This paper looks at the Aminuddin Baki's Torch Movement Speech 3 (Ceramah Gerakan Obor 3 ). It's is to identify the type of metaphors used and how the metaphors are conveyed in the Torch Movement Speech 3 on 'Adaptation' of the Malays. The study hopes to identify the direction of the 'Adaptation' metaphor which is liken banana tree and its offsprings. Many studies have been carried out on the biographical portion of Aminuddin Baki but none on all his Torch Movement Speeches that he had made on the progression and development of the Malays. A qualitative method was used through a rhetorical analysis. A Neo-Aristotelian Criticism is used in the analysis of speech of which this study demonstrates the relevance in the application of ancient Malay metaphors in the modern day communication interaction among the Malays.


Received 6 October 2005; accepted 10 October 2005; electronically published 17 January 2006. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Grace M. Lee, Center for Child Health Care Studies, Dept. of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, 133 Brookline Ave., 6th Fl., Boston, MA 02215 (firstname.lastname@example.com). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006; 42:448–5


Facial talon cusp (Dens evaginatus) is a very rare developmental anomaly of unclear etiology and significance can also be seen associated with some syndromes. Here the present report describes a 10-year-old female with facial talon cusp on mandibular permanent right central incisors. This rare anomaly requires careful dental and physical examination of the affected patient since its finding can be of clinical and genetic significance.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination of Nimesulide in suppositories.METHODS Screening different organic solvent to extract36 type semi-sythetic fatty acid ester in suppositories and determinating Nimesulide by UV.RESULTS N-Hexano was used as the solution of extraction.Agood linearity was within the concentration range of3 ~15μg/mL with a Borrelation coefficient of 0.9999.The average recovery was 98.3%.The RSD for reproducibility was 0.47%.CONCLUSION The method is simple,accurate and reliable.


Some years ago, Schoenheimer and his colleagues (18) postulated that all the constituents of the animal body, whether functional or structural, were in a state of dynamic equilibrium. There was said to be a continuous renewal, or turnover, in which the synthesis of tissue constituents was exactly balanced by their degradation. In the meantime, it has come to be tacitly assumed that this turnover not only applies to the tissues as a whole but that it occurs as an intracellular event in the various tissues. Recently, however, the concept of intracellular turnover has been subjected to a critical examination and reappraisal (9) since studies with bacteria showed that there was probably no renewal of either nucleic acids (3, 7) or proteins (9, 10, 14) in these cells. In our own work, we have been interested in the problem of nucleic acid turnover in bacteria and in animal cells cultivated in vitro, and we shall describe here some of the results of these studies and consider them in relation to the general question of intracellular turnover. The most convenient, and perhaps the only certain, method of determining whether or not an intracellular constituent is being renewed is to label that constituent with a radioactive isotope and to observe the fate of the incorporated label when the cell is allowed to multiply in the absence of extracellular isotope. If turnover of the constituent occurs, its isotope content should decrease in amount. Hershey (7) applied this method in studying the stability of nucleic acids in E. coli and found that 32 once incorporated into the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fractions, separated analytically by the Schmidt and Thannhauser method (17), remained there during subsequent cell multiplication. We also carried out experiments with E. coli, similar in principle to those of Hershey, but, for 32 analysis, we isolated and purified the four nucleotides of RNA and DNA (19). Separation of the nucleotides in this way ensures that nonnucleotide phosphorus is removed from both nucleic acids, and also enables one to observe any exchanges of 32 that might occur between the nucleotides.


Most of the field data herein presented were obtained by the writer as an employee of the Wyoming Fish and Game Commission while studying the decimating factors affecting the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), in the Gros Ventre area of northwestern Wyoming. Prior to the initiation of the actual study, Dr. John W. Scott, Executive Secretary of the Wyoming Fish and Game Commission, gave the author permission to use such ecological data as herein contained. The field study extended from November, 1938 to October, 1939 during which bands of sheep were kept under almost daily observation.


The signals which direct excision of introns from mRNA precursors in higher eukaryotes' genes are not well-understood. Although a consensus sequence, (Remark: Graphics omitted.), has been proposed with the 5′-splice site, actual 5′-splice site sequences differ from it to a greater or lesser degree. In the present paper, structural analysis of 5′-splice site sequences was done by using quantification theory (class II). Nucleotide sequences were transformed into categorical data, and categorical discriminant analysis was carried out between 5′-splice site sequences and sequences other than 5′-splice site. Relative importance of each position of nucleotide sequence was then estimated by calculating partial correlation coefficient on each position.


This study investigates whether the effect of written corrective feedback (CF) on learners' acquisition of English article usage is mediated by the type of information CF provides. To tap into this issue, four types of information on error were identified: its existence, location, correct form and nature. Written CF was categorized into three types according to the sorts of information it contained: indirect CF that supplies information on existence and location, direct CF that provides information on existence, location and correct form, and metalinguistic CF that includes metalinguistic explanation on error nature and all the other information types. Three CF groups were accordingly formed along with a control group in a quasi-experiment, where the groups engaged in three narrative-writing tasks. Error correction and narrative writing tests were administered to measure the acquisition of explicit and implicit knowledge of English articles respectively. The results revealed that written CF was beneficial to acquisition of both L2 explicit and implicit knowledge and that such positive effects emerged only in the metalinguistic CF group. The findings added counterevidence to Truscott's (1996) argument against written CF utility and suggested that metalinguistic explanation on error may play a pivotal role in written CF-triggered L2 acquisition.


Abstract Many of the conflicts that have led to the creation of hybrid tribunals were identity-based conflicts – people who identified as members of one tribe, race, ethnicity, or religion used these distinctions as grounds to attack and persecute another group who often responded in kind. This reality means that the criminal justice processes that take place in the wake of such conflicts must take issues of identity seriously to be effective. This article uses the notion of framing contests to examine different identity-based responses to international justice. Defenders of the tribunals seek to portray them as impartial observers while critics paint them as illegitimate outsiders. Because hybrid tribunals have identity considerations as features built into them, they are better suited to promote their own legitimacy in these framing contests. These features include the personnel they use, the witnesses they call, the strategies their prosecutors deploy, and their local outreach programmes. Each of these tools can be used to frame the tribunal as a legitimate means to promote criminal justice and thereby advance the values of transitional justice.


Toxic chemicals and contaminants abound in urban surroundings that have seen a high level of industrialization. They have the potential to have severe impacts on human health, producing both acute and chronic disorders such as respiratory infections, lung cancer, and cardiovascular disease. It is critical to monitor air pollution in order to educate individuals about the health hazards associated with air pollutants, as well as to aid policymakers in developing rules and legislation that try to reduce those health risks. Lung cancer, along with prostate, oral, and breast cancer, is the most frequent kind of cancer in the world. Both men and women develop cancer as a result of cigarette smoking, excessive pollution, and inhalation of cancer-causing agents. Nonetheless, males are more likely than women to get cancer. To make diagnoses, many imaging modalities such as CT scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET scanning, and X-rays are employed in conjunction with one another. Using grayscale saturation in images, oncologists and physicians are able to identify cancer. In addition to prior experience in human anatomy and physiology, it is necessary to be knowledgeable about imaging techniques. Because of a lack of imaging knowledge, diagnosis takes an excessive amount of time and produces worse accuracy. This research work can utilize a Modified Convolutional Neural Network method (MCNN), to predict the occurrence of different forms of lung cancer in different individuals to study about the high impact of Air pollution. This research study will train MCNN using features derived from lung CT scans, and evaluate their performance employing performance metrics collected from the CT images.


The complete evaporation of a three-dimensional submicron droplet under subcritical conditions has been modeled using molecular dynamics. The two-phase system consisted of 2048 argon atoms modeled using a Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential distributed between a single droplet and its surrounding vapor. The system was first allowed to relax to equilibrium, then the droplet was evaporated by increasing the temperature of the vapor phase atoms at the boundaries of the system until only the vapor phase remained. The computed evaporation rate agrees with that predicted by the Knudsen aerosol theory.


The paper aims to develop a harmonic identification scheme for a hydraulic shaking table's sinusoidal acceleration response. Nonlinearities are inherent in a hydraulic shaking table. Some of them are dead zone of servo valve, backlash and friction between joints, and friction in actuator. Nonlinearities cause harmonic distortion of the system shaking response when it correspondsto a sinusoidal excitation. This lowers the system control performance. An efficient, time-domain acceleration harmonic identification is developed by using Hopfield neural network. Due to the introduction of energy function used to optimize the computation for the identification harmonic method, the fully connected, single layer feedback neural network does not require training in advance and is able to identifyharmonic amplitudes and phase angles. Each harmonic,as well asthe fundamental response,can be directly obtained.Simulations and experiments show very promising results that the proposed scheme is really applicable to identify harmonicswith high precision and good convergence. Comparisons between the presented method and other method are carried out to further demonstrate its efficiency.


Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Theory and Policy, School of Economics and Business Science, University of the Witwatersrand, June 2017


The Topological complexity a la Farber $\text{TC}(-)$ is a homotopy invariant which have interesting applications in Robotics, specifically, in the robot motion planning problem. In this work we calculate the topological complexity of the configuration space of $k$ distinct rigid bodies without collisions in $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $d=2,3$. Furthermore, we present optimal algorithms which can be used in designing practical systems controlling motion of many rigid bodies moving in space without collisions. The motion planning algorithms we present in this work are easily implementable in practice.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been described as a common cardiovascular manifestation in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is discussed to be a potential risk factor for a poor clinical course. AF is also already known to be associated with increased risk for all cause death.

