Whether conflicts among TMT members could be effectively resolved is one of important factors influencing firm performances.Rather than investigating demographic information that has been heavily researched in existing literature,the impact of TMT members' value congruence on the two types of conflicts(task-type and of relation-type conflicts) were examined theoretically.TMT data collected in 118 firms from telecom industry were analyzed.It is found that value the congruence would influence relation-type conflicts among TMT members negatively,which in turn,have impacts on employee outcomes.The moderating effects of firm environment were also tested.Results show that negative influence of relation-type conflicts between TMT members becomes stronger in a competitive firm environment than in a less competitive firm one.


Because of its membrane-impermeant-properties Lucifer Yellow-CH (LY) is regarded by animal cell biologists as an ideal tracer for fluid-phase endocytosis. When presented to plant cells or protoplasts this fluoroprobe accumulates in the vacuole. On the other hand there are many cases where LY does not enter the vacuole when loaded into the plant cytosol. These, superficially divergent, results have previously been explained in terms of endocytosis whereby access to the vacuole is considered to occur through vesicle transport. This interpretation has now been challenged in three recent papers where the benzoic acid derivative, probenecid, has been shown to prevent vacuolar LY accumulation in plants. Since probenecid is a well-known inhibitor of organic anion transport in animal cells it has been argued that anion carriers capable of transporting LY might also exist at the plasma membrane and tonoplast of plant cells. Unfortunately probenecid has rarely, if ever, been used in plant transport studies. The fact that it is a weak acid, whose inhibitory effects are observed at concentrations of around 1 mM suggests that caution should prevail when interpreting results obtained with probenecid. The purpose of this article is therefore to highlight the current controversy surrounding LY uptake by plants and to critically evaluate the recent probenecid data.


The covering device (1) has a main portion which partially covers a vertical housing opening (3) of a housing (4) of a desk fan device (10). A veneer element is coupled to the housing opening by using a sliding guide. A predetermined opening angle (8) is formed between a closing position and an opening position (1') of the main portion with respect to a pivotable vertical line (7). An independent claim is included for the desk fan device.


The following paper presents the processing of the piece on the machining centre. When the technological dimensional structures are optimal, they are similar to the dimensional structure of the piece. This similarity is ensured by using a marker of the machining centre – the axle of the revolving table. However, the piece has to be resized. It can be done in several variants with different machining accuracy required.


Fery Kusuma Dian Pratama, NIT. 50135025.T, 2017 "Analysis of the Slow Condensation of Freon in the Condenser of Food Refrigeration Machine". Program Diploma IV, Technical, Marchant Marine Polytechnic of Semarang, 1st Supervision: Edy Warsopurnomo, MM, M.Mar,E and 2nd Supervision: R.A.J Susilo Hadi Wibowo S.IP, M.M
The cooling machine is a series of auxiliary machining machines capable of working to produce cold temperatures or temperatures. The cooling machine is divided into two refrigerators and accommodation cooling machines. The refrigerator has 4 main components: Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valve, and Evaporatore. Refrigerator itself has a very important role that is preserving foodstuffs in order to survive longer for the purposes of crew ship in a long period of time during the voyage. The method used in this thesis is Qualitative Descriptive method with ultrasound as a method to determine the priority of the problem. The problem formulation of this research is what factors lead to the slow condensation of freon on the condenser, how efforts to facilitate the occurrence of condenser condensation of freon. The results of this study concluded that the cause of the slow condensation of condenser is the condensation of condenser pipes, the presence of air in the condenser, leakage of the condenser, the lack of cooling water in the condenser and the lack of freon in the installation. Efforts made to facilitate the condensation of freon condensation is to clean the condenser pipes, remove the air in the condenser, increase the cooling water supply in the condenser and increase the freon in the installation.
Keywords: Refrigerator, Condenser, USG.


OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid and nondestructive method with near infrared (NIR) transmission spectroscopy for the fast detection of the purifying process of Fructus Aurantii extracts. METHODS Partial least square regression (PLSR) was applied to build the calibration models, and the contents of constituents were determined by HPLC as reference values. RESULTS Root mean square errors of Cross-Validation (RMSECV) obtained by PLS model for naringin and neohesperidin were 0.677 and 0.554 respectively, and root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.363 and 0.264 respectively. CONCLUSION The results show that the proposed method can be applied for fast detection in the herbal medicine purifying process.


Personalizing care is at the heart of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) 2020–2021 President Dr. Eva Chalas' initiative to "Revisit the Visit." As obstetrician-gynecologists, we care for patients across the entirety of their life. This role gives us the opportunity to form long-term partnerships with women to address important preventive health care measures. Dr. Chalas established a Presidential Task Force that identified 5 areas of preventive health that significantly influence the long-term morbidity of women: obesity, cardiovascular disease, preconception counseling, diabetes, and cancer risk. The annual visit can serve as a particularly impactful point of care to achieve specific preventive care objectives and offer mitigation strategies based on patient-specific risk factors. We are uniquely positioned to identify and initiate the conversation and subsequently manage, treat, and address these critical health areas.


ere are exceptions to Terseness, and some of these Nunes' account predicts. is venue doesn't provide the space to consider these exceptions, or how they t Nunes' project, so I will set them aside and concentrate on the normal case, in which Terseness holds. Nunes' leading idea is that movement creates a structure that the linearization algorithm can interpret only if Terseness holds. Nunes' account has two parts. First, he adopts the Copy eory ofMovement (2).


Based on open-source 3-D graphics engine OSG technique, this paper expounds the framework and function modules of a virtual training scenario editing system of emergency disposal based on VR. Taking a hazmat leakage accident on the road as an example, the prototype system was implemented. Research shows that the scenario editing system can be used to build all kinds of training simulation scenarios with a highly 3-D immersive virtual environment, which provides a general modular computer-based simulation training platform for the fire department to carry out the training of emergency rescue command and research on emergency rescue tactics.


: This is a paper on engineering design and the need for Artificial Intelligence to support design engineers of all disciplines and working in multinational environments. Consideration is given to the creation of a global Knowledge Based System to support co-ordinated multinational design and the issues involved in implementing this strategy. The issue of design diversity is considered with respect to the influence of culture on design and our hypothesis of the existence of cultural knowledge. A case study is presented to support this hypothesis.


A recent author has proposed a system incorporating a delay line to detect pulses of energy less than kT. In this letter, it is pointed out that the detection of pulses of energy less than kT, by means of conventional active filters, is commonplace in the field of electronic engineering.


INTRODUCTION PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT at postsecondary institutions is dynamic, expanding and contracting in response to internal and external factors. This was recently evident following the 2008 recession when, as a result of funding cuts, many state legislatures focused on closing programs. While lean economic times often prompt a focus on program reduction, these actions are usually met with resistance from faculty and run contrary to broader goals of fostering academic growth. To stay relevant, universities must update degree offerings and alter programs of study to incorporate new and emerging knowledge bases. This allows institutions to further advancements in academia and be responsive to societal needs. Proper program maintenance requires an awareness of the factors that influence these decisions, a balance between suspending and creating programs, and the involvement of several layers of administration and faculty. Lee and Van Horn (1983) describe the need for academic planning and the necessity of cross-institutional responsibility: Given the expected future of educational institutions and the complexities of the current and anticipated future externalities, it will be increasingly important for schools, departments, institutes, offices, and their chairs, directors, deans, and the like, to not only participate in management planning but also to be ready to accept the results. (p. 13) Understanding the complex hurdles facing program management at postsecondary institutions is the charge of all involved parties and is important for establishing growth. A strong grasp of the administrative processes tied to program management aids in judicious program development. A well-informed approach to academic planning should include a calculated enhancement of program offerings. Without this, degree options grow stagnant. In contrast, institutions that foster new research and incorporate emerging knowledge in their programs remain current. This approach better prepares students to take an active role in their field. Central to proper program management is program development, which is divided into two steps: curriculum development and program approval. Curriculum development is the responsibility of the faculty, the stewards of the discipline, and program approval is an administrative function that involves university governance and state regulations. While much has been written about the former, there is little research on the latter. To properly plan for future growth, it is important to develop an understanding of the administrative requirements for program approval. Studies of the curriculum in postsecondary programs are abundant. While they provide little insight into the administrative approval process, they do provide information on the front end of program development, which aids in placing administrative approval for new programs in the context of the overall process. Articles and monographs exist on curriculum development, change management for curriculum, curriculum organization, and a multitude of other subcategories of interests (Cowan, George, and Pinheiro-Torres 2004; Jansen 2004; Morris, Haseltine, and Williams 2007). The curricula these writings address are bounded by a number of parameters; they have been dedicated to specific disciplines, countries, and institutions, all with the goal of establishing best practices for course and degree creation. Articles on multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary programs include information on the role of university administration in program development. The lack of a single line of approval through one college requires increased coordination across the university. As a result, reviews of multidisciplinary endeavors often describe the role of central administration in the process. The need to place these programs in an academic home, the role of the provost in the planning stages, the outcome of waning administrative support, the restrictions due to academic structures and traditions, and the need for proper resourcing are often addressed in articles on multidisciplinary programs (Abbot 2001; Manathunga, Lant, and Mellick 2006; McFadden et al. …


Mini/micro nozzles are used in digital propulsion systems for generating milli/micro thrust. Such systems are used in satellites for precise control and positioning. The measurement of milli thrust which is of the order of few Newton requires specialized measuring systems. In the present work, a force sensing resistor (FSR) is used to measure such low valued thrust. A commercially available FSR is calibrated using standard weights. The FSR response to added loads is recorded using a NI-DAQ (National Instruments - Data Acquisition) system and signals are analyzed using LabView package in a desktop. The calibrated values match well with the standard charts and percentage of error is calculated. The thrust produced by the fabricated nozzle setup is measured using FSR in the same arrangement and compared with the analytical equations. The measured values are in good agreement with analytical results.


Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, 1113 S bas.bg; Web: http://www.orgchm.bas.bg/ i2 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department ku, Tokyo 152, Japan Roskilde University, Department of Science, Denmark † This paper is dedicated to Prof. Nikol quantum chemistry in Bulgaria, memorab ‡ Electronic supplementary informa 10.1039/c5ra20057a Cite this: RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 102495


This paper reports on work in progress to develop a wavelet-based method of outcome prediction after DC countershock. The method correlates return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with features of the wavelet-based power spectra derived from the ECG during ventricular fibrillation.


The physical and chemical factors and the concentrations of ammonia,nitrite,nitrate,phosphorous,and COD of the Tianjin coastal seawater were investigated from October 2007 to August 2008.The spatial and temporal variations of nutrition,as well as the eutrophication level and type,were discussed.The concentra-tions of inorganic nitrogen,inorganic phosphorous,and COD reached the highest values on October 2007.Most of the nitrogen concentrations were higher than the forth-rate seawater standard of China.In addition,the nitrogen contents in summer and autumn were higher than those in winter and spring because of the contribu-tion of surface runoff.The concentrations of phosphorus were relative low,and the N/P values indicated the phosphorus might become the limiting factors to phytoplankton growth.The results of eutrophication type assessment showed moderate phosphorus limited potential nutritional status of seawater in August 2008.The eutrophication indice of all the sampling months were higher than 1 except for the value of March 2008 in Caijiapu,.The highest value of eutrophication indices,64,occurred on October 2007.


This article does nothing to advance the leading edge of system documentation. With luck, however, it may be useful to a few people.


In this paper,a discussion is made on the conception and classification of furniture woodworking machinery between Chinese Taiwan and Chinese Mainland.A summary description is given of the development course and current situation of the furniture woodworking machinery industry in Taiwan,and its characteristics and predominance.Subsequently some salutary lessons are put forward which are useful to the furniture woodworking machinery industry in Chinese mainland.


Background. Forearm fractures are the most frequent fractures in children and adolescents and they are more common in males than in females. In the last 20 years the increase of surgical indications have resulted in more complications, among them the non-unions, considered extremely rare and severe in children, have increased in incidence. We report a successful treatment of misdiagnosed forearm atrophic non-union with severe osteolysis using fibula allograft and autograft growth factors in a previously healthy 4-year-old child. Clinical case. A 4 year-old boy presented to our hospital with massive bone loss and a negative bone biopsy for Gorham-Stout Syndrome, he also showed reactive bone tissue with abnormal vascularity, necrotic osteocartilaginous fragments and giant mononucleated cells. Other lab tests did not show any modifications, so all the causes of paediatric osteolysis were ruled out. He had already undergone a few surgeries on that fracture and we performed others before achieving a good result, obtained with an autologous fibula graft with medullary growth factors stabilized with Kirschner wire. At the follow up 28 months later, the patient showed total consolidation of the initial area of nonunion, no neurovascular deficit and no joint deficiency. Discussion. Non-union in paediatric patients is rare and therefore difficult to treat and diagnose. Since all of our tests ruled out the main causes of paediatric non-union, we managed the case with strategies usually applied to adult patients, carefully respecting the growth plates. Conclusion. Although this is a single-case report, it underlines the importance of early diagnosis, the difficulty to rule out some pediatric causes of bone loss and the complicances of a wrong diagnosis/treatment. It also shows that the use of allograft bone and autograft growth factors in a pediatric patient, who has undergone multiple surgeries, can lead to excellent results


All international organizations exists in the conceptual and legal space between state sovereignty and legal obligation. They are created by the commitments made by sovereign states, and their purpose is to bind those states to their commitments. This chapter examines three forces in world politics: the commitments states make to international organizations, the choices states make regarding compliance and non-compliance with those commitments, and the powers of enforcement held by each international organization. Some international organizations are able to coerce their member states into complying with their commitments: for instance, the UN Security Council has a military component and the IMF has coercive leverage over its borrowers. But far more commonly they are left to find ways to cajole or induce compliance from their members. In each organization, the particular relationship between obligation, compliance, and enforcement is different, and these differences create interesting patterns of politics. The main problems of international economics and international politics are at some level also problems of international organization. As interdependence increases, the importance of international organizations increases with it. We find international organizations in one form or another at the heart of all of the political and economic challenges of the twenty-first century. From international credit markets to endangered species to torture, today's leading controversies all involve some measure of international cooperation and commitment, managed through a formalized international organization (IO). Some IOs work well and some work hardly at all; some need reform, some need abolishing, and some need strengthening.


Sport Facilities facing some problems related to the comfort felt by the player. The static air conditions are common during indoor exercise. High level humidity in the air is not very supportive to the process of evaporation of sweat that is needed when exercising. This condition can make people can do their activities well because discomfort feel by the player during the game, as well as spectator feel. This paper presenting objectives thermal comfort measurement felt by the player and spectator of sport facilities. The research approach used qualitative research, by measuring the climatic factors (air temperature, wind speed, air humidity), insulation of cloth and activity. By using PMVPDD index, then the all the parameter to describe thermal sensation. The results showed that player and spectator have different thermal sensation of those sport facilities. Sports facility in West Java gave a warm thermal sensation to heat. This means that sports facilities do not provide thermal comfort. Keywords—thermal comfort; sport facilities; PMV-PDD index


The invention discloses an ophthalmic lens element. The lens element includes a front surface and a rear surface, at least one which includes a horizontal meridian and a vertical meridian. A central region of the lens element includes a foveal vision zone providing a first power for providing clear foveal vision for a wearer. A peripheral region of positive power relative to the first power is also included. The peripheral region includes dual progressive zones located bilaterally of the vertical meridian and extending radially outwardly from the central region. The lens element provides a distribution of surface astigmatism which provides, on the horizontal meridian, a relatively low surface astigmatism in the central region and the progressive zones.


The paper is devoted to results connecting the eigenvalues and singular values of operators composed by $P^\ast G P$ with those composed in the same way by $QG^{−1}Q^\ast$. Here $P +Q = I$ are skew complementary projections on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space and $G$ is a positive definite linear operator on this space. Also discussed are graph theoretic interpretations of one of the results.


Sir, Cutaneous wart is a common skin disease and although multiple treatment options are available, none is completely effective.[1,2] Recurrences after destructive treatment are common and can be frustrating. Immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone and squaric acid dibutyl ester can cause allergic reactions. Risk of oncogenic potential of the virus is associated with autologous vaccine therapy.[3] Good therapeutic results were reported with immunotherapy using Candida, Trychophyton measles, mumps, rubella and tuberculin purified protein derivative antigens which are safe and inexpensive.[4]


In this thesis we propose a Dynamic Deformable Template (DDT) using a Stable Mass Spring Model (SMSM). In our work, we combine the idea of deformable templates and physically based models in the proposed DDTs. A DDT is a template whose deformation is governed by its physical properties. We use two different strategies for generating a DDT. Handcrafted DDTs are those whose structural descriptions are specific to the shape of the object class and vary among the classes. Rectangular grid DDTs are structurally equal for all the shape classes and capable of sampling space around the object as well. Object specific shape information is introduced in to the templates as model forces. We also experimented with two different matching quality measures: global and local measures. The first one measures the quality of global fitting of the templates and the second one measures the quality of fitting of the templates at local level. The first measure can be applied to both types of templates. The second measure can only be applied to the rectangular grid DDTs as it requires comparison between corresponding parts of templates. We used handwritten digits from the MNIST database to investigate the capabilities of the proposed DDTs and the matching measures. We compared performances of trained and untrained DDTs. We investigated whether the deformation mechanism appropriately represents variation within a morphology class of a digit and whether training improves the performance of DDTs. The comparison between global and local measures for the template match is motivated by the question whether a useful measure for the template match exists. The findings of this thesis are that i) the idea of combining PBMs and deformable templates works successfully, ii) the general description of templates has more potential than the object specific description, iii) training does improve the performance iv) local measures are proved to be better template matching criteria than the global measure.


ABSTRACT The Pilauco site, in northwestern Chilean Patagonia, presents evidence of human occupation in South America ca. 16,500 cal yr BP. This article presents the techno-functional analysis of a unifacial artifact belonging to a 17,300 cal yr BP level, found in association with five other lithic pieces. Artifacts of this type have long been considered expedient rather than formal or curated pieces. These artifacts remain in the shadow of bifacial pieces, particularly so-called projectile points. The results of the techno-functional analysis made it possible to diagnose the unifacial artifact as a plano-convex volumetric structure with two parallel backs, on which two different tools were produced at different manufacturing stages via the technical operations of affordance, debitage, and shaping. The detailed description of this type of artifact is crucial for a more complete definition of the technical phenomena associated with the first occupations in South America.


