There are limited data on how long neutralizing antibody (NAb) response elicited via primary SARS‐CoV‐2 infection will last. Eighty‐four serum samples were obtained from a prospective cohort of 42 laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 inpatients at the time of discharge from the hospital and in the late convalescent phase. A virus neutralization assay was performed to determine the presence and titers of NAbs with authentic SARS‐CoV‐2. Long‐term dynamics of NAbs and factors that may have an impact on humoral immunity were investigated. Mild and moderate/severe patients were compared. The mean sampling time was 11.12 ± 5.02 days (4–28) for the discharge test and 268.12 ± 11.65 days (247–296) for the follow‐up test. NAb response was present in 83.3% of the patients about 10 months after infection. The detectable long‐term NAb rate was significantly higher in mild patients when compared to moderate/severe patients (95.7% vs. 68.4%, p = 0.025). In the follow‐up, NAb‐positive and ‐negative patients were compared to determine the predictors of the presence of long‐term humoral immunity. The only significant factor was disease severity. Patients with mild infections have more chance to have NAbs for a longer time. Age, gender, and comorbidity did not affect long‐term NAb response. NAb titers decreased significantly over time, with an average rank of 24.0 versus 19.1 (p = 0.002). Multivariate generalized estimating equation analysis revealed that no parameter has an impact on the change of NAb titers over time. The majority of the late convalescent patients still had detectable low levels of neutralizing antibodies. The protective effect of these titers of NAbs from re‐infections needs further studies.


The license plate recognition system plays an important role in a variety of applications under the umbrella of intelligent transportation systems. However, in the complex real-world road environment, mud, fog, poor illumination, and other environmental situations degrade the quality of the vehicle license plate image and present a challenge to the development of a functional license plate recognition system. To target this problem, a method based on fuzzy binarization is presented. In this approach, chromatic information is applied first to classify each license plate image into four categories that are typical for vehicles in China; then a binarization approach based on the fuzzy c-mean is applied to generate the binary image, during which a dynamic procedure is utilized for adapting the threshold value to the changing real-world road environment. Empirical results based on the processing of 1,000 real-world vehicle license plate images show that the proposed approach performs well compared with traditional approaches.


ABSTRACT I evaluated fish community structure and the density and growth of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) downstream of Libby Dam in a 1.0-km reach of the Kootenai River, Idaho, in 1994 and compared the results with those of a similar study in 1980, after closure of the dam. In 1980 seven species of fish were collected; mountain whitefish comprised 70% of the sample (42% by weight), and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) represented 19% of the sample (49% by weight). In 1994 of the eight species caught, mountain whitefish represented only 40% by number (19% by weight), and the largescale sucker was 65% of the sample (70% by weight). Growth of mountain whitefish was also slower in the early 1990s compared to the later 1970s. Reduced productivity because of the nutrient sink effect of Lake Koocanusa, river regulation, the lack of flushing flows, power peaking, and changes in river temperature may have led to the changes in the fish community structure.


The aim of the paper is to outline the main challenges and opportunities for creative industries in age of data economics and characterize the Latvian
Colleges of Culture project "Data design training programme" that is aimed to overcome the problem with lack of professionals of specialists in business data visualization.


The present invention belongs to the field of nano-processing, we present a cut or a thinned connector nanomaterials method: applying between two nanomaterial having good conductivity constant voltage, and then let the two nano-contact material, use thereof in thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and geometry differences and other factors present in the nanomaterial wherein a temperature at the first reaches the contact may be damaged (e.g. thermal evaporation) of the desired temperature, so that it is destroyed at the contact It is skived or cut off, and the cut away portion may be connected to two contact posture to another nanomaterials nanomaterials, forming an interconnect structure. The present invention has the research and application of nanomaterials is very important, has broad application prospects for the scanning probe tip can be manufactured or manufacturing a carbon nanotube field emission tip, a dimensional length of the control material, a modified nanomaterials and a tip tube body morphology and the interconnect structure constructed like nanomaterials.


We define a local stochastic parameter for some simple dynamical systems and analyse it in the frame of renormalization group methods. Tome 41


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune‐mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that is associated with HLA class II molecules HLA‐DR2, ‐DR3 and ‐DR4. Previously, it has been difficult to analyze the role of individual HLA molecules in disease pathogenesis due to heterogeneity of MHC genes, linkage disequilibrium, influence of non‐MHC genes and contribution of environment. To overcome some of these problems, we have generated HLA‐transgenic (tg) mice to investigate function and interaction of these molecules in disease pathogenesis. To investigate the role of individual HLA class IIgenes in immune responses to human proteolipid protein (PLP), a candidate autoantigen in MS, mice expressing HLA genes DR2, DR3, DR4 (DRB1*;0401 and DRB1*;0402), DQ6 and DQ8, lacking endogenous class II molecules were immunized with overlapping peptides of PLP. In all tg mice, the majority of the dominant T cell epitopes were clustered mainly to three region; amino acids 31–70, 91–120 and 178–228, of the PLP molecules. We also identified an encephalitogenic epitope PLP91–110 that induced clinical EAE in HLA‐DR3 tg mice. These tg mice had inflammatory infiltrates classically associated with EAE and showed a Th1 cytokine profile. This humanized mouse model of MS will be valuable in deciphering the role of HLA molecules and autoantigens in MS.


Historically, face-lifting consisted of elevating the skin, placing it under tension to reduce the wrinkles, resecting the skin needed to accomplish this, and then securing the resected edges. However, over time, facelift surgery evolved beyond the Dorland's definition of "rhytidectomy" (excision of skin for the elimination of wrinkles [1]) and various different techniques and indications have been described.We report of the pre-auricular facelift approach, as described by Skoog [2] for alternative use: The excision of a giant cell tumour, utilizing this facelift technique to achieve serial excision from a two year old, male patient's face. This has resulted in a satisfactory aesthetic outcome and scar alignment in favourable area as well as excision of a significant part of the lesion, and awaiting further serial excision for completion.


Until recently, Smart Home technologies are still not widely deployed in most peoples living spaces. The main reason is that operations management mechanisms for Smart Home such as remote deployment, monitoring, and maintenance are not well-studied and only a few attempts have so far been made toward this aspect. CWMP, proposed by Broadband Forum, is a promising standard for realizing a Smart Home operations management platform. Previously, we have investigated real-world operations management issues of Smart Home services, namely, newly installed, module purchasing and download, service start, service update, service diagnosis, failure recovery, usage statistics, and billing. After examining CWMP in detail, several issues of CWMP, namely, poor performance and scalability, poor domain model design and inappropriate web callback architecture, have been identified. The objective of this paper is, therefore, to deal with the issues mentioned above by suggesting a set of RESTful ways to refactor the CWMP-based operations management platform. The overall approach is based on the RESTful architectural style. The proposed architecture has been realized as an operations management platform prototype. Validations and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.


after injection or may remain permanent in some animals. Permanent titers were not seen in our study. The CF titers of horses tested intrapalpebrally on a second occasion may not disappear as rapidly as suggested by this study. The observation of decreasing CF titers during repeated testing for a few weeks while refraining from additional mallein priming is an indication of the final response an animal may make. Other serologic methods, such as the ELISA and western blotting of proteins, are being investigated for potential replacement of the mallein test as a supplemental test for glanders. Acknowledgement. We thank Ms. Judy Nicholson for technical assistance.


Depleting aggregate resources and the inherent variability and inconsistencies in the aggregates' geometric properties are becoming topics of greater concern in the delivery of concrete. Gap-graded concrete can be used in lower workability ranges and it has been proved that superior quality and greater economic benefits can be achieved by its usage. This study was undertaken to understand the qualitative and economic alterations when high volume fly ash concrete and gap-graded aggregates were used simultaneously. Marginal and fine sands were defined on the basis of the grading limits of the Indian standard. A set of 41 concrete mixture proportions incorporating various fine and marginal sands and high volumes of fly ash (HVFA) were used in this investigation. Fresh properties of like Vee- Bee time, density, air content, compaction factor and hardened properties in the form of uniaxial unconfmed compressive strength and flexural strengths were measured up to 181 days. Results show that with proper mix proportioning and optimization, marginal materials in combination with HVF A could be utilized in concrete for pavement applications. The results also demonstrate a possibility of effortless cement replacement by fly ash in the range of 40-50%, with resultant economic benefits.


The aim of the article is to assess the contribution of Nobel Prize winners in economics to the development of modern micro-economic theory. To do this, we analyze the scientific achievements of leading modern economists, highly praised by the Nobel Committee in various periods since 1972. It is emphasized that microeconomics, which has long been considered an abstract science, thanks to the scientific achievements of Nobel Prize winners, is increasingly focused on solving problems of economic practice. It is noted that the Nobel laureates made the greatest contribution to market research. This applies, in particular, to the analysis of markets with asymmetric information (G. Akerlof, M. Spence, J. Stiglitz) and the analysis of market positions and regulation (J. Tirole). The importance of the "Ideal Demand System" (A. Deaton, J. Muehlbauer), which is a widely accepted method of studying the effects of economic policy, inflation indices, as well as comparing the state and dynamics of purchasing power in different countries. The contribution of V. Smith to the formation of experimental research in microeconomic theory is analyzed. It is concluded that the use of natural experiments to solve macroeconomic and socio-economic problems, for example, to combat unemployment or to identify the impact of the minimum wage on labor market conditions. The model of economic efficiency proposed by the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto is described, it is specified that the marginal theory of welfare is built on the solution of the problem of the ratio of the efficient state of the economy and justice in the distribution of goods. The central positions of the theory of well-being and the significance of the works of J. Hicks, K. Arrow, M. Allais and A. Sen in its creation are studied. The evolution of views on the theory of consumer choice is traced and the contribution of Nobel laureates in the emergence and formation of behavioral economics, the founders of which are considered to be H. Simon and D. Kahneman. It is concluded that the developed theoretical concepts have a significant impact on practical economic life and the need to form sound objective conclusions based on the results of the Nobel Prize winners in microeconomic theory.