 In the present study we sought to investigate the impact of AF on the clinical trajectory of patients suffering from COVID-19.

 We included all patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in 2020 in our Hospital. A poor clinical trajectory was defined as transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), intermediate care unit (IMC) or death from any cause. Initial ECGs were analyzed in consensus by two experienced readers. First, we compared patients with poor clinical trajectory vs. good clinical course. Secondly, the study population was categorized into two groups with or without AF on admission. A subgroup analysis was performed to differentiate between new onset AF and patients with known history of AF. To compensate for confounders (age, BMI, known cardiomyopathy (CMP), known coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic airway disease, renal insufficiency, diabetes, arterial hypertension and sex), a full clinically validated multiple logistic regression model with poor clinical trajectory as dependent target variable was performed.

 From our enrolled 666 patients in 2020 (58% male, average age: 66 (IQR:58–80)) 223 patients (33.5%) experienced a poor clinical course. 179 (27%) patients were transferred to IMC/ICU and 86 (13%) patients died. All in all, patients with poor clinical trajectory were more frequently male (70% vs. 52%; P<0.001), older (71±14 vs. 64±20; P<0.001) and had significantly more co-morbidities such as CAD, CMP, hypertension and diabetes in comparison to patients with a good clinical course. 96 (14.4%) had AF on admission. Among these 37.5% had new-onset AF, which showed similar baseline characteristics as patients without AF. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 and new onset AF were more likely to die (25% vs 12%; P=0.038), or be in need for ICU/IMC (25% vs. 62%; P<0.001) and therefore experienced a poor clinical trajectory more frequently (75% vs. 31%; P<0.001) with a confounder adjusted OR of 5.89.
 In the subgroup analysis of all patients with AF on admission. Patients with new onset of AF had significantly more underlying CMP, Diabetes and chronic airways disease. While mortality was not higher in patients with new onset of AF, IMC/ICU transfers (62% vs 24%; P<0.001) and as a result poor clinical trajectory (75% vs 40%; P=0.001) was significantly increased in comparison to patients with known AF.

 In patients suffering from COVID-19, new onset of AF on admission was associated with a poor clinical course and higher in-hospital mortality.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Introduction: Surgical revascularization prevents cerebral ischemic attack by improving cerebral blood flow (CBF) in both adult and pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Uneven hemodynamic changes, including local cerebral hyperperfusion and remote ischemia, can cause delayed intracerebral hemorrhage and perioperative infarctions in adult MMD patients, but the characteristic hemodynamic pattern among pediatric MMD patients after revascularization surgery is poorly understood. Methods: This study included 16 consecutive pediatric MMD patients (age, 6–16 years; mean age, 11.3) undergoing superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis combined with encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis on 21 affected hemispheres. Perioperative management was conducted by aspirin administration and strict blood pressure control (110–130 mm Hg). We prospectively performed N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 7 and analyzed the temporal changes in perioperative hemodynamics. Results: Four patients (19.0%, 4/21) exhibited immediate CBF improvement from POD 1, which was classified as "immediate redistribution pattern." In contrast, 9 (42.9%, 9/21) demonstrated transient hemispheric global hypoperfusion at POD 1 and subsequent CBF improvement at POD 7, which was defined as "transient hypoperfusion pattern." Although 8 patients, including 4 with "transient hypoperfusion pattern" (44.4, 4/9), developed mild transient neurological deterioration in the acute stage, it resolved in all 21 patients, and there were no permanent neurological deficits. Discussion/Conclusions: This study revealed that the "transient hypoperfusion pattern" after revascularization surgery is relatively common among pediatric MMD patients, and its outcome is favorable under strict perioperative management.


This is a difficult question to answer. In Victoria approximately 1000 children per annum are either stillborn or die within four weeksof birth. This figure reflects the fact that there are many hazardsof labour, many of which can be substantially reduced when a diagnostic X-ray examinationhassuppliedvaluableinformation about them. It is certain that, each year in Victoria, more than two babies' lives are saved becauseof an X-ray examination of the mother. This affords no excusefor a feeling that an X-ray examination in pregnancyshould be "just anothertest"; it is known that there is a genetic risk to the mother and baby, and therefore the following precautionsshould be taken. (a) When the chestis examined radiologically during pregnancy the abdomenshould be suitably screened. (b) No X-ray examination should be made until the eighteenthweek of gestation. (c) At all times the number of exposures should be kept to a minimum and clinical methodsused as much as possible. (d) The numberof films taken for an X-ray pelvimetry in pregnancyshould be restrictedand.the examinationmade between pregnancieswhenever possible.


s from Research Forums Presented at the American College of Nurse-Midwives' 59th Annual Meeting The American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) Division of Research, Division of Global Health, and the Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health are pleased to present the abstracts from the 2014 Research Forum podium presentations. The podium presentations were selected in a blinded peer review process and presented at the ACNM Annual Meeting in May 2014. The abstracts of completed research were eligible for presentation and therefore publication. The abstracts presented here demonstrate the breadth and quality of research being conducted about midwifery and women's health by midwifery researchers and our colleagues. Lisa Hanson, CNM, PhD, Chair, Division of Research Carrie Klima, CNM, PhD, Chair, Research Dissemination Section, Division of Research Jody Lori, CNM, PhD, Chair, Division of Global Health Amy Levi, CNM, PhD, Chair, Research Section, Division of Global Health Assessment of the Adherence to the Clinical Guide for Humanized Care during Delivery in Chile Lorena M. Binfa, RM, MPH, PhD (University of Chile); Loreto Pantoja, MPHD (University of Chile); Jovita Ortiz, MSc (University of Chile) Introduction: In 2007, the Chilean Ministry of Public Health adopted theClinical Guide for humanized care during birth in response to highly medicalized intrapartum care. Three years after its implementation, a pilot studywas carried out in 2 hospitals in Santiago, the capital of Chile, aiming to 1) describe selected obstetric outcomes of the women enrolled who received care within this model; 2) identify the level of maternal newborn well-being after experiencing this modality of attention; and 3) explore the perception this humanized attention during labor and birth by both the professional staff (obstetricians and midwives) and consumers. Findings reported that 92.7% of women received medical interventions during labor (artificial rupture ofmembranes, oxytocin, and epidural anesthesia). Of the participants, 86.6% of women laid down in lithotomy position, and 54% had episiotomy. These findings were presented at the 56th ACNM Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Aim: In light of these findings, the same study will be replicated in 7 regions of the country to determine if the results found are exclusive to Santiago, or if there are regional differences attributable to cultural, geographical, or other factors, to identify the midwifery model of Chile as a whole. Methods: A descriptive qualitative and quantitative study is being conducted with 1374 women who gave birth in 7 regional hospitals within the National Health System from January until September 2013. Qualitative methods include focus groups and interviews with professionals and consumers. Quantitative methods include a validated survey of maternal well-being and an adaptation of the ACNM standardized antepartum and intrapartum data set. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee for Research at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile and each local ethical committee. This study is supported by a grant from the National Health Research Fund (SA12I2079). Additionally, the same study is being conducted in 7 Latin American countries on behalf of a multisite collaborative research project led by the School of Midwifery, University of Chile. Findings:Quantitative findings showed poor implementation of the guidelines, with few regional variations: 85.5% of the women had medically induced labors, 90.6% received parenteral hydration, and 22.2% of the women reported discontent with the care they received. The main qualitative findings pointed out a gap in providing humanistic care and inadequate facilities to support this kind ofmodel. Conclusions and Implications:More education and socialization regarding the implementation of this model is required. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12250 PRONTO: Obstetric and Neonatal Emergency Simulation in Mexico Improves Patient Outcomes, Provider Knowledge, Team Coordination, and Identifies Latent Systems Errors Dilys Walker, MD (University of California, San Francisco); Susanna Cohen, CNM, DNP (University of Utah); Jimena Fritz, MS, MD (Mexican National Institute of Public Health); Marisela Olvera, MS, DDS (Mexican National Institute of Public Health); Sarah Zelek, MPH (University of Washington); Jessica Greenberg Cowan, MD (Swedish Hospital, Washington); Dolores Gonzalez, MA (Mexican National Institute of Public Health); Julia C. Dettinger, MPH (University ofWashington); Jenifer Fahey, CNM,MSN,MPH (University of Maryland); Hector Lamadrid, MD, ScD (Mexican National Institute of Public Health) Purpose: To assess the impact of an emergency obstetric and neonatal simulation-based team training program (PRONTO) on process indicators and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Research Questions: Does PRONTO training improve participating providers' obstetric and neonatal emergency knowledge, self-efficacy, and goal achievement? Do public hospitals in Mexico where providers receive PRONTO training have different maternal and neonatal outcomes than control hospitals? Significance: Studies in 548 1526-9523/09/$36.00 doi:10.1111/jmwh.12246 c © 2014 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives resource-stable countries have found improved patient outcomes following participation in simulation team training. However, limited-resource countries, like Mexico, rarely have access to such trainings given the high cost of simulation. Acknowledging the potential for low-tech, highly-realistic simulation in resource-limited settings, PRONTO was piloted in 2009. Its impact on patient outcomes has yet to be evaluated. Methods: We implemented a matched cluster, quasirandomized trial of PRONTO training in 24 public hospitals in 3 Mexican states from 2010 to 2012. Intervention hospitals (n = 12) had selected providers (n = 450) participate in PRONTO training. Providers were trained in 2 modules, 2 to 3 months apart focusing on the topics of neonatal resuscitation, obstetric hemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia, shoulder dystocia, teamwork, and communication using obstetric emergency simulations, guided debriefings, skill stations, and team-building exercises. Data collection included baseline facility inventory and chart review, pre-post intervention individual participant testing, and 12 months of follow-up, chart review, and birth observations. Pre-post process indicators were analyzed using linear regression. Outcome data were analyzed using negative binomial regression with a differencein-difference approach for the 3 months prior to data collection at 4, 8, and 12 months follow-up non-cumulatively. Results: Following PRONTO training, knowledge and selfefficacy for physicians and nurses (P .001-.009) significantly improved for all tested topics. Teamwork scores improved during Module I and were maintained through Module II. Participating hospital teams achieved an average of 6 strategic planning goals per hospital, more than 50% of the goals that they set for themselves during the training. The intervention did not significantly impact rates of hysterectomy, obstetric hemorrhage, preeclampsia, or eclampsia. Impact estimations showed a 44% decrease in hospital-based neonatal mortality rates at 8 months postintervention (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13– 0.64).There was a significant reduction in the rate of cesareans at 4 months (IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.40–0.29), 8 months (IRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.10–0.35), and 12 months (IRR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.8–0.32) follow-up. Discussion: Making simulation accessible globally has the potential to save the lives of mothers and newborns, particularly in the most resourcelimited settings. Highly realistic, low-tech simulation coupled with team training can improve provider knowledge, self-efficacy, and teamwork, in addition to neonatal mortality and cesarean rates. More research is needed to assess the program's impact on patient-level measures of morbidity and mortality. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12246 Evaluation of the Implementation of the 75-gram, 2-hour Glucose Tolerance Test in a Nurse-midwifery