The Digital India project of the Indian government has pushed banks and other financial institutions to use cloud computing. Because of this, cloud computing has experienced rapid expansion across all industries. Many enterprises in the public and private sectors have begun to use cloud computing as their preferred method for storing and analysing data that can be accessed from any location at any time. The cost of managing both technical and physical infrastructure has decreased as a result of cloud computing. After adopting cloud computing as a means of storing data and analysing security frameworks while retaining privacy, the banking sector in particular has experienced significant growth. With the introduction of cloud computing, the banking services sector is still subject to stringent regulatory and compliance frameworks to uphold data privacy and system security. We will study about cloud computing and how it affects the banking industry in this document. Along with that, we'll learn about some potential cloud computing trends for the banking industry.


We commend the efforts of García-Hermoso and colleagues (1), whose recent meta-analysis concluded that highintensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective for improving systolic blood pressure (SBP) and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) than other forms of exercise in overweight and obese youth. However, while this is a timely article, we feel that the conclusions need to be contextualized with regards to important methodological constraints. Considering that this meta-analysis may shape health practitioner practice and public health policy, we strongly feel that these limitations should be addressed. The methodological constraints include the following: (i) limited number of trials – only five trials reported SBP, and only six reported V ̇O2max. Further, the authors admit that the quality of included trials was generally poor. (ii) Poorly characterized outcomes – for example, the six trials that reported V ̇O2max used a variety of measures, including differing exercise modalities and use of submaximal V ̇O2max estimation. (iii) Shifting baseline – the authors do not use a true control group, instead comparing the HIIT intervention to 'other exercise'. The 'other exercise' groups vary widely in terms of exercise prescribed, with some 'control' groups arguably prescribed elements of HIIT, making it difficult to discern the true effect (and directionality) of HIIT prescription. Further, HIIT is loosely defined and dependent upon a seemingly infinite number of combinations of differing factors, including exercise modality, number of repetitions, work interval intensity and duration, among others. (iv) Inappropriate subgroup analysis – the authors do attempt to compensate for the lack of a true control group through sub-group analysis, comparing HIIT to different types of comparison exercise groups. However, only three trials were included in the V ̇O2max subgroup analysis. (v) Poor adherence to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines (2) – for example, simple summary data should be reported for each intervention and control group to enable the reader to infer directionality. Further, additional analyses are poorly described; the meta-regression is poorly rationalized and difficult to interpret. The limitations of this study are alluded to but not explored. (vi) Poor participant inclusion criteria – inclusion of pre-adolescent and postadolescent children. A 6-year-old child will demonstrate a very different physiological response to exercise compared with a 17-year-old youth, largely due to age-dependent metabolic and musculoskeletal differences (3). Further, the authors reported that the weighted mean difference for SBP was 3.67mmHg, which is a greater relative change in a 6-year-old child with an expected resting SBP of ~96mmHg, compared with a 17-year-old adolescent with an expected resting SBP of ~118mmHg (4). Arguably more important than the methodological constraints is the lack of adequate consideration for clinical inference, implementation science and importance to public health. With regard to clinical inference, the weighted mean difference was 1.92mLkg min 1 for V ̇O2max and 3.67mmHg for SBP, both of which are within respective measurement error (5,6). As such, it is difficult to discern the clinical importance of such small changes. In terms of implementation and public health, HIIT may overcome the time barrier to exercise adherence, but there are a number of additional considerations that need to be addressed. Queries such as, but not limited to: should HIIT be tailored to the age and gender of the child? Will this form of exercise prescription put obese children at increased risk for musculoskeletal injury? Should some form of priming period precede the implementation of HIIT, i.e., should HIIT be employed following a period of strength training, which has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological wellness in obese children, and is well-tolerated? (7,8) Will this form of exercise be enjoyable and sustainable? With regards to the last point, the authors cite one of our previous studies (9) as support for HIIT being more enjoyable compared to other forms of exercise. However, our previous study investigated a high intensity games intervention, not HIIT per se, and we did not compare the games intervention to other forms of exercise (9). Lastly, what kinds of physical resources and obesity reviews doi: 10.1111/obr.12451


BACKGROUND
Leprosy has been a major public-health problem in many developing countries for centuries. According to the National Leprosy Elimination Programme report of March 2012, there were a total of about 0.13 million cases of leprosy in India, 9.7% of which were children. Numerous studies have investigated child leprosy amongst reported cases however, studies pertaining to proportion and characteristics of undetected childhood cases in the community are very few.

AIM
To examine the clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological characteristics of newly detected child leprosy cases in the community.

METHODS
The population survey conducted from June to September 2007 and the defined rural areas, which included five primary health centers of Panvel Taluka, in Raigad district and urban areas, which included M-east ward of the municipal corporation of greater Mumbai of western Maharashtra, India.

RESULTS
House-to-house survey yielded 32 and 37 so far, undetected child cases of leprosy in the rural and urban region, and the prevalence rate was 10.5 and 1.5 per 10,000, respectively. The age of child leprosy cases detected, ranged from 3 to 14 years with a mean of 10.06 ± 3.35 years in the rural and 9.97 ± 3.12 years in the urban area. Most of the cases were paucibacillary (62%). A large proportion of children (49%) had single skin lesion (SSL). Of the 19 SSL cases examined histopathologically, 15 (99%) showed features of borderline tuberculoid, 1 (5%) borderline lepromatous and 3 (16%) had indeterminate type of leprosy. Tuberculoid leprosy was not seen in any, indicating less likelihood of self-healing. Overall, three cases had deformity (grade 1 = 1 and grade 2 = 2) and 31% of multibacillary cases were smear positive.

CONCLUSION
The clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological characteristics of newly detected child cases in the community evidently indicate the grave nature of the problem of undetected child leprosy, recent active transmission, and highlight implications on individual patients and the community.

KEY MESSAGE
Most of the cases were paucibacillary (62%). A large proportion of children (49%) had SSL and (55%) had it on the face followed by arms and leg (27%) and trunk (17%). The mean duration of symptoms exceeded one year which can be attributed to poor knowledge of leprosy or barriers in access to health care or its utilization.


The border region of Bosnia and Herzegovina has characteristics of a problem area with an emphasized depopulation process, accompanied by poor economic development and infrastructural disconnection. Along with the mentioned reasons, the appearance of isolation and peripherality, and given the specific geopolitical circumstances, the problems in certain border areas differ from each other (a high level of ethnic conflict and distrust, then the problem of refugees and forced migrants, the slow process of economic transition and many others). The subject of the research in this paper will be related to the analysis and the role of transborder cooperation as a relatively new way of policy in the field of cooperation between political-territorial units, whose goal and function, regarding the geospatial of Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular, is the formation of perspective transborder regions. Also, the aim of the paper would point out that the planning of these areas through the concept of transborder cooperation in the context of political and geographical valorisation represents one of the guidelines, not only for revitalization of the border area in economic terms, but also as a guideline of the future concept of ethnic tolerance and geopolitical stability of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Western Balkans countries in general. Realiyation of the work is planned by complex general and special methods and techniques of data processing (statistical, cartographic, GIS analysis), in accordance with historical, structural, functional and dialectical methodological approach, then by determining the development functions of the border space, and monitoring of political and geographical processes and problems.


Abstract : The purpose of this study was to identify and document solutions to some of the problems that can occur during the development and implementation of real-time embedded Ada applications. The generic Ada problems that are addressed in this report were defined in a previous study. The study was performed using a three-step approach. During the first phase, theoretical solutions were proposed for the generic Ada problems. These theoretical solutions were based on actual Ada development experience and our understanding of the Ada language and its runtime system (RTS). During the second phase, Ada developers that had current or recent experience in developing Ada projects were interviewed to provide empirical solution data. To complete the study, the theoretical and actual solutions were compared, the similarities and differences between these solutions were analyzed, and this data was used to develop conclusions and recommendations. As a result of this study, a number of solutions were identified for the generic Ada problems. Some of the solutions are purely theoretical and may or may not be practical. Other solutions are proven, having actually been implemented by Ada developers on their projects. The solutions were categorized according to their characteristics: short-term vs. long-term, preventive vs. remedial, and approach (technical, management, tools, or methodology). (kr)


An analytical model is proposed to determine the expressions of the semiconductor optical gain coefficient by using the special functions. These expressions differ from the standard numerical calculations approaches and they involve sums of the polylogarithm and incomplete gamma functions. One of the calculation results presented here reproduces formulae developed in the study. The new formulae obtained here provide a sufficient way to calculate the semiconductor optical gain on the total carrier density and temperature in the semiconductor lasers. The obtained analytical expression gives an accurate and precise evaluation of the semiconductor gain function. The performance of the proposed formula is confirmed by its implementation of the different values of the parameter. The sufficiency obtained results of this approach was confirmed by the other literature data.


Recent investigations have supported the hypothesis on relationship between different personality traits and both happiness and resilience. This relationship can be more critical in women due to their important role in economic and social development programs. Hence, the present study attempted to assess relationship of personality traits with resilience and happiness in women. In this prospective correlational study conducted during the two months from April to May 2013, 388 women were randomly selected from all housewives and working women who were resident in Tehran. Three psychological questionnaires of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess study endpoints of personality traits, happiness, and resilience, respectively. Regarding the relation between personality traits and happiness (assessed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient test), happiness was related to all five components of personality traits including Neuroticism, Extraversion, Flexibility, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Extraversion being an exception, other domains of personality traits was correlated with selfconcept. In addition, except for Agreeableness, other personality traits were related with psychological alertness. Self-efficacy was also associated with the personality traits of Extraversion, Flexibility, and Conscientiousness. Life satisfaction and Hopefulness were only associated with Neuroticism component of personality. With respect to association between personality traits and resilience, Neuroticism was negatively and Extraversion, Flexibility, and Conscientiousness were positively associated with the level of resilience. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed significant effects of the components of Extraversion and Flexibility on total score of happiness. Additionally, in another regression analysis, significant influence of some personality traits including Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Flexibility on total score of resilience was confirmed. Personality traits can potentially affect different aspects of happiness and resilience in women. Hence, women with stabilized personality are accordingly happy and resilient.


