The research aimed to find out : (1) to produce history evaluation media based on google form; (2) know the level the effectiveness of google form as a evaluation teaching history in SMA N 1 Prambanan. This research use research and development method which adapted with the design development ADDIE ; (1) analysis model; (2) design model; (3) development; (4) implementation; and (5) evaluation. The study population was high school in SMA N 1 Prambanan. The instruments that used to collect the data were observation sheets, interview and test achievement. The research result showed that History media evaluation based on Google Form in History with feasibility level according to the assessment by material experts was obtained by 79,8% which was category of feasible, assessment by media experts was obtained by 78,5% which was category of feasible, and assessment by learning experts was obtained by 86,3% which was category of very feasible. The limited trial result obtained percentage by 86,3% which was category of very feasible. The result of extensive trial obtained percentage by 83,6% which was category of very feasible. Keyword: Google form, media evaluation, history


Two full width ( 4'6&dquo; ) beds are now at least as numerous as the usual standard twin size ( 3'3&dquo; ) beds. More important, practical operators realize that people in this country are now taller by inches than they were during the first World War. Thus they are replacing standard 75&dquo; length bed equipment with 80&dquo; beds. School dormitory managers have become acutely conscious of this need.


Michael George Dornan ("Mike") graduated from Sheffield and became a general practitioner principal in Chesterfield. A warm and compassionate doctor, he was also a highly regarded trainer and professional leader in the north Derbyshire …


Combined with the analysis on collapse situations and collapse reasons of a extra large cross-section tunnel in slate strata,the treatment technologies for the collapsed mass are mainly researched in this paper.Then the author points out that,the strengthening treatment by grouting method for the whole cross-section of the collapsed mass should be used in advance before the excavation of the collapsed mass.In addition,the selections of both the grouting scheme and grouting liquid should be on the premise of ensuring that the grouting holes can be formed successfully in the loose mass of the collapsed tunnel,and that the design grouting effects can be achieved.In case of large-scale collapse of tunnel,the grouting range should ensure that the tunnel cavern can have enough stability in the process of tunnel excavation after being strengthened.Furthermore,reasonable selection of drilling machine for grouting is the key to treat the large-scale collapse,and the early warning indexes in monitoring and measuring should have more strict standards when tunnel excavation in slate strata.


10.4103/2303-9027.151372 A 35-year-old male was presented with a history of recurrent acute pancreatitis. An abdominal ultrasound showed extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis, normal biliary system and dilated pancreatic duct. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was done to look for biliary system microliths and chronic pancreatitis. It showed features consistent with chronic pancreatitis, portal vein thrombosis and multiple paracholedochal collaterals causing tortuous and irregular common bile duct (CBD) as shown in Figures 1 and 2, consistent with portal hypertensive biliopathy. His liver function tests were normal. Regular follow-up was advised to the patient.


An image correcting apparatus (330) that corrects an image to be projected by a projector on the basis of a local distortion of the projection plane includes an amount-of-distortion calculating unit (332) that calculates the amount of distortion at each of a plurality of feature points on an image, which is projected on the projection plane, for calculating the amount of distortion on the basis of the captured image obtained by capturing the image, an image-correcting-method selecting unit (333) that selects an image correcting method according to the amount of distortion at each of the feature points, which is calculated by the amount-of-distortion calculating unit, and an image correction processing unit (334) that corrects a predetermined area of the image to be projected by the image correcting method selected by the image-correcting-method selecting unit.


We discuss the impact of the preheating stage in radiative corrections due to interaction of the inflaton to fermions to $\phi^4$ inflation with non-minimal coupling in Palatini formulation. In Palatini inflation with large non-minimal coupling the field is allow to return to the plateau region during the reheating stage, so the average equation of state per oscillations is closer to $-1$ than to $1/3$. The incursion in the plateau leads, however, to a highly efficient tachyonic instability able to reheat the Universe in less than one e-fold. By taking into account prescription II discussed in the literature, in the wide range of $\kappa-\xi$, we figure out spectral index $n_s$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ which are compatible with the data given by the Keck Array/BICEP2 and Planck collaborations.


The plasma processing apparatus of the present invention, a magnetic field generator capable of generating a magnetic field and a sheet optic element that can produce a light sheet capable of illuminating particles in a processing chamber of the apparatus. The imaging device can acquire image data corresponding to the particles illuminated by the light sheet. A magnetic field generator, a sheet optic element and an imaging device may be positioned relative to one another to access the plasma. The image processor processes the image data to obtain the concentration of particles in the light sheet. How to measure particle concentration in a plasma processing apparatus, and a magnetic field generator, the method and obtaining the concentration of particles in the light sheet for positioning the sheet optic element and an imaging device to one another to access the plasma. In addition, a method of minimizing particles in the chamber.


Carbon tannin-lignin-formaldehyde (TLF) gels were obtained for the first time by carbonization of organic xerogels synthesized by sol-gel condensation of formaldehyde with polyphenolic substances isolated from abies wood and bark – ethanol lignin and condensed tannins. The effect of the mass ratio of the tannins/lignin (T/L) components in the range 1:0 – 1:2 on the specific surface areas, porous volume, apparent density, and microstructure of carbon tannin-lignin-formaldehyde gels has been studied. It was found that the density of the carbon gels increases from 0.52 to 0.60 g/cm3 with a rises in the T/L ratio from 1:0 to 1:0.2 and 1:0.5 in the initial gel and then decreases to 0.20 and 0.13 g/cm3 with an increase in the lignin content to T/L ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. The study of the porous structure of carbon gels by the BET method showed that the carbon TLF gel obtained at a T/L ratio 1:2 is characterized by the highest specific surface area (538 m2/g). Using scanning electron microscopy, the structures of TF and TLF carbon gels have been studied. It has been established that the size of globular particles has a decisive influence on the structure of gels. The size of the globule particles increases with increasing of lignin content in the composition of the tannin-lignin-formaldehyde gel that leads to the formation of a less ordered structure of the carbon gel. The porous structure of TLF carbon gels obtained from abies polyphenolic substances can be regulated by varying the ratio of tannins:lignin. The obtained carbon gels can be used as sorbents and catalyst supports


This paper introduces an important Perron-Frobenius theorem in algebra,and discusses the first principal component served as the principle and condition of the system evaluation index.Also,this paper analyses and compares the evaluation method of the ranking formulas of two types of this system,i.e.PCA and AHP ranking formulas,and points out the intrinsic and essential connection and applicable situations whereby providing the guidance for correct selection of using PCA AHP evaluation method.


OR (US) Primary Examiner David M. Shay (73) Assignee: Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi (JP) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, L.L.P. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (57) ABSTRACT patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. An apparatus for corneal Surgery to correct a refractive error by ablating corneal tissue with a laser beam emitted from a (21) Appl. No.: 09/457,394 laser Source and delivered onto a cornea of a patient's eye with a light delivering optical System, the apparatus com (22) Filed: Dec. 9, 1999 prising an irradiation area limiting device for limiting an 7 irradiation area of the laser beam and for Varving the (51) Int. Cl.' ........................................................ A61F 9/01 ying (52) U.S. Cl 60615; 606/10; 606/12; irradiation area, a first control device for controlling the


The paper presents spectral characteristic (ultraviolet, visible, infrared, electron spin resonance, absorption, fluorescence and chemiluminescence) for synthetic polymers obtained with adrenochrome, adrenochrome and cysteine, adrenochrome and glutathione, adrenochrome and ovoalbumin as model compounds for biopolymers of aminochromes with naturally occuring SH-containing amino-acids, peptides and proteins. It has been found that oxidation of these polymers takes place by generating the electronically excited molecules, especially singlet molecular oxygen. The presence of free radicals has also proved to be very important. A new biologically important property of the investigated types of polymers has been demonstrated. Possible mechanisms for the generation of the excited states has been suggested.


Background Patients who are no longer candidates for upper-extremity haemodialysis arteriovenous (AV) grafts or fistulae present a difficult problem. The vascular surgeons at Mansoura University Hospital used a loop AV graft in the thigh in 30 patients with end-stage renal failure during the period from January 2008 to January 2011. Patients and methods Patients in this retrospective study underwent femoral AV loop graft placement when there was no alternative access to the upper extremity. The primary and secondary patency rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The 30 patients who underwent a femoral AV loop polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft in the upper thigh had a mean follow-up of 18 months (range 4-36 months). Early access failure due to thrombosis was reported in two patients in the superficial femoral artery ( n = 26) inflow group and due to infection in one patient in the common femoral artery group ( n = 4). The cumulative graft survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis method and it was 93% in the sixth month, 87% at the end of the first year, and 71% after 24 months to reach 30% at the end of our study. There were no cases of limb amputation (0%) in our study, nor any incidences of operative deaths in our series. Although strict aseptic procedures were adopted, the incidence of infection among the studied patients was 16.7% and it was responsible for final graft failure at the end of the study. Conclusion Finally, we found that the thigh PTFE graft had the advantage of long length, which enables different cannulation sites, easy use, and high flow, which reduces the thrombosis rate. It was a good alternative to exhausted upper-extremity access. Choice of the lower-extremity femoral AV graft should take into account the patient's comorbidities and peripheral vascular disease. Further research with randomized studies is required to consolidate our results.