This study examined student difficulties related to the potential in the hydrogen atom, and the corresponding ground state, with special attention paid to the role of the Jacobian. The study focused on a population of graduate students at The Ohio State University, and their ability to (1) sketch the approximate potential and radial part of the ground state wavefunction in hydrogen, and (2) their ability to relate this prerequisite knowledge to another relevant quantity: the Bohr radius. Student responses to a sequence of three questions were obtained at the beginning and end of the students' final semester of graduate quantum mechanics. Several prevalent difficulties were identified that persisted to the end of the course, including an inability to sketch the above-mentioned basic features of hydrogen, and a lack of understanding of the Bohr radius.


Intelligent systems allow humans to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration. In today's world, where every day-to-day commodity is getting smarter, like watches, wrist bands, mobile phones, and the like, so should vehicles. With the development of new techniques, objects are being transformed into another level. This paper presents a secure and robust implementation of security and automated features in smart vehicles that will transform ordinary vehicles, which has several benefits including increased reliability, security, safety, and the like. The implementation provides a number of benefits including providing security to vehicles, safety to drivers, and automated emergency services, where every vehicle is connected to a database which receives and sends data for the smartest, highly secure, and safe driving. Security of the data, which is a major concern in making the vehicles smart, is also taken care of in this paper where each vehicle is identified by the IPv6 technology.


Ramón Sampedro, a former seaman and later poet, died in 1998. Now having passed the twentieth anniversary of his death, his work and life return to the spotlight with the attendant issues of disability, trauma, agency and end-of-life. The film Mar Adentro or, The Sea Inside (Amenábar, 2004), provides a lens with which to view some familial and cultural resonances of disability trauma. This paper critiques the ideological underpinnings of the film, suggesting that the film is haunted by ableist notions of the body. Garland-Thomson's notion of the misfit (2011) is employed to illustrate how the central character is portrayed as a borderline figure between life and death. Kristeva's abjection theory is used to illustrate how the beach is used as a borderline which demarcates the hero's subject/abject position. This paper hypothesises that the use of the beach as metaphor and the use of Galicia as a 'haunted' space, encourages the audience to understand persons with disabilities as 'neither here nor there'; rather, as 'not quite human beings'.


Background. Angelman syndrome (AS) is rare genetic disease characterized by severe mental retardation, gross developmental speech delay, facial dysmorphia, disorders of motor activity, behavior and sleep, epileptic seizures manifestation. Pathology refers to diseases of genomic imprinting. There are four possible mechanisms of pathology development in Angelman syndrome: 15q11.2-q13 deletion on the chromosome 15 of maternal origin, mutation of the ubiquitin ligase (UBE3A) gene at the 15q11.2 locus on the chromosome 15 of maternal origin, uniparental disomy of the 15q11.2-q13 region of paternal origin, imprinting center defect.Clinical case description. Clinical picture of Angelman syndrome in two twin sibs (boy E., girl V.) observed in Children's City Clinical Hospital № 1 in Nizhny Novgorod is presented. Children from consecutive pregnancy with dichorionic-diamniotic twins; preterm birth at 30 weeks. There was burdened obstetric-biological and perinatal history due to the threatened miscarriage during this pregnancy and due to asphyxia of both children during delivery. The disease has classical course in both patients: static functions development delay, gross developmental speech and intellectual delay, behavioral and motor disorders (stereotypy, tremor, ataxia, episodes of unmotivated laughter, sleep disorders), presence of typical facial dysmorphia. This diagnosis was confirmed by the molecular genetic study (boy — mutation in exon 7 of the UBE3A gene, girl — mutations in exons 6 and 7 of the UBE3A gene). Features of epileptic seizure therapy in both patients are presented.Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates typical clinical picture of AS in two sibs confirmed by molecular genetic study. The therapy of this syndrome is very complicated. The described patients require constant anticonvulsant therapy, observation of neurologist, psychotherapist, working with speech pathologist. Complete correction of this syndrome is impossible.


Abstract Context Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare aggressive disease with heterogeneous prognoses. Previous studies identified hypermethylation in the promoter region of specific genes to be associated with poor clinical outcome. Objective Comparative analysis of promising hypermethylated genes as prognostic markers and evaluation of their added value to established clinical prognostic tools. Design We included 237 patients with ACCs. Tumor DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Targeted pyrosequencing was used to detect promoter region methylation in 5 preselected genes (PAX5, GSTP1, PYCARD, PAX6, G0S2). The prognostic role of hypermethylation pattern was compared with the Stage, Grade, Resection status, Age, Symptoms (S-GRAS) score. Primary endpoints were progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with disease-free (DFS) as secondary endpoint. Results A total of 27.9%, 13.9%, 49%, 49%, and 25.3% of cases showed hypermethylation in PAX5, GSTP1, PYCARD, PAX6, and G0S2, respectively. Hypermethylation in all individual genes—except GSTP1—was significantly associated with both PFS and OS—with hazard ratios (HR) between 1.4 and 2.3. However, only hypermethylation of PAX5 remained significantly associated with OS (P = 0.013; HR = 1.95, 95% CI, 1.2-3.3) in multivariable analysis. A model for risk stratification was developed, combining PAX5 methylation status and S-GRAS groups, showing improved prognostic performance compared to S-GRAS alone (Harrell's C index: OS = 0.751, PFS = 0.711, DFS = 0.688). Conclusions This study demonstrated that hypermethylation in PAX5 is associated with worst clinical outcome in ACC, even after accounting for S-GRAS score. Assessing methylation in FFPE material is straightforward in the clinical setting and could be used to improve accuracy of prognostic classification, enabling the direction of personalized management.


Message headers (of eg. HTTP packets) are compressed using an indexing table which dynamically associates header values with respective coding indexes. A dictionary is constructed and updated according to new headers, and differential delta coding encodes only the difference between consecutive headers (eg. those sharing a common prefix) to exploit redundancy. Different representation codings (literal, delta or full reference) or indexings (none, incremental or substitution) are selected for low, medium and high table occupancy levels respectively. Incremental indexing is generally used until a maximum table size is reached, whereupon substitution indexing is employed based on a novelty criterion or the least recently used entries.


This is a draft chapter that has been accepted for publication by Edward Elgar Publishing in the forthcoming book Research Handbook on Representative Shareholder Litigation edited by Sean Griffith, Jessica Erickson, David H. Webber, and Verity Winship and due to be published in 2017. It offers a historical and theoretical context for understanding the voluminous body of scholarship examining the contemporary social function of private Rule 10b-5 enforcement.


Strontium lanthanum niobate (SLN) ceramics were prepared by the conventional mixed-oxide method and the crystalline microstructure, surface morphology and electric properties were investigated. The x-ray diffraction pattern shows that there exist no other phases. The grains turn from club-shaped into sheet and become uniform as lanthanum content increases from 0.03 to 0.12. The dielectric constant decreases with the increasing lanthanum content. As the lanthanum content increases from 0.03 to 0.12, the hysteresis loop becomes gradually slimmer and slimmer, and then both the remanent polarization and the coercive field decrease.


Let $\frak{g}$ be a finite dimensional simple complex Lie algebra and $U=U_q(\frak{g})$ the quantized enveloping algebra (in the sense of Jantzen) with $q$ being generic. In this paper, we show that the center $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ of the quantum group $U_q(\frak{g})$ is isomorphic to a monoid algebra, and that $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ is a polynomial algebra if and only if $\frak{g}$ is of type $A_1, B_n, C_n, D_{2k+2}, E_7, E_8, F_4$ or $G_2.$ Moreover, in case $\frak{g}$ is of type $D_{n}$ with $n$ odd, then $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ is isomorphic to a quotient algebra of a polynomial algebra in $n+1$ variables with one relation; in case $\frak{g}$ is of type $E_6$, then $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ is isomorphic to a quotient algebra of a polynomial algebra in fourteen variables with eight relations; in case $\frak{g}$ is of type $A_{n}$, then $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ is isomorphic to a quotient algebra of a polynomial algebra described by $n$-sequences.


Ketoconazole is an imidazole broad-spectrum antifungal agent used for systemic and local infections. The pharmacokinetic information for ketoconazole is relatively limited. The validated method for determining ketoconazole in plasma rabbit is not yet reported. The HPLC-UV method is simple, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and only requires a small blood sampling. The chromatographic system consisted of a reversed-phase C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection wavelength of 240 nm, and the retention time of about 5 minutes for ketoconazole and 11 min for itraconazole as internal standard. The calibration curve presented linearity in the 0.05-8 µg/ml with R2=0.9969, which indicated good linearity. The method's precision was obtained by intra-day and inter-day repeatability studies, and accuracy was examined by %diff. The result is


Mucus forms a gel layer which covers a number of epithelia in close contact with a hostile environment as in the intestine. Mucins are large and complex glycoproteins which form the major structural molecules in this mucus layer. Mucus acts as a barrier protecting the underlying epithelium. Alterati


Summary: Pluripotent cells arise from ex vivo cultures of early embryonic cells (morula, inner cell mass, epiblast, primordial germ cells). They are designated as ESC, EpiSC, EGC, respectively. Stringent criteria for pluripotent cells are: in vitro differentiation into cells that represent all three germ layers, active transcriptional regulatory network (Nanog, Okt4, Sox2, TCF3 and others), teratoma formation. Chimera formation with subsequent germ line transmission and tetraploid complementation assay are aplied for mouse cells only. Three distinct methods of experimentally induced pluripotency in somatic cells include: nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and direct reprogramming by ectopic expression of several transcription regulators. Induction of pluripotent cells from mouse fibroblasts and human dermal fibroblasts by ectopic expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 is described in details.