In the paper the LC resonance issue is addressed. An approach is discussed based on normalized parameters modeling the conditions under which detrimental EMC resonance effects may occur. The analysis starts from a case-study circuit, where closed-form expressions are derived together with normalized figures of merit. Then, a meaningful example is provided showing that spectral phenomena possibly leading to fail of EMC compliance may be due to resonance with very high-order harmonic frequencies. The proposed approach enable a quick understanding of the effects of the involved circuit parameters, and hence provide a designer a method for troubleshooting and resolution of resonance issues.


155 Background: There has been no nationwide survey on CINV or validation of the guideline in Japan. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of CINV in gastric cancer patientstreated with chemotherapy for the first time. Methods: A nationwide survey on CINV was conducted by the CINV study group of Japan. 108 institutions participated in the study. A 7-day diary for CINV was provided to the patients prior to chemotherapy to record the daily occurrence and severity of CINV and the amount of food intake. Acute and delayed CINV was defined as nausea and vomiting which developed within or later than 24 hours after the start of chemotherapy, respectively. We evaluated the frequency and the risk factors of CINV. The medical staff also filled out questionnaires about their patients' CINV. Results: A total of 154 patients were registered during the period from April 2011 to December 2012. There were 109 males and 45 females with a median age of 65 (range: 25-82). HEC was given to 152 and MEC was adm...


Objectives: Data are limited regarding the relationship of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet/ lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with neurological symptoms (NS) in COVID-19 patients. This study is the first to assess the utility of the NLR, MLR, and PLR for predicting COVID-19 severity in infected patients with NS. Materials and Methods: Consecutive 192 PCR-positive COVID-19 patients with NS were included in this cross-sectional and prospective study. The patients were classified into the non-severe and severe groups. We analyzed routinely complete blood count in these groups in terms of COVID-19 disease severity. Results: Advanced age, a higher body mass index, and comorbidities were significantly more common in the severe group (P < 0.001). Among the NS, anosmia (P = 0.001) and memory loss (P = 0.041) were significantly more common in the non-severe group. In the severe group, the lymphocytes and monocyte counts and the hemoglobin level were significantly lower, while the neutrophil count, NLR, and PLR were significantly higher (all P < 0.001). In the multivariate model, advanced age and a higher neutrophil count were independently associated with severe disease (both P < 0.001) but the NLR and PLR were not (both P > 0.05). Conclusion: We found positive associations of COVID-19 severity with the NLR and PLR in infected patients with NS. Further research is required to shed more light on the role of neurological involvement in disease prognosis and outcomes.


In December 2001 the then Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR but now currently the Office for the Deputy Prime Minister, hereafter referred to as ODPM) issued the tender document it had promised for the review and update of 5/94 Planning Out Crime (Home Office, 1994) The specification was for good practice guidance on planning out crime to be written within 6 months. Notwithstanding this exercise, the writer contends that in the face of the research, literature, legislation and expertise in relation to designing out crime, papers issued by ODPM and the form of the tender document itself demonstrate that it remains uncommitted to many of the accepted principles of design‐against‐crime and to the cross‐cutting crime reduction obligations of the police and local authorities under the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. The author anticipates that this lack of commitment may be evident in the forthcoming revised planning out crime guidance and suggests possible approaches to this potentially influential document.


This paper investigates the joint optimization problem of user scheduling, user association, and resource partition in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNet) with a general concave utility function used as the performance metric. We formulate the joint optimization problem, and decouple the problem into three sub problems. After proving the sub problems belong to the set of problems that maximizes a monotone sub modular set function with mastoid constraint, we solve them by the proposed greedy based algorithms with theoretical approximation factors. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms in terms of system utility. In addition, we evaluate some assumptions and results in the related work to show their impacts and correctness.


Poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate)(PSS)-decorated carbon black was prepared by one step in situ ball milling method.The resulting carbon black exhibited a superb stability in aqueous medium according to the results of particle size analysis and centrifugal sedimentation.Natural rubber(NR)filled with this kind of hydrophilic carbon black by employing a latex compounding technique was prepared.The composite was characterized and tested by mechanics performance testing,Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),bound rubber content and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA).Owing to the homogeneous distribution of carbon black in matrix and the increase of the interaction between carbon black and NR molecular chain,an improvement in physical and mechanical properties was observed in the composites in comparison with the vulcanizate fabricated by traditional dry compounding.Futhermore,the extent of filler network was weakened according to the result of strain dependence of storage modulus and loss modulus tested by DMA.


In two studies it is demonstrated that people's self-construal level may influence the extent to which they spontaneously produce divergent ideas. In study 1, it is shown that construing the self at a personal level ("I") induces the motivation to be independent, alone, and different, whereas construing the self at a social level ("we") induces the motivation to be accepted, together, and to conform. In study 2, it is shown that--in the absence of explicit instructions to be different--personal self-construals lead to more diversity (e.g., drawing a golf cart as an example of a motor vehicle), whereas social self-construals lead to less diversity (e.g., drawing a car as an example of a motor vehicle). Possible implications for brainstorm sessions in groups and other group-based ventures in which diversity is desired are discussed. Why do individual members of a group often come up with more unique and divergent ideas when working alone than when working together as a group? This question has troubled many researchers, and not in the least those who study the often found productivity losses when people are brainstorming in groups (e.g., Mullen, Johnson, & Salas, 1991; Paulus, Larey, & Ortega, 1995). Since researchers started their search for reasons that individuals in groups seem to produce less divergent ideas, many suggestions have been offered, including "production blocking" (Diehl & Stroebe, 1987; Nijstad, Stroebe, & Lodewijkx, 2003), "social anxiousness" (Camacho & Paulus, 1995), and "conforming to norms" (Adarves-Yorno, Postmes, & Haslam, 2006). Notwithstanding the idea that social anxiety, production blocking, and conformance to norms may repress the expression of divergent ideas, in the current article we will explore an additional mechanism that may explain why people in groups often come up with less unique, divergent ideas than when working alone.


This paper summarises the presentation by Gillian Eva and Roger Jowell on "Prospects for mixed-mode data collection in cross-national surveys" given at the IJMR Research Methods Forum: 'Methods Matter: Interviewing and Beyond', 25 November 2008, Royal Society, London.


We report on the experimental results of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electron spin resonance (ESR), and high-field magnetization measurements performed on a polycrystalline sample of th...


Background: Despite many differences, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder share environmental risk factors, genetic predispositions as well as neuronal abnormalities, and show similar cognitive deficits in working memory, perspective taking, or response inhibition. These alterations are already present in subclinical traits of these disorders. The literature proposes that alterations in the inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic system could explain underlying neuronal commonalities and differences. Methods: Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), we therefore investigated the associations between glutamate concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the left and right putamen, and left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) autistic traits and psychotic-like experiences in 53 healthy individuals (28 women). Results: Applying linear regressions and moderations analyses, we found that ACC glutamate, but none of the other concentrations, predicted positive-like symptoms. None of the other clinical scores was associated with altered levels of glutamate. We furthermore found that high levels of ACC glutamate are predictive of psychotic symptoms when glutamate concentrations in the right putamen were reduced, and that high levels of ACC glutamate are predictive of psychotic symptoms when disorganized traits were increased. Conclusion: These results indicated that an imbalance in the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system involving cortical and subcortical regions may contribute to development of psychotic-like experiences, especially positive-like symptoms. These findings may ultimately facilitate early detection of individuals transitioning into an acute episode of psychosis.


Objective To discover the applying value of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology in early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome.Method The serum samples of acute SARS group and control group were detected by SELDI technology, first established diagnosis model, then validated model single-blindly.Result Through detection of acute SARS group (37 cases) and control group (74 persons), four specific protein fingerprint biomarkers, which masses were at 3 939.08、4 137.71、8 136.64、11 514.20 were found. Except the second protein down-regulated, the others was up-regulated in acute SARS patients. Based on the results, a diagnosis model was established. In order to validate the model, the serum samples of SARS patients and controls were detected and permitted a sensitivity of 97.3% and specificity of 91.8% for the study population.Conclusions Acute SARS patients have specific protein fingerprint spectrum in sera. Detecting the serum samples of SARS patients or suspected patients by SELDI technology can aid the early diagnosis better in clinics.


Graphite Oxide (GO) was prepared from flake graphite through liquid oxidation based on Hummers method. The influences of the content of graphite,the time under low reaction temperature,the content of sodium nitrate, the content of potassium permanganate and the way of adding water under high reaction temperature on the structure and resistivity of GO were investigated systematically. The formation course of GO through liquid oxidation was explored. The results show that the oxidation degree of the product can be determined. by XRD analysis and the determination of resistivitity. For the product of high oxidation degree,a sharp characteristic reflection peak of (001) of GO appears in XRD analysis,and the resistivity reaches to 102 Ω·2m. The raw material ratio and technological conditions for preparing GO with higher oxidation degree are:10g of natural graphite flakes,30g of potassium permanganate,230ml concentrated sulfuric acid, 2hr of low temperature reaction time and controlling the reaction temperature within 100℃ by adding water continuously at high temperature reaction.


