There exists a challenge in predicting the long-term creep of materials (3 105 hours) where 11+ years of continuous testing is required to physically collect creep data. As an alternative to physical testing, constitutive models are calibrated to short-term data (< 104 hours) and employed to extrapolate the long-term creep behavior. The Wilshire model was introduced to predict the stress-rupture and minimum-creep-strain-rate behavior of materials and the model is well-accepted due to the explicit description of stress- and temperature-dependence allowing predictions across isotherms and stress levels. There is an ongoing effort to determine how alloy form affects the long-term creep predictions of the Wilshire model. In this study, stress-rupture and minimum-creep-strain-rate predictions are generated for alloy P91 in tube, plate, and pipe form. Data is gathered from the National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS) material database for alloy P91 at multiple isotherms. Following the establish calibration method for the Wilshire model, post-audit validation is performed using short-term data from NIMS to vet the extrapolations accuracy of each form at different isotherms. The Wilshire model demonstrates successful extrapolative techniques for the stress-rupture and minimum-creep-strain-rate of tube, plate, and pipe forms across multiple isotherms. Overall the form with the highest extrapolative accuracy for both stress-rupture and minimum-creep-strain-rate is the plate and the lowest one is the pipe. Stress-rupture design maps are provided where stress and temperature are axes and rupture-time is in contour. The design maps can be applied to: (a) given the boundary conditions, determine the design life (b) given the design life, determine the acceptable range of a boundary conditions. The latter is more useful in turbomachinery design.


This handout provides information on the use of post hoc tests in the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Post hoc tests are designed for situations in which the researcher has already obtained a significant omnibus F-test with a factor that consists of three or more means and additional exploration of the differences among means is needed to provide specific information on which means are significantly different from each other. For example, the data file " posthoc.por " (available on the web site), contains two factors, gender and experience and one dependent measure, spatial ability score errors. Applying the GLM-Unianova procedure in SPSS produces the following ANOVA source table: Inspection of the source table shows that both the main effects and the interaction effect are significant. The gender effect can be interpreted directly since there are only two levels of the factor. Interpretation of either the Experience main effect or the Gender by Experience interaction is ambiguous, however, since there are multiple means in each effect. We will delay testing and interpretation of the interaction effect for a later handout. The concern now is how to determine which of the means for the four Experience groups (see table below) are significantly different from the others. The first post hoc, the LSD test. T he original solution to this problem, developed by Fisher, was to explore all possible pair-wise comparisons of means comprising a factor using the equivalent of multiple t-tests. This procedure was named the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The least significant difference between two means is calculated by: _________ LSD = t o 2MSE / n* where t is the critical, tabled value of the t-distribution with the df associated with MSE, the


This chapter discusses concerns about duplicates in an anonymous survey, general frameworks for record linkage, and estimating probabilities of duplication in the Los Angeles Women's Health Risk Study (LAWHRS).


A synergistic approach to production management is becoming fundamental in ensuring the sustainable and efficient functioning and development of organizations. The aim of the study is to substantiate the methodological toolkit for assessing the synergistic management efficiency of the food industry enterprise. The paper briefly examines the positions of individual scientists, revealing the view of modern science on understanding synergy, the sources of its origin and approaches to the extraction of synergistic effect in the economy, business, and production. As a result of generalization of the research previously presented in science, the authors clarified and systematized the factors and conditions of synergy, which are divided into two groups - internal and external. On the basis of the system of synergy factors, the article substantiates a formalized system of criteria and indicators for assessing the synergetic efficiency of managing a food industry enterprise. The paper provides an example of calculating and evaluating the proposed criteria and indicators based on materials from one of the food industry enterprises, as well as reasoning and conclusions about the future actions of the management of this enterprise. The presented system of criteria and indicators makes it possible to judge the level of synergistic efficiency of management and the degree of influence of individual factors of synergy on the financial results of the enterprise. The technique can be used by the management of enterprises in the development and substantiation of promising (medium-term) management decisions and programs for the development of enterprises.


Service experience design, addressing an overall experience problem with user-centered design thinking is a critical issue. This study proposes an integrated model of service experience assessment that addresses the relationship between user value and experience based on the importance and satisfaction concept. Refined improvement index of this study was developed for the determination of improvement priority. The paper then presents an empirical study of 3C (computer, communication, consumer-electronics) retail stores in which the proposed model was used to identify the critical servicescape items requiring improvement, and ranked on the strategies of improvement. The model requires a systematic approach to (i) examine the performance of these retail service processes; (ii) determine the items to be improved; and (iii) select appropriate and feasible strategies to improve these items. This integrated model is valuable for practical implementation in service firms to investigate and prioritize service design actions based on user experience data gathered from service sites.


Abstract : Air Force senior leadership has recognized the need for all airmen to possess a set of skills that will enable them to survive and operate in an expeditionary environment. This monograph provides the results of three connected analyses toward proposed training changes to build the future expeditionary airman. The first analysis used as its starting point a proposed training curriculum for common battlefield airman training (CBAT) developed by the Air Force Directorate of Operations (AF/A3O) and the Air Education and Training Command, Technical Training Division (AETC/A3T) for airmen within seven Air Force Specialty Codes (AFSCs) who operate outside the perimeter of an air base. These include combat controller technicians (combat control teams [CCTs]), pararescuemen (PJs), security forces (SF), terminal attack controllers, combat weathermen (battlefield weather teams [BWTs]), and specialties associated with explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and survival, evasion, resistance, and escape (SERE). In this analysis, the authors examined how CBAT affects the existing curriculum for these seven AFSCs. The second analysis used the results of the first to develop a CBAT plan of instruction (POI). Using this estimated POI, they computed CBAT resource requirements (e.g., training areas and devices, classrooms, and instructors) using the RAND Schoolhouse Model. The third analysis consisted of a survey of individuals in previously deployed, non-ground combat Air Force specialties to develop a list of incidents they faced in high-threat environments. Using these data, subject-matter experts were able to develop a list of training categories to prepare non-ground combat deployers for these situations.


In this work we present a 3D inversion model for a magnetotelluric survey carried out in the provinces of Misiones and Corrientes, Argentina. The most prominent electrical feature in our inverted model is the occurrence of a lower crustal conductive lineament (<10 Ω m) that runs parallel to our profile between stations 18 and 06, almost coincident to the Paraná river in the ParaguayArgentina border, turning southwards between stations 06 and 05. Previous electromagnetic studies have shown that this conductive lineament continues in Brazil, close to the Paraná basin depocenter. These works suggested that close to the Brazil-Argentina border, it deflects to the east towards the Torres Syncline. We now see that in fact the conductive lineament continues inside Argentina. Moreover, in Brazilian territory it is spatially coincident to areas where the magmatic Serra Geral formation is thicker, suggesting a genetic relationship with the Paraná Magmatic Province.


Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide; its incidence and mortality rate continue to increase. HCC has a poor prognosis and the curative options are very limited. The liver is closely connected (anatomically and functionally) to the gastrointestinal tract, which represents the largest reservoir of microbes in our body. Increasing evidence implicates communication between the liver and the intestine (and its microbiome) in the progression of chronic liver disease to liver cancer. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on the role of the gut–liver axis in contributing to the progression of HCC, with a focus on the impact of the intestinal microbiome in this process. We also review the potential of therapeutic strategies based on modulation of the microbiome for the prevention of HCC progression. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy occuring in the context of chronic liver disease and is one of the main causes of cancer-derived death worldwide. The lack of effective treatments, together with the poor prognosis, underlines the urge to develop novel and multidisciplinary therapeutics. An increasing body of evidence shows that HCC associates with changes in intestinal microbiota abundance and composition as well as with impaired barrier function, leading to the release of bacteria and their metabolites to the liver. These factors trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses contributing to liver cirrhosis and constituting an ideal environment for the progression of HCC. Interestingly, the use of bacteriotherapy in human and preclinical studies of chronic liver disease and HCC has been shown to successfully modify the microbiota composition, reducing overall inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we explore the existing knowledge on the characterisation of the intestinal microbial composition in humans and experimental murine chronic liver disease and HCC, as well as the use of antibiotics and bacteriotherapy as therapeutic options.


A 10-month old infant was seen in the emergency room with fever to 105°F for the past 2 days and 2 seizures, each lasting less than 5 minutes, 30 minutes prior to arrival in the hospital. This was the patient's second episode of seizures accompanied by fever, with the first occurrence 1 month earlier. At that time, he was brought to the hospital and had a completely negative workup, including blood cultures, urinalysis, urine culture, examination of cerebrospinal fluid, and complete blood count (CBC). He was diagnosed with a viral infection associated with accompanying febrile seizure, given a dose of ceftriaxone, and his fever resolved within a few days. Beginning at 6 months of age, he had been seen by his general pediatrician every 3 to 5 weeks for fever up to 104°F. The episodes of fever lasted about 5 days total and presented with a normal physical exam, without any localizing infectious symptoms. They were diagnosed as viral infections and resolved within 3 to 5 days without antibiotic treatment. Noticing the trend, his mother began recording his daily temperature and plotted his febrile days (Figure 1). It became so consistent over time that his mother could accurately estimate the next febrile episode. The patient's past medical history was negative for serious illness, hospitalizations, or chronic medical conditions other than stated above. He has had no prior surgeries and no family history of relapsing fevers. His review of systems was negative except as noted above. He lives at home with his mother and father. His mother is of French-Irish descent and his father is half Italian. Both parents and all grandparents were born in the United States. He has had no sick contacts, has not traveled outside of the state, and takes no medications. He has no drug allergies. His immunizations were up to date without any reaction or complications from the vaccines. Physical examination revealed a playful and pleasant well-nourished infant. Vital signs were as follows: temperature 102°F, blood pressure 107/45 mm Hg, pulse 136 beats/min, respirations 36/min, and pulse oximetry 98% on room air. Oropharyngeal examination was negative for aphthous ulcers, cobblestoning of the posterior oropharynx, tonsillar erythema, or exudates. maxillary sinuses were nontender to percussion. Neck examination revealed no thyromegaly. There was no cervical, auricular, axillary, or inguinal adenopathy. Cardiovascular exam was normal. His lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally. His abdomen was soft, nontender, and nondistended. There was no hepatosplenomegaly. He had full range of motion at all joints with no swelling. Neurologic exam was physiologic. In the emergency department, his seizures were treated with diazepam and he was admitted for 24-hour observation after which time he was discharged.