The invention discloses attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite sand. The technical scheme is mainly characterized in that the attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite sand is composed of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, attapulgite clay tailing powder, river bottom silt, red bentonite powder, fly ash, and bauxite tailings. The attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite sand is prepared by carrying out steps of mixing, granulating, baking, cooling, sieving and packaging on the ingredients of the attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite. The attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite is spherical and has the advantages of high strength, low crushing rate, stable quality, porous inner part, corrosion resistance, and good frost resistance and earthquake resistance. The attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite sand can be produced by comprehensively utilizing the river bottom silt and the tailings, so that the attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite is good for improving the resource utilization rate, changing wastes to valuable things, reducing the occupied land area, and protecting and purifying the environment; and the attapulgite river bottom silt ceramsite sand is applicable to producing oil field fracturing propping agents and heat-preservation and sound-proof materials.


Objective:To study the MRI findings of brain metastases of lung cancer with different histology.Methods:36 cases of brain metastases of primary lung cancer with different histology confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In 36 cases,10 cases were solitary and 26 cases were multiple.The primary tumor was lung adenocarcinama in 13,squamous cell cancer in 26,small cell lung cancer in 1 and large cell carcinoma in 3.In 107focuses of 36 cases was squamous cell cancer in 71,adenocarcinama in 30,small cell lung cancer in 2 and large cell carcinoma in 4.Squamous cell carcinoma had a high proportion of edema and cystic degeneration,adenocarcinama of bleeding.Conclusion: The MRI findings of metastatic encephaloma were different due to a different types of original carcinoma.


Introduction: Globally, cardiovascular disease is the main contributor to mortality, accounting for about 17.5 million deaths, or 46.2% of deaths from non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the diabetes-related complications and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving different oral anticoagulants. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, hospital Islamabad from August 2021 to May 2022. The data were collected from 120 diabetic patients who were diagnosed with AF. After permission from the hospital ethical committee, a total of 120 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled in the study. A detailed history of DM and physical examination were done to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The data were collected from 120 patients. Out of 120 participants, 60 were treated with warfarin while 60 were considered as the control group. The median age was 26 years in group I and 25.3 years in group II (p=0.705). Female cases counted for 41 (86%) and 19 (14%) in the I and II groups, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with AF and diabetes have a high overall cardiovascular risk. Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were associated with lower hazards of diabetes complications and mortality than warfarin in patients with AF and DM.


Abstract The development of efficient and environmentally benign synthetic protocols has attracted increasing interest in modern organic syntheses in view of the growing concern over the environment. As part of this green concept, eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as an interesting type of ionic liquid and have shown their usefulness as environmentally benign sustainable alternative to the conventional organic solvents in synthetic chemistry to increase efficiency of organic transformations. The synthetic methodology with the use of DES as green solvent and inexpensive, biodegradable, recyclable catalyst and with its experimental simplicity and maximum synthetic efficiency will be attractive for academic and industrial research looking forward for simple catalytic organic transformations to synthesize drug like small molecules with structural diversity and molecular complexity. The present review focuses on the use of environmentally benign and inexpensive DES as solvent and catalyst in the field of organic chemistry.


Web services play a crucial role in e-business, providing application integration within and across enterprises and platforms. Hence there is an increasing need to make web services more efficient and perform better. Caching of data is a vital factor in improving the QoS and query performance of web-based applications. Invalidation mechanisms are used to refresh cache when accessing dynamic data from backend data sources. Time or expiry-based cache validation is suitable for enterprise applications where the data does not change very frequently. However, existing expiry-based caching solutions act at the URL/query level, thus increasing access to the data source and hence the response time. In this paper, we propose a time-based caching technique based on the schema of the data source. Our method performs cache validation at the levels of tables and columns, thus minimizing database access. Moreover, the column level granularity avoids database visits for queries that do not access expired columns. We have used simulations to test our design and the results show a significant improvement in reduction of database accesses for web applications thereby reducing bandwidth usage, server load and network traffic.


The free-electron laser facility FLASH at DESY (Hamburg) was upgraded during a five month shutdown in winter 2009 [1]. Part of this upgrade was the installation of a direct seeding experiment in the XUV spectral range. Beside all components for transport and diagnostics of the photon beam in and out of the accelerator environment, a new 10 m long variable gap undulator was installed upstream of the existing FLASH undulator system. The seed pulses are generated within a noble gas jet by focusing 40 fs long Ti: Sa laser pulses into it resulting a comb of higher harmonics. In the first phase of the experiment the 21st harmonic of the 800 nm drive laser will be used to seed the FEL process. The commissioning of the experiment has started in April and the first results are expected after the FLASH commissioning period mid of summer 2010. The experimental setup and the commissioning procedures as well as first result will be presented. (Less)


In this paper I argue against readings of Hertz that overly assimilate him into the thought of late 20 century anti-realists and pluralists. Firstly, as is well-known, various images of the same objects are possible according to Hertz. However, I will argue that this envisaged pluralism concerns the situation before all the evidence is considered i. e. before we can decide whether the images are correct and appropriate. Hertz believes in final and decisive battles of the kind he participated in while doing experiments in electrodynamics. Secondly, I will argue that the concept of representation is still quite appropriately applied to important aspects of images, namely when it comes to fundamental physical equations. In this context Hertz explicitly allows that "characteristics of our image, which claim to represent observable relations of things, do really and correctly correspond to them" (Hertz [1894] 1956, 9). A final consideration is Hertz's consistent appeal to the concept of the hypothesis. I will argue that his use of the concept does not indicate that he contributed to an increasing hypothetization of science, if this trend is understood in a strong sense, i. e. as the belief that the correctness of scientific theories cannot be established for principled reasons. As mentioned, when it comes to experimental evidence Hertz believes in decisive battles.


politics between 1931 and 1994 could have been avoided (3–7) as it can confuse the reader. There is also a degree of unevenness in the various parts of the book, where one part is just one chapter. Consistent periodisation throughout the book would have been useful for easy comprehension of a complex topic. Irrespective of these minor weaknesses, the contribution that the author makes to the scholarship in the field by highlighting several key tendencies in the electoral politics of the country can assist those who are inclined towards more in-depth reflection, further research and analysis.


Most stimuli in word association elicit the same primary response whether Ss are required to give one response only or more than one (Cofer, 1958; Osipow & Grooms, 1965). The aim of our experiment was to discover whether the associative reaction time (ART) of the (first or only) response was similarly unaffected by the length of the associacive task. Method.-The stimuli were 48 nouns, evenly divided (a) between high ( A or AA) and low (1 , 2, or 3 ) Thorndike-Lorge frequency and ( b ) between concrete and abstract meaning, assessed by three independent judges. Ss, 32 female undergrad~iates, gave single associations to half the stimuli and continuous associations to the other half. Stimuli were presented visually, and responses were oral. For each noun, three scores were derived: the (geometric) mean ARTs for single (S-ART) and continuous (C-ART) association, and the (arithmetic) mean number of associations ( m ) given in 30 sec. Resz4lts.-The over-all mean latencies were 1.95 sec. for S-ART and 2.54 sec. for C-ART. The difference between these means is significant ( 1 = 14.38). The Pearson correlation between S-ART and C-ART, though significant, fell far short of unity ( 7 = .47). Both ART measures correlated -.43 with m. Concrete nouns had higher m-values and shorter ARTs than abstract nouns ( p < .O1 in each case), but this effect was much stronger for m and S-ART than for C-ART. Biserial correlations beween each variable and concreteness were .71, -.72 and -.47, respectively. There was no main effect of frequency, and it did not interact with concreteness. Comments.--Over all nouns, concreteness and frequency are probably highly correlated; in the present sample, they were independent, and concreteness was clearly more important for associacive behavior. The increase in ART from single to continuous association may indicate a general relation between tasklength and initial speed of working, such as Katz (1949) reported for mental addition. But the disappointingly low correlation between the two ART measures and the differing extents to which they reflect concreteness suggest a more complex effect in need of further elucidation.


Introduction On the M68000 registers are partitioned into eight data registers and eight address registers[l]. Many authors consider this division to be a breakdown in instruction set orthogonality and a major shortcoming of the M68000 architecture[2][3]. However, an investigation at Hatfield Polytechnic into the impact of instruction set orthogonality on compiler code generation found that, in practice, this register division was not a problem. FLEC[4], a Hatfield Polytechnic research compiler, which compiles a subset of Modula-2[5] onto the M68000, was written to assist in this investigation. Our observations are derived from our experience while writing FLEC. A Summary of the M68000 Architecture The programmer model of the M68000 is shown in Fig 1. The eight data registers can be used for byte, word and long word (32-bit) data manipulation. The eight address registers support 16 and 32-bit values and include separate stack pointers (A7) for user and supervisor mode. A comprehensive set of instructions are provided to manipulate the data registers, but only a limited number of instructions manipulate the address registers (Table 1).


Gender consciousness is a kind of cognition of gender,gender identity and role identity of women plays a decisive role,thus affecting the selection and role behavior expectations. Under the gender perspective,combined with the methods of field survey and online survey to study of Hakka youth women,This paper studies the relationship between gender consciousness and selfefficacy level.


Nanocrystalline SiC films have been deposited on Si substrate by HFCVD technique.EDX,X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and transient fluorescence are employed to analyze the composition and the structure.The results from these techniques show that the films deposited are crystalline SiC.And the size of the SiC films is calculated to confirm the presence of nanocrystalline SiC.A strong ultraviolet emission PL from the films has been observed at room temperature.