Social Cognition Education (SCE) of college student has spawned a proliferation of studies in the past two decades. Social cognition level (SCL) of college student is deemed pivotal to the pursuit of both personal empowerment and the economic development of a society. Most of the contemporary interpretations of social cognition are inextricably intertwined with lifelong learning. In this paper, we investigated the personal social cognition level (knowledge, attitudes and behavior) of a sample of students of public security college using the personal characteristics. Second, we examined peer influences on the level of social cognition of college students. Finally, we examined how college students' social knowledge and attitudes correlated with their social behavior. The study found that through police practice, students can improve their practical ability, ability for application of knowledge, and ability to innovate and enhance their sense of police responsibility and police professional identity so as to inspire their spiritual power to learn. Keywordssocial cognition; SCE; relation of SCE; police practice


DRAM is a precious resource in extreme-scale machines and is increasingly becoming scarce, mainly due to the growing number of cores per node. On future multi-petaflop and exaflop machines, the memory pressure is likely to be so severe that we need to rethink our memory usage models. Fortunately, the advent of non-volatile memory (NVM) offers a unique opportunity in this space. Current NVM offerings possess several desirable properties, such as low cost and power efficiency, but suffer from high latency and lifetime issues. We need rich techniques to be able to use them alongside DRAM. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for exploiting NVM as a secondary memory partition so that applications can explicitly allocate and manipulate memory regions therein. More specifically, we propose an NVMalloc library with a suite of services that enables applications to access a distributed NVM storage system. We have devised ways within NVMalloc so that the storage system, built from compute node-local NVM devices, can be accessed in a byte-addressable fashion using the memory mapped I/O interface. Our approach has the potential to re-energize out-of-core computations on large-scale machines by having applications allocate certain variables through NVMalloc, thereby increasing the overall memory capacity available. Our evaluation on a 128-core cluster shows that NVMalloc enables applications to compute problem sizes larger than the physical memory in a cost-effective manner. It can bring more performance/efficiency gain with increased computation time between NVM memory accesses or increased data access locality. In addition, our results suggest that while NVMalloc enables transparent access to NVM-resident variables, the explicit control it provides is crucial to optimize application performance.


Assessing ground reaction force could provide valuable information in prescribing appropriate footwear to reduce the consequences of flat-foot as well as limiting further complication in flat-feet children. The main goal of this study was to explore the dynamic plantar loading during child walking for. This study examined ground reaction force in 60 flat-foot children and 25 aged-matched control subjects. Measured parameters included ground reaction force (GRF), and the joint moments of the lower limb. The contribution to the support moment from each joint in the lower limb was determined for the control and flat feet groups. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.17.1.209


In this paper, we introduce the notion of $L^p$-Green-tight measures of $L^p$-Kato class in the framework of symmetric Markov processes. The class of $L^p$-Green-tight measures of $L^p$-Kato class is defined by the $p$-th power of resolvent kernels. We first prove that under the $L^p$-Green tightness of the measure $\mu$, the embedding of extended Dirichlet space into $L^{2p}(E;\mu)$ is compact under the absolute continuity condition for transient Markov processes, which is an extension of recent seminal work by Takeda. Secondly, we prove the coincidence between two classes of $L^p$-Green-tightness, one is originally introduced by Zhao, and another one is invented by Chen. Finally, we prove that our class of $L^p$-Green-tight measures of $L^p$-Kato class coincides with the class of $L^p$-Green tight measures of Kato class in terms of Green kernel under the global heat kernel estimates. We apply our results to $d$-dimensional Brownian motion androtationally symmetric relativistic $\alpha$-stable processes on $\mathbb{R}^d$.


It is very important the development of laboratory practice in engineering courses, but the high cost of educational kits often hamper their acquisition. However, the present work aims to develop a kit for lessons kinetics and reactors, using easily obtainable materials and environmental character, since the fixed bed is made from sugar cane bagasse. To study the kinetics vary the volume of ethyl alcohol and fed to a fixed bed high in the reactor, observing the behavior of the yield and productivity. We evaluated the influence of the addition of ethyl alcohol and acetic acid in the production of and evaluated the operational activity of bagasse performing the reuse of the same. The acidity of the product increased with time and after about 12 hours remained constant. The yield increase was proportional to the decreased volume and increased height of the fixed bed. Applying the values obtained in models of chemical kinetics first and second order, it was concluded that the model of the first order kinetics are best fit to the data.


Abstract 725 The addition of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab to chemotherapy has substantially improved the clinical outcome of patients with a wide range of B-cell malignancies. Despite this success, many patients are not cured by standard approaches and there is intense investigation into the development of new-generation anti-CD20 mAbs with further improved therapeutic efficacy. Although Fc-FcgR interactions appear to underlie much of the therapeutic success with Rituximab, certain Type II anti-CD20 mAbs, can directly induce programmed cell death (PCD), whereas rituximab-like Type I anti-CD20 mAbs do not (Chan et al. Cancer Res 63: 5480-5489, 2003). We have demonstrated that Type II mAbs are more effective at B-cell depletion in syngeneic human CD20 transgenic mice (Beers et al. Blood 112: 4170-4177, 2008). Recently, we elucidated the mechanism underlying PCD induced by the Type II anti-CD20 mAb Tositumomab, demonstrating a novel non-apoptotic mode of cell death, defined by homotypic adhesion, peripheral relocalization of actin and lysosomal activity (Ivanov et al. J Clin Invest, doi: 10.1172/JCI37884, 2009). Here we confirm that the humanized anti-CD20 mAb GA101 and derivatives harboring non-glycomodified human IgG1 or mouse IgG2a Fc regions are bone fide Type II reagents, lacking the ability to translocate CD20 into lipid rafts or initiate calcium flux. Furthermore, GA101 initiates extensive non-apoptotic cell death in a range of B-lymphoma cell lines in contrast to rituximab (e.g. in Raji cells 48 ± 1.8% versus 13 ± 0.2%, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Based on system reliability simulation theory,using the method of computer simulation,the paper analyzes the effect of RMS on the equipment using in combat.Simulation model of RMS is built and the method of real time simulation is put forward.


The project-based teaching mode is a method based on the educational theory of constructivism. Based on this mode, the paper discussed a new teaching practice, covering different fields of knowledge by a project, and constructing knowledge system by comprehensive mission. Finally, essay introduced an example of the theory that applied in the VB programming.


Among dielectrics, electrostrictive materials possess good electromechanical properties and are preferred in many applications, including tactile sensing. These properties can be further enhanced by addition of filler particles of materials like Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, and so forth. Improved properties of such composite materials result in enhancement of sensor's response. The objective of this paper is to analyze and compare the improvement in properties of these composite dielectric materials. Graphs have been plotted for values of tan delta and relative real permittivity with respect to variation of TiO2 and ZnO filler particle concentration. It is found that in nanocomposite with ZnO filler particles, reduction in losses is more as compared with TiO2 filled nanocomposite, whereas TiO2 is a better filler material in comparison to ZnO for increasing permittivity of the nanocomposite. Further study has been done in respect of increase in interfacial volume fraction for various sizes and concentrations of filler particles. It is observed that when filler particle size is reduced from 5 to 0.5 nm, interfacial volume fraction increases by 900%. Another aspect studied is variation in Young's modulus on increasing volume percentage of microfillers for four different sizes in range (0.15-0.92 μm). For all sizes of microfillers, Young's modulus initially increases indicating enhancement in mechanical strength or toughness of composite, but later on, it starts decreasing. It is also observed that there is diverse opinion among researchers on the electromechanical properties of the composite and analysis has been made on the possible reasons for such diverse opinion.


ABSTRACT Realists criticise the moralised approaches that inform ideal political theory for being unable to handle the brute facts of disagreement that constitute political reality. As a result, such approaches are insufficiently political, too ambitious in terms of the substantive unanimity that can be expected to emerge from political differences, and naive in the proposals they make. In this paper, I use Brian Barry's 'moralised' approach – as developed in 'Justice as Impartiality' – to argue that ideal theory can be reformulated to make it capable not only of responding to realist criticisms, but of offering a moralised approach to politics that has significant realist pedigree. As an instance of this pedigree, I argue thus understood, ideal theory can provide us the tools to distinguish between the making of compromises and the acceptance of capitulation and thereby contribute to an understanding of our political worlds.


This article looks in some detail at the transcript of a mathematics lesson in exploring the nature of low-level disruption in schools. This is preceded by a brief theoretical overview of behavioural issues, aimed at giving a context for the consideration of low-level disruption. The discussion of the issues arising from the analysis of the transcript includes an argument for explicitly teaching aspects of classroom behaviour to children at the beginning of the secondary school years as a means of ensuring better access to classroom learning opportunities and greater autonomy for teachers to work with children in a proactive, rather than reactive, manner.


The pseudo-environment made up of the media environment and the mental environment is an important part of human social life.It isn't the same as the real environment,but closely connects with it,the subjective environment(mental environment) plays a leading role.The research of pseudo-environment mainly focuses on the field of spatial orientation and navigation,lacking the empirical study of psychology.Therefore,the research of pseudo-environment will become a new direction in the study of psychology.