Individual factors and work factor was several factors that can affect work related musculoskeletal disorders. Traditional fishers in the process of working catching fish in the sea still rely on human power and might to cause to work related musculoskeletal disorders. It was because at the time of fishing working posture fishermen in a position not by natural cause. The workers are generally paying less attention to body position at work. Rapid Entire Body Assesment (REBA) method is used to analyze body position. This kind of research was an observational research with a quantitative approach. The study was done on fishers from the village Puger Wetan sub-district of Puger district of Jember in the year 2015). This research indicates relationship the between the ages, body mass indexs (BMI) and work factor with work related musculoskeletal disorders. While smoking habit, working periode and sport habit show there was not relationship with work related musculoskeletal disorders.


BACKGROUND
The systemic inflammatory response caused by chronic periodontitis is a risk factor for multiple diseases. Ubiquitin specific protease 5 (USP5) is a kind of deubiquitinase which mainly responsible for dissociating unanchored polyubiquitin. However, the functions of USP5 in chronic periodontitis have not been reported.

METHODS
Chronic periodontitis patients were recruited and their periodontal samples were collected. The levels of USP5, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in gingival crevicular fluid was evaluated by ELISA. The expression of USP5, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) was estimated by qRT-PCR assay. The activation of STAT3 signaling was examined by Western blot.

RESULTS
USP5 was upregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. USP5 expression was positively correlated with the expression of proinflammatory factors. USP5 knockdown and deubiquitinase inhibitor inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in PDLSCs. Suppressing USP5 inhibited STAT3 signaling in PDLSCs.

CONCLUSION
Suppression deubiquitinase USP5 inhibits the inflammatory response of chronic periodontitis by suppressing STAT3 signaling.


What do patents tell us about the economic effects of future technological improvements? We identify aggregate and industry level patent-based news shocks by exploiting changes in stock market valuations of firms that obtain patent grants. Our shocks resemble diffusion news, as they do not affect total factor productivity in the short run but induce a strong permanent effect after five years. We find that patent-based news shocks produce positive comovement between consumption, output, investment, and hours. They also generate positive responses in inflation and in the federal funds rate, consistent with standard New Keynesian models. ∗We thank the editor and two anonymous referees for key comments that strongly improved our paper. For helpful comments on previous drafts of the paper, we thank Rodrigo Adão, Nick Bloom, Hafedh Bouakez, Efrem Castelnuovo, Antonio Conti, Domenico Giannone, Christoph Görtz, Boyan Jovanovich, Pavel Kapinos, Sydney Ludvigson, Michael McMahon, Roberto Pancrazi, Carlo Peroni, Thijs van Rens, Francesco Zanetti, and the participants of the conferences Using Alternative Datasets for Macro Analysis and Monetary Policy (Bocconi/Banque de France), Advances in Applied Macro Finance, Warwick Macroeconomics Seminar, Sheffield Workshop in Macroeconomics and International Finance Workshop (Federal Reserve Board). Chazz Edington provided excellent research assistance. The views expressed in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the view of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or of any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System. †Federal Reserve Board, International Finance Division, Washington, D.C. 20551, USA; Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡University of Warwick, Economics Department, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 00943 20 Review of Economics and Statistics Just Accepted MS. rest by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology


Aeromagnetic noise compensation is a vital part of aerial survey measurement, and its compensation effect directly determines the quality of aeromagnetic survey data. At present, the commonly used compensation model is the T-L model, and the least squares method is used to solve for the coefficients. However, the noise source modeled in the T-L model is incomplete. Since the tail boom cannot be completely rigid, tail-boom swing is an unavoidable problem in aeromagnetic measurement. This kind of swing is the most obvious when the aircraft is maneuvering, and it will significantly interfere with the measurement data of the sensor. In this article, two causes of the swing noise are analyzed, and the nonlinear relationship between the swing displacement and the noise is derived. Since it is difficult to express the nonlinear relationship with mathematical forms to compensate for the aeromagnetic data, we propose a new compensation method that uses a 1-D convolutional neural network to perform secondary compensation on the data already compensated by the T-L model in order to remove the effect of tail-boom swing. The flight experiment data show that the proposed method can significantly improve the quality of aeromagnetic data. Compared with the T-L method, the improve ratio is increased by 60%–100%. It shows that the proposed method has a remarkable compensation effect for aeromagnetic noise.


This article deals with coupling efficiency and reflectance analysis of graded-index expanded-beam connectors. We point out the best conditions to take advantage of expanded beam connectors for relaxing lateral offset tolerances without going down to critical angle misalignments tolerances. The influence of manufacturing defaults and coupling misalignments by lateral offset and tilt angle on coupling efficiency and reflectance are theoretically analyzed, investigated, and compared to experimental results. The study explains an interesting reflectance of expanded beam connectors compared to standard single-mode fibers. We demonstrate and explain why we can both obtain high coupling efficiency and low reflectance.


1979 The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Walton, John 1977 "Accumulation and comparative urban systems: theory and some tentative contrasts of Latin America and Africa." Comparative Urban Research 5:5-18. Williams, Kirk and Michael Timberlake 1984 "Structured inequality, conflict, and control: a cross-national test of the threat hypothesis." Social Forces 63:414-32.


Small-molecule organic solar cells with a structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)\tris-8-hydroxy-quinolinato aluminum (Alq3) (2nm)\fullerene (C60) (40nm)\copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (32nm)\Au (40nm) were fabricated. The shelf lifetime of unencapsulated devices was over 1500h, and the power conversion efficiency reached 0.76% under AM1.5G (air mass 1.5 global) 75mW∕cm2. The long lifetime was attributed to the inverted structure compared to the conventional ITO\CuPc\C60\buffer\Al structure since the former could effectively protect C60 from the diffusion of oxygen and modify interfacial electrical properties. The introduction of a 2nm Alq3 layer into the cells enhanced the power conversion efficiency by more than 20 times. The presence of the thin Alq3 film on the ITO substrate lowered the substrate work function and hence increased the electric field in the organic layers, which was beneficial to the collection of free carriers. The reasons for the degradation of such kind of organic solar cells are analyzed ...


Research methods:the method of combining theoretical research and practical research,the method of the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis,the method of simulation with mathematical model.Research contents:Setting up the evaluation model of coordination between land utilization and ecological environment,empirical research was conducted with Guigang city as an example.Conclusions:select evaluation index,determine the standard values of indicators,indicators was non-dimensionalized,coefficient of standard deviation was used to confirm the index weights,then the evaluation model,designed by using linear weighting method,can realize quantitative evaluation of coordination between land utilization and ecological environment,has higher reliability,and a greater operability.


The lack of grasp of the image information and the unstable fluctuation of the model energy may cause segmentation failure of the active contour model (ACM). Minimizing the impact of these two factors is critical. A local pre-piecewise fitting (LPPF) bias correction (BC) model for fast and accurate segmentation is proposed in this article. It defines a prefitting function of local regions and an energy function. The grayscale information of small areas in the image is fully extracted, so that the contour accurately locates the target. Then, the optimal solution to the estimated value of the bias field is obtained. The real image information is described by the bias field, and the energy function of the model is constructed. The optimized distance regularized term and neighborhood average filtering method are utilized to achieve level set function regularization and contour smoothing. This optimization process reduces the amount of calculation and improves the robustness of LPPF model. Experiments are performed to verify that LPPF model has strong robustness to initial contours and has ability to segment blurry images while satisfactory segmentation efficiency and accuracy are obtained.


