Two fungal species which degrade the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) folimat, phoxim, methamidsohphos and glyphosate were isolated and their biodegradation pathways were explored. Cell morphology analysis and ITS rRNA gene sequencing showed that the strains as Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) E. Cohn) (ZHJ8) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries (ZHJ10). Both strains needed an external carbon source to degrade OPs, and ZHJ8 could use ethanol. Both strains could utilise nitrogen and phosphorus from OPs, both preferred to grow in acidic conditions, and both could degrade OPs efficiently at room temperature. The isolated strains could tolerate and degrade 2000 mg/l of methamidophos. Optimal conditions for methamidophos degradation by ZHJ8 were pH 5.0 5.5, 30C, and 1.5% glucose, while pH 4.0 4.5, 25C, and 1% glucose were optimal for ZHJ10. Based on the structure of the pesticides and the results of GC-MS, a possible biodegradation pathway was proposed. Introduction Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have been widely used for pest control. Thousands of organophosphorus compounds have been synthesized and screened of which over 100 marketed as pesticides on the basis of their low cost, easy synthesis, improved biodegradability and limited accumulation in living organisms. However, some OPs are highly toxic, and their residues in soil affect microbial activity and pose a threat to insects and mammals, including humans. OP contamination of ground and surface water is widespread and a significant water quality concern (Diez 2010). OPs are among the most commonly found organic impurities in the environment and food products (Mohammad et al. 2015). In order to avoid the adverse impacts of OPs on human health, effective means to remove OP residues have been extensively studied. A number of methods, such as solar photocatalytic oxidation (Ahmad et al. 2015), catalytic oxidation (Mark et al. 2014), sonication (Pankaj et al. 2015), irradiation degradation (Yang et al. 2015) and biodegradation, have been developed to remove organophosphorus contamination from the environment. Among these techniques, biodegradation is an efficient, cost-effective environmental friendly process that is currently being investigated for a wide variety of chemical pollutants. Maya et al. (2011) studied the degradation of chlorpyrifos by bacterial communities comprising seven different isolates of pseudomonas, agrobacterium and bacillus strains (Shamsa et al. 2014). Bacterial and fungal degradation of OPs only attracted interest in last two decades. The mechanism of fungal biodegradation of OPs is less established. Despite this, the characteristics of fungi, including high specific bioactivity and/or growth morphology, suggests filamentous fungi are better potential OP degraders than bacteria (Mollea et al. 2005). Zhao et al. (2010) isolated a *Author for correspondence: . 1046 YUANYUAN et al. Penicillium oxalicum strain that could degrade high concentrations of methamidophos, while Ramadev et al. (2012) reported high biodegradation of malathion by a filamentous fungus of Aspergillus. Insecticides can affect the population and activity of beneficial microbial communities in soils, and continuous application of pesticides can influence microbial populations (Rachna et al. 2015). Pesticide treatment resulted in short-lived transient toxic effects on soil microbial biomass carbon, which increased over time in biopesticide-treated soil and stimulated agricultural production (Sonia and Sakshame 2013). Recently, some workers have reported that filamentous fungi act synergistically with bacteria to enhance the degradation of pollutants by transforming them into an easier form for bacteria to degrade, thereby helping bacteria to metabolise otherwise inaccessible pollutants (EllegaardJensen et al. 2014). It is therefore important to take advantage of the biodegrading capabilities of fungi, which have the ability to degrade a wide range of environmental contaminants (Oliveira et al. 2015). Strains that tolerate and degrade highly toxic pesticides have enormous environmental benefit. In the present work, two fungi (Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) E. Cohn) ZHJ8 and Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries) ZHJ10 were isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil by selective pressure of methamidophos, a water-soluble and highly toxic pesticide. The level of influence and optimal conditions for fugal degradation of pesticides were explored. The biodegradation pathway of methamidophos degradation was also investigated. Materials and Methods Soil samples were collected from nine pesticide factories in Baoding and Cangzhou Cities, Hebei province, China. Inorganic salt medium-1 (ISM-1) and inorganic salt medium-2 (ISM-2) were the basic media used in this study and consisted of the following: ISM-1 = 0.5 g/l K2HPO4, 0.5 g/l K2HPO4, 0.2 g/l MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2 g/l NaCl, 0.1 g/l CaCl2, 4.0 × 10 g/l MnSO4·H2O, and 2.0 × 10 g/l FeCl3·6H2O; ISM-2 = 0.5 g/l KCl 0.50, 0.5 g/l MgSO4·7H2O, 1.0 × 10 g/l FeSO4, 1.0×10 g/l CaCl ·H2O 1, and 1.0×10 g/l MnCl2·2H2O (Li and Zhong, 1999). Gause's No. 1 Medium without carbon bource (GMCS) and Czapek's medium without carbon source (CMCS) were used to screen and isolate the strains and consisting of the following: GMCS = 20 g/l agar, 1 g/l KNO3, 0.5 g/l K2HPO4, 0.5 g/l MgSO4 . 7H2O, 0.5 g/l NaCl, and 1.0 × 10 g/l FeSO4; CMCS = 20 g/l agar 20, 2 g/l NaNO3, 1 g/l K2HPO4, 0.5 g/l KCl, 0.5 g/l MgSO47H2O, and 1.0 × 10 g/l FeSO4. Enrichment culture medium (ECM) and nutrient solid agar medium (NA) were used to enrich and isolate OPs-degrading strains. ECM was prepared by adding an appropriate volume of methamidophos to ISM-2. NA was obtained by adding 2% methamidophos and 2% agar to ISM-2. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used to incubate the OPs-strains. The ingredients (per 100 ml) were 20 g white potato, 4 g agar, 2 g glucose, and 1.0×10 g methamidophos (Zhao et al. 2010). Mixed soil samples (2.5 g) were transferred to a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ECM (with 100 mg/l methamidophos) and incubated at 30C on a rotary shaker at 180 rpm. After 7 days of incubation, 10 ml aliquot was transferred to another 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml fresh ECM (with 200 mg/l of methamidophos) and incubated in the same conditions. This incubation process was repeated 15 times in which fresh ECM contained 100 mg/l more methamidophos than the previous incubation, so that the final concentration of methamidophos was 1500 mg/l. After incubation, 2 ml aliquot was transferred to two NA plates, two CMCS plates and two GMCS plates, and plates were divided into two groups (one CMCS, BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDES 1047 NA and GMCS plate in each group). One group was incubated at 37C and the other at 30C. After 3 days of incubation, pure colonies appeared on the plates, were isolated as potential OPdegrading strains. Morphological properties were investigated using light microscopy (XSP-BM16C No. 6, Shanghai Optical Instruments, Shanghai, China). Identification was performed using ITS rRNA gene sequencing. Total DNA was extracted from fungal cells by milling with liquid nitrogen (Li et al. 2008). Fragments containing the ITS region were amplified using genomic DNA as template and a TaKaRa Fungi Identification PCR Kit (TaKaRa Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Dalian China). ZHJ8 and ZHJ10 ITS rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with forward and reverse primers (TaKaRa Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Dalian China). Reactions were performed in 50 l mixtures containing 50 ng genomic DNA, 0.5 l ITS forward primer, 25 l PCR premix, 0.5 l ITS reverse primer, and double distilled water. Amplification was typically performed in a DNA Engine Thermal cycler (PTC-200, BIO-RAD, USA) with a 4 min denaturation step at 94C, followed by 30 cycles of 94C for 5 min, primer annealing for 1 min at 52C, extension for 1 min at 72C, and a final elongation step for 7 min at 72C. PCR products were sequenced by TaKaRa Biotechnology (Dalian) and deposited in the GenBank database. Alignment with different ITS rRNA gene sequences from Gen Bank was performed using MEGA version 5.2 software. A phylogenetic tree was built using the neighbour joining method. Each dataset was bootstrapped 1,000 times. Experiment I: Methamidophos was dissolved in ISM-2 at a final concentration of 1000 mg/l, where methamidophos was the sole carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen source. Experiment II: Methamidophos and glucose were dissolved in ISM-2 at a final concentration of 1000 mg/l and 1%, respectively, where glucose and methadiphos served as a carbon source, but only methamidophos provided a phosphorous and nitrogen source. Experiment III: Methamidophos and glucose were dissolved in ISM-1 at a final concentration of 1000 mg/l and 1%, respectively, where glucose and methadiphos served as a carbon source, and only methamidophos provided nitrogen source. Experiment IV: Methamidophos and sodium nitrate were dissolved in ISM-2 at a final concentration of 1000 mg/l and 1%, respectively, where only methamidophos provided a carbon source. Other carbon or nitrogen sources including methanol, ethanol, glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, starch, dextrin, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and ammonium sulfate were also added to 45 ml of ISN-1 at a final concentration of 1%. Liquid medium was inoculated with 5 ml spore suspension at 30C. Medium containing 5 ml boiled dead spore suspension was used as a control. All experimental procedures were carried out four times. Methamidophos (50 mg), 5 g of glucose and 5 ml spore suspension (6 × 10 spore/ml) was added to 45 ml of ISM-1, and the effect of pH (3.5, 4.0, 4.5. 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0, adjusting with 0.01 M NaOH or HCl) on the biodegradation of methamidophos was investigated. The effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35C) was also investigated with the initial concentration of methamidophos of 250, 500, 1000, 1250, 1500 and 20


Introduction: Previous studies have shown that exercise enhances cognitive and functional capacities in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term (60 days) and short- term (10 days) exercise on the spatial memory deficits in an animal model of AD. Methods: Fifty male rats were divided into 5 groups; 1) intact, 2) sham, 3) sham-Alzheimer 4) Alzheimer-short term exercise and 5) Alzheimer-long term exercise. For spatial task evaluation, all groups were tested 5 days in a repeated-acquisition Morris water maze (MWM) tank task, and then tested in a probe trial, in which no escape platform was present, 1 week and 1 month later. Alzheimer's disease was induced by bilateral lesioning of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats and they were checked by MWM task. Alzheimer-short term exercise and Alzheimerlong term exercise groups were trained in treadmill and then were tested for 1 session in MWM tank task. Results: Analysis of data showed that the time spent in the goal zone of the MWM tank during the 60 sec probe trial were significantly different in sham and Alzheimer groups (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in memory before and after short term exercise (p<0.001) and long term exercise (p<0.001) in Alzheimer groups. Conclusion : These data suggest that short-term and long-term treadmill running exercise improved spatial memory deficits in an animal model of AD.