Multiple cropping describes forms of cropping practices where total production from a unit area of land in a farming year is achieved through growing crops simultaneously, sole crops in sequence, or a combination of mixed and sole crops in sequence. Multiple cropping for food production is in widespread use by farmers in the warmer parts of the world at all levels of agricultural technology. However, the form of multiple cropping varies from area to area depending on the farmers' total resources. Under conditions of "low level equilibrium" farming, as exists in much of the developing world (e.g., Africa, Latin America, parts of India), farmers operate with difficulties arising from low capital, unfavorable price relations, unsophisticated markets, and rudimentary infrastructure. Multiple cropping involving the growing of rain-fed crops in mixtures matches well the total resources available to these farmers in maintaining low but often adequate and relatively steady production. In conditions of "high level equilibrium" farming, as exists in areas such as the U. S., Taiwan, and parts of India, on-farm agricultural technology is geared towards commercial production. Here multiple cropping mostly involves the growing of sole crops in sequence, but in some cases where farming is both capital and labor intensive due to a high population and an absolute land shortage, growing crops in mixtures has become economically more attractive. In the future much of the food needed by the world's rural and urban population in the areas presently under conditions of low level equilibrium farming will have to be produced by farming communities under conditions of change in agricultural technology. While efforts by governments to improve institutional and administrative structures and support facilities will


The Dutch website Bereslim (http:// www.bereslim.nl) provides digital picture storybooks for three- to seven-year-olds for daily use. The present study investigates whether this new opportunity to enhance linguistic development actively assists preschool children from low- and high-educated families in an equal manner. We looked closely at the characteristics of the 1781 persons who visited the Bereslim website between March and October 2006, when the digital books were available free of charge. To get access, visitors had to complete a brief questionnaire about characteristics of the child (date of birth, gender, school and grade) and parents (educational level, membership library, number of storybooks bought in the last six months, and how they found the website), how the child spent his or her leisure time, whether he or she used (new) media (i.e. amount of time and content of shows/ games/books and favourite websites, programs and books), whether the parents participated in different activities from their children and if their children already are familiar with the five books on the site. We found that the bulk of low-educated families who most need this additional opportunity of literacy enhancement were absent. Attempts to create new chances for at-risk children from low-educated families have often failed, as it did this time in another natural experiment.


A vaginal hysterectomy was planned for a 54‐year‐old woman, weighing 80 kg with a body mass index (BMI) of 33, who had complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding. She complained of intermittent lower back pain for which she was advised magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lumbo‐sacral spine, which showed a 2 × 4 cm intraspinal cystic lesion of cerebrospinal fluid intensity extending from first (L1) lumbar to fourth (L4) lumbar level. She did not provide any history of previous surgery or anaesthesia exposure and had good effort tolerance. Pre‐anesthesia check up (PAC) fitness was given with routine preoperative orders. In our institute, we follow a two tier system, where after preliminary PAC by a resident, it is reviewed by a consultant anaesthetist next day prior to surgery. This second checkpoint helps to review the PAC and check consent documentation after proper patient identification. This practice at times is beneficial, as described in the present case, where on review it was found that the patient had been reluctant in sharing medical history. This prompted the anaesthetist to closely scrutinise the history of past medical illness and seek elaborate details revealing that the patient had suffered from myasthenia gravis (MG) 5 years ago. She had received treatment for 4 years and was asymptomatic for the last year and since all medications were stopped. The patient felt that since she had been cured of the illness she did not need to disclose it. We discussed the same with the surgeon but considering the semi‐emergency of a bleeding patient we took a combined decision to proceed, but with a written


In this paper we attempted to build on
and innovate the model set by the scientist
Hyeongon [5] in order to simplify it and make it
more universally applicable. This is the best
quality of our research. Namely, its application
exceeds the framework of virtual team competence
defining. It can be implemented by prospective
project financiers, research institutes, ministries
and others. In addition to formulating the original
model, the authors propose that a database of
experts should be formed on the basis of the
keywords from their publications.


In her target article, Jennifer McMahon argues that we understand art not by explicitly interpreting "raw percepts," but rather by engaging with our implicit tendencies to interpret complex stimuli in terms of culturally-engrained preconceptions and narratives. These attributions of order require a shared conceptual and cultural background, and thus one might worry that in denying access to raw percepts, the view dulls art's critical edge. Against this worry, McMahon argues that art can continue to create and innovate by inviting us to critically reflect upon the very preconceptions on which our engagement with it necessarily depends. In this commentary, I place these attributions of order in historical and empirical context. In addition, I discuss a lingering, related mystery — the possibility of the occasionally punctuated character of artistic evolution, in which prevailing aesthetic conventions are replaced with almost entirely new ones. I suggest that such radical breaks with the past are possible even given the concept-ladeness of perception, but are only likely to succeed when they tap into a culturally-invariant bedrock of more basic attributions of order. In the classic Heider-Simmel demonstration (1944) — a foundational experiment in psychological research on social cognition — subjects watched a two-and-a-half minute animation depicting a stationary box and three moving geometric shapes: a large triangle, a small triangle, and a circle. During the animation, the large triangle enters from the left and moves to the right; subsequently, one of the box's sides is divided in two and a smaller segment pivots outward, the large triangle then moving inside the box. Afterwards, the smaller segment pivots inwards and once again the box is whole. Then, the smaller triangle and the circle appear from the left and move near the part of the box that had pivoted, which pivots again. The larger triangle moves out of the box and comes near the smaller triangle, and they both shake for approximately five seconds, and... _____________________________ Corresponding Author: Cameron Buckner University of Houston; Ruhr-University, Bochum email – firstname.lastname@example.com Essays Philos (2012) 13:2 Buckner | 424 Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the animation (which can be found with a cursory Internet search) is how excruciating it is to describe its contents in this manner. Let us instead use some terms favored by subjects in the experiment: A burly villain breaks into the home of two young lovers and is discovered by them after they return from an evening on the town. This hardened criminal is overcome by malice at the sight of the happiness and innocence of the startled young lovers; he vigorously beats the poor young man and traps the terrified woman in the house, cornering her with dark motives brewing in his evil, triangular mind. After recovering from his thrashing, the weakened young man opens the door and rescues his love and, after a brief but harrowing pursuit by the burglar, they flee to safety. In her article, McMahon argues that the sort of narrative attribution-of-order vividly demonstrated in the Heider-Simmel experiment is both endemic to human cognition and essential to artistic experience. Perception is conceptually and culturally loaded, but this embeddedness is actually a prerequisite, rather than a threat, to art's ability to engage in cultural critique. She grounds this embeddedness in what she calls the principle of aesthetic form, the key idea being that art needs some "aesthetic syntax" in order to transmit a message — including in this category perhaps mundane symbolism such as that in Medieval European art holiness is indicated by the presence of floating golden halos, as well as more complex aesthetic conventions such as that in Cubism scenes are simultaneously depicted from multiple angles. However, she augments this principle with a corollary principle of art, which holds (echoing Kant and Adorno) that despite necessarily relying upon such syntactic conventions, the artist remains free to critically comment upon them and to suggest new ones. Two questions are raised by McMahon's contribution that I will briefly address in this commentary. First, if attribution-of-order is ubiquitous in human cognition, what is distinctive about the sort of attribution-of-order that occurs during the appreciation of artworks? Attribution-of-order occurs any time we explain an event in terms of a causal principle or interpret the actions of another as goal-directed, yet we are not entering the artistic mode every time we e.g. watch an object roll downhill or infer that the dog wants to go outside because it paces near the door. We want a kind of architectonic of attributionsof-order which would place all of these processes with respect to one another and show their dependencies. McMahon is rightly well-known for the sophisticated, empirically-grounded account of such processes offered in her latest book, but I briefly summarize empirical work in this area below for the purposes of context. Second, if art must make use of shared cultural background in order to communicate with a viewer, how are artists able to create Essays Philos (2012) 13:2 Buckner | 425 fundamentally new techniques and conventions? Notably, art does not remain trapped in a particular cultural milieu that it gradually tweaks and modifies — Western art is not merely footnotes to Da Vinci — but rather engages in occasional dramatic paradigm shifts that deploy an almost wholly distinct "aesthetic syntax." One might worry that while McMahon has opened up some room for innovation, affirming the culture-ladenness of perception still renders mysterious the occasionally punctuated character of artistic evolution. First, let us consider a taxonomy of attributions-of-order. The first cut in the taxonomy might concern the type of regularities perceived: are they of causal principles or the actions of intentional agents? While, if we be physicalists, agency will be just another more complex sort of causal principle, it is certainly a distinct form that requires distinct biases and responses. Another cut would involve the hierarchical level of the perception, for another important shift occurs when the principles of attribution-of-order are applied recursively to themselves. For example, an organism capable of recursive attribution-oforder could begin to wonder about the status of its own perceptual apparatus, learning to confront cases of perceptual illusion and to compare the qualities of certain perceptions to those of others. And finally we might ask whether the predictions are generated implicitly or explicitly, for all of the principles discussed thus far can likely be mastered tacitly, through passive habituation — whereas explicit engagement of these capacities may introduce another degree of flexibility and control. Cognitive science has a great deal to contribute to this architectonic, as processes at every level of this scheme have been studied empirically. In particular, the idea that the mind consists of a hierarchical layering of attributions-of-order has recently been on the upswing. From this perspective, the brain can be characterized as a "prediction machine;" its goal is to quickly and efficiently predict the widest range of perceptual regularities across the widest range of situations. It lacks adequate space and processing power to simply memorize every statistical regularity in the environment, however, and so it must economize on representational resources. It accomplishes this trade-off by dividing the job into a multi-level, hierarchical process, where the task is broken down into layers, with each successive layer operating only on the output of the previous layer. Bi-directional inter-layer learning is governed by error-correction processes; when an important outcome is not predicted, the features that would have led to a correct prediction become more salient in the future. Over time, with enough learning (and perhaps some hardwired biases), the brain learns to organize raw perceptual experience into a fully-assembled, predictable world. Raw retinal input is broken down into features such as colors and locations, features are assembled into edges and boundaries, boundaries into shapes, shapes into figures, figures into scenes, and, Essays Philos (2012) 13:2 Buckner | 426 eventually, scenes into narratives. This hierarchical process is governed by what neuroscientists call "convergence," a progressive winnowing down and abstraction; at each stage, only part of the possible input is attended to, the part deemed important or diagnostic given an inductive crystallization from prior experience. Babies may begin with something like James's "buzzing, blooming confusion," but once the systems get set up, raw sensory input is progressively broken down into its most essential features and re-assembled into meaningful objects, scenes, and narratives (and as McMahon correctly notes, conscious awareness typically only comes in at the later stages of the process). At each step the system gains predictive power by focusing only on the most valid aspects; but at the same time efficiency comes at a cost, for the brain must ignore a large amount of potential information from the previous layer. Crucially, these views often predict top-down regulation of perception, where the features that are consciously perceived (with many actual details ignored and some entirely fabricated) are determined in part by the high-level narratives those features might support. On this scheme, perhaps McMahon's distinctive mode of art appreciation consists in a recursive, explicit deployment of attributions-of-order simultaneously to an artwork and to the form of one's own aesthetic experience. As McMahon suggests, artworks can place us into a mode of explicit reflection; we appreciate not only the structural features of the artwork, but also the effects these fe


