The technological line for processing decorticated flax fibre is an example of a prototype experimental technological line. In this type of objects, control systems need to be adjusted to the requirements imposed by the necessity to implement technologies with changing parameters whose values are set during experimental research. Moreover, the very structure of the technological line may be modified as a result of the introduction of improvements proposed by process engineers. The article describes a control system that meets the conditions set for the operation of a prototype technological line and presents the modules of the block diagram of the control system. The authors also present behavioural analysis of the control system and the ways to ensure that the requirements of a prototype technological line are met. Moreover, the user interface is described. system sterowania prototypowej linii technologicznej do przetwarzania dekortykowanego


The influence of the Mahāyāna encouraged the practice of worshipping Bōdhisattvas within the Sinhalese Buddhist rituals. The feminine principle was not venerated in Buddhism until the 4th C.E and Goddess Tārā probably entered Buddhism around the 6th C.E. The Śhakti of the Avalōkiteśvara is called as Tārā. The Mihitalē inscription of king Mihidu IV describes her as Minināl (Gunawardna, N 2017:185-190). The Sinhales Buddhist called her as Biso Bandara. Tisara Sandeśha treats her as Tārā Bisō. She is known as the mother of liberation. She represents the virtues of Success in work and achievements. Two types of Tārā are identified as the ascetic and the princely types. As it is mentioned in the Sādanamālā Prof. Chandrā Wickramagamagē mentions that there are 108 type of Tārās. The date and the period of the beginning of worshiping of the Goddess Tārā are not yet found out. The worshiping of Avalōketiśvara had been introduced to Sri Lanka during the 3rd C.E. The worshiping of Tārā got inherited as a consequence of the spread of the Mahāyāna Buddhism from India. Tārā is considered as a Buddhist savior Goddess. She is also popular in Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia and India. Most widely known Tārās are Green Tārā, White Tārā, Red Tārā, Balck Tārā, Yellow Tārā, and Blue Tārā. The statues of the Avalōkiteśvara Buddha's as well as that of the Goddess Tārā's have been found in many of the ancient sea ports in Sri Lankā. The mariners and merchants who were the frequent visitors may have left these statues as souvenirs. The worshiping of the goddess Tārā became famous during the 9th and the 10th C.E. in Sri Lanka.


Summary form only given. We present new experiments with an Er-doped fiber laser pumped by a low-power 980 nm laser diode. In order to improve the laser stability performance an FBG with bandwidth FWHM /spl sim/12.7 GHz has been specifically employed in the laser configuration. It allowed us to localize the frequency /spl nu//sub A/ near the maximum of FBG reflectivity /spl nu//sub M/ (/spl lambda//sub M/ = 1533.098 nm) and also to prevent the undesirable growth of high-order SBS components during lasing (note that /spl Delta//spl nu//sub SBS/ /spl sim/ 11 GHz). A Q-switched operational mode has been successfully obtained with this configuration at pump power levels of 20-160 mW.


One of the prevailing paradigms of physical rehabilitation following neurologic injury is to "assist-as-needed"; that is, the rehabilitation therapist manually assists patients in performing movements, providing only as much assistance as needed to complete the movement. Several research groups are attempting to automate this principle with robotic movement training devices. This paper derives an "assist as needed" robotic training algorithm by framing the problem as an optimization problem. We assume that motor recovery can be modeled as a process of learning a novel sensory motor transformation. The optimized robotic movement trainer is then an error-based controller with a forgetting factor. It bounds kinematic errors while systematically reducing its assistance. The same controller also works well if the dominant dynamics of recovery are akin to a strengthening process. We experimentally validate the controller with an unimpaired subject by demonstrating how the controller can help the subject to learn a novel sensory motor transformation (i.e. an internal model) with smaller kinematic errors than typical. The task studied here is walking on a treadmill in the presence of a novel dynamic environment. The assist-as-needed controller proposed here may be useful for limiting error during the learning of tasks in which large errors are dangerous or discouraging.


The thermal stability of Ti/Pt/Au Schottky gates on high-low doped GaAs metal–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) was investigated in the temperature range of 300–500 °C, using current–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. At annealing temperatures >350 °C, the interfacial reactions cause the formation of a layered structure of Ti/Ti–Ga/Ti–As/GaAs. The depth distribution of electron concentration moves toward the Ti/GaAs interface as the annealing temperature increases. This is due to the growth of Ti–As, followed by the reduction of the channel thickness. The activation energy for the growth of Ti–As is determined to be 1.74 eV. The electron concentration in the channel layer decreases with the increase of the annealing temperature. This is due to the out-diffusion of Ga to the Ti film, resulting in the production of acceptor-type Ga vacancies and thereby the decrease of electron concentrat...


This research reports the orientations that become the foundations of students' motivation in learning English and their attitude towards courses and their instructors.  The method used is a survey by randomly asking the students in English Department of UNISMA Bekasi to fill out a questionnaire adapted from Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) designed by R.C. Gardner .    The purpose of the research is to uncover the students' orientations in learning English and to see their attitude towards courses and their instructors.  The result shows that out of 68 returned questionnaires, 60 students appear to have not only integrative but also instrumental orientations.  47 students responded positively towards course instructors and nine of them responded negatively.  As for the attitude towards courses, 39 students show positive response, while 17 of them seem to have negative one. Keywords : English Learning , Orientation, Motivation


Background Given the psychological, physiological and nutritional demands of elite sport judo, it is not surprising that many athletes struggle to optimize training. Overtraining is the result of an imbalance between stress and recovery, as result of short recovery time and psychosocial events. The aim of this study is knowledge about the psychological indicators of overtraining in elite judo athletes during pre- and post-competition periods. Material & Methods: Forty-eight judo athletes from an elite team took part in this study. They were grouped by age, 24 junior (up to 18 years) and 24 senior (over 18 years). For the assessment of psychological indicators of overtraining the stress and recovery questionnaire RESTQ-Sport questionnaire in the last practice before competition and in the first practice after competition. It comprises 76 items organized in 19 general scales. Results: Only two scales presented significant differences between the pre- and post-competition periods for the en tire group (n = 48): the "fatigue" scale of the general stress dimension and "success" in the general recovery dimension. The comparison of the age groups in the pre-competition period resulted in significant differences in 9 out of the 19 scales and in the four dimensions. The male athletes' profile was more positive than the ju nior athletes' profile. In the post-competition period, significant differences were observed in 3 out of the 19 scales. A similar result pattern was observed; the senior athletes had a more positive profile. The longer sports practice time, and consequently more competition experience at this level, may have contributed to the differences between the age groups. Such a fact may be observed in the perception of pre- and post-competition performance. The junior athletes felt less prepared in the evaluated aspects than the senior athletes, especially in "technique" (p ≤ 0.002). The low performance values in competition indicate that the group did not achieve the expected result. Conclusions: Pre- and post-competition psychological indicators of overtraining may behave differently as a function of judo athletes' age. Older athletes tend to have a more positive profile than younger ones. The comparison be tween the psychological variables shows a greater difference in scores for age. The expectations in relation to the competition affected young athletes significantly.


A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of drought stress on growth and secondary compound accumulation of Ocimum species, in a semi-controlled greenhouse during the year 2020. The experiment was performed as a factorial that was based on a randomized complete design with three species of basil namely O. basilicum 'Genovese', O. x africanum, and O. americanum, and three levels of water supply (70, 50, and 30% soil water capacity-SWC) that were replicated twice. The results revealed that severe drought conditions (30% SWC) significantly lowered the relative water content and, as a consequence, plants were shorter, narrower in the canopy, and produced smaller leaves which, in turn, resulted in a 50% fresh and dry herb yield loss. Furthermore, severe drought stress negatively affected the essential oil content (except O. x africanum where no change was seen), essential oil yield, and the antioxidant capacity. However, slight enhancements of glandular hair density were observed in the drought treatment than in the control. Regardless of the soil water capacity variation, the major compound of the essential oil and total polyphenol content remained unchanged. Besides drought, morphological and chemical variations were also detected among the Ocimum species. Sweet basil cultivar Genovese produced the maximum biomass (344.7 g/plant) whereas O. x africanum accumulated higher essential oil (2.79%). The major compounds that were identified were linalool in O. basilicum; 1, 8-cineole, and camphor in O. x africanum; and O. americanum had more neral and geranial. In conclusion, a higher water supply is recommended for higher biomass and essential oil yield production in the tested basil species.