This paper applied the use of Java programming language to create a program named Java Earthquake Program (JEP) used to forecast the next earthquake in Indonesia. The 133 earthquake events from United States Geological Survey (USGS) occurred in the period of 1954 to 2012 were used to build the program. Three probabilistic models were used to model the earthquake data in Indonesia which are normal, gamma, and beta distributions. The goodness fit tests result from Java earthquake program (JEP) confirmed that gamma distribution is reliable to model the earthquake data in Indonesia. The calculation result of maximum conditional probability from JEP indicated that the next earthquake will be occurred on the date range of August 27, 2012 to February 19, 2013 with Mw ≥ 5.0. This exactly confirmed that JEP is reliable to predict the earthquake recurrence time in Indonesia.


Using avalanche transistors, a trigger unit capable of producing several kilovolts in 25 nanoseconds—total risetime—has been constructed. We have used such a circuit to drive a nitrogen laser, resulting in a substantial decrement of the delay time between trigger signal input and the attainment of lasing which is common in commercial lasers. The minimum delay obtained is only limited by the switching time of the thyratron employed. In addition, the ±2 ns jitter of the commercial laser has been reduced to ±0.4 ns using the circuits here described. In order to effect a high degree of reliability, special attention was given to ''burn‐in'' and selection of the avalanche transistors.


Patient noncompliance in meal planning is one of the obstacles in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This activity can be achieved with the participation or the participation of the family. More specific study in patients with diabetes mellitus found that 75% of patients do not adhere to the recommended diet one of the constraints due to lack of family ketelibatan. In this research the goal is to determine the level of dietary adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus and the role of family in Diabetes Mellitus diet adherence.
The design of this study is a qualitative case study research approach. Data collection methods used were interviews and observation. This study has three participants, namely diabetes mellitus patients, families and health workers were respondents in IRD D Wava Husada Hospital Kepanjen.
The results of this study found two themes, namely, the level of adherence to the diet of diabetes mellitus and the role of family in dietary adherence in diabetes mellitus. The lack of family role in diabetes management participation is a predisposing factor dietary noncompliance in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Looking at these results it is necessary to increase the role of the family in order to dietary adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus can run well.


Oil palm, rubber, and cocoa are the top three leading plantation commodities in Indonesia which are usually mutually converted one to each other. Oil palm plantation area and production in Indonesia over the past five years tend to increase, while the cocoa plantation area and production tend to decrease. According to the business ownership status, most of the cocoa plantations are cultivated by smallholders, while most of the oil palm plantations are cultivated by large private plantations. In North Sumatra, the cocoa commodity is the most often converted into oil palm. One of the factors that affect cocoa lands conversion into oil palm is the income prospects. The income analysis and the compare means analysis were used to see whether there are significant differences between the average income of cocoa and oil palm farming. The results showed that there are significant differences between the incomes of cocoa farmers and oil palm farmers, where the prospect of oil palm farmers' income is higher than the income of cocoa farmers.


A methodology for obtaining the parameter's values of a linearized piezoelectric transformers model is proposed. The suggested technique treats the piezoelectric transformer as an all electrical two port and relies on measurement of the electrical transfer function magnitude and phase of a loaded piezoelectric transformer. Only a single test setup is required to establish all six piezoelectric transformer's parameter's values. Neither manufacturer's data nor acoustical measurements are required. The proposed approach employs the least-squares method for tuning the model parameter's values. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of the proposed method validated by experimental results. Excellent agreement is found in between the measured and the modeled transfer functions.


In daily life, with the popularity of mobile devices such as mobile phones and iPad, it is more and more common for children and adolescents to see myopia caused by long-term viewing of mobile device screens or failing to maintain a healthy visual distance. In response to this phenomenon and problem, we designed an intelligent eye care assistance system (ECA) based on mobile devices, which integrates web browsers and utilizes AR technology combined with depth camera technology. Compared with the current methods of controlling distance through ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensing devices, etc., the ECA system is more convenient to use and does not require any additional hardware equipment. The system implements the method of controlling the distance between the user and the mobile device screen through three steps: real-time eye tracking, distance measurement, and reminder for the user. And for the problem of users' long-term viewing of mobile device screens, we added a time reminder control function in the system design to better prevent myopia and protect users' eyesight. This paper proposes a common framework for an intelligent eye-protection ECA system to prevent various ophthalmic diseases [1] caused by short viewing distance watching mobile devices screens, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic macular degeneration.


The purpose of this paper is to estimate the demand for narrow money for the Philippines, test for the effects of structural variables and to determine stability of money demand as they have implications on options of monetary policy targets. This paper estimates the demand for money (M1) for Philippines applying three alternative time series methods which generally gave similar results. The outcome estimates of income elasticity for Philippines is high at an average of the three alternative techniques employed at 1.245 while the average interest rate elasticity is -0.280 which are statistically significant with correct signs. The stability test shows that demand for money function for Philippines is temporally stable and therefore targeting money supply as opposed to the rate of interest is an appropriate measure to consider by respective monetary authorities in Philippines. Estimated results are consistent with both prior studies and across the three methods engaged. However, they may differ in their precision but only marginally.


To compensate inadequacies of the standard test (DIN180322) for evaluating the shock absorbency of long pile artificial turf (3-g turf), we proposed a new testing procedure which precisely reproduces acute, high loading likely caused by human sports action. The present study was designed to compare the shock absorbency of 3-g turf with that of natural turf using the new testing procedure. As the acceleration change of the impact head precisely reflects the loading force (R 2 =.990), the shock absorbency of natural turf was measured from the surface in the field. This nature was compared with those of 3-g turfs with different infills: sand, rubbers (large, medium and small grain) and sand/rubber, and with underneath shock pads (rubber/urethane combined and polythene foamed). In contrast to our conventional understanding, most types of 3-g turf showed smaller peak acceleration and milder jerk than those of the natural turf. Moreover, a 3-g turf with unusual infill component with rubber/urethane shock pad demonstrated a quite similar jerk with that of natural turf. This result may reinforce the needs for reconsideration of appropriate shock absorbency for 3-g turf.


This thesis is a study of the representation of emigration to Canada in Scottish Romantic periodicals and fiction, and of the relationship between these genres and the little-studied genre of the emigrant's guide. Chapter One tracks the Edinburgh Review and Quarterly Review's reviews of books on Canadian topics and demonstrates how the rival quarterlies respond to, and intervene in, the evolving public debate about emigration. Chapter Two examines depictions of Canada in Blackwood's Magazine and Fraser's Magazine, and reveals connections between these magazines' engagement with Canadian affairs and the concurrent reception of Scottish Romanticism in early Canadian literary magazines. Chapter Three argues for an understanding of the emigrant's guide as a porous form that acts as a bridge between nonfictional and fictional representations of emigration. Chapter Four reads novels with emigration plots in relation to the pressures of American, Canadian and transatlantic canon formation, arguing that these novels trouble the stark division between the American and Canadian emigrant experiences which was insisted upon by contemporary commentators and which continues to underpin criticism of transatlantic literary works. Chapter Five considers the relationship between Scottish Romanticism and nineteenth-century Canadian literature, a relationship which has often been framed in terms of the portability of a 'Scottish model' of fiction associated most strongly with Walter Scott. Overall, this thesis contends that foregrounding the literature of emigration allows for greater understanding of the synchronicity of Scottish Romanticism and the escalation of transatlantic emigration, offering an alternative to conceptions of Canada's colonial and transatlantic belatedness.


Real-time scheduling for Mixed-Criticality (MC) systems has received a growing attention as real-time embedded systems accommodate various tasks with different levels of criticality. While many studies have addressed how to guarantee timing requirements for MC systems with uniprocessor and multiprocessors, most of them have focused on supporting preemptive tasks. On the other hand, there have been few studies to address non-preemptive scheduling especially for MC multiprocessor platforms, in which the jobs under execution cannot be preempted by other jobs. In this paper, we develop schedulability tests for non-preemptive scheduling, which is the first attempt for MC multiprocessor systems. To this end, we first generalize an existing NP-EDF (Non-Preemptive Earliest Deadline First) schedulability test developed for single-criticality multiprocessor systems, towards for MC multiprocessor systems. For the generalization, we introduce new timing guarantee techniques for the system transition between two different criticalities, which is one of the key features in MC systems. We next extend the proposed NP-EDF schedulability test towards NP-EDFVD (NP-EDF with Virtual Deadlines) that is specialized for MC systems, and pose a virtual deadline assignment problem. We develop an optimal virtual deadline assignment policy using a control knob of the system-level deadline-reduction parameter and then a suboptimal one for the task-level parameter. Our simulation results demonstrate that the NP-EDFVD schedulability test with the proposed virtual deadline assignment policies finds a number of additional schedulable task sets, which are not schedulable by the NP-EDF schedulability test.