The relationship between the bulk abscisic acid (ABA) content, ABA compartmental redistribution, and chloroplast ultrastructural changes was studied in leaves of lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) plants subjected to water stress. ABA was uniformly distributed in the cytosol, nucleus, chloroplasts, and cell walls of mesophyll cells in well-watered plants. In plants subjected to water stress (-2.6 MPa water potential) the bulk leaf ABA increased from 900 to 3600 pmol g -1 fresh weight. At the ultrastructural level, the first indication of this rise in ABA was a 4-fold increase in ABA immunolabeling in the cell wall in which the highest labeling values were recorded. This increase in apoplastic ABA in lavender was not attributable to ABA release from the chloroplast, because a simultaneous increase in ABA labeling was observed in both the chloroplast and nucleus (2- and 3-fold, respectively). Water stress induced a progressive increase in bulk leaf ABA concentration to 13600 pmol g -1 fresh weight coincident, with the highest immunolabeling of ABA in the nucleus and chloroplast. Under severe water stress, the chloroplast membrane broke down, resulting in leakage of ABA from the chloroplast. The stress-induced increase of ABA in chloroplasts and nuclei may serve a function other than affecting stomatal movement.


Abstract Lorraine Hansberry's concerns about peace issues have been largely neglected in previous scholarship. Absorbing the views of the Communist left of the post-World War II era, particularly those of Paul Robeson and W. E. B. Du Bois, and coupling these with her personal abhorrence of war and violence, she expressed a commitment to peace that was evident from the Progressive Party campaign of 1948 until her untimely death in 1965. Her focus on opposing U. S. Cold War policies — including support for European colonialism, the war in Korea, and the buildup of nuclear weapons — was of necessity combined with opposition to McCarthyist measures intended to silence such opposition. Hansberry was not alone in making a long-term commitment to the "fight for peace" (as it was called during the 1948 presidential campaign), and recognizing the way in which she and her contemporaries linked peace and freedom enriches their legacy.


Cellular automata method is widely used in the simulation of the microstructure of various materials. The software for the synthetic generation of microstructures of polycrystalline materials has been developed. Using the software, the coefficient of the form, the normalized grain area, the scale factor and the angle of grain orientation are determined. For the obtained data, statistical processing and probability density functions have been obtained. According to statistical parameters, the comparison of the obtained results with the parameters of microstructure of pure iron has been performed.


It illustrates two basic form of the heating of new residential buildings which are radiator heating system of double stack horizontal tandem type and low temperature hot water floor radiant heating system,and it also introduces the main direction and measures of heating energy conservation of residential buildings,so as to achieve the goal of saving energy.


In this paper, we propose a constant time sorting algorithm on an array composed of comparators and single-pole-double-throw switches, which is far more feasible than other constant time sorting algorithms [21]-[23]. Our results shown that the algorithm uses time T = Θ(1) and area A = O(N3). This nearly matches the AT2 = Ω(N2 log2 N) lower bound for sorting in the VLSI model.


We give the solution to the problem of normal ordering of monomials (a+a)n in pairs of deformed annihilation and creation operators of the Heisenberg algebra involving the reflection operator.


MICHAEL P. SCHARF [.] I INTRODUCTION On August 20, 1998, the United States launched an airstrike against the Al Shiffa pharmaceutical plant in Sudan, which U.S. officials claimed was a chemical weapons facility operated by Osama bin Laden, the terrorist behind the bombings of the U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya a month earlier.[1] It was subsequently disclosed that the Al Shiffs plant in fact produced legitimate pharmaceutical products including anti-malaria drugs under a United Nations contract specifically approved by the United States and that Osama bin Laden actually had no financial or other connection to the plant. [2] Arguing that the bombing of a civilian pharmaceutical plant constituted a war crime, the President of Sudan called for the international prosecution of the U.S. officials behind the airstrike. [3] This type of scenario is exactly that which prompted the United States to join China, Libya, Iraq, Israel, Qatar, and Yemen as the only seven countries in the world voting in opposition to the Rome Treaty for an International Criminal Court ("ICC"). [4] As a Congressional Research Services Report for Congress concluded, "[a]t the core of the U.S. objection to the ICC Treaty is the fear that other nations would use the ICC as a political forum to challenge actions deemed legitimate by responsible governments." [5] Had the ICC been in existence in August 1998, Sudan could have initiated proceedings potentially leading to an international indictment and arrest warrant for the United States personnel responsible for the airstrike on the Al Shiffa plant (possibly including the President, Secretary of Defense, and military commanders involved). [6] As a nonparty to the Treaty of Rome, the U.S. would not be obligated to provide evidence or surrender accused persons within its territory to the ICC in such a proceedi ng. However, under Article 12 of the Rome Treaty, the refusal of the United States to become a party would not bar the ICC from issuing an indictment charging American citizens with war crimes or crimes against humanity committed in the territory of Sudan in response to Sudan's complaint. [7] Such an indictment by an international judicial body could obviously do serious damage to American foreign policy, even if there was no prospect that the accused would ever actually face trial. [8] Since there is little likelihood of preventing the Rome Treaty from coming into force, [9] the Clinton Administration has instead attempted to negate this problem by arguing that international law prohibits the ICC from exercising jurisdiction over the nationals of non-parties. Thus, the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, David Scheffer, testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that "the treaty purports to establish an arrangement whereby U.S. armed forces operating overseas could be conceivably prosecuted by the international court even if the United States has not agreed to be bound by the treaty. ... [T]his is contrary to the most fundamental principles of treaty law. [10] Subsequently, Ambassador Scheffer stated that this constituted the "single most fundamental flaw in the Rome Treaty that makes it impossible for the United States to sign the present text." [11] A few months later, in a speech before the annual meeting of the American Society of International Law, [12] Ambassador Scheffer, drawing upon and citing a preliminary draft of an article by Professor Madeline Morris of Duke Law School, [13] laid out several legal arguments in support of his contention. Initially, Ambassador Scheffer argued that the ICC cannot exercise jurisdiction over U.S. nationals on the basis of the universality principle for three reasons: first, because the Rome Statute rejects that basis of jurisdiction by specifying that the consent of the state of the perpetrator's nationality or the state in whose territory the offense took place is a required pre-condition; [14] second, because some of the crimes within the subject matter jurisdiction of the ICC are not recognized as crimes of universal jurisdiction under customary international law; [15] and third, because universal jurisdiction cannot be delegated to a treaty-based collective international court. …


No. Crof2421 Beamline(s): X18B Plasma spraying of wear resistant WC coatings onto steel machine parts has become a standard method to dramatically prolong their useful life. The use of nano-composite admixtures of elemental Co (at the 10-20% level) and WC powders for this plasma deposition has proved to optimize the wear resistance and durability of these coatings. However, while X-diffraction measurements on the coatings can clearly identify the W-C phases present, the Co component has eluded structural identification, presumably due to its amorphous character. In Figure 1 we compare the Co-K edges of elemental Co and a plasma sprayed WC/Co coating on steel, and wish to note a number of points. The overall chemical shift of the edge remains close to that of elemental Co which argues against any large-scale carbonization or oxidation of the Co in the plasma spray (PS) deposition process. The first peak above the absorption edge, for the elemental-Co case, exhibits a sharp bimodal character whereas for the Co-in-the-coating case a single broadened peak is observed. Indeed, in general, the features for the Co/WC coating are much broader, and of much lower intensity, than the elemental case. This broadening and degradation of the PS coating's spectral features is dramatically apparent in the fine structure (FS) oscillations (over a wider energy range) shown in the inset of Figure 1. This effect indicates the presence of very strong disorder in the PS coating. It is important to note, that the centrum of the FS oscillations of the two spectra coincide rather well. Finally we would like to note that the 5'th positive peak in the FS is clearly split for elementalCo, but is a single broad feature for the Co in the PS coating. Previous shell-by-shell multiple scattering modeling of Fe in an fcc structure [1] bear directly on these Co results. From these calculations it can be inferred that the overall similarity in the FS oscillations in Figure1-inset is consistent with the 1'st and 2'nd coordination shells of the Co in the PS coating being similar to those in elementalCo. Similarly, the loss of the splitting of the 1'st and 5'th peaks in the FS are entirely consistent with the strong disorder reduction in the contributions of the 3'rd and 4'th atomic shells in the amorphous-Co in the PS coating. The dramatic reduction in the amplitude of the FS oscillations in the coating spectrum is consistent with substantial vacancy/disorder effects in the 1'st and 2'nd atomic coordination shells. Thus the XAS results indicate that the Co in the PS WC/Co coating occurs in a highly disordered amorphous metallic phase closely related to elemental Co in the first two coordination shells. References: [1] M. Croft, D. Sills, A. Sahiner,A. F. Jankowski, P. H. Ansari, E. Kemly , F. Lu, Y. Jeon, T. Tsakalakos, Nanostruct. Mat. 9, 413-422(1997) Figure 1. The Co-K spectra of elemental Co and of Co in a plasma sprayed coating of WC/Co. (inset) The fine structure (FS) XAS oscillations above the Co-K edge for these same two materials. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 7.71 7.72 7.73 7.74 7.75 7.76 7.77 Energy (keV) Co WC/Co palsma sprayed coating (PSC)