Investigations on silver halide emulsion layers with a pronounced Weigert effect are carried out in order to demonstrate the possibilities for using them as a real operating model of an optical disk for digital information recording. Quite interesting is the production of a reversible thin-film photodichroic medium with a thickness below 1µm.


Satellite imagery is a simple and scalable support tool for crop monitoring which allows advanced remote management of a large number of hectares. It offers to agricultural technicians' free information a reasonable resolution. We will analyze advantages and disadvantages as well as the main application and sources of satellite images.


This paper simply discusses the influence of high temperature to the rheological properties of drilling fluid and the present using situation of high temperature high pressure imported rheometer.Some proposals about how to increase the using effectiveness of imported instruments are put forward.


Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and characterize nano dispersive gel (NDG) for topical delivery of water-insoluble antifungal agent ketoconazole in order to enhance its solubility, penetration through the skin and antifungal activity. Methods: Nano dispersion of the drug was first prepared by swollen micelles technique (SMT) using tween 80 and chloroform which is then incorporated into the gel using carbopol 934. Ten formulations of ketoconazole loaded NDG was prepared and characterized for different physicochemical parameters like homogeneity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, practical yield, drug content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation study, and biological parameter antifungal activity. Results: The formulated topical preparation exhibit pH in the range of 6.5 to 7.4, and unveiled excellent homogeneity, spreadability and extrudability. Out of 10 formulations, formulation F4 showed maximum drug content of 95.56±1.13% and practical yield of 97.23±0.51%. The in vitro drug release studies were performed using pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Formulation F4 showed best in vitro drug release 96.52±0.52% at the end of 24 h of study. Ex vivo permeation study of formulation F4 carried out using franz diffusion cell, also manifested good permeation and flux of drug across the chicken skin. Antifungal activity test of formulation F4 was carried out by the cup plate method using Aspergillus niger strain against marketed ketoconazole unveiled higher antifungal activity than marketed one. Conclusion: The study confirmed formulation F4 to be an optimized and promising formulation for the effective treatment of topical fungal infections with enhanced solubility and penetration through the skin.


Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Most lesions are small, unilateral and asymptomatic, discovered incidentally at autopsy or imaging studies performed for other reasons [1]. The incidence of Adrenal incidentalomas is at least 2% in the general population [2]. The prevalence of finding an adrenal myelolipoma from an incidentaloma is very small. In autopsy studies, the incidence of adrenal myelolipoma is reported as being 0.08 to 0.4% 1 with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. No other documented case of Adrenal Myelolipoma was ever reported in our institution and only 1 published case of Adrenal Myelolipoma locally [3]. The present case is a 78-year old Filipino man who on executive check-up had an incidental finding of adrenal mass. Biochemical evaluation revealed that this was a nonfunctioning adrenal mass. Further evaluation including MRI of the adrenal gland showed a right suprarenal mass lesion with enhancing solid and fat components consistent with Myelolipoma. Since population based studies have limited data regarding the epidemiology of Adrenal myelolipoma, we are reporting this case to help future research studies. Patient was completely asymptomatic except for an on and off vague right flank pain with no associated fever, unexplained weight loss, tremors, palpitations, or changes in urine. Vital signs were stable and normal. He was not pale and did not have acne, moon facies, buffalo hump, or anterior neck mass. He had regular a cardiac rhythm and the apex beat was not displaced. The abdomen was soft, with no palpable masses, tenderness or violaceous striae. He had no edema, tremors or ecchymosis, and had equal peripheral pulses. To determine the nature of the mass, biochemical evaluation was done which showed an AM cortisol of 9.91 μg/dl (7-25 μg/dL) and serum aldosterone of 10 μg/dl (<21 ng/dL). Other biochemical tests including catecholamines were normal and consistent with a nonfunctioning tumor. Further imaging with MRI of the adrenal glands with contrast revealed a multilobulated mass lesion in the right suprarenal region insinuated between the medial margins of the right lobe of the liver and medial crus of the left hemidiaphragm, measuring about 4.3 × 3.6 × 7.2 cm (AP × T × Cc). (Figure 1) The lesion appeared to be heterogeneous most prominently of signals completely suppressing on the fat saturation sequences, findings consistent with adrenal myelolipoma. Due to the large size of the tumor and the risk of retroperitoneal bleeding, the patient agreed to an Elective Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Introduction Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Most lesions are small, unilateral and asymptomatic, discovered incidentally at autopsy or on imaging studies performed for other reasons [1]. They cause no adrenal dysfunction or hematologic disorder [2]. It was initially described by Gierke in 1905 and subsequently termed as formations myelolipomatoses by Oberling in 1929. The tumor appears to affect men and women equally and most commonly found between the fifth and the seventh decade of life [4]. Accounting for 3-5% of all primary tumors of the adrenals, the true incidence of these tumors is not known, although it is thought to be 0.08%-0.4%, with increased incidence noted in the later decades of life [1]. They are generally nonsecreting in nature, and only one case of secreting myelolipoma has been reported so far [3].


Objective To evaluate the significance of two dimensional Ultrasound and color Doppler Power Imaging (CDE) in diagnosis of the Small Hepatic Hemangioma with Hypoechoic Pattern (SHCH) for the diameter less than 3cm.Methods Thirty seven cases (forty three focuses ) with SHCH were detected with two dimensional and color Doppler Power Imaging.Results The mostly sonographic manifestation of SHCH: distinct or enhanced margin, internal network or duct like structure with homogeneous echogenicity. In CDE, SHCH demonstrated rich peritumoral blood flow. Inserting venous blood flow sign account for 60.5%(26/43). SHCH demonstrated poor intratumoral blood flow. Most of them were venous blood flow. Only one of them was arterial blood flow. 41 cases (95.3%) of them were proved to be accurately diagnosed by echo.Conclusion Two dimensional Ultrasound and Color Doppler Energy are very useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SHCH.


The performance of vision-based control is usually limited by the low sampling rate of the visual feedback. We address Ping-Pong robotics as a widely studied example which requires high-speed vision for highly dynamic motion control. In order to detect a flying ball accurately and robustly, a multi-threshold segmentation algorithm is applied in a stereo-vision running at 150Hz. Based on the estimated 3D ball positions, a novel two-phase trajectory prediction is exploited to determine the hitting position. Benefiting from the high-speed visual feedback, the hitting position and thus the motion planning of the manipulator are updated iteratively with decreasing error. Experiments are conducted on a 7 degrees of freedom humanoid robot arm. A successful Ping-Pong playing between the robot arm and human is achieved with a high successful rate of 88%.


The pre-Jurassic formations of Taibei depression in Turpan-Hami basin are the most favorable exploration areas, but the distribution and hydrocarbon-generating scale of source rock formations are still unclear because of their great burial depth, poor seismic signal, difficulties in indentifying and tracing the strata. The analysis of source rocks of Lukeqing heavy oil reveals that the Permian source rocks not only exist, but also have great hydrocarbon generating potential, and have undergone several phases of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation.


After all, I did consider being a medical examiner for a whole week many years ago -until I recognized that working all day usually without windows in basements, never delivering happy news and being surrounded by the macabre day in and day out might not best gel with my optimistic nature and spirited disposition. Instead, I binge watch Law & Order and its various permutations, documentaries and read fascinating medical mysteries to get my fix and hone my problem-solving abilities.


We investigated the relationship between the deformation of the molecular network of myosin and actin and the macroscopic actuator contraction. Although several bioactuators using actomyosin have been reported in the past, the relationship between the molecular-scale structure and the motion of actomyosin actuators remains largely unexplored. We stained for actin, myosin, and collagen, respectively, and observed the internal biomolecular structure of the actuator by fluorescence observation. We took time-lapse images of the contraction of fluorescently stained actuators and determined the molecular contraction ratio of actomyosin. Finally, the macro and micro contraction ratios of the actuators were compared and examined to understand the internal mechanism of the actomyosin-collagen bioactuator.


These Digests are issued in tl1e interest of providing an early awareness cf the research results emanating frcm projects in the NCHRP. By making these results known as they are develored and prior to publication of the project report in the regular NCHRP series, it is hoped that the potential usus of the research findings will be encouraged toward tl1eir early implEmentation in operating practices . Persons wanting to pursue the project subject matter in greater depth may obtain, on a loan basis, an uncorrected draft copy of the agency's report by request to the NCHRP Program Director, Highway Research Board, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418


For any specialized medical service there is a fundamental tension between the demands for quality, access and sustainability, with affordability an ever more important factor. For cystic fibrosis (CF) services, patients ideally want their care from a high quality specialist CF centre, delivered on their door step with no limitation on the services provided. In practice this may be available only to those who live in close proximity to a CF centre, and the further a patient lives from a CF centre the more difficult it may be to offer optimal care. For patients who do not live close to a CF centre, compromises will have to be made between quality and access. The ideal should be to deliver specialized services as close as possible to the patient's home without compromising quality.