. Each streamlining issue can be disentangled into the basic minimum-seeking dilemma. Which way is the most limited in separation? Which choice is the least expensive? Such inquiries are surely key to the investigation of optimisation. The accomplishment of genetic algorithm and swarm intelligence in managing enhancement issues is their common capacity to progressively find minima through straightforward, nearby associations of potential arrangements. This paper learns about streamlining methods like Genetic Algorithm utilizing Swarm Intelligence.


Music is an important subject of Tang Poetry, and almost all famous poets in Tang Dynasty wrote chant poems with different styles. This paper contrasts three chant poems to illustrate the different writing styles of them.


Though the network thermodynamics was introduced by Oster et al for modelling the bioenergy system, only few concrete utilities were reported. One of the reasons is in the insufficient representation on the power coupling mechanism in their papers. In this paper, we study the basic elements for the circuit model of power system by introducing the new "power balance equation". The basic elements are classifed three generalized elements which represent respectively the free energy change, the power dissipation on each power species and the power coupling between two power species in the system. The capacitors and the resistors for each power species and the transformer type transducers for the coupling -representation are devised as principal elements in the circuit model of membrane transport system. We show the coupled two-powers system can be synthesized as an elemental circuit model. The membrane transport system consisting of the water and non-electrolyte flows is also represented by the elemental circuit model.


1. Intracellular recordings were made from CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampal slice to study the cholinergic modulation of GABAergic inhibition. The cholinergic receptor agonist, carbamylcholine (carbachol), depressed evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), but enhanced small spontaneously occurring membrane potential fluctuations that resembled IPSPs. Both atropine (1 microM) and picrotoxin (25‐60 microM) abolished the small fluctuations. 2. Recording from cells with potassium or caesium chloride (KCl or CsCl)‐filled microelectrodes enhanced and inverted spontaneous Cl(‐)‐dependent GABAA‐mediated IPSPs. These events appeared to result from the spontaneous firing of GABAergic interneurons since they could be inhibited by picrotoxin or bicuculline and nearly eliminated by tetrodotoxin. 3. Muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor activation significantly increased the frequency of spontaneous‐activity‐dependent IPSPs from 1.7 +/‐ 0.4 s (mean +/‐ S.E.M.) in control saline to 7.0 +/‐ 1.1 s in carbachol (10‐50 microM)‐containing saline, although evoked IPSPs were inhibited. All effects of carbachol were completely reversed by atropine. 4. The increase in frequency of spontaneous IPSPs observed in carbachol was not secondary to changes in the postsynaptic cell and was not blocked by high doses of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX, 5‐10 microM) and 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (APV, 10‐20 microM), which abolished evoked excitatory transmission. Amplitude histograms showed an increase in mean size as well as of frequency of spontaneous IPSCs in carbachol. 5. Stimulation of cholinergic afferents in stratum oriens in the presence of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor eserine (1 microM) also increased spontaneous IPSP frequency, and the time course of this response was similar to that of the muscarinic slow EPSP. Postsynaptic factors or the activation of glutamatergic excitatory pathways could not account for this effect. 6. Evoked monosynaptic IPSCs in CNQX and APV were diminished by carbachol. 7. We conclude that GABAergic inhibitory interneurons possess muscarinic receptors, that activation of these receptors increases the excitability of the interneurons and that synaptically released ACh increases interneuronal activity. Cholinergic reduction of the monosynaptic IPSC may point to additional complexity in cholinergic regulation of the GABA system.


I N THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Of the next . decade, the outstanding new public service feature will be divisional reading roomy As a result of the example set by Colorado, Brown, and Nebraska, an increasing interest in this type of public service has on all sides become evident. According to the proponents of the idea, a number of advantages accrue from the use of divisional reading rooms. Because each reading room (devoted to the social sciences, the humanities, etc.) is smaller than the prevalent type of general reading room, students suffer from fewer distractions7,hrough open-shelf collections patrons are enabled to browse among a large number of standard treatisey By placing the reading rooms adjacent to the stacks, students can pass from one to the other with a minimum of inconveniencey Lastly, because librarians with special subject training supervise the reading rooms, it becomes possible to concentrate within · them a variety of servic9~ for example, at Nebraska, reference 5ooks and current periodicals are shelved in the reading rooms; both the general reference room and the current periodicals room have been abolished. To understand the erpergence of the divisional reading room, certain aspects of library history must be taken into account. One feature of the plan-the use of librarians with special subject training-requires no comment because it has for some years been discussed in library journals. The other basic feature-the open-shelf


This paper argues that performance appraisal as a method of studying what an employee (or a team) has accomplished in the past is expensive, has limited value, and may even be dysfunctional for improving future performance. The paper suggests replacing performance appraisal with performance targeting—a concept that embraces a strategic perspective and an orientation toward the future. Performance targeting shifts the focus from documenting and evaluating an employee's work to assesssing the partnership between a subordinate and a supervisor. In this relationship the supervisor and the subordinate share the responsibility for attaining desired results.


Abstract  This paper deals with the biological characteristics of the psocid Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) on a diet composed of whole wheat flour and yeast (10: 1) under different temperatures (17.5–35C) and relative humidities (50%‐90% RH). The results showed that at 75% RH development time from egg to adult varied from 71. 9 d at 20% to 21.7 d at 35C. At 28C it varied from 23.0 d at 90% RH to 34.4 d at 60% RH. The development threshold and the effective accumulated temperature for entire immature stages were estimated at 15. 7C and 460. 7 day‐degree, respectively. The survival rate from egg to adult was 64. 5% at 27. 5C while at 20C and 35C it was only 32.1% and 37. 0%, respectively. At 28C the survival rate ranged from 31. 2% at 60% RH to 67.8% at 80% RH. L. entomophila could not survive at any humidity at 17. 5C and below 50% RH. The average longevity of adult ranged from 32.4 d at 35C and 64.4 d at 20C. At 75% RH the mean egg production varied from 27.1 at 27. 5 C and 13. 9 at 20C and the greatest fecundity occurred at 90% RH with 28C. The optimal ranges of temperature and humidity for L. entomophila population growth were 27. 5–30C and 80%—90% RH. The distribution and the reason for its serious infestation in China are discussed.


nAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, along with numerous achievements in the field of cotton growing, Uzbekistan faced with a number of complex problems. While Uzbekistan still has a long way to go in transforming the cotton sector, some signs of improvement can be seen today. This article elucidates eligible ways to combat with the problems of growing cotton in Uzbekistan


In order to complement our previous study of the S‐state Gd3+ EPR, we have investigated the EPR of Dy3+ diluted in singlet‐ground‐state paramagnets, PrX and TmX (X=P, As) from 5 K to 50 K. The g‐values at 5 K have been found to be 7.1 ± 0.2 and 9 ± 1 for PrAs and TmAs, respectively, and they approach the theoretical g‐value for Γ6, 6.6, at high temperatures (T≃50 K). In the temperature range investigated, the observed g‐ shifts are proportional to the magnetic susceptibilities of the respective hosts. The position of the first‐ excited state of Dy3+ has been determined by comparing the temperature‐dependent intensities of the Dy3+ EPR with those of Gd3+ impurities in the same host. We have also measured the g‐values of Dy3+ in PrP, PrSb and TmP at 5 K. From the g‐shifts at low temperatures we have computed the exchange coupling constants between Dy3+ and its surrounding rare‐earth ions (Pr3+ and Tm3+). The temperature variation of the linewidth of Dy3+ in PrAs is discussed.


It has been ten years since the Norwegian banking crisis ended. Although many papers have been written about the Norwegian banking crisis, it may be time to consider the crisis in retrospect. Actually, it is our impression that a comprehensive, but reasonably compact description in English of the Norwegian banking crisis is lacking. With this publication, we try to fill this gap.


Dermacentor ( Amblyocentor) rhinocerinus permaculatus Neumann is considered here as a junior synonym of the nominal subspecies, from the examination of 96 adult specimens. The existence of intermediate forms in the scuta! pattern between these two taxa is noted as well as other minor variations in the morphology of this species.


Many population phenomena are driven by the behavior of individual animals. The effects of behavior on differential reproduction vary with the mating system and with ecological factors; understanding of the complex interactions requires both laboratory and field research. Ecologically-relevant laboratory research should be designed using generalizable behavioral patterns with animals of appropriate species, meaningful genotypes, and known early experience that are studied in carefully-designed situations. Three exemplars of research of potential relevance to population phenomena are discussed. Studies of dominance and differential reproduction in deer mice in seminatural enclosures suggest that dominant males make disproportionately large contributions to gene pools and that dominance may be heritable. Laboratory studies of reproductive function in individuals bearing different alleles, determined electrophoretically, appear relevant to population processes reported correlated with changes in gene frequencies at these loci. Patterns of mate choice in two species of Microtus may be important in generating their contrasting mating systems in the field. Well-designed laboratory research can help reveal behavioral processes critical to population phenomena.


The article presents an analysis of the results of monitoring the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education in educational institutions implementing educational programs of preschool education, conducted in 2020. The analysis is based on the results of monitoring obtained during the implementation of the project "Organizational and Methodological Support and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard preschool education in educational institutions that implement educational programs for preschool education, including for children under the age of 3 years "(state contract dated 17.12.2018 No. 03.Z18.11.0002), the executor of which is LLC" MIK ". According to the monitoring data, the most pressing problems were identified that hinder the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education and proposals for their elimination were formulated.


Given the challenges the libraries are facing in pursuit of adapting to the changes of the new century's information and communication revolution, using project management as proficiency instrument for taming these challenges can be beneficial for libraries. This article abridgedly presents the key theoretical aspects of project management, the state of affair of foreign libraries using project management as seen in the specialized scientific literature from the last few years, and, last, but not least, an attempt to establish the degree of use of project management in Romanian libraries at the moment of 2015 by the means of an interview guide and a netnographical research of one of the Romanian professional online platforms, Biblos [1]. Even though the results of the interview and the netnographic research have not met the expected results, the data revealed a certain status quo of the relationship the Romanian professional community has with project management culture.