This study uses numerical modeling to provide a mechanistic discussion of the synthesis of the advanced biofuel candidates, ethyl levulinate and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural, from α/β-d-fructopyranose (d-fructose) in a condensed phase homogeneous ethanol system at 351 K catalyzed by hydrogen cations. A mechanistic comprehension is pursued by detailed measurements of reactant, intermediate, and product species temporal evolutions, as a function of H2SO4 (0.09, 0.22, and 0.32 mol/L) and d-fructose (0.14, 0.29, and 0.43 mol/L) concentrations, also considering the addition of water to the ethanol media (0, 12, and 24 mass % of water in ethanol). d-Fructose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural, ethyl levulinate, and several other intermediate species are quantified as major species fractions at 45–85% of the initial d-fructose mass. To inform the mechanistic discussion, mass-conserved chemically authentic kinetic models and empirical rate constants are derived, each assuming a first-order relationship to...


On January 17 1983 the government decreed the expulsion of "all aliens staying or working illegally" in Nigeria. This decision of the federal government to fully enforce its immigration laws has attracted considerable adverse publicity and comments in the mass media. Most of the press reports are based on a host of misconceptions. In the 1st place there was no order for the mass expulsion of all immigrants -- only those persons who entered Nigeria illegally with no valid travel documents or visas. Secondly the expulsion order was limited only to illegal immigrants with no skills and without jobs. For those illegal immigrants who are gainfully employed the government has agreed that they can stay on provided they regularize their stay by getting work permits within the next fortnight. Thirdly the expulsion order was not directed at any particular group of illlegal immigrants. It is of general application to all unskilled illegal immigrants without any regard to their race color nationality or creed and it is fully consistent with international practice. Contrary to what the press would have the public believe the federal governments order was in no way precipitate and was made only after due consultations with the governments of member states of Economic Community of West African States. Those governments were kept fully informed in advance of the decision of the federal government that for a veriety of legitimate reasons Nigeria could no longer continue to harbor unskilled illegal immigrants. All the governments concerned agreed with the view of the federal government of Nigeria that the expulsion order did not in any way contravene ECOWAS protcols on the free movement of people and goods within the Community. This is why there has been no protest from any of the governments concerned. The order did lead to unnecessary stampede and some hardships which were not intended by the government. Necessary care including the provision of transportation was taken to ensure the safety and orderly evacuation of those who had to leave and the initial confusion and panic would have been avoided had the borders of the receiving country been open at the time. The delay in opening those borders contributed to the hardships to which those being evacuated were exposed. Yet the evacuation has taken place with only a few incidents reported most of it outside Nigerias borders. The federal government as well as all relief agencies in Nigeria are cooperating fully with the UN Secretariat in facilitating UN and other relief assistance to those being evacuated.


This paper introduces the polyethylene pipe, polyethylene production and application of the valve, product classification and methods of supervision and inspection, supervision and inspection role. Details of the polyethylene pressure pipe components, polyethylene valve Supervision, Inspection and the specific content and requirements.


Continuous operation of 2.1 μm wavelength Ga0.84In0.16As0.15Sb0.85 /Al0.27Ga0.73As0.04Sb0.96 double heterostructure injection lasers has been achieved up to a temperature of 190 K for the first time. The laser wafers were grown by liquid phase epitaxy. In pulsed operation, broad area devices with active layer thicknesses of 0.8–1.0 μm exhibited room‐temperature threshold current densities as low as 7 kA/cm2.


Ferric coagulant has been applied in waste water treatment because of its high charge and safety. In this paper, it was investigated that the characteristics of ferric chloride(FeCl3) on phosphorus removal from the secondary effluent of AB process municipal wastewater treatment plant. The effect of coagulant dosage, pH and other factors on phosphorus removal was studied The results showed that when the pH value of water was not adjusted,, by increasing the FeCl3 dosage from 30mg/L to 75mg/L, the total phosphorus of effluent was reduced from 4.92mg/L to 0.44 mg/L. The TP concentration of effluent could achieve the standards of 'Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant'GB 18918-2002 1 Grade A (TP <;0.50mg/L).


ABSTRACT
In this paper I discuss problems inherent to "travelling theories", focusing, in particular, on some of the political consequences of the migration and re-signification of "gender" across borders, oceans,
disciplines, and from theory into the arena of development policy and planning. I argue that although
gender theory has become central to feminist scholarship as an analytical tool for understanding the
construction of social reality as well as in transforming it, the (mis) appropriation of the term "gender" by international and national development agencies (and other organizations of civil society at-large)
has often led to its simplification, particularly insofar as the issue of power relations is concern, losing,
as such, much of its political meaning for feminism. In the case of Brazil, as in other Latin American
countries, this has also contributed to turning women's interests invisible once again, allowing for reinterpretations
of the concept, such that "doing gender" is no always now a part of what "doing
feminism" is all about.
Key Words: travelling theories; feminist theory; gender and development; women


This paper presents method of determination in the regularity change in the branches of a belt drive with an eccentric tensioning roller. On the basis of analysis in the research results identified the recommended belt transmission parameters.


The comparison between element numbers of two sets is discussed. The ratio of element number of a set to that of its subsets is given under the same cardinal level,and some properties are also given.


Fundamental techniques for the multiprocess conventional spinning has been summarized. Researching progress was analyzed concerning the establishment of the mechanical model, the calculation of the spinning force, and the definition of the roller locus. The development tendency is evaluated in the paper.


WC-Co surface reinforced composite was formed by V-EPC (vacuum-expendable pattern casting), and the microstructure of the matrix in the composite was investigated. The results show that the Co addition caused the appearance of granular pearlite and troostite in the matrix, therefore the brittle tendency of the composite was lighten. After the molten steel infiltrating into the preform, the component diffusion in matrix decreased from the substrate to the surface of composite, the composition of the matrix became more uneven, and the formation of the granular pearlite and troostite were facilitated. When the atomic concentration of W and C in the matrix increased, Co3W3C, η type carbide, was easier to separate out. Before the temperature of the composite drop to 1200°C, Co3W3C could precipitate in the interface reaction between the matrix and the tungsten carbide particles, the hardness of the matrix would be increased, and then the abrasive resistance of the composite could be improved.


In Global Navigation Satellite Systems, resilience to multipath remains an important open issue, being the limiting factor in several applications due to the environment specific nature of such harsh propagation conditions. In order to as-sess the multipath impact into the final system performance, accurate metrics are required. The multipath error envelope (MPEE), even if easy to handle, is limited to the study of the bias of a receiver architecture in a noise free environment. Moreover, when it is a flat zero-valued line, the MPEE becomes less informative about the parameter estimation performance. Considering an unbiased estimator, an alternative way to char-acterize an architecture is to evaluate its mean square error (MSE) and compare it to the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). In this work, a methodology to use both aforementioned tools is presented. First, the MPEE, which is an understandable metric. Secondly, the MSE convergence to the CRB, where one can clearly interpret the estimation performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio or minimum path separation. These tools are then applied to a range of known multipath mitigation techniques. In addition, a new alternating projection multipath mitigation approach is proposed and analyzed.


Data from the birth certificates of twins born in New York City showed that the number of previous pregnancies differs significantly when mothers of like‐sex twins are compared to mothers of unlike‐sex twins. Also the number of previous pregnancies of mothers of male‐male twins differed significantly from that of mothers of female‐female twin pairs. The average number of previous pregnancies was adjusted so that the average maternal age was the same for each comparison. This adjustment produced no substantial differences in the original observations.


he question of what motivates an individual has puzzled scholars, scientists , and merchants for centuries. Whether for a noble cause like world peace, or a more personal quest like striving for a promotion at work, or simply choosing a particular breakfast cereal, the driving force behind people's actions has always been a cause for speculation. Advertising firms struggle with these issues constantly, and manufacturers spend millions to read the minds of elusive consumers. The mystery of motivation is significant in dentistry as well, particularly in treatment planning and acceptance, and the effort to understand what will encourage a patient to accept a proposed method of treatment has kept many a practice-management guru busy. Treatment suggestions that seem so obviously beneficial to dentists frequently fail to impress patients when the " spark " to commit is not there. Why not? One theory that attempts to explain motivation is derived from the work of psychologist Abraham Maslow in the 1940s. 1 Maslow's motivational theory states that people's behavior is controlled by both internal and external factors. He emphasized that while humans have the unique ability to make choices and exercise free will, they also have certain needs, which are unchanging and biological in origin. Maslow described these needs as hierarchical, meaning that some needs are more basic or more fundamental than others. Postulating that as these elementary needs are satisfied other needs emerge, he suggested that while every individual is capable of moving up this hierarchy , progress is often disrupted by the failure to satisfy " lower " needs. Maslow noted that only one in 10 individuals reaches the peak of the hierarchy, which he termed " self-actualization, " because our society rewards motivation based primarily on esteem, love, and other social needs, which occupy a lower rank on the ladder (Figure 1). In the years since Maslow's work, self-actualization has come to signify the development of different aspects of the self, aesthetic as well as spiritual. Beauty, well-being, and the appearance of youthfulness are now considered by our society to be important needs that require satisfaction. It may, therefore, be a combination of the patient's position on Maslow's hierarchy and the value society places on appearance that ultimately leads him or her to make a positive decision in reference to aesthetic dental treatment. Clinicians who bear in mind their patients' hierarchy of needs may be able to guide them …


This article presents a design for collecting papers of net examination based on FTP, in the hope of solving the problem of collecting and transmitting test papers in the massive tests . This design can transmit the mesh data orderly and well and reduce the congestion in the massive network test, and it has a strong practical value.


Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of segmented animation with various user control strategies on student achievement. The five user control strategies were Linear User Control (KPL), Random User Control (KPR), Program Controlled (KP), Open User Control (KB) and Without Control (TK). Methodology The research design was quasi-experimental and the research data were analyzed using a quantitative approach. 265 second semester students pursuing their Diploma in Networking System in five polytechnics were involved in the study. A post test was used to measure the learning outcome. Finding Overall, the ANCOVA statistical tests indicated significant differences in post test achievements among students who received different control strategies of segmented animation. Significance – The research findings suggest that segmented animation with appropriate user control strategy is capable of addressing Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction: Vol. 14, No. 2 Dec (2017) information loss limitations. Random user control (KPR) and linear user control (KPL) strategies seem to be useful in allocating appropriate time for students to extract meaningful information from an animation, to be processed in limited short-term memory before it is registered in long-term memory. Both of these strategies are found to capable of improving student achievement.


The spatial correlation of regional errors decreases along with the range between stations increases.So the range between the CORS of the network RTK is mostly in 30km~80km.While the cost of construction and maintenance for network RTK can be reduced by broadening the operating range with the algorithm of long range network RTK.The real time integer ambiguity resolution for base stations and rover stations for networks in long range RTK and the real time error correction for users in rover stations were discussed in this paper.And the software of long range network RTK was completed then.Finally, the data of CORS networks were processed by the algorithm of network RTK to verify its feasibility.


Measurements of sound speed and attenuation were performed over a frequency range from 1 to 400 kHz in the sandy seafloor near Ft. Walton Beach, FL, as part of the 2004 Sediment Acoustics Experiment (SAX04). The measurements at the lowest frequencies, from 1 to 20 kHz, were performed by transmitting tone burst signals from two acoustic sources positioned at depths up to 1 m below the seafloor which were recorded on a 4 m × 4 m array of 35 hydrophones emplaced to depths of between 0.1 and 1 m. Measurements were obtained at frequencies from 40 to 200 kHz with the In Situ Sediment Acoustic Measurement System (ISSAMS), a fixed linear array of four piezoelectric probes. The probes were inserted to a depth of 0.3 m, and the outer two probes were used as transmitters, with the inner probes acting as receivers. Sound-speed measurements were also made at 100, 200, and 400 kHz on diver-collected cores using four separate pairs of ultrasonic transducers. The sound-speed measurements above 40 kHz demonstrate an essentially constant sound-speed ratio with frequency of between 1.165 and 1.175, where the sound-speed ratio is the ratio of the speed through the sand to the speed through the overlying seawater. The sound-speed ratio determined from the low-frequency array data decreased from 1.135 to 1.115 with decreasing frequency below 20 kHz. Uncertainties in the sound-speed ratio values on the order of ±0.02 do not allow meaningful tests of the ability of Biot-Stoll or Buckingham propagation models to describe the observed dispersion. The measured attenuation values show a range from 1 to 120 dB/m with frequency from 1 to 400 kHz. At frequencies above 40 kHz, the attenuation follows a linear trend parallel to the estimates from the Buckingham model, as fit to the data with two free parameters, and at the highest frequencies significantly exceeding the Biot model prediction, as parameterized with values selected from the range of measurements of sediment and pore-water properties made from throughout the SAX04 site. At frequencies below 20 kHz, the data straddle the trends from the two models.


N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methy-laniline(HMA) was compared to N,N-dimethyl aniline(DMA) as cure reaction promoters for an unsaturated polyester resin.It was found that for benzoyl peroxide(BPO) initiation at room temperature,HMA is efficient than the more commonly used DMA,as indicated by decreased cure times or increased peak exotherm and barcol hardness.HMA was used with good results instead of toxic DMA in peroxide crosslinking of unsaturated polyester resin,improving the work environment and the colour of castings.Examination of cured sample using differential scanning calorimetry showed that resins cured with HMA displayed higher glass transtion temperatures and greater degrees of cure than samples cured using DMA.HMA is more active promoter than DMA owing to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond between hydroxide radical and nitrogen atom lead to the poor conjugated of the lone electron pair of nitrogen and π orbit of benzene.Therefore,the electron density of nitrogen is bigger than DMA,the nucleophilicity of promoter HMA is enhanced.


Workflow execution in the cloud is a novel field for processoriented case-based reasoning (PO-CBR). In contrast to traditional POCBR approaches where the focus is usually on single workflow instances, an entire set of workflow instances is considered that are currently running on cloud resources. While traditional methods such as running a workflow management tool monolithically on cloud resources lead to overand under-provisioning problems, other concepts include a very deep integration, where the options for changing the involved workflow management tools and clouds are very limited. In this work, we present the architecture of WFCF, a connector-based integration framework for workflow management tools and clouds to optimize the resource utilization of cloud resources for workflow by Case-Based Reasoning. Experience reuse contributes to an optimized resource provisioning based on solutions for past resource provisioning problems. The approach is illustrated by a real sample workflow from the music mastering domain.


The present invention I to relates to a coating composition and a method for bonding metal, the coating composition according to the invention: 1) dihydro-originating suited bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 2) an acid compound, 3) a leveling agent, and 4) curing agent It includes. The coating composition according to the invention i is also used as an adhesive between the bonding metal material is aluminum, and because it comes out of the adhesive is transparent to a stainless can be in favor of Plaster mix exterior protection and dyes of metal, due to excellent adhesive strength metal It is possible. In addition, it is possible to improve weather resistance is extraordinary that the disadvantages of the conventional epoxy coatings due to this problem since by UV are not yellowing. Since Other smoking viscosity becomes very low, to the easy access to the coating operation using the spray's working efficiency is very good, and heat resistance, wear resistance, scratch property, chemical resistance, insulating property, and the storability is excellent as a coating material for various substrates It can be widely used.


Satellite images can now be used to assess river sediment discharge, and systematic studies over rivers and lakes are required to support such applications and document the variability of inland water optical properties at the watershed scale. The optical properties of the Amazon Basin waters were analyzed from in situ measurements of the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 279 stations and downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd) at 133 stations. Measurements of the apparent optical properties, suspended particulate matter (SPM) contents, and characteristics and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectra were performed during 16 cruises along the main Amazonian Rivers draining the Andes and for some tributaries. Surface‐suspended sediment granulometry and mineralogy showed a stable distribution at the catchment scale, even over large distances and between tributaries. The particle number‐size distribution was best described using a segmented distribution with a slope of 2.2 for the fine range (1–15 µm), and the CDOM absorption coefficient at 440 nm varied from 1.8 to 7.9 m−1. Overall, both Rrs and Kd were strongly correlated with SPM, although strong CDOM absorption limited the use of the blue spectrum. Reflectance saturation from blue to red was observed at approximately 100 g m−3, whereas the near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength enabled the monitoring of the full SPM range (5–620 g m−3). In contrast, Kd showed no saturation for SPM from green to NIR, and a linear model was calculated. The use of the reflectance ratio was investigated and shown to improve the suspended sediment concentration retrieval performance.


This article explores the concept of "visual language" with reference to the poet W. S. Graham and the community of artists he lived near in St Ives, Cornwall between the 1940s and 1980s. By comparing a writer's visual language to that of an artist, one can investigate how the choice of material – poetry or paint – influences one's process and the effect on the reader or viewer. As an example, one of Graham's poems is paired with a painting by Bryan Wynter to pick out key points of comparison and difference, followed by an original poem written in dialogue with these explorations.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PCT and CRP in patients with acute appendicitis. The study was conducted in Kirkuk city for the period from January, 2018 to April, 2018 on 50 patients with acute appendicitis with age group 15-54 years. Based on the clinical signs of patients, diagnostic tests and sonar rays, the number of patients with acute appendicitis was assigned to the present study. The study also included 40 healthy persons as control group . The study included the collection of 3 ml of venous blood for identification and measurement of PCT by using ELISA technique and CRP test by using Commercial
manual kits. The study also included taking of full information from cases like living situation, age . The study indicated that the maximum mean of PCT was observed in patients with acute appendicitis as compared with healthy persons (17.31±0.51 versus 6.22±0.34ng/ml) with highly significant difference between the two groups. The maximum rate of CRP +ve was observed in patients with acute appendicitis as compared with healthy persons (84% versus 10% ng/ml) with highly significant difference between the two groups. The study found that means of WBCs count and neutrophils count were significantly higher in patients
with acute appendicitis as compared with healthy persons. The study showed that there was positive correlation of PCT and CRP with each of WBCs and neutrophil counts and a strong
positive correlation of PCT with CRP in patients with acute appendicitis. The highest rate of patients with acute appendicitis (40%) was in the age group 15-24 years followed by the age
group 25-34 years while the lowest rate was in the age group 45-54 years. It was concluded that PCT and CRP considered as in important non-invasive diagnostic tool of acute bacterial
appendicitis


GPS Bluetooth receiver is a kind of portable and battery power supplying equipment.With the help of wireless technology,it can transmit GPS signal to a display device with Bluetooth interface,and can provide orientation and navigation information to users.According to the character of GPS Bluetooth receiver,this paper presents a method including both hardware and software.The result of experiment proves that this method can be realized and has some advantages such as low costing,small bulk,good reliability,convenient manufacture and easy improving.This method can content the users' demand.


