacrylate as main monomer and methyl acrylate as copolymer monomer,fresnel lens were prepared by 60Co γ-ray radiation polymerization technology.Experiments were performed to study the effects of radiation dose,radiation dose rate,cross-linking agent,composition of monomer on the optical properties of fresnel lens.The results showed that fresnel lens prepared by radiation means have excellent optical performance,when choosing appropriate radiation dose(35kGy) and radiation dose rate(84.40Gy/min).


Most traditional rhetorical theories reflect a patriarchal bias in the positive value they accord to changing and thus dominating others. In this essay, an alternative rhetoric—invitational rhetoric—is proposed, one grounded in the feminist principles of equality, immanent value, and self‐determination. Its purpose is to offer an invitation to understanding, and its communicative modes are the offering of perspectives and the creation of the external conditions of safety, value, and freedom.


An agent-centric event planning method is proposed for providing pedagogical experiences in an immersed environment. Two-level planning is required at in a macro-level (i.e., inter-event level) and an intra-event level to provide realistic experiences with the objective of learning declarative knowledge. The inter-event (horizontal) planning is based on search, while intra-event (vertical) planning is based on hierarchical decomposition. The horizontal search is dictated by several realistic types of association between events besides the conventional causality. The resulting schematic plan is further augmented by conditions associated with those agents cast into the roles of the events identified in the plan. Rather than following a main story plot, all the events potentially relevant to accomplishing an initial goal are derived in the final result of our planning. These derived events may progress concurrently or digress toward a new main goal replacing the current goal or event, and the plan could be merged or fragmented according to their respective lead agents' intentions and other conditions. The macro-level coherence across interconnected events is established via their common background world existing a priori. As the pivotal source of event concurrency and intricacy, agents are modeled to not only be autonomous but also independent, i.e., entities with their own beliefs and goals (and subsequent plans) in their respective parts of the world. Additional problems our method addresses for augmenting pedagogical experiences include casting of agents into roles based on their availability, subcontracting of subsidiary events, and failure of multi-agent event entailing fragmentation of a plan. The described planning method was demonstrated by monitoring implementation.


ABSTRACT Australian non-capital cities are overshadowed by their state capitals. High state-level urban primacy is especially true of Western Australia. Various theories in economic geography might explain the west Australian settlement pattern. Few are grounded in the experience of those with power over and/or knowledge of development. To study this experience and compare it with theory we conducted 37 in-depth interviews with decision-makers and subject matter experts to understand their explanations of Western Australia's settlement pattern. In addition to well-known determinants of settlement, such as environmental constraint and first-mover advantages, a majority of participants attributed Perth's dominance to centralised political institutions, poor infrastructure provision to non-capital city regions, few bottom-up growth avenues, and an unmet need to devolve power. Most participants believed centralisation in Perth warrants intervention. The most reoccurring ideas are presented and discussed.


Surgical procedures for limb salvage have been performed for more than a century for primary bone sarcomas of low or moderate grade. In the past decade, advances in adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment, in diagnostic imaging, and in the surgical techniques for reconstruction of limbs have led to serious consideration of limb-salvage surgery for most patients who have osteosarcoma, the most common high-grade sarcoma of bone. When limb salvage is considered instead of amputation for a patient who has osteosarcoma in an extremity, four concerns need to be addressed: ( 1) Is there any decrease in the rate of survival after limb salvage when compared with the rate after amputation? (2) How does the immediate and delayed morbidity for each type of limb-salvage reconstruction compare with that for amputation? (3) How good is the function of the salvaged limb when compared with the function after amputation at the homologous anatomical site? (4) Are there any psychosocial benefits for patients who have a limb-salvage operation instead of amputation? This review outlines the information acquired during the past decade that pertains to these four issues.


There are various ways to gain information nowadays in the era of information technology.It depends on who prefers which channels according to
their tastes, comfortable, interests and so on. Different people have different channels for gaining information, as well as women that have their own styles of accessing information. Exposure to their favorite TV programs is one way of doing it.It is easy, interesting and can be catching up to the current news.However, a frequent explanation for the failure of influencing communications to produce significant attitude change has been that messages conveyed by the mass media permit the operation of the selective-exposure phenomenon (James & Samuel, 2003).These phenomena occur when there are
some factors which influence people to expose themselves to the media content.Hence, this research attempt to focus on two major factors, age and education, in order to test the hypotheses which are highly related to selective exposure
theory. Beside that, TV credibility also give an affect for the audience to select
which TV programs portray messages that are suit with their preferences.TV credibility includes trustworthiness, accuracy and bias of TV viewing their content.All of these matters will be discussing further and focus on urban women and their TV programs preferences.Recently, urban women become very selective and they just choose TV programs which can fulfill their needs and interests.It is well known that urban women have a very less time to watch TV for any purposes. They have to think about their careers, family and life concurrently.Simultaneously, they will have
less time to watch TV as one of the famous media. Thus, after realizing that this problem is happening in the real world, the decision had been made to conduct a research focus on exposure to TV programs of urban women according to their preferences.However, this study just focused on informative TV programs such as news and documentary


Renaming disorders to change public beliefs and attitudes remains controversial; whether schizophrenia should be renamed is currently under debate. This study compared the potentially destigmatising effects of renaming schizophrenia with the extant effects of renaming bipolar disorder by comparing the label 'schizophrenia' to 'integration disorder', and 'bipolar disorder' to 'manic depression', in 1621 lay participants. The label 'bipolar disorder' was associated with less fear and social distance than 'manic depression'. 'Integration disorder' was associated with increased endorsement of biopsychosocial causes and reduced attributions of dangerousness but also increased social distance, highlighting the complex effects renaming has on stigma.


the spirits of Zheng He is the Chinese national spirits that has incarnated in the heroic undertaking of the seven went to the Occident. This article expatiates on the connotation of the spirits of Zheng He from eight contents, and probes into the contemporary meaning of the spirits of Zheng He.


