Abstract Despite differences in molecular configuration and crystal symmetry, the crystal structures of the odd and even alkyl chain members of the N-(n-alkyl-D-gluconamides and the odd alkyl chain members of the 1-deoxy-(N-methyl alkanamido)-D-glucitols have closely related hydrogen-bond systems, which include a homodromic four-bond cycle. This is associated with the monolayer head-to-tail molecular packing common to these crystal structures.


The invention discloses a synthetic roundup ready gene expression vector and application thereof. The expression vector provided by the invention is the expression vector for expressing the synthetic roundup ready gene; and the synthetic roundup ready gene is the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule of a) or b): a) a nucleotide sequence is a sequence 2 in a sequence table; and b) the nucleotide sequence has at least 98% of identity with the sequence 2 in the sequence table, and the protein is shown by a coding sequence 10. Compared with the transgenic corn which is transplanted with the expression vector containing a prokaryote roundup ready gene G2-aroA, the transgenic corn which is transplanted with the expression vector provided by the invention is obviously higher in the expression quantity of G2-aroA protein; and the transgenic corn is also obviously higher in the glyphosate tolerance.


In this paper, we analyzed EMI dependence on signal duty ratio and power supplied voltage. The EMI levels of the chip-mounted modules were tested and the near-field and far-field emission levels were measured at 800 MHz frequency (the 2nd harmonic of the clock). The relation between EMI levels and line spectra of signals was analyzed for chip design quality, especially including clock generation circuitry and data paths. In addition, voltage-scaling operation and slew rate control operation which affect radiated emission levels, were tested to investigate the effect of duty ratio and slew asymmetry on EMI generation.


OF THE DISSERTATION Investigation of Laser Discharge in a Supersonic Flow and Shock Wave Laminar Boundary Layer Interaction in a Hypersonic Flow By Mahsaalsadat Mortazavi Ravari Dissertation Director: Doyle Knight In this Ph.D. dissertation, two separate phenomena have been numerically studied: flow control using a laser discharge in a supersonic flow and laminar shock wave boundary layer interaction in a hypersonic flow. In the first section of the study, the interaction of a laser-generated plasma with a hemisphere cylinder at Mach 3.45 is simulated using the Euler and Navier Stokes equations, separately and assuming a perfect gas with no chemical reactions in the laser discharge. The instantaneous laser discharge creates a plasma region which in this study is assumed to be spherical. From this spherical plasma region, a blast wave and an expansion wave form which propagate radially outward and inward, respectively. The heated region convects with the flow and interacts with the blunt body shock in the upstream of the hemisphere and changes the flow structure and parameters in that region. The impact of the blast wave with the hemisphere surface momentarily raises the pressure on the hemisphere. When the heated region reaches the blunt body shock lensing of the shock wave occurs and a toroidal vortex forms due to the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; as a result, the pressure on the hemisphere drops momentarily. Later on, the flow parameters converge to their steady state condition


Palm-epoxy hybrid composites were fabricated by incorporating palm leaf stem stalk (PLSS) powder at levels of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt%. Physical, mechanical, and erosion characteristics of these composites were investigated. Incorporation of filler powder had a positive effect on the hardness and impact strength and a negative effect on the tensile and flexural strength of the composites. The erosion test varied the impact angle (45° to 90°), impact velocity (40 m/s to 80 m/s), and erodent particle size (40 μm to 100 μm). The erosion experiments were statistically designed using Taguchi's orthogonal arrays. It was found that the erosion rate of palm-epoxy composites decreased with increasing filler powder content, and that the composite filled with 15 wt% PLSS had the highest erosion resistance. The surface morphology of the eroded samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy.


Abstrac: This paper exPOunded the principle of variatiOnalized analysis and the theoretical model. It includes high orderedsensitivity analySis, parametric analySis based on approximate expansion POlynomial of Tay1Or's progression and iterational perturbatbo, as well as erro control with the conaideratbo to boh accuracy and analytic efficiency. Taking the box shaped cover plate as aconcrete calculational example, the effect and app1icationalpmepects of variationalized analytic technique used in rapid designof mechanical structures are being studied.


Cadmium is selected as an example of a "stock" pollutant—i.e., one for which no counterpart degrading capacity exists in the environment. The current state of knowledge about cadmium concentration in the environment and the impact of this concentration on biota is assessed. The authors then assess the implications of non‐degradability for orthodox cost‐benefit approaches for assessing socially optimal levels of pollution. They conclude that stock pollutants have features which preclude optimal levels from being established by conventional economic analysis.


Morbid obesity is an increasingly common condition encountered across the entire surgical population. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently present among the morbidly obese population. Patients with OSA are at increased risk for sudden cardiac death and perioperative complications. They exhibit significantly reduced pulmonary reserve, which dramatically decreases the safety margin at induction of general anesthesia. The morbidly obese patient is often at higher risk for being difficult to mask ventilate and possibly to intubate. An additional consideration in the care of this population includes possible difficult intravenous access. An accurate preoperative assessment, proper positioning, and immediate availability of airway adjuncts are strongly recommended. Appropriate preparation at the time of induction and emergence is imperative to maintaining patient safety. Intraoperative communication between the surgeon and anesthesiologist during gastric procedures can prevent intraoperative complications.


In satellite-based internet of things (S-IoT), a noted limitation is the non-trivial propagation delay due to the long distances. Hence, to support emergent real-time IoT applications, where information must be transmitted with short end-to-end latency, the traditional hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategies in terrestrial network are not fit anymore because the reliable feedback transmission has low efficiency in S-IoT. In this paper, we propose a network code HARQ (NC-HARQ) transmission protocol combined with the concept of information timeliness, i.e., age of information (AoI) to realize limited/no feedback multi-hop transmission in S-IoT. We consider a two-hop end-to-end transmission scenario in the S-IoT, and derive the closed form expressions for average AoI of our NC-HARQ protocol through establishing a four states Markov chain. Simulation results illustrate that the NC-HARQ protocol achieves lower average AoI compare with several state-of-the-art HARQ schemes.


The research achievement of direct synthesis of trialkoxysilane in recent decades was summarized.The factors influencing direct synthesis of alkoxy silane were analyzed systematically,including synthetic material composition analysis,pretreatment of silicon bronze contacts,evaluation of catalytic system,the reaction media,product purification and separation.In addition,the types of reactor were also systematically evaluated.Based on these studies,the prospect of the direct method in the future was discussed.


The lengthened ion pathway in restacked 2D materials greatly limits the electrochemical performance of practically dense film electrodes (mass loading >10 mg cm−2). Typical strategies such as the insertion of nanomaterials and 3D‐structure design is expected to reduce the volumetric capacitance of Ti3C2Tx electrodes, diminishing the dominating advantage of Ti3C2Tx over other electrode materials. Here, a novel, facile, and controllable H2SO4 oxidation method is developed for alleviating the restacking issue of Ti3C2Tx film with few electrochemically inactive side‐products such as TiO2. A hierarchical ion path "highway" in Ti3C2Tx film is fabricated with porous structure, atomic‐level increased interlayer spacing, and reduced flake size (through probe‐sonication). As a result, ultra‐high rate performance is obtained with high volumetric capacitance. For a ≈1.1 µm thick Ti3C2Tx film, capacitance retention of 64% is obtained (208 F g−1/756 F cm−3) when the scan rate is increased from 5 to 10,000 mV s−1. Even at higher mass loadings exceeding 12 mg cm−2 (48 µm thickness), the rate capability is still comparable to unoptimized Ti3C2Tx electrodes with low mass loading (1 mg cm−2). Consequently, a high areal capacitance of ≈3.2 F cm−2 is achieved for pathway‐optimized thick Ti3C2Tx film, which is of great significance for practical applications.


Abstract Pittosporum eugenioides is a native ornamental species with a wide distribution throughout New Zealand. The effects of the application of two plant hormones (gibberellic acid and abscisic acid) and a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol) on the growth and development, frost resistance, and water loss on two-year old seedlings of P. eugenioides were studied. Gibberellic acid increased plant growth, stem diameter, and shoot succulence, while also inducing leaf hyponasty and vegetative bud break of apices. Abscisic acid induced growth suppression while being effective in promoting leaf epinasty and inhibiting bud break. Paclobutrazol induced growth suppression, promoted epinasty, decreased shoot succulence, inhibited bud break in apices, and increased foliar frost resistance. The effects of paclobutrazol were also overcome by the addition of gibberellic acid. The results are compared with those gained from species not native to New Zealand, and indicate the potential for the application...


The evidence is clear that novice drivers are among some of the most vulnerable road users within the community. Research suggests supervised driving hours may be an effective way to reduce the crash risk for this road user group. A venture between School Drug Education and Road Aware and the RAC aims to highlight this protective factor in the Keys for Life workshop. This education workshop attended by the parent and their learner driver, models best practice as it links directly to a classroom based pre-driver education program that reinforces the benefits of extensive driving practice. It also adopts a partnership approach engaging schools, parents and the wider community. In most families, driving supervision is undertaken by a parent. Recognising the role of parents in the learning to drive process and their ability to positively influence their teenager's road use, the question to be asked is "how can we make supervised driving practice as effective as possible"? Keys for Life equips the parent with the knowledge and skills to confidently tackle teaching their teenager to drive. Planning and using a step approach to driving practice and dealing with difficult driving situations are topics covered in the workshop. Keys for Life has had an overwhelming positive response from WA school communities and data indicates an increased reach and participant confidence. This presentation will outline a model for successfully supporting parents and young drivers in the learning to drive process.