In the women of child bearing age abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) includes any change in menstrual period frequency, duration or amount of flow and intermenstrual bleeding. In postmenopausal women AUB includes vaginal bleeding of any cause 12 months or more after cessation of menses. Puberty and perimenopause are typically associated with anovulatory menstrual cycles. The immature hypothalamic-pituitary axis during puberty does not develop the necessary hormonal feedback to sustain the endometrium. Likewise, the decline of inhibin levels and rise in follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels reflect the loss of follicular activity and ABSTRACT


The parallel sessions of the working group 3 were devoted to the discussions of short-baseline neutrino physics programme at neutrino factories. First, possible studies of parton distribution functions (PDFs), in particular nuclear and polarized PDFs, are discussed in this summary. Secondly, the extractions of αs from sum rules and structure functions of deep inelastic neutrino–nucleon scattering, higher-order perturbative QCD corrections and estimates of high-twist effects are summarized. Thirdly, the situation of the observed NuTeV sin2θW anomaly is discussed.


Objectives:To explore the current situation of medical ethics among medical undergraduates and countermeasures of medical ethics education.Methods: Medical undergraduates of three different grades in Guangzhou medical university are investigated,with 978 valid questionnaires collected from in total 1000 self-made questionnaires.Results:With U-test analysis,undergraduates who have learned the course of medical ethics have got a higher score compared with those who have not in terms of the interraction of medical ethics and medical skills,harmful medical ethos,doctor-patient communication,and informed consent(P0.05);Both groups of students thought that medical ethics course should be taught by teachers with multi-skills,and the most effective teaching way is the combination of personal example as well as verbal instruction by clinical teachers(P0.01).Conclusion:Teaching methods should be adjusted according to the present situation of medical ethics among undergraduates,with clinical teachers' exemplary role strengthened and training on doctor-patient communication skill improved,to help medical undergraduates better process moral conflicts in their future clinical practice.


The fast-growing use of online social networks (OSNs) has prompted stakeholders to change their market strategies and hence have raised several questions on the users' decision making (DM). OSNs, as being regularly used, have resulted in playing a significant role in supporting consumer's rational DM. We use a hybrid approach i.e. an online survey and fuzzy model development to indicate how OSNs have resulted in giving an impact on the decision making. The research depicts that OSNs support and empower users in the DM process specifically in Rationality, Design, & Choice and the model predicts the DM strategy of each user according to their present decisions using fuzzy logic. Our results also reveal that different types of users (observers, seekers, and advisers) have significantly different participation styles, which in turn have an impact on the efficacy of the DM process. We discussed the implications for OSN designers and developers based on the findings from the research.


Accurate estimate of the surface longwave radiation is important for the surface radiation budget, which in turn controls evaporation and sensible heat fluxes. Regional land use changes can impact local weather conditions; for example, heterogeneous land use patterns and temporal changes in atmospheric circulation patterns would affect air temperature and water vapor pressure, which are more commonly used as inputs in existing models for estimating downward longwave radiation (). In this study, first, we analyzed the cloud cover and land use covers impacts on . Next, on all-sky conditions were developed by using the existing land use-adapted model and cloud cover data from the region of Saint Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD), FL. The results show that factors, such as, seasonal effects, cloud cover, and land use, are of importance in the estimation of and they cannot be ignored when developing a model for prediction. The all-sky land use-adapted model with all factors taken into account performs better than other existing models statistically. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that the BIAS, RMSE, MAE, and PMRE are −0.18 Wm−2, 10.81 Wm−2, 8.00 Wm−2, and 2.30%; −2.61 Wm−2, 14.45 Wm−2, 10.64 Wm−2, and 3.19%; −0.07 Wm−2, 10.53 Wm−2, 8.03 Wm−2, and 2.27%; and −0.62 Wm−2, 13.97 Wm−2, 9.76 Wm−2, and 2.87% for urban, rangeland, agricultural, and wetland areas, respectively.


ABSTRACT Since the late 1990s, French policy-makers have promised an indirect approach to African security in partnership with regional organisations. Yet this shift towards capacity-building, Africanisation and multilateralisation has not necessarily been followed, and forceful French military interventions in Africa have still taken place. This article thus aims to assess whether, to what extent, and why the theoretical convergence of France's African security policy and the peacekeeping aspirations of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) does not necessarily translate into practice. Through the analysis of the evolution of France's African security policy and ECOWAS' peacekeeping record, the French capacity-building efforts in West Africa, and the roles of France and ECOWAS in the Ivorian and Malian crises, this article will show that convergence in practice depends on the nature of an individual crisis, as well as the political, strategic, and economic interests of both France and ECOWAS member states.


In order to extend our knowledge about school achievement and particular chronotype's role, three studies were carried out with a grand total of 695 students. Study 1 dealt with investigating psychometric properties of the reduced version of the Persian Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ). Participants were 268 students recruited from two different universities. The correlations between the rMEQ and depression, happiness, and general health were -.45, .48, -.41, respectively. Moreover, the factor analysis of the rMEQ resulted in a single-factor solution and the Cronbach's α was .71. In sum, the Persian rMEQ seemed to be a reliable and valid instrument to differentiate circadian types. In the second study, we included chronotype, gender, conscientiousness, and test anxiety in a structural equation model (SEM) with grade point average (GPA) as academic achievement outcome. Participants were 158 high school students and the SEM demonstrated that gender was the strongest predictor of academic achievement. Lower test anxiety predicted higher GPA in girls but not in boys. Additionally, chronotype as moderator revealed a significant association between gender and GPA for evening-types and intermediate-types, while intermediate-types showed a significant relationship between test anxiety and GPA. Our results suggested that gender is an essential predictor of academic achievement even stronger than low or absent test anxiety. Study 3 examined the predictability of school achievement employing intelligence, chronotype, conscientiousness, gender, and the main subject of study in 269 students. Results showed a positive relationship between GPA and chronotype, GPA and intelligence, and between chronotype and conscientiousness. The predictors together explained 14% of variance in GPA. The variance in school achievement was explained the most by intelligence followed by gender, main subject of study, and chronotype. Chronotype was significantly correlated with school achievement even when controlled for the effects of intelligence and conscientiousness. These findings add to our knowledge about the nature of school achievement and also about the particular role of chronotype in learning.


Classical vaccination approaches that rely on killed, attenuated or subunit preparations have failed in the case of HIV-AIDS. For numerous vaccines that have proven effective against other viral diseases, the primary correlate of protection is the generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs). Many researchers believe that if a highly effective HIV vaccine is ever achieved, it too will be one that generates long lasting humoral immunity in the form of BnAbs (Makedonas and Betts, 2011). Unfortunately, HIV poses many difficulties for this goal, including the masking of HIV envelope protein epitopes by glycans, the conformational flexibility of the HIV envelope, the inaccessibility of many conserved epitopes, the diversion of B-cell responses by non-neutralizing epitopes, and in some cases, the mimicry of host antigens by the HIV epitopes that happen to be both conserved and accessible (Haynes et al., 2012).


Purpose – Seeks to provide a more differentiated view of vendor development process and activities currently applied by SIDCUL Industries in Rudrapur, India. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study was conducted based on a review of previously published research on vendor development and case studies with 20 SIDCUL industries in Rudrapur, India. The survey responses from 100 industries were factor-analyzed to explore various dimensions of vendor development and their interrelationships. Furthermore, an industry-level analysis was performed. Findings – SIDCUL Industries are reluctant to develop vendors. Two dimensions of direct and four dimensions of indirect vendor's development were observed. Providing human and capital support to vendors (i.e. two dimensions of direct vendors development) is strongly related to formal vendors evaluation, structures and processes for evaluating vendors as well as communication (i.e. three dimensions of indirect vendors development). Research limitations/implications – Future studies should incorporate the perspective of the vendors industries, include small and medium-sized enterprises, and approach pressing questions related to performance implications for the buying firm and sharing of the benefits achieved in vendor's development activities. Practical implications – SIDCUL Industries can compare their approach towards various vendor development practices with the approach taken by a representative sample and their industry as a whole. Originality/value – This research paper conducts new research in an Indian setting. Furthermore, a novel industry-level view is presented.


In the discussion of the "Intellectual Spirit",YU Ying-shi abstracted the Intellectual Stratum from its development of the historical context,therefore,he exaggerated the individual's activity features and behavior patterns formed in the social structure.In fact,the concept of "Intellectual Spirit" itself is a contradiction,i.e.the deep sense of loneliness hides behind its proud independent spirit.On the other hand,the non-intellectual individual also holds the similar spirit to the intellectual,and once the intellectual stepped into the field of politics,his spirit would change with the social situation.This paper holds that the historical individual could make full use of his subjective dynamics in the social situations and would have a clever choice in his behavior with the change of the social environment,which could be analyzed by the framework of exchange between resource and power.


The invention discloses a flexible control method for a photovoltaic grid-connected power generating system, which belongs to the technical field of control over photovoltaic grid-connected power generation of new energy electric power systems and micro-grids. The method comprises the following steps of: designing a photovoltaic power generating system Hinfinite grid-connected controller; measuring the grid voltage es of a photovoltaic power generating system grid-connection point, and evaluating a grid voltage vector rotation angle gamma; measuring the direct-current side voltage udc of a grid-connected inverter, and subtracting udc from a direct-current voltage reference value to evaluate a direct-current voltage deviation value delta udc; transmitting the delta udc to an outer loop power balance controller, evaluating an alternating-current reference value is* and an outlet voltage reference value uc* of an LC filter, measuring an outlet voltage signal uc of the LC filter, and subtracting uc from the outlet voltage reference value uc* to evaluate the outlet voltage deviation value delta uc of the LC filter; transmitting the delta uc to the Hinfinite grid-connected controller, and evaluating an output voltage reference value uD of an inverter; and transmitting ud to an inverter triggering driving circuit, and performing triggering control on the inverter by using a pulse signal output by using the driving circuit to complete the control flow of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generating system. According to the flexible control method, the aim of flexible grid connection is fulfilled.