Underpinning the construction of guidelines for specialized medical services is the belief that specialized care is better than non-specialized care, and that there is a minimum number of patients who need to be cared for within that service to maintain expertise. Although there is considerable evidence of such effects in adult specialities, there is less evidence in children's specialities. It is arguable that this is a reflection of the difficulty with outcome measures for paediatric practice compared to adult practice – mortality is frequently used in adult studies, but in the 21st century is applicable to few paediatric diseases. This review will assess the evidence for specialized services for adults and children, and specifically the evidence for specialist and shared care for adults and children with CF.


Barnow, Trutko, and Piatak focus on whether persistent occupation-specific labor shortages might lead to inefficiencies in the U.S. economy. They describe why shortages arise, the difficulty in ascertaining that a shortage is present, and how to assess strategies to alleviate the shortage.


The SDSS has been a gold mine for understanding properties of the Milky Way. Below, in the watershed, there remain small nuggets to be found flowing from the deepest recesses of the mine. The SDSS-DR9 included the release of the flux- and wavelength-calibrated, individual spectra which were subsequently combined to form the composite spectra found in previous SDSS data releases. These single-epoch spectra (SES) can be analyzed to find flux and spectral line variability, and to probe aspects of phase variations for objects such as RRL stars. For $\sim 45%$ of the spectra in the RRL color range, SES were taken on separate nights, sometimes weeks apart. The remaining dataset have a time baseline of 0.75 to 1.5 hours and consist of 4-7 separate exposures. In my talk I will present details of our project to detect variability and to constrain the pulsation phase at the time of observation. I will discuss our auto-detection technique that uses division of all SES for a given star to search for variations in the flux, the hydrogen Balmer lines and the CaII K line. This procedure is being tested against known variables and non-variable stars within Stripe 82 to determine the identification effectiveness as a function of signal-to-noise, RRL type, and time baseline length. I will also discuss the use of empirical standard star templates to predict pulsation phase from the combination of hydrogen line strengths and radial velocity variations. Our ultimate goal is to combine the SES analysis with our new metallicity calibration in order to increase the number of RRL stars that have reliable metallicity determinations and which can then be used to probe the structure of the Milky Way halo.


There has been a long controversy about how to define and study intelligence in machines and whether machine intelligence is possible. In fact, both the Turing Test and the most important objection to it (called variously the ShannonMcCarthy, Blockhead, and Chinese Room arguments) are based on a mistake that Turing made about the brain in his 1948 paper "Intelligent Machinery," a paper that he never published but whose main assumption got embedded in his famous 1950 paper and the celebrated Imitation Game. In this paper I will show how the mistake is a false dichotomy and how it should be fixed, to provide a solid foundation for a new understanding of the brain and a new approach to artificial intelligence. In the process, I make an analogy between the brain and the ribosome, machines that translate information into action, and through this analogy I demonstrate how it is possible to go beyond the purely information-processing paradigm of computing and to derive meaning from syntax. For decades, the metaphor of the brain as an information processor has dominated both neuroscience and artificial intelligence research and allowed the fruitful applications of Turing's computation theory and Shannon's information theory in both fields. But this metaphor may be leading us astray, because of its limitations and the deficiencies in our understanding of the brain and AI. In this paper I will present a new metaphor to consider, of the brain as both an information processor and a producer of physical effects. There will also be an analogy between the brain and Departments of Mathematics and Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1


The synergetic effect of neighbouring heterogeneous atoms is capable of enabling unexpected catalytic performance, and the design of a well-ordered atomic structure and elaborating the underlying interactions are crucial for the development of superior electrocatalysts in fuel cells. We demonstrate here that an ordered Pd-Hg intermetallic alloy with dimensions of several nanometers can be subtly manipulated using mild wet - chemical reduction approach. Based on combined results of XPS and HAADF-STEM analysis, the adjacent regions of metallic atoms were found to be evenly occupied by heterogeneous elements from the distribution features of the surface structure. Due to charge transfer from Hg to neighbouring Pd, the down-shift of d-band center in PdHg alloys was theoretically beneficial for desorption of crucial intermediates (*OH), both in anodic ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In the presence of Hg atoms with lower *OH desorption energy, the rapid dissociation of *OH from Pd facilitated the final H2O formation, with superior ORR efficiency comparable to Pt/C catalysts. Remarkably, the rapid combination of *OH on Hg atoms with CH3CO* on neighbouring Pd atoms unambiguously favored generation of acetate ions (rate-determining) in the catalytic EOR process, resulting in a high mass activity (7.68 A per mgPd). This well-ordered atomic structure also shows excellent long-term stability in ethylene glycol oxidation reaction and ORR.


In an excellent review on the complications of peripheral blood stem cell harvesting from healthy donors,[1][1] Anderlini et al pointed out the lack of data on late side effects. Lymphocytopenia (primarily T-lymphocytopenia) is a recognized short-term side effect of the harvest,[2][2] [3][3]


called delusions and hallucinations. For example, he may be convinced that his doctor or his brother is planning to kill him and no argument will dissuade him. He may twist a harmless remark into what to him alone is absolute evidence of evil intention. Often these patients are so frightened that they trust no one. Such people are mentally ill and should usually have hospital care. How to help people who suffer from these various kinds and degrees of emotional distress is the concern of all students of psychiatry. How to prevent or soften the experiences which tend to interfere with normal growth is the concern of all whose work is in the interest of human welfare. Parents, pediatricians, teachers (from nursery school on), ministers, group leaders, camp leaders, guidance counselors, social workers-all have a part in influencing the personality growth of the individuals who come within their orbit. The pediatrican is the mother's first teacher in regard to the needs of her child. His early nearness to mother and child gives him opportunity to deal with the first manifestations of distorted relationship, to allay the mother's fears, and to redirect her when necessary, thus helping to lay the foundation for the child's confidence in the outer world. Journal of Social Casework


We present the first cosmological study of a sample of eROSITA clusters, which were identified in the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS). In a joint selection on X-ray and optical observables, the sample contains 455 clusters within a redshift range of 0.1 < z < 1.2, of which 177 systems are covered by the public data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey that enables uniform weak-lensing cluster mass constraints. With minimal assumptions, at each cluster redshift we empirically model (1) the scaling relations between the cluster halo mass and the observables, which include the X-ray count rate, the optical richness, and the weak-lensing mass, and (2) the X-ray selection in terms of the completeness function $\mathcal {C}$. Using the richness distribution of the clusters, we directly measure the X-ray completeness and adopt those measurements as informative priors for the parameters of $\mathcal {C}$. In a blinded analysis, we obtain the cosmological constraints $\Omega _{\mathrm{m}}= 0.245^{+0.048}_{-0.058}$, $\sigma _{8}= 0.833^{+0.075}_{-0.063}$ and $S_{8}\equiv \sigma _{8}\left(\Omega _{\mathrm{m}}/0.3\right)^{0.3}= 0.791^{+0.028}_{-0.031}$ in a flat ΛCDM cosmology. Extending to a flat wCDM cosmology leads to the constraint on the equation of state parameter of the dark energy of w = −1.25 ± 0.47. The eFEDS constraints are in good agreement with the results from the Planck mission, the galaxy-galaxy lensing and clustering analysis of the Dark Energy Survey, and the cluster abundance analysis of the SPT-SZ survey at a level of ≲ 1σ. With the empirical modelling, this work presents the first fully self-consistent cosmological constraints based on a synergy between wide-field X-ray and weak lensing surveys.


Atlas of EEG Patterns

by John M. Stern and Jerome Engel, 307 pp., Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005, $140

Diagnoses in medicine are made in a number of ways, with pattern recognition ( Augenblick , literally, "the blink of an eye") serving as the strategy used by experts with extensive clinical experience. Novices must often develop exhaustive lists of differential diagnoses before arriving at a conclusion. Each approach has its advantages, and the Atlas of EEG Patterns draws on the strengths of both methods.

The text is intended primarily for neurology trainees learning to read EEGs. Given the central role of pattern recognition in reading EEGs, this book teaches a useful and standardized approach …


Objective To observe the clinical effect of compound Kushen enteric-coated capsules in treating 40 clinical cases of ulcerative colitis(heat and dampness type).Methods 40 clinic patients were divided randomly into the test group and the control group.30 patients in the test group took compound Kushen enteric-coated capsules three times a day,4 capsules per time and simulated agents of Ai Disha four times a day,1 g per time.10 patients in the control group took Ai Disha four times a day,1 g per time and simulated agents of compound Kushen enteric-coated capsules three times a day,4 capsules per time.During this period the related treatment drug were suspended in both the two groups.The clinical effects were observed after a treatment course of eight weeks.Results In the test group of 30 cases,the cured cases were 2,the markedly effective cases were 17,the effective cases were 8,3 cases were invalid,and the total effective rate is 90.0%.In the control group the cured cases were 1,the markedly effective cases were 4,the effective cases were 3 and the ineffective cases were 2,the total effective rate is 80.0%.There was a significant difference between the total effective rates of the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Both the compound Kushen enteric-coated capsules and the Ai Disha are effective in treating ulcerative colitis(heat and dampness type),but the compound Kushen enteric-coated capsules is better than Ai Disha.


Glycine-β-cyclodextrin(GCD) with high water solubility and coordination ability for heavy metal was synthesized by the reaction of β-cyclodextrin with glycine under basic condition with epichlorohydrin used as the cross-linking agent.The effects of obtained GCD on enhanced solubilization and desorption behavior of lead in soil was studied,the influence factors of lead desorption,such as pH,ionic strength,organic matter content and initial concentration of GCD,were also investigated and described in details.The results showed that GCD had obvious solubilization for lead carbonate,when the concentration of GCD reached 30 g·L-1,the aqueous lead concentration was about 7 000 mg·L-1.A high organic matter content in soil resulted in a lower desorption efficiency of GCD for lead in soil,and the desorption efficiency of lead increased with increasing pH,ionic strength and initial concentration of GCD.The data of lead desorption in soil were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order rate equation.This static desorption research provided some fundamental information for the remediation of lead contaminated soil.