The condition of sports activities of residents in major communities of Linhai City is investigated through questionnaire and interview. 240 questionnaires were sent out, and 95% of them, 223 effective ones, were taken back. The result indicates that residents in Linhai City still have some misunderstandings about health consciousness, the consciousness of physical exercise of residents is still not strong, and the campaign of body building for all has not carried out deeply.


Numerical simulations of flow patterns at ultra-low Reynolds numbers over rigid and flexible airfoils are presented, and the influence of flexibility on main aerodynamic properties are discussed. Typical unsteady flights like heaving and flapping are, in terms of Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, reduced frequencies and FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) factor, are valuated. It has been found that for some flexibility levels, the aerodynamic forces and propulsive efficiency are enhanced if compared with a rigid airfoil. The mathematical technical approach used to solve the laminar-incompressible flow equations coupled with structural algorithms, is described.


A simple theoretical model for the origin of spontaneous polarization in nanocrystals is developed. We propose that the origin of the spontaneous polarization is in the boundary layer between "cap" and the nanocrystal, and the internal electric field in the dot is due to the piezoelectric effect caused by the strain existing in the interface region of materials with different lattice constants. The model, based on spherical rotation symmetry without inversion [SO(3)], employs a distribution of polarization with symmetry which is a subgroup of SO(3) consistent with the hexagonal structure of wurtzite structure. We predict the internal electric field and compare with experimental data.


This study provides investigation results and discussion on axial forces and lateral forces applied to waterproofing membrane and fasteners, mainly purposed to demonstrate lateral forces affecting the mechanically-anchored waterproofing membrane system when subjected to strong winds during a typhoon on the island of Miyako in 2009. The polyvinyl chloride waterproofing membrane reinforced with polyester fiber was attached to the flat roof without parapets and the forces of fastener were measured by 6 component force transducer. It was considered that the lateral force affecting fastener of waterproofing membrane occurs by the difference between the windward and leeward at the fastener. Average lateral force of fastener was same value as its vertical force and a maximum lateral force was 1.7 times of it. The tension which pulled PVC sheet up was approximately 4 times as much as the wind pressure at the height of eaves of the building. It is presumed that such lateral forces and axial forces causes waterproof membrane damage that ripped the sheet during a typhoon.


For some time I have been interested in the role of the law when it comes to the medical treatment of children, and this seemed to me a good subject for a judge addressing the Royal Society of Medicine. When accepting the invitation to deliver the Stevens Lecture I could not have foreseen the public interest in this subject that would be aroused by the case of Child B, the 10-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia whose parents attempted to use the courts to quash the decision of the Cambridge Health Authority not to fund any further treatment of the child by chemotherapy and a second bone marrow transplant. However, I was not surprised by this case since the courts have become increasingly involved with medical interventions in children, partly because of advances in medical technology. The frequent resort to the courts is but one aspect of the readiness of society to use the courts as arbiters in areas which, when I qualified as a barrister in 1950, no one would have considered suitable for determination by judges. The courts do have an important part to play; but, as in other areas of law, they must be careful not to interfere in cases with which they are not properly equipped to deal. In particular, that applies to cases such as that of Child B. In 1992 I was a member of a court which decided that in no circumstances should the court order a medical practitioner to treat a child in a manner contrary to his clinical judgment and professional duty. In the course of my judgmnent I said:


The utility model provides a round-rod-type integrated stepping heating furnace, belonging to the technical field of a feeding system of a gas stepping heating furnace and solving the problem that the furnace temperature of the stepping furnace fluctuates wildly when a gate-type feeding device and a gate-type discharging device are started. The round-rod-type integrated stepping heating furnace is characterized in that a smoke discharging system and a feeding cantilever device are arranged at the same side of a heat accumulation cavity, the middle part of the feeding cantilever device is fixed on the heat accumulation cavity, the end part of a discharging cantilever device is provided with a discharging cantilever roller, a material conveying device and the feeding cantilever device are perpendicular to each other in the same horizontal plane, the discharging device and the discharging cantilever device are perpendicular to each other in the same horizontal plane, the difference between the diameters of a feeding opening and a discharging opening and the diameter of a round rod is between 6cm and 10 cm. The round-rod-type integrated stepping heating furnace has the advantages that temperature in the heat accumulation cavity fluctuates slightly; the heating temperature of the round rod fluctuates slightly and the round rod is heated uniformly; the problem that the furnace temperature of a gate-type stepping furnace fluctuates wildly is solved; the round-rod-type integrated stepping heating furnace is simple in structure and can be industrially popularized.


Introduction— Gleason 4+3 prostate cancer is associated with worse clinicopathologic outcomes than Gleason 3+4. Whether the increased risk associated with Gleason 4+3 is equivalent to ≥ 4+4 is unclear. Methods— We reviewed data from two separate cohorts pulled from the SEARCH Database. The first consisted of 374 men with biopsy Gleason 3+4 or greater, and the second consisted of 636 men with RP Gleason 3+4 or greater. We estimated the odds ratio of unfavorable surgical pathology for biopsy Gleason categories using logistic regression analysis. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, we estimated the relative risk of biochemical progression associated with each biopsy and RP Gleason category. Results— In the biopsy Gleason cohort, Gleason 4+3 was associated with increased odds of extracapsular extension (p=0.01) and seminal vesicle invasion (p<0.001) relative to biopsy Gleason 3+4. Biopsy Gleason 4+3 was associated with similar odds of adverse pathology relative to biopsy Gleason ≥ 4+4 (all p values >0.10), except higher-grade pathological tumors among men with biopsy Gleason ≥ 4+4 (p=0.001). After adjusting for multiple clinical characteristics, biopsy Gleason 4+3 was associated with increased recurrence risk relative to 3+4 (p=0.001), but similar progression risk as biopsy Gleason ≥ 4+4 (p=0.53). In the RP Gleason cohort and after adjustment for multiple clinicopathologic features, RP Gleason 4+3 was associated with increased progression risk relative to RP Gleason 3+4 (p=0.03), but similar progression risk as RP Gleason ≥ 4+4 (p= 0.24). Conclusions— In a multicenter database using pooled data from multiple pathologists, Gleason scores 4+3 and ≥ 4+4 exhibited similar clinicopathologic outcomes.


BACKGROUND
Stool-based DNA screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) was recently made available for use in daily clinical practice (PreGen-Plus). The main objectives of this study were to examine patients' screening experiences with stool DNA testing in routine clinical practice and the results of diagnostic colonoscopy in patients with an antecedent abnormal stool DNA test.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients undergoing stool-based DNA testing were asked to complete and return via mail an anonymous 10-item questionnaire inquiring about their test-related experiences. Colonoscopy findings for all abnormal stool-based DNA tests were ascertained via a telephone survey of the ordering primary care clinicians' offices.

RESULTS
Patient survey responses were collected between August 2003 and July 2005 and reflect an 18% (1211 of 6730) response rate. The majority reported that the specimen collection process was very easy/easy to perform (87%), that they were very likely/likely to use the test again (91%), and that they had never been screened for CRC previously by any method (52%). Tests were ordered predominantly by the patient's primary care clinician (90%), including obstetrician/gynecologist providers. Colonoscopy findings from 69 of 159 patients with an antecedent abnormal stool DNA test screened with PreGen-Plus between August 2003 and July 2004 were available for review. An abnormal stool DNA test correlated with a colonoscopically demonstrable abnormality in 49% of cases (34 of 69). Abnormal findings, including CRC in 3 patients (4%; 1 with Dukes A and 2 with Dukes B disease), single or multiple adenomatous polyps in 23 patients (33%), hyperplastic polyps in 3 patients (4%), and colitis in 5 patients (7%). Colonoscopy was reported as negative in 51% of patients (35 of 69), including 2 cases (3%) with an altered BAT-26 microsatellite caused by a normal polymorphism.

CONCLUSION
Stool DNA testing provides an acceptable noninvasive alternative for CRC screening that can identify early-stage CRCs and adenomatous polyps in routine clinical practice. Ongoing and broader surveys are indicated to support these early findings.


Surgical process of oral and maxillofacial area as well as dental treatment are stressful situations to the patient It is well known that serum level of stress hormone including adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and coltisal increase when the body is exposed to stress However there have been few studies on demographic and clinicla factors related with stress Therefore, the purpose of this study was to supply data to cope with stress more comprehensively and efficiently by analyzing the effect of factors related with stress in addition to surgical procedure.
Prospective conhort study method was selected Serum levels of ACTH and cortisol were measured by sampling bloods pre-operatively and post-operatively from 45patients who had been operated at Bundang Jesaeng Hospital department of oral and maxillofacial surgery To evaluate factors associated with stress, patients wrere classified according to gender, age, method of payment(insurance or self), experiences of operation, kind of operations(expected operations or unexpected operations) Relative risk was calculated to assess relationships between changes of serum level of ACTH and cortisol and factors related with stress, whereas Chi-square analysis was executed to evaluated statistical significance.
With regard to serum level of ACTH relative risk was 1 3 in the group of patients who were less the 40 years old With regard to serum level of cortisol, relative risk patients who had not experienced any other operations In addition to surgical procedure, facture related with stress included gender, age, method of payments, experiences of operation and kind operations.
Therefore, we should provide comprehensive schemes to reduce stress of the patients going through oral and maxillofacial surgery.