As a result of waning institutional support and charitable foundation interest, teaching and learning centers and other faculty development units may have little choice but to turn to private donors. Although faculty and staffgiving is an important part of higher education [undraising, considering faculty as potential donors for faculty development centers is uncommon. In this chapter, we provide information on faculty and staff giving, review the related literature, share findings from a new study on faculty major donors, and provide a series of recommendations, stemming from the literature and the major donor study, to inform fundraising efforts by faculty development centers.


Abstract A great deal is at stake for children who are sexually abused; not only in the here-and-now, but also the possibility of long-term blight in their future relationships and mental health. This puts a heavy responsibility on the professionals who are required to investigate, and further assess for treatment or other interventions, cases where sexual maltreatment is confirmed or suspected. The multidimensional, multicomponent elements that make up an assessment (in particular, the ASPIRE process) are described here in terms of their practical and theoretical implications. The difficulties of finding reliable and valid methods (be they interviews or psychometric instruments) for this onerous task are discussed.


Location-based service (LBS) has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Realizing accurate LBS in indoor environments is still a challenging task. WiFi fingerprinting-based indoor positioning system (IPS) has achieved encouraging results recently, but the time and labor overhead of constructing a dense WiFi radio map remains the key bottleneck that hinders it for real-world large-scale implementation. In this article, we propose WiGAN an automatic fine-grained indoor ratio map construction and the adaptation scheme empowered by the Gaussian process regression conditioned least-squares generative adversarial networks (GPR-GANs) with a mobile robot. First, we develop a mobile robotic platform that constructs the spatial map and radio map simultaneously in the easily accessed free space. GPR-GAN first establishes a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model using the real received signal strength (RSS) measurements collected by our robotic platform via LiDAR SLAM in the free space. Then, the outputs of the GPR are adopted as the input of GAN's generator. The learning objective of GAN is to synthesize realistic RSS data in a constrained space where it has not been covered and model the irregular RSS distributions in complex indoor environments. Real-world experiments were conducted in a real-world indoor environment, which confirms the feasibility, high accuracy, and superiority of WiGAN over existing solutions in terms of both RSS estimation accuracy and localization accuracy.


Humanism is treat the person of attitude,that Christianity spirit becomes after blending with ancient Greece culture.The humanism is concerned with the person,respection the person,affirming the person's present generation life,But not negative God,resist the religion,reject the spirit morals and the normal religion lifes.Translate"humanism" to "person originally doctrine" is false.The humanism within the Shakespeare drama creations expresses the variety track of "optimismdisappointment-return",but gleam the shining glory of the humanism always.


Objective To observe the hemodynamics and hemorheology changes in patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods Two hundred and seventy-two patients with HFRS confirmed by clinical and laboratorial examination were enrolled in this study. Their peak systolic velocity (Vs), end diastolic velocity (Vd) and resistance index (RI) of the renal artery were measured by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and hemorheology parameters were measured.The parameters of 210 healthy subjects (control group)were measured too, their results were compared and analyzed. Results There was no significant difference of CDFI parameters between two groups at fervescence stage (P0.05), while the whole blood viscosity, polycythaemia compress volume in HFRS group were lower than those in control group(P0.05), the Vd, Vs in HFRS group were lower and the RI was higher than that in control group at the stages of hypotensive shock and anuria(P0.05), obvious changes were also observed in hemorheology test. In diuresis stage, Vs and Vd were increased, but they are still lower than those in control group. RI was similar to that in control group. The hemorheology parameters returned to normal levels except the fibrinogen, blood sedimentation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate equation K's value. In recovery stage,all hemodynamics and hemorheology parameters returned to normal levels. Conclusion The parameters of hemodynamics and hemorheology in various stages of HFRS have certain regularity. There is specific diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound in examining hemodynamic changes, and it can reflect the state of renal blood flow.


Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are very effective for the management of acute postoperative pain. These agents can be used in combination with opioid analgesics and local anaesthetics for the relief of severe postoperative pain, when the combination results in reduced narcotic requirements and improved analgesia compared with opioids and/or local anaesthetics. NSAIDs have been shown to be effective in a wide variety of postoperative pain states, including thoracotomy, major orthopaedic surgery such as hip arthroplasty, upper and lower abdominal surgery and minor outpatient surgery


Diaper area dermatitis in elderly is usually associated with urinary incontinence, or mental disorders such as Alzheimer's, is an acute and irritant dermatitis caused by disposable diapers. Clinically presents with erythema, edema, erythematous-squamous plaques, papules and satellite lesions. Its association with Candida spp. is over 60%, been the most important Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The control of the disease is done with constant exchange of diapers, and use of emollients, in cases associated with Candida spp. the use of topical and systemic antimycotics is necessary.


We show that the optical constants of graphene in the visible range can be estimated by means of a very simple procedure involving their consistence with universal optical conductivity and experimentally measured optical spectra, within the framework of Fresnel coefficients calculation. The obtained complex refractive index allows for accurate prediction of the optical behavior of graphene in the visible range, from the two-dimensional limit (single atomically thick graphene layer) to the bulk limit (graphite). Therefore, it may result very useful for quantitative optical analysis of graphene layers and graphitic structures in general.


The volatile oil extracted from Mosla chinensis was tested for bacteriostasis and immune response.The results showed that it had broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect,and enhanced the specific and non-specific immune response.


Contents: Basics.- Between Monitor and Printer.- Encapsulated PostScript (EPS).- PostScript Fonts.- PostScript Level 2.- Gray Levels and Color.- Display PostScript.- Adobe Acrobat and PDF.- Miscellaneous.- Contents of the CD-ROM.- Ghostscript Manual.- Character Sets.


A series of fluoro-substituted tolane derivatives: (R)-1-methylheptyl 3-fluoro-4-(3-fluoro-4- n alkoxybenzoyloxy)tolane-4-carboxylates is reported. Some members of this series exhibit the phase sequence: Cr-SmC*-TGBC-TGBA-BPI-BPII-BPIII-I. The blue phases, the TGBA and TGBC phases and the SmC* phase were characterized in detail by microscopic observation, differential scanning calorimetry, helical pitch measurements, X-ray structural analysis and electro-optical study. The blue phases directly next to the TGBA phase were shown to be a new type of blue phase exhibiting smectic ordering. A commensurate TGBC phase with constant number of slabs per pitch was observed.


Physical-chemical properties of Ti are sensible to the presence of interstitial elements. In the case of thermochemical treatments plasma assisted, the influence of different active species is not still understood. In order to contribute for such knowledge, this work purposes a study of the role played by the active species atmosphere into the Ar – N2 – CH4 carbonitriding plasma. It was carried out a plasma diagnostic by OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) in the z Ar – y N2 – x CH4 plasma mixture, in which z, y and x indexes represent gas flow variable from 0 to 4 sccm (cm/min). The diagnostic presents abrupt variations of emission intensities associated to the species in determined conditions. Therefore, they were selected in order to carry out the chemical treatment and then to investigate their influences. Commercial pure Ti disks were submitted to plasma carbonitriding process using pre-established conditions from the OES measurements while some parameters such as pressure and temperature were maintained constant. The concentration profiles of interstitial elements (C and N atoms) were determined by Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) resulting in a depth profile plots. The reactions used were N(ρ,αγ)C and C(α,α)C. GIXRD (Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction) analysis was used in order to identify the presence of phases on the surface. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used in order to qualitatively study the carbon into the TiCxN1 structure. It has been verified which the density species effectively influences more the diffusion of particles into the Ti lattice and characteristics of the layer formed than the gas concentration. High intensity of N2 + (391,4 nm) and CH (387,1 nm) species promotes more diffusion of C and N. It was observed that Hα (656,3 nm) species acts like a catalyzer allowing a deeper diffusion of nitrogen and carbon into the titanium lattice. Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.


We present some methods, based on the rough set and Boolean reasoning approaches, for extracting laws from decision tables. First we discuss several procedures for decision rules synthesis from decision tables. Next we show how to apply some near‐to‐functional relations between data to data filtration. Two methods of searching for new classifiers (features) are described: searching for new classifiers in a given set of logical formulas, and searching for some functions approximating near‐to‐functional relations.


Journal of Diabetes Nursing Vol 14 No 1 2010 Approximately 650000 women give birth in England and Wales each year, with 2–5% of these pregnancies involving women with diabetes. Of these, 87.5% are pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes, 7.5% of which are in women with type 1 diabetes and the remaining 5% are in women with type 2 diabetes (NICE, 2008). Adverse outcomes, such as miscarriage and congenital anomalies, are related to poor glycaemic control before and during early pregnancy (Ray et al, 2001). There is evidence that babies of women with type 1 diabetes who attend multidisciplinary pre-pregnancy counselling show significantly fewer major congenital malformations compared with infants of non-attending mothers without diabetes (Kitzmiller et al, 1991). Women with diabetes should be made aware of the risks that diabetes confers on pregnancy, including higher rates of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, macrosomia, pre-term labour, polyhydramnios, pre-eclampsia, induction, intervention in labour, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, Caesarean section and postpartum haemorrhage (Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health [CEMACH], 2005). Women should be informed of the potential risks for the infant including hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperviscosity synedrome, congenital anomalies and stillbirth (CEMACH, 2005). Studies, comparing pregnancy outcomes of women with diabetes who received antenatal care as opposed to both pre-conceptual care and antenatal care, found that HbA 1c levels, as a retrospective marker of glycaemic control and spontaneous miscarriage rate, were lower in those who received both pre-conceptual care and antenatal care (Rosenn et al, 1991).