Success is a disputed concept which is difficult to exactly define and quote. This study is related to Software Engineering field in which success factors and perception of key stakeholders (i.e. top management, core team and clients etc.) about software project success is tried to identify. Study postulates that there are so many dimensions which are behind of a successful software project. Success has different meanings and varies according projects to projects in Software Engineering industry. It is due to conflict in determination and selection of success factors among stakeholders. Software project stakeholders may differ based on their organizational culture and related goals, current market structure and their customized needs satisfaction (as a client or end user) from intended use of software. Qualitative technique has been applied by using thematic analysis on articles between the time frame of 1991-2010 with major three keywords of "software project success", "project success" and "perception of stakeholders". Study provides better understanding why there is a divergent view of success which stakeholders of a software project perceives and must need to know. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INF O Artic le history: Received: 23 September 2014; Received in revised form: 25 October 2014; Accepted: 4 November 2014;


Introduction: Vigorous physical exertion, such as a marathon, evokes long lasting changes in the autonomic cardiac regulation and peripheral fatigue. Aim of the study: We investigated changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity simultaneously with the subjective feeling of fatigue from the 67 hours following a race (42.195 km) in 31-year-old male amateur athlete. Methods: The ANS activity was assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability (SA HRV) during orto-clinostatics maneuvers. Both frequency-domain measures and age-dependent complex indexes of the SA HRV were used. Post-race ANS activity was assessed at the beginning of the 7 th , the 19 th , the 34 th , the 44 th , the 58 th , and the 67 th hour of the recovery period. Results: At the 19 th hour after the race, the overall spectral power had risen above the initial level, primarily owing to the prevailing sympathetic activity over the increasing vagal activity. By the 44 th hour, a further significant increase in ANS activity had occurred, this time due to the overriding vagal activity. A high level of subjectively perceived fatigue persisted throughout the entire recovery period monitored. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the ANS activity was completely restored by the 44 th hour of post-marathon recovery. The high level of subjectively perceived fatigue persisted throughout the entire recovery period monitored and was not correlated to the ANS activity.


Disclosed is a method for logging in to a fingerprint recognition-based terminal in a stand-by state. The method comprises the following steps: a fingerprint scanning recognition step: scan and recognize fingerprint information input by a user in a scanning recognition mode; an awakening step: if the fingerprint information is successfully recognized, awaken a main control chip, and send confirmation information of successful fingerprint recognition to the main control chip; and an unlocking step: the main control chip unlocks the terminal after receiving the confirmation information of successful fingerprint recognition so that the user logs in to the terminal successfully. By means of the fingerprint recognition login technology provided in the present invention, the fingerprint scanning detection function is started even in the stand-by state, the recognition and awakening operation can be carried out once input fingerprints are detected through scanning, and therefore the manual awakening operation before starting of the scanning detection function is not needed and the user experience can be improved.


JUST a hundred years ago David Livingstone returned from the first crossing of the Kalahari Desert and his discovery of Lake Ngami. It was my good fortune to make that journey in the opposite direction early in 1950, on a Colonial Development Corporation mission. As far as nature is concerned, there can have been little change in the century that has elapsed, but in methods of travel and subsistence the contrast is enormous. Livingstone's starting point was not far from the present settlement of Gaberones, now on the railway. Our party started from the Victoria Falls, then unknown, and in four large lorries went up the south bank of the Zambezi to a point nearly opposite Sesheke, where Livingstone stayed with his friend Chief Sebituane of the fierce Makololo tribe. Our track then led


Vegetative suckers of a susceptible line of cardamom were inoculated with 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 Meloidogyne incognita. The nematode multiplication and gall formation were assessed at 2,3,4,5 and 6 months after inoculation. Nematode multiplication was inversely proportional to the initial inoculum level. Initial population of 100 and 500 nematodes consistently produced susceptible reactions, G1>2 and R>l. GI and Pf at these levels were significantly different from the rest, 3 months after inoculation. Therefore, an initial inoculum of 500 nematodes and an exposure period of 3 months are recommended for evaluation of resistance in cardamom.


Abstract : Orthophosphoric acid is commonly employed to represent the solution thermodynamics of phosphorus smoke droplets. However, transmission measurements in the 8- to 12-micrometer region demonstrate significant disparities between phosphorus smoke and comparable orthophosphoric acid mists. Since the transmission characteristics in the 8- to 12-micrometer region are primarily due to absorption by specific molecular species, it may be concluded the acid species of a phosphorus smoke is not solely orthophosphoric acid. It is the intent of this study to delineate the expected range of error resulting from the use of an orthophosphoric acid thermodynamic model for the prediction of the physicochemical properties of a phosphorus smoke under tactical conditions. Results show the orthophosphoric acid model underestimates phosphorus smoke acid fractions by as much as 25% for relative humidities less than 90%. The water activity of an arbitrary mixture of condensed phosphoric acids is derived from the orthophosphoric acid water activity model through a solute number reduction scheme. Asserting the acid mixture is 75% pyrophosphoric acid and 25% orthophosphoric acid, phosphorus smoke data are accurately predicted by mixture model calculations.


Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) produce key synovial fluid and tissue components to ensure joint integrity under healthy conditions, whereas they become cancer‐like and aggressively contribute to joint degeneration in inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the SOXC transcription factors SOX4 and SOX11, whose functions are critical in joint development and many cancer types, contribute to FLS activities under normal and inflammatory conditions.


In this work, the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of Al2O3-water/glycerol nanofluids was experimentally investigated under different operating conditions. The influence of different operating parameters such as heat flux, mass flux and sub-cooling temperature, as well as concentration of nanofluids on the convective boiling heat transfer coefficient was studied and discussed. The results demonstrated that two heat transfer regions with different heat transfer mechanisms can be distinguished during the convective boiling of nanofluids, namely single-phase forced convection and two-phase nucleate boiling. The results also showed that with increasing the heat and mass fluxes, the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid increases and with increasing the nanofluid concentration, the heat transfer coefficient decreases which is due to the deposition of nanoparticles on the heater surface. The sub-cooling temperature only influences the onset of nucleate boiling.


Farmer participation in the co-production of knowledge has been claimed to have many benefits, including its capacity to address the knowledge intensiveness and ecological specificity that underpins agroecology. The complexity of agroecological knowledge systems have until now presented considerable challenges to researchers looking to develop research practices adaptable to and commensurate with the integrative ambition of agroecology. As with agroecology in general, participation in research cannot be delivered in a one-size-fits-all approach, with each case needing to be designed on the basis of numerous factors, especially including the needs, objectives, and capacities of diverse participants. This article presents a conceptual framework to explore farmer participation in the co-construction of knowledge in agroecology. Through an exploration of three UK-based participatory research projects we develop a framework to better understand the practical challenges and opportunities for deepening the co-construction of knowledge. Using a combination of field notes, interviews, and survey data, the article concludes by offering practical reflections on ways to co-design research based on the type of knowledge(s) produced, the types of participation envisaged, as well as the needs and capacities of the research participants themselves. The framework presented in the article is offered as a tool to guide early stages of research design in order to balance the complex and changing needs of researchers and their collaborators.


Arizona is at the forefront of Latino population growth and political and racial politics. Three different factors could potentially influence the provision of library service to Latinos in the State of Arizona. These are (1) the growth of the Latino community and the consequent growth of its library needs, (2) the growth of state legislation that is hostile to immigrants and Latinos, and (3) the promotion of a pro-immigrant position by the library profession. This paper compares services to the Spanish-speaking in the State of Arizona from 1999 to 2009 in light of conflicting pro- and anti-immigrant sentiments operating in the state during that decade.


The research deals with lessons and lessons from the mention of the earthly paradise in the Holy Qur'an. It deals with the verses that have a lesson for those who consider it.The truth, Glory be to Him, mentioned the Qur'anic stories for the lesson and the sermon. The research dealt with God's honoring of the son of Adam by harnessing the gardens of the earth for his living. It also dealt with the representation of spending in the way of God in a prosperous paradise, as well as dealing with the representation of the expense of hypocrisy in the burning paradise. Denying the right of the poor to Paradise was a cause of its destruction, and the conclusions and recommendations that have been reached are a summary of the research.


Using a sample of 1 553 married women in the Fujian to test their marriage adaptability,an index of self-happiness,and an index of general emotion.the results of the Logistic regression analysis again show that a less adaptability to their marriage is a key issue to induce a lower index of self-happiness of married women in the Fujian.Finally,We can come to the conclusion that a better adaptability to marriage has a positive effect on the self-happiness of married women in the Fujian.Their psychological health could therefore be improved by increasing the adaptability to marriage and happiness.


Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as one possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children, with the premise that both context and gendered stereotypes regarding the task at hand may influence competitive behavior. A related field experiment on Israeli children shows that only boys react to competition by running faster when competing in a race. We here test if there is a gender gap in running among 7-10 year old Swedish children. We also introduce two female sports, skipping rope and dancing, to see if competitiveness is task dependent. We find no gender difference in reaction to competition in any task; boys and girls compete equally. Studies in different environments with different types of tasks are thus important in order to make generalizable claims about gender differences in competitiveness.