On March 8, 1995, Wu Qi and Pu Yuyan headed out from Guangzhou with a plan to travel all across China. During the 1,277 days from March 8, 1995 to August 8, 1998, they left their footprints in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of the mainland as well as Hong Kong and Macao, with Taiwan the only exclusion From Mohe, Heilongjiang in the far north to Sanya, Hainan in the far south. From Fuyuan, Heilongjiang in the east to Xinjiang's Tuergate Port in the extreme west. The whole route was approximately 150,000 km (including 4,732 km on foot and 8,410 by bike). They took more than 30,000 pictures, finished 100 sketches and wrote a travelogue of 1.2 million characters; A collection of their works: The Fragrance of the Rain from Heaven was published and their book We Walk BetweenHeaven and Earth will be out soon.


The carbon and sulfur content,Rock-Eval pyrolysis and the carbon isotopes of organic matter were analyzed using 124 fresh outcrop samples collected from the Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shuanghe Town,Changning County in Sichuan Basin.The results show that TOC content is high(3.04% to 7.28%) in the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of the Longmaxi Formation,and the thickness of high TOC interval is about 20 m.The TOC content sharply decreases from 0.81% to 1.83% in the upper part of the Longmaxi Formation and then becomes stable with its content values less than 1%.The sulfur content ranges from 0.02% to 4.69%,with an average of 0.95%.The δ13Corg values of the Longmaxi shale are concentrated in the range of-31.2‰ to-29.4‰,with an average of-30.1‰,indicating that organic matter is dominated by Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ.Combined with petrology and fossils characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation,the authors suggest that the main controls to the organic matter enrichment are sea level rise caused by global warming and the deep water reducing environment favorable for organic matter high productivity.In addition,a relatively slow deposition rate and reducing conditions lead to the better preservation of the organic matter.Therefore,the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of Longmaxi Formation marine shales with abundant TOC content in Sichuan basin is the main target for shale-gas exploration.


The article on the basis of theoretical analysis of the issue under investigation is defined different approaches to the hierarchy goals of professional training of future bachelors of physical therapy in higher education institutions. These include social goals, general and theoretical goals of professional education; goals of studying certain professional or special disciplines; goals of studying additional courses; goals of particular sections and topics; goals of particular training sessions. Considering the social context of the organization professional training of future bachelors of physical therapy in higher education institutions are identified and characterized by five leading conceptual provisions on the formation of health-saving competence to the future bachelors of physical therapy as a pedagogical system. The article highlights and characterizes the requirements for the readiness of the teachers of higher education institutions for the implementation of quality professional training of future bachelors of physical therapy directed at the formation of their health-saving competence: formed professional, general cultural, and humanitarian, civil and social, information and communication competence, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. In the article is established that the function of the health-saving environment in higher education institutions is the formation of the health-saving competence in future bachelors of physical therapy in combination with didactic, educational, stimulating, and psychological functions. The paper establishes that it is the social context for the formation of health-saving competence is a certain indicator of the processes of socialization in future bachelor of physical therapy in higher education institutions.


Drawingisa key sheet metal forming process.Based on finite element numerical simulation method and the DYNAFOEM software,the finite element system of stamping is established to analyse the processes of sheet metal forming of drawing.The simulation shows.The impact of the shape of the blank,the value of the binder force and the layout of the drawbead is key to sheet metal forming of drawing;the typical similation shows the results are valuable and corrective.The improving processes are proposed based on the Forming Limit Diagram(FLD)analysis.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a brain dysfunction for which there is no present effective treatment, is often caused by a concussive impact to the head and affects an estimated 1.7 million Americans annually. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that exendin‐4, a long‐lasting glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist, has neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models of TBI. Here, we demonstrate neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of a different GLP‐1R agonist, liraglutide, in neuronal cultures and a mouse model of mild TBI (mTBI). Liraglutide promoted dose‐dependent proliferation in SH‐SY5Y cells and in a GLP‐1R over‐expressing cell line at reduced concentrations. Pre‐treatment with liraglutide rescued neuronal cells from oxidative stress‐ and glutamate excitotoxicity‐induced cell death. Liraglutide produced neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects similar to those of exendin‐4 in vitro. The cAMP/PKA/pCREB pathway appears to play an important role in this neuroprotective activity of liraglutide. Furthermore, our findings in cell culture were well‐translated in a weight drop mTBI mouse model. Post‐treatment with a clinically relevant dose of liraglutide for 7 days in mice ameliorated memory impairments caused by mTBI when evaluated 7 and 30 days post trauma. These data cross‐validate former studies of exendin‐4 and suggest that liraglutide holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of mTBI.


The CD8+ T cell response is critical to the control of viral infections. Yet, defining the CD8+ T cell response to viral infections quantitatively has been a challenge. Following antigen recognition, which triggers an intracellular signaling cascade, CD8+ T cells can differentiate into effector cells, which proliferate rapidly and destroy infected cells. When the infection is cleared, they leave behind memory cells for quick recall following a second challenge. If the infection persists, the cells may become exhausted, retaining minimal control of the infection while preventing severe immunopathology. These activation, proliferation and differentiation processes as well as the mounting of the effector response are intrinsically multiscale and collective phenomena. Remarkable experimental advances in the recent years, especially at the single cell level, have enabled a quantitative characterization of several underlying processes. Simultaneously, sophisticated mathematical models have begun to be constructed that describe these multiscale phenomena, bringing us closer to a comprehensive description of the CD8+ T cell response to viral infections. Here, we review the advances made and summarize the challenges and opportunities ahead.


Observations were made in Fiji on the ecology and control of two Delphacid planthoppers on rice, Sogatella furcifera (Horv.) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), the latter species having apparently been responsible for a devastating outbreak in 1959. The studies covered three rice seasons, 1961, 1962, and 1963, most of the research being done at Koronivia in the south-eastern part of Viti Levu. Samples were taken of planthoppers and their natural enemies in dryland (drilled) and wetland (transplanted) rice, as well as in rice seed-beds and areas with grass or mixed rice and grass. Insecticides applied at standard dosages were tested against the planthoppers. It was shown that S. furcifera was most common on young rice and that N. lugens predominated on older rice. Sogatella kolophon (Kirk.), long placed in the genus Sogata and confused with Sogatella furcifera , was abundant only in grassy areas. Populations of N. lugens and, to a lesser extent, of S. furcifera , were apt to reach damaging levels on transplanted rice growing in pools of standing water after a dry period. In drilled fields, the predatory Mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis vitiensis Usinger provided effective control by destroying eggs of N. lugens , and, by the time the rice was six months old, it usually outnumbered the females of N. lugens . Parasitism of planthopper eggs by Mymarids, Trichogrammatids, and Eulophids was very low. Parasitism of adults of S. furcifera and S. kolophon by Elenchid Strepsipterons averaged about ten per cent, and that by Dryinid wasps less than one per cent. Adults of N. lugens were virtually free from parasitism but were sometimes infected by fungi. Factors influencing outbreaks are discussed. These include the amount of rainfall, the type of cultivation, the age of the rice crop, the species composition of the planthopper populations, and the relative abundance of Cyrtorhinus . Insecticidal concentrates tested against both S. furcifera and N. lugens included malathion 50 per cent, emulsifiable concentrate, diazinon 20 per cent, e.c., Bogor 30 per cent, e.c., DDT 20 per cent, e.c., dieldrin 15 per cent, e.c., and Sevin 80 per cent, wettable powder. Dieldrin-resistant strains of N. lugens appeared during 1961, the third season in which dieldrin and BHC had been widely used. The other five materials gave good results, DDT being the least expensive and the most persistent, although it took more than 24 hours to reduce the plant-hopper populations. It was concluded that rice should be closely watched from its third to the end of its sixth month and that 50 oz. of DDT 20 per cent. e.c. in 50 gallons of water per acre, or an equivalent formulation of some other insecticide, should be sprayed on the rice stems if the planthopper density should exceed 10 per stem. Other possible measures for controlling rice planthoppers would include the introduction of Dryinid wasps parasitising N. lugens , the development of rice varieties resistant to planthopper attacks, and the use of controlled flooding in high-bunded fields, but on present evidence the first two appear to hold little promise of success.


ABSTRACT The superior manoeuvrability of hummingbirds emerges from complex interactions of specialized neural and physiological processes with the unique flight dynamics of flapping wings. Escape manoeuvring is an ecologically relevant, natural behaviour of hummingbirds, from which we can gain understanding into the functional limits of vertebrate locomotor capacity. Here, we extend our kinematic analysis of escape manoeuvres from a companion paper to assess two potential limiting factors of the manoeuvring performance of hummingbirds: (1) muscle mechanical power output and (2) delays in the neural sensing and control system. We focused on the magnificent hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens, 7.8 g) and the black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri, 3.1 g), which represent large and small species, respectively. We first estimated the aerodynamic forces, moments and the mechanical power of escape manoeuvres using measured wing kinematics. Comparing active-manoeuvring and passive-damping aerodynamic moments, we found that pitch dynamics were lightly damped and dominated by the effect of inertia, while roll dynamics were highly damped. To achieve observed closed-loop performance, pitch manoeuvres required faster sensorimotor transduction, as hummingbirds can only tolerate half the delay allowed in roll manoeuvres. Accordingly, our results suggested that pitch control may require a more sophisticated control strategy, such as those based on prediction. For the magnificent hummingbird, we estimated that escape manoeuvres required muscle mass-specific power 4.5 times that during hovering. Therefore, in addition to the limitation imposed by sensorimotor delays, muscle power could also limit the performance of escape manoeuvres. Summary: Both neural delays and muscle mechanical power capacity could limit the manoeuvring performance of hummingbirds, and pitch manoeuvres require faster sensorimotor transduction than roll manoeuvres.