Motivated by Yung and Miller's [199• suggestion that N20 is isotopically fractionated during UV photolysis in the stratosphere, we have studied the photolysis rates of the •4N•SN•60 and •SN•4N•60 structural isotopomers. In this study, we follow the concentrations of these compounds with FTIR spectroscopy during photolysis at 213 nm. When fitted to a Rayleigh fractionation model, the observations yield single-stage enrichment factors of e(•4N•SN•O / •4N•4N•O) = -73 q5 per mil and e(•SN•4N•O / •4N•4N•O) -41 q10 per mil. As predicted by Yung and Miller [199•, the photolysis rate of •SN•4N•60 is faster than •4N•SN•O at this wavelength. The magnitude of the observed fractionation, however, is significantly larger than predicted.


This study was carried out to test the "decision tree" classifier via remote sensing (RS), to identify planted areas with sugarcane, at different planting dates in Boa Fe, located in the Triângulo Mineiro, more specifically in the town of Conquista, Minas Gerais, Brazil. RS techniques, integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS), allow a temporal analysis of land use and occupation, especially in order to identify and monitor agricultural areas. Based on the calculation of mean bias (VM), this study showed that in areas of sugarcane, where irrigation is frequent and significant rainfall occurring prior to the passage of Landsat-5, the estimated values were slightly underestimated, with the value of this indicator equal to -0.13 ha. It was also verified that the highest values of NDVI provided a slight overestimation of the results, with values of mean bias of 0.04 to 0.23 ha. According to the results, the decision tree classifier had a great potential for mapping the areas cultivated with sugar cane.


The present invention relates to a screen transition control method for a broadcast receiving apparatus and a broadcast receiving apparatus. When the screen switching control method for a broadcast receiving apparatus and a broadcast receiver according to the present invention is a channel selection signal to the second broadcast channel received from the first broadcast channel that is currently being displayed, all of the previously stored video stream of a first broadcast channel after decoding to display and executes the mute screen. Thereby, the method transitions control the broadcast receiver to feel as if the user is fast channel switching is provided to display a mute time by reducing the VBV buffer by a delay time caused by the broadcasting channel change. VBV buffer, channel, mute, delay, digital broadcasting


In this paper shows the results of treatment of 47 patients with a cloelithiasis, complicated by an acute cholecystitis and paravesical infi ltrate by using atypical ways of a cholecystectomy from minilaparotomy access. Criteria and indications for performance universally recognized cholecystectomy from minilaparotomy access, from a bottom and by Pribram are showed. Rational receptions of operating and tool maintenance of a hemostasis are detailed at minicholecystectomy in the conditions of dense paravesical infi ltrate. It is shown that frequency of conversion at the acute cholecystitis complicated by dense infi ltrate, at performance of atypical ways minicholecystectomy, makes 4,2 % that is statistically authentic more low, than at performance standard minicholecystectomy at which frequency of conversion reaches 15 %. Introduction of atypical ways of minicholecystectomy at destructive forms of the acute cholecystitis complicated by dense paravesical infi ltrate, reduces risk of damage of anatomic formations of a hepatoduodenal ligament, and number of intra and postoperative complications from 12,7 to 2,1 %.


BACKGROUND
Multimodal treatment, including systemic treatment and surgery, improved the prognosis of peritoneal metastasis (PM). Despite all efforts, recurrence rates remain high, and only little data is available about clinical behavior or molecular patterns of PM in comparison to hematogenous metastasis. Here, we aimed to analyze recurrence patterns after multimodal treatment for PM from colorectal cancer.

METHODS
Patients with colorectal PM undergoing multimodal treatment including systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) between 2005-2017 at four centers were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS
A total of 505 patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC were analyzed. 82.1% of patients received preoperative chemotherapy. Median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 6 (IQR = 3-11). Median disease-free and overall survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11 to 14 months) and 51 months (95% CI = 43 to 62 months) respectively. Disease recurred in 361 (71.5%) patients, presenting as isolated peritoneal recurrence in 24.6%, isolated hematogenous recurrence in 28.3%, and mixed recurrence in 13.9% of patients. Recurrence to the peritoneum was associated with an impaired time from recurrence to death of 21 months (95% CI = 18 to 31 months) for isolated peritoneal, and 22 months (95% CI = 16 to 30 months) for mixed recurrence, compared to 43 months (95% CI = 31 to > 121 months) for hematogenous recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.53, p = .001 and HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.61 to 3.79, p < .001). On multiple logistic regression analysis, RAS mutational status (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.11 to 5.47, p = .03) and positive nodal stage of the primary (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.40 to 11.86, p = .01) were identified as predictive factors for peritoneal recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the heterogeneity of peritoneal metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Recurrent peritoneal metastasis after radical treatment represents a more aggressive subset of metastatic colorectal cancer.


The formation and dispersal of Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) are examined using a series of tracer experiments based on an eddy-permitting general circulation model of the Mediterranean. LIW is formed in the region of the Rhodes gyre and disperses via both the time-mean and time-varying circulation. Tracer released in the Rhodes gyre is transferred westward by the time-mean circulation but also southward and eastward by the time-varying circulation. Off-line tracer experiments suggest that the time-varying circulation exhibits both advective and diffusive components, where the advective component opposes downgradient transfer in some regions. The rate of invasion of tracer into the main thermocline suggests that the renewal timescale is 10–20 years for LIW and of order 100 years for Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water. Assuming advection dominates the transfer of tracer, the implied annual subduction rate is 0.6±0.1 Sv in the Rhodes gyre and 0.2±0.1 Sv in the Adriatic Sea. The LIW mode is found to become cooler and fresher as a result of mixing with the Adriatic outflow, while its potential vorticity appears well conserved.


The modern communication systems require high data, and this rate cannot be achieved in Single input-Single out put (SISO) systems. This prosperity can be gained by improving the channel capacity using systems for Multiple Input-Multiple output (MIMO). In this paper the parameters effecting channel capacity are studied, these include (antennas numbers, antennas distribution, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)) using multiplexing, diversity and beamforming techniques. The results showed that the channel capacity for multiplexing technique increased semi-linearly with antennas number when the antennas at transmitter side and receiver side are equal. While the increase in capacity became less when the antennas distribution is different. Increasing the antennas ate the receiver side gives better capacity than increasing the antennas ate the transmitter side. The multiplexing techniques give the best performance


A quadratic operator Q of Hilbert-Schmidt class on a real separable Hilbert space H is shown to be uniquely representable as a sequence of self-adjoint linear operators of Hilbert-Schmidt class on H, such that Q(x) = Σk〈Lkx, x〉uk with respect to a Hilbert basis . It is shown that with the norm | ‖Q‖ | = (Σk ‖Lk‖2)½ and inner-product 〈〈〈Q, P〉〉〉 = Σk 〈〈Lk, Mk〉〉, together with a multiplication defined componentwise through the composition of the linear components, the vector space of all Hilbert-Schmidt quadratic operators Q on H becomes a linear H*-algebra containing an ideal of nuclear (trace class) quadratic operators. In the finite dimensional case, each Q is also shown to have another representation as a block-diagonal matrix of Hilbert-Schmidt class which simplifies the practical computation and manipulation of quadratic operators.


Current treatment of nasal Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leaks, are preferable realized by endoscopic approach, and several techniques describe a high success rate when it comes to defect closure. However when associated with high intracranial pressure, the success rate decreases importantly without the establishment of a complete treatment. Up to 45% of the spontaneously-appearing fistulas can be associated to an elevation in intracranial pressure. A prompt and adequate recognize of the clinical and radiological findings, such as meningoceles, empty sella syndrome, etc., represent a great impact on the prognosis. Complementary measures include long term medical treatment to decrease the production of CSF and weight loss. A 40 years old female patient with high body mass index, presented with symptoms of nasal CSF leak, diagnosis was made with biochemical parameters and radiological studies to determinate a bony defect on left sphenoidal lateral recess wall. The leak was successfully sealed in a multilayer fashion with complementary treatment.


Scattering and transition amplitudes with three-hadron final states play an important role in nuclear and particle physics. However, predicting such quantities using numerical Lattice QCD is very difficult, in part because of the effects of Euclidean time and finite volume. In this review we highlight recent formal developments that work towards overcoming these issues. We organize the presentation into three parts: large volume expansions, non-relativistic nonperturbative analyses, and nonperturbative studies based in relativistic field theory.
In the first part we discuss results for ground state energies and matrix elements given by expanding in inverse box length, $1/L$. We describe complications that arise at $\mathcal O(1/L^6)$ and include a table summarizing the results of different calculations.
In the second part we summarize three recent non-relativistic non-perturbative studies and highlight the main conclusions of these works. This includes demonstrating that the three-particle finite-volume spectrum is determined, up to exponentially suppressed effects, by on-shell amplitudes, as well as recovering a finite-volume quantization condition for scattering a stable particle off a two-particle bound state. In this part we also highlight recent work concerning a three-particle bound state in a finite volume.
In the third and final part, we review recent work based in non-perturbative relativistic field theory. Here the finite-volume spectrum has been related to an intermediate infinite-volume quantity which itself is related via a known integral equation to the relativistic, model-independent three-particle scattering amplitude. We motivate the appearance of the intermediate quantity, explain how it is related to the standard amplitude, and discuss prospects for using the result to constrain three-particle observables.