Preservice teachers conducted observational research to counteract stereotypes of low achieving students in the language arts. Student teachers observed 288 elementary students in Grades 1 through 6 during 30 minutes of language arts instruction. Expected behavior and actual behavior were noted during 1-minute intervals. Student behavior was further classified as definitely and completely involved in work, probably involved in work, or definitely not involved in work. Results showed that high achieves spent about twice as much time as low achievers definitely involved in their work, while low achievers spent about three times as much time as high achievers definitely not involved in their work. A second phase of this investigation was to examine the types of curricular tasks that produced a good fit between real and expected behavior and the types of tasks that did not.


Through diagnosis of the current situation of construction claim management of a number of Decoration engineering,the paper points out construction enterprises'main problems in construction claims,and puts forward a series of solutions to strengthening construction claim management on contractors'standpiont,A enterprise for public decoration enterprise(enterprise registered in xinjiang,contracting business basic in xinjiang in small territory),A representative of adornment enterprise.Study the claim for small and medium adornment enterprise strengthen current claims management,improve project management level,also conduce to industry,nice and fast development.


Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is used for power factor correction, voltage regulation, load balancing, and harmonic elimination. A DSTATCOM can not fulfill all these objectives simultaneously. In the presented work, authors have proposed a control algorithm for dual functional DSTATCOM that enables it to operate either in current control mode (CCM) or in voltage control mode (VCM). A new control algorithm has been devised that allows DSTATCOM to smoothly switch over from CCM to VCM and vice versa. In VCM it regulates load terminal voltage at a desired magnitude, whereas in CCM it injects reactive and harmonics current such that supply sees unity power factor. PSCAD/EMTDC software is used for extensive simulation studies and results of DSTATCOM operation in VCM, CCM, and transition from one mode to another mode are presented in detail.


The most significant political phenomena of post-war Britain are the emergence of the Labor party and the slow extinction of the Liberal party. The Labor party has emerged as the expression of a demand on the part of the wage-earners for an alteration of the basis of property. The Liberal party has suffered an eclipse because its historic mission has been achieved. The rising industrial classes which it represented for a century have now arrived. Whatever difference may still exist between the interests that were heretofore represented primarily by the Liberal party and those that were represented by the Tory party shrinks into insignificance as compared with the common interests of all the dominant elements against the radical demands of Labor. Thus Toryism and Labor alone will apparently share between them the future destinies of Britain. One will offer largely a brief for the claims of the past; the other will present in the main the demands of the future. The traditional British two-party alignment promises henceforth to be a struggle between Toryism and Labor, and to be marked by the intensity and animosity characteristic of a political division that comes dangerously near to being a clash of economic classes.


Many barchan dune corridors appear to contain dunes of stable size and spacing [1], and dune fields often exhibit regular patterns [2, 3] with apparent characteristic size and spacing (figure 1). It is still an open question as to what sets this characteristic scaling – local conditions such as topography or sand supply, or common dynamic processes such as those relating to saltation. Additionally, it is unknown whether the characteristic scaling is dependent on the initial dune size and spacing or on environmental conditions and dune interactions that vary in time and/or space.


In this paper we propose a new vehicle mobility modeling method in which many important real world environment issues such as topologies and traffic conditions are considered to model the user movement in a real environment. For this purpose, we also propose a scenario to extract necessary information for this model by using of data captured from an appropriate BTS in wireless networks. Collected data are available from counters which are settled in wireless networks and also are monitored in operation and maintenance center (OMC). high implementation complexity the relation between users such as traffic conditions are not considered. In other words the users are modeled by an independent Molecular Model used for an Ideal Gas that its molecules move across the real environmental obstacles (7). This model has mentioned many of real environmental features by means of stochastic modeling of real environment and it has suitable complexity. (7)'s model major deficiency is in users' velocity model, because that method is heuristic and needs some estimation from practical data and also it doesn't consider user propagation census data of the city. In this paper, we modify the direction control method of (7) by using wireless network status data and propose a new velocity control method to present a new mobility model based on real traffic rules. This method is based on random direction and so doesn't consider destination for selecting the path. We need to use empirical data to approximate the model parameters. There are some methods to extract traffic condition from real environmental data. Some of these data collection methods use traffic control cameras' data that represent traffic online information but this information is in qualitative form (6) and there are some methods to estimate quantitative data from this information. These methods can be implemented automatically by using image processing tools. Floating car data extraction is also used to determine traffic condition. In this method some of the cars such as taxis are used to report traffic conditions. In this paper the collected information from the mobile network status is used to study the traffic properties. The mobile network status is provided from network monitoring systems that send the reports to OMC unit. This information contains the number of inter and intra cell handovers and the rate of successful handover and some other networks information. Parameters of the suggested model can be calculated from collected handover data. In the following section, this method will be described in detail. The rest of this paper is structured as follows: Section II gives a brief overview of the model of (7) and describes the deficiency of the model and presents some modification on it. The proposed velocity control method is also described in this section. In section III the method of data collection from network status data and the method of model parameter calculation are described. The model simulation and conclusions are presented in section VI and V respectively.


Motivated by challenges in state estimation with event-based measurement updates, the properties of the exact and approximate set-valued Kalman filters with multiple sensor measurements for linear time-invariant systems are investigated in this work. First, we show that the exact and the proposed approximate set-valued filters are independent of the fusion sequence at each time instant. Second, the boundedness of the size of the set of estimation means is proved for the exact set-valued filter. For the approximate set-valued filter, if the closed-loop matrix is contractive, then the set of estimation means has a bounded size asymptotically; otherwise a nonsingular linear transform is constructed such that the size of the set of estimation means for the transformed states is asymptotically bounded. Third, the effect of set-valued measurements on the size of the set of estimation means is analyzed and conditions for performance improvement in terms of smaller size of the set of estimation means are proposed. Finally, the results are applied to event-based estimation, which allow the event-triggering conditions to be designed by considering requirements on performance and communication rates. The efficiency of the proposed results are illustrated by simulation examples and comparison with the approximate event-based MMSE estimator and the Kalman filter with intermittent observations.


We study the legal norms efficacy's problem in the light of intersubjective approach that is deeply rooted in Russian spiritual traditions and at the same time in Western philosophy. The legal norms efficacy that measured by standard methods should be calculated on deviations of the conflicts level from the average.


The study aims to preserve integrity of JPEG bitstream transmitted in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) environment, lightweight complex process that is proposed to parse bitstream of encoded medical image and formulated the encryption process for that represented bit of Diff value in DC coefficients rather than appended bits of ACs coefficients. Our choice deals with low down complexity by encrypting limited numbers of DC coefficients versus ACs coefficients per block, or even all image blocks. This model may be utilized in building a secure framework of remote image analysis and archiving center for that transmitted medical images from body sensors and clinician, or even other remote imaging center with high integrity and low complexity. The experiments result shows that the proposed approach gives an interesting and remarkable result to preserve the medical image integrity. The obtained results are discussed in details.


This report a new approach to the recycling of concrete for the 21st century. When demolished concrete is processed by a healing method, the resulting aggregate is unbroken and of satisfactory quality for use in concrete. The chemical composition of the powder that results from this processing is estimated, and the possibility of recycling it as cement, thereby reducing limestone requirements, is demonstrated. If concrete is recycled by this method into both cement and aggregate, resources and carbon dioxide emissions are reduced. In the near future, external diseconomies like these will come to be reflected in the cost of products, and concrete recycling methods that include recovery of cement will be needed to reduce such external diseconomies.


Computer systems linked to the Internet are confronted with a plethora of security threats, ranging from classic computer worms to involved drive-by downloads and bot networks. In the last years these threats have reached a new quality of automatization and sophistication, rendering most defenses ineffective. Conventional security measures that rely on the manual analysis of security incidents and attack development inherently fail to provide a timely protection from these threats. As a consequence, computer systems often remain unprotected over longer periods of time. The field of machine learning has been considered an ideal match for this problem, as learning methods provide the ability to automatically analyze data and support early detection of threats. However, only few research has produced practical results so far and there is notable skepticism in the community about learning-based defenses. In this paper, we reconsider the problems, challenges and advantages of combining machine learning and computer security. We identify factors that are critical for the efficacy and acceptance of learning methods in security. We present directions and perspectives for successfully linking both fields and aim at fostering research on intelligent security methods.


Intelligent evacuation system aims to develop a system of information panels LED indicating the direction of the nearest exit, according to information provided by a central fire hazard areas on fire. It is characterized by: # - Connected to the fire panel, using information from the same, to show the direction of proper disposal in each panel # - Based on LED panels.. Evacuation information will be displayed on LED panels installed and will be based on signals indicating the direction safest evacuation to be taken from that cartel. # - Resistant to fire, components and elements of communication between them are resistant to some degree fire and high temperatures. # in case of fire indicates the nearest emergency exits that are out of danger, avoiding the routes affected by fire or blocked.