Women have long been underrepresented in cardiovascular disease research. In 1970, women comprised 9% of participants within cardiovascular trials.1 It has now been 3 decades since the landmark 1985 Task Force on Women's Health Issues,2 first calling for expanded consideration of women in health, yet only one third of trial participants informing current cardiovascular guidelines are women.1 Progress continues, however, with both women-exclusive randomized control trials3 and observational prospective studies currently being conducted.4 The information generated from this research has increased our understanding of the determinants of and medical therapies to prevent stroke in women, yet some questions remain, and ongoing surveillance of stroke incidence and outcomes after stroke is required.

In high-income countries, like the United States, women have a greater lifetime risk of stroke than men. Further, stroke rates differ by ethnoracial origin with a higher stroke rate occurring in Black and Hispanic women living in the United States. The major risk factors for stroke and the strength of association of the risk factors are similar in women and men, with preeclampsia, pregnancy, and use of exogenous hormones as the few exceptions. However, the frequency of each risk factor, and therefore the population attributable risk, differs between the sexes. As shown in the international INTERSTROKE case–control study,5 hypertension, abdominal obesity, and adverse lipid profile are the most impactful causes of stroke in women worldwide, with smoking, cardiac causes, and lifestyle factors (ie, diet quality, exercise, alcohol use) remaining as important, but not as frequent, risk factors. It is through screening and treatment of these common risk factors where the greatest gains in stroke prevention can occur. After a stroke occurs, ensuring equal access to health care and evidence-based stroke management will equalize stroke outcomes by sex. Although progress has been made, with …


This work presents a maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm for linear block codes. In this algorithm, the optimal performance is achieved at low computational complexity through a two-stage processing. At the first stage, a minimum sufficient set S that includes the optimal solution is estimated. With the minimum sufficient set, the decoding complexity can be greatly reduced without performance degradation. At the second stage, ordered processing is performed within the estimated minimum sufficient set S to obtain the optimal solution. During the ordered processing, S is adoptively updated to minimize the computational complexity, and an effective stopping criterion is used to decide whether the optimal solution is found. Ordered processing not only helps to find the optimal solution quickly, but also enables simplified sub-optimal solutions with bounded block error rates. The proposed algorithm is also extended to decode block turbo codes. Finally, simulation results are given to show that this algorithm achieves optimal performance with a low average computational complexity.


Abstract We study the existence of finite absolutely continuous invariant measures for meromorphic Misiurewicz maps whose Julia set is the whole sphere. In the rational context, these hypotheses imply that such a measure must exist. We show that it is not so for meromorphic maps unless an additional condition on the behavior of the map, which can be stated in terms of its Nevanlinna characteristic, is satisfied.


Introduction. The strengthening of the impact on the socio-economic system of processes in Ukraine is related to globalization and contributed to the activation of scientific research in the field of management of the adaptation process at domestic enterprises in the conditions of the variability of the external environment. The high level of dynamism and uncertainty of the external environment in the modern conditions of globalization, the imperfection of management methods, in particular in the adoption of justified management decisions in a short period of time, leads to negative trends that can be traced in the key performance indicators of domestic enterprises. Adaptation is the tool that can ensure the balance of the internal state of the business entity to the changing requirements of the external environment, which requires the improvement of the existing mechanism in enterprise management at all levels of hierarchies and the implementation of individual elements of adaptive management. The conducted studies prove not only the importance, but also the necessity of organizing the management of adaptation processes at industrial enterprises in the field of mechanical engineering on a permanent basis.
The relevance of this topic is determined by the strengthening of the impact on the socio-economic system of Ukraine in the processes related to globalization, which contributes to the activation of scientific research in the field of management of the adaptation process at domestic enterprises in the conditions of the variability of the external environment, and necessitates a clear justification of the conceptual provisions regarding the management of the adaptation processes at industrial enterprises in modern conditions.
The purpose of the research is to consider and analyze the processes of adaptation of economic systems and to highlight conceptual provisions for managing the processes of adaptation at industrial enterprises in conditions of uncertainty.
Key words: adaptation, conceptual provisions, enterprise management, adaptation processes.


In recent years, the concept of deep seated gas was commonly mixed up with deep gas in some published articles. In sedimentary, it is better to make the main oil and gas generating zone (oil generating window) as the limit of hydrocarbon generating depth, and the gas that seated in the strata between the depth and sedimentary basement should be named deep seated gas. But to the earth, it is better to name the gas that seated in and under sedimentary crystalline basement as deep gas. Of course, the gas that generated in deeper strata but reserved in shallower strata should also be a important kind of deep seated gas. The generation of deep seated gas relate to the vertical zonation of hydrocarbon generation in earth crust. The theory of oil and gas generating zonation for sedimentary basin have effect on exploration practice in some historical period or in some basins. But with the development of oil and gas geology theory study and exploration practice, the limit of threshold indicate that was made for oil phase disappearing and gas phase appearing in the theory of oil and gas generating zonation was find by scientists. Different basin has different depth for main oil generating zone, so for main gas generating zone (dry gas zone). The sapropeltype organic matter evolution need higher temperature and biger depth and its main gas generating zone is deeper than humictype organic matter's. Evolution of organic matter in main gas generating zone is controlled by many different factors, including some important factors, such as temperature, depth and time. The causes that lead temperature higher are earth dynamics, heat flux in earth deep, and so on. The important geological events taken place before Paleozoic have prepared abundant organic matter and evolution condition for deep seated gas generating. So taken from matter base, there have a great resource potential for deep seated gas. Earth dynamics for oil and gas generating and other new idea offer a new way for deep seated gas study. The resources of hydrocarbon in lithosphere are not used up, but also all resources that have been proved and mined are only a small part of the whole. The main of hydrocarbon resources may be explored in the deep.