It was hypothesized that expressions of happiness within same-race dyads (consisting of two Caucasian students or two Asian students) would be perceived as more authentic than would expressions of happiness within mixed race dyads. The rationale was that expressions of happiness received from a member of a different race might be perceived as driven by politeness and a desire not to appear racially biased. Thus they might be discounted as evidence of true happiness. Such discounting was not expected to occur when expressions of happiness were received from a same race partner. These hypotheses were tested in two studies. In the first study, participants read a scripted interaction between pairs of Asian students, pairs of Caucasian students, or mixed pairs and judged the extent to which expressed happiness likely reflected true happiness. In a second study, participants actually participated in a five-minute videotaped interaction with a participant of the same race or with a participant of a different race. Later, in private, they indicated how much happiness they and their partner expressed, how much happiness they actually experienced in the interaction, and how much happiness they believed their partner experienced. Neither study yielded clear support for the original hypotheses. However, the second study did yield some compelling results relevant to perceptions of expressed and felt happiness. Specifically, participants consistently reported that: a) They, themselves, felt more happiness than they expressed (i.e. they suppressed happiness); b) In contrast, they reported that their partner expressed more happiness than that partner actually felt (i.e. they believed the partner was exaggerating happiness); and c) Whereas these results were evident for both Asians and Caucasians, there was a significant interaction such that these tendencies were more pronounced Perceptions of Happiness 3 among Caucasians than they were among Asians. Results are interpreted in terms of: a) the fundamental attribution error, and b) tendencies toward individualism in Western cultures and collectivism in Eastern cultures. Perceptions of Happiness 4 This research originally was designed to test hypotheses about when expressions of happiness would be taken at face value and thus would be likely to promote relationship development versus when expressions of happiness would be doubted and thereby less likely to promote relationship development. I suspected that expressions of happiness upon meeting another person ordinarily are taken as evidence of interpersonal interest and, as such, are likely to promote relationship development. I further suspected that in cross-race relationships, expressions of happiness upon meeting the other person might be perceived as due to politeness and a desire not to appear biased. As such, these expressions might be discounted and therefore be less likely to promote relationship development. Ultimately, little support for these ideas was obtained. However, because these ideas were the impetus to my research and, as such, guided the design of my studies, they are developed in this introduction to my thesis. Expression of Emotions as Social Interest Emotions are basic to our interactions with others. When happy, we often laugh, smile and speak with positive intonations. When sad, we are more likely to sigh, and speak softly with lower intonations. In our interactions with others, emotions serve as navigators for both us and others to better understand each other. They display our current mood states (Buck, 1984), and allow us to infer others' attitudes, thoughts and interests (Fridlund 1991a, 1994). Specifically, if upon meeting us, another person seems pleased in the sense that he or she smiles or conveys happiness through tone of voice or behavior, we assume that that person likes us and we are encouraged to pursue the interaction. If, however, upon meeting us, the other expresses little happiness or worse, Perceptions of Happiness 5 boredom or irritation, we assume that that person is not interested in pursuing further social interaction and we will, ourselves, back off from pursuing such interaction. Yet our expression of emotion is also subjected to a set of culturally defined display rules that mandate "deintensifying, intensifying, neutralizing, or masking an affect display" based on specific social situations and social roles (Ekman, Sorenson, & Friesen, 1969). For example, depending on one's culture, it is acceptable, if not expected, to cry at funerals and to laugh at funny jokes and to change one's expressions based on audience, such as when addressing young children or colleagues. Literature on display rules demonstrates that individuals feel obligated to express emotions in line with specific situations, such as when a stranger tells an unfunny joke, one must smile out of politeness and sometimes, one ends up smiling longer than one would naturally spend laughing or reacting to an inherently funny joke (Zaalberg et. al, 2004). As displayed emotions tend to intensify in the presence of and communication with others (Chovil, 1991; Chapman, 1973, 1975), the expression of appropriate emotions, especially when interacting with strangers in social situations, becomes an important aspect to understand. Imagine a commonplace scenario of two individuals meeting for the first time. As members of these interactions display positive emotions, what are they really thinking and feeling? In truth, accurately reading each other's expressed emotions is a very difficult task in this situation. Each member of the discussion might be expressing heartfelt happiness in meeting one another. However, because each member might also be following a display rule of smiling, nodding in agreement and delivering social graces such as, "Nice to meet you" and "Hi, how are you?" , the real meaning behind a smile or laugh may become ambiguous. Both individuals could be trying to communicate interest Perceptions of Happiness 6 in one another, or conversely, both could be sizing each other up, strategically presenting or suppressing their own emotions and making attributions of behavior to their personality from this first impression (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1993). Judging the expression of happiness as either genuine or forced depends on one's own attributions. Not only does this involve drawing upon an individual's previous experiences, but also one's given situation. I suspected an important factor that would make the meaning of expressed happiness ambiguous would be whether a person feels that he or she is stigmatized in some fashion. Stigmatized individuals are marked by some type of disgrace depending on the social or cultural situation and can include individuals with physical deviances such as visible scars, being a woman in a "man's world," and being a pejoratively perceived minority against the majority, such as African Americans or homosexuals. Despite the existence of stigmas, the vast majority of the population knows that one is not supposed to judge a book by its cover. That is, one should not behave negatively toward a handicapped person or a member of a minority group. If one does so, one risks being labeled as biased or prejudiced, and situates oneself in direct opposition to social norms (Crandall, Eshleman & O'Brien, 1994). Furthermore, one subjects the self to feelings of guilt and shame after failing to suppress prejudice (Monteith, 1993, 1996; Monteith, Devine, & Zuwerink, 1993; Plant & Devine, 1998). Thus, whereas considerable literature suggests that people feel uncomfortable around stigmatized persons and may restrict motor movement, eye contact and interaction time (Commer & Piliavan, 1972), they also know that they ought not to do this. Thus, they may also force some expressions of pleasure and happiness lest they reveal their prejudices. It is, therefore, Perceptions of Happiness 7 my contention that people often feel compelled to express pleasure upon meeting members of stigmatized groups (Allen, 1975), and also that members of such groups realize this and are thus likely to discount such expressions of pleasure. If this is true, I predicted, cross-race (relative to same race) interactions might be characterized by actors reporting expressing more positive emotion than they feel and by observers believing that actors do report more happiness than they feel. Masking True Emotions In the case of interacting with stigmatized individuals, what purposes might masking one's true emotions serve? Whereas one might label this as solely a superficial social grace, according to the ecological perspective, suppressing one's negative emotions can actually serve as a socially motivated tool, or in this case, a self-protective social measure. By displaying interest in what another individual is saying, regardless if one is truly interested or not, one comes across as an attentive, pleasant and caring person, and reinforces a positive self-image. Social reinforcement theorists would argue that displaying an affinity towards another increases reciprocal liking and elicits one's own positive feelings of self-worth (Lott & Lott, 1960; Segal, 1974). Research has shown that from even two seconds of observation of a person's non-verbal behavior, accurate impressions are formed (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1993). Thus, in a situation of meeting someone for the first time, individuals' motivations to project a positive impression of themselves ought to enhance public displays of positive non-verbal and verbal behavior. This is opposed to appearing apathetic, of having no inflection in voice and expressing no happiness in one's body language surely, one would feel uncomfortable with speaking to this person and infer he is far from interested in the Perceptions of Happiness 8 interaction. Successful interactions reinforce positive feelings and a positive image of the self. Accordingly, just as one desires to be liked, one assumes oth


Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act respecting naturalization through service in the armed forces to: (1) reduce the required service from three years to two years; and (2) prohibit the imposition of a naturalization fee.Provides for overseas naturalization proceedings for members of the armed forces.


Based on the World Travel Tourism Council Data Base,which provided eight main indexes of tourism competitiveness including Price Competitiveness,Openness,Technology,Infrastructure,Human Tourism,Social development,Environment and Human Resource of 207 countries,the paper undertook the research on the tourism competitiveness quantitatively using Principal Components Analysis,Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis with SPSS software.The results suggested that Social Development,Human Resources and Technology had higher contributions while Infrastructure and Environment had fewer contributions to the tourism competitiveness.Integrative tourism competitiveness of all the countries had also been reckoned.Cluster Analysis had divided all the countries into four groups.Those in group one and two were all underdeveloped countries while all the developed countries were included in group three and four.Discriminant Analysis had correctly classified 98.1% of original grouped countries.The tourism competitiveness of China were also discussed and found that Price Competitiveness was the main strength while Human tourism and Infrastructure were the key weaknesses.Finally the problems needed to further study were put forward.


THE COMPOUNDS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ARE ENCEPHALINE DERIVATIVES OF THE GENERAL FORMULA: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) IN WHICH: X REPRESENTS METHIONINE, ALANINE OR NOR-LEUCINE; M is equal to 3 or 5; AND R IS CHOSEN FROM HYDROGEN, LOWER ALKYL GROUPS AND -NRR GROUPS, OR R AND R ARE IDENTICAL OR DIFFERENT AND REPRESENT EACH HYDROGEN OR A LOWER ALKYL GROUP; THE SIGN DESCRIBES THE REPRESENTING COMPOUND, ITS SPECULAR IMAGE OR A MIXTURE OF RACEMATES. COMPOUNDS AND THEIR ACCEPTABLE SALTS IN PHARMACY ARE USEFUL AS ANALGESICS AT DAILY DOSES OF 0.5 TO 5MGKG OF BODY WEIGHT. / P>


This study aims to look at the implementation of the Just In Time system in managing raw material inventory on inventory cost efficiency at the Much Desserts company. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data sources with data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and documentation. From the results of research using the Just In Time system to control raw material inventory, it shows that there is an inventory cost efficiency of Rp3,646,429,- for raw materials for granulated sugar, whipping cream and milk with the percentage level of cost efficiency reaching 75%, 83,1%, and 75%.