In view of the relatively low mean velocities which give optimum efficiency for pipelines transporting granular solids, it is important to study the conditions for which stationary deposits occur in pipes. The limit of deposition is the slip point, at which the force driving the bed exceeds the coefficient of friction times the total normal force exerted by the bed grains against the pipe wall. Although the state of intergranular stress in the deposit is generally indeterminate, it is shown that near the slip point it is a reasonable assumption that the granular pressure at the periphery of the bed follows a hydrostatic distribution. Experimental verification of this assumption was obtained from two types of tests, one involving flow conditions in a recirculating system and the other the slipping of deposits in a tilting pipe. The relationship derived for the hydrostatic distribution of granular pressure shows that the pressure gradient at the slip point is directly proportional to the underwater weight per unit volume of bed, and increases with the angle subtended by the deposit.


During an investigation of the toxicity of influenza virus in rabbits, it was noted that the intravenous injection of infected chorio-allantoic fluid was followed by fever. To study this phenomenon, animals were placed in individual stalls, 3 preliminary rectal temperatures were taken at 30-minute intervals to establish a baseline, and the virus preparation to be tested was then injected into the marginal ear-vein. Rectal temperatures were recorded every 30 minutes throughout an observation period of 6 hours after injection. All glassware and saline solutions used were uncontaminated with bacterial pyrogens. A single pool of chorio-allantoic fluid from embryos infected with the PR-8 strain, having a hemagglutinin titer of 1:1024, 1 was used. One ml of this material consistently caused a rise in temperature beginning l 1/2 to 2 hours after injection, reaching a peak of 3-4°F above the baseline in the next 4 hours, and gradually falling to normal. Although doses as small as 0.025 ml produced fever, the increases in temperature were of a lower order. Normal chorio-allantoic fluid and infected fluid from which the virus particles had been removed by centrifugation at 30,000 R.P.M. or by adsorption on chicken erythrocytes gave no fever. The virus resuspended in normal saline solution produced typical temperature elevations. No fever followed the injection of PR-8 virus neutralized with homologous immune serum. The febrile response in rabbits is independent of the infectivity of the virus but seems to be related to its adsorptive capacity. Heating at 56°C for 30 minutes destroyed the infectivity of PR-8 for chick embryos but a portion of the hemagglutinin was retained (1024 to 128); this material produced definite fever in rabbits. Heating at 62°C for 30 minutes destroyed the hemagglutinin titer and these preparations were then non-pyrogenic.


Measurement of vertical jumping evaluates anaerobic power and has been a good predictor of performance in volleyball (Sawyer, at al., 2002). Vertical jump performance has been shown to be related to other performance factors such as speed, agility, and power (Barnes, at al., 2007). The correlation between a new Agility K-test (Cabell, at al., 2014) needed to be tested with an established vertical test. PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between running jump reach test and the Agility K-test. METHODS: Young male competitive volleyball players (n = 273, age 16.63 ± 1.51 years, height 185.53 ± 8.09 cm, mass 72.72 ± 8.41 kg) volunteered in the study. The subject stood about 5 meters from the base of the Vertec apparatus, and took 3 steps before leaping off both feet as high as possible, using the arms and legs to assist in projecting the body upwards. The subject attempted to take off at a point so that at the peak of the jump he was directly under the Vertec apparatus with his arm fully extended. The Agility K-test consisted of the subjects running at an indoor gym on hard wooden flooring between cones positioned in a "K" pattern at maximum speed. A contact switch for time measurement was placed on the top of each cone which subjects touched with the right or left hand. Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to correlate two dependent variables at alpha = .05. RESULTS: The young athletes achieved a time of 15.93 ± 0.48 s in the Agility K-test, and difference = reach height = 126.67 ± 10.24 cm. A significant Pearson correlation coefficient for the difference and time was -.22 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results indicated a negative significant correlation between Agility K-test and running jump reach test with young-aged volleyball players. Other physiological factors relating to this correlation might include muscular strength, flexibility, and speed of the athletes. The nature of anaerobic power and agility is based on fast and explosive movements and varies in the studied age of the athletes.


Education in medicine now calls for a coordinated perspective which includes all three phases in the continuum of training of doctors: basic medical education; next, postgraduate training (ie specialist training); and, third, continuing medical education, the maintenance of competence of experienced doctors in their workplace. The insistence on maintaining a coherent overview of the whole continuum of training has gained increasing emphasis currently, as the third phase continuing medical education (CME)is given greater attention. In an important sense, all preceding training of a doctor is preparation for CME. The claim has been made in recent years, and repeated at the Consultation of the European Office of the World Health Organization in Venice in December last year I , that CME is the most important part of health professions training. If this position is accepted, the CME system and provisions for it should guide and determine both the preceding stages of basic medical education and the intermediate stage of specialist training. The World Federation for Medical Education has promoted this emphasis by co-sponsoring three successive international conferences on Continuing Medical Education, all held at the Annenberg Center in Palm Springs, California", the third in December 1989.


Aim: Mobile phone interventions have been used as a widespread and effective means of blood pressure control in recent years. This systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of mobile phone-based interventions on blood pressure in stroke patients. Method: In this systematic review, the literature search was conducted between November 1 and November 10, 2022, in the databases "Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library," without any year limitation. Studies with inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PICOS method were included in the review. Results: A total of 3086 patients who have had a stroke with a sample size ranging from 50–660, and 13 randomized controlled trials meeting the criteria for inclusion in the review were included. In seven studies included in the review, it was found that mobile phone-based intervention reduces blood pressure, while in six studies, it did not have an effect. Conclusion: The current studies are insufficient to explain the effect of mobile phone-based interventions on blood pressure control in stroke patients. It is recommended to conduct more randomized controlled trials with a high methodological quality that examine the effect of mobile phone-based interventions on blood pressure in patients who have had a stroke.


The report includes a taxonomic system for classifying plant succession in the Douglas-fir/Pinegrass habitat type in central Idaho. A total of 10 potential tree layer types, 32 shrub layer types, and 60 herbaceous layer types are categorized. Diagnostic keys based on indicator species provide for field identification of the types. The discussion of management implications includes pocket gopher populations, success of planted and natural tree seedlings, big-game and livestock forage preferences, and responses of major shrub and herb layer species to disturbance.


A fatal diffuse granulomatous pneumonia and focal necrotizing hepatitis were found at necropsy of three 6-month old caimans. Centers of the widely disseminated, discrete lesions in the lungs had a branching fungus with septate hyphae, chlamydospores, and elliptical and cigar-shaped conidia. On culture the fungal organism was identified as Cephalosporium sp. Characteristics of the genus are discussed.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have revolutionized scientific research in multiple fields. Drones provide us multiple advantages over conventional geological mapping or high-altitude remote sensing methods, in which they allow us to acquire data more rapidly of inaccessible or risky outcrops, and can connect the spatial scale gap in mapping between manual field techniques and airborne, high-altitude remote sensing methods. Despite the decreased cost and technological developments of platforms, sensors and software, the use of drones for geological mapping in Mongolia has not yet been utilized. In this study, we present using of drone in two areas: the Chandman area in which eclogite is exposed and the Naran massif of the Khantaishir ophiolite in the Altai area. Drone yields images with high resolution that is reliable to use and reveals that it is possible to make better formulation of geological mapping. Our suggestion is that (1) Mongolian geoscientists are encouraged to add drones to their geologic toolboxes and (2) drone could open new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia in which geological map will be created in more effective and more detailed way combined with conventional geological survey on ground.


This work relates to the structural act theory. The structural theory includes the description of acts over certain classes of monoids or having certain properties, for example, satisfying some requirement for the congruence lattice. The congruences of universal algebra is the same as the kernels of homomorphisms from this algebra into other algebras. Knowledge of all congruences implies the knowledge of all the homomorphic images of the algebra. A left $S$–act over monoid $S$ is a set $A$ upon which $S$ acts unitarily on the left. In this paper, we consider $S$–acts over linearly ordered and over well-ordered monoids, where a linearly ordered monoid $S$ is a linearly ordered set with a minimal element and with a binary operation $ \ max$, with respect to which $S$ is obviously a commutative monoid; a well-ordered monoid $S$ is a well-ordered set with a binary operation $ \ max$, with respect to which $S$ is also a commutative monoid. The paper is a continuation of the work of the author in co-authorship with M.S. Kazak, which describes $S$–acts over linearly ordered monoids with a linearly ordered congruence lattice and $S$-acts over a well-ordered monoid with distributive congruence lattice. In this article, we give the description of S-acts over a well-ordered monoid such that the corresponding congruence lattice is modular.


Fluorine-18 labelled haloperidol (18F-HP) was synthesized by a fluorine-fluorine exchange reaction on haloperidol, fluorine-chlorine exchange on a chloro-analog of haloperidol, and from 18F-labelled p-fluorobenzonitrile prepared by two different exchange reactions. Nucleophilic fluorine was used in the form of tetra n-butylammonium fluoride. The overall radiochemical yield, expressed at the end of syntheses was 5% for exchange in haloperidol and about 2%-3% for exchange in chloroanalog in a 40 min synthesis (from the end of the irradiation). Specific activity up to 1 Ci/mmol for haloperidol and up to 5000 Ci/mmol for chloro-analog as substrates were obtained. The syntheses using p-substituted chloro-and nitro-benzonitriles as starting materials for the exchange reaction gave a product with an average specific activity of about 2000 Ci/mmol and in general an overall radiochemical yield of 5%–10%. Purification of [18F]haloperidol was done by HPLC on a C-18 column. The radiochemical purity as assessed by thin layer radiochromatography (TLRC) of the final product was at least 95%, with high chemical purity.