A robust machine learning algorithm known as the least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model was used to predict the liquid densities of 48 different refrigerant systems. Hence, a massive dataset was gathered using the reports published previously. The proposed model was evaluated via various analyses. Based on the statistical analysis results, the actual values predicted by this model have high accuracy, and the calculated values of RMSE, MRE, STD, and R2 were 0.0116, 0.158, 0.1070, and 0.999, respectively. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was done on the efficient input parameters, and it was found that CF2H2 has the most positive effect on the output parameter (with a relevancy factor of +50.19). Furthermore, for checking the real data accuracy, the technique of leverage was considered, the results of which revealed that most of the considered data are reliable. The power and accuracy of this simple model in predicting liquid densities of different refrigerant systems are high; therefore, it is an appropriate alternative for laboratory data.


Abstrack The strategy of the implementation of Indonesian Foreign Policy (IFP) is influenced by not only domestic situation but also by the growth of the international political climate. The rapid change of the international political climate has to be followed and analyzed continuously in favour of our national interest. Further more, steps to response those changes have to be decided in the implementation of IFP in order to reach our national interest. Keywords : Indonesian Foreign Policy, National Interest.


Early auditory cortex is generally considered to be unimodal. Here we describe extensive cross-modal activation in the auditory cortex of two monkeys while they performed an auditory categorization task: monkeys were required to grasp a touch bar and hold it after a cue-light was turned on. This triggered a sequence of tones of variable frequencies. Monkeys had to indicate the occurrence of a falling frequency step in the sequence by releasing the touch bar. In primary auditory cortex and posterior belt areas we found neurons whose firing was transiently synchronized to the cue-light or to the touch or release of the bar. Such firing not seen or was modified when the monkeys did not initiate a trial after the cue-light was lit or when they performed a visual task. We speculate that the responses to non-auditory events were formed by the tight association between the auditory task and visual stimuli, hand movements, and tactile feedback about the proper placement of the hand on a touch bar during the long training period (> 100,000 trials) of the monkeys. The representation of non-auditory sensory modalities and movements in auditory cortex could accelerate and improve performance of subjects in highly demanding auditory tasks.


Effects of H+ implantation (⩽5×1016cm−2) on stress relaxation in an oxidation-induced Ge condensation method have been investigated to form stress-relaxed ultrathin (∼30nm) SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) virtual substrates. High-dose (⩾1015cm−2) implantation enhanced stress relaxation, which was attributed to bond breaking at the SiGe∕buriedSiO2 interface. However, oxidation velocity was also enhanced due to irradiation defects. Two-step annealing (500 °C for 30 min and 850 °C for 60 min) before oxidation was proposed to remove irradiation defects. This achieved enhanced stress relaxation in ultrathin SGOI without changing oxidation velocity.


Abstract Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are a major pest of greenhouse ornamentals. Insecticides are the main control measure used for F. occidentalis on ornamentals and impede the use of biological control in the greenhouse. Flowering chrysanthemums, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev), could be used as trap plants (i.e., plants that are more attractive to a pest than the crop) in an integrated pest management (IPM) program for the control of F. occidentalis on potted chrysanthemum in greenhouses. This study focused on certain behavioral characteristics of F. occidentalis that can influence the efficiency of the trap plant strategy. First, host plant selection of adult F. occidentalis was studied by determining the influence of distance and stage of the crop on the attractiveness of flowering chrysanthemum as trap plants. Second, the influence of F. occidentalis colonization (resident versus dispersing F. occidentalis) on trap plant efficacy was determined. Flowering chrysanthemum plants were more attractive to adult F. occidentalis than the vegetative, bud, and crack-bud plant stages up to distances of 12 m, and trap plants were more effective at attracting dispersing F. occidentalis than resident F. occidentalis. It is concluded that flowering chrysanthemums have potential as trap plants for F. occidentalis in potted chrysanthemum before flowering.


Abstract : The program objective is to develop a family of solid propellants for ballistic missiles based on an HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) binder, and to demonstrate one optimized propellant formulation by large scale motor firings. Specifically, five propellants have been formulated and are being characterized to the point that they will be ready for motor advanced development programs. These five propellants are compatible with two optimized missile systems: (1) a weight constrained small diameter three stage ballistic missile, and (2) a length constrained large diameter ballistic missile. In addition, a formulation which is typical of the entire series was fully defined, characterized, and demonstrated in the static firing of a Third Stage Minuteman III Motor (TU-775/01). Two additional Third Stage Minuteman III motors have been instrumented and loaded as structural test vehicles (TU-775/02 and TU-775/ 03).


In the video action recognition task, it is essential to model the temporal information. Since different actions have different durations, capturing multi-scale temporal features is very crucial. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale modeling (MSM) module to exploit temporal information for action recognition, which is composed of a multi-scale temporal convolution (MTC) block and a multi-scale hierarchical convolution (MHC) block. MTC uses convolutions of multiple temporal depths to capture features of different temporal scales to enhance the connection between frames. MHC employs group convolution to obtain more fine-grained multi-scale features in the channel dimension. In MHC, the convolutions are formulated as a hierarchical structure to expand the receptive fields as well as help implement a series of sub-group convolutions, which can help to realize the modeling of distinctive and long-term information. The two components of MSM are complementary in temporal modeling. Finally, we evaluated our method on several action recognition benchmarks including Kinetics, UCF10l, and HMDB51, and obtained competitive results, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed method in temporal modeling,


It is common knowledge that death rates vary from area to area, year to year, and between different groups of the population. These differences have been extensively studied but, very often, only in relation to a particular cause of death or a particular feature of the environment-the association of bronchitis with air pollution, for example, or population density with respiratory death rates. This paper, reporting a fairly comprehensive search for associations between the environment and death rates from four major 'causes' at ages 45-74 in the large towns of England and Wales, has, as its reason, the systematic presentation of some accepted facts and the posing of new, as well as continuing, questions.


Simple Summary The study described the effects of Myostatin gene editing on cattle to improve the growth and muscle development of hybrid cattle offspring. We focused on the Myostatin gene, which plays a crucial role in regulating muscle development. Gene editing could be able to enhance the size and performance of the crossbred cattle. The results showed that the Myostatin gene-edited cattle offspring displayed improved body size parameters, particularly body weight, cross height, and hip height, indicating the significant development of the hindquarters. The edited cattle have "double-muscled" forequarters and hindquarters with clear muscle masses, and their coat color reverted back to the original yellow. The study also found differences in blood glucose, calcium, and low-density lipoprotein levels, as well as a decrease in serum insulin levels in the edited cattle. Overall, the findings suggest that breeding with these Myostatin gene-edited bulls improve growth and performance in crossbred cattle, benefiting both farmers and consumers. Abstract (1) Background: Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein that regulates skeletal muscle development and plays a crucial role in maintaining animal body composition and muscle structure. The loss-of-function mutation of MSTN gene can induce the muscle hypertrophic phenotype. (2) Methods: Growth indexes and blood parameters of the cattle of different months were analyzed via multiple linear regression. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the body shape parameters of F2 cattle were improved, especially the body weight, cross height, and hip height, representing significant development of hindquarters, and the coat color of the F2 generation returned to the yellow of Luxi cattle. As adults, MSTN gene-edited bulls have a tall, wide acromion and a deep, wide chest. Both the forequarters and hindquarters are double-muscled with clear muscle masses. The multiple linear regression demonstrates that MSTN gene-edited hybrid beef cattle gained weight due to the higher height of the hindquarters. Significant differences in blood glucose, calcium, and low-density lipoprotein. Serum insulin levels decreased significantly at 24 months of age. MSTN gene editing improves the adaptability of cattle. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that breeding with MSTN gene-edited Luxi bulls can improve the growth and performance of hybrid cattle, with potential benefits for both farmers and consumers.


Health fund providers often require objective motivation for surgery, and patients often try to pressurise surgeons into operating. The author developed a scoring system to weigh up objectively the indications and contra-indications for and urgency of joint replacement. A considerably expanded Harris Hip Score and American Knee Society ratings are used. Rather than using a subjective adjective to evaluate pain, it is objectively evaluated by type and frequency of analgesic. The totality of the patient's condition is considered in assessing functional ability, particularly with regard to other affected joints and the patient's ability to perform normal activities of daily living. Taken into account is how much walking, climbing and stair-climbing a patient's work demands and whether getting to work requires a long walk or use of public transport. The functional demands of daily home life are assessed, and also how much assistance is available to the patient. By adding the American scores to the additional scores for pain and functional ability, and then subtracting that total from the functional demand, one arrives at a score for the degree of compromise. The scoring includes a prediction of the risk of morbidity and mortality. When this risk is balanced by the degree of compromise, one arrives at a score for contra-indication. Put another way, pain + functional ability – functional demand = compromise, and compromise x risk of mortality and morbidity = contraindication.