Improving Undergraduate STEM Writing through Common Language as a Tool to Teach Engineering "Dialects" Dr. David Clippinger, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College Dr. David Clippinger is a faculty member in Mechanical Engineering Technology at the Pennsylvania State University, Erie–the Behrend College. His interests are ship dynamics, measurement & instrumentation, and assessment, especially of student writing. Dr. Kathleen Jernquist, U.S. Coast Guard Academy Kathleen Jernquist retired as the director of the Hewitt Writing Center at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. She earned her M.A. from Middlebury College and her Ph.D. from Brown University. Dr. Steven Nozaki, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College Ph.D. Engineering Education The Ohio State University Mr. Fredrick A. Nitterright, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College Mr. Fred Nitterright is a lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Technology at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. He received the A. A. S. in Mechanical Drafting and Design in 1989 from Westmoreland County Community College, the B. S. in Mechanical Engineering Technology in 1991 from Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, and the M. S. in Manufacturing Systems Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1998. Mr. Nitterright is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education ASEE . Fred Nitterright has been an engineer in the machining, electrical contact assembly, and plastic injection molding industries.


ABSTRACT Here you will find 1) stories of my inquiry into methods of teaching college mathematics; 2) stories of teaching college mathematics through inquiry methods; and 3) methods of teaching college mathematics through stories of inquiry.


The growth and yield of late-season tomato was studied at Akure, Nigeria, from 1995 to 1998. In each year, treatments were 0 (bare ground) or 12 kg/ha grass mulch applied to tomatoes at densities of 1·9, 2·8, 3·7 and 5·6 plants/m2 in a factorial combination. Increase in plant density and mulching reduced soil temperature at 5 cm depth while only the latter enhanced soil moisture at 10 cm depth throughout tomato growth. The improved soil hydrothermal regime resulted in earlier onset of flowering, 50% flowering date and date of first harvest respectively and shorter fruit harvest duration in tomato grown on either bare ground or at increased plant density. Although increased plant density reduced shoot dry weight per plant at final harvest, both root length per plant and root dry weight per plant were enhanced. Fruit yield/ha increased as plant density increased although yield of the individual plants and their components were significantly reduced. Because of compensation at higher plant population densities, it is economical to grow late-season tomato at 5·6 plants/m2. Mulching enhanced growth and yield of tomato compared to bare ground and the result emphasizes the need for early and rapid growth of late-season tomato before the onset of terminal drought.


M. Williams, B. Bromley, J. DeMora, and G. H. Miley Fusion Studies Laboratory 103 S. Goodwin Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 A MJ-Class Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) facility, is being designed to develop the technology needed for lasma f c c x type magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters.' The facility will be capable of studying various commercial appli the plasma focus also, such as soft x-ray lithography. ity will be located at the University of Illinois, Champaigd Urbana campus. The ultimate objective is to demonstrate the feasibility and attractiveness of the plasma focus MPD c o c c q t for very high specific-impulse space propulsion. Studies include scaling experiments up to and including the 1-MJ level an3 experiments using a gas-injected plasma focus, such as required in the hard vacuum cnvironment of space. The plasma focus thruster differs from the conventional MPD in that it is capable of generating additional thrust from fusion energy released during the pinch phase of the arc rL;idown. The proposed 1-MJ facility would enable studies of thew concepts at a meaningful energy level. If the results are encoc;aging, as expected, a next step would be to construct a Po:+ type thruster for furthzr studies, inc!uding space qualificaticns In addition to thmster scdies, the MJ-class offers considerable flexibility for the study of a variety o tific applications rcquiring an intense, p l sed , radiation sourc~. Examples of such uses range from studies of radiation hardering of electronics to trammutation of radioactive wastes. Conscquently, upon completion, it is planned to invite outside users to access the MJ-facility in the time that remains after mainline research. A key ohjective is to establish the DPF facility as a National User's Facility. To accomplish this, it is planned ;G establish an advisory committee for use of the facility next ycar and host a workshop for potential users. 1. DelMedico, S.G., et. al. "Critical Technology Demonstration of Plasma Focus Type MPD Thruster", RTA Report No. RTADPF 107, 1994. *Work supported by U.S.A.F. contract F04611-93-C-0084. X-RAY RADIATION FROM DENSE PLASMA FOCUS I. Vitkovitsky LOGICON R & D Associates P. Hebert, K. Ware Defense Nuclear Agency Using plasma puff (or wire array) pinches in vacuum to produce radiation in X-ray spectral range has proven successful using high power, short pulse (-100 ns) pulse generators'. While there is considerable interest in scaling the results to higher yields and extending the spectrum to higher photon energies, it is recognized that short pulse technology is costly and the power flow required to drive high currents through the implosion becomes difficult and leads to lowering of system efficiency. To overcome cost and power flow difficulties, generators with moderate implosion times are being developed utilizing plasma flow switch techniques to provide large currents with 400-500 ns risetime2. Dense Plasma Focus is examined in this paper as yet another technology suitable for production of intense X-ray radiation. DPF has been used mainly for dense plasma physics and neutron production studies. Its capability to produce X-ray radiation has not been extensively explored, even though its implosion stability and large compression ratio (with large initial radius) suggests that high ion kinetic energies are achievable. DPF performance as a radiation source will be reviewed. The available data and unique implosion features of DPF will be considered in formulating scaling relations for extending DPF techniques to multi-MJ energy storage system for driving intense radiation sources.


The synthesis of the thermally stable bicyclic diphosphasilirane O(SiiPr2P)2SiiPr2 (4) was achieved via oxidation of the alkaline earth metal substituted cyclic diphosphanide 3 with 1,2-dibromoethane. Nonetheless, during extended storage at low temperature, impurity induced rearrangement in favour of the dimeric species [O(SiiPr2P)2SiiPr2]2 (5) is observed.


Abstract : Information on intraplate earthquakes in the Former Soviet Union and adjacent regions is collected from historical and instrumental records. Since most of the territory of the Russian Republic is intraplate in its tectonic character, intraplate earthquakes and the stresses that generate them are of importance to the monitoring of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Data from a number of catalogs are merged so as to study locations and sizes of intraplate shocks and their tectonic setting in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and the Baltic states. In these areas intraplate activity is generally highest in regions 100 to 300 km wide adjacent to the more active plate boundaries in the Carpathian, Caucasus and Kopet Dag mountains and, hence, drops off gradually rather than suddenly in space. In contrast, earthquake activity drops off very abruptly to the north and northwest of the active zone along Lake Baikal. An east-striking zone of intraplate activity about 700 km long near 560 N between 430 and 540 E, which coincides with portions of the Volga and Kama rivers of the same strike, is delineated for the first time. As in North America some intraplate areas of Eurasia are characterized by very low rates of known seismic activity. The seismic event of August 16, 1997 in the Kara Sea, a small intraplate earthquake of magnitude 3.2, was studied extensively. A few new directions of principle stresses are obtained for intraplate areas of the Russian Republic.


Studies have summarized and analyzed the structure of an aqueous sodium silicate solution, which showed their dual nature. On the one hand, they exhibit the properties of electrolytes, and on the other hand, they contain monomeric alkali metal cations and polymeric silicon-oxygen anions. The use of an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate with a silicate modulus equal to 1, in which polyanions predominate, is substantiated for the process of chemisorption purification of unrefined corn oil. A comparative analysis of the methods of purification of unrefined and hydrated vegetable oils pretreated in an electromagnetic field with solutions of organic acids and sodium silicate is carried out. Obviously, when purifying unrefined corn oil with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, there is a complex mechanism of the sorption process with various groups of polar accompanying substances, complicated by chemical interactions. On the basis of planned experimental studies, adequate experimental-statistical models were obtained for calculating the soap content in the resulting corn oil and its yield, depending on the studied process parameters. It was found that in the studied range of temperatures and parameters of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, corn oil is obtained according to the acid number corresponding to the Russian National Standard for refined corn oil. The optimal parameters of the chemisorption purification process in terms of temperature, concentration and dosage of sodium silicate with a silicate modulus equal to 1 are experimentally substantiated when the Reynolds criterion of the mixer is changed in the studied range from 4000 to 12000, ensuring the production of corn oil corresponding to the accepted quality parameters.


The essential oils obtained by steam distillation from needles of six China endemic Pinus taxa (P. tabulaeformis, P. tabulaeformis f. shekanensis, P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, P. tabulaeformis var. umbraculifera, P. henryi and P. massoniana) were analysed by GC/MS. A total of 72 components were separated and identified by GC/MS from the six taxa. The major constituents of the essential oils were: α-pinene (6.78%–20.55%), bornyl acetale (3.32%–12.71%), β-caryophellene (18.26%–26.31%), α-guaiene (1.23%–8.19%), and germacrene D (1.26%–9.93%). Moreover, the essential oils were evaluated for antioxidant potential by three assays (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS) and tested for their total phenolic content. The results showed that all essential oils exhibited acceptable antioxidant activities and these strongly suggest that these pine needles may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants for food and medical purposes.


Unique continuation properties for a class of evolution equations defined on Banach spaces are considered from two different point of views: the first one is based on the existence of conserved quantities, which very often translates into the conservation of some norm of the solutions of the system in a suitable Banach space. The second one is regarded to well-posed problems. Our results are then applied to some equations, most of them describing physical processes like wave propagation, hydrodynamics, and integrable systems, such as the $b-$; Fornberg-Whitham; potential and $\pi-$Camassa-Holm; generalised Boussinesq equations; and the modified Euler-Poisson system.