This pape r deals with some of the sociological impl ications of a major cultural h igh-water point in the African American experience, the New Negro/H arlem Renaissance. The paper concentrates on the cultural transformations brought about through the intel lectual activity of po l it ical activists , a multi-genre group of artists, cultu ral brokers, and businesspersons. The d riving-wheel th rust of this era was the recla mation and the invigoration of the traditions of the cultu re with an emphasis on both the African and the American aspects, which sig n ificantly impacted American and i nternational cu lture then and throughout the 20th century. This study examines the pre1 920s background, the forms of Black activism during the Renaissance, the modern content of the writers' work, and the enthusiasm of whites for the African American art forms of the era. This essay uti l izes re search from a multi-discipl inary body of sources, which includes so ciology, cultu ral h istory, creative l iterature and l iterary criticism, auto biography, biography, and journalism.


Two novel metal-organic coordination complexes of copper(II) and silver(I) with 1,3,4-thiadiazole-based ligands HL 1 [N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-pyridinecarboxamide] and H 2 L 2 [2,5-dipropanoylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole] have been synthesized in diffusion conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystal structural determinations show that complex [Cu 2 (L 1 ) 2 (BF 4 )(OH)] ∞ (1) is a three-dimensional (3-D) framework containing channels along the c axis, and the channels' inner surface decorated by S atom. Complex [Ag 2 (H 2 L 2 ) 2 (HL 2 )(PF 6 )] ∞ (2) shows a one-dimensional chain comprising two five-coordinated silver centers which form dinuclear structure units. The Ag···Ag weak interactions were observed between the two non-bonding silver atoms in the dinuclear unit.


This paper introduced an intelligent match method of emergency plan based on keywords extraction. Words frequency, part of speech and position of framework are taken as the keyword weight factors. Least-squares error linear estimate method is used to regulate the factors and calculate keywords weight. And Vector Space Model is set up to calculate the maximum similarity between plan texts to complete design of plan match. The expansible practical parameters adjustment module is provided to adapt to diversity of match plan with emphasis part. Compare with tf*idf, the experimental results show that the presented method is more promising in intelligent match method of emergency plan.


Transparent conducting materials (TCMs) have been widely used in optoelectronic applications such as touchscreens, flat panel displays and thin film solar cells. These applications of TCMs are currently dominated by n-type doped oxides. High-performance p-type TCMs are still lacking due to their low hole mobility or p-type doping bottleneck, which impedes efficient device design and novel applications such as transparent electronics. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we propose chalcogenide perovskite YScS3 as a promising p-type TCM. According to our calculations, its optical absorption onset is above 3 eV, which allows transparency to visible light. Its hole conductivity effective mass is 0.48m0, which is among the smallest in p-type TCMs, suggesting enhanced hole mobility. It could be doped to p-type by group-II elements on cation sites, all of which yield shallow acceptors. Combining these properties, YScS3 holds great promise to enhancing the performance of p-type TCMs toward their n-type counterparts.


The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of phenolic compounds in bee pollen and their antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content,total flavonoid content,reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of four states of the extracts( free,esterified,glycosided,and insoluble) of Aceraceae,Taeaxacum and Crataegus pinnatifida bee pollen were determined. The results showed that distribution of phenolic compounds in three kinds of bee pollen was different. Phenolic compounds free state and esterified sate were higher than in glycosided and insoluble state. Therefore,the antioxidant activity of the former was greater than the latter. In addition,the content of phenolic compounds in different bee pollen was different. Phenolic compounds in bee pollen of Aceraceae were higher than others. The order of antioxidant activities of three kinds of bee pollen was Aceraceae Crataegus pinnatifida Taeaxacum.


The invention belongs to a medicament composition, and particularly relates to solution of a nocathiacin antibiotic-containing medicament composition. The invention particularly discloses a nocathiacin antibiotic-containing medicament composition, which comprises nocathiacin, medicament carrier, water-soluble emulsifying agent and fat-soluble emulsifying agent, wherein the medicament carrier consists of an aqueous phase and an oil phase; the water-soluble emulsifying agent is selected from one or mixture of poloxamer and povidone; the fat-soluble emulsifying agent is selected from one or mixture of two of lecithin, yolk phospholipid and soya bean phospholipid; the total mass of the water-soluble emulsifying agent and the fat-soluble emulsifying agent in each 1 milliliter of composition is30 to 50 milligrams; and the mass ratio of the water-soluble emulsifying agent to the fat-soluble emulsifying agent is 2-1:1. The provided medicament composition can obviously improve the dissolubility of the nocathiacin, the preparation process is safe, the used materials are economic, the used equipment is simple, and the process steps are a few; and the nocathiacin has remarkable medicament-resistant bacteria activity resistance, so the medicament composition has important clinical application value.


Article history: Received September 19, 2020 Accepted February 27, 2021 Available online October 1, 2021 This study aims to determine the potential of Bacillus subtilis probiotic in reducing levels of ammonia, Vibrio sp, and increased production performance in seaworm cultivation (Nereis sp.) under laboratory scale. Observation of the performance of seaworms (Nereis sp.) was carried out every 10 days which included weight gain (gr), length (cm), total biomass (gr), total bacteria (CFU/mL), total Vibrio sp. (CFU/mL), and total Bacillus subtilis (CFU/mL). Water quality measurements include temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, ammonia, and total organic matter (TOM). Application of probiotics Bacillus subtilis has the potential to reduce ammonia concentration, increase growth, and reduce the abundance of Vibrio sp under laboratory-scale seaworm cultivation. P3 treatment (0.01 mL with a probiotic density of 10 CFU/mL) gave the best results by being able to reduce the ammonia concentration by 47.5%. In summary, the probiotic application using the bacteria Bacillus subtilis with different densities able to provide good results in supporting production performance, maintaining the abundance of Vibrio sp., and reducing ammonia concentration in seaworm cultivation. This is the first study to report the performance of seaworm production using probiotic agent, research is still needed to determine the digestive enzyme activity of seaworms given probiotics.


This paper introduces field experiment of microbiological recovery in Xinbei oilfield,analvzes the mechanism and application conditions of the method,discusses the feasibility of microbiological recovery,and points out a clear way of spreading it among oilfields.This paper also provides a reference for other similar reservoirs to be recovered by this method. Objective evaluation and economic analysis show that this technology is 10w cost,simple to operate,and can obviously increase oil production.


Reliable molecular markers are much needed for early prediction of recurrence in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. We aimed to build a long‐noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature to improve recurrence prediction and lncRNA‐based molecular classification of MIBC.


Statistical analysis is a branch of mathematics with rich content and wide application. Based on the theory of probability and mathematical statistics, it studies random phenomena by analyzing the data obtained from experiments or observations to achieve various reasonable estimations and inferences on the objective regularity of the research objects. Therefore, it is necessary to collect, organize and analyze the random data effectively, and to make as accurate and satisfactory an analysis as possible of the observed problems. In this way we build a necessary foundation for further solving practical problems. Keywords—statistical analysis; teaching; limit problem; new method of solving


. Sex pheromones isolated from the cuticle of the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, release mating behavior in the malefly at ultrashort range or upon contact with baited decoys. Three active components were identified as 15,19-dimethylheptatriacontane, 1 7,21-dimethylheptatriacontane, and 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane. Chemical and biological comparisons show that the natural and synthetic compounds are identical. The Abstract. Monkeys (Macaca) were trained by operant conditioning techniques to report the minimum detectable change in location of a sound in space, and were tested with a series of recorded coo or clear call vocalizations. Acuity of localization varied from approximately 40 to 15? and was a function of the magnitude of the change in pitch (frequency modulation) of the different clear calls. Several lines of evidence suggest that an evolutionary premium has been placed on the ability of animals to locate the origin of sound in space (1). The location of other animals may be revealed by acoustic signals and as a consequence sound localization is likely to play a fundamental role in a variety of biologically critical events including predator avoid-ance, capture of prey, territory delin-eation, kin, prospective mates. biological auditory localization tman,


INTRODUCTION How can we better understand, recognize, and support the role of local civic groups in environmental governance? Natural resource management often begins with a perspective that focuses on public authorities' formal jurisdictions and properties, e.g., federal, state, and local agencies, as well as private property owners and the parcels they manage. Through research focused on adaptation and collaboration in governance, environmental governance is recognized to be composed of collaborative arrangements and polycentric networks of actors working across sectors and scales (Dietz et al. 2003, Folke et al. 2005, Sabatier et al. 2005, Koontz and Thomas 2006, Ostrom 2010, Connolly et al. 2013; see also Davies 2011). At the local level, greater attention is needed on the role of formal and informal civic actors in these networks, not only as property owners or land managers, but as stewards who engage in acts of caretaking and claims-making across public and private lands (Barthel et al. 2005, Andersson et al. 2014). Recognition of the role local stewards play in urban environmental governance (Colding et al. 2006) emerged from the concept of adaptive comanagement (Olsson et al. 2004, Berkes 2009), advanced as part of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. At the same time, research focused on communitybased resource management in the United States expanded to focus on urban ecosystem management (Burch and Grove 1993, Westphal 1993), with a focus on the civic sector (Svendsen and Campbell 2008). From these related branches of inquiry from Europe and America, we find a larger universe of study that explores place-based stewardship as a critical component and, perhaps, an emergent driver of environmental governance and practice.