The ability of human a and B DNA polymerases and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerases to insert and extend several nucleotide analogs has been investigated using a variation of Sanger-Coulson DNA sequencing technology. The analogs included the triphosphates of two antiviral nucleosides with incomplete  sugar rings: 9-( 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethy1)guanine (dhpG) and  9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethy1)guanine (acyG or acyclovir), as well as dideoxy and arabinosyl nucleoside triphosphates. Three pairs of contrasting behaviors were found, each pair distinguishing the two human polymerases from the two viral ones: first, extension behavior with araNTPs; second, insertionJextension behavior with dhpGTP; and third, the relative preference for insertion of ddGTP uersus acyGTP. The relative level of insertion of the nucleotide analogs by HCMV and HSV2 DNA polymerases was dhpGTP > (acyGTP and araNTP) > ddGTP, whereas by human a polymerase it was araATP > ddGTP >> (acyGTP and dhpGTP) and by human B polymerase it was (araATP and ddGTP) >> (acyGTP and dhpGTP). Evidence is presented for three mechanisms of inhibition by extendible nucleotides (of dhp and ara types) exhibiting frequent internalization: araATP acted as a simple pseudoterminator of a and B polymerases, but was easily extended past singlet sites by Herpesviridae polymerases and only stalled at sites requiring two or more araATP insertions in a row. Herpesviridae polymerases stalled after adding dhpGMP and one additional nucleotide, suggesting that polymerase translocation problems may be a factor in polymerase inhibition by modified sugar nucleotide analogs. The amino acid sequence of the human a DNA polymerase, which is acyGTP resistant, was found to vary by one amino acid from the amino acid sequences of the Herpesviridae polymerases in a region of significant  similarity  and probable  functional homology. Amino acid differences at that same site differentiate acyclovir-resistant HSV1 mutants from the acyclovirsensitive HSV1 wild type.


Research findings and the recent prioritised focus on South African women\'s health and safety issues have highlighted the extent of the problem of rape in South Africa. At the same time it has brought into the foreground the critical role of the health sector in terms of its particular capacity and its unique position in delivering health and safety promotion interventions, preventing secondary victimisation of survivors of sexual assault and, importantly, in delivering accessible, quality services to survivors.
It has been charged that victims of sexual violence in South Africa continue to face a health system that is limited, inaccessible, unco-ordinated and ineffective. Against this backdrop, a qualitative evaluation was undertaken to ascertain the current status of medico-legal services in the Province of Gauteng in South Africa against the Health Department\'s stated objectives and various other stakeholders\' views of how the service can and should function. The scope of the evaluation included an assessment of the structure and process of after-care services for adult rape survivors at 26 medico-legal centres in Gauteng. The evaluation framework included a focus on issues related to the availability, accessibility, quantity, effectiveness and acceptability of the services. Attention was granted to the views of various service agents involved in the care and management designed to evaluate the medico-legal clinics.
This article presents the findings that emerged from the 'accessibility\' component of the evaluation, and focuses on the impact thereof on the quality of care provided to rape survivors. Findings suggest that service accessibility of medico-legal clinics in Gauteng remains flawed in many respects. Although the medico-legal system is increasingly engaged in developing and improving service accessibility at district and regional levels, these reform efforts have not been consistently applied across the province, and furthermore continue to be hampered by a serious lack of human and financial resources. Recommendations to enhance service accessibility, and therefore quality of care, are proposed. It is anticipated that the evaluation will serve to inform the development of quality services based on the principles of best practice, as well as the development of standardised evaluation tools to assess the quality of care provided to rape survivors at medico-legal clinics. African Safety Promotion Vol.1(1) 2002: 24-36


As one of the key technologies of Versatile Video Coding (VVC), a flexible quad-tree with a nested multi-type tree (QTMT) partition structure significantly improves the rate-distortion (RD) performance. However, this structure brings additional complexity due to the recursive search for the best partition type. Traditional fast partition methods in previous encoders, cannot adapt to this new complex structure, because it's too complicated to predict each block size from one layer to another layer. Some indirect bottom-up designed methods are simple enough, but cannot predict specific split structures, making the acceleration capacity limited. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a learning-based approach to effectively predict the QTMT structure without having to heuristically explore the partitions of each layer. Firstly, we propose a hierarchy grid fully convolutional network (HG-FCN) framework, which concisely requires inference only once to obtain the entire partition information of the current CU and sub-CUs, and the inference is highly parallel. Secondly, we design a representation of complicated QTMT of CU partition in the form of hierarchy grid map (HGM), which can directly and effectively predict the specific hierarchical split structure. Lastly, a dual-threshold decision scheme is adopted to automatically control the trade-off between coding performance and complexity. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of HG-FCN, which can reduce 51.15% $\sim ~65.53$ % complexity of VVC intra coding with negligible 1.17% $\sim ~2.19$ % BD-BR increase, superior to other state-of-the-art methods.


The present invention provides a method for detecting or diagnosing in vitro Alzheimer's disease, or memory and/or cognitive disorders, using a human biological sample and the inactivation of STAT3 protein as an indication, and a method for screening for a therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease or memory and/or cognitive disorders, using the activation of STAT3 protein as an indication.


An investigation of the influence of Si supply on the molecular beam epitaxy growth process and morphology of InAs nanowires grown on GaAs[111]B substrates is presented.


The main problem restricting the development of electric vehicles is that the on-board power supply system needs to meet the requirements of both high power density and high energy density, and a single power supply cannot meet this demand. Therefore, a hybrid control strategy of logical threshold control and fuzzy control is proposed to reasonably distribute the power between lithium battery and ultracapacitor. Logic threshold control is used when electric vehicles are braking and fuzzy control is used when they are accelerating. The NEDC (New Europe Driving Cycle) Cycle condition was simulated by using Matlab /Simulink simulation software. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can reasonably distribute the output power of the lithium battery and the ultracapacitor, and improve the energy use efficiency.