Three Mesoproterozoic nepheline syenite intrusions, namely Chhatabar, Lodhajhari and Baradangua intrusions, have been concordantly emplaced within a polydeformed and amphibolite facies metamorphosed sedimentary sequence (quartzites and mica schists) in the Rengali Province, eastern India. The metasedimentary sequence and the nepheline syenite intrusions both record three phases of folding (F1, F2 and F3). The penetrative fabric in quartzites is a schistosity (S1SS), while that in mica schists is a crenulation cleavage (S2SS), which has transposed to S1SS . The nepheline syenite intrusions exhibit magmatic to solid state deformation structures and microstructures. Magmatic layering in the rocks is commonly transposed by a prominent schistosity (S1NN ). Fold geometries and deformation fabrics of the metasedimentary sequence and the nepheline syenites indicate that the latter were emplaced syntectonically during F1 folding of the metasedimentary sequence.


Nine new small-seeded peanut lines were evaluated for their productivity at Laixi Experiment Station,Shandong Peanut Research Institute in 2009.Seven of them showed a significant yield superiority of 10.40%~19.51% over the local control Huayu No.20.The peanut kernel yield of S8、S14 reached 4 593.75kg/hm2.Lines exhibiting consistent high yields will be selected as entries to provincial level or National Multi-location Peanut Variety Test.


I rose at 6:30 to get a head start on cramming those last few arrhythmias. Grabbing a large coffee, I hid myself away for the remaining hours before the exam. I wanted to make the best of the time I had.

Later, in the auditorium, I faced the the exam with my classmates. It wasn't all that bad, I


A new method of analytic solution for the equation of hydrodynamic flow from an atmosphere has been developed. This method conserves a term neglected in the equation for the McNutt [1989] approximation and significantly improves uncertainty of the solution. Structure of Pluto's upper atmosphere near perihelion was calculated by this method at various solar activity and at various methane mixing ratios. Both the UV absorption by CH4 at 1000–1400 A and the EUV absorption by N2 heat the upper atmosphere with the global-mean rates of 1.4 × 10−3 and 2.9 × 10−4 ergs cm−2 s−1, respectively, at mean solar activity. Hydrodynamic outflow of N2 from Pluto at perihelion is equal to (2.0–2.6)×1027 s−1 at mean solar activity and varies by a factor of 3–4 from solar minimum to solar maximum. The exobase lies below the sonic level. Pluto's atmosphere does not completely fit both the conditions of static and hydrodynamically escaping atmospheres and is an intermediate case of a slow hydrodynamic escape. The total loss for the age of the solar system corresponds to an ice layer that is 500 m thick and 5 × 10−4 of Pluto's mass. Pluto's atmosphere is restricted to 3000–4500 km, which makes possible a close flyby of future spacecraft.


In the frame of safety analysis of liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs) under hypothetical Unprotected Loss of Flow (ULOF) conditions two-phase flow of sodium is simulated in a 7-pin bundle, with hexagonal lattice. Molecular dynamics, with the application of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, and a macroscopic model describing rewetting sequences due to the flow of a sodium liquid film along the pin surfaces, are applied to simulate the coolant in the bundle. The pin surfaces and the inner surface of the hexagonal canning are treated in the Monte Carlo simulation as diffusively reflecting surfaces. Collisions of sodium molecules are computed with the 'hard-sphere' model. With respect to previous work the following improvements of the computational code were made: i) The full bundle is simulated, thus allowing for asymmetries, like a skewed power distribution, to be accounted for; ii) A pin model calculates detailed temperature distributions in the pins, so that temperature boundary conditions are computed and not imposed; iii) Post processing visualisation of computed results was developed. An out of pile sodium boiling experiment run at the Nuclear Research Center of Karlsruhe, Germany, is simulated and conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the methodology inmore » computer codes dedicated to breeder reactors safety analysis. (authors)« less


A Fabry-Perot Bragg Gratings (FP-BG) is developed by using two uniform fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) system. The objective of this research is to simulate single, dual FBGs and fabricate single FBG by using phase mask writing with a UV KrF excimer laser. Three single FBGs with Bragg wavelength of 1551.09 nm, 1551.29 nm and 1551.66 nm have been fabricated with reflectivity values of 30.2%, 78.1% and 44.7% respectively. FBG's with reflectivity value of 78.1% are categorized as good and strong FBG, since its reflectivity value is more than 50%. Some simulation works were also executed in this research to generate the transmission spectrum of single and dual FBGs. For single FBG, the transmission spectra for different values of grating lengths and reflectivities have been studied. Results showed that the transmission spectra of single FBG becomes wider if the grating produced is short, and longer when the reflectivity value is increased. For dual FBGs, simulations were performed by varying the separation distance between the two FBGs. The separation distance was varied from 0.5 cm to 5.5 cm, with an increment of 0.5 cm. The result showed that any increase of the separation distance led to an increase in the number of maximum transmission peaks of dual FBGs, due to the absorption phenomenon. Only selected wavelengths with certain frequencies were allowed to transmit at the fibre's end and the dual FBGs performed acted as a Fabry-Perot filter. This new configuration of FP filter exhibited similar behaviours as the conventional FP etalon, in which the parameters of free spectral range (FSR), full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) and finesse can be obtained from the transmission profiles.


The purpose of this paper is to present results concerning the applicability of structuring methods. What kind of structure enables a productive transfer into QFD? And going one step further: which stakeholder of an intralogistic facility will find this structuring most helpful? Accuracy in the run-up offers satisfactory results in QFD. And accuracy is often achieved by clarity. Handling intralogistic requirements means dealing with hundreds of data records. Only structuring can achieve a clear overview. However, a structure can only be useful if the user finds it easy to handle. Therefore, it is also important to consider the different points of view of users. These users are, as a general rule, stakeholders in the facility stakeholders that have to weight requirements in the run-up or have to deal with requirements as a part of the planning team. In conclusion, the paper will point out how to structure requirements in order to give all stakeholders an all-embracing overview of the large amount of requirements. Furthermore working with a large amount of requirements should become more effective and accurate. As a result clustering and weighting of requirement should become easier.


To evaluate the role of serum growth hormone(GH) in development of NIDDM vascular symptom, level of serum GH was measured by RIA in 180 patients with NIDDM. Results showed that in no vascular symptom NIDDM group, serum level of GH was significantly lower than in the control group( P 0.05);while in vascular symptom NIDDM group, serum level of GH was significantly higher than in the control group( P 0.01).Serum level of GH was significantly distinction between the two NIDDM groups. GH may play an important role in development of NIDDM vascular symptom.


Objective To explore the applicaed value of standardized visual rating scale of medial temporal lobe atrophy(MTA) in vascular dementiae(VD).Methods The detection of coronal three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo brain MRI sequence was undergone in 31 VD patients(VD group),28 Alzheimer disease(AD) patients(AD group) and 25 non-dementia patients(non-dementia group).MTA were evaluated by MTA standardized visual rating scale(0-4 scores) and compared among the 3 groups.Results The bilateral MTA score was(5.89±1.74) in AD group,(2.32±1.67) in VD group and(0.54±0.98)in non-dementia group.The difference among the 3 groups had statistical significance(all P0.05).The incidence of MTA was 100% in AD group and 84% in VD group.Conclusion The MTA evaluated by MTA standardized visual rating scale in VD patient can be quick,easy and relatively accuracy.


The present invention relates to solid-phase synthesis of thymosin alpha Peptide or fragments, are synthesized on polyethylene glycol (PEG) resin. The method according to the invention provides a high yield and purity of the product. .BACKGROUND


In order to overexpress the Rhizomucor miehei Lipase(RML) gene and obtain a large number of bioactive proteins in Escherichia coli.Firstly,the research improved the amount of the soluble protein through three methods:1) RML was introduced at 16 ℃.2) RML was fused with a new chaperone(Skp) which was located at the N terminal of RML;3) RML was fused with the Trx.tag in pET32a and the tag was located at the N terminal of RML.Secondly,the specific activity of purified RML derived from different methods was detected as(226±10~247±10) U/mg.The expression result showed that the low-temperature inducing was best method and the concentration of RML was 0.86 mg/mL.It was proposed that the temperature was the key factor of controling the amount of soluble protein.The activity test showed that fusion of Skp/Trx·tag and the N terminal of RML did not change the activity center(C terminal) and the catalytic ability of RML.Therefore,the strategy for overexpression of RML in E.coli kept the biologycal activity and was valuble in the practice.


The adaptive filtering algorithm Based on the current statistical model is the common method in maneuvering targets tracking. Aiming to improve the performance of the traditional filtering algorithm Based on current statistical model, a kind of new algorithm is put forward. At last, simulation study is made to prove its better performance. The improved algorithm not only increases the dynamic range of maneuvering target tracking, but also has better performance in tracking both maneuvering targets and non-maneuvering targets.


Offshore fields, specifically, deepwater oil and gas reserves, have been receiving increasing attention with the increasing consumption of petroleum products. Marine risers are critical to the petroleum industry. The steep wave riser (SWR) is becoming increasingly popular as its use has provided a solution for oil and gas exploration in water depths where traditional rigid risers could not tolerate the environmental loads or would have become very costly. A numerical model of an SWR with internal flow is built based on the slender rod model and the finite element method. The Newton-Raphson and the Newmark- methods are used to solve the non-linear static and dynamic problems, respectively. A calculation program, SWRNM, is developed. The results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that the buoyancy section, current, internal flow, and floater have significant effects on the SWR, and can provide guidance for future SWR designs.