The right to separate is a right of personality unique to the conjoined twins.For the conjoined twins such a right is a necessity to sustain their autonomous and independent existence as well as a prerequisite for their enjoyment of complete freedom.Generally speaking,the separation right of the conjoined twins is characterized by such legal attributes as co-ownership,inter-dependence and limited accessibility.To exercise the separation right should therefore abide by some important principles,including "non-infringement of the life of the other part","sacrificial separation under justice and legitimacy","maximum interests for the filial",and finally,the "final decision of the court".


Introduction: Hands-on learning allows students to understand science concepts by directly observing and experiencing the things they are studying. With the advent of classroom technology, students can enhance their hands-on education through the use of computers. The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) is creating a series of instructional rock kits and related informational materials that is being introduced to elementary and middle school science teachers in Tucson, Arizona, through our professional development workshops [1, 2]. PSI will then provide teachers with supporting material and training so that they can use these kits as tools for students' hands-on learning in the classroom. Use of these instructional kits provides an important experience with natural materials that is essential to instruction in the Earth and Space Science standards. With a stronger knowledge of science content and of how science is actually conducted, the workshops and instructional rock kits instill greater confidence in teachers' ability to teach Earth and Space Science content. Instructional Rock Kits: We have developed two instructional rock kits and related informational materials that are used for a variety of hands-on activities in our professional development workshops and in classrooms. The kits are available for checkout by teachers desiring to involve their students more deeply in the study of impact craters and meteorites. Hands-on experiences with actual samples provide students with an understanding of the formation and properties of impact rocks and meteorites as well as practice in the same skills scientists follow in their study of the rocks. Impact Rock Kit: The Impact Rock Kit consists of hand samples of impact rocks gathered at the Haughton (Nunavut, Canada) and Ries (Germany) impact craters during field geologists' exploration of the craters. This rock kit is fully integrated with "The Explorer's Guide to Impact Craters" website [3, 4] hosted by PSI (www.psi.edu/explorecraters/) which includes virtual tours of Meteor Crater, Haughton Crater and Ries Crater, and indicates sample collection sites. Possible applications in the classroom of the Impact Rock Kits combined with the website are provided to teachers through the Impact Cratering professional development workshop. Each kit contains 10 samples of impactaltered or impact-generated rocks. The accompanying explanation sheet describes where within (or outside) an impact crater these samples are found, the impact process(es) that led to their formation, where on the Earth the samples were collected, and their approximate ages. Teachers will give us feedback on both the training session and their experience in using the kits in their classrooms; this feedback will help us refine the materials and the check-out process. The rock kits are also available for loan to museums and other informal educational settings. To date, in addition to the teacher training programs at PSI and other sites, use in middle school classes in Tucson, and use in undergraduate courses, the kits recently have been sent to Morgan State University (Baltimore, MD) for a Geo-Space Science camp for high school students. Meteorite Rock Kits: The Meteorite Rock Kit was initially developed to provide hands-on experience for students as a component of The Explorer's Guide to Impact Craters project. However, the kits have now become the focal point for the new Asteroid-Meteorite Connection professional development workshop as an integral part of the hands-on experience for the participating teachers. These kits contain a representative selection of differentiated and undifferentiated meteorites, including samples from Vesta and Hebe. These kits also include a small selection of "meteorwrongs." As a part of the Asteroid-Meteorite Connection workshop, we have designed three activities involving the use of the Meteorite Rock Kit:


In this article we consider the stochastic heat equation in [0, T ]× Rd, driven by a sequence (β)k of i.i.d. fractional Brownian motions of index H > 1/2 and random multiplication functions (g)k. The stochastic integrals are of Hitsuda-Skorohod type and the solution is interpreted in the weak sense. Using Malliavin calculus techniques, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution in a certain space of random processes. Our result is similar to the one obtained in [18] for the stochastic heat equation driven by a sequence (w)k of i.i.d. Brownian motions, in which case the stochastic integrals are interpreted in the Ito sense.


33 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: D0441032414/2014©BEIESP  Abstract: A brief study on the suitability of silica fumes, powdered ceramic tiles and crushed animal bones as partial replacement for cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively in concrete work has been carried out. Experimental study has been conducted for approximately 10 % of the silica fumes in replacement for cement, 20 % of the powdered ceramic waste powder in replacement for fine aggregate and 50 % of the crushed animal bones in replacement for coarse aggregate separately and in a single sample. Compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength has been conducted for each sample. Results were quite satisfactory with no compromise in strength requirements for M20 grade concrete. Hence comparative study has been done between normal concrete and new concrete mix.


In two previous epidemics I have isolated a streptococcus from infection atria in cases of epidemic hiccough which produced spasms of the diaphragm and other muscles in animals. This property was readily lost on ordinary aerobic cultivation, but by rapid transfer (four to eight times in twenty-four hours). In partial tension cultures, its specific infecting power was maintained through as many as fifty culture generations. Moreover, when the living streptococcus incited spasms of the diaphragm, the washed dead bacteria and filtrate of the actively growing culture also produced this phenomenon. This streptococcus had the power of producing a poison which caused lesions in the cervical cord or in the roots of the phrenic nerve, and provoked spasms of the diaphragm. In a recent outbreak of another epidemic, I have again isolated this streptococcus. The symptoms in the present epidemic are less severe, more irregular and of shorter duration than those of the two previous epidemics studied. The duration of hiccough in the six cases studied ranged from two to eight days. In five of the six there was an associated infection of the throat, of varying severity. Moderate nasopharyngitis or tonsilitis was found in all. Cultures on blood agar plates of nasopharyngeal swabbings and of pus expressed from tonsils showed an unusually large number of green-producing streptococci, often in almost pure culture. Precipitin tests with nasopharyngeal washings and my poliomyelitis and encephalitis serums were positive in three and negative in three of the cases. Of the thirty-two animals injected intracerebrally with material from infection atria or partial tension cultures thereof, fifteen were seen to have spasms of the diaphragm; thirteen, of the abdominal muscles, and twenty-three, of other muscles. A total of twenty-eight had spasms of the diaphragm or of other muscles.


Abstract This paper is a journey into a relatively uncharted clinical landscape. The terrain in question is located at the intersection of three factors: early and cumulative trauma (where it exists), societal and familial stigma and oppression (an inescapable reality), and the normal developmental process of coming out as a bisexual female. In the bisexual or lesbian client, moreover, the clinical aftermath of early trauma resonates with and is exacerbated by the painful impingement of societal and familial stigma and oppression encountered in childhood and throughout all adult life. Consequently, the coming out process, even in the best case, will be radically affected by both factors. In the worst case, the coming out process will be derailed completely, leading to the foreclosure of the possibility of a fluid bisexual or lesbian identity. This paper offers a client snapshot with sufficient biographical and diagnostic detail in order to provide a context for discussion of two pieces of psychotherapeuti...


Indonesia is an archipelago country with a scattered demand gas-fired power plant. Natural gas has potential to transform the role of energy in the domestic landscape, especially Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). It could be the regulatory driver to apply the cleanest fossil-fuel energy. As a complement of renewable energy, LNG is still promising in the near future. It still provides sustainable and reliable energy. This opportunity triggers policy in technology to develop Small-Scale LNG (SSLNG) Facilities due to the particular condition of Indonesia. Besides technical issues, cost competitiveness has become the greatest challenge due to less the advantage of the economies of scale compared to conventional LNG. The collaborative works among governments, research bodies, the state-owned company, and the private sector are key points to realize the grand design of LNG infrastructure in Indonesia. The policies shall accommodate several sectors to stimulate the development of technology, feasible business schemes, and capacity building. Since the SSLNG supply chain is more complicated than conventional LNG projects and also involves more stakeholders, government leadership becomes more important. Identified considerations are also proposed as a result of opportunity and challenge mapping.


student details: name:T.kavitaha rollno: 09a01d4302 nova college of engg& technology vegavaram, jangareddigudem, westgodavari, andhrapradesh phno:09440182883 email:firstname.lastname@example.com 1. Abstract. The abundant use of Non-linear loads in distribution system leads to power quality issues, The proliferation of microelectronics processors in a wide range of equipments, from home VCRs and digital clocks to automated industrial assembly lines and hospital diagnostics systems, has increased the vulnerability of such equipment to power quality problems. These problems include a variety of electrical disturbances, which may originate in several ways and have different effects on various kinds of sensitive loads. What were once considered minor variations in power, usually unnoticed in the operation of conventional equipment.


Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has significantly increased the level of interest in the problems
of cultural and national identity in our country. Teachers face an important task of developing and implementing
in school deeply thought-out creative approaches based on the latest methodologies and technologies in order
to form the cultural and national identity of young people as a prerequisite for their cultural competence.
The normative documents of the New Ukrainian School refer to the formation of cultural- national and civic
competence of students for successful functioning in a democratic society and specify the essence of these
concepts. In the conditions of democratization and humanization of education literature as a subject should
significantly influence the process of forming civic culture and national awareness of the individual and promote
active learning in school «those moral norms that have been developed by mankind over centuries»
The future of the Ukrainian state largely depends on the established Ukrainian cultural and national identity.
The loss of it poses serious problems related to deep alienation in society, a sense of disintegration, instability
of human existence and even poses a threat to national security.
The concept of forming a cultural and national identity for the needs of the present and the New Ukrainian
School may be naturally developed on the foundations laid by our predecessors. Their works are an important
contribution to the development of the content of education and to the scientific substantiation of the process
of national education of students in an independent state. Today is the time to return to their theoretical
achievements and successfully develop the cultural and national identity of students in a country that so
heroically fights for the right to exist. Nowadays, the formation of Ukrainian inhabitants' cultural and national
identity is unfinished and still going on. A well-balanced course of Ukrainian and foreign literature at school and
the use of active forms of education will help to speed up this process.
The paper highlights the immanent characteristics of cultural and national identity and the main ways of its
formation in literature lessons and formulates the most important, according to the author, methodological
recommendations for optimizing the educational process on the issues under consideration. The prospect
of further research is seen in the study of various deviations of cultural and national identity, their causes and
ways to overcome them in order to eliminate the negative impact on the youth of certain environments and
dubious media.


Electroencephalogram (EEG) data is used for a variety of purposes, including brain-computer interfaces, disease diagnosis, and determining cognitive states. Yet EEG signals are susceptible to noise from many sources, such as muscle and eye movements, and motion of electrodes and cables. Traditional approaches to this problem involve supervised training to identify signal components corresponding to noise so that they can be removed. However these approaches are artifact specific. In this paper, we present a novel software-hardware system that uses a weak supervisory signal to indicate that some noise is occurring, but not what the source of the noise is or how it is manifested in the EEG signal. The EEG data is decomposed into independent components using ICA, and these components form bags that are labeled and classified by a multi-instance learning algorithm that can identify the noise components for removal to reconstruct a clean EEG signal. We also performed extensive hyperparameter optimization for the model with the goal of improving accuracy without increasing execution time. This resulted the execution time to be reduced from 282 s to 8.8 s when running the model on an embedded ARM CPU processor at 1.6 GHz clock frequency. In this paper, we present the overall system which includes ICA, SAX and MIL, along with preliminary results for software and hardware implementation when using real EEG data from 64 electrodes. The proposed system consumes 909 mW power during processing above a baseline of 2.32 W idle, while achieving 91.2% artifact identification accuracy.


A full-wave parallel simulation of a complete IC package is performed. The simulation is based on a specialized domain decomposition method which allows for highly balanced parallel computations. Preliminary results including signal wave forms and delay times are given


Well calibrated instrumentation is essential in providing meaningful information about the status of a plant. Signals from plant instrumentation frequently have inherent non-linearities, may be affected by environmental conditions and can therefore cause calibration difficulties for the people who maintain them. Two neural network approaches are described in this paper for improving the accuracy of a non-linear, temperature sensitive level probe ised in Expermental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) that was difficult to calibrate.


The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of forming the professional readiness of the future social worker to work in alternative forms of state custody of children. Different approaches of scientists to determine the nature and structure of professional readiness are analyzed. It is noted that the professional readiness of the future social worker to work in alternative forms of child custody is an important integrative quality and stable personal characteristics of the future specialist, which is manifested in his ability to carry out effective professional activities in alternative forms of child custody and is the result of his training. The specified type of activity in the institution of higher education. The types are determined, the structure is clarified and the components, criteria and indicators of professional readiness of the future social worker to work in alternative forms of state custody of children are characterized.

Key words: social sphere, future specialist, professional activity, readiness, readiness structure, components, criteria, indicators.


ABSTRACT This study embarks on the question in the title with the construct of epistemological status, which pertains to the solver's satisfaction with the way and the degree to which their solution had fulfilled their intellectual and psychological needs in a particular problem situation. The construct is used to hypothesize that a solver's decision to check the solution and the act of checking itself may be shaped by the epistemological status of a developed solution. Driven by the abduction methodology, this hypothesis is supported by two empirical illustrations. The first one comes from the final exam in a large first-year course for non-mathematics majors, where many students accompanied their solutions of a low epistemological status by written checks of final answers as a way to elevate it. No such checks were found in solutions with high epistemological status. The second illustration revisits some previously reported findings to propose that an application of conventional problem-solving methods may not be sufficient for students to endow their solutions with high epistemological status.


The Simplified Simple Biosphere model(SSiB) has been validated in this paper based on the observation data for land-surface interaction in "Dunhuang Experiment" during May 26 to June 15,2000 over a Gobi desert site in northwest of China.The simulation results show that SSiB is generally able to simulate the energy fluxes and soil-surface temperature.The model appears to reflect the measured results with sufficient consistency,which can be used as a tool to study land cover change on the region.The sensitivity tests show that the model is sensitive to some vegetation parameters.It should be noted that some vegetation parameters must be observed correctly and defined exactly,and it is one of the most important works to improve the veracity of some parameters in the model.


As China joins WTO, more and more multinational enterprises (MNE) get into China's market. They carry out local strategies such as RD, raw material stocking, man power management, distribution channel, and sales promotion, etc, which makes them in harmony with China's economy in all sides, and gets tremendous benefits. Faced with increasing acute national competition, China's companies get into global market one after another, and take good part in the international competition. The successful experiences of the local operation of MNE have a good inspiration to the international course of China's companies.


The situation when the metal structure is subjected to the simultaneous impact of two or more sources of simple stress is common in mechanical engineering, aviation and civil engineering. The fatigue life of the material by the impact of Biharmonic loading is 1.5‒4 times lower than in single-frequency operation loading. Unlike the single-frequency loading under Biharmonic loading degradation of the material is accelerated because of the intensification of the process of fatigue damage accumulation. Description of the process of damage accumulation of fatigue in the material under biharmonic loading is closer to the real situation. The aim of the workis ‒ to create an effective setting for testing of ferromagnetic samples for fatigue and durability. To achieve the objectives small-sized laboratory facility for testing ferromagnetic sample flexural fatigue developed and produced. Studies have been conducted using the method of magnetic Barkhausen effect. The article describes the design and its basic characteristics, as well as the basic technical characteristics the sample. The principle of operation is based on the bi-harmonic load acting on both ends of the sample. The device use two electric motors with two special agents of power, based on the use of rolling bearings. Installation and testing of samples by the method of independent regulation of dual-frequency cyclic loading allows to simulate the condition of the test sample in the approximation to the real working conditions. This allows a detailed investigation of fracture toughness of the material, the stages of fatigue crack propagation and identify new patterns of development of fatigue. Unlike analog unit has small dimensions and weight (the length of the sample does not exceed 20 cm, width – 13 cm, height – 25 cm, weight of the unit is 12 kg). Use of the setting can improve performance and reliability of tests in two times.


The purpose of this study was to find out how the teacher's activities in applying the Truth or Dare Questions technique to learning the Human-Environmental Interaction material, to find out how the Teacher's Activity in applying the Truth or Dare Questions technique to learning the Human-Environmental Interaction material, and to find out how to apply the technique. Truth or Dare Questions to increase intrinsic motivation in learning the material on Human-Environmental Interaction in Grade 5 students of SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya. The research was conducted with a two-cycle action mechanism. And based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that most students have grown and developed their motivation, which is 75%. This is evidenced by the great enthusiasm of students towards the teaching and learning process that takes place from the beginning to the end of the activity. This pattern of behavior marks an increase in students' intrinsic motivation to study the Human-Environmental Interaction material with the application of the Truth or Dare Questions technique which focuses on students' independence in finding answers to the problems posed by the questions, and on the existence of the teacher as a facilitator in the classroom. The stages of activities carried out by students during the teaching and learning process have a positive impact on increasing students' intrinsic motivation. This is indicated by the increasing percentage of intrinsic motivation classically from Pre Cycle (52%) Cycle I (64%) to Cycle II (75%). The existence of a hypothesis about the effectiveness of the application of the Truth or Dare Questions technique on increasing students' intrinsic motivation to study the material on Human Interaction with the Environment Class 5 SD Negeri Kendangsari I/276 Surabaya is indirectly proven in this study.