Much of the true story of the Alamo has been shrouded in myth for 150 years. This comprehensive encyclopedia provides thorough entries for the people, places and events of the Texan Revolution, using both American and Mexican resources.'


This study initiates a systematic evaluation of web search engine performance using queries written in Thai. Statistical testing indicates that there are some significant differences in the performance of search engines. In addition to compare the search performance, an analysis of the returned results is carried out. The analysis of the returned results shows that the majority of returned results are unique to a particular search engine and each system provides quite different results. This encourages the use of metasearch techniques to combine the search results in order to improve the performance and reliability in finding relevant documents. We examine several metasearch models based on the Borda count and Condorcet voting schemes. We also propose the use of Evolutionary Programming (EP) to optimize weight vectors used by the voting algorithms. The results show that the use of metasearch approaches produces superior performance compared to any single search engine on Thai queries.


Method for determining a transverse position information of a motor vehicle (10) on a roadway (16), wherein at least a portion of the road (16) descriptive radar data with at least one radar sensor (1) of the motor vehicle (10) are received, by evaluating in the radar data, the location a lane boundary descriptive environment characteristics can be detected and localized, from these a course of the lane boundaries of the roadway (16) and Lateralabstande (24) of the motor vehicle (10) to the road boundaries are detected and the transverse position information than the or depending on the Lateralabstande (24) of the motor vehicle (10) is determined to the lane boundaries.


In Dakar, open space represents the real condition necessary for the expression of endogenous social emancipation, attributed a key role by the literature in mitigating the polarising effects of globalisation. This paper advances the hypothesis that, faced with reaching a critical threshold in the progressive saturation of unconstructed urban space, the design of constructed space and its borders in the Senegalese capital today assumes relative autonomy in supporting (or precluding) the informal process of the reappropriation of the city. This hypothesis, supported by the results of research in the field, is tested by the diachronic spatial analysis of a specific urban area - the waterfront - in part from the perspective of a radical change in the scenario of the urban development of Dakar.


Lamb, Michael E. Effective Parenting in Contemporary America: Some Cautions and Some Prescriptions. Apr 77 16p.; Paper presented to the Select Conference on Effective Parenting (New Orleans, Louisiana, April, 1977) NF -$0.83 HC-$1.67 Plus Postage. Correlation; Day Care Services; Discipline; Empathy; *Literature reviews; Modeling (Psychological) ; One Parent Family; *Parent Child Relationship; *Parent Influence; *Parent Role; Parents; *Research Problems; Role Models; Socialization; Working Parents This paper summarizes the components of effective, parenting for which substantial empirical support is available and discusses the problems inherent in attempts to.detersine the characteristics of effective parents in order to amend the process of socialization through the modification of parent styles. The aspects of effective parenting discussed include parental sensitivity or empathic understanding of the child, authoritative versus authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, consistency of parental discipline, parents as role models, single-parent families versus intact families, working mothers, and day care. The major problems inherent in drawing inferetces about parenting from research on socialization are identified as: (1) the difficulty of determining the direction-of effects in correlational data, (2) the implicit assumption that all children are equally and similarly malleable, (3) the numerous sources of socialization influence other than parents, and (4).the difficulties of investigating the content as well as the style of parental demands. (JMB) *************44******************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. EIIC makes every effort * * to obtlin the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** C:1 LC\ U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. 4r. EDUCATIONS WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ON EDUCATION 114. THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINv-4 ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS C:3 STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 1.1., EouLA,ioN POSITION OR POLICY EFFECTIVE PARENTING IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICA: SOgE CAUTIONS AND SOME PRESCRIPTIONS. Michael E. Lamb University of Wisconsin Madison Paper presented to the Select Conference on Effective Parenting organized by Bilingual Children's Television, New Orleans, LA, April 1977. PF RMiSSION Tn REPII001)( E THIS mATFMAI HA P,F ,,PANTID BY IlicAcie( E. Lard) TO THE EDO( A T IONAI RESOURCE S INF OIIMATION ( EN TER IE RI(.) AND THE ERIC SYSTEM CONTRACTORS


This article describes several situations in which sighted people behave inappropriately toward blind individuals: assuming they necessarily have other disabilities, dealing with sighted companions instead of directly with the blind person, failing to perform simple helpful acts, insisting on the blind person accepting unwanted assistance, and so on. The study looks at how blind people felt in these situations and how they responded, and reports suggestions on how sighted individuals could act so as to respect and encourage feelings of self-reliance in blind people.


The hydrothermal reaction of VOSO4, As2O3, ZnCl2, en (ethylenediamine), HCl, and H2O produces [{{Zn(en)2}2As6V15O42(H2O)}2{Zn(en)2}]·2Hen·3H2O, which is the first dimeric As-V-O cluster linked by transition metal complex bridge. The structure of this compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, EPR, TGA, and IR spectrum.


Medical treatment of viable unruptured ectopic pregnancies by systemic methotrexate (MTX) is controversial due to elevated failure rates. This study describes a combined local and systemic MTX administration and compares the outcomes between viable ectopics in different locations.


In the period from 2011 to 2015 the first time in the Republic of Komi conducted to study the influence of biologically active substances ("Verva", "Appin") and concentrated organoleptic fertilizer "potassium humate/sodium with microcells" in pure form and the background of mineral fertilizers on productivity of natural grassland floodplains of the River Sysola, and also evaluated the quality of the hay. Introduction the preparation "Verva" on the background N 30 P 45 K 45 possible to obtain the best result. Introduction the drug "Verva" on the background N 30 P 45 K 45 possible to obtain the best result. So productivity of grew by 49.0 % (+ 2.9 t/ga), the collection of the exchange energy by 49.1 % (+ 3.9 Gj/ga), obtained by 1.5 thousand/ha feed units (66.6 % ), and the content crude protein in the ACB was 10.3 %.


M. SHIWA and T. KISHI (Received July 5, 1993) A new acoustic emission (AE) analysis method for fiber reinforced composite material was developed. Phase combinations of first arrival quasi-longitudinal wave of AE in plate (Lamb wave) was analyzed based on AE spherical radiation pattern in infinite homogeneous medium, plate wave propagation properties and detection properties of piezoelectric AE sensor. Angle ply carbon fiber/epoxy composites were prepared to the AE and Ultrasonic C-scope tests to evaluate the fracture processes of delamination. Three stages characterized both the compliance and the AE properties were observed during tensile tests. The spherical AE radiation pattern analysis could distinguish into three types of fracture mode for detected AE events, such as tensile fracture, shear fracture and mixture fracture of tensile and shear. By analyzing the AE spherical pattern events, C-scope, surface and fracture surface observation, fracture processes of the angle ply CFRP were proved. At stage I of which is linear load-strain region, debondings occurred at notch tip along the fiber orientation of each layer as shear fracture. At stage II of which is transient region between stage I and III, coalescence of the debonding in each layer occurred as tensile fracture. At stage III of which is heavy increase of the compliance and the AE counts region, the debonding and the coalescence occurred at the same time along the fiber orientation.


A case study of an HIV-infected Caribbean male with extrapulmonary tuberculosis details his diagnosis, treatment regimens, and follow-up. His presenting symptoms included epigastric pain and fever. Endoscopy and gastric biopsy showed gastritis and helicobacter infection, which were treated symptomatically, and TMP-SMX was given for possible salmonellosis. Serologic tests for common opportunistic infections were negative. After all other expected conditions were ruled out, concurrent symptoms were diagnosed as extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and multi-drug treatment was successfully conducted. The problem of interactions between protease inhibitors and anti-tuberculosis drugs in treating HIV and tuberculosis concurrently is discussed. Three options are addressed: (1) discontinue (or delay starting) the protease inhibitor until at least 6 months of a standard rifampin-containing tuberculosis regimen is completed; (2) discontinue (or delay starting) the protease inhibitor until 2 months of a standard rifampin-containing regimen are completed; and (3) use of rifabutin rather than rifampin.


We demonstrate a nanosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) saturable absorber (SA). The RGO SA is prepared by depositing the graphene oxide (GO) on fluorine mica through thermal reduction of GO. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectrometer, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are adopted to analyze the RGO characteristics. The results show that the reduction degree of graphene oxide is very high. By embedding the RGO SA into the EDFL cavity, a stable mode-locked fiber laser is achieved with a central wavelength of 1567.29 nm and repetition rate of 12.66 MHz. The maximum output power and the minimum pulse duration are measured to be 18.22 mW and 1.38 ns respectively. As far as we know, the maximum output power of 18.22 mW is higher than those of other nanosecond mode-locked oscillators reported. Such a nanosecond pulse duration and megahertz repetition rate make this mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser a suitable seed oscillator for high-power applications and chirped pulse amplifications.