Towards a general class of hybrid dynamical system with free terminal states a global optimal control problem is proposed in this paper. And we bring forward the mathematical method to solve the above problem-HDS' global maximum principle. Then we prove the theorem by means of general variational principle.


The author compares the concepts of one of the eternal characters of the world culture in the Bible and in the works of Michelangelo Buonarroti and Stefan Heym.


Recently, L. Buhovsky, A. Logunov and S. Tanny proved the (strong) Poisson bracket conjecture by Leonid Polterovich in dimension 2. In this note, instead of open cover constituted of displaceable sets in their work, considering open cover constituted of topological discs we give a sufficient and necessary condition that Poisson bracket invariants of these covers are positive.


Applications of rolling diaphragm transmissions for medical and teleoperated robotics are of great interest, due to the low friction of rolling diaphragms combined with the power density and stiffness of hydraulic transmissions. However, the stiffness-enabling pressure preloads can form a tradeoff against bearing loading in some rolling diaphragm layouts, and transmission setup can be difficult. Utilization of cable drives compliment the rolling diaphragm transmission's advantages, but maintaining cable tension is crucial for optimal and consistent performance. In this paper, a coaxial opposed rolling diaphragm layout with cable drive and an electronic transmission control system are investigated, with a focus on system reliability and scalability. Mechanical features are proposed which enable force balancing, decoupling of transmission pressure from bearing loads, and maintenance of cable tension. Key considerations and procedures for automation of transmission setup, phasing, and operation are also presented. We also present an analysis of system stiffness to identify key compliance contributors, and conduct experiments to validate prototype design performance.


New-style ketchup packaging composite board box is an important technical innovation in ketchup packaging and has broad market prospect because of its economic and recyclable. Some tests including material property test and assembly property test have been done on the new-style composite board box. Different thickness boards such as 20mm, 25mm and 28mm have been tested in the paper. The results show that new-style composite board box can meet the requirements of ketchup packing.


Regional Head in a direct election indicates not yielded Regional Head of an ideal, in this case is suspected that some Regional Head who stumble legal cases of corruption. Such things can happen because of the democratic process in elections beginning with the starting pull of interest between the prospective head region with political parties on the one hand, and between candidates for the head area with his constituents on the other side. The implications of these conditions cause the cost of direct elections is quite expensive. With the number of political parties is quite large and there is no consciousness of the voters make choices based on conscience cannot be avoided in the elections always bring money politics (politics of money) / political horse-trading, and will bring leaders think moral hazard. These conditions are still just always happens in local elections democratic party directly. Such a case will be examined from a sociological aspect to bring up three issues, namely: the proliferation of political parties, money politics (money politics) / political horse-trading and the nature of moral hazard. Keywords : direct election problems, sociological perspectives


What role do man-eating monsters - vampires, zombies, werewolves and cannibals - play in contemporary culture? This book explores the question of whether recent representations of humans as food in popular culture characterizes a unique moment in Western cultural history and suggests a new set of attitudes toward people, monsters, and death.


In the present paper, we have defined Special Tachibana recurrent space of second order and derived several interesting theorems there in.


Molecular imaging using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) can provide in vivo images of physiologically or biochemically important parameters. Direct reconstruction of parametric images from dynamic PET sinograms is statistically more efficient than the conventional indirect methods, which perform image reconstruction and kinetic modeling in two separate steps. Most existing direct reconstruction methods are derived based on a known blood input function. This paper presents a direct reconstruction algorithm using a simplified reference tissue model, which does not require a blood input function. We have derived a minorization-maximization algorithm to find the penalized maximum likelihood solution. Computer simulations show that the proposed method has better bias-variance tradeoff than the conventional indirect method for estimating parametric images of receptor binding potential using dynamic PET.


In recent years, there has been an increased interest in dental curriculum reform. Educators recognize the value of active, independent learning, the use of technology in education and the influence of culture and technology on the way young adults learn. Educating the next and future generations of dentists in modern, technologically advanced methods of dental practice will remain the foundation of any successful dental education. Nowadays, however, the increased awareness of the association between oral and systemic health means that health care education requires as much emphasis on topics such as interpersonal communication, interprofessionalism, ethics, critical thinking, problem-solving and evidence-based practice as it does on teaching students how to make the right diagnosis, initiate the right therapy and provide technical procedures proficiently and safely. In 2005, the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Centre for Educational Policy and Research published Recommendations from the ADEA Forum on the Predoctoral Dental Curriculum.1 In this paper the authors recommended that competencies form the basis for curriculum development. Both the ADEA and the Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry (ACFD) subsequently published documents defining the competencies required for the recently graduated general dentist.2,3 The ACFD document includes competencies related to the understanding of the relationship between oral and systemic health, critical appraisal of scientific literature, and evidence-based practice and communication. This shift toward competency-based dental education provided the impetus for curriculum innovation (Box 1). In early 2008, ADEA released the results of the 3-year Macy Study, New Models of Dental Education, in the form of a series of papers published in the Journal of Dental Education.4 The ideas and recommendations presented in these papers are far-reaching and thought-provoking. The authors challenge dental educators to embrace a real paradigm shift from the traditional dental education model. Curriculum Change at Schulich Dentistry


Coking wastewater was a high concentration refractory organic wastewater.The COD,suspended solids,hardness and chloride ion concentration in the wastewater couldn't reach the standard even after treatment by biological methods,coagulation and sedimentation.Therefore,they couldn't recycle until it was treated by advanced technology.A coking wastewater from a plant in Tangshan secondary sedimentation tank was studied by UF-NF combined technology for advanced treatment of coking wastewater,and the factors which influenced the treatment efficiency were also discussed.The results indicated that after treatment,COD≤50 mg/L,hardness ≤40 mg/L,the concentration of chloride ion was 300—400 mg/L,suspended solids and color was 0 in the water,the water was up to GB50335-2002 Standard.During the experiment,through the ultrafiltration membrane and nanofiltration membrane flux and the pressure of the analysis,recovery after washing and backwashing flux analysis,the technology for treatment of coking wastewater was feasible and available.


Background: This study aims to develop a test for assessing pragmatic comprehension ability in Chinese as a second language (L2). Following the framework of an argument-based approach to test validation, this study attempts to obtain backing for the Evaluation and Explanation inferences. Methods: Test items were developed based on two sources of authentic language use (i.e., field notes and a corpus of natural language use). Following a series of piloting, 107 examinees of L2 Chinese completed the test (k = 39) in the main study. Among them, nine examinees had retrospective interviews that probed the knowledge, strategies and processes involved in completing the test. Results: The assumption underlying the Evaluation inference was supported by satisfactory statistical characteristics of the test (e.g., item/test difficulty, item discrimination, distractor functioning, and item/person fit); moreover, the two assumptions associated with the Explanation inference were backed by quantitative and qualitative evidence demonstrating that variations in test performance were attributable to the targeted construct of pragmatic comprehension ability. Conclusion: The test appears to be a reliable instrument for assessing pragmatic comprehension ability in L2 Chinese. The test results can be used to inform decision-making on curriculum development for interested Chinese programs.


As public relations practitioners look toward the future and the 21st century, there is a drive to redefine the profession as one that is indispensable to senior management. Therefore, it seems appropriate to pause and reflect on the role practitioners play in business and society. Public Relations Journal gave our readers the chance to contribute to the debate in our second Opinion Poll. We asked the following question: "Are practitioners advocates, consensus builders, both or other? Please explain your answer." According to our results, the public relations profession is one very much in search of a definition. While most respondents feel their role fits into more than one category, many view the public relations function as one that incorporates many aspects of each classification. The majority of respondents (57%) felt practitioners are both advocates and consensus builders. Many of those who felt both roles are important gave similar explanations. Some commented their role was to gain or strengthen support for ideas, programs or products, or work on behalf of some interest. Others wrote they establish mutuality, reconcile conflicting interests through better understanding, bring parties from opposing sides together, build understanding and support, mediate, and serve as a liaison. Those respondents who defined practitioners as advocates outnumbered the respondents who chose consensus builders by 3-to-1. Of those who see practitioners as advocates (21%), the general theme of their comments was that they service and represent the views of others. Many said they garner support, and work on behalf of a client's interest and win acceptance for a client's products and services, or the issues or policies they favor. Of those who see practitioners as consensus builders (7%), several said they must represent others, gain mutual trust and understanding, and present the complete facts and views of everyone involved in an issue. Many respondents who chose the category marked "other" thought practitioners are in fact advocates in addition to being something else. Some, however, felt practitioners were something else entirely. One respondent wrote that practitioners are "shrewd mercenaries when dealing with external publics and prudent in-house activists. We are the radar of management." Some stated that such a diverse field can't be generalized. For example, one respondent commented: "This question, as posed, is a complete oversimplification--the answer depends on the client." Another wrote: "To limit or generalize with these terms is to downplay the greater role of the PR practitioner." These comments suggest that some find it hard to define their roles within one category or another. A selection of the comments we received from respondents follows. Some responses were edited for grammar and clarity. ADVOCATES * Clients and employers expect their PR advisors to be dedicated to the realization of corporate goals through persuasive and constructive management of communications channels. Ray Argyle President Argyle Communications, Inc. Toronto, Ontario Canada * Practitioners mainly advocate a position or course of action; however, this advocacy may be directed toward management as well as toward other publics. Glen T. Cameron, Ph.D. Assistant Professor University of Georgia Athens, GA * I am an advocate: for my clients to their publics, for those publics to my clients, and for my agency to my clients and publics. Frank S. Coots, APR Director Public Relations Elisco & Herrmann Pittsburgh, PA * Just as a lawyer is an advocate for his client, the public relations practitioner is perceived as an advocate in the minds of both the media and the thinking public. In my opinion, any other role would lack credibility, perhaps even be a conflict of interest. The practitioner is a consensus builder only as he seeks to develop, guide, direct and fine-tune the substance and timing of the client's public activities so as to achieve optimum public understanding and acceptance. …