As the popularity of polymeric composites for outdoor high voltage (HV) use continues to increase, surface degradation through electrical discharge activity is becoming a more serious issue. In order to design composites offering improved resistance to degradation, and hence improved component lifetimes, tests need to be performed under controlled conditions in order to rank different materials. Inclined plane tracking tests are often used to determine the relative performance of various material formulations used in their construction. An alternative approach is to employ a high power laser to deposit known amounts of energy at a known rate to the sample surface. In this paper a variety of material formulations were subjected to inclined plane tracking tests as well as to laser ablation testing. The results indicate that the two test methods compare favorably and that laser ablation offers a quick and cost effective way of screening candidate material formulations, prior to more detailed study.


The paper covers the need for manufacturers to be aware of the certification and testing requirements of the European Union. It raises the issue of the need for acceptable quality management systems, both in house with manufacturers and with test laboratories, in order that the European Union may have confidence in the results that are being achieved and therefore accept the standards that are required to achieve mutual recognition agreements between the European Union and the US. Issues associated with the standards of testing, certification of test laboratories and the establishment of competent and notified bodies are also raised.<<ETX>>


The harmonic performance of high-power DFIG is generally poor, and when the nonlinear loads are connected, the harmonic current of the system will also increase significantly, in order to suppress harmonics, this paper proposes a harmonic suppression strategy based on VSG-controlled rotor-side voltage harmonic suppression and grid-side current harmonic suppression to improve the harmonic performance of the PCC point of the DFIG, and analyzes the harmonic performance under the three conditions through simulink simulation to verify the effectiveness of the strategy.


In a turn of events predicted since he announced his candidacy for President, Donald Trump has been impeached. Not for boasting that he regularly grabs women by the genitals without consent, nor for abuses of power violating constitutionally enshrined human rights by barcoding and then imprisoning children at the US/Mexico border. With Trump's history of abuse and oppression it is the sweetest irony that all that was necessary for impeachment was an abuse related to the investigation of a rich, white political rival's son.


The physiological condition of a natural population of silvereyes was monitored near Margaret River in Western Australia in each month for a complete year. Plasma samples were analysed for total corticosteroids, glucose, osmolality, urea, sodium, potassium and chloride; blood haematocrit was recorded. Carcasses were processed to yield body weight, total body water, fat content, lean dry-body weight and lean dry weight of the breast muscles. These results showed that in March total corticosteroids were high, haematocrit was low and fat contents were low. In June, fat contents were low and urea levels were high. Although breast muscle weights did not differ significantly between months, lower mean values during June may indicate that the labile protein content is 58% lower than in May. These results indicate that silvereyes are stressed in March and in poor condition in March and June. March and June may be the periods when natural mortality limits the population size, even in years when the March food supply is adequate.


In order to solve the problems of voltage wide-range fluctuations and over-limitation after large-scale distributed photovoltaic (DPV) integrated into distribution networks, this paper conducts a comprehensive and detailed analysis of voltage control strategy by summarizing existing voltage control technology and experience at home and abroad. The technical points and a comprehensive comparison from the perspectives of active power curtailment (APC), reactive power control (RPC) and active-reactive power coordination control (A/RC) are made. Through comparative analysis, it is found that adopting active-reactive power coordination control is a key measure to effectively improve voltage quality and increase the PV hosting capacity of distribution networks. The optimization of the control strategy can effectively improve the friendliness of large-scale PV system integration. The method and control strategy can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for voltage management of distribution networks with high penetration PV integration.


Searching of new drugs with antimitotic characteristics which can be used for decreasing of cancer cells dividing is the important issue of nowadays. One of such substances there is a hydroxyurea (HU) that is known as mitotical poison, because of characteristic to block a cellular cycle and as the specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis. It blocks the transition of cells from G1 – in S-phase. HU is a cytostatic agent with antineoplastic activity and presents great clinical efficiency in the treatment of sickle cell disease. HU and its derivatives exhibit versatile biological activities. HU is currently used in the treatment of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases such as cancer, sickle cell anemia and HIV.Currently anticancer drugs are available that significantly reduce the mortality rates for some cancers (e.g. leukemia and testicular and ovarian cancer), and give longer overall patient survival times. In order to drug belongs to the pharmacotherapeutic group – antineoplastic agents and widely used for myelogenous leukemia, essential thrombocythemia treatment, our research was concerning the literature review on the ways and mechanisms of action of HU in living organisms. The ways and mechanisms of HU action in living organisms, research of antiviral and antimicrobial action of HU, the mechanism of HU influence at the cellular level and in antitumor and anticancer therapy have been studied. Under studying of radioprotector properties of hydroxyurea was established, that its efficiency is estimated by the values FCD (Factor of change of dose) within the limits of 1.2–1.4 – (to the peas 1.4 and corn – 1.3). A factor of change of dose is a relation of effective dose at the irradiation of organism with a radioprotector to the effective dose that predetermines the same radio-biology effect in control without a radioprotector. It was established that compounds with sulfurhydryl bonding possess the most radioprotective properties. It is considered that they have strong reduction properties and can be used as spin trapping of free radicals, shutting them out before binding with macromoleculas occurs, in particular to DNA. In order to obtain a sufficient amount of the drug hydroxyurea for analytical and pharmacological research, a modified method of it synthesis has been developed and proposed. The optimized synthesis conditions include conducting the experiment at lower temperatures -15 °C (wise -10 °C lit.), neutralization of the reaction mixture with concentrated 50 % sulfuric acid (wise dilute sulfuric acid, lit.); providing concentrated solution by reducing the total amount of water in the reaction 300 ml (wise 500 ml); evaporation and the filtration at room temperature by air flow (wise evaporation in vacuum at 40 °C, lit.); replacement of the solvent for extraction with butanol ( wise alcohol, lit.). Such conditions provided complete dissolution of urethane after 1 h and allow to receive the hydroxyurea pure enough, without further recrystallization. The target product was obtained with a higher yield (up to 91 %) and achieved simplicity and one-step method. The less toxic and cost-effective starting reagents were also used to reduce the cost of the synthesis process.