Researchers have indicated that a permutation schedule can be improved by a non-permutation schedule in a flowshop with completion time-based criteria, such as makespan and total completion time. This study proposes a hybrid approach which draws on the advantages of simulated annealing and tabu search for the non-permutation flowshop scheduling problem, in which the objective function is the makespan of the schedule. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid approach, computational experiments are performed on a set of well-known non-permutation flowshop scheduling benchmark problems. The result shows that the performance of the hybrid approach is better than that of other approaches, including ant colony optimisation, simulated annealing, and tabu search. Further, the proposed approach found new upper bound values for all benchmark problems within a reasonable computational time.


These three words capture the heart of the community capacity building project, Produce to the People Tasmania that the Burnie Campus of Leighland Christian School embraced in partnership over four years ago.


Japan's coal policy is at the crossroads; coal continues to be one of the most reliable and economically efficient energy sources and yet its preeminent position is being threatened by an increasingly acute environmental awareness. Under such circumstances, where shall we situate coal in our energy policy?To answer these questions, "C3" or "Clean Coal Cycle Study Group", answerable to the Director of the Coal Division, issued the interim report on Japan's New Coal Policy in June 2004.This paper describes the outline of the report and introduces the concrete measures to secure stable coal supply while tackling the global warming issues.Below are the key points. • It is very important to use coal to a certain extent from the perspective of diversifying energy sources. Besides, how to overcome its disadvantages and to maintain/strengthen/make the best use of its advantages is the key to position coal as more influential energy source. • The largest disadvantage of coal, its environmental load can be overcome by clean coal technologies (CCTs). What must be achieved is, (A) the improvement on thermal efficiency through coal gasification in short-term, (B) the realization of zero-emission by CO2 sequestration in long-term. • For making contribution to the global environmental issues while stimulating domestic economy, it is important to balance environmental protection and economic growth by disseminating CCTs made in Japan into Asian countries on commercial basis through utilizing Kyoto mechanism. • In order to secure stable supply at lower prices, the largest advantage of coal in mid- to long-term, where demand of coal in Asia is expected to increase from now on, it is necessary to expand the supply potential of coal-producing countries, and/or to strengthen the relationship between those countries. • Under the recognition above-mentioned, it is vital to carry out the "C3 Initiative"


Purpose – The electric motor and multi-speed transmission hub are essential components for an electric bicycle. Traditionally, these two devices have been designed and manufactured independently. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel electromechanical device that artfully integrates an exterior-rotor brushless permanent-magnet (BLPM) motor into a transmission hub to become a compact structural assembly. Design/methodology/approach – A novel design that integrates a three-phase, 20-pole/18-slot exterior-rotor BLPM motor with a multi-speed transmission hub composed of a six-link, two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) compound planetary gear train (PGT) is presented in this study to overcome inherent drawbacks of existing designs. An analytical approach, based on fundamental circuits, is developed to synthesize the clutching sequences and numbers of teeth of all gears of the PGT. Findings – The integrated device provides six forward speeds, including two underdrives, two direct drives, and two overdrives,...


We have determined the dynamical characteristics of the chaotic regimes encountered in two convective instability problems (Rayleigh-Benard and E.H.D. unipolar ion injection) by studying the reconstructed trajectory in the phase space obtained from experimental data. We show that these trajectories to indeed correspond to attractors, whose fractal dimension low value is clealy evidenced Les caracteristiques dynamiques de regimes chaotiques rencontres dans deux instabilites convectives (Rayleigh-Benard et injection unipolaire d'ions) sont determinees en etudiant la trajectoire reconstituee dans l'espace des phases a partir des enregistrements experimentaux. On montre que ces trajectoires correspondent a des attracteurs dont la dimension fractale, de faible valeur, est clairement mise en evidence


We present design and simulations of a reconfigurable reflectarray suitable for use as a sub-reflector within a confocal millimeter-wave imaging system. The performance of various reflectarray designs for use within a confocal imaging system are evaluated, e.g. phase quantization, feeding field. A quantized-particle-swarm optimization algorithm is discussed and applied to the reflectarray phase distribution in order to circumvent common challenges, such as the effects of the periodic phase error across the aperture, in addition to the generation of grating lobes due to aperture discontinuities. The reflectarray elements are based on a microstrip structure integrated with MEMS-based phase shifters in order to yield dynamic reconfigurability of the aperture. Both 1- and 2-bit phase quantization is considered. A reflectarray is characterized in a near-field measurement range; reflections from individual reflectarray elements are imaged at a distance on the order of a wavelength. Both the realized reflection phase and magnitude of the specular reflection are measured, yielding accurate characteristics of reflectarray element performance when compared to standard beam pattern measurements. A near-field measurement system is configured and tested at 120 GHz. The lateral resolution and phase measurement accuracy were measured to be 0:56λ and ±4° respectively. A static reflectarray is tested in the measurement system, and the reflection coefficient of the individual elements measured.


We show that different hypercyclicity criteria are equivalent by using the abstract version of Mittag-Leffler theorem. We also reduce to the context of invertible operators an open problem of Herrero which asks about the hypercyclicity of the direct sum of a hypercyclic operator with itself.


Objective To examine the relationships between procalcitonin, bacterial infection, sepsis-induced multiple organ failure, and mortality rate in children. Design Cohort study. Setting A multidisciplinary, tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit. Patients Seventy-eight children meeting criteria for sepsis or septic shock and 12 critically ill children without sepsis. Interventions Venous or arterial blood sampling. Measurements and Main Results Demographic, epidemiologic, and outcome data were recorded. Plasma from children with sepsis were collected on days 1 and 3, and procalcitonin concentrations were measured by immunoluminometric assay. Organ failure index scores were determined, and multiple organ failure was defined as organ failure index ≥3. Persistent multiple organ failure was defined by presence of multiple organ failure on day 3. Procalcitonin concentrations (median [25th percentile-75th percentile]) were increased among children with sepsis on day 1 (2.4 ng/mL [0.2–24.2], p < .01) but not on day 3 (0.8 ng/mL [0.1–8.1], p = nonsignificant) vs. controls (0.2 ng/mL [0.1–0.5]). This increase in procalcitonin concentration was particularly robust among children with bacterial sepsis on day 1 (7.1 ng/mL [0.9–44.8], p < .001) and on day 3 (2.9 ng/mL [0.1–32.4], p < .05). Procalcitonin concentrations were not increased among children with fungal, viral, or culture-negative sepsis vs. controls. Procalcitonin concentrations were persistently increased over time among patients with bacterial sepsis who had persistent multiple organ failure (p < .05) and who died (p < .01) but not among patients with nonbacterial sepsis. Conclusions Procalcitonin is persistently increased among children with poor outcome from bacterial sepsis. Further study is needed to better delineate this differential procalcitonin response to bacterial vs. nonbacterial sepsis and to characterize any mechanistic role that procalcitonin might play in the development of bacterial sepsis-induced multiple organ failure and mortality.


This study is a qualitative approach to understanding how childhood abuse survivors experience and describe their sense of self, as well as how this experience of self changes over the course of therapy. Participants of the present study were adult clients engaging in Emotion Focused Therapy for Trauma (EFTT; Paivio & Pascual-Leone, 2010) to address psychological effects of childhood maltreatment. The data source was audio-recorded therapy sessions in which clients discussed their experiences of self. The author identified and selected excerpts from these therapy sessions that contained client statements about their experience of self (e.g., perceptions and feelings about oneself, sense of identity, self in relation to others, self-conscious emotions, changes observed in self). These session excerpts were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis methodology (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Analysis of these session excerpts yielded three major themes addressing the experience of self of childhood abuse survivors: an unclear sense of identity, not participating actively in one's life, and feelings of worthlessness. In terms of the process of change over the course of therapy sessions, analysis of client statements yielded themes relating to shifting blame for the abuse from self to the perpetrator, allowing and expressing emotions, and becoming aware of how positive experiences of self are blocked or disallowed. Near the end of therapy most clients reported changes in their experience of self, including a sense of authenticity and being true to oneself, feeling in control of life choices, and increased self-acceptance. The various themes are described and illustrated with excerpts of client statements. The themes are discussed in relation to current theory and research on the effects of childhood maltreatment, and implications of these findings are explored.


Fish bones commonly stray into the tongue base, palatine tonsils, and pharyngeal mucosa but rarely into the submandibular gland duct.A 74‐year‐old man developed acute sialadenitis after a fish bone strayed into the submandibular gland duct. Laboratory data revealed elevated S‐amylase level; computed tomography (CT) revealed linear opacification along the submandibular gland duct. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed the object to be a fish bone; the bone discharged spontaneously prior to a scheduled excision.Identification of foreign bodies is difficult with CT or other imaging modalities alone. Additional detailed examination, such as electron microscopy analysis, is required.


Bona Fide Acquisition has been an important system in civil laws of many countries since modern times. Traditionally, Bona fide acquisition has always been thought as bona fide chattel acquisition and bona fide acquisition of real estate has often been neglected. In recent years, not a few legal experts start discussing on the system of bona fide acquisition. With the development of our country's social economy, the ideas of right has been continuously reinforced; hence the importance of the system of bona fide acquisition turns out to be more and more prominent.


We present a novel approach to implement compressive sensing in laser scanning microscopes (LSM), specifically in image scanning microscopy (ISM), using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector. Our method addresses two significant limitations in applying compressive sensing to LSM: the time to compute the sampling matrix and the quality of reconstructed images. We employ a fixed sampling strategy, skipping alternate rows and columns during data acquisition, which reduces the number of points scanned by a factor of four and eliminates the need to compute different sampling matrices. By exploiting the parallel images generated by the SPAD array, we improve the quality of the reconstructed compressive-ISM images compared to standard compressive confocal LSM images. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in producing higher-quality images with reduced data acquisition time and potential benefits in reducing photobleaching.