Although efficient light delivery is required for various biomedical applications, the high stiffness of traditional silica‐based optical fibers limits their in vivo usage. In this study, highly deformable and stretchable soft optical fibers are prepared based on the mechanically tough hydrogels of a double network (DN) structure comprising covalently crosslinked acrylamide and ionically crosslinked alginate using a microfluidic device. Owing to the optimized chemical composition, the core/cladding structure, and the mechanical robustness of the prepared hydrogel optical fibers, highly efficient optical delivery is achieved even at highly deformed and elongated states. Furthermore, the microfluidic device further allowed the formation of dual‐core, novel architectures for hydrogel optical fibers. With the aid of the dopamine moiety included in the cladding, the hydrogel optical fibers attached strongly to all surfaces tested. Light delivery is further confirmed by implantation in the biological tissues. The high light‐guiding performance of the developed hydrogel optical fibers enables them to replace the conventional silica optical fibers used in UV/Vis, fluorescence, and photoacoustic spectroscopies. To demonstrate their in vivo fiber‐optic application potential, they are placed inside mice, and the excitation and emission of the generated fluorescence signals are detected.


This paper proposes a new soft-switching strategy for three-phase inverter and rectifier applications. All the main switches and auxiliary switches are turned on and turned off under zero-current-transition (ZCT) conditions. Compared to existing ZCT techniques, the diode reverse recovery is reduced, and the main switch turn-on voltage is reduced to less than the DC link voltage from full DC link voltage-referred to as quasi-zero-voltage-transition (QZVT). In addition, the current stress in the auxiliary switches is reduced and evenly distributed, and the resonant capacitor voltage stress is reduced to 1.3/spl sim/1.4 times the DC link voltage from twice the DC link voltage. The operational principle, state plane analysis, and design aspects are described. Both simulation and experiment results are provided for verification. Based on the proposed technique, finally presented is an application example of three-phase soft-switching inverter for electric vehicle propulsion.


Neutral Resonant Grounding system,when single-phase grounding fault occurs,because of weak fault signal,short duration,it is difficult to accurately fault line selection and fault location.In order to improve the positioning of arc suppression coil grounding system accuracy and adap tability,based on traveling wave two-terminal locating methods,put forward a kind of make full use of the multiple location method of measuring signal.In order to reflect the actual situation of short circuit,joined the fault model in Mayr arc model as the foundation,analyzed the influence of positioning results arc model.The simulation results show that,multiple location than double end positioning method is accurate,and the sampling accuracy in measuring device under the condition of low can also have good accuracy.


An effect of the electron-hole exchange correction in the effective mass equation for a shallow exciton is investigated. In the case of direct excitons in germanium and gallium arsenide it is shown that the exchange correction to the theoretical binding energy is large and may reconcile the discrepancy between the observed value and the simple effectivemass estimate of the binding energy. In the case of indirect excitons the exchange correction is small.


A hybrid anti-/de-icing system combining a superhydrophobic coating and an electrothermal heater is an area of active research for aircraft icing prevention. The heater increases the temperature of the interaction surface between impinging droplets and an aircraft surface. One scientific question that has not been studied in great detail is whether the temperatures of the droplet and the surface or the temperature difference between the two dominate the anti-/de-icing performance. Herein, this scientific question is experimentally studied based on the mobility of a water droplet over a superhydrophobic coating. The mobility is characterized by the sliding angle between the droplet and the coating surface. It was found that the temperature difference between the droplet and the coating surface has a higher impact on the sliding angle than their individual temperatures.


This thesis mainly analyzes the present predicament of Chinese police physical education,and predicts its developing trend and proposes the strategy and countermeasures to solve it.1) In police academic credentials education,add sport health education and change the single professional physical education;2) Start professional education with practice and serve practice;3) change the teaching methods and ways of professional education in police sport;4) establishing a system combining police officers and professional teachers.


Hippophae rhamnoides, also known as sea buckthorn is an ancient plant with modern virtues, due to its nutritional and medicinal value. Sea buckthorn berry is rich in oil. Seeds (seed oil) and fruit pulp (pulp oil) are used for oil extraction. The oil content of Sea buckthorn pulp and seeds are in range of 18.2-43.5% and 7.03 -12.86% respectively. While linoleic (18:2n-6) and a-linolenic (18:3n-3) acids are the major fatty acids in the seed oil, the high level of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7, up to 50%) differentiates sea buckthorn pulp oil from most other oils of plant origin. Oil from sea buckthorn contains several bioactive components such as vitamin E, vitamin K, carotenoids and phytosterols. Sea buckthorn oil has shown great healing effect in treating damaged mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, wound, burn, dry eye, dermatitis and sunburn. The oil from pulp and the seeds of sea buckthorn have been shown to possess anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, hypocholesteromic, hypotensive, anti-hypoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Sea buckthorn oils are used as a source for ingredients in several commercially available cosmetic products and nutritional supplements like jelly, plant capsules, or oral fluids.


In this article the key moments of the necessity to use dummies in the educational process of clinical departments to training students of final years to deal with urgent conditions in cardiological practice, the capabilities of modulators, the experience of introduction of an innovative technique at the department of internal illnesses № 1 of KrasSMU are defined.


Three photoresponsive surfactants, C7H15CONHC6H4NNC6H4N+Me3MeOSO3–(1), C8H17OC6H4NNC6H4CH2N+Me3I–(2), and C16H33OC6H4NNC6H4CH2N+Me3I–(3), have been synthesised. The absorption spectrum of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as a probe for micelle formation indicated that the aggregation mode of these photoresponsive surfactants is affected by photoinduced trans–cis isomerisation of the azobenzene head groups. The catalytic activities of these surfactant aggregates in base-catalysed proton abstraction from benzoin and alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl cyclohexanecarboxylate were estimated in the dark and under photoirradiation. It was found that the rate constants in the micellar systems change sensitively in response to photoirradiation. The results imply that photoinduced isomerisation of the head groups leads to a change in the catalytic activity. This is the first example of photocontrol of micellar catalysis.


T he German soccer coach Sepp Herberger famously said of the sport: "the ball is round, the game lasts 90 minutes, everything else is pure theory." Exploring that theory has been the goal of Andrés Chacoma of the Enrique Gaviola Institute of Physics, Argentina, and colleagues. In 2020, they developed amodel describing the passing dynamics of a soccer team in possession of the ball (see Synopsis: Number Crunching the Beautiful Game). Now they tackle the behavior of the opposing team, investigating the networks that form when defenders mark players on the attacking side [1].


Presently, the awareness of the public along with strict legitimate forces over the use of polymers, the manufacturing and automotive industries started using the renewable materials. Since, natural filler reinforced composites play vital role in developing lightweight structural materials. This study focuses on utilizing saw dust as reinforcement in polyester matrix along with natural filler. Finally, the influence of saw dust a natural filler addition into the KmNO4 chemically treated saw dust composite has been evaluated by mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. It is found that the addition of natural filler and surface treatment has enhanced the properties of composites due to their synergetic effect. This effect improves the adhesion and uniform stress transfer among the reinforcements. The filler surface morphology was evaluated using micrographs obtained from scanning electron microscope.


The compressive strength and anti-chloride ion penetration ability of high performance concrete with compound mineral admixtures are studied,which provide an experimental basis to prepare high performance concrete with compound mineral admixtures.


AbstractThe effects of film thickness and block size on the Hall and Seebeck effects in bismuth films on mica substrates are analyzed using experimental data. A preferential decrease in the electron contribution with a decrease in the film thickness and a preferential decrease in the hole contribution with a decrease in the block size are established. The Hall and Seebeck coefficients are calculated using the classical size effect with regard to carrier scattering at block boundaries and anisotropy of the properties of carriers. In the calculation, the electron and hole mobility components and their concentration in a bismuth single crystal are used and the crystallographic orientation of the film crystal are taken into account. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is concluded that the value and sign of the Hall and Seebeck coefficients in bismuth films are determined by the competition of the classical size effect and scattering at block boundaries.