© Equinox Publishing Ltd 2007. chaska protests, "when Jesus, now a socialist, had departed for Whitehall?" (96) This dismal eclipse of a sensitive, feminized world of homely service by a masculine fist of statecraft—a gendered reading of the process that adds much force and colour to the argument—is ultimately so consuming that you wonder what practical avenues for recovery remain. This note of finality, however, points to one of the weaknesses of the book. While the discussion of the ways in which Victorian evangelicals moralized social problems is compelling, the contrast between such a spiritually active and personally responsive nineteenth-century world and the brave new world of twentiethcentury statism is perhaps exaggerated. At a basic level it could be argued that Christianity has not been banished from those desolate corridors of Whitehall, or from school assemblies and hospital wards, to quite the degree argued. There are numerous Christians among those "mandarins of Whitehall" to which the book repeatedly refers. But a more significant challenge to the dichotomy of Christian Victorian era and "disenchanted" twentieth century is to argue that many of the social services that Prochaska sees as intrinsic to the churches actually presaged the secularization he blames on the state. There is plenty of evidence here of social responsibilities taking over from more decisively "religious" activities (in organizations such as the Mothers' Union) and it was only in this respect that the rise of state welfare represented a challenge. Such organizations made themselves, to use a sociological phrase, "structurally vulnerable" by their all-out commitment to social work. This is not to argue that they were wrong to engage in such work, but to suggest that more theological perspective on the relationship between charity and evangelism, and between Christ and Caesar, is required by both practitioners and scholars of such work. There were dangers of secularization long before decisions were taken to "bow to the state." This is an enjoyable and richly embroidered text, however, and one that will fire the contemporary as well as the historical imagination. Dominic Erdozain Dept of Theology and Religious Studies, King's College, London email@example.com


Piero Ferrucci has a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Torino. He had a five year training from Robert Assagioli; and has collaborated with Laura Huxley in workshops and writing. He lives in Florence and works with the Instituto di Psicosintesi. He presently is in private practice, writes and trains professionals.


One of the most widespread and reliable techniques for spectral phase characterization of optical elements is spectrally resolved interferometry (SRI), which utilizes a two-arm interferometer illuminated by a broadband light source and a spectrometer to record the generated spectral fringes, which are usually evaluated by using Fourier-transform-based methods. One detriment to these methods, that they require high spectral resolution. Considering that most of the spectrometers in the mid-infrared (MIR) region have typically a few nm spectral resolution, we propose two alternative methods for measurements in this spectral region, second harmonic assisted SRI (SH-SRI) and dual-band SRI. The SH-SRI method utilizes second harmonic generation, which allows for high-precision phase retrieval by shifting the detection range from the MIR regime to the near-infrared, where high-resolution spectrometers are commercially available. The dual-band SRI method has the capabilities of the SH-SRI, while simultaneously probing the optical element at the second harmonic frequency band as well. Using the Fourier transform method, the acquired phase can be obtained from a single interferogram at both frequency bands simultaneously, which effectively doubles the measurement bandwidth compared to the original SRI and the SH-SRI without increasing the requirements on the bandwidth and the resolution of the spectrometer. To determine the performance of these new schemes, we have measured the spectral phase shift of several optical windows with both SH-SRI and dual-band SRI. Their accuracy was significantly higher than that of the conventional SRI technique that relied on low-resolution spectrometers operating in the MIR region. We used the SH-SRI technique also to verify the phase performance of custom-made MIR dispersive mirrors, designed with specific dispersion characteristics. With the dispersive mirrors, we were able to compress our spectrally broadened pulses to 19.6 fs (<2 cycles) at 3170 nm central wavelength with 8.2 W average power.


Six alkali lignin fractions were extracted from sugar beet pulp with 2% NaOH at 45° for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h, respectively. The yields of total and pure lignin fractions, LA, were 4.07-7.63% and 2.90-5.85%, respectively, during the increase of alkali treatment time from 0.5 to 5 h. The chemical and physico-chemical properties of the pure lignins were studied by nitrobenzene oxidation, and UV-, FT-IR- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. All isolated pure lignin fractions (LA) contained rather low amounts of bound neutral polysaccharides (0.92-1.80%) and pectic substances (2.15-2.75%). The molecular-average weights ranged between 1970-2120 Da. The lignin fraction, isolated with 2% NaOH at 45° for 0.5 h, is mainly composed of β-O-4 ether bonds. The less common β-β, β-5, 5-5', and β-1 carbon-carbon linkages in the lignin structural units are also present. Further studies indicated that p-coumaric acids are esterified to lignin at the side chains, while ferulic acids are both esterified and etherified to lignin side chains. The results also showed that the lignins are strongly linked to galacturonic acids by esterification.


Shale oil occurs in free state (including condensate state), adsorption state (adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles) and dissolved state (dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.) in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons (mobile oil), has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.


A method of forming a semiconductor device on a semiconductor substrate (100), wherein the semiconductor substrate (100) comprises a source region (104), a drain region (102) and a T-gate (111), said method comprising: - forming a resist layer (114) on the semiconductor substrate (100); - forming a window (116) in the resist layer (114); - depositing a metal film (118) by a technique a directional deposition in the window (116) and on the resist layer (114) and - lifting of the resist layer (114) for forming a first, disposed over a portion of the T-gate (111) field plate (120), and a second, on the semiconductor substrate (100) and disposed in a vicinity of the T-gate (111) field plate (122).


This article criticizes the classical paradigm of philosophical anthropology, which not only tried a scientifically based determination of human identity, but it also contained practical postulates and an implicit teleology. In my paper I argue that the anthropology in our liquid post-modernity should not idealize its status as "first philosophy". Rather it should remain descriptive and critical. It is therefore urged a transition from a comparative theory of human identity – based on the animal or computer comparison – to a non-idealistic theory of identity. In this respect, the paper offers a contribution to an anthropology of Far Eastern Arts. It focuses mainly on two phenomena: the seated body in Zen Buddhism and the moving body in Taoism. These arts, I argue, have an educational value because they make discover a bodily and mental self-reference, which also means a reference to the other, a self-withdrawal. Through such an identification with the body, an awareness-based identity takes shape; an identity which is broader than Descartes' concept of consciousness.


In presenting this paper before this Section, I do so with a feeling that the practical side should not be lost sight of while we are eagerly searching out the scientific. Much has been written on the subject of pyorrhea alveolaris and there is a great difference of opinion still existing as to the etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is not my purpose in this paper to discuss the various points above mentioned, but to give a brief outline of a method of handling these cases which has given me the most satisfactory results. It has been my experience that different cases of pyorrhea differ in their treatment. One case may yield readily to a certain treatment, while another may be very persistent in its pathologic behavior. But thoroughness in diagnosis and treatment is the key to success. In diagnosing any case, get a history of


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Image segmentation by clustering is one of the key problems in computer vision. Before high-level reasoning can be applied to an image, Clustering or Segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments or regions. Existing method of image clustering, K-means algorithm obtains cluster results converged to minimum with speedy but consistent lost due to random initialization cluster centroid, as well as the method sensitivity to noised image produces undesirable clustering results. In our proposed method of enhanced K-mean clustering algorithm reduce these drawbacks and obtains better results than existing method. Our method extract initial cluster centroids from image intensity distribution and bilateral filter model of Gaussian weightening technique reduce noise influence while execution of clustering algorithm. The experiment carried out on different set of images standard, medical and natural images produced clustered results better than existing algorithms.


Computer-automated scoring (CAS) is becoming a popular tool in assessment. Various studies have been conducted to assess the quality of CAS-system-generated scores. There is then a need for a systematic examination of these studies in the context of contemporary validity concepts and current practice. This article starts with a brief introduction to current CAS systems. Next, we review the current practice of validating CAS-system-generated scores. Finally, we present a conceptual framework and general recommendations for designing validation studies for CAS procedures.


Protein levels can be controlled by regulating protein synthesis or half life. The aim of this paper is to investigate how introducing feedback in burst frequency or protein decay rate affects the stochastic distribution of protein level. Using a tractable hybrid mathematical framework, we show that the two feedback pathways lead to the same mean and noise predictions in the small-noise regime. Away from the small-noise regime, feedback in decay rate outperforms feedback in burst frequency in terms of noise control. The difference is particularly conspicuous in the strong-feedback regime. We also formulate a fine-grained discrete model which reduces to the hybrid model in the large system-size limit. We show how to approximate the discrete protein copy-number distribution and its Fano factor using hybrid theory. We also demonstrate that the hybrid model reduces to an ordinary differential equation in the limit of small noise. Our study thus contains a comparative evaluation of feedback in burst frequency and decay rate, and provides additional results on model reduction and approximation.