There is provided a display screen management unit, it can reduce a screen resource required to switch screens and simultaneously display screen before and after the conversion and the conversion screen. When indicating handover screen, the screen control section (103) requests the screen discard determination section (105) determines whether the currently displayed screen. Screen discard determination section (105) the current display screen information to the switching target screen information for comparison, and, when the currently displayed screen is switched completely hidden target screen, it is determined that the currently displayed screen. Screen control section (103) for removing a screen resource for determining the screen to be removed from the screen resource saving section (107). Screen control section (103) generates a screen for switching resources of the target screen and the screen save screen resource to resource saving section (107). Screen control section (103) causes the display portion (106) of the display screen saving resources.


We present Viewset Diffusion, a diffusion-based generator that outputs 3D objects while only using multi-view 2D data for supervision. We note that there exists a one-to-one mapping between viewsets, i.e., collections of several 2D views of an object, and 3D models. Hence, we train a diffusion model to generate viewsets, but design the neural network generator to reconstruct internally corresponding 3D models, thus generating those too. We fit a diffusion model to a large number of viewsets for a given category of objects. The resulting generator can be conditioned on zero, one or more input views. Conditioned on a single view, it performs 3D reconstruction accounting for the ambiguity of the task and allowing to sample multiple solutions compatible with the input. The model performs reconstruction efficiently, in a feed-forward manner, and is trained using only rendering losses using as few as three views per viewset. Project page: szymanowiczs.github.io/viewset-diffusion.


KEYWORDS The specific rates of solvolysis (including those obtained from BLOCKINthe BLOCKINliterature) BLOCKINof BLOCKINisopropenyl chloroformate (1) are analyzed using the extended Grunwald‐Winstein equation, involving the BLOCKINNT BLOCKINscale BLOCKINof BLOCKINsolvent BLOCKINnucleophilicity BLOCKIN(S‐methyldibenzothiophenium BLOCKINion) BLOCKINcombined BLOCKINwith BLOCKINa BLOCKINYCl scale based on 1‐adamantyl chloride solvolysis. A similarity model approach, using phenyl chloroformate BLOCKINsolvolyses BLOCKINfor BLOCKINcomparison, BLOCKINindicated BLOCKINa BLOCKINdominant BLOCKINbimolecular BLOCKINcarbonyl‐addition mechanism for the solvolyses of 1 in all solvents except 97% 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐ propanol BLOCKIN(HFIP).


The invention discloses compounds of general formula (I) in which X represents an atom of hydrogen or of chlorine or of a methyl group, trifluoromethyl or methoxy; R1 represents a methyl group; R2 and R3 each represent an atom of hydrogen or an alkyl group, or form, with the nitrogen atom, a pyrrolidinyl ring; and R4 represents a furan-2-yl, thien-2-yl, thien-3 yl or 5-methyl-thien-3-yl. It is applicable in therapeutics.


Vaccinia, also known as cow-pox and vaccine disease, is, as you know, a specific contagious affection of cattle, occurring usually in epidemic form. It was first described late in the eighteenth century by Edward Jenner, who, after sixteen years of research regarding the analogy of variola to vaccinia, concluded that cow-pox is really smallpox of the human, modified by transmission through the system of the cow. This view is maintained at the present time. Vaccinia attacks the teats and portions of the udder of the milch cow. After an incubation period of from five to eight days, the disease appears in the form of multiple papules which soon change to umbilicated bluish vesicles, later becoming pustular and finally rupturing, leaving ulcerated surfaces which terminate in crust formation and desquamation. In his early research Jenner established the fact that cowpox is conununicable to man, and reported numerous instances of accidental infection of the fingers, hands, arms, and lips of those engaged in milking affected cows. Further observation revealed the fact that milkers who had accidentally contracted vaccinia became practically immune to smallpox. This led Jenner to inoculate the human with the contents of a cow-pox pustule to induce an attenuated attack of vaccinia and thus establish immunity against smallpox. After repeated experiments during the course of two years Jenner' published his observations in 1798, and advocated vaccination against smallpox as a routine measure. During the prolonged period in which vaccination has been performed innumerable times throughout the world, it has


This article witness a UWB monopole antenna with a compact annular-shape desired to be useful for oil pipeline imagingsystem. This antenna composed of a circular based monopole radiator where the ground plane is modified to meet the requirement. Here we simply etched a square shaped from the ground plane with a semicircle embedded on the top whose radius is half of the size of the square. Two circular studs are used to enhance the bandwidth at lower frequency band. The antenna is developed on a FR4 substrate whose thickness is assumed to be 1.6 mm with a lateral and longitudinal dimension of 15 mm×15 mm. The proposed design is simulated and the result obtained ensures an UWB band from 3.1 GHz-17 GHz. Thus, designed antenna can be easily integrated within the portable devices.