1College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Highway, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China 2Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China 3East Branch Natural Gas Marketing Company, PetroChina Company Limited, No. 1200 Century Avenue Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China


The objectives of this research were to estimate volume ofcharcoal produced per unit area of Acacia seyal plantations atWadelbashier Forest Reserve and to estimate financial profitability(US$ ha-1 ) of charcoal production, using net present value (NPV) as adecision criterion. Data on tree growth was collected, using fixed-radiustemporary circular sample plots. Present and harvest age standing woodvolumes were estimated. Market-related data were collected throughstructured interviews of key informants of the staff of Forest NationalCorporation (FNC) of Algadarif State, members of Trade Union ofFuelwood Producers and Traders, and from secondary sources of thestate forestry service. The results indicated that the present standingwood volume (m3 ha-1 ) ranged between 8.4 and 26.2 and that charcoalproduction from A. seyal plantations managed for a rotation of 20 yearsat 12% annual discount rate yielded a negative mean financial NPV ofUS$ ha-1 -30.3 indicating that charcoal production at current stocking,factor costs, output prices, a 12% annual discount rate and a rotationlength of 20 years is not financially profitable. The study concludes thatpolicy and management interventions are inevitable for sustainableproduction.


The vertical distribution of microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was determined seasonally for sediments of the salt marsh at Sapelo Island, Georgia. Two study areas were chosen representing major differences in productivity of the marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora. The streamside zone represented an area of greater production of S. alterniflora than did the high marsh zone. In addition, differences in other features were noted. In all cases the concentration of ATP was greatest in the surface 1 cm and decreased with increasing depth. ATP varied seasonally in both regions. A comparison was made of the sediment organic carbon and total nitrogen within the sediments and the calculated carbon and nitrogen associated with the microbial community. The contribution of these elements within the microbial community is at most a few percent of the total pools. The surface sediment ATP values reported here are within the range of those for water-logged sediments from various diverse environments.


We present BVRI polarimetric measurements of nine bright stars in a 15′-square region centered on Stock 19. Seven of them satisfy the Serkowski equation for star light polarization due to interstellar dust. This allowed us to estimate the degree of maximum polarization (pmax) and the wavelength of maximum polarization (λmax). Along this line of sight, pmax ranges from 0.332% to 0.948%, and the average λmax of 0.542 ± 0.018 μm yields a total-to-selective extinction ratio RV = 3.04 ± 0.11. Four of the observed stars were previously listed as high-probability members of Stock 19. However, based on their Gaia distances, they are spread out along the line of sight and show a correlation between polarization and distance that is typical for the diffuse interstellar medium. The extinction, as obtained from dust maps, and the Planck 353 GHz polarization are low for this line of sight, additionally suggesting that these stars might not represent an actual cluster. The polarization parameters of three of the observed stars indicate the possible presence of an intrinsic polarization component, likely due to circumstellar material.


Background: Several methods have been described to measure external rotation of the tibial tuberosity; all use femoral landmarks. Purpose: To develop reproducible tibial-based methods to measure external rotation of the tibial tuberosity in patients with patellar instability. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were magnetic resonance images of 61 patients with patellar instability and 61 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Three novel methods using tibial landmarks to measure the rotation of the tibial tuberosity (plateau axis-tuberosity axis [PA-TA] angle, tibial geometric center-tuberosity axis [GC-TA] angle, and plateau axis-midtuberosity point [PA-MT] angle) as well as a femoral-based rotational measurement (surgical transepicondylar axis-tuberosity axis [sTEA-TA] angle) and the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance were measured and compared in instability patients and controls using unpaired t tests, and the cutoff values for predicting instability were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The correlations between the angle measurements and the TT-TG distance were analyzed. Results: Instability patients had significantly higher external rotation of the tibial tuberosity compared with controls with regard to the PA-TA angle (18.2° ± 9.6° versus 13.1° ± 6.8°; P = .001), GC-TA angle (8.4° ± 4.5° versus 11.5° ± 3.9°; P = .0001) and sTEA-TA angle (122° ± 8.5° versus 113.6° ± 6.3°; P = .0001). The mean TT-TG distance was also significantly higher in the instability group (18.2 ± 5.4 versus 11.5 ± 2.7 mm; P = .001). The cutoff values were 17.5° (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.66) for PA-TA angle, 8.5° (AUC = 0.705) for GC-TA angle, 118.8° (AUC = 0.79) for sTEA-TA angle, and 15.2 mm for TT-TG distance (AUC = 0.863). PA-TA angle was significantly correlated with all other measurements (r = 0.35-0.71; P ≤ .006 for all), whereas sTEA-TA angle had the strongest correlation with TT-TG distance (r = 0.78; P = .001). Conclusion: The tibial tuberosity was externally rotated in patellar instability patients compared with age- and sex-matched controls, and this intrinsic malalignment of the proximal tibia was demonstrated in the tibial-based measurements.


The combustion behavior of coal depends upon not only the coal characteristics but also the combustion conditions. The current understanding about the combustion of coal char during the extreme con...


The characteristics and functions of cyber-physical system provide effective thinking and approach for discrete manufacturing intelligent production and competitiveness.Based on the existing networking and the concept of CPS and combining the existing discrete manufacturing industry structure characteristics,we constructed a discrete manufacturing physical system basic framework based on the CPS,at the same time,the framework and the corresponding function module were analyzed.Finally,several important research problems associated with the existing discrete manufactu-ring of CPS,including the discrete manufacturing CPS basic theory and system model,system optimization scheduling and autonomous mechanism,safety,reliability,system verification and so on,were elaborated.


Abstract These three hypotheses guiding the Fein and Fryer (1995) review are summarized. In spite of the failure to find persuasive support for the notion that maternal participation in toddler pretense contributes to subsequent pretend competence, the belief that an effect will be eventually found is tenacious. Better measures and better analytic models might have more success, but support for such optimism is lacking. Alternative sources of this competence must also be evaluated, especially since pretense is thought to be a component of theory of mind.


Introduction: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the major Health Care-Related Infections (HAI) and a persistent problem in the hospital setting. Objective: To characterize SSI in a public teaching hospital located in the city of Cascavel-PR. Method: cross-sectional retrospective study of documentary source and quantitative approach. The SSIs notified from May 2017 to May 2018 were analyzed. The variables of interest were tabulated and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: there were 5,169 surgical procedures in the period, with 196 (100%) cases of SSI. Of these, there was a predominance in young adults aged between 21 and 40 years (39.3%). The specialty of Gynecology / Obstetrics (30.1%) and General Surgery (29.1%) presented the highest rates of SSI, most frequently in Potentially Contaminated surgeries (53.1%); with superficial incisional SSI (59.7%); and with clinical confirmation criteria (79.1%). Regarding the microorganisms isolated in the cultures, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.7%) and Enterococcus spp (16.7%) stood out. Conclusions: It is noted that there is a need to review SSI prevention measures, especially due to the proportion of clean surgeries that developed the adverse event. However, considering the values reported in the literature, the overall rate of SSI was discrete.


This paper overlooks the military aspect of the age-long interaction between China and Africa, and how it impacts the peace in Africa. Issues that border on China-Africa's relations have no doubt gained currency in academic discourses centering mainly on trade, and economically related factors. However, the military dimensions of the relationship, especially China's military involvement in Africa are passing with minimal scholarly attention, yet are in need of examination. Within the general ambit of China's expanding engagement in Africa, this paper discusses the military factor. It historically contextualizes China-African military links, and argues that China's continued arms sales to Africa's problem areas, cynical military relations and support to rogue and blood-thirst regimes, and its double-dealing peacekeeping roles in Africa, do not help the peace conditions of Africa's wobbling states.


An objective monitoring of the changes of body constitution by means of selected parameters becomes possible under the presumption of existing representative reference standards. In view of the influence of secular trendsand acceleration, these reference data should be kept up to date. In the case of the Czech population it has been made possible due to the all-state anthropological investigation of children and youth, which paid attention to the Czech population from birth to 18 years of age. These investigations were made in 10-year intervals since 1951. In this short communication the authors inform the users, especially pediatricians, about some of the results of the 6th All-state Investigation of Children and Adolescents, having been performed in 2001. The research was made under completely different, much more difficult conditions than the previous five investigation were. In spite of that it became possible to collect data from 59,000 probands from their birth to the age of 20 years. The authors draw attention to new recent reference standards presented in the form of percentile graphs, which are included in the new design of vaccination card as well as to the possibility to use the new percentile graph of stature and BMI index issued in collaboration with Eli Lilly Company. The authors intend to publish the results at an early occasion in a classical paper as well as in electronic form, making a practical application possible.


Strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, isolated from patients and carriers among the Victorian and New South Wales populations, have been examined for their cultural, biochemical, serological and phagetyping characteristics, with special emphasis on their distribution and occurrence. A reappraisal of these diagnostic techniques is suggested, since a number of strains have been isolated which do not conform to the classic picture of the disease with respect to not only those characters, but also the clinical symptoms.