Vegetable farming is an attractive business to small scale farmers in Nigeria. The paper focuses on specific potentials of Corchorus olitorius by estimating the level of resource productivity and costs and return to the vegetable production using farm level survey data. Multistage sampling technique was used to obtain information from 200 farms in Oyo State, Nigeria using simple random selection. The data were analyzed using budgetary technique and stochastic frontier. Results showed that ₦1 expended on the vegetable farming, ₦0.09 is realized as profit. Benefit cost ratio was also estimated to be N1.09. However, all the factor resources employed by the farmers were found to be grossly underutilized while the computed returns to scale (RTS) was 0.4826 suggesting diminishing returns to scale. The findings show that there is a significant economy of scale to be exploited and that factor resources could be well utilized by reducing technical inefficiency. The results have important implications for Nigeria's agricultural input supply policy, and more specifically for profitable vegetable farming.


In this study, four species of penaeid shrimp from Pakistan's inshore waters were studied. These were Penaeus penicillatus (Alcock), Penaeus merguiensis (de Man), Metapenaeus affinis (Milne Edwards) and Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Milne Edwards). During maturation, shrimp ovaries pass through a series of colour changes. The various colours observed in the ovaries of the four species of penaeid shrimps were translucent, white, cream, yellow, green-yellow, green-white, light green and dark green. The different type of oocytes observed in histological sections of the penaeid ovaries are as follows: chromatin nucleolar oocytes, perinucleolar oocytes, yolkless oocytes, yolky oocytes and oocytes with cortical bodies. The ovarian developmental stages recognized in these shrimps are: undeveloped, developing, nearly ripe, fully ripe, resorbing and resorbing/ developing. The ovarian developmental stages were similar in all the four species with the exception of the fully ripe stage. In the fully ripe stage of P. penicillatus and P. merguiensis, the cortical bodies were present at the periphery in two shapes; spherical as well as rod-like. On the other hand, in the fully ripe stage of M. affinis and P. stylifera, the cortical bodies were present only at the periphery and were only spherical. A relationship between colour of ovaries and histological stages of ovarian development was established. A female shrimp with a dark-green ovary is an indication of the ready- to-spawn condition. In P. merguiensis and Penaeus penicillatus, respectively, 100% and 88.1% females with dark-green ovaries had oocytes with cortical bodies, whereas in M. affinis and P. stylifera, respectively, 50% and 28.6% females with dark-green ovaries had oocytes with cortical bodies.


Machine Type Communications (MTC) is one of the prominent solutions to enable the Internet of Things (IoT). With a large number of IoT applications envisioned over the cellular network, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has initiated the support for MTC in the Long Term Evolution (LTE)/ LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) standards. A significant portion of the MTC devices is expected to be low-complexity and low-power User Equipment (UE), requiring an energy efficient mode of operation. In addition, many such UEs can be located in the regions of low network coverage. In this paper, we show that an accurate estimation and compensation of the residual carrier frequency offset (CFO) at the base-station (eNB) results in a reduction in energy consumption for MTC devices in low coverage. For robust and accurate CFO estimation in low coverage, we propose a Maximum Likelihood (ML) based CFO estimation technique that works for data and/or pilot repetitions in LTE/LTE-A uplink. Through simulations, we illustrate that our technique shows a significant performance improvement over the conventional CFO estimation technique using the phase angle of the correlation between the repeated data. We determine that residual CFO estimation and compensation at the eNB results in 22.5%-55.2% reduction in energy consumption of the MTC devices, when compared to the case without CFO compensation.


SD-pair shell model was used to describe the properties of spherical isotopes 102 using the method of mapping nucleon operators in the boson. Calculated low-lying spectra of these nuclei, and the relative probabilities of electromagnetic transitions in them, which are compared with experimental data.


Novel CuO on mesoporous silica is prepared under a convenient approach, and has been shown to be an efficient catalyst for cross-coupling reactions of thiols with aryl iodides with only 1.0-5.0 mol% catalyst loading.


Considering the high surface defects of polycrystalline perovskite, chemical passivation is effective in reducing defects‐associated carrier losses. However, challenges remain in promoting passivation effects without compromising the carrier‐extraction yield at the perovskite interfaces. In this work, interlayer molecules functionalized with different side groups are rationally designed to investigate the correlation between defect‐passivation strength and interfacial carrier dynamics.  It is revealed that Cl‐grafted molecules impose destructive effects on the perovskite structure due to its lower electronegativity and mismatched spatial configuration. The introduction of cyanide (CN) as a side group in molecules also leads to perovskite deformation and unfavorable hole collection. After the molecular optimization, the incorporation of carbonyl (C═O) as the side group (TPA─O) simultaneously promotes the carrier‐collection yield as well as sufficient defect passivation. As a consequence, the devices based on TPA─O yield a champion PCE of 23.25%, along with remarkable stability by remaining above 88.5% of initial performance after 2544 h storage in the air. Furthermore, this interlayer based on TAP─O enables flexible devices to achieve a high efficiency of 21.81% and promising mechanical stability. This work paves the way for further improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.


 At the same time, both camps try to mobilize their supporters not with policyAt the same time, both camps try to mobilize their supporters not with policydriven programs that aim to solve these critical issues, but with populist slogans and driven programs that aim to solve these critical issues, but with populist slogans and loyalty towards certain individuals. The result is a political blockade that prevents loyalty towards certain individuals. The result is a political blockade that prevents the deepening and consolidation of democratization. the deepening and consolidation of democratization.


Abstract The glue of proteins, microbial transglutaminase (MTG) has been adopted in the food processing industries for its broad enzymatic action. Microorganisms such as Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces are the major sources, to decrease the cost of manufacturing animal origin transglutaminase. The net % increase of its demands in the food processing is estimated at 21.9% per year. In fact, MTG is consumed by most food industries, spanning the meat, dairy, seafood and fish, plant proteins, edible film preparation and more. It used to improve gelation and change foaming, emulsification, viscosity, consistency and water-holding capacity properties. This paper presents an overview of the literature that described and explored the recent microbial origins, production media and applications of microbial transglutaminase.


In recent years, the production of natural and recyclable, environmentally friendly products has come to the fore rather than textile and textile products produced from petroleum resources. One of the materials used in the production of these products is the Jute plant. This study was carried out in a laboratory environment under controlled conditions between 2019 and 2020. In the study, some physical (shape-size, surface area, average arithmetic-geometric diameter, sphericity, thousand grain weight) and physiological properties (germination percentage and time, average shoot-root lengths) of seeds belonging to two different varieties of Jute plant (Corchorus capsularis L. and Corchorus olitorius L.) were determined. According to the data obtained; It has been determined that C. capsularis variety has a short and oval structure, while C. olitorius variety has a medium and oval structure. Furthermore, the germination rate was determined as 74.5% in C. capsularis seeds and 63.5% in C. olitorius seeds.


CYP11B2 gene encodes aldosterone synthase enzyme, which produces aldosterone. The objective of study was to establish the allele and genotype frequency of CYP11B2 (344 C>T) gene polymorphism in healthy volunteers of South Indian Tamilian population. Authors carried out the study in 424 unrelated healthy volunteers including both male and female subjects. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP method. The observed genotype and allele frequencies were compared with other major ethnic groups. The influence of blood pressure was also analyzed with respect to the genotypes. The allele frequency was 39.9 and 601% for wild type C allele and variant T allele, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was found to be significantly higher in the variant TT homozygous genotypes in the total study subjects and also in the male subjects (p<0.05). Interethnic difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of CYP11B2 gene polymorphism was observed in the South Indian Tamilian population.


A nonresonant method for measuring the dynamic strength of materials under load has been devised. Some preliminary measurements have been performed. The method makes it possible to determine, from measurements on a single specimen, both the real and imaginary parts of both the dynamic Young's modulus and the dynamic shear modulus as continuous functions of frequency and static load. The frequency can be varied over a wide range and the static load can be varied from a large compressive value through zero to a large tensile value. The measured data consist of the amplitude and phase of the strain at three points on a specimen in the form of a long thin rod. The locations of the two outer points are chosen arbitrarily and the intermediate point is located halfway between them. A small change in the mathematical development allows vibration amplitude, velocity, or acceleration to be measured, rather than strain.


In this article,it introduced a kind of processing method on special bevel of bend pipe,emphasized several aspects from control method,parameter setting,control flow and so on,which can enable this type of special bevel to be realized under limited processing condition.This kind of special bevel can transfer negative influence caused from transition step(that is outside force originated from gradually varied flow or rapidly varied flow,as well as greater impact to pipe body) to 50 mm distance from weld and smooth transition,and make the thinner weld be well protected.


The potato virus Y (PVY) is disseminated globally and is one of the most devastating viruses with respect to yield and quality deteriorations in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). PVY caused crop losses may reach even 80%. The use of extreme resistant cultivars is assumed to be the most effective and sustainable long term way of reducing crop losses associated with PVY virus. To cut down this impingement, there is an immense interest in obtaining genotypes carrying the Ryadg and Rysto genes that provide extreme resistance to this virus. These two genes derived from Solanum tuberosumssp S. andigena as well as S. stoloniferum, respectively, are reside on different chromosomes. Introgression of these genes could be facilitated using the Ryadg specific RYSC3 and the Rysto specific ST1 SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers for marker assisted selection (MAS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate different potato genotypes with these SCAR markers for the presence or absence of Ryadg and /or Rysto PVY extreme resistance genes. Of a total of 13 evaluated potato breeding lines three genotypes (Cmm16, 96.367 and FH97. 029. 02) revealed resistance to the virus (PVY), and it was found that they are carrying both the RYSC3 and ST1 markers; whereas the RYSC3 marker could be detected in all tested genotypes. Here, we declared this highly effective (100%) detection of the Ryadg gene confirmed that the marker is appropriate in MAS of potato genotypes with extreme PVY resistance. Our results indicate that marker assisted selection for these two genes could be effectively used in potato breeding for the production of PVY extreme resistance genotypes, even in hetero-multiplex condition.