Objective: To study systemic lupus erythematosus in a Brazilian population using the American College of Rheumatology hematological classification criteria and report associations of the disease with serological and clinical profiles. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 460 systemic lupus erythematosus patients followed in a single rheumatologic center during the last 10 years. Hematological manifestations considered for this study were hemolysis, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Results: The cumulative prevalences of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and hemolytic anemia were 29.8%, 21.08%, 17.7% and 8.4%, respectively. A higher percentage of patients with hemolysis had anticardiolipin IgM (p-value = 0.002). Those with leukopenia had more lymphopenia (p-value = 0.02), psychosis (p-value = 0.01), thrombocytopenia (p-value <0.0001) and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (p-value = 0.03). Patients with lymphopenia had more leukopenia (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.01–3.29) and lupus anticoagulant antibodies (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.16–4.39) and those with thrombocytopenia had more leukopenia (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.82–5.44) and antiphospholipid syndrome (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.28–7.87). Conclusion: The most common hematological finding was leukopenia and the least common was hemolysis. Associations of low platelet count and hemolysis were found with antiphospholipid syndrome and anticardiolipin IgM positivity, respectively. Leukopenia and lymphocytopenia are correlated and leukopenia is more common in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with psychosis, thrombocytopenia and anti-double stranded DNA. o Bra © 2015 Associaçã ∗ Corresponding author at: Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitá igorrilho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (T. Skare). ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.01.006 516-8484/© 2015 Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia eserved. sileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. rio Evangélico de Curitiba, Rua Augusto Stellfeld, 1908, 80730-150 e Terapia Celular. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights oter. Document downloaded from http://rbhh.elsevier.es/, day 30/06/2017. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited. 116 rev bras hematol hem


Abstract. Sari CP, Santosa SHMB, Marsono D. 2021. A portrait of the ecological clusters in the urban fringe area of Surakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 670-679. The population growth in Surakarta has led to agglomeration. To fulfill human needs, Surakarta has seen some major land-use changes across decades. The availability of natural resources and ecosystem services is very important for the sustainability of life. Biodiversity index-based area management is one of the best ways. Cluster methods will facilitate the planning, implementation and subsequent management of an area. This study divides the urban fringe of Surakarta into 48 ecological units. The biotic analysis of biodiversity index calculations is used to assess all ecological units. The value of the biodiversity indices is the basis for forming clusters. From the statistical analysis, 5 clusters were formed based on the level of similarity. The majority of the clusters were located in Karanganyar District. Cluster 3 was the cluster with the most members and the most value of the index of biodiversity. Cluster 2 had only 2 clusters. The range of biodiversity index in each cluster was not much different. The richness of the species in each cluster was in the medium-high range (tree level 0.945-4.500, saplings 0.908-4.889 and seedlings 0.638-4.440). The diversity of the species was at a moderate level with the tree level diversity index value of 2.044-2.290, saplings 1.610-2.294, seedlings 1.557-2.291 and was at a moderate level with the tree level index evenness value of 0.735-1.421, saplings 0.641-1.412, seedlings 0.730-1.645. In each cluster, the condition of the biodiversity was quite good and able to support the function and services of the ecosystem of urban areas and urban fringes. There was no dominance of plants, and the types were still diverse for the ecosystem stability. The development of Surakarta was faster in the south and the north. Biodiversity in eastern Surakarta was found to be more effective in supporting the ecosystem services of Surakarta City.


The study aims to assess the farm households' perception towards Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services (EAS) during the pandemic and identify the socio-economic factors influencing the perception of smallholder households in selected rural areas of Tamil Nadu. For the purpose of the research, 270 rural households belonging to farm families were selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method. The perception towards EAS effectiveness was assessed based on parameters such as communication, technological interventions and mobilizing farmers. The results revealed that information about government schemes was perceived to be the more effective intervention of EAS with a mean rank of 2.29 followed by online training activities (Mean rank of 2.16). Socio-economic characteristics such as education, livestock holding, landholding and income of the households were the significant factors that influenced perception. The results also revealed that 64% of households perceived Extension and Agricultural Services as moderately effective during COVID-19. The results could be improved further by adopting specific interventions such as public-private partnerships, nutrition-oriented extension activities such as promoting nutritive gardens, the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and promoting gender equality for improving food security of the farm households. Future studies can be done on the impact of the pandemic on pluralistic agricultural systems.


Novel design of circularly polarized Circular Sectoral Microstrip antenna using cross slot is proposed. To obtain circular polarization systematic study is carried out. This study aimed at degeneration of orthogonal modes using cross slot for circular CS-MSA Microstrip antenna. The parametric study is reported for impedance and axial ratio bandwidth for various cross slot dimensions. Embedding the cross slot on the circular CS-MSA generates two orthogonal mode; one is along radial direction and other along circumference. The length and position of cross slot for desired circular CS-MSA radius decides separation between two resonance frequency corresponding orthogonal modes. The reported structure gives impedance band of almost 600 MHz (> 54%) and axial ratio bandwidth (7.69%) around 1100 MHz. The proposed antenna gives broadside gain 8 dBi. Also the paper elaborate technique to change sense of rotation for circular polarization of proposed structure.


The process of modernization involves changes in values as well as political and economic changes. One aspect of this change is the shift from a "prescriptive" to a "principal" type of value system, wich also seems to involve a differentiation of religion and ideology. In Turkey and Japan this transition was begun by religio-political movements, which challenged the traditional value system but were themselves in turn responsible for new problems.


The effects of wastewater irrigation on hydraulic properties of a highly permeable, volcanic-ash soil are presented. Ponded infiltration rate, water content, and drainage were measured by the instantaneous profile technique in a 5-m{sup 3}, 2.3 m deep isolated soil monolith. This was done both before and after 32 mo of irrigation with secondary-treated wastewater. Irrigation then continued for a further 4 mo. After 8 mo of no irrigation, a third set of measurements was made. Ponded infiltration rate decreased by 50% from 8.3 x 10{sup -5} to 4.1 x 10{sup -5} m s{sup -1} after 32 mo of wastewater irrigation. A further decrease to 1.7 x 10{sup -5} m s{sup -1} was found 1 yr later. Three years of wastewater irrigation resulted in a 25-mm decrease in the amount of water stored by the soil to a depth of 2.3 m after 20 d of drainage. This decrease was mainly at depths less than 1 m and may be due to restricted wetting of the soil. An identical decrease was found in the amount of water that drained from the soil during these 20 d. However, the water content at depth 0.1 m after 20 d of drainage was increased more » by 0.1 m{sup 3} m{sup -3}. This increase in water content and the concomitant decrease in infiltration rate appear to be caused by clogging of soil pores. 22 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs. « less


The invention provides a video switching method based on a touch technology, which comprises the following steps that: a user carries out at least one path of one-way touch operation; a touch signal catching module catches the touch operation to generate a touch signal; a touch signal integration module integrates the touch signal, and outputs an initial track signal; a touch signal processing module filters the initial track signal, so that the initial track signal forms a track signal which is trend to be smooth; a touch signal filtering module carries out sequent sampling according to equitime intervals, so that signal set values which can be identified by an application layer can be generated; a response touch module generates shift information through corresponding signal set values of two adjacent time points; a video switching module acquires one or more than one video thumbnail pictures and video information according to the shift information; and a video display module renders pictures on a display screen in real time until the signal set value processing generated by a user touch operation is over. The method disclosed by the invention can response the touch operation of the user to realize the switching of videos, so that the operation experience of the user is improved.


The article is devoted to the release of problems and proposed actions to improve the efficiency of the municipal electric companies. While indicating that the rhythmic and smooth operation of passenger electric occupies in the spectrum of life issues of contemporary big city an important place. The article pointed out the legal framework of urban electric transport in Ukraine. For example, transportation services are provided in compliance with requirements such as: consistency (reliability) of traffic on the routes (lines) account in determining the number of passenger rolling stock; establishing speed routes (lines) in compliance with the technical condition of the rolling stock; transportation safety. The article also noted that the management of municipal electric companies has its own peculiarities and differences from the private sector: low profitability; government regulation of pricing; the need for state support; small opportunities and onerous conditions on borrowing. Slow adaptation to market conditions of work and the resulting difficult financial and economic situation of the main problems is called municipal electric companies. The basic factors of low efficiency of the municipal electric companies: unequal conditions of competition in the urban passenger transportation, lobbying stakeholders interests of private carriers; partial compensation for the cost of providing services at subsidized passenger transportation from the state, the uneven subventions for the year; mismatch fares on its cost, the City Council unrecovered difference between economic and tariff setting; critical physical deterioration of the park trams and trolleybuses; the decline in the provision of transport services in the context of stable growth of fixed costs, such as administration costs. The efficiency of the provision of transport, efficiency of passenger security, the efficiency of toll collection, the effectiveness of operational work, the effectiveness of the use of labor resources and the effectiveness of financial and economic activity. Given rating performance indicators of financial and operational activities of municipal electric companies.


Economic health not wealth should be the decisive criterion when considering the prospects of the Central and East European (CEE) candidates for EU membership and the capacity of the EU to enlarge. Viewed this way the outlook is promising. The CEE countries are still very poor, compared to most of the existing EU members, but they are also much more dynamic. Growth rates are generally expected to remain around 4-5 per cent in CEE for the foreseeable future, compared to about 2-3 per cent for the EU. This still implies that full catch-up in terms of GDP per capita will take decades, rather than years, but full catch-up is not the relevant criterion if one is concerned about enlargement. Experience in the EU has shown that problems are much more likely to arise from established rich member countries with stagnant economies (Belgium in the 1980s and Germany today) than poor, but more dynamic states (such as Portugal and Ireland today). The fact that most of the so-called 'periphery' is now growing more strongly than the 'core' confirms that EU integration benefits poorer countries even more.


To understand the distribution patterns of avian diversity of Xiangguqing area in Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan province,a field survey was conducted along several transects from July,2013 to February 2014. A total of 139 species of birds were recorded,which belonged to 9 orders and 36 families. Among all,2 species were the class Ⅰnational key protected birds and 9 were class Ⅱ national key protected birds. There were significant differences in bird composition among different habitats: 69 species in Yunnan pine forest,78 in evergreen broad-leaved forest,123 in mixed broadleaf and conifer forest,45 in cold temperate coniferous forest and 24 in alpine bush and meadow. High bird diversity index was observed in Yunnan pine forest( 3. 762),evergreen broad-leaved forest( 3. 777) and mixed broadleaf and conifer forest( 3. 786),and these areas were at low and middle elevations. However,low bird diversity index was observed in alpine bush and meadow( 2. 871) with high elevation. Additionally,under the area of mixed broadleaf and conifer forest,the proportion of Oriental birds was increased and that of the Palearctic and widespread species was decreased along with the rising altitude. Above the cold-warm coniferous forest region,the percentage of the Palearctic birds was increased,whereas the proportions of Oriental and widespread species were decreased with the rising altitude. A hump-shaped distribution of avian diversity was found along the elevational gradient in Xiangguqing.