Evidence from the Hansard corpus shows that the passive voice in British English has declined in relative frequency over the last two centuries. We investigate which factors are predictive of whether transitive verb phrases are passivized. We show the increasing im-portance of the person-hierarchy effects observed by Bresnan et al. (2001), with increasing strength of the constraint against passiviz-ing clauses with local agents, as well as the rising prevalence of such agents. Moreover, our ablation experiments on the Wall Street Journal and Hansard corpora provide support for the unmarked information structure of 'given' before 'new' noted by Halliday (1967).


Objective To analyse the MR imaging feathure of early avascular necrosis of femoral head in order to provide the reliable basis of its early diagnosis and treatment.Methods The MR finds of 35 case(55 hip joints) with early ANFH were analysed retrospectively.Results In 55 hip joints,48 ones had the shape of spot,line-form or little lamellar with low signal on T1 weighted and T2 weighted,3 ones showed low signal on T1 weighted and high signal on T2 weighted,4 hip joints displayed mix-intensity.41 hip joints showed line-form sign,of the 41 hip joints,18 ones with single-line sign,23 ones with double-line sign.35 hip joints had Hydrarthrosis.Conclusion MRI could exactly display early ANFH,line-form sign is the representative MR sign for the early diagnosis of ANFH.


The results of researches of the decomposition as a preliminary of burnt by acetic acid of danburite concentrate in the Ak-Arkhar mining of Tajikistan are presented. It is found optimal conditions of the danburite concentrate decomposition.


THE GOAT OR, WHO IS SYLVIA?: A PERFOMANCE AT MIAMI UNIVERSITY By Luis Fernando Midence Diaz The Goat or, who is Sylvia? is a character-driven story about an architect whose life crumbles when he falls in love with a goat. The actual focus of the piece lies on where the boundaries of "love" within an allegedly "liberal" society are, and how incommunicable such inclinations are. The play also features many language games and grammatical arguments in the middle of catastrophes and existential disputes between the characters. As director of the play my production concept integrates two particular fields of my interest and knowledge: theatre and television production. The idea is to bring Albee's absurdist story one step further by combining the live theatre experience with the live television element. Besides a dramaturgical analysis of Albee's play, this thesis further investigates the influence of the classic Greek tradition of tragedy as well as a possible link between Albee's tragic comedy and Shakespeare's The Two Gentlemen of Verona, while also incorporating Bertolt Brecht's theories on Epic Theatre into the analysis and actual performance. THE GOAT OR, WHO IS SYLVIA?: A PERFOMANCE AT MIAMI UNIVERSITY


ABSTRACT The Paleocene Wilcox Big Shale is a subsurface mapping unit traceable by electric-logs across central Louisiana. The Big Shale, which represents the base of a coarsening-upward sequence, is usually 40 to 80 ft (12 to 24 m) thick and is fossiliferous, thinly bedded, poorly sorted, silty clay and sandy silt. A paleoenvironmental investigation finds that the Big Shale sequence in LaSalle Parish, LA represents the prodelta-delta front facies of a Wilcox delta deposited on the inner continental shelf of the Late Paleocene Gulf of Mexico. Paleosalinity of beds within the Big Shale range from normal marine to hyposaline (brackish), reflecting variations in influence of river discharge and delta-lobe development. The paleoclimate of the region was humid subtropical to tropical. Paleoenvironmental data for this investigation are derived from 1) foraminiferal assemblages contained in Big Shale core samples from the Hunt Petroleum A-68 well in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana and from 2) published paleoenvironmental studies of Late Paleocene-Early Eocene stratigraphic units exposed at the surface in northwestern Louisiana and eastern Texas.


The current study presents a robust sensorless control using passivity based control (PBC) combined with high gain observer (HGO). The proposed controller is applied to control the generated doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) active and reactive power installed on a variable speed wind energy conversion system. The control objective is used to regulate independently the DFIG stator active and reactive power, which are decoupled by using the field oriented control technique. Additionally, this process leads to reduce the cost of control scheme by eliminating the speed sensor. Firstly, the DFIG is modeled under the port controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) model, as well as the method of simultaneous injection damping. Then, the DFIG is further modeled by assignment passivity based on the simultaneous injection damping and assignment (SIDA-PBC) control of the obtained model under such conditions and a comparison with the fuzzy sliding mode controller is carried out. Furthermore, the HGO is selected in order to estimate the rotor position and the speed from the measurement of the DFIG currents and voltages, and compared with fuzzy sliding mode observer. For testing the proposed control scheme performance, a 1.5 MW DFIG system is developed and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in the presence of various DFIG parameters variation. Additionally, the control objective is achieved without speed sensor.


Computer network is the core leading course in computer science speciality.In the paper,we import problem-based learning into teaching of computer network from teaching ideas,teaching object and teaching design.The studies can play an im portant role in openness,interactivity,inquiry,system and cooperation for the teaching of computer network.


The variation in the dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) and the urinary pH of dairy cows was examined over the year 1996–97 in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Mineral concentrations in the pasture and dairy cow milk production were also examined. Three farmlets (A, B and C) under different feeding and management systems were used for the purpose of the study. Feeding management was based on grazed grass with stocking rates of 1·4, 2·5 and 4·7 cows ha–1 for farmlets A, B and C respectively. Cows on farmlets B and C received more supplementary feed than those on the A farmlet.

The urine of the cows in each herd was sampled for pH twice monthly, after morning milking. A sample of the feed on offer the previous day was collected and analysed for crude protein, in vitro dry-matter digestibility and macrominerals. Milk yields were recorded on the same day as urine sampling and weather data for the previous day were also collected.

Pasture cation–anion difference was not greatly influenced by stocking rate or associated management practices, although mineral concentrations in pasture did vary. Urine pH was unaffected by changes in climate, management strategies (e.g. stocking rate), season and stage of lactation. Moreover, urine pH was also unaffected by changes in DCAD until the DCAD declined below approximately +15 mequiv. 100 g–1 for two consecutive sampling periods.

It is concluded that when this threshold for DCAD (+15 mequiv. 100 g–1) is breached, even in late lactation, a decrease in urine pH occurs. In south-eastern Australia, the DCAD offered to non-lactating cows in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy, in spring-calving herds, on a pasture-based diet is nearly always above that regarded as optimum in other feeding systems.


Through Fundulus heteroclitus exposed to the poison,the investigate of expression influencing of localization and quantitation benzo(a)pyrene(BaP) and 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2) to ovoid aromatizing enzyme in primary oocyte by use of sections and hybridization in situ,to determine that the influencing of related gene expression in genital system by environmental pollution.The result indicated that BaP reduced the expression intensity of ovoid aromatizing enzyme(P0.05),but EE2 strengthened the expression intensity of ovoid aromatizing enzyme(P0.05).


Biovar A strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum exhibited high hydrophobicity when examined by the method of Rosenberg et al. Biovar B strains showed a lower cell surface hydrophobicity than biovar A strains. Biovar B strains were divided into 2 groups according to their hydrophobic activity. The strains of biovar A and the first group of biovar B were increasingly removed from aqueous phase to octane phase by increasing the volume of octane, but the turbidity of the second group of biovar B was not significantly affected. The hydrophobicity of biovar A strains decreased on heating at 60 and 100°C for 30 min.


*This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. The accurate classification of the primary site and histology of reportable malignancies by cancer registrars requires careful review of the medical records, especially pathology and surgery reports. The pathologic distinction between cancer of the ovary and cancer of extraovarian tissue can be difficult. Extraovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma (EOPPC) is a cancer that arises in the peritoneum and mimics epithelial ovarian cancer in terms of symptoms, microscopic appearance, pattern of spread, treatment, and prognosis. Primary serous carcinoma of the endometrium, fallopian tubes, broad ligament, or other specified female genital organs also may be misdiagnosed as primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Little is known about the epidemiologies of EOPPC and other extraovarian cancers, such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, serous cystadenocarcinoma, and serous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy, that typically arise in ovarian tissue. Published reports are limited to descriptions of small case series. The purpose of this report is to describe the incidence and distribution of selected extraovarian primary cancers by age, race and ethnicity, histology, grade, and stage. Three subsets of potentially misclassified extraovarian cancers that are known to influence the incidence of ovarian cancer were identified: 1) extraovarian cancers of the peritoneum; 2) extraovarian cancers of the endometrium; and 3) extraovarian cancers diagnosed in nonperitoneal and nonendometrial tissue of the corpus uteri, uterus, or other female genital tract organs. The extraovarian cancer subsets were drawn from women diagnosed with cancer between 1992 and 1997 in selected areas of the United States.


The development of cancer nursing research can be traced to changes in society, the nursing profession, and knowledge about cancer and cancer care. Its appearance as a collective activity was preceded by the emergence of research as a criterion for professional nursing and the development of cancer nursing as a field of specialized practice. The focus of cancer nursing research was influenced by nursing's traditional interest in the care and comfort of people, the exposure of nurses to new ideas through graduate education, and observations made by nurses during clinical contacts with patients and families. The state of the art is impressive given the consistency of its orientation toward the production of knowledge bearing on the well-being of those being served.


There appears to be a growing international recognition of postpartum depression as a significant public health concern. This paper determined the prevalence and psycho‐socio‐demographic predictors of postpartum depression symptomatology and its constancy over 12‐week postpartum in Mazandaran province Iranian women.