Most commonly, pet dogs suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) diseases due to careless eating behaviors, such as eating food other than dog food; excess or insufficient nutrient intake of food leading to malnutrition, which could be harmful to dogs; a lack of digestive enzymes; food intolerance or allergies; infections; and/or breed-related hypersensitivities. Probiotics are live microorganisms that deliver health benefits to the host when administrated in an adequate amount. The possible mechanism behind probiotics' beneficial effects could be their positive regulation of the host's intestinal microbiota. Probiotics are reported to have therapeutic properties against canine GI and other diseases. The most suitable dosages and applications of probiotics have not been evaluated extensively. The present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the benefits of probiotics and the changes in canine microbiota during probiotic interventions. This literature review provides clinical evidence for probiotics' beneficial effects in preventing or treating canine ill-health conditions. Based on current knowledge, subsequent researchers could develop or improve probiotics-based canine pharmacological products.


This work describes the effort to employ remote monitoring and artificial intelligence techniques to develop the proactive network management. The first was developed in the Laboratory of Network and Management (UFSC) which uses remote monitoring. The second was developed in the National Supercomputing Center, handles the problem with artificial intelligence and SunNet Manager's agents usage. The network management is a hard task and may be associated with another area, such as artificial intelligence and expert systems. Some management systems already are using this association to complement the management functions. In this way, we proposed the use of the artificial intelligence techniques to contribute for development of the proactive management. Furthermore, we used the remote monitoring and simulation tools to support the development of the proactive network.


A device (1) for detecting a change in pressure in a tire comprising an input device (3) which is adapted to a first temperature signal (5) having information about a first temperature, a second temperature signal (7), the information , via a second temperature and to receive a pressure signal (9), comprising information about a pressure of the tire. Further, the device (1) comprises a processor (11), which is designed to evaluate the information about the pressure of the tire in dependence on a comparison of the information about the first temperature and the information on the second temperature. The processor (11) is also configured to generate, based on the evaluation of the information on the pressure of the tire an evaluation signal (13) comprising information about a pressure change in the tire. The apparatus also includes an output device (15) which is formed to provide the evaluation signal (11).


In this study, we isolated endophytic fungi from the conifer leaves of Pinus densiflora inhabiting Mt. Gyehwasan in Korea. We identified the isolated fungal strains based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, small subunit rDNA, large subunit rDNA, and β-tubulin region. In the process of this study, we confirmed two endophytic fungi that have not been recorded previously in Korea, Lophiostoma macrostomum and Pestalotiopsis lespedezae. In this report, we described the morphological characteristics of these fungal strains and the results of their molecular analysis.


sacw.net March 3, 2009 We believe that the resumption of dialogue process between Indian and Pakistani governments is crucial in resolving issues that threaten peace. To maintain peace between…


Suffusion depressions are closed relief depressions on the flat surfaces of watersheds and terraces. They are formed during water erosion (suffusion) of loesses and loess-like loams. Therefore, the distribution of the depressions is associated with that of the soil-forming rocks - along the south of the taiga zone and further south in the subtaiga, forest-steppe, and steppe. The depressions are islands of preserved natural vegetation, since flat surfaces were plowed over a large area. Previous studies have shown an increase in moisture from the edge to the center of the depressions, and a rather high trophicity of habitats due to the richness in nutrients of loesslike loams. Birch and aspen forests along the edges of the depressions are actively studied. Wet plant communities in the inner parts of the depressions are less studied -mainly in the center of the subtaiga and to the south. The purpose of our work is to study vegetation of the depressions in the northern part of the subtaiga of Western Siberia. The study area is the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plain (55°30'-56°55N, 83°27'-84°45'E) (See Fig. 1). The diameter of the depressions is 20-100 m, the depth usually does not exceed 1.5 m. In spring, the depressions are usually flooded with snow-melt waters until the end of May (sometimes mid-June). The releves of plant communities were made with reference to the relief elements (slope and center). A total of 120 releves were used to describe the vegetation of the depressions, including a list of the species which each layer of the community comprises, and their abundance (projective cover, %). An ecological-floristic classification was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method. Environmental factors (soil moisture, soil trophicity, soil nitrogen concentration, and soil acidity) were assessed by the phytoindication method using the indicator values of plants developed by Tsyganov. The data were processed and calculated in Excel. We identified five types of depressions with different series of plant communities depending on their shape and drainage properties of soils (See Fig. 3). Based on these five types, a generalized hydrological series of plant communities in the depressions was identified. However, with account to the richness and availability of nutrients in soils, two variants of the hydrological series were considered. Under poorer (meso-trophic) and weakly acidic conditions, the communities of the class Brachypodio-Betuletea on the edge (in the upper part of the slope) of the depressions are further replaced by the swampy communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae on the slope and also in the center (See Fig. 3, a, c, e). In richer (mesoeutrophic) and near-neutral conditions on the slopes of the depressions, the communities of the class Brachypodio- Betuletea on the edge are replaced by the communities of the class Alno-Populetea on the slope and further by the communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae in the center of the depression (See Fig. 3, b, d). The location of the suffusion depressions in the north of the subtaiga and the associated relatively high moistening of habitats determine the structure of the hydrological series where mesophilic communities of the class Brachypodio-Betuletea occupy only the upper part of the slope (See Fig. 4, a). Hygromesophilic and hygrophilic communities of the classes Alno-Populetea and Alnetea glutinosae are formed in the rest of the slope and in the center. Eutrophic species in the plant communities of the depressions are not abundant due to the low mineralization of soil and ground waters. The article contains 4 Figures, 1 Table, and 40 References. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.


To investigate the change of cell wall composition,Pleurotus eryngii were stored in a controlled atmosphere( CA,2% O2+ 30% CO2) at( 22 ±1) ℃ and 90%-95% relative humidity for 5 d and cell wall composition( Proteins,polysaccharides,chitin),chewiness and ultrastructure were analyzed over the 5 d storage period. Results showed that the chewiness of CA mushroom was higher than that in CK. CA delayed the decomposition of water soluble and 1 mol /L NaOH soluble protein,maintaining the total protein of Pleurotus eryngii cellwall. CA exerted an inhibitory influence on decomposition of water soluble polysaccharide and 10 mol /L NaOH in Peurotus eryngii cellwall. CA promoted the accumulation of water soluble,10 mol /L NaOH soluble,HCl /1 mol /L NaOH soluble chitin and delayed the decomposition of them. CA surpressed the degradation of chitin and retained the hardness and chewiness of Pleurotus eryngii. The ultrastructure photograph also showed that CA kept the integrity and stability of Pleurotus eryngii cell wall. In conclusion,CA keep a good edible quality of Pleurotus eryngii through affecting mushroom cell wall composition.


As a model displaying typical features of two-frequency quasiperiodically forced systems, we discuss the circle map with quasiperiodic coupling. We present numerical and analytical evidence for the existence of strange nonchaotic attractors, and we use examples to illustrate various types of dynamical behavior that can arise in typical quasiperiodically forced systems. We investigate the behavior of the system in the two-dimensional parameter plane of nonlinearity strength versus one of the driving frequencies. We find that the set in this parameter plane for which the system exhibits strange nonchaotic attractors has Cantor-like structure and is enclosed between two critical curves. One of these curves marks the transition from three-frequency quasiperiodic attractors to strange nonchaotic attractors; the other marks the transition from strange nonchaotic attractors to chaotic attractors. This suggests a possible route to chaos in two-frequency quasiperiodically forced systems: (three-frequency quasiperiodicity)..-->..(strange nonchaotic behavior)..-->..(chaos).


The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of 29 Triticum macha Dek.Et Men.are analyzed by SDS-PAGE method. Relatively high level of HMW-GS polymorphism is observed in T.macha. There are 9 subunits and 9 subunits combinations. At Glu-A1 locus, subunit null has the highest frequency (82.8%). At Glu-B1 locus, the frequencies of subunits 7+8 (53.3%) is the highest, followed by subunits 7+9 (23.3%). At Glu-D1 locus, the frequency of subunit 2+12 (82.8%) is the highest. The quality scores of these accessions range from 4 to 8, with the average of 6.2.


Abstract In the current study, boric acid loaded chitosan (CS) and collagen-based hydrogels were prepared. Hydrogels with four different boric acid concentrations were prepared; control hydrogel (without boric acid), and a hydrogel having boric acid 50 mg (B50), 250 mg boric acid (B250) and 500 mg boric acid (B500). Internal morphology of hydrogel was determined by performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Internal linkages of functional groups were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The pro-angiogenic potential of these materials was explored in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and 50 mg boric acid (B50) based hydrogel showed comparatively higher angiogenesis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A novel, multi-disciplinary approach is presented where experiments, system simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamics are combined for the electrical and thermal characterization of an air-cooled battery pack. As a case study, a Formula Student race car is considered and the procedure proposed consists of three steps: (1) experimental characterization of the battery cells under several thermal conditions; (2) thermal and electrical modeling of the battery stack with system simulation; (3) three-dimensional, time-dependent Conjugate Heat Transfer simulation of the whole battery pack to investigate the cooling performance of the chosen design, and to access fundamental quantities of the batteries, such as state of charge, temperature and ohmic heating. Future improvements of the current work are discussed, including the extension to a liquid-cooled design, battery aging consideration and model integration into a full vehicle system model.