Piled-raft foundations can be employed to transfer loads induced by embankments or surcharges to stiffer stratum through soft soil strata and thus to mitigate negative skin friction and lateral push on adjacent pile foundations such as bridge abutments. Using a simplified method based on Mindlin stress solutions as well as 3-dimensional numerical analyses with elastic and elastoplastic constitutive models,the negative skin friction and lateral push on the piles for the Great Trans-oceanic Hangzhou Bay Bridge due to intersecting Jiaxing Port embankment are evaluated. The results indicate that the simplified method based on Mindlin stress solutions can be adopted roughly to assess the negative skin friction and lateral push on piles due to adjacent pile foundations as it compares well with numerical analyses.


The vast majority of studies in the bone tissue engineering field are focused on the surface modification of titanium scaffolds to obtain integration of the scaffold in the surrounding bone tissue. Our approach consisted in benefiting from the advantages of the cell-interaction capabilities of collagen and gelatin. The biopolymers were immobilised onto the Ti surface through different methods and the stability of the obtained coatings was determined. The obtained results reveal that covalent immobilisation of collagen and gelatin is required to obtain stable surface coatings.


Background: Online learning emerged as an alternative method in time of COVID-19 pandemic.  Zoom app, google app, LT software platform etc are helping to minimize the gaps in learning as a consequence of the current circumstances in which conventional teaching is being withheld. We conducted a study to find perception among medical undergraduate students of our college regarding effectiveness of online learning.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 medical undergraduate students of S.N. Medical College, Agra. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used and a total of 506 students responded. Data obtained was analyzed and inferences were drawn.Results: We observed mixed perceptions having both favorable as well as unfavorable elements with their first and short experience of online learning. Majority of students found time flexibility (58.8%) and location flexibility (62%) in online learning as beneficial. While three-fourth (77.5%) missed interest created in collective learning. Majority also felt lack of concentration (59.7%), understanding (51.0%) and interaction (67.2%) with online learning. Around two-third of them reported technical malfunctioning and also pilling up of lesson material. Half of the student stated that home environment was not conducive for online learning. 71.2% wanted both online learning and conventional learning as future mode of learning after the end of pandemic. 28.3% recommended improvement in the online learning.Conclusions: This study found mixed perceptions regarding online learning. This study also provided valuable inputs which can be utilized to improve effectiveness and quality of online medical education delivery in future.


Although recognition of the significance of gender divisions continues to transform economic geography, the discipline nevertheless remains highly uneven in its degree of engagement with gender as a legitimate focus of analysis. In particular, although social institutions are now widely regarded as key determinants of economic success, the regional learning and innovation literature remains largely gender blind, simultaneously subordinating the female worker voice and making invisible distinctively gendered patterns of work in the face of an increasingly feminised labour force. Focusing on the industrial agglomeration of information and communication technology firms in Cambridge, England, we first outline the nature of the inequalities in patterns of work and social interaction among female versus male employees within Cambridge's high-tech regional economy. Second, we demonstrate how these inequalities in turn constrain female employees' abilities to contribute to key processes widely theorised to underpin firms' innovative capacities and economic competitiveness. Specifically, these self-identified constraints centre on female workers' abilities to: (a) act as agents of information and knowledge diffusion between firms; and (b) use new information and knowledge once they enter the firm. Overall, our results suggest that gender issues of social equity at the level of the individual worker need to be explicitly integrated with issues of economic competitiveness at the levels of the firm and the region. This is a case not simply of female employees being socially excluded at work, but of their simultaneous exclusion from key elements of firms' productive processes.


In this paper we derive the Schroedinger equation by assuming it describes the time evolution of a deterministic and reversible process that leaves at each moment in time a different observable well defined; that is, it allows an accurate prediction for it. We also derive an expression for the well defined observable and apply this expression to the cases of spin precession and a free particle.


Stacheoceras Gemmellaro is a well known, globally distributed genus of Permian ammonoids ranging from the Artinskian to Changhsingian (Kullmann et al., 2000) or from the Kungurian to Changhsingian (Leonova, 2002). Over 50 species of the genus have hitherto been known worldwide, almost all of which are rather small in size, with diameters less than 10 cm. Only two species, Stacheoceras xiukangense Sheng and S. raridentatum Sheng from Xizang, southwest China, attain a diameter over 10 cm (Sheng, 1984, 1988). The following taxa of Stacheoceras, all regularsized, have been reported from the Wordian to Changhsingian strata of the South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan: Stacheoceras aff. grunwaldti Gemmellaro (Hayasaka, 1965), S. iwaizakiense Mabuti (Mabuti, 1935; Ehiro and Bando, 1985), S. otomoi Ehiro, Shimoyama and Murata (Ehiro et al., 1986), S. cf. trimulti Diener (Working Group on the PermianTriassic Systems, 1975) and S. sp. (Hayasaka, 1940; Koizumi, 1975; Ehiro et al., 1986; Ehiro and Araki, 1997; Ehiro, 2001). Recently a considerably large specimen of Stacheoceras was recovered from the Upper Permian of South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan. It has also a more complex external suture line than all the previously known species. This paper describes it as a new species, Stacheoceras giganteum sp. nov. Stacheoceras giganteum sp. nov. was collected by Hitoshi Hasegawa from a calcareous nodule included in mudstone of the lower part of the Suenosaki Formation exposed along the Pacific coast of Ishihama, Minamisanriku-cho (former Utatsu-cho), Motoyoshigun, Miyagi prefecture. The fossil locality is the same as Loc. 3 of Utatsu district in Ehiro and Bando (1985) and yields such ammonoid fossils as Stacheoceras iwaizakiense Mabuti, Timorites intermedium (Wanner), Pseudogastrioceras sp., Araxoceras cf. rotoides Ruzhentsev, A. sp., Vescotoceras japonicum (Bando and Ehiro), V. sp., Dzhulfoceras cf. furnishi Ruzhentsev (Ehiro and Bando, 1985; Ehiro et al., 1986; Ehiro, 2001). Based on these ammonoids, especially on the occurrence of Pseudogastrioceras, Araxoceras, Vescotoceras and Dzhulfoceras, the fossil horizon of the lower part of the Suenosaki Formation is correlatable with the Upper Permian Wuchiapingian (Ehiro and Bando, 1985; Ehiro, 2001)


ABSTRACT Laser diffraction particle size measurements are shown to be superior to porosity-permeability correlations in predicting the permeability of unconsolidated samples. For slightly laminated, deep water, Plio-Pleistocene, medium silt to very fine-grained sand samples from an offshore Louisiana well, there are good correlations between the grain size parameters and measured permeability. Although the permeabilities calculated from the Krumbein and Berg equations are well correlated with permeability, the Carman-Kozeny equation is preferred because it comes the closest to a one-to-one fit. For samples with significant laminations, a good fit between measured and calculated permeability was obtained by modifying the Carman-Kozeny equation for the proportional amount of the coarser layers. For samples with median grain diameters of 90 microns or less (very fine-grained sand) sieve analysis does not adequately resolve the grain size for prediction of permeability.


Reliability of non-destructive (NDT) procedures is usually assessed using probability of detection

(POD). However, the reliability of the POD is rarely questioned. A POD usually produces a curve

that relates the size of a defect to the likelihood that it will be detected by the NDT procedure.

PODs are often used in conjunction with fracture mechanics that can relate the severity of a flaw

to the service life of a component (Fitness for Service or FFS). To this end, it is the flaw vertical

extent relative to the component thickness that is important. Closely related to the concern for

flaw height is how close the flaw is relative to the surface of the component. Proximity to a surface

can increase the stresses raised by the flaw and make it more critical to the fitness for service. Use

of full matrix capture (FMC) techniques in ultrasonic testing, in conjunction with the postprocessing use of Total Focussing Method (TFM), has shown good potential to provide accurate

flaw sizing. This paper examines the results of a round-robin trial using CIVA simulated data that

were configured to assess flaw height and ligament in simulated welds. Results suggest that FMC

with TFM post-processing can provide sizing estimates as good or better than manufacture

estimates and can be used as the actual measured values for POD assessments.


Wire form springs are made by bending spring wires into various shapes and designed to perform many different functions. There are a multitude of applications for wire form springs, which include load carrying links, clips, clamps, electrical resistance units, decoration items, or furniture parts. Although wire form springs have been widely used for various applications, there are no general design formulas or equations for them. Wire form springs are mainly designed by try-and-error or intuitive approaches. In this paper, a systematic method is introduced for analyzing and synthesizing wire from springs. To analyze a wire form spring, a B-spline curve is first employed to interpolate the center curve of the wire form spring. The stress and deflection of the wire form spring are then analyzed based on its piecewise parametric interpolation. To synthesize a wire form spring, the center curve of the wire form spring is first modelled as a B-spline curve and described by the control polygon of the B-spline curve. The synthesis of a wire form spring then becomes the optimization of the control parameters of the B-spline curve. Examples on the analysis and synthesis of wire form springs are presented in the paper to verify the effectiveness and demonstrate the procedure of the introduced method. Keywords—wire form spring; analysis; synthesis; Bspline; interpolation; control parameter.