Abstract SCHAIBLE et al. (1934) were apparently the first to present comprehensive data showing that gossypol, found in the pigment glands, is the component of cottonseed that causes dark yolk discolorations when cottonseed meal is fed to laying chickens. That the discolorations may range from light-brown to black was reported by Swenson et al. (1942) and Heywang et al. (1949). Lorenz (1939) found that "reddish-brown" colored whites in eggs from layers fed cottonseed meal were attributable to a component(s) in the lipids of cottonseed. Frampton et al. (1961) reported that the intensity of dark yolk discolorations was at least partly due to a component(s) of cottonseed other than gossypol. Kemmerer et al. (1961) found that discolorations in the yolks of eggs from layers given crystalline gossypol were intensified when Sterculia foetida oil, which causes pink whites, was fed at the same time. Strains of cotton with seeds free of pigment glands…


Based on the grammaticalization theory suggesting that the grammatical morphemes are developed gradually out of lexical morphemes, this article maintains that the diverse Russian modal auxiliaries(modals) not only have been developed or changed in meaning out of lexical items, but also have been gradually shifted to grammat icalstatus, although the stages of the development differs according to the perspectives. Russian modal meanings are expressed by various morphological, syntactic, and lexical categories. While in English and German the modals have specific morpho-syntactic properties and are well established in grammar, in Russian the category of modals is not an established notion and is treated as a lexical phenomenon. It means that the modal system of Russian is not grammaticalized as the Germanic system is. Russian modals exhibit diverse morphological and syntactic manifestations. Russian modal auxiliaries, which are served as predicates in sentence and can be combined with a main verb, can take the forms of verbs, adjectives or adverbs. Personal modals require a subject in the nominative, while impersonal modals require a subject in the dative. Thus, they do not form a closed set and can only be determined by being located on a grammaticalization chain extending from content words with a lexical meaning to function words with a grammatical meaning. In this way, auxiliation can be understood as a partial phenomenon from lexical-syntactic expressions to free-grammatical expressions of a concept. This article tries to examine through the five mechanisms of semantic change, proposed by Bybee et al.(1994); metaphorical extension, inference or the conventionalization of implicature, generalization, harmony, and absorption of contextual meaning. Among the modals only dol?en and mo?' can express epistemic modality owing to metaphorical extension. The motion verb idti/xodit' alone could not proceed from spatial meaning to modal auxiliary's meaning, but with the suffix -sja through metonymic inference. The modal predicates dol en and nel'zja lost specific features of meaning and thus show generalization in meaning and specialization in function. Having examined the mechanisms of grammaticalization, this article compiles the results of stages in the following table. 〈표 삽입〉 In conclusion, with the grammaticalization theory we could not only categorize the modal auxiliary system more insightfully, but also explain why these modals are so different from English and German counterparts. The modal system of Russian is not as grammaticalized as these counterparts, but the development of modals in Russian shows very interesting gradual transitional evolution from a lexical status into more or less grammatical status as well as the interference phenomena with diverse levels and types of grammaticality.


Objective To investigate the role of Furin in breast cancer cell proliferation and provide a theoretical basis for in-depth study of breast cancer. Methods Different concentrations of Furin inhibitor were added in MCF-7 cell culture to test MCF-7 cell proliferation by MTT essay. Hochest 33342 staining was used to detect the morphological change of apoptosic cells. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the level of cell apoptosis associated proteins,such as Caspase-3,Caspase-8and Caspase-9. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for detection the CAT and SOD levels in cell culture. Results MCF-7 cell growth was inhibited by Furin inhibitor in a time and dose dependent manner. The results of Western blot and Hochest 33342 staining indicated that MCF-7 cells were apoptosis after Furin inhibitor treatment. The level of CAT was increased significantly,associated with the level of SOD. Conclusion Furin inhibitor could induce MCF cell apoptosis,thereby inhibit cell proliferation by modulating MCF-7 cell redox state.


Sir, With the transition of demographic profile from 'younger' to 'older' populations, there is a gradual, concurrent epidemiological transition taking place worldwide. Old age together with unhealthy diets, tobacco usage, obesity and sedentary life styles is contributing to the increase in chronic diseases like cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, neurological and psychiatric diseases. It is evident that all the countries in the world, irrespective of their economic development are facing an increasing trend in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are expected to account for 73 per cent of deaths and 60 per cent of disease burden by the year 2020 1 .


Abstract Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was applied for determination of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) in commercial laundry powder samples. Investigating different spectral regions, 1724–1670 cm−1 was selected as the best region. Spectroscopic data were compared with gas chromatography results, demonstrating reliability of the proposed method, higher accuracy and precision. Standard error of estimation (SEE), standard error of prediction (SEP), correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.022, 0.031, 0.998 and 0.138 in the selected spectral region, respectively.


The [5]metacyclophane derivative (3) was obtained in 55% isolated yield by treatment of (2) with silver perchlorate in the presence of 2,6-lutidine in tetrahydrofuran solution; (3) isomerizes to (6) in acidic solution and is converted by hydrogen bromide in benzene–acetic acid–water into a mixture consisting mainly of (6), (8a), and (8b).


In this paper we present a novel dual robot testbed called DualKeepon for carrying out pairwise comparisons of linguistic features of speech in human-robot interactions. Our solution, using a modified version of the MyKeepon robotic toy developed by Beat-bots, is a portable open-source system for researchers to set up experiments quickly, and in an intuitive way. We provide an online tutorial with all required materials to replicate the system. We present two human-robot interaction studies to demonstrate the testbed. The first study investigates the perception of robots using filled pauses. The second study investigates how social roles, realized by different prosodic and lexical speaking profiles, affect trust. Results show that the proposed testbed is a helpful tool for linguistic studies. In addition to the basic setup, advanced users of the system have the ability to connect the system to different robot platforms i.e. NAO, Pepper.


Nearly $2 trillion is spent annually in the U.S. treating chronic illness--yet accessibility to quality health care services in rural communities for the chronically ill and dying remains problematic. Unique barriers present special challenges to a meaningful discussion of and subsequent strategies for addressing these issues in the context of increasingly scarce resources.