Maximum use of solar spectrum is possible through the selection of suitable band gap material in a solar cell. Single junction hetero structure solar cell provides a better opportunity by opting different materials with different band gap in the preparation of such device. But the problem arises with the large lattice mismatch and band discontinuity among these materials, which drastically reduces the open circuit voltage $(\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{oc}})$ as well as the fill factor of the cell. In this work, band alignment engineering has been introduced for such type of problems. The device is simulated and verified using Silvaco TCAD suite. An extensive study is carried out in terms of SRH, radiative recombination and its effect on $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{oc}}$ of the cell for different band offset values. It is found that the reduction in band discontinuity improves the $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{oc}}$ of the device.


is incorrect. The correct subscript should be: koff = 0.025 s -1 The expression: ''Dn = 4.16 , e3,1 = 1.96 to reproduce [19] (Figure 5B insert). koff = 0.0063 s .'' is incorrect. The correction expression should be: ''Dn = 2.74, e3,1 = 2.31 to reproduce [19] (Figure 5A). kon = 0.0063s .'' In the Supporting Information Legends: In the legend for Figure S4, koff should be kon. In the legend for Figure S5, koff = 0.0013 s -1 should be kon = 0.0013 s.


In this paper we present the computer as a debug-tool for embedded real time systems. The debug-tool has a graphical user interface to set and view parameters. It also has a communication channel based on the serial interface to communicate with the appropriate hardware. The hardware consists of a FPGA with a debug-interface. In the FPGA, a softcore processor is implemented. Software and hardware latencies shall be measured with the debug-interface, to find sophisticated timing problems, which often cause problems in embedded control applications. The debug interface monitors all states and timings of the hardware and software under real time conditions. The computer can configure the debug-interface and set trigger-points to trigger special events, e.g. exceeded timing latencies for interrupt execution


Forty‐seven patients with thalassaemia have been studied to define risk factors for development of sensorineural hearing loss, and to establish guidelines for safe chelation. Sensorineural hearing loss was only present in patients who had previously received desferrioxamine (DFO). The two most significant risk factors were the maximum dose of DFO previously received (P < 0.01), and a serum ferritin of < 2000 μg/1 at that time (P < 0.001). A therapeutic index obtained from the ratio of the mean daily dose of DFO mg/kg divided by the serum ferritin identifies patients with a ratio of > 0.025 as at risk of sensorineural hearing loss (P < 0.001) and can be used as a guideline for safe DFO dosage. Follow‐up audiometry of the affected patients over a 2‐year period indicated that adjustment of the dose to a therapeutic index of < 0.025 resulted in the stabilization of hearing loss in seven patients and improvement in two.


Lightning stroke is the key problem for safe operation of UHV transmission line. Because of the large scale of the tower and the high operation AC voltage, the shielding design of tower became one of the most important aspects of the UHV transmission line design. This paper was based on the typical towers of China 1000 kV AC transmission line: waist-type single-circuit tower, cup-shape single-circuit tower and double-circuit tower. The lightning protection performance of all the three towers was calculated and analyzed with EGM and EMTP. The results show that the cup-shape tower performs best in the prevention of lightning shield failure while the waist-type tower performs worst. And in the prevention from back flashover, the lightning trip-out rate of the double-circuit tower is much bigger than waist-type tower and cup-shape tower, mostly because of its larger height. The lightning stroke trip-out rate of the three types of typical towers for 1000 kV transmission line were compared under different shield angles, ground slope angles and ground resistance. The results also indicate that the trip-out rate of all these types of UHV towers will rise obviously as the shield angle or ground slope angle gets larger.


According to computer statistics of Chinese character frequency,this article analyzes the situation of distribution of four categories of character construction in the bone inscriptions of Yin dynasty,the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou dynasty,the Chu bamboo slips and silk scripts of the warring states dynasty and the scripts of Qin dynasty.The article also explores many contents unknown on the structural development of Chinese characters before Qin dynasty.


Photograph of a close-up view of a book chopper in the Library Annex, at the University of North Texas. Book pages are lying under the chopping blade. Above the blade, there are pieces of paper attached to the top of the machine. A pair of glasses have been placed on the surface of the chopper, out of the way of the blade.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background Lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were approved as the promising agents for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the benefits of combining ICI with lenvatinib in sorafenib-experienced patients remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether the combination use of ICI and lenvatinib provides better survival than lenvatinib alone in advanced stage HCC patients. Methods From March 2018 to August 2019, a total of 53 unresectable HCC patients receiving lenvatinib were recruited. Treatment response was evaluated by dynamic image including computed tomography or MRI. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and predictors for survival were analyzed. Results Among the 53 patients, the median age was 67.2 years old, and 66.4% were male. Twenty-one patients had sorafenib-experienced history. Eighteen patients (34%) died with median follow-up duration of 8.1 months. Patient receiving lenvatinib had median OS of 16.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.1–23.7] months, and PFS of 7.23 (95% CI: 4.8–9.7) months. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade III (adjusted HR: 6.699, P = 0.0039) and the history of sorafenib treatment (adjusted HR: 4.476, P = 0.0457) were the independent predictive factor for OS. In sorafenib-experienced patients, those combined treated with ICI (N = 14) showed significantly better survival than monotherapy with lenvatinib (median: 12.8 vs 4.1 months, log-rank P = 0.008). Conclusion The ALBI grade and sorafenib treatment history were predictors for OS in HCC patients receiving lenvatinib. For sorafenib-experienced patients, combining ICI with lenvatinib achieved better OS than lenvatinib alone.


Contrary to its effects in the diseased heart, we recently discovered that estradiol (E2) unexpectedly exerts pro‐hypertrophic effects in the healthy heart of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of cardiac growth by E2 testing the hypothesis that estrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates these E2 effects. Female wild‐type (WT) C57Bl/6J and estrogen receptor α knockout (ERKO) mice were ovariectomized at two months old and were fed an E2‐containing or soy‐free (Ctrl) diet for three months (n = 5–6/group). E2 supplementation in OVX mice led to a lower body weight (15% decrease; P < 0.05) and a higher uterus‐to‐body‐weight ratio (5‐fold increase; P < 0.001) compared with Ctrl mice, but these E2 effects were abrogated in ERKO mice. E2 led to a higher heart‐to‐body‐weight ratio compared with WT Ctrl mice (20% increase; P < 0.05). Deletion of ERα abolished this cardiac effect of E2. The expression of three E2 target genes in the heart was significantly induced by E2 in WT mice compared with Ctrl, whereas in ERKO mice E2 had no effect on Act2, Igf1 and Myocd expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that E2 regulates body weight and exerts significant effects on cardiac growth and gene expression via an ERα‐dependent mechanism. Funding: EUGeneHeart (LSHM‐CT‐2005–018833)


Big data is a data with large size means it has large volume, velocity and variety. Now a day's big data is expanding in a various science and engineering fields. And so there are many challenges to manage and analyse big data using various tools. This paper introduces the big data and its Characteristic concepts and Next section elaborates about the Challenges in Big data. In Particular, wed discuss about the technologies used in big data Analysis and Which Tools are mainly used to analyse the data. As big data is growing day by day there are lot of application areas where we need to use any of the technology and tools discussed in paper. Mainly this paper focuses on the Challenges, Technologies, Tools and Applications used for big data Analysis.


A typical problem in an academic environment is trying to find the best set of courses to offer students in a given semester, taking into consideration which courses are needed by students, and the availability of instructors capable of teaching those classes. The optimal solution is to offer all courses that will allow all students to graduate in the minimum number of semesters. This allows students to finish their course-work quickly so that they can enter the work force and earn a living. The job of determining which courses to schedule (usually done by a department chairperson) requires information about the student-body needs and information about instructor availability/capability. The most difficult part of this process is to determine which instructors should teach which courses, and in which time-slots they should teach them, and still be able to satisfy all of the students. Selection of instructors is determined by the fact that an instructor knows the course material and that they are available to teach a given course. Instructors may have preferences as to what time of day they teach, or on which days of the week they would like to instruct the courses for which they are responsible. This paper presents a small set of software components-CourseScheduler, IApplet, and AdmValidatorApplet-which, when used together as a suite of tools will aid department-chairpersons in their scheduling process.


In 2011, health insurance in patients with thalassemia major help families of patients because thalassemia treatment cost is quite high. In the implementation of INA-CBGs there are some problems, one of which is related to the payment in which difference occurs between tariff of INA-CBGs with real cost.The aim of this research was to find out the extent of the difference between the real tariff and the tariff of INA-CBGs, factors that influence real cost and the description of the appropriateness of therapy towards the Jamkesmas inpatients with Thalassaemia at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.This was an analytical-observational research with of retrospective research design. The object of the research was the files of the inpatient claims and medical records of Jamkesmas patients with Thalassaemia in the period of April 2011 – March 2012 in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. The data analysis was conducted with one sample test to compare between the rate of the real cost and the INACBG's tariff. Meanwhile, the correlation test and the linear regression test were conducted to find out factors that influence the cost. The result of the research showed that a positive difference between the real cost and the tariff of INA-CBGs was IDR104.498.068 from 138 episodes of care. The average cost of healthcare for Thalassaemia based on the tariff of Sardjito Hospital at the severity level 1 was IDR1.058.823 + 591.923. The three most significant cost components included the blood bag, drugs or medical stuffs and accommodation/hospitalization cost. The result of the correlation test showed that the blood bag, drugs and medical stuffs, hospitalization/accommodation, clinical pathology examination and visite had a strong influence towards the real cost. Meanwhile, from the value of variable coefficients (B), it was known the order of variable that influence the real costs were visite, hospitalization/accommodation, blood bag, drugs and medical stuffs, and clinical pathology examination. From the analysis of the suitability of an indication, there were 5 drugs that are not consistent with the diagnosis of patients and one drug that was not appropriate for the patient. Keywords: INA-CBGs, Thalassaemia, cost, appropriateness of therapy


The paper presents a wideband V-band passive MMIC frequency doubler. It consists of input match circuit, two balanced diodes and a passive balun. The input match circuit is mainly consisted of parallel capacitor to ground, which could be taken as input match. Two balanced diodes are constructed by HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) where drain and source have been short-circuited. The passive balun adopts a novel, but very simple structure, which makes two-way signals attain 180° phase difference in a very wide frequency range. The doubler is simulated in ADS and is fabricated in the OMMIC process. The measurement results show that this doubler has relatively low conversion loss, about from 10dB to 13dB when input power level is bigger than 10dBm. The doubler also has favorable suppression over 1/2 and 3/2 spurs, which are better than 20dB, from 40GHz to 75GHz output frequencies. In addition, the doubler occupies little area, only 0.6mm2, and so saves much cost.