This is a survey of every aspect of Japanese life, political and economic, social and psychological, unravelling the enigma of Japan in the modern world revealing that Japan's amassed wealth has brought little benefit to the ordinary Japanese. The author shows how the docile conformity , near absence of litigation and lack of individualism - characterising Japanese society and culture - originates in political purpose. Japan has the institutions of a parliamentary democracy, yet is effectively a one-party state and the power of the Japanese prime minister is less than that of any other head of government in Asia or the West. Japan is governed to all appearances with no centre of accountable power. Karl van Wolferen has lived and worked as a foreign correspondent in Japan for some quarter of a century. Last year he won the Dutch equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize.


An Exploratory Ethnography of the Gendered Communicative Behaviors of Bouncers This research study focuses on combining my interests in interpersonal communication and organizational communication, and work experience as club security. Specifically, the research explores the communicative behaviors of club security (i.e., bouncers) in two different situational contexts, specifically those based on population and demographic composition. The communicative behaviors of bouncers were explored in two specific contexts in the Midwest: (1) a college town with mid-size city population, and (2) an urban center of one of the largest cities in the U.S. Utilizing an ethnographic methodological approach – as a partici-pant-observer– as the primary data source, a commitment of 32 hours of observations were recorded. Through field notes, the data collected focuses on a variety of security communicative behaviors and how those behaviors are similar and different depending on different situational contexts. In the end, the analysis of the data focuses on interpersonal factors, gendered communicative behaviors, and the relational and business orientations of bouncers. working Being I was trained ways I thought was the stereotypical, traditional bouncer. I became very interested in the ways I to interact with patrons, both verbally and nonverbally, and wanted to further explore the actions of bouncers outside of my of gave me an interest-ing vantage point to negotiate the ethnographic gaze as ―participant,‖ both as a bouncer and patron, as well as an ―observer,‖ in a scholarly


Throughout this article, generalizations of some Grónwall–Bellman integral inequalities for two real-valued unknown functions in n independent variables are introduced. We are looking at some novel explicit bounds of a particular class of Young and Pachpatte integral inequalities. The results in this paper can be utilized as a useful way to investigate the uniqueness, boundedness, continuousness, dependence and stability of nonlinear hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations. To highlight our research advantages, several implementations of these findings will be presented. Young's method, which depends on a Riemann method, will follow to prove the key results. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods for solving dynamic inequalities.


This study examined the performance of four different landscape metrics in a landscape ecological forest planning situation in Catalonia: (1) proportion of suitable habitat (non-spatial) (%H); (2) spatial autocorrelation; (3) the proportion of habitat-habitat boundary of the total compartment boundary (H-H) and (4) the proportion of habitat-non-habitat boundary (H-nonH). They were analysed in a case study problem that aimed at the maintenance and improvement of capercaillie habitats in two simulated forests of 14,400 hectares consisting mainly of Pinus uncinata, P. sylvestris and P. nigra stands. The habitats were determined by using a stand-level habitat suitability index (HSI). Stands in which the HSI exceed a specified threshold value were considered as habitats. Then, four different planning problems were formulated to test the four landscape metrics as one of the management objectives. The objective functions of the problems were written in the form of an additive utility model, and the problems were solved using heuristic optimization techniques. Before this, five different heuristic optimization techniques: random ascent; Hero, simulated annealing (SA), tabu search and genetic algorithms (GA), were compared in a non-spatial and a spatial planning problem. Based on these comparisons, GA was selected for solving the spatial planning problems while SA was used for non-spatial problems. The spatial pattern of habitat patches was comparable when using the %H, H-H or spatial autocorrelation as a management objective. However, the limitations of using the non-spatial %H objective were clear in the second forest landscape with lacking trends in forest features. H-H and spatial autocorrelation yielded a more clustered landscape with larger habitat patches. The largest proportions of habitat and habitat–habitat boundaries were created when using the H-H as the ecological management objective. The use of spatial autocorrelation as a management objective resulted in a smaller habitat area and shorter habitat-habitat boundary than when %H and H-H were used as objectives, but the proportion of large habitat patches was rather high. H-H was very suitable for connecting habitat patches. When H-nonH was used as the ecological management objective a very fragmented landscape was generated.


In our experiment for 0.15 micrometer contact hole, we used Water-soluble organic overcoating material (WASOOM) as a barrier layer. Since WASOOM is water soluble, after baking for resist flow, water rinse will remove it completely. The key point of resist flow technique is to reduce overhang, in other words, reducing thermal stress at the top and bottom of resist pattern by WASOOM can lead to well-controlled DICD. Since WASOOM is water soluble and very compatible with resist, during resist flow, it is assumed that it will be acting as a barrier layer so that overhang should be reduced. In this paper we will describe below 0.2 micrometer contact hole pattern without overhang profile, well controlled DICD and fine etch profile. And also 0.15 micrometer contact hole patterning method will be described with half tone + resist flow by WASOOM. And also we will describe the application of SOG (Spin On Glass) for removing top flare after resist baking.


We present a theoretical formalism specially suited for the simulation of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. The method allows for a realistic description of the STM system, taking fully into account its three-dimensional nature. Bias effects may also be considered since the theory is not restricted to the low-bias limit. The starting point is the previously applied Landauer-B{umlt u}ttiker formula, which expresses the current at the STM junction as a sum of transmission coefficients linking eigenstates at each electrode. The transmission coefficients are directly obtained from the scattering matrix which is, in our approach evaluated through Green-function techniques; in particular, we employ the surface Green-function matching (SGFM) method to find the Green function at the interface, and explicitly derive simple expressions for the current. Additionally, the formalism goes beyond the elastic-scattering limit by considering inelastic effects via an optical potential. We also present a method to analyze the current in terms of contributions arising from individual atomic orbital interactions and their interference with other interactions. To this end, the SGFM method is replaced by a first-order expansion of the interface Green function. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


SrR,-Whitehouse & Skidmore (1965) have reported that many acidic antiinflammatory drugs inhibit histidine decarboxylases in vitro, presumably by displacing the pyridoxal phosphate coenzyme from the apoenzyme, while analogues of these compounds with little or no anti-inflammatory activity do not inhibit these enzymes. At the same time, it was reported (Skidmore & Whitehouse, 1965) that these histidine decarboxylase inhibitors displaced pyridoxal phosphate from some of its binding sites on bovine plasma albumin, in a manner essentially parallel to their effect on histidine decarboxylases. These authors further found that the same drugs inhibited the binding of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzaldehyde to bovine plasma albumin. In view of the good correlation between clinical antirheumatic activity and inhibition of trinitrobenzaldehyde binding to albumin, it was suggested that the system might serve as an in vitro model for the assay of potential anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this report is to present findings based on extensive use of the system which suggest a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the trinitrobenzaldehyde assay described by Skidmore & Whitehouse (1965). In vivo anti-inllammatory activity was assayed using the carrageenan foot oedema method (Winter, Risley & Nuss, 1962) or the azovan blue-carrageenan pleural effusion method (Sancilio & Rodriguez, 1965) or both, at doses ranging from 75 to 316 mg/kg. Of 57 diverse organic acids screened in vitro, 42 (74%) gave results equivalent to or greater than acetylsalicylic acid. In most instances comparable activity could not be demonstrated in vivo ; some representative results are summarized in Table 1.


Two new robotic platforms, the MegaScout and the Commercial Off-the-Shelf Scout (COTS Scout), have been developed recently at the University of Minnesota's Center for Distributed Robotics. The two systems were initially unable to communicate with each other. This paper discusses the development of a communications system and a novel software architecture designed to allow the two systems to work in autonomous cooperation.


Executive Summary This report addresses the fundamental feasibility of a new class of high magnetic field Compact Superconducting Cyclotrons (CSCs) to produce intense (mA current) proton beams in a single accelerator stage. This high current feasibility is somewhat independent of the final energy of the proton beam since we have stipulated acceleration shall be in a single accelerator stage, which for cyclotrons means generally capturing nearly zero velocity ions into stable orbits at the cyclotron center. The importance of this question is that if it is feasible, then is it possible to develop portable configurations that would be well suited to a fielded radiography or active interrogation source for strategic nuclear materials detection. There are no such sources available presently. Much is known about the high intensity operation of cyclotrons-these issues were first addressed in the 1950s, and the fundamental feasibility of accelerated beam of order 10 mA and beyond have been established for cyclotrons. However existing uses of high current cyclotrons have not called for this set of characteristics: high field, low power, small footprint, portability and high current. Recent operating experience with an existing superconducting cyclotron, combined with data from fundamental studies of intensity limits, and data from advanced conventional cyclotrons, is used here to establish the necessary conditions that must be achieved for multi-milliampere operation of CSCs.


The noise temperature of a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) coupled to a tuned input circuit is computed using the complete quantum expression for the equilibrium noise in the shunt resistance of each junction. At T = 0, where the noise reduces to zero‐point fluctuations, the noise temperature for an optimized system is hn/kB ln2, where n is the signal frequency. The computation is extended to nonzero temperatures, and it is shown that a SQUID operated at 1K can approach the quantum limit.