Slicing technique merges as a method of simplifying a program by extracting a subset which is relevant to a specified behavior.A wide variety of applications of program slicing have been proposed in the software engineering filed during the past two decade years.Especially,slicing technique is gaining increasing importance in engineering and academic research filed with the emergence of non-classical slicing techniques:computation slicing and proof slicing which are inspired by classical program slicing.In this paper,we briefly introduce the development history and the basic idea of slicing technology.And we emphatically introduce computation slicing and proof slicing and their application in formal verification.


In this paper, the analysis methods, which used to descript the winter wheat growing features, have been found of satellite remote sensing coupled with the data of LAI, dry matter weight, etc. the results showed that the revised rate of remote sensing to in-situ observation is different in different developmental stages of winter wheat. Mainly manifested in the following aspects (1) In the early stage of growth and development of winter wheat (in March), the leaf area index LAI of winter wheat is small, due to the impact of soil background, the winter wheat NDVI which retrieved from MODIS data (leaf area index LAI can be calculated from NDVI) are vary greatly from in-situ observations, the revised coefficient is relatively large. (2) In the rapid vegetative growth stage (April), the ground was completely covered by winter wheat, the influence of soil background decreased, and LAI which retrieved from remote sensing closing to the data in-situ observation accordingly and the revised coefficient is smaller than in the early stage of winter wheat. (3) The LAI decreased sharply in the later stage of winter wheat. So the LAI accuracy of remote sensing retrieval as well as reduced. The differences are largest between the remote sensing retrieval and in-situ observation, and the revised coefficient is largest in all growing stage.


In recent years, the field of Islamic Studies has witnessed a growing trend centered on reinterpreting early Islam. The reinterpretation concerns historical episodes, events, or figures, and stands in a clear dissonance with traditional narratives depicted by classical Muslim historians. The method utilized relies primarily on attempts to reread the Qurʾān by disassociating it from later qurʾānic exegesis. More importantly, this rereading, though principally concerned with early Islamic history, distances itself from traditional Muslim historiographical accounts. This trend has flourished particularly in the years after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, perhaps as a response to increased public hostility, in the Western World, towards Islam and its prophet.


The liquid crystalline behavious of porphyrins is normally associated with the formation of discotic mesophases, owing to stacking of the large, flat core; by extending the porphyrin along one axis via substitution at the 5 and 15 positions, the disc-like porphyrin can be made to behave as a rod, showing calamitic nematic and smectic A phases at elevated temperatures.


Methylphenidate-induced hepatic injury was documented by abnormal liver function tests including a markedly elevated serum bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Liver biopsy confirmed portal inflammation and hepatocellular disarray. Enzyme changes were reproducible with rechallenge of the drug (Ritalin). The drug is capable of producing hepatic injury, particularly when given in nonstandard doses intravenously.


A transdisciplinary methodology better ensures that home economics can take the lead in ensuring that higher education disciplines (including home economics), government agencies, the corporate sector, and members of civil society can share perspectives and power to solve increasingly complex problems of humanity. To that end, this paper profiles home economics as comprising disciplinary work, interdisciplinary work and transdisciplinary work. It envisions home economics practice through the lens of transdisciplinarity as a methodology, with four axioms: (a) multiple Levels of Reality (ontology), (b) the Logic of the Included Middle, (c) knowledge as emergent complexity (epistemology), and (d) integral values constellation (axiology).


In this paper, the motion of a gyroscope is studied when the magnitudes of two conserved angular momenta are equal. Different possibilities for these conserved angular momenta, effective potential and E ′ are considered. These possibilities are solved with two different numerical solutions, and the time evolution of angles, angular velocities and three-dimensional plots are presented. It is also seen that spin reversal is possible when the magnitudes of these conserved angular momenta are equal.


Attention to preparing social workers for our aging society has increased with concern that there may be insufficient professionals to meet the need. Interest in training gerontologically-savvy social work students had led to the development of models to achieve this end. This article reports on a collaboration among a university's school of social work, a foundation, and community agencies, to provide special training for students interested in aging. The model presented here offers locally-focused and smaller founders in aging an educational strategy to achieve their goals. The evaluation of the model and the findings of this evaluation are reviewed.


The purpose of this article is to analyse deconstructively an idea expressed in the novel, "Lembata", by F. Rahardi. The novel takes its name from an island in the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, in Eastern Indonesia. The majority of the people there are Catholic. A priest, Pedro, is given a task there by his bishop. In Lembata, he struggles with the basic problem faced by the people, poverty. Of course that poverty is a complex matter. Facing this, he is concerned by the need to import altar bread and grape wine for use in the Eucharist. He sees this as being an example of the Catholic Church supporting capitalism, which he identifies as the root cause of poverty. Pedro takes a controversial stand. He takes local foods, corn and arak, and uses these in the ritual of the Eucharist, instead of imported bread and wine. Written in a deconstructive way, the novel has elements that have relevant values relating to the way injustice can be perpetrated under the guise of promoting religious piety. As well as raising the question about the possibility of using alternative material to what is the norm in a religious ritual, the novel,"Lembata", also speaks about the concept of deconstruction and the attitude of the Catholic Church to poverty.


Providing an integrated packaging solution for a two-dimensional smart pixel array presents a series of constraints that complicate the employment of standard electronic packaging in systems applications. Through the construction of demonstrator systems, the Photonic Systems Group at McGill University (PSG McGill) has designed, fabricated, and implemented smart pixel array packaging which uniquely addresses the critical issues associated with successfully integrating two-dimensional optoelectronic device arrays into systems. These system design considerations are: electrical bandwidth, electrical connectivity, thermal management, and optomechanical interfacing.


Orthopaedic and dental implant durability is dependent on successful bone regeneration and osseointegration. Several studies have demonstrated that the implant surface properties like roughness, chemistry, and energy have a significant influence on the biological systems affecting protein adsorption, cell proliferation, differentiation, local factor production and consequently, bone growth and clinical osseointegration. However, very few have provided information about the effect of the atomic arrangement or structure. Using magnetron sputtering deposition, we produced amorphous and polycrystalline TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings. Thin (70-80 nm) oxide coatings were deposited on smooth (PT) and microstructured sandblasted/acid etched (SLA) Ti substrates. The effect of the atomic structure of the oxide coatings on the physico-chemical surface properties was carefully analyzed. The surface roughness, water contact angle (WCA), structure and composition were measured using confocal microscopy, drop sessile drop, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. XRD confirmed the crystalline or amorphous nature of the films. The nanometer thick coatings presented a well-passivated and uniform TiO2 (Ti4+) and ZrO2 (Zr4+) surface composition, while the substrates (native oxide layer) showed the presence of Ti atoms in lower valence states. The thin films did not alter submicron/micron topography but generated 5-10 nm structures across the surface. Our findings demonstrated that the nano-topography and the surface energy are significantly influenced by the coating structure.
The biological response of these coatings was analyzed at different strategic levels: protein adsorption (Albumin), bacterial adhesion and finally, the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Two pathogen bacterial strains were tested; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial adhesion at micro-rough (2.6 �m) SLA surfaces was independent of the surface composition and structure, contrary to the observation in sub-micron (0.5 �m) PT surfaces, where the crystalline oxide (TiO2 > ZrO2) surfaces got the larger amount of bacteria. Particularly, crystalline TiO2, which presented a predominant acid nature, was more attractive for the adhesion of the negatively charged bacteria.
Human MSCs were cultured on coated and uncoated titanium surfaces for seven days. Osteoblastic markers (RUNX2 mRNA, alkaline phosphatase activity in cell lysates, and secreted osteocalcin) and related growth factors [secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG)] were assessed. MSC attachment was higher on both amorphous oxide coatings than on their polycrystalline counterparts or titanium itself; an effect more robust on microstructured SLA surfaces. Cell number, ALP, OCN, OPG, BMP2, and VEGF levels were higher on amorphous than polycrystalline coatings or pure titanium. These results indicated that the HMSCs showed larger differentiation into osteoblasts on the nanoscale amorphous oxide coatings in comparison to the polycrystalline coatings or the native titanium oxide layer.
The information provided by this study, where surface modifications are introduced by means of the deposition of amorphous oxide coatings, provides a route for the rational design of implant surfaces to inhibit bacterial adhesion and enhanced the osteoblastic differentiation of HMSCs.


Electronic mail (Email) is one of the official and very common way of exchanging data and information over digital and electronic devices. Millions of users worldwide use email to exchange data and information between email servers. On the other hand, unwanted emails or spam became phenomenon challenging major companies and organizations due to the volume of spam which is increasing dramatically every year. Spam is annoying and may contain harmful contents. In addition, spam consume computers, servers, and network resources, causes harmful bottleneck, effect on computing memory and speed of digital devices. Moreover, the time consumed by the users to remove unwanted emails is huge. There are many methods developed to filter spam like keyword matching blacklist/whitelist and header information processing. Though, classical methods like blocking the source to prevent the spam are not effective. This study demonstrates and reviews the performance evaluation of the most popular and effective machine learning techniques and algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, ANN, J48, and Naïve Bayes for email spam classification and filtering. In con conclusion, support vector machine performs better than any individual algorithm in term of accuracy. This research contributes on the for the development of methods and techniques for better detection and prevention of spam.