Dolphins have long had a treasured place in human culture. Throughout history many races, including the Greeks and Aborigines have revered and even worshipped them. The Greeks cited them as having special powers and unusual intelligence and they were considered a sailors' ally, many tales being told of them rescuing shipwrecked people. The Greek legend of Arion, musician and poet, tells how he was set upon by the crew of his ship and, as a last request, was allowed to play his lyre. The music attracted a pod of dolphins and, jumping overboard, Arion was rescued by them. Descriptions by Aristotle suggest that the Greeks knew that cetaceans were not fish. In fact dolphins, part of the sub-order Odontoceti (the toothed whales) in the order Cetacea, are mammals: they are warm-blooded, breathe air with lungs and give birth to live young which the mother suckles on milk secreted by her mammary glands(1). They are secondarily adapted from the terrestrial to the marine habitat and are believed to have evolved from small furry four-legged animals called creodonts (1). This essay is intended as a general introduction to dolphins and the Dolphincraft of Pern and will cover morphology, ecology and behavior of dolphins, specifically that of the dolphin species found on Pern. The second part of the essay covers dolphin traditions and behavior on Pern, including details of the ancient and modern Dolphincraft.


The reactions of the ammine-undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1−) anion with alkyl halides have been studied in detail. The degree of alkylation of the nitrogen was found to be dependent upon the steric demands of the alkyl groups. The derivatives were characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Four compounds were crystallized for single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The tetrahedral coordination of the nitrogen atom of the bis-alkylated derivatives was found to deviate towards planarity with increasing steric hindrance of the substitutents. - The syntheses, crystal structures, and spectral properties of four N-alkyl derivatives of [H3NB12H11]-, ammine—undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1−) (3), are reported. Alkylation of 3 with ethyl iodide was achieved in dimethyl sulfoxide using potassium hydroxide as base. This led to orthorhombic crystals of [N(nC4H94][(CH3CH2)3NB12H11] (4). The reaction of 3 with benzyl chloride resulted in the bisbenzylated product, isolated as triclinic crystals of [PPN][(C6H5CH2)2 NHB12H11] (5). The alkylation of 3 with 2-bromopropane gave a mixture of the mono- and bisalkylated products. The monoalkylated derivative [PPN][(CH3)2CH)NH2–12H11] (6, crystallized in the triclinic space group p1) and the bisalkylated product [PPN]{[(CH3)2NHB12H11) (7, monoclinic, P21./c) were separated on the basis of their different water solubilities. The solid-state structures of the compounds 4–7 revealed a slight distortion of the B12 icosahedron. The length of the B(1)–N(1) bond was found to be dependent on the steric requirements of the attached amine, e.g. primary amine < secondary amine < tertiary amine. This is demonstrated by the variation in the BN bond length; from 157.8(2) pm for 6, 158.5(5) pjm for 5, 160.0(3) pm for 7, to 163.7(6) pm for 4.


Records obtained by standard noise meters are beginning to be accepted by American courts as legal evidence in nuisance cases, but the legal definition of what constitutes a noise nuisance is not clear. Existing and possible principles and some leading cases will be discussed. Acoustical engineers might usefully work out and suggest certain physical or physiological principles which should underlie new legal definitions in line with modern methods of noise measurement.


Strong words and thoughtful analysis by leading-edge digital information scholars raise disturbing questions as well as optimistic celebration about journalism and mass communication education in the Symposium that follows. Several research articles, each blind reviewed by members of Educator's editorial board and individually accepted for publication, had in common inquiry and discovery involving digital information and media. As a result, I held them in a desktop folder, bundled them for this issue, and invited seven colleagues whose work on the processes, effects, and application of information technology is internationally recognized as authoritative and groundbreaking to contribute to Learning Reconsidered: Education in the Digital Age, a construction borrowed with reverence from Ernest Boyer. Boyer's Scholarship Reconsidered appeared in 1990, just about the time that computer network use reached critical mass, which is defined by diffusion of innovation scholar and Symposium participant Everett Rogers as "the point at which enough individuals adopt an innovation that its future adoption is self-sustaining." Boyer asked educators to do nothing less than reconsider the priorities of the professoriate. In addition to traditional research, Boyer called for the recognition and reward of three additional scholarships: a scholarship of integration that gives context and meaning to isolated discovery; a scholarship of application in which "social problems themselves define an agenda for scholarly investigation;" and a scholarship of teaching in which we take seriously the complexity of helping others to learn. The priorities of journalism and mass communication education underlie the responses of Symposium participants Helen Chen, Everette E. Dennis, Philip Meyer, John Pavlik, Larry Pryor, Everett Rogers, and S. Shyam Sundar. Their discussion invites careful reflection and reconsideration as individuals and as program faculties. What are the implications of digital technology for what we teach, for how we teach, and for how we view our charge as professional educators? Are we integrating digital discovery into the larger journalism and mass communication context, or allowing it to float isolated in stand-alone programs of new technology? Are we actively applying new technologies to issues of social consequence, or are we content with their exploitation as a more efficient means of information search and transmission? Are we embracing technology to make our pedagogies support the curriculum, or simply adding administrative efficiency to testing, grading and similar managerial functions? A review of the literature and disciplinary norms suggests that among Boyer's priorities of the professoriate, integration, application, and teaching have yet to reach critical mass. Entrenched priorities and practices continue to drive much of our curriculum and teaching. "Journalism education is being squeezed ever more tightly into the constraints of the craft model," says Symposium contributor Philip Meyer. He identifies the digitization of information as a primary cause and says that "learning the craft by emulating a journeyman isn't sufficient." Nor, writes USC Annenberg's Larry Pryor, can we educate for the new media by simply trying to build on the old and "by reproducing or linking to it. …


__Abstract__

Eye movements can be used as a tool for investigating neural mechanisms of both
sensory and motor deficits. Not only does the oculomotor system comprise the
entire transformation from sensory input to the generation of movement, also its
accessibility, its ability to learn and remember, and the exhibition of both voluntary
and reflexive behavior, make the oculomotor system a good diagnostic aid in
understanding sensory-motor pathologies. Furthermore, recording eye movements
generates data that are suitable for quantative analysis.
Eye movement behavior can be investigated in different ways. Obviously, movement
control can be analysed by looking at factors such as the timing, metrics and
dynamics of the movement. A more general high-level view is provided when the
planning of the movement is examined. Likewise, testing reflexive behavior in response
to sensory stimuli can offer information about how the sensory information
is being processed. Therefore, looking at eye movement behavior gives insight into
various aspects of the human mind. In this thesis we study visual search behavior
in subjects with Williams-Beuren syndrome and we analyse ocular reflexive behavior
in both whiplash injury patients and healthy controls.


Thermoplastic polyurethanes based on (a) of aromatic isocyanates and (b) isocyanate-reactive compounds having a molecular weight of 500 g / mol to 10000 g / mol and (c) chain extenders having a molecular weight of from 50 g / mol to 499 g / mol containing plasticizer, characterized in that the plasticizer (i) is the reaction product of an aliphatic isocyanate (ia) with polytetrahydrofuran (ib) and this product is an isocyanate-reactive compound.


This paper presents a new methodology to assist road management authorities make open, defendable and reliable decisions regarding the allocation of road space between competing demands. It focuses on the problem of allocating road space and time when providing priority to public transport services. The paper reviews previous approaches identifying three critical problems; the evaluation criteria used are simplistic and narrow, dynamic vehicle flow impacts are not usually considered and travel behavior modeling is limited. A new methodology which addresses each of these issues is presented. A specific application of the method to a difficult problem concerning priority for trams operating in congested mixed traffic conditions is presented.


Alcohol consumed by human clearly produced adverse health consequences. The effect of alcohol use appears to depend on the characteristics of the person consuming the alcohol in adolescence and young adulthood, emphasize is placed on increased rates of accidents and suicidal, mortality. In middle age, breast cancer risk and risk for developing osteoporosis and other discoursed. Use of alcohol along and in combination with psychoactive drugs present special problems for older women. Effect of alcohol is reviewed with respect to gender differences in cardiovascular, hepathlogical and neuropath logical as well as with respect to HIV/AIDS. Psychiatrist combidity and domestic violence and also discussed.


A study was conducted on the corrosion behavior and characteristics of the passive oxide film of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-(Co) shape memory stainless steels (SMSS) in a concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) solution, based on potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results indicated that Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-(Co) SMSSs exhibit a passive behavior similar to that of 304L austenitic stainless steel (304L SS). However, unlike 304L SS, their high silicon (Si) content renders them insensitive to intergranular attack in highly oxidizing environments. The XPS analysis also indicated that Si appears to be the main element responsible for the high protectiveness afforded by the passive film formed on Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–Co SMSS.