In labor markets where few companies compete for many workers, economic theory predicts monopsony rents. Surprisingly, soccer clubs do not profit from the expected rents. The purpose of this study is to explain such contradictory evidence. Our model and empirical test, using data obtained from the Spanish professional soccer league for the season 2001|2002, suggests that monopsony rents that the clubs were to obtain from most of the soccer players would eventually revert to the superstars. The study also illustrates that the market value of players stems both from their sporting performance and their economic contribution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This work presents the analysis of the T-Type Zero Voltage Switching Pulse Width Modulated isolated DC-DC converter (TT-ZVS-PWM Converter). The topology is composed of four switches. Two of them are subjected to the input voltage level and the other two to half the input voltage. All primary side switches commutate under zero-voltage. The proposed converter has the following in common with the Full Bridge Zero-Voltage Switching (FB-ZVS-PWM) and the Three-Level Zero-Voltage Switching (TL-ZVS-PWM) converters: (a) symmetrical operation of the isolation transformer, (b) modulation by pulse-width with constant frequency, (c) zero voltage switching, and (d) three-level voltage applied to the primary winding of the transformer. Theoretical analysis, small signal model, design example and experimental results for a 3 kW, 400 VDC input, 60 VDC output, and 50 kHz switching frequency laboratory prototype, are included. Measured efficiency was 93% at full load and a peak efficiency of 95.2% occured at 1.2 kW.


Objective To investigate the difference of absorption coefficient spectrum and scattering coefficient spectrum between adenocarcinoma and non-tumorous tissue of gastric wall.Method Absorption coefficient spectrum and scattering coefficient spectrum for human gastric wall tissue were mensurated which gotten from tumorous region and non-tumorous region of 26 specimen of gastric adenocarcinoma.Results Absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient spectrums for gastric adenocarcinoma were different from that for non-tumorous gastric wall.Absorption coefficient for gastric adenocarcinoma tissue was lower obviously than that of non-tumorous gastric wall tissue in the spectral range of 300-720nm wavelength.Scattering coefficient for gastric adenocarcinoma tissue was lower obviously than that of non-tumorous gastric wall tissue in the spectral range of 480-1100nm wavelength.Conclusion Difference of absorption coefficient spectrum and scattering coefficient spectrum are remarkable between gastric adenocarcinoma tissue and non-tumorous gastric wall tissue.


Background Some patients with neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD) become non-respondent to the first given anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug. Non-responders to ranibizumab who are switched over to aflibercept treatment have a reported stabilization of the visual function and an improvement of the anatomic function. Objective -To investigate the development over time of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) after switching to aflibercept in cases of ranibizumab resistant nAMD. -To present an analysis of which factors may affect the treatment outcomes at 12 months after switching to aflibercept.


development and optimization of Silicon technology has been guided by CM OS scaling theory (1) and predications made by Semiconductor Industry (SIA) in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor (ITRS). With the trend of scaling down of Complementary M etal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistor as Moore's Law (2) requires replacement of conventional silicon dioxide layer with the higher permittivity material for gate dielectric. As the silicon industry moves to 32nm technology node and beyond complaints like leakage and power dissipation dominates. M anaging such issues are crucial factors for reliable high speed operation and chip design. Although scaling will continue for couple of decades but device geometries reaches to atomic size and limitation of quantum mechanical physical boundaries. To address these problems there is need of innovation in material science & engineering, device structure, and new nano devices based on different principle of physics. Here we have elaborated about scaling issues and alternate high-k dielectric for M etal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (M OSFET). Introducing a high-k material may replace today's silicon dioxide technology and can also provide extendibility over several generations. C-V analyses have been studied for various M OS capacitor with conventional SiO2 and also with high-k material like Gd 2O 3, ZrO2, HfO2, and TiO2.


The ventricular system is the extension of the spinal canal (canalis centralis) into the brain and consists of four chambers which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (liquor cerebrospinalis). The paired lateral ventricles (ventriculi laterales I and II) are two of these four chambers and are connected to the unpaired third and fourth ventricle through the foramen interventriculare. The following article gives an overview on the topography of the ventricles, their structure, as well as the production and re-absorption of liquor.


We performed spinal anesthesia in a patient with human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). It has not been previously reported that spinal anesthesia was used for HAM. Epidemiologically, HAM exists in a high frequency of HTLV-1 carriers and is common in Japan and the Caribbean, but there are few patients in the United States (1). A 60-yr old man with HAM was admitted for cystolithotomy. He had suffered from urinary bladder disturbance, muscle weakness, and involuntary motion of the lower extremities. The diagnosis of HAM was based on the clinical findings and the presence of antibody against HTLV-I in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Spinal anesthesia was achieved by administration of 10 mg tetracaine and 40 mg buprenorphine in 10% dextrose. Anesthesia proceeded uneventfully. Postoperatively, neurological findings revealed no deterioration of the signs of HAM and his hospital course was uncomplicated. There are a few reports of spinal anesthesia performed in patients with neurologic disease, such as multiple sclerosis (2) and Friedreich's ataxia (3). They did not show exacerbation of their symptoms in the postoperative period. Our patient with HAM also showed no change in symptoms. This case suggests that spinal anesthesia can be applied in cases of HAM.


ABSTRACT An experimental chiller was designed, fabricated and used to chill eviscerated broiler carcasses. Ice/water mixtures as well as a mixture of 20% glycol/80% water (v/v) were used as the heat transfer media in the trial runs. All carcasses in the trials were chilled from 32°C to 4.4°C (weight range 0.9 KG to 1.6 KG). Unbagged carcasses chilled in an ice/water mixture had a mean chill time of 43 ± 8 min. Carcasses packaged in non-evacuated twist tied bags required 109 + 24 min for chilling. Vacuum packed carcasses were chilled in 62 ± 19 min, and a modified cavity bagged carcass required 62 ± 11 min. When the glycol and water solution at -4.4°C was used to chill the modified cavity bagged carcasses, 4.4°C was attained in 48 ± 8 min. The increased time needed to reduce bagged carcass temperatures to the required 4.4°C did not have an adverse effect on the microbiological quality of the chilled carcasses.


ranged from 5-10 years 1) 2). Annotation: The occurrence of diseases as a result of professional exposure to the body by counteracting factors always has the specificity of multiple symptoms. A special category includes the problems of motor pain disorders associated with overstrain and micro traumatization, where a significant role is played by the defeat of the upper limbs (1, 3).