Microwave cladding has emerged as a noble surface modification method. Microwave cladding uses the principle of microwave hybrid heating in which a suitable separator material is used. In the present work, Ni/wc based composite clads were developed on austenitic steel through microwave heating route at 900W and 2.45GHz. The effect of various preheating temperature of raw powders and different thickness of separator on the development of composite clads have been analyzed. It was observed that the minimum processing time for development of clad was achieved at 1 mm thickness of susceptor and 180 °C of preheating temperature.


Background: Coronary artery stenting has become the most important non-surgical treatment for symptomatic coronary artery disease. However, in-stent restenosis occurs at a relatively high rate and this problem has led to the routine use of invasive angiography for assessing stent patency. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine sensitivity and specificity of Computerized Topography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) for evaluation of coronary stent patency regarding its different sites and sizes. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients presented for follow up after previous coronary stent implantation within at least 6 months regardless presence or absence of symptoms suggestive of in-stent restenosis. It was carried out at Nasr City Police Hospital in the span of one year from June 2018 to June 2019. The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Al-Azhar University Hospitals and a written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Results: The current study revealed a good diagnostic accuracy of the MSCT coronary angiography (91.2%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 88.2%, 92%, 83.3% and 94.3% respectively. We also concluded the higher diagnostic accuracy of ISR in LAD compared to other vessels as well as higher diagnostic accuracy of ISR of proximal stents and stents of diameter > 3mm. Conclusion: It was concluded that the 320-slice CT coronary angiography is a robust test that can be used confidently to diagnose patients with coronary stents and more importantly to rule out significant coronary instent restenosis in patients with high likelihood of having significant ISR.


Background: The installation of drainage after MRM surgery has been aimed at reducing seroma formation. However, when the drain should be removed has not been studied well. This study aims to determine the association of early drain removal with seroma formation.
Methods: A nested cohort study was conducted on 40 breast cancer patients undergoing MRM surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups; off-drain day I and day III post-surgery. Seroma formation was assessed 7 days after the patient was discharged.
Results: Seroma formation seven days after discharge occurs in 25 of the total 40 patients (62.5%). There was no difference in seroma incidence between groups of patients on the off-drain day I and day III seven days after discharge (65% vs. 60%) (p 1,000) or the number of seromas (157.31 +120.00 ml vs. 149.58 + 110.00 ml) (p 0.437).
Conclusion: Removing the drain faster does not reduce the incidence and number of seromas seven days after discharge.


The need to control the oil content in ballast and tank-cleaning discharges to meet increasingly stringent seawater pollution standards has led to the development of a gravity-type separator capable of handling up to 300 tons/hr of oily ballast water. When properly handled, these separators enable the tanker operator to clean tanks and process oily ballast with an oil content of up to 100% without fear of contamination of the seas. This continuous and automatic operation is unaffected by normal movements. The recovered oil is available for burning as fuel aboard ship, load-on-top or disposal ashore. Separators of this type have been in use on three 70,000 dwt ships, for periods of 1 to 3 yr. On typical voyages, a ship of this size can recover enough slop oil to provide one day or more of bunkers, if the ship is equipped to burn the recovered oil. The ship's crew is trained to carry out analysis of the oil to determine if the oil can be burned onboard immediately following separation or must be treated to drop out salt and/or water prior to burning. Several typical ballast voyages using the separator are discussed. The overboard discharge of water from the separatormore » is analyzed to assure compliance with current pollution regulations.« less


In this work, the Laplace transform direct Boundary Element Method is used for the transient dynamic analysis of 3D linear piezoelectric solids with cavities. The present boundary element formulation is based on the regularized displacement boundary integral equation. Integral expressions of the displacement and traction fundamental solutions in Laplace domain are employed. The collocation method and mixed boundary elements are used for the spatial discretization. The proposed boundary element technique is used to solve dynamic problems involving piezoelectric solids with prismatic cavities.


This work deals with the multiview colorization of large site acquired during rapid survey conducted in natural uncontrolled climatic and light conditions. Image stitching and weighting methods are adapted to perform fine per vertex depth maps colorizations. Different transfer functions are evaluated to obtain the best visual results. The rendering computation time of our solution is compatible with real-time fieldwork. For models composed of large scans series, the results exhibit an uniform coloring and no significant visual artifacts. A global color quality map is also produced to identify weakness and to determine the next acquisition parameters.


Cores obtained to a depth of 2164 meters in the Antarctic ice sheet at Byrd station have undergone considerable relaxation since they were drilled. This relaxation, manifested as a density decrease of the ice with time, could still be detected more than 16 months after the cores had been pulled to the surface. The greatest measurable relaxation, of the order 0.6% expansion, occurred in cores from around 800 meters' depth. Ice from 400–900 meters proved to be much more brittle than deeper ice and was characterized by an abundance of highly compressed air bubbles. These bubbles had disappeared completely by 1100 meters, most probably as a result of the diffusion of gas molecules into the ice lattice, and this, together with the formation below 1200 meters of an oriented crystal fabric (characterized by a strong vertical orientation of crystallographic c axes) is believed to be responsible for the greatly increased ductility of the deeper cores. Relaxation of ice from the brittle zone occurs primarily as a result of expansion of pressurized air bubbles. In deeper, bubble-free ice, however, relaxation can be attributed to the creation of new space resulting from the formation of cleavage cracks, plate-like voids and cavities, especially the latter, which become filled with gas derived from the air originally dissolved under pressure in the ice sheet.


State building is seen as the central tenet of many present-day development efforts. This rests on a global normative script that emphasizes the modern state's role in providing governance services from security to education to health. However, the relationship between statehood and governance outcomes is not well understood. We use a macro-quantitative approach to analyze state performance in various governance dimensions including security, health, education, economic subsistence, infrastructure, and the environment. We test for the power of statehood in explaining the variation in governance outcomes while controlling for various other factors prominent in the respective debates in political science, economics, and development studies. The analysis yields three interesting results. First, statehood does not have a consistent significant relationship with governance outcomes. It matters more for some outcomes than for others. Second, we find that statehood sometimes performs better at predicting subjective (survey-based) evaluations than at predicting objective measures of governance outcomes (which confirms the ubiquity of the normative script). Finally, we find that the degree of domestic female empowerment performs consistently strong at explaining the variation in governance outcomes. This result is consistent with the policy community's emphasis on women's roles in development.


The Bryan (Woodbine) Field is a major oil reservoir which was recently discovered in Southeast Texas. The initial reservoir performance, reservoir rock properties, and reservoir fluid data indicated that the reservoir pressure would soon be depleted below the bubble-point pressure. The operators and working interest owners in the field realized the need for unitization in order to maximize the ultimate recovery from the reservoir and therefore began cooperative discussions and regular meetings early in the reservoir life. Because the reservoir is located largely under the city limits, there are a number of unique problems related to development and unitization. A unitization formula has been negotiated and the Unit Agreement is being circulated for ratification. Engineering studies of secondary recovery by waterflooding are in progress. The purposes of this paper are (1) to present the geology, performance history, and reservoir parameters of the Bryan Field, (2) to describe the unitization process and its status, and (3) to discuss enhanced recovery alternatives.


This study focused on the implementation of display technology used for providing information to hearing impaired students wishing to studying Information Technology (IT) at a higher education level. In this work, virtual reality scenes superimposed on the real world were created, using a smartphone application with specialized equipment to provide the projection. The Augmented Reality (AR) of smartphone applications was designed with Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in order to help with learning of hearing impaired high school students. The objective of the mobile AR application was to provide students with a tool to understand the content without the help of teachers. Because video content has been translated into the Thai sign language, smartphones could be used to read markers serving to provide education guidance for higher education. In AR technology, virtual objects are placed real-time on the real environment. To provide education guidance, the study used an AR application called Aurasma. A heuristic technique and the UDL were applied to the development of the education guidance on Aurasma. A total of 30 students of Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University took part in this study. The heuristic evaluation results of this study were rated as good and the application has a potential to help hearing impaired students to become more interested in higher education, resulting in more education opportunities in higher education for them.