The main task in wavelet analysis (decomposition and reconstruction) is to find a good wavelet function (mother wavelet) to perform an optimal decomposition. The goal of most wavelet researches is to create a set of basis functions and transforms that will give an informative, efficient and useful description of a signal. It is better if the wavelet function is adapted to the signal, because the computational costs can be reduced and more accurate analysis can be obtained. This paper presents a discrete wavelet function synthesizer, which starts from an arbitrary, discretized sequence, to obtain the reconstruction and decomposition filters. The pursued criterion (expected result) is to minimize the reconstruction error between a first or second order approximation and the original signal.


E‐mail: firstname.lastname@example.com   During the Hymex SOP in summer/autumn 2012 a Doppler lidar and a 35 GHz cloud radar were collocated at a supersite in Corte on the French island of Corsica. In absence of hydrometeors both instruments receive signals from small particles which are passively transported with the air as aerosol, insects or "atmospheric plankton", i.e. animals or plants or parts of them. Obviously, these scatterers are in the optical regime for the lidar and in the Rayleigh regime for the cloud radar. So the lidar detects a huge amount of small scatterers, whereas the radar recognizes a few comparable large particles.


Optimality Theory is a linguistic framework that characterizes surface forms in languages as the resolution of constraint conflict. Work in finite state phonology based on the rewrite rule framework that preceded Optimality Theory suggests phonologicial mappings fall in the class of rational relations. Previous work has shown that these two characterizations of phonological mappings are reconcilable, subject to certain restrictions. In previous models, the constraints are formalized as referring only to the output side of the mapping. This paper presents a model that optimizes over input-output pairs. This is important for modeling the family of faithfulness constraints, constraints which evaluate the relationship between input and output. The idea is based on the closure of same-length regular relations over intersection and the notion of "lenient intersection," a combination of ordinary intersection and priority union.


A new antitumor polysaccharide, H11, was isolated from the mycelia of Poria cocos Wolf. The structure of H11 is a (1, 3)-(1, 6)-β-D-glucan having a molecular weight of 5×106.


The fact that theory development in planning and design arena, requires normally the evaluation of practical projects case studies by experienced practitioners, which are normally imbedded within planning and design firms that are too busy to publish and share their knowledge, describing effective planning and design principles for reclamation, explaining useful normative theories in creating efficient landscape configurations, and illustrating valuable planning and design processes to achieve redevelopment success, reduces both the capacity for theoretic development and dissemination. Additionally, even if a lot of case studies and best practices examples can be found in literature, they are often poorly addressed and normally do not focus the issues that might influence and inform theory development. In this regard, the analysis of postindustrial land transformation case studies considering both design principles and strategies used in redevelopment, constitutes a relevant framework towards the definition of new design and planning normative theories (Francis, 2010, personal communication), enabling somehow the reduction of the existing dissimilarity regarding theoretic and practical development in the field of urban planning and design. In this regard, throughout this investigation several case studies were indentified, addressed and analyzed considering the method presented by Francis (1999) in order to identify a set of planning and design principles that might inform the creation of a specific postindustrial land transformation theory.


This book does not claim to be a comprehensive re-examination of mysticism in all of its aspects and expressions. The author writes primarily for those advanced in interest beyond the introductory stage but not necessarily indined to follow such exhaustive researches asi those of Dr. Inge. Professor Fairweather would foster an already growing regard for a theme too little treated in general theological literature. A balanced survey of representative mysticism, Christian and nonChristian, in different periods, areas, and countries is provided. Selected source materials in translation illustrate the life and thought of many mystics, including Saint Teresa, Miguel Molinos, Madame Guyon, Jacob Boehme, and William Law. The constructive mysticism of Francis of Assisi and of 'Gerard Groote, with the Brethren o£ the Common Life, is rather summarily treated.


Successful root canal therapy relies on the combination of proper instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation of the root canal. Of these three essential steps of root canal therapy, irrigation of the root canal is the most important determinant in the healing of the periapical tissues. The primary endodontic treatment goal must thus be to optimize root canal disinfection and to prevent reinfection. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of herbal substitutes for root canal disinfectants among dental students. This study was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted among the clinical students of Saveetha Dental College. The questionnaire consisted of 14 multiple choice questions Once the students have answered the questionnaire, the data obtained from the survey were analyzed using statistical sciences (SPSS) version and results were Original Research Article Sheriff et al.; JPRI, 32(18): 160-170, 2020; Article no.JPRI.59807 161 obtained. A total of 100 students which comprised 3rd year, 4 th year, and Final year students had actively participated and taken up the survey and completed the survey successfully. The results of this survey show that the students who attempted the questionnaire had a fair knowledge about herbal substitutes in root canal disinfection. From this survey, we can see that the dental students have fair knowledge and awareness about the herbal substitutes for root canal disinfection and It is very important to educate and create awareness and increase the knowledge of our traditional folk medicine where herbs are used to treat and cure individuals among the health care members.


Russian psychology has introduced into the world science at least two great ideas: the conditioned reflex (I.P. Pavlov) and the zone of proximal development (L.S. Vygotsky). These concepts were formulated before "iron curtain" fell at the end of 1920-es and so they have become part of the world science. Since then Russian science dropped out from the view of western colleagues for many decades. Now it is challenged to rejoin the international mainstream. Are we in a position to contribute or should Russian psychology be treated as a "developing" area of the international science, having no theoretical background of its' own?Nowadays psychological science is faced with a boom of facts and figures so it is becoming more and more evident that it is the "great ideas" that matter, concepts which bring reason and logic into the chaos of facts. To be introduced into the world science as an original theoretical trend, it is necessary to come up with original concepts and ideas. Are there any ideas in Russian psychological tradition that can be of interest for the international community?Behind the iron curtain psychological science was developing. The ideas of Vygotsky and Pavlov inspired new theoretical reasoning and empirical research alongside with ideas still unknown to the international community. Considering "great ideas" in Russian psychology we can mark three types of their relevance to international science:* Concepts initially integrated into the world science, like Pavlov' and Vygotsky', which were afterwards explicated and developed in different ways in Russia and in the West. Analysis of these developments can promote new understanding in important spheres.* Concepts mainly unknown for the broad international scientific community but which can be understood as contrapuntal to well known theories. A good example of this kind is Russian evolutionary psychology. Oxford University Press issued a book in 2002: "Infant Chimpanzee and Human Child: A Classic 1935 Comparative Study of Ape Emotions and Intelligence" - that is a paperback of the classic work by N.N. Ladygina-Kots. The fact that it has been returned to the scientific community after a long time obscurity is the evidence of true recognition of Ladygina-Kots's and her colleagues' contribution to the international science. Her works pioneered the new section in psychology - evolutionary psychology. As a Darwinist, she emphasized the evolutionary nature of human cognition and emotion likewise modern Western evolutionary psychologists do. However, as a true representative of Russian psychological tradition she was much concerned with the dialectics of human nature and, therefore, highlighted fundamental differences between animals and human beings alongside with similarities. Her approach radically differs from the approach being developed in modern western science. She always insisted that an ape is in no way human, absolutely not human, rather than not absolutely human. This opposition makes her works particularly valuable for contemporary Western specialists and Oxford republication of her classic monograph acknowledges her contribution.* Concepts still unknown for the broad scientific community, which might be a «zone of proximal development» for the international science. Among these personality impact on psycho-physiological functions and causal approach to self-determination should be named - key concept for Russian psychological tradition.The concept of self-determination appeared in Western theories in 1980-es and since then it has been developed in the context of teleological humanitarian approach, viewed as an intrinsic quality of human being, which can explain human behavior itself beyond explanation. In Russian science the concept of self-determination dates back to 1934, when it was defined by Rubinstein as "sub'ekt"[1]. Self-determination of ontogenesis of psycho physiological functions resulting from confluence of ontogenesis and social development was explicated by Russian scientists. …


We evaluate the pore volume available for a specific potential geologic carbon dioxide storage site in the Queenston Formation near the AES Corporation Cayuga coal-fired power plant in Tompkins County, New York. Well core data collected 25 miles (40 kilometers) from the AES Cayuga plant reveal that the Queenston Formation is a relatively homogenous fine to medium grained sandstone with hematite cement. Cross and planar bedding are the dominant sedimentary structures, and mudstone ripup clasts are common. Based on observed core characteristics, the Queenston Formation was divided into six lithofacies, and base level cycles were interpreted from the characteristics of these lithofacies. Gamma, neutron porosity, and electron density well logs collected near the AES site reveal four stacked petrophysical zones (Queenston B (top) to E (base)) that can also be related to seismic and core data. Seismic data record likely unconformities within these zones. Well core and log signatures imply that petrophysical zones B and C each represents a cycle of base level fall followed by base level rise. An isopach map generated from the seismic data reveals that the Queenston Formation is thickest in a NNW trending depocenter. This trend is similar to the paleocurrent direction recorded in the Juniata Formation, the Pennsylvania equivalent to the Queenston Formation, which suggests these depocenters may coincide with channels cut during base level fall and then subsequently filled during base level rise. Seismic and core


Introduction: Periodization in resistance training is necessary to obtain better gains from different manifestations of strength as the training progresses.
Objective: To compare two different training periodization models on maximum strength and power using for a period of 24 weeks.
Methods: An experimental study, with a convenience sample, in which 12 young adults (20-45 years old), of both genders participated. Participants were randomly allocated to the two types of intervention: weekly undulatory periodization (WUP) and daily undulatory periodization (DUP). The intervention lasted 24 weeks.
Results: Both DUP and WUP showed improvements in strength, but in DUP, gains were observed from week 8 (p = 0.003) and WUP from week 16 (p = 0.004) without significant differences for power tests. As for intergroup differences, a moderate effect size (d = 0.512) was observed at week 16 for DUP when compared to WUP in the leg press 45o. For power, the moderate effect size was observed in the SJT in the post period (d = 0.549) for the WUP compared to the DUP.
Conclusion: It is concluded that comparing DUP with WUP to optimize strength gains, DUP is more efficient, but if the aim is to improve power performance, WUP can be a better strategy.