The invention includes hydro dispersion with thickeners, waxes and oils. The waxes and the total preparation have specific melting ranges that provide a pleasant, light sensory profile and good care effects.


For optical waveguides with high index-contrast and sharp corners, it is challenging to develop efficient, accurate and general full-vectorial mode solvers. The classical mode-matching method is capable of computing modes to high accuracy for waveguides with right-angle corners, but it is not convenient to implement when the waveguide has lossy components. Numerical variants of the mode-matching method, such as the Fourier modal method (as a mode solver), are simpler to implement. In this paper, a recently developed pseudospectral modal method for diffraction gratings is reformulated as a full-vectorial waveguide mode solver. As demonstrated in a number of examples, the method can be used to calculate waveguide modes to high accuracy, and it is relatively simple to implement.


Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are caused by a wide range of viruses and bacteria, however, produce similar symptoms. Routine molecular tests are not performed and empirical use of antibiotics in treating URTIs is a major public health concern. In attempt to unveil the diversity of upper respiratory tract pathogens in the community during COVID-19 pandemic, we have screened 153 nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients having flu like symptoms.
Materials and methods: We tested nasopharyngeal swabs by real-time multiplex PCR for 19 viruses and 3 bacteria using cartridge based rapid PCR platform.
Results: Of 153 patients sample tested, 103 (67.32%) had a laboratory-confirmed respiratory pathogen. Of the 153 swabs tested rhinovirus/enterovirus was found 25(16.34%), influenza 18(11.77%), RSV 13(8.5%), SARS-CoV2- 15(11.11%), other coronaviruses 11(7.19%), parainfluenza 16(10.45%), human metapneumovirus 8(5.23%). Out of 18 influenza cases influenza A was 17(11.12%) and influenza B was 1(0.65%). Among 17 influenza A viruses H1N1pdm09 strain was 9(5.88%), H3 was 5(3.27%). These data shows that even in COVID-19 pandemic period rhinovirus/ enterovirus and Influenza dominated over all other respiratory viruses and as a causative agent bacteria might play very insignificant role in URTIs.
Conclusion: Our data provides strong evidence against empiric antibiotic use for treating URTIs and highlights a strong need for improving the diagnostic capacity for URTIs by using more molecular testing in the country.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 256-261


In order to provide a sealing sheet capable of preventing same from falling off a suction collet during conveyancing, etc., and whereby semiconductor chips can be suitably buried, the sum α of a thickness t [mm] and a storage elastic modulus G' [Pa] at 50°C, for this sealing sheet, fulfils 300 ≤ α ≤ 1.5 × 10 5 .


Strain-induced bandgap tuning of 2D silicon-based photonic crystals is performed using a real-space computation of band structures. We have proved that the uniaxial tension mode is more effective for bandgap tuning than both pure and simple shear deformations. We further verify that these bandgap modifications rely on the deformation-induced distortion of interfaces between inclusions and matrix. Our numerical results strongly imply that the real-space technique is indispensable for the accurate calculation of strained photonic bandgap materials.


Nowadays, the definition and integration of the security measures within the communication network infrastructure from its early stages of design represents a common required task. This paper focus on the overall security architecture we designed for hybrid mesh networks (802.11 and 802.16). The main objectives of our security architecture are the authentication and authorization (AA) of devices/users for granting access to the connectivity services. We point out the main design security requirements we addressed and define our IEEE 802.1x-based security architecture. Thereafter, we present the preliminary validation results achieved to date.


Monte Carlo statistical mechanical computer simulations of the electric-field poling of second-order nonlinear optical chromophores, characterized by large dipole moments, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities, are presented. Such theoretical analysis is critical to defining the structure/function relationships that permit maximization of electro-optic activity for π-electron chromophore-containing polymeric materials. Polymeric electro-optic materials may, in turn, be important for high-bandwidth telecommunications, new forms of radar, and high-speed data processing. The experimentally observed maxima in plots of electro-optic activity versus chromophore number density (loading) in polymer matrices are theoretically reproduced, as are the shifts of the maxima to lower loading with increasing chromophore dipole moment. Modification of the chromophore shape to realize the maximum achievable electro-optic activity for a given π-electron structure is discussed, as is the role of polymer electrical perm...


Collagen modified acrylic fibre was prepared with collagen extracted from leather wastes as raw material which was grafted with acrylonitri le and mixed and spinned together with poly acrylonitrile. The mechanical proper ties of collagen modified acrylic fibre under different post-treatments were det ermined and the optimal parameters of post-treatment were obtained. The influenc e of collagen content on the mechanical properties of above fibre was also studi ed.


Cardiac catheterization is one of the most important way to examine the hemodynamics of a particular patient. In this technique, the whole part of the blood pressure waveforms can be captured and recognized by the cardiologist. These types of measurements are classified by the respiration and fluid filled in catheter, by means of this technique. By this, the measurement will be more accurate, when the artifacts in the waveforms has been removed. In this report we mainly focuses upon the effects of the respiratory artifacts in which the blood pressure signals can be accompanied during the process of catheterization. In this particular project, we use four methods, they are two adaptive filters, one wavelet based method and standard bandpass filters are determined. The blood pressure waveform includes systolic and diastolic pressures. All the above mentioned categories and its methods has been implemented in MATLAB and validated


High fiber diets with low fermentability reduce the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal diseases. In human and animal diets, grains and their by‐products are the main sources of fiber. Dietary fiber is fermented in the distal intestine resulting in the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) which have anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory effects, modulate the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cancer development and metastasis. Some of the beneficial effects of dietary fiber may be improved by increasing availability of some fiber compounds such as phenols, which can be achieved through supplementing with certain enzymes. Carbohydrases are currently used as dietary supplements to reduce the undesired effects of high fiber consumption in humans, and to increase nutrient digestibility in animal diets. In vitro studies have shown that the addition of exogenous enzymes increases the production of SCFA. However, it is unknown whether the addition of enzymes has an effect on the intestinal immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine the immune profile of the distal intestine of pigs fed high fiber diets with and without supplemental enzymes.


Abstract : Two interferometer stations were installed in the Eglin AFB ballistic range--a holographic and a common path interferometer. The latter was used in both dark central ground and field absorption modes. A theoretical development given for the common path instrument predicts an improved type of phase contrast interferometer with a half wave shifting filter instead of the quarter wave used in the past. Experimentally mentally measured interferograms were found to be in good agreement with synthetic interferograms calculated with data from a Navier- Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code.


Despite their humid environment, tropical rainforests are threatened by fires that negatively impact their ecological and economic value. However, fires in these ecosystems have been investigated to a far lesser degree compared with temperate or seasonally dry forests. We performed a bibliometric analysis to identify knowledge gaps in rainforest fire studies from 1981 to 2015. Through an analysis of the temporal and spatial research trends, we aimed to evaluate the main drivers that motivate investigations in this field of study. In total, we recorded 366 publications in indexed journals. Approximately 60% of these studies were conducted in four countries. The number of publications tended to increase after El Niño years. A word co-occurrence network revealed a strong relationship between land use change and fires and the role of fire in agricultural and ecosystem traits. We conclude that socioeconomic drivers, deforestation, and global climate change should be considered to gain a better understanding of the occurrence of forest fires. Further studies should include the cause, intensity, and recurrence of fires, since they determine the effects of fire on the soil and biota (fire severity). The spatiotemporal patterns of forest fires require further study to develop strategies for good agricultural production and to predict successional routes after fires. These identified gaps in the research on forest fires could guide decision-making toward the prevention of further fire expansion or at least to reduce its negative effects in tropical rain forests.


Ten percent of all injuries to railroad employees involves the use of tools, and almost half of these are associated with non-powered hand tools and torso sprains. This study focused on the effects of tool design and method of use on low back stress and performance.


Significance UV-B is a key component of sunlight. In plants, UV-B is perceived by the photoreceptor protein UVR8. Along with regulating photoprotective responses, UV-B dramatically inhibits stem elongation. Here we show how UV-B regulates plant architecture, using the agriculturally important shade avoidance response. When grown in dense stands, plants use reflected far-red light signals from neighbors to detect the threat of shading. In many species, these signals drive rapid elongation responses to overtop competitors. UV-B perceived by UVR8 provides a potent sunlight signal that inhibits shade avoidance. UVR8 activation stimulates multiple pathways that converge to block biosynthesis of the plant growth hormone auxin. Understanding how UV-B regulates plant architecture is central to our understanding of plant growth and development in sunlight. Plants detect different facets of their radiation environment via specific photoreceptors to modulate growth and development. UV-B is perceived by the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). The molecular mechanisms linking UVR8 activation to plant growth are not fully understood, however. When grown in close proximity to neighboring vegetation, shade-intolerant plants initiate dramatic stem elongation to overtop competitors. Here we show that UV-B, detected by UVR8, provides an unambiguous sunlight signal that inhibits shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis thaliana by antagonizing the phytohormones auxin and gibberellin. UV-B triggers degradation of the transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 5 and stabilizes growth-repressing DELLA proteins, inhibiting auxin biosynthesis via a dual mechanism. Our findings show that UVR8 signaling is closely integrated with other photoreceptor pathways to regulate auxin signaling and plant growth in sunlight.