Ticks and flies that are prevalent during the summer months, can cause severe financial losses. Delete All is a ready-to-use pour-on that contains two actives, amitraz and deltamethrin. It also contains piperonyl butoxide, which is a synergist.


This research work states the temporal variations of sex ratio (SR), length-frequency distributions (LFDs), growth type based on length-weight relations (LWRs) and length-length relations (LLRs) of Clupisoma garua from the Ganges river of north-western Bangladesh. A total of 1200 specimens (male=630, female=570) were sampled using traditional fishing gears during May 2014 to April 2015. Then, total length (TL), standard length (SL) and fork length (FL) were taken to about 0.1 cm, and body weight (W) was taken to 0.1 g accuracy. The overall SR (male: female=1.0:0.90) did not vary statistically from the expected ratio of 1:1 (df =1, χ2 = 3.00, p>0.05). However, monthly variations of SR indicate males were higher in each month except June-August when females were greater in percentage. The LFDs showed that in males C. garua, ranged from 3.8-25.9 cm TL and females 3.9-26.3 cm TL. The LFDs for both sexes did not pass the normality; and Mann-Whitney U-test showed significant differences between sexes (p<0.001). The overall growth pattern was negative allometric (b<3.0) in both sexes, although analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) reveals significant difference in LWRs between genders (p<0.001). The LLRs (TL vs. FL and TL vs. SL) of C. garua were highly significant (p<0.001) with all r values >0.975. Finally, the findings of this study will be helpful for fishery biologists and conservationists to recommend adequate policy for the sustainable fishery of C. garua in the Ganges river and surrounding ecosystem.


The parton-recombination model plus SU(6) symmetry is used to relate polarizations in inclusive baryon production to those of the underlying constituent subprocesses. A description of the origin of the polarization asymmetry in terms of Thomas precession of the quarks' spins in the recombination process accounts for all of the qualitative features of the baryon and antibaryon polarization data.


Horticultural therapy is the emerging service industries in China. This article summarizes the concept, the applicable objects, the target, the characteristics and the efficacy of the horticultural therapy. And explains the basic composition of horticultural therapy activities as well as the famous Japanese horticultural therapy rehabilitation facility, comfort garden Azomino for example. It also proposes the way of promotion of horticultural therapy of Shenzhen area in China, the effect of proof test multimode promotion cooperate with pension institutions, for the promotion of horticultural therapy of more cities and regions in China to lay the foundation.


Previous studies have documented an association between mental illness rates and US-nativity, younger age at immigration, and recent immigration status among Caribbean immigrants to the US. This analysis examines these associations with the addition of important demographic controls and two indices of family support and conflict in Caribbean immigrants represented in the National Survey of American Life (n = 1623). The results indicate that previous correlates disappear when the index of family conflict is taken into account. Future efforts should focus on culturally appropriate identification and treatment methods addressing family dynamics in Caribbean immigrants. INDEX WORDS: immigrant mental health, family dynamics, National Survey of American Life. EXAMINATION OF THE MENTAL HEALTH AND FAMILY DYNAMICS IN CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANTS USING THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF AMERICAN LIFE


Chapter 1 develops the concept of time compression in economic development and highlights how recent developers are experiencing simultaneity in processes which previously unfolded sequentially over extended periods of time, including industrialization and deindustrialization. Time compression has always been a feature of late development, but the extreme forms seen in recent and current developers alter development experiences and processes in important ways. Industrialization has become 'thin', reflecting specialization, global value chain engagement, leaps in capital intensity, and the simultaneous casualization and formalization of labour markets. 'Out-of-sequence' sectoral shifts, such as an early retail revolution and financialization, and sectoral blurring also contribute to time compression. Demographic transitions have accelerated, with 'premature ageing', especially in East Asia.


This paper describes the developed laboratory complex, the goals and objectives of the complex. Highlight the key issues raised during the laboratory work. Shows images illustrating software developed complex.


ABSTRACT Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides are potentially a good tool for fecal source tracking, but different Bacteroides host strains are needed for different geographic areas. A feasible method for isolating Bacteroides host strains for phages present in human fecal material is described. Useful strains were identified for application in Spain and the United Kingdom. One strain, GA-17, identified as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, was tested in several locations in Europe with excellent performance in Southern Europe.


In 1963 Alan Marsh Barlow was appointed to the post of consultant pathologist at the Huddersfield Royal Infirmary and notably was one of the last general pathologists with a wide range of skills across the specialty but with an abiding special interest and expertise in clinical haematology.

With his caring and compassionate nature and deep sense of responsibility for the incurably …


A method, comprising the steps of: detecting by the first flip-flop by an edge of the substrate; at least a first selected checkpoint on the substrate is detected by the edge of the substrate; controlled by the trigger checking the presence of at least the first edge detected at a point between the detection substrate, and, when the detected edge of the substrate is not present at the check point, an integrity check failed message is generated.


Abstract : Scatterable mines are currently being evaluated in the material acquisition process. This new concept of landmines will be examined by an analysis of field experiment data provided by the Combat Developments Experimentation Command (CDEC), Fort Ord, California. An experimental design and analysis plan is presented to measure the effectiveness of scatterable mines. The experimental design considered two models. A normal model is designed without considering CDEC's instrumentation, equipment, and personnel, and a 'modified' model which takes into consideration CDEC's limitations. The experimental design, analysis methodology, and a hypothetical example are presented to indicate implementation of the 'modified' model. Finally, a comparison of the 'modified' model is made with CDEC's 'Tactical Effectiveness of Mines in the Armor Weapons System' model design. Dynamic measures of effectiveness are used to discriminate between levels of five factors (e.g., location of minefield, type of minefield, threat tactic, minefield density, defensive force mix) and to determine if there is a synergistic effect with employment of scatterable mines.