A 3.2 MeV injector has been designed and built for the second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Darht-II accelerator is a linac which produces a 2000 ampere electron pulse with a flattop width of at least 2-microseconds and emittance of less than 0.15 π cm-rad normalized. The installation of the injector system is presently underway and commissioning is expected to begin in December 2000. The design and construction of the injector was completed by LBNL. The Marx Generator was designed and built under subcontract to LBNL. The installation of the insulating column will be occurring during August 2000. The Darht-II injector High Voltage Column and Cathode Assembly are housed within a 4 meter diameter by 9 meter tall vacuum enclosure. The cathode assembly is supported on top of a vertically oriented insulating column. This arrangement is shown in figure 1.


Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading on reading growth, research supporting this notion is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of time spent reading at school and at home on intermediate grade students' reading achievement. One hundred and ninety-five students in Grades 5 and 6 kept daily reading logs from mid-January through mid-May. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, in which standardized reading comprehension scores prior to the study served as a covariate, revealed that amount of time spent on reading during the reading period contributed significantly to gains in students' reading achievement. Time spent on reading at home was not significantly related to reading achievement gains. Findings provide needed research support for the idea that time engaged in silent reading at school is beneficial to intermediate grade students.


We introduce a certain class of summability methods on $L^{\infty}([1, \infty))$ which is defined by convolution in the group algebra $L^1(\mathbb{R}^{\times})$. This class contains an integral version of Ces\`{a}ro summability method and we particularly give a necessary and sufficient condition for a summability method in the class to equivalent to this one. Also, we consider another class of summability methods concerned with convolution in the group algebra $L^1(\mathbb{R})$ and give similar results.


detection and tracking of humans using multi-sensor modalities including 3D Ladar and long wave infrared (LWIR) video. By combining data from these sensors, we can detect individuals regardless of whether they are erect, crouched, prone, or partially occluded by other obstacles. Such algorithms are integral to the development and fielding of future " intelligent " unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). In order for robots to be integrated effectively into small combat teams in the operational environment, the autonomous vehicles must maneuver safely among our troops and therefore must be capable of detecting stationary and moving people in cluttered scenes.


A dynamical system's state evolves over time, and when the system stays near a particular state this state is known as a stable state of the system. Through control methods, dynamical systems can be manipulated such that virtually any state can be made stable. Although most real systems evolve continuously in time the application of digital control methods to these systems is inherently discrete. States are sampled (with sensors) and fed back into the system in discrete-time to determine the input needed to control the continuous system. Additionally, dynamical systems often experience time delays. Some examples of time delays are delays due to transmission distances, processing software, sampling information, and many more. Such delays are often a cause of poor performance and, at times, instability in these systems. Recently a criterion referred to as intrinsic stability has been developed that ensures that a dynamic system cannot be destabilized by delays. The goal of this thesis is to broaden the definition of intrinsic stability to closed-loop systems, which are systems in which the control depends on the state of the system, and to determine control parameters that optimize this resilience to time delays. Here, we give criteria describing when a closed-loop system is intrinsically stable. This allows us to give examples in which systems controlled using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control can be made intrinsically stable.


Based on the practice, a study has been made on GPS RTK by setting up the precision of height root points, from which the results are supportive of the future similiar tasks.


All youth are at risk for adolescent pregnancy, yet some are more at risk than others. Although risk and protective factors paradigms are certainly not new to the field, this research takes a multilevel ecological approach and seeks to specify the relative merit of individual-level factors compared to social environment factors for explaining sexual behavior. This research explores nuanced similarities and differences between youth who abstain from sex, those who are sexually active and report using contraception, and those who are sexually active and report no contraceptive use. Multivariate and logistic regression approaches highlight aspects of youths' individual characteristics and social environments that may have important influence on their sexual behavior. The regression models showed reliably predicted differences in each of the 3 risk groups. Factors that should be addressed by families, communities, and future public health programming efforts are also highlighted.


Practical management of the accounting process at Ukrainian enterprises requires the formation of their own accounting policy at each of them, which is the basis of the organization of the accounting process and the most important management tool. The article reveals the essence and procedure of development of accounting policies by domestic enterprises. It is proposed to define the accounting policy as a set of principles, methods, procedures, ways of organizing and maintaining accounting, compiling and submitting financial statements, which are chosen by the economic entity independently, taking into account the peculiarities of its activity over a long period and are reflected in the internal regulatory document of the enterprise. As a result of the research, the factors affecting the formation of accounting policy in the conditions of martial law and their reflection in accounting are summarized. New operations and new business risks were considered, which influenced the formation of the accounting policy, which in the conditions of martial law in most enterprises does not meet the requirements of the law and does not provide an opportunity to form a holistic view of the peculiarities of the accounting methodology and organization of a certain enterprise. Changes to the basic principles of the accounting policy and new components of the accounting policy are proposed, which may require changes in the conditions of martial law.
Based on the analysis of the practical aspect of the development of the accounting policy of enterprises in Ukraine the peculiarities of the disclosure of the tax policy of the enterprise are determined and the standards are given: the taxation system used by the enterprise; method of accounting of income and expenses in the organization's activities; the procedure for calculating the tax base for taxation.
Criteria for selecting and changing accounting policy, accounting approach to disclosure of information about changes in accounting policy, accounting estimates and correction of errors are established.


Published this week in Developmental Cell, an early study has shown that a particular gene in mice triggers an overproduction of neural crest cells (which generate a variety of important cell and tissue types in the body) whilst in the embryo, causing the roof of the mouth to be compressed into an arch shape. The development of higharched palate is therefore believed to occur much earlier than previously thought.


This paper deals with the trend to promote export of local agricultural and food products from the Republic of Moldova. We have analyzed the dynamics and structure of the trade balance, the development and the trend to change exports and imports of the Republic of Moldova depending on the partner countries as well as the evolution of exports by the type of agricultural and food products in 2009 2013. Research by the authors is based on statistical analysis methods of time series and the application of statistical methods for estimating trends in exports and imports of food products in Moldova. Thus, the authors concluded that reorientation is required to producers of agricultural products to other markets than the traditional, while improving product quality and review marketing strategies, targeting in particular the Russian Federation.


BACKGROUND: Children's brain is continuously developing. Radiation oncologists usually refrain from radiating brain in the first 3 years. PURPOSE: To identify the feasibility of irradiating infratentorial ependymoma postoperatively in children below 3 years and to report on its effect on survival and toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty seven children were diagnosed as ependymoma in children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt (CCHE) during the period from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010. Out of these, 6 (16.2%) were below 3 years old. They were all males with a median age of 20.5 (range: 13-25) months. Two tumors were totally excised having anaplastc type (G III). The other 4 were excised with residual left infiltrating the brainstem. The histopathology was G II in 2 patients and anaplastic in the other 2. Only two patients received chemotherapy prior to subtotal excision. All 6 children received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to decrease the dose to brainstem. RESULTS: All patients tolerated the prescribed radiotherapy dose that ranged from 5400 to 5940 cGy with a median of 5580 cGy in 42-45 days without gap (except in one patients, 4 days, for social reason). The immediate side effects were partial alopecia in 5 patients, nausea and vomiting (grade II) in 2 patients and anorexia in all patients. All 6 patients were alive for a median of 33 months (range 8-38). Four out of the 6 (66.7%) had MRI free of tumor at a range of 18-34 months. The other 2 patients showed stationary tumor size on MRI. One patient had cystic cavitations on MRI, while another one had ototoxcity that needed hearing aids. Both patients received chemotherapy preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy for pediatric infratentorial ependymoma leads to good results in children below 3 years. Though of the relatively short follow up yet, the delayed complications are limited and outweighed the survival benefit.


There is one problem in India right now that is the actual suffering of people due to coronavirus infections growing rapidly throughout the whole States of the nation. Thus, all this pandemic one must implement a breakthrough solution that is thought upon with hard effort and attitude without any discrepancy of race and gender. One solution that our group has researched on the real time analysis of face mask using image processing. This method uses the field of deep learning and the field machine learning to successfully attain the mastery or identification or detection of something that has no mask worn. Are Idea utilizing Perfect Combination of the webcam, and also platform to process data which is the computer. Now coming to solve in the real-time problem, we ensure that the project is having a good amount of accuracy without any loss of awareness and ability to discern one data set to another.


The definitive guide to using Microsoft Visual C#™ .NET to develop stand-alone applications for Microsoft Windows and Web-enabled Microsoft .NET applications Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects .NET (ADO.NET) is a set of libraries included with the Microsoft .NET Framework that helps you communicate with data from .NET-based applications-including XML data. Discover how to access, sort, and manipulate data in Web-enabled enterprise applications with this book. You'll get expert guidance and insider tips from a leading database and ADO authority about how to write, test, and debug database code with the tools and wizards in Visual Studio .NET. You'll also learn about the improved ADO.NET object model, its XML features for Web extensibility, its enhanced integration with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000, and more.


Social and Emotional Learning in Out-of-School Time: Foundations and Futures (Delaney & Moroney, 2018) offers a rich volume of experiences and voices of leadership in social and emotional learning (SEL) in out-of-school time (OST) settings. From various vantage points and with unique voices, the chapters address all stages of intentional SEL programming, including progress made in the field in clarifying and measuring the strength of SEL outcomes and identifying needed professional development. This is an important resource for students and practitioners of positive youth development, SEL, and OST learning environments.