This study explored the relationships among children's ability to control impulsive behaviors, academic motivation, and academic performance. Results showed that, as early as when children are in kindergarten and first grade, their ability to control impulsiveness and their academic motivation both positively influence academic performance. However, academic motivation does not mediate between children's ability to control impulsiveness and their academic performance. Different aspects of children's self-concepts (social competence and academic competence) are closely associated with each other, but academic motivation does not influence that association. Data were extracted from a national database—the Early Childhood Longitudinal StudyKindergarten Class of 1998-99.


Viral infection of the genital tract in women of reproductive age leads to background and precancerous cervical diseases and accompanied by the development of immunopathological reactions. An examination of 100 patients of reproductive age with genital viral infection was found credible general immunity disorders that manifestated changes its humoral with higher levels of Ig G, Ig M and Ig A and cell imbalance by reducing the level of T-helper cells and natural killer cells and a significant increase the number of T-suppressors. To analyze changes in the above parameters of the immune system in patients administered a comprehensive treatment of genital viral infection using antiviral immunomodulator Kagocel and ozone therapy. After treatment was diagnosed normalization of humoral and cellular immune response units total in all patients treated with the proposed method as opposed to conventional therapy. High efficiency appointment Kagocel and ozone therapy in the treatment of genital viral infection in women of reproductive age was proven.


Dyslipidemia is the most common modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is unequivocal evidence that Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main culprit. Statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/ Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are used to target LDL-C. Statin is always utilized as the first line therapy and they decrease LDL-C by approximately 1 mmol/l (40 mg/dL). If the LDL goals are not achieved ezetimibe is used and this decreases LDL-C by 15-20%. Bempedoic acid can also be utilized to lower LDL-C before initiating PCSK9 inhibitors but this is not available in India as yet. PCSK9 inhibitors decrease LDL-C by 1 to 1.5 mmol/l (40-60 mg/dL) on top of all lipid lowering therapy and with this very low LDL-C level targets of < 55 or even < 40 mg/dL can be achieved in very high risk patient. After the LDL-C goal is achieved, non HDL-C is targeted if the triglycerides (TG) levels are above 200 mg/dL. Targeting HDL-C with drugs is not recommended because all trials of HDL-C elevating drugs on top of statins have been negative. The role of TG has a causal factor for ASCVD is still in the process of evolution. Icospent ethyl in REDUCE IT trial has shown reduction in ischemic cardiovascular events in patients with established CVD or diabetics with other risk factors on statins and elevated TG between 135-499 mg/dL. but the mechanism of benefit does not seem to be related to lowering of TG because the benefit was similar in subgroup of patients with TG > 150 <150 mg/dL. Inclisiran which blocks the synthesis of PCSK9 is emerging as very exciting molecule for the future. It decreases LDL-C by 50% which remains there for six months after a single injection of 300 mg.


. WebAssembly is a new technology that allows web developers to run native C/C++ on a webpage with near-native performance and therefore much faster than typical JavaScript applications. Currently supported by the most popular browsers, WebAssembly brings implica-tions for the web platform since it enables more complex client apps to run on the browser. The compact binary format, performance, and safety mechanisms present in the language led it to be used beyond the browser platform, being employed in the context of server-side runtimes, IoT platforms and edge computing. However, in spite of its benefits, WebAssembly technology brings some security concerns attached. In particular, vulnerabilities from C and C++ such buffer overflows can be imported to WebAssembly. The goal of this project is to design and implement a new tool that can statically find vulnerabilities in WebAssembly code. Our approach is to use code property graphs (CPGs), a program representation that has been successfully applied to the detection of vulnerabilities in high-level languages. We propose to adopt this representation into the realm of WebAssembly programs.


The Nuclear Reactor Safety (NRS) has been established since the discovery of nuclear fission, and the occurrence of accidents in Nuclear Power Plants worldwide has contributed for its improvement. The Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) must contain complete information concerning safety of the plant and plant site, and must be seen as a compendium of NRS. The FSAR integrates both the licensing requirements and the analytical techniques. The analytical techniques can be applied by using a realistic approach, addressing the uncertainties of the results. This work aims to show an overview of the main analytical techniques that can be applied with a Best Estimated Plus Uncertainty (BEPU) methodology, which is "the best one can do", as well as the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle. Moreover, the paper intends to demonstrate the background of the licensing process through the main licensing requirements.


The framework of a kind of noncanonical warm inflation is introduced, and the dynamical equations of this scenario are presented. We propose the slow roll approximations and give some redefining slow roll parameters in this scenario which remain dimensionless. Performing systemic stability analysis, we calculate the slow roll conditions to guarantee that slow roll approximations hold. The slow roll conditions suggest slow roll inflation in general noncanonical warm inflationary scenario can still exist, and in addition, the slow roll approximations are more easily to be satisfied. Then, a concrete Dirac-Born-Infeld warm inflationary model is studied.


Resonant-saturation spectroscopy has been carried out in both the V configuration and the inverted-V configuration in fast, accelerated atom beams of Ne I* and Ca I*. Hole (peak) creation in the velocity distributions are shown to yield resonances Doppler free to first order in a collinear geometry, which allows high spectral stability and resolution. Wave numbers for three optical transitions in /sup 20/Ne are reported.


Multilayer Graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) are emerging as prominent future material for chip interconnects owing to their simple fabrication process and equivalent performance to CNTs. This paper presents performance analysis of MLGNR based interconnects on equivalent single-conductor (ESC) model for local/intermediate and global level of chip interconnects at 13.4 and 21 nm technology nodes. The number of conducting channel variations with Fermi energy and interconnect width are analyzed first. The performance of metallic armchair (AC) and Zig-Zag (ZZ) based MLGNR interconnects is computed employing equivalent single conductor (ESC) model in terms of delay, average power consumption, and power-delay product (PDP). The computed results for metallic armchair and Zig-Zag MLGNR are compared against Copper based interconnects. It is observed that MLGNRs offer significantly improved delay ratio, average power reduction, and lower PDP values than copper based interconnects.


It is complex and inefficient to collect the information and to analyze data of narcotic and psychotropic drugs. For this reason, "the administrative information system of narcotic and psychotropic drugs using computer IC card" has been developed and applied, which improves the efficiency and strictness of administration and accomplishes the narcotic and psychotropic drugs' administration scientifically.


It is well established that morphological characters vary among the individuals of a species, though the extent of variation may differ. The variations may be geographical, ecophenotypic or host induced. Several workers have studied these variations in different species of nematodes (Goodey, 1952; Rhode and Jenkins, 1957; Bird and Mai, 1965; Fisher, 1965; De Grisse and Loof, 1970; Bajaj and Jairajpuri, 1977 a and b; Geraert, 1978 a and b; 1979; Loof and Sharma, 1979; Baqri and Ahmad, 1981). Studies on Parahadronchlls shakili (Jairajpuri, 1969) Mulvey, 1978 have shown that there are variations in the specimens, not only from different localities and habitats but also in a single population. In this paper, these variations in a single natural population in adults and juveniles of P. shakili collected from soil around roots of Litchi chinensis Sonn Company Gardens, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh have been statistically analysed.


The efficacy and acceptability of 5 mg nebivolol once daily, a long-acting, vasodilating cardioselective β blocker that additionally facilitates the L-arginine/nitric oxide system, was assessed in a double-blind, randomized trial in comparison with 20 mg nifedipine retard twice daily in patients with essential hypertension. At 2 weeks of treatment, nebivolol was significantly more effective. Thereafter, both drugs effectively and similarly lowered systolic and diastolic pressures without orthostatic effect. Nebivolol had a trough-to-peak antihypertensive effect ratio of 90%. Nifedipine gave the expected side effects of headache, flushing, and edema. Nebivolol was well tolerated. Nebivolol slightly but significantly lowered heart rate. Neither drug adversely affected plasma levels of lipids.


We examine a physical process that leads to the efficient formation of gas giant planets around intermediate-mass stars. In the gaseous protoplanetary disks surrounding rapidly accreting intermediate-mass stars, we show that the midplane temperature (heated primarily by turbulent dissipation) can reach ≳ 1000 K out to 1 AU. The thermal ionization of this hot gas couples the disk to the magnetic field, allowing the magnetorotational instability (MRI) to generate turbulence and transport angular momentum. Further from the central star the ionization fraction decreases, decoupling the disk from the magnetic field and reducing the efficiency of angular momentum transport. As the disk evolves toward a quasi-steady state, a local maximum in the surface density and in the midplane pressure both develop at the inner edge of the MRI-dead zone, trapping inwardly migrating solid bodies. Small particles accumulate and coagulate into planetesimals which grow rapidly until they reach isolation mass. In contrast to the situation around solar-type stars, we show that the isolation mass for cores at this critical radius around the more-massive stars is large enough to promote the accretion of significant amounts of gas prior to disk depletion. Through this process, we anticipate a prolific production of gas giants at ∼1 AU around intermediate-mass stars.


Altruism is regarded as worth encouragement by public policy. However, altruism is rarely universal, directed at people in general or to the needy in particular. The vast majority of donors give most of the money to organizations that serve people like them in terms of religion, ethnicity, class, culture, etc. Only about one-third of donations go to the needy. This giving pattern: (1) deepens in-group loyalty and out-group enmity and (2) strengthens economically organizations that are in- group oriented. This has a negative effect on intergroup relations, exacerbates fractionalization and polarization in society, and reduces the level of useful cooperation and trust among individuals who belong to different groups, which in turn has negative economic, political and social consequences. Public financial support in the form of tax advantages for charitable donations and the tax advantages enjoyed by nonprofit organizations supported by these donations should be reconsidered.