Objective To evaluate whether transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a suitable treatment approach for patients diagnosed with tonsillar carcinoma after a standard palatine tonsillectomy. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods Patients who underwent TORS at the University of Washington from 2010 to 2017 (n = 150) were identified. All patients who were diagnosed with tonsillar carcinoma following a nononcologic tonsillectomy and subsequently underwent TORS radical tonsillectomy were included (n = 14). Tumor stage–matched subjects (n = 44) were included who did not undergo standard tonsillectomy prior to TORS. Our primary outcome was final margin status. Secondary outcomes were presence of residual tumor, receipt and dose of postoperative adjuvant therapy, disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival. Patients with <6 months of follow-up following definitive treatment were excluded from survival analyses. Results Final margin status was clear in all subjects. Residual tumor was not identified in 13 of 14 (92.9%) prior-tonsillectomy subjects following TORS radical tonsillectomy. Seven of 14 (50%) prior-tonsillectomy subjects and 12 of 44 (27.3%) TORS-matched subjects did not require adjuvant therapy due to favorable pathology. Among subjects who received post-TORS radiation therapy (RT) at our institution, RT dose reduction was achieved in 3 of 4 (75%) prior-tonsillectomy subjects and 21 of 24 (87.5%) TORS-matched subjects. Ten of 14 (71.4%) prior-tonsillectomy subjects and 31 of 44 (70.5%) TORS-matched subjects avoided post-TORS chemotherapy. DFS was not significantly different (P = .87) between prior-tonsillectomy and TORS-matched groups, and no subjects died of related disease. Conclusions Patients diagnosed with tonsillar carcinoma following a prior nononcologic standard palatine tonsillectomy are suitable candidates for revision surgery with TORS radical tonsillectomy.


Computationally efficient design optimization of dual-band microstrip couplers is demonstrated using an adaptive response scaling (ARS) technique. ARS allows for constructing a fast surrogate of the high-fidelity EM-simulation model of the coupler structure under design using its equivalent circuit as an underlying low-fidelity model. ARS relies on nonlinear frequency/amplitude response scaling that accommodates the discrepancies between the low- and high-fidelity models at the reference design. ARS has been applied for design of a dual-band microstrip coupler with enhanced bandwidth.


This paper presents a highly integrated micropower measurement system used in a precision letter scale. The main part is a mixed signal ASIC implemented in a 1.2 /spl mu/m low power CMOS technology. The system is supplied by a 20 cm/sup 2/ silicon solar cell. A 5-digit LCD is used as an output unit.


Although the clinical manifestations of streptococcal pharyngitis have often been described, no single symptom or sign has been found to be present in every case. Reports differ on the ability of investigators to diagnose this illness on clinical grounds.1-7In many cases, the correct clinical diagnosis was uncertain without the aid of bacteriologic procedures. The aims of this study were (a) to identify distinctive syndromes characteristic of this illness; (b) to measure a clinician's ability to recognize streptococcal pharyngitis using throat culture as the diagnostic criterion, and (c) to determine the need for and limitations of throat culture in the diagnosis. During the course of this study, various factors which might influence the clinical diagnosis were evaluated. Methods and Materials Throat cultures were taken in 1,141 cases of acute pharyngitis seen in the private practice of one pediatrician from April, 1956, through April, 1959. Of the cases, 93% occurred


The present invention is directed to a method and device for encoding video. According to the present invention, a first region in a first frame is matched to a second region in a second frame. A first partially encoded frame is produced including a difference between pixel values of the first and second region. A second partially encoded frame is produced including pixel values of either the first or second region. Further, the first and second partially encoded frame is transformed into wavelet coefficients.


Summary. In previous studies, we demonstrated an over‐expression of the dominant‐negative isoform of the transcription factor Ikaros in patients with blast crisis of both chronic myelogenous leukaemia and B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Recently, we reported an over‐expression of the short isoforms of Helios, which is one of the members of the Ikaros gene family, in a patient with T‐cell ALL. In the present study, we found over‐expression of short isoforms of Helios in human T lymphotropic virus‐I (HTLV1)‐infected patients who had developed chronic and acute forms of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma. In contrast, we could not detect any over‐expression of short isoforms of Helios in healthy HTLV1 carriers. By Southern blotting, we detected a small deletion in the Helios gene locus of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma patients. The present results suggest that Helios gene abnormalities might be one of the important mechanisms in the disease progression of HTLV1 infection.


A study has been made of the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties of n-Bi/sub 2/(Te,Se)/sub 3/ solid solutions (x=0.3 and 0.36). An optimal charge carrier concentration in the low temperature range (80-120) K was provided with addition of excess Te. A minimum of the Z=f(T) relation was observed near 120 K; the value of Z is increased when the temperature falls to 80 K. This may be explained by the absence of interband scattering of carriers at the studied carrier concentrations.


The present invention relates to a single phase faulted with Virtual Earth recognition method based on the whole Zhou Bo energy ratio belongs to the technical field of power system protection. After extraction of the present invention after two Zhou Bo of a fault zero sequence voltage data, are subjected to the wavelet transform, the reconstructed coefficients squared wavelet transformed at each scale summing, obtaining the highest frequency energy value, the first Zhou Bo of the highest frequency energy value than the most high-frequency energy value of the second Zhou Bo, the identification of a grid with single phase faulted Virtual earth such that sets a threshold value in accordance with magnitude relation to reliably achieved. This principle of the method is simple, can be identified in a relatively short time Virtual Earth; robustness, without having an arc fault, the influence of nonlinear loads, etc., greatly reduce the hardware requirements of the sampling rate, there are strong practical sex.


Phytic acid was prepared from rice chaff using following steps: immersesing seed-bran with acetic acid and heating up,depositing with milk of lime,acidifing phytin with lactic acid,basifying and wiping off ion with ion-exchange resin,decoloring using active carbon.Compared with congeneric methods,the purity of phytic acid preparated by this method was higher(68%~72%),and its recovery rate exceeded 70%.The product had good solubility and its color and lustre was lucid and clear.Furthermore,this preparation method had repeatability,which could optimize the deep utilization process of grains and oils,and promoted the quality of phytic acid.


This study is specifically concerned with the understanding of real restart procedure that is very crucial for prediction of oil-water columns displacement after un-expected shut down at water-vis ...


Abstract Studies of aerial photographs show clear evidence of increased erosion, since 1943, concentrated at differing altitudes in different parts of the Kaimai Range, North Island, New Zealand. In the Te Rere area, the increase was greatest between 1943 and 1960, but in the other 2 areas (Mt Te Aroha and Te Hunga) the increase was greatest between 1960 and 1974. There is also a high normal erosion frequency at Te Hunga due to steep terrain. Landslides do not appear to be concentrated on slopes of any particular aspect, slope, soil type, or basement geology, but may be linked with areas of poor vegetation. A sample of landslides in each area was visited and mapped in detail. Measurements demonstrated a marked difference between upland and lowland landslides. At the upland sites, landslides occurred on slopes as low as 15°, and on slopes of over 35° bedrock was usually exposed, even in the track. Presence of allophane at the failure plane, and unhealthy vegetation at the landslide sites, markedly reduces ...


Over the past two decades, the roles of stem cells have been studied in the contexts of developmental biology, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, neurodegenerative disorders and what not! Right since the discovery of prostate specific adult stem cells or stem-like cells in both stromal and epithelial compartments, their participation in prostate development and prostatic pathologies (like benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer) are being thoroughly investigated. The present mini-review summarizes the ins and outs of the histological organization of acinar prostate and prostate cancer, keeping the prostate-specific epithelial stem cells on the backdrop.


Ultrafine disperse dye/latex complex colorants dispersion was prepared through miniemulsion polymerization of polymerizable emulsifier(DNS-86).The influence of co-emulsifier,emulsifier,and ultrasound processing time on the properties of complex colorants dispersion was investigated.The results show that hexadecane(HD) was more effective than cetyl alcohol(CA) and dodecanethiol(DDM).The stability of the ultrafine disperse dye/latex complex colorants dispersion prepared from DNS-86 was obviously superior to that prepared from conventional emulsifier.When the concentration of DNS-86 was 14.4 mmol/L,the weight ratio of cetyl alcohol to monomer was 7.5%,and the ultrasound processing time was 15 min,the ultrafine disperse dye/latex complex colorants dispersion prepared had a diameter of 123 nm and Npf/Nmi value of 1.23,indicating that the polymerization was mainly taking place in droplet nucleation.


This thesis describes research work undertaken in the fields of text and questionnaire mining. More specifically, the research work is directed at the use of text classification techniques for the purpose of summarising the free text part of questionnaires. In this thesis text summarisation is conceived of as a form of text classification in that the classes assigned to text documents can be viewed as an indication (summarisation) of the main ideas of the original free text but in a coherent and reduced form. The reason for considering this type of summary is because summarising unstructured free text, such as that found in questionnaires, is not deemed to be effective using conventional text summarisation techniques. Four approaches are described in the context of the classification summarisation of free text from different sources, focused on the free text part of questionnaires. The first approach considers the use of standard classification techniques for text summarisation and was motivated by the desire to establish a benchmark with which the more specialised summarisation classification techniques presented later in this thesis could be compared. The second approach, called Classifier Generation Using Secondary Data (CGUSD), addresses the case when the available data is not considered sufficient for training purposes (or possibly because no data is available at all). The third approach, called Semi-Automated Rule Summarisation Extraction Tool (SARSET), presents a semi-automated classification technique to support document summarisation classification in which there is more involvement by the domain experts in the classifier generation process, the idea was that this might serve to produce more effective summaries. The fourth is a hierarchical summarisation classification approach which assumes that text summarisation can be achieved using a classification approach whereby several class labels can be associated with documents which then constitute the summarisation. For evaluation purposes three types of text were considered: (i) questionnaire free text, (ii) text from medical abstracts and (iii) text from news stories.