In the last ten years, the communication environment around the world has changed significantly. The emergence of various forms of interpersonal communication has brought people closer, notably e-mail, instant messaging, social networking sites, etc. India has about 230 million active internet users, which is world's third largest internet user base. Indians are very active on different social networks and 88% of users share content on their social profiles and as well are increasingly spending time on various social networking sites. Many studies gave an overview of social media and its popularity, usage, and impact among students. Since each day new technology evolve in social media. Hence, this study entitled "Usage of Social Networking Sites among Adolescent Girls of Agra District of Uttar Pradesh" is placed in this context, aimed at presenting usage of Social Networking Sites by the adolescent girls of senior secondary school of Agra district. Total hundred respondents were taken as a sample for the study. It is concluded from the study that out of the 100 respondents 76 respondents were using social networking sites. The result further shows that all of the respondents (100 percentage) were registered themselves on social networking sites due to maintain exiting friends/contact while 10.53 percent of the respondents were registered themselves on social networking sites to find new friends as same as for dating purpose.


All nurses and nursing students today must be able assess patients for health literacy limitations and intervene to assure patient understanding of important health information. In this article the authors discuss the significance of the health literacy problem and share strategies for identifying and intervening with patients who have limited health literacy. They also describe how they incorporated health literacy content into their nursing education program and assessed the impact of this brief, health literacy education session. The analysis and results of this assessment indicated both a significant increase in student knowledge related to health literacy and the need for nurses to assess more fully patients' understanding of what they have been taught. Patient initiative in asking for assistance in understanding health-related information was limited. Discussion and implications of these findings for nursing education and nursing practice are provided.


Dielectric breakdown has been investigated for gate oxides grown on 0.3‐ and 1‐μm‐thick zone‐melting‐recrystallized (ZMR) silicon‐on‐insulator films, and also for oxides on 0.65‐ and 0.84‐μm‐thick films thinned from 1‐μm‐thick films by thermal oxidation. In addition, charge trapping and interface‐state generation have been studied for 1‐μm‐thick ZMR films. The gate oxide grown on a 1‐μm‐thick ZMR film is significantly better than that grown on a 0.3‐μm‐thick ZMR film. The weak spots for the breakdown of gate oxides are identified and correlated with defects in the ZMR films by optical Nomarski interference contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In comparison to its counterpart on bulk Si, the gate oxide grown on a 1‐μm‐thick ZMR film is characterized by a slightly lower breakdown field, larger positive charge generation, higher electron trapping, and larger interface‐state generation.


A starch tailings fraction was isolated from wheat flour and hydrolyzed
for various lengths of time with dilute sulfuric acid. Differential scanning
calorimetry showed that the hydrolyzed starch tailings were almost as
effective as sugars in raising the onset temperature for gelatinization of
starch. A sample hydrolyzed 2 hr increased the onset temperature by the
same extent as an equal weight of sucrose. When sucrose in cookies was
completely replaced by hydrolyzed starch tailing fractions, the spread of
the cookies depended- on the molecular size of the polysacch&ides in
the fraction added. Cookies containing a samole hvdrolvzed for 0.5 hr
had the least spread, whereas those containing'star& tail&gs hydrolyzed
for 2 hr spread the most.


The purpose of this study was to establish whether application of the four states of relatedness (connectedness, disconnectedness, enmeshment, and parallelism) and four processes or social competencies (belonging, reciprocity, mutuality, and synchrony) within the theory of human relatedness may have relevance and transferability to the practicum experiences of an international nursing student population. Secondary data transcriptions derived from focus groups involving 20 final-year pre-registration nursing undergraduates at an academic institution in Hong Kong which directly examined their placement reflections and views were analyzed against the states of relatedness and process or social competences identified within this theory. Data from the study provided evidence to support every state of relatedness and process or social competency within the theory of human relatedness. Evaluating pre-registration nursing student placement experiences against this theory suggests that improving a practicum may necessitate creating conditions for workplace learning which more effectively foster connectedness, belonging, reciprocity, mutuality, and synchrony, minimize the need for parallelism and help prevent disconnectedness and enmeshment.


The invention relates to a rehabilitation nursing bed with self-help lying and sitting adjusting and convenient hole opening functions. The rehabilitation nursing bed uses a ratchet. The rehabilitation nursing bed has the advantages that by changing the directions of pawls of a bidirectional ratchet wrench, a concentric worm rod on a single-end six-rowed shaft is pushed to change the rotation direction, a chain wheel which is coaxial with a worm is driven to change the rotation direction, a screw rod chain wheel is also driven to change the rotation direction, the screw rod which is fixedly connected with the chain wheel is driven to change the rotation direction, and a nut on the screw rod is moved forwards (or backwards); a support rod which is hinged to the nut is also moved to drive a turnover rod of a movable bed plate frame which is hinged to the other end of the support rod to turn upwards (or downwards), so the purpose of changing the lying and sitting gestures of the bed plate is realized; when a back movable bed plate frame is changed into the vertical sitting gesture, a hole can be conveniently and automatically opened; when a patient changes the position of the bed plate by hands or feet, the purposes of exercising the hands, the feet and the waist muscles, and accelerating the physical rehabilitation are realized.


We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the article by Brecher and colleagues that highlights the achievements of the AABB and College of American Pathologists (CAP) in encouraging their members to test platelet (PLT) products for bacterial contamination. These actions took place subsequent to the publication in 2002 of an "Open Letter to the Blood Community," which was published by the authors. While applauding the achievements of the AABB, CAP, and the authors, this article fails to recognize the FDA's contributions and instead faults the FDA for a failure to issue a regulatory mandate for the testing of PLT products for bacterial contamination. Such a characterization of the FDA's activities in this area is not supported by the record of the agency's actions over the past decades. The FDA has been diligent in its efforts to address and improve the safety of PLT transfusion. Dating back to 1986, the agency reduced the shelf life of PLTs from 7 to 5 days based on reports of septic reactions. Since then the FDA has sponsored numerous workshops and advisory committee meetings and taken regulatory actions to address issues related to the bacterial contamination of PLTs. Some highlights follow:


To the Printers of the Gazette By a Passage in one of your late Papers, I understand that the Government at home will not suffer our mistaken Assemblies to make any Law for preventing or discouraging the Importation of Convicts from Great Britain, for this kind Reason, " That such Laws are against the Publick Utility, as they tend to prevent the I mprovement and well peopling of the Colonies." Such a tender parental Concern in our Mother Country for the Welfare of her Children, calls aloud for the highest Returns of Gratitude and Duty. This every one must be sensible of: But 'tis said, that in our present Circumstances it is absolutely impossible for us to make such as are adequate to the Favour. I own it; but nevertheless let us do our Endeavour. 'Tis something to show a grateful Disposition. In some of the uninhabited Parts of these Provinces, there are Numbers of these venomous Reptiles we call R attle -S nakes ; Felons-convict from the Beginning of the World: These, whenever we meet with them, we put to Death, by Virtue of an old Law, Thou shalt bruise his Head . But as this is a sanguinary Law, and may seem too cruel; and as however mischievous those Creatures are with us, they may possibly change their Natures, if they were to change the Climate; I would humbly propose, that this general Sentence of Death be changed for Transportation .


In this paper the call admission control (CAC) and routing control (RC) problems for loss network systems are studied as optimal stochastic control (OSC) problems. The socalled pre-state process of the underlying system is a piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP) evolving deterministically between (random) event instants at which times the prestate jumps to another value. The random events in the system correspond to the arrival of call requests or the departure of (active) connections. In the principal result the HamiltonJacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations are derived for the underlying stochastic optimal control problems; Unlike the usual single HJB scalar partial difierential equation, we now have a flnite collection of those, inducing coupling within a flnite family of integer indexed value functions. The number of such coupled equations is equal to the number of admissible connection states within the network. Analytical expressions of optimal controls are derived for some simple loss network systems.


In spite of the unimaginable global transformations described in my blog post [1] yesterday, per capita food production and consumption in many parts of Africa has actually declined. Unless there is a massive infusion of aid (from the Gates Foundation and others) for seeds, fertilizer, and infrastructure, the situation could get worse, since in many regions of Africa, farmers are taking more nutrients out of the soil than they are returning. They are mining the soil and destroying its structure.


Abstract A new spin wavelet transform on the sphere is proposed to analyse the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), a spin ± 2 signal observed on the celestial sphere. The scalar directional scale-discretised wavelet transform on the sphere is extended to analyse signals of arbitrary spin. The resulting spin scale-discretised wavelet transform probes the directional intensity of spin signals. A procedure is presented using this new spin wavelet transform to recover E- and B-mode signals from partial-sky observations of CMB polarisation.


This paper presents a low-dropout regulator (LDO) with the capability to provide a stable 0.9 V supply voltage for fluctuation-sensitive circuits such as the voltage-controller oscillator in a frequency synthesizer. The LDO uses a low noise architecture that separates two feed-back loops with a low-pass filter with a extremely low 3-dB frequency of 8.15 Hz. The circuit is designed in a 28-nm technology, operating with a 1.8 V external voltage and able to supply maximum current of 25 mA. Analysis and implementation for optimizing power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of the circuit are also addressed in this paper.