Abstract : This narrative recounts the operational history of XIXth Panzer Corps' advance from 10 to 15 May 1940. Its primary focus is directed at the breakthrough at Sedan. The political and military situations influencing the decision makers of the German Army General Staff and the development of the campaign plan are analyzed in an attempt to provide an understanding for the rationale of the mission, deployment, and employment of XIXth Panzer Corps' and its subordinate units. A discussion of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's recommendations and operational concept clarifies his instrumental role in the development of the final campaign plan. Traffic control, Special Operations Forces, and innovative Aerial Resupply concepts are investigated for their fusion into the Air Land Battle concept of this mobile warfare operation. This narrative furnishes a complete account of the daily operations of XIXth Panzer Corps' leaders, men, and equipment. It provides a unique observation of the corps' staff in its daily evaluation of the operational situation, intelligence reports, the logistic situation, and an endless friction with the next higher headquarters. Lastly, this narrative demonstrates the effectiveness of a well trained, equipped armored corps, commanded by leaders who are fully cognizant of their mission, the commanders aim, and the overall operational concept. (Theses) . (fr)


serves to be considered one of the great achievements of the twentieth century. The basic principle of this reconstruction, however, leaves a widespread sense of unease, resting as it does on a compromise between the practical need (one might almost call it a romantic desire) to have a "complete" text and the methodological awareness that in almost no case did those texts ever exist as reconstructed.' Nor is it often the case, however, that we have multiple sources of a single composition that are well enough preserved to enable us to read the versions against each other, and to date no attempt has been made to take advantage of the exceptions. The present paper2 offers an initial attempt to remedy this situation, by examining the interrelationships of several avatars of the Ur-Namma hymn known elsewhere as "The Coronation of Ur-Nammu" or "Ur-Namma D.' In the following pages this text will be referred to by its incipit, Aba munbale, "who will dig it?" Our sources evidence three traditions of Aba munbale.3 The first is the unprovenanced one-column exercise tablet from Yale, or the Yale tradition as it will be called here.4 The second, the Ur tradition,5 is composed of two one-column exercise tablets from Ur preserving the same text as each other, but with some variations in spelling.6 The third is the Nippur tradition, again evidenced by two pieces that preserve the same text as each other, though this time on different types of tablet; one a single-column exercise text, the other a two-column collective tablet.7 The text


INTRODUCTION Although the l i terature dealing with formal and natural languages abounds with theoretical arguments of worstcase performance by various parsing strategies [e.g. , Grif f i ths & Petrick, 1965; Aho & Ullman, 1972; Graham, Harrison & Ruzzo, Ig80], there is l i t t l e discussion of comparative performance based on actual practice in understanding natural language. Yet important practical considerations do arise when writ ing programs to understand one aspect or another of natural language utterances. Where, for example, a theorist wi l l characterize a parsing strategy according to i ts space and/or time requirements in attempting to analyze the worst possible input acc3rding to ~n arbi t rary grammar s t r i c t l y l imited in expressive power, the researcher studying Natural Language Processing can be jus t i f ied in concerning himself more with issues of practical performance in parsing sentences encountered in language as humans Actually use i t using a grammar expressed in a form corve~ie: to the human l inguist who is writ ing i t . Moreover, ~ r y occasional poor performance may be quite acceptabl:, part icular ly i f real-time considerations are not invo~ed, e.g., i f a human querant is not waiting for the answer to his question), provided the overall average performance is superior. One example of such a situation is o f f l ine Machine Translation.


The comprehensive analyses are presented in the model with the inverted mass hierarchy for neutrinos, which follows from a geometrical structure of a (1+5) dimensional space-time where two extra dimensions are compactified on the T{sup 2}/Z{sub 3} orbifold. The model gives two large lepton flavor mixings due to the S{sub 3} structure in the (1+5) dimensional space-time. It also predicts the lightest neutrino mass as m{sub 3}=(1-50)x10{sup -5} eV and the effective neutrino mass responsible for neutrinoless double beta decays as {sub ee}{approx_equal}50 meV. The low energy CP violation, J{sub CP} could be 0.02. On the other hand, the observed baryon asymmetry in the present universe is produced by the nonthermal leptogenesis, which works even at the reheating temperature T{sub R}=10{sup 4}-10{sup 6} GeV. The correlation between the baryon asymmetry and the low energy CP violation is examined in this model.


Density functional theory has been used to investigate the mechanism and kinetics of the liquid-phase, oxidative carbonylation of toluene to p-toluic acid (C 7 H 8 + CO + 1/2O 2 → p-C 7 H 6 COOH + H 2 O) catalyzed by Rh(III) cations. In toluene solution containing trifluoroacetic acid and dissolved CO, Rh(III) is coordinated to three trifluoroacetate (TFA) anions and two CO molecules as Rh(CO) 2 (TFA) 3 . The oxidative carbonylation of toluene is initiated by the addition of toluene across one of the Rh-O bonds of Rh(CO) 2 (TFA) 3 to form (C 7 H 7 )Rh-(CO) 2 (TFAH)(TFA) 2 . The latter species undergoes isomerization and CO migration to produce (C 7 H 7 CO)-Rh(CO)(TFAH)(TFA) 2 , which then coordinates another molecule of CO. The mixed anhydride of toluic and tirfluoroacetic acid, C 7 H 7 C(O)O(O)CCF 3 and Rh(CO) 3 (TFA), are produced by reductive elimination from (C7H7CO)Rh(CO)2(TFAH)(TFA)2. Para-toluic acid is then formed by hydrolysis of C 7 H 7 C(O)O(O)CCF 3 . The proposed reaction mechanism explains many of the observations reported in our previous experimental work (Zakzeski, J. J.; Bell, A. T. J. Mol. Catal. A 2007, 276, 8) and, in particular, the effect of temperature on the ratio of p- to m-toluic acid, the effects of H 2 O and the partial pressure of CO on the loss of catalyst activity, and the effect of Rh concentration on the formation of a catalytically inactive Rh dimer species.


This study aims to determine the contribution of leg power and arm power to jumping smash in badminton extracurricular students at MA Nurul Falah Airmesu Timur. The problem in this study is "Does leg power and arm power have a contribution to badminton jumping smash in badminton extracurricular students at MA Nurul Falah Airmesu Timur?" The population of this study were all badminton extracurricular students at MA Nurul Falah Airmesu Timur, totaling 17 students. Total sampling technique is the technique used for sampling in this study (ie the technique of determining the sample if the entire population is sampled) with a total of 17 badminton extracurricular students at MA Nurul Falah. The variables of this study consisted of leg power, arm power, and jumping smash.


During the past summer numerous inquiries were received by Professor Elford, Dominion Poultry Husbandman, Experimental Farm, Ottawa, with regard to an apparently infectious disease appearing among ducks. So frequent and insistent were the appeals for aid in this connection that the co-operation of the Health of Animals Branch was requested. This resulted in an investigation being undertaken to ascertain the clinical nature of the disease; to demonstrate, if possible, the cause; and also institute measures for its prevention.


The article summarizes the short story of a particular scholarly contest addressed to the high school students in Poland. Its theme is the general knowledge of the African continent, from the cultural, sociological, economical, historical and religious point of view. Each edition of the contest had its leading subject. The event met over the past 12 years with great interest among young students across the country and at its central stage in Warsaw was accompanied by various cultural activities aimed at better acquaintance with the richness of the African cultures.


Is your file cabinet full, yet you still have additional boxes of receipts, bank statements, and other financial papers? Are you afraid to throw out financial documents? Or do you throw everything away? No matter what your circumstances, it is important to keep some documents and shred others. Simple organization takes a minimal amount of effort and will help keep the documents you need and get rid of the papers you don't need. Here are a few guidelines that will help you organize your personal finance papers.


Volume 1 • Issue 2 • 1000e104 J Pollut Eff Cont ISSN: JPE, an open access journal The phenomenon known as a mass extinction occurred five times in the Earth's history. It is a widespread and rapid (in geological scale) decrease in the amount of life on earth as a result of the global response to environmental factors. Every time some 10 million years continued restoration of biodiversity on the planet. Currently, the Earth takes sixth mass extinction, called the Pleistocene-Holocene Event. For the first time it is caused by one of the living species – Homo sapiens [1].


For more than three decades, Wang Anyi has been at the forefront of China's literary scene. Her novels The Song of Everlasting Sorrow, Love in a Small Town, and Brocade Valley have been regarded as classics of contemporary Chinese fiction. Moving beyond her fiction, this literary conversation took place before a class of two hundred university students at the University of California, Santa Barbara on May 12, 2016. The discussion begins with Wang's formative years and discusses her influences, her experiences during the Cultural Revolution period through the early Reform Era, and her views on the contemporary Chinese literary scene.


The objective of this study was to investigate the components and nutritional quality of red-tanner crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) paste in order to explore possibility for food processing source such as surimi gel containing crab paste. Yield of crab paste was from whole body after crushing and dehydrating. Crude protein contents of crab paste was lower than that of crab muscle, but fat and ash contents of paste were higher than of crab muscle, respectively. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of the crab paste was lower than those of the edible parts. Total amino acid content (9,497mg/l00g) of paste was lower than that (12,980mg/100g) of muscle. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and leucine were the predominant amino acids in the protein fraction. The calcium content (6,539mg/l00g) was higher than those of phosphorus (579mg/100g), and potassium (793mg/100g) while manganese and iron were present in trace amounts. Major fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and no difference of composition between paste and muscle. Sensory evaluation showed that scores of color and flavor of substituted surimi gel increased significantly when compared to surimi gel without crab paste (p