Electroluminescence from a-Si pin, pi(B-doped)n, and nip solar cells was observed at room temperature (300 K) for the first time. The electroluminescence spectrum of the nip cell showed very broad with a peak at 1.31 eV or slightly less. The external quantum efficiency of the nip cell was 10-5% at 300 K. Electroluminescence intensity from this cell was stronger than that from the pin cell. It became clear that this can be attributed to the difference in the current transport mechanism of the nip and pin cells. A pin cell whose i-layer was slightly boron doped, the pi(B)n cell, gave a stronger electroluminescence intensity than a usual pin cell.


According to the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging principle of maritime targets, this paper presents a Matlab tool for SAR imaging simulation of ships. The tool can provide simulated vessel SAR images with 3D ship models, aerial platform parameters, airborne SAR system parameters and embedded SAR imaging simulation algorithms. In this paper, the characteristics of maritime targets SAR imaging simulation system based on Matlab are analyzed. Then, an SAR imaging simulation tool of ships is designed and implemented by Matlab code and GUI programming. The simulation results show that the tool is reliable, interactive and easy to operate. It can satisfy the demands of SAR image interpretation personnel training and teaching practice.


In this research, the oscillations of a Majorana neutrino in matter with the presence of a strong magnetic field have been studied. The interaction of background matter with magnetic field has been included as a separate term in effective Hamiltonian. The wave equations and energy spectrum of this Hamiltonian have been computed. The obtained results using this type of Hamiltonian have been compared with the results of other theoretical considerations.


An embodiment of a double-sided razor includes a cartridge attached to the handle and the handle, said cartridge further comprising a first razor side and a second razor aspect, the cartridge includes first and second razor It can be switched with respect to the handle between the side surface. .FIELD 1


Significance Mechanical cues, such as changes in rigidity (resistance to deformation) of the surrounding microenvironment, regulate cell behaviors. Integrin-based rigidity sensing has been examined extensively, but studies investigating cadherin-based rigidity sensing at cell–cell contacts are lacking. Our study provides insight into mechanisms underlying E-cadherin–dependent rigidity sensing. We demonstrate that E-cadherin adhesions are acutely sensitive to a change in the rigidity of polyacrylamide (PA) gels functionalized with the extracellular domain of E-cadherin (Ecad-Fc) and that actin nucleating proteins and Rho GTPases activated upon cell adhesion to Ecad-Fc PA gels are also required for early stages in cell–cell adhesion. We hypothesize that E-cadherin rigidity sensing facilitates the transition from initial cell–cell adhesion to more stable contacts. Mechanical cues are sensed and transduced by cell adhesion complexes to regulate diverse cell behaviors. Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity sensing by integrin adhesions has been well studied, but rigidity sensing by cadherins during cell adhesion is largely unexplored. Using mechanically tunable polyacrylamide (PA) gels functionalized with the extracellular domain of E-cadherin (Ecad-Fc), we showed that E-cadherin–dependent epithelial cell adhesion was sensitive to changes in PA gel elastic modulus that produced striking differences in cell morphology, actin organization, and membrane dynamics. Traction force microscopy (TFM) revealed that cells produced the greatest tractions at the cell periphery, where distinct types of actin-based membrane protrusions formed. Cells responded to substrate rigidity by reorganizing the distribution and size of high-traction-stress regions at the cell periphery. Differences in adhesion and protrusion dynamics were mediated by balancing the activities of specific signaling molecules. Cell adhesion to a 30-kPa Ecad-Fc PA gel required Cdc42- and formin-dependent filopodia formation, whereas adhesion to a 60-kPa Ecad-Fc PA gel induced Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodial protrusions. A quantitative 3D cell–cell adhesion assay and live cell imaging of cell–cell contact formation revealed that inhibition of Cdc42, formin, and Arp2/3 activities blocked the initiation, but not the maintenance of established cell–cell adhesions. These results indicate that the same signaling molecules activated by E-cadherin rigidity sensing on PA gels contribute to actin organization and membrane dynamics during cell–cell adhesion. We hypothesize that a transition in the stiffness of E-cadherin homotypic interactions regulates actin and membrane dynamics during initial stages of cell–cell adhesion.


In this paper, we consider a passivity-based approach for the design of a control law of multiple ship-roll gyro-stabiliser units. We extend previous work on control of ship roll gyro-stabilisation by considering the problem within a nonlinear framework. In particular, we derive an energy-based model using the port-Hamiltonian theory and then design an active precession controller using passivity-based control interconnection and damping assignment. The design considers the possibility of having multiple gyro-stabiliser units, and the desired potential energy of the system (in closed loop) is chosen to behave like a barrier function, which allows us to enforce constraints on the precession angle of the gyros.


In April and May 2004, India went to the polls. Against all expectations, the ruling National Democratic Alliance did not win the election, but was replaced by a Congress party-led coalition, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA). The defeat was quite dramatic. Of the 543 seats in the Indian Lok Sabha, the NDA succeeded in capturing only 185 seats (from its previous 274), while the UPA (excluding the Left parties who support the government from outside) won 217 seats (from its previous meager 151). As soon as the verdict was announced, it was interpreted as a vote against the NDA's policies: its divisive communal policies pursued particularly in Gujarat but also elsewhere; its education policy of rewriting textbooks on India's history; its economic reform policies. This last interpretation was quite prominent. It was argued that the 2004 verdict should be seen as the vote of the rural poor against the urban-biased economic development model pursued by the NDA and several reform-oriented State governments. At first sight this interpretation seems to make sense. After all, the BJP/NDA had done its best to convert the 2004 elections into a referendum on its economic development record. Throughout the campaign, the NDA had used slogans such as "India Shining" and the "Feel Good Factor", emphasizing India's economic development and status as a superpower. The opposition parties, too, especially at the State level, had tried to make the economic reform policies into an election issue. In Andhra Pradesh, for instance, the Congress opposition labeled Chandrababu Naidu an 'agent of the World Bank', and accused the Telugu Desam Party government of indiscriminate privatization, neglecting farmers and pursuing lopsided development. All reform-oriented State governments (except Orissa) lost badly, whether affiliated to the NDA or not. All this suggests that, to a certain extent, the verdict can be interpreted as a vote against the reforms. There are, however, several reasons to be cautious. As Kumar (2004) has shown, it is difficult to draw general relationships between voters' opinions on reforms and electoral outcomes. Based on electoral surveys pertaining to 1996, 1998 and 1999, Kumar (2004) concludes that not only can one find reform advocates and opponents among voters for all political parties (including the Left), but also that a large majority (more than 70 per cent of voters in 1998) was not even aware that something like an economic reform process had taken place. 1 This is not to say that voters had not experienced any reform impacts – even being unaware of the policy – but it does mean that one cannot assume a simple relationship between opinions about policies and voting behaviour. Furthermore, it can be questioned to what extent the result was a clear verdict against the NDA. The verdict may seem obvious in terms of seats, but it is not so obvious


Motion deblurring is one of the basic problems in the field of image processing. This paper summarizes the mathematical basis of the previous work and presents a deblurring method that can improve the estimation of the motion blur kernel and obtain a better result than the traditional methods. Experiments show the motion blur kernel loses some important and useful properties during the estimation of the kernel which may cause a bad estimation and increase the ringing artifacts. Considering that the kernel is provided by the motion of the imaging sensor during the exposure and that the kernel shows the trace of the motion, this paper ensures the physical meaning of the kernel such as the continuity and the center of the kernel during the iterative process. By adding a post process to the estimation of the motion blur kernel, we remove some discrete points and make use of the centralization of the kernel in order to accurate the estimation. The experiment shows the existence of the post process improves the effect of the estimation of the kernel and provides a better result with the clear edges.


Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the lack of FMRP (fragile mental retardation protein) as a result of the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene. Here we analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the calbindin D28K protein in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice and compare it with that of their wildtype (WT) littermates. The spatial distribution pattern of calbindin‐immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus was similar in WT and KO mice but for each age studied (ranging from 3.5–8 months) the dentate gyrus of Fmr1‐KO mice showed a significant reduction in calbindin‐immunoreactive granule cells. Also, the number of calbindin‐immunoreactive cells was reduced in the CA1 pyramidal layer in KO mice compared to their WT littermates. In addition, Frm1‐KO mice showed a group of calbindin‐immunoreactive cells located only in the left CA3b subregion that was only sometimes observed in WT mice. Overall, the absence of FMRP results in a dysregulation of the calbindin protein expression in the hippocampus. This dysregulation is cell type‐ and time‐dependent and as a consequence key elements of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuitry may lack calbindin in critical periods for normal memory/learning abilities to be achieved and may explain some of the FXS symptoms observed in the Fmr1‐KO mouse model. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2622–2636, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We report the results of the 121,123 Sb-nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements on the filled skutterudite R Fe 4 Sb 12 ( R = La, Ce) synthesized under high pressure (HP), and compare them with those for the sample synthesized under ambient pressure (AP) in order to understand the effects of the R -site filling fraction on magnetic properties. The NQR spectra for the HP samples are much sharper than those for the AP samples, suggesting that the R -site filling fraction is high close to unity and the electronic states around Sb nuclei become uniform. In LaFe 4 Sb 12 -HP, the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature, 1/ T 1 T , exhibits the Curie–Weiss temperature dependence 1/ T 1 T = C /( T +θ) with the Weiss temperature θ=12 K above 30 K, indicating the development of ferromagnetic fluctuations. The magnitude of θ for the HP sample is smaller than that for the AP sample, which suggests that the system becomes close to the vicinity of ferromagnetic instability as the La-site fil...