The Pixel Detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment were installed and commissioned in the Summer and Fall of 2008, removed, repaired and reinstalled in the Spring of 2009 and recommissioned in the Summer of 2009 in preparation for beam at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this note we present pixel detector operating parameters, vertexing performance, and long–lived particle mass reconstruction using data collected during the Fall of 2009 with 450 GeV/c and 1.18 TeV/c circulating proton beams. Presented at VCI2010: Vienna Conference on Instrumentation 2010 Operational Experience with the CMS Pixel Detectors Will E. Johns (for the CMS Collaboration) Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Abstract The Pixel Detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment were installed and commissioned in the Summer and Fall of 2008, removed, repaired and reinstalled in the Spring of 2009 and recommissioned in the Summer of 2009 in preparation for beam at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this note we present pixel detector operating parameters, vertexing performance, and long–lived particle mass reconstruction using data collected during the Fall of 2009 with 450 GeV/c and 1.18 TeV/c circulating proton beams.The Pixel Detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment were installed and commissioned in the Summer and Fall of 2008, removed, repaired and reinstalled in the Spring of 2009 and recommissioned in the Summer of 2009 in preparation for beam at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this note we present pixel detector operating parameters, vertexing performance, and long–lived particle mass reconstruction using data collected during the Fall of 2009 with 450 GeV/c and 1.18 TeV/c circulating proton beams.


A non-coherent synchronous optical fiber code-division multiple-access (CDMA) network is proposed. In this network, sequence-inversion keying (SIK) of intensity modulated unipolar balanced Walsh code sequences is employed, whereby a code sequence is transmitted for each data '1' bit while the logical complement of that sequence is transmitted for each data '0' bit. At the receiver the received optical signal is correlated with the bipolar form of the reference sequence. Since the code sequences are balanced and the unipolar-bipolar correlation is implemented the same correlation functions as a bipolar system can be obtained. Hence, in the proposed synchronous optical fiber CDMA network , the cross-correlation of the address sequence and the undesired sequences is zero, that is, the interference is completely eliminated. Therefore, a very large number of users can transmit at the same time and very high throughput can be achieved. The novel design of programmable transmitter and receiver for non-coherent synchronous optical fiber CDMA networks using balanced Walsh codes is also presented. The transmitter and receiver are designed based on the use of electro-optical switches and optical delay-lines.


The purpose of this study was to discover Turkish parents' beliefs and perceptions about their involvement in young children's education. Specifically, this study sought to assess Turkish parents': (1) motivational beliefs, including their role activity and self-efficacy beliefs about involvement, (2) perceptions of invitations, including general school and teacher-specific, to be involved, and (3) perceptions of life context variables, including personal knowledge and skills and personal time and energy for involvement activities. This study also explored the impact of demographic characteristics on the psychological factors of parent involvement. The demographic variables in this study included parents' age and gender, parents' income and education levels, parents' marital and employment status, and number of children. The investigator used quantitative research techniques to address the topic. Participants were 374 Turkish parents who had young children. Parents' beliefs and perceptions about their involvement were measured by using the adapted Turkish version of the related Level 1 scales from the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler parent involvement model.


The Mg II index and sunspot area are usually used to represent the intensification contribution by solar bright structures to total solar irradiance (TSI) and sunspot darkening, respectively. In order to understand the cause of the solar cycle variation of TSI, we use extension of wavelet transform, wavelet coherence (WTC), and partial wavelet coherence (PWC), to revisit this issue. The WTC of TSI with sunspot area shows that the two time series are very coherent on timescales of one solar cycle, but the PWC of TSI with sunspot area, which can find the results of WTC after eliminating the effect of the Mg II index, indicates that the solar cycle variation of TSI is not related to sunspots on the solar surface. The coherence of two time series at these timescales should be due to a particular phase relation between sunspots and TSI. The WTC and PWC of TSI with Mg II index show that the solar cycle variation of TSI is highly related to Mg II index, which reflects the relation of TSI with the long-term part of Mg II index that shows the intensification contribution by the small magnetic features to TSI. Consequently, the solar cycle variation of TSI is dominated by the small magnetic features on the solar full disk. Additionally, we also show the combined effects of the sunspot darkening and the intensification contribution represented by Mg II index to TSI on timescales of a few days to several months and indicate that the faculae increase TSI and contribute to its variation at these timescales.


In a previous study, 17 rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns were tested using a push-out test method to examine the interfacial bond behaviour. In this study, these specimens were subjected to axial compressive tests to study the effects of interfacial damage on the ultimate axial compressive capacity. The variations in both the load–axial displacement curves and load–strain curves were recorded and then compared to study the influences of both the steel tube fabrication method and the D/B ratio on the axial load–carrying capacity. The axial compressive behaviour of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns with no interfacial damage was then studied using a numerical analysis method. The contact stress distribution along the length and width of the face and at the height of the interface was obtained and discussed. In addition, the ultimate axial compressive capacity of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns with no interfacial damage was calculated using the formulas from three international codes. The influence of interfacial damage on the axial compressive bearing capacity of a rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular column was discussed through a comparison of the results of the numerical simulation, formula calculation and experiments. The influence of the interfacial gaps caused by the push-out tests on the axial bearing capacity of the concrete-filled steel tubular columns can be ignored, because the core concrete was not destroyed and the outside steel tube can provide a sufficient constraint force on the concrete when the two materials yielded. Finally, the influences of the gap type and size on the bearing capacity were discussed.


The modeling and control for the compass-like biped robot are studied through analysis and numerical simulation. The energy-based control strategy is presented to improve the stability and robustness of the biped locomotion and extend the attraction region of the limit cycle.The slope-invariance control law is then designed to make the biped locomotion invariable to different slopes.Switching between different models for different slopes can be realized by combining the slope-invariance control law with the energy-based control strategy.The average-speed control based on the desired-energy control relates the average moving speed with the desired energy level and introduces a new type of stable limit cycle in the robot's walking.Finally,the future development of the control of compass gait biped is discussed.


The present invention relates to a powder conveying apparatus by a powder storage system A, the pressurized powder delivery System B, the powder flow rate monitoring and adjusting System C, D, and the powder weighing systems consisting of a powder recovery system E, the said first powder into the powder storage system a, system B into the powder delivery pressure under the negative pressure of gravity and the pressurizer, the flow rate is controlled by monitoring and adjusting the flow of powder system C, the powder is discharged in a continuous manner ; state or when establishing steady flow meter calibration coefficient acquired flow before driving, of pressing the powder discharged from the powder flow rate monitoring and adjusting the system C enters the powder weighing system through a valve D converter, and calculates the weighed powder flowmeter calibration factor, and then return to the powder recovery system E powder recycling storage system under reduced pressure. The simple structure, small investment, continuous process operation, stable flow rate adjustment range, energy saving. Thus, the powder conveying apparatus of the present invention is adaptable, has a very broad application prospects.


The issue of teachers' efficacy is of importance as teacher preparation programs throughout the world attempt to address shortages of qualified, competent teachers. In the field of science education, monitoring and reacting to the issue of efficacy seems to be one way in which teacher preparation programs are evaluating the structure of programs. In developing countries there is an immediate need for qualified and innovative science instruction as governments attempt to insure that a pool of scientists, engineers and computer specialists are trained for business and academic research and citizens are provided with (and retain) some understanding of science. This study provides a comparison of the self-efficacy of future science teachers in two countries (one developed and one rapidly developing). Analysis suggests what might be learned to aid teacher preparation programs in many settings. Teachers' sense of efficacy is a construct derived from Bandura's (1977) theory of self-efficacy in which the generalized behavior of an individual is based upon two factors, (a) a belief about action and outcome; and (b) a personal belief about one's ability to cope with a task. TschannenMoran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) defined teacher efficacy as a teacher's "judgment of his or her capabilities to bring about desired outcomes of student engagement and learning, even among those students who may be difficult or unmotivated." (p.783) Teacher efficacy has been found to be one of the important variables consistently related to positive teaching behavior and student outcomes (Gibson & Dembo, 1984; Ashton & Webb; 1986, Enochs et al., 1995; Woolfolk & Hoy, 1990; Henson, 2001). Research on the efficacy of teachers suggests that behaviors such as persistence at a task, risk taking, and the use of innovations are related to degrees of efficacy (Ashton & Webb, 1986). For example, highly efficacious teachers are more likely to use openended, inquiry, student-directed teaching strategies, while teachers with a low sense of efficacy were more likely to use teacher-directed teaching strategies such as lecture or reading from the textbook. Research indicates ̆ ̆


Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalamu alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Greetings to all of us! The honourable Indonesian Computer University Rector, Dr. Ir. Eddy Soeryanto Soegoto The honourable Dean Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Professor. Dr. Ibnu Samugyo Redjo, Drs. MA. The honourable Chairman of Communication Science Class 5, Ramdan The honourable all lecturer and staff of Communication Sciences Department And also the audience and seminar participants Firstly, let s say thanks to our god Allah SWT, the lord of the world, the lord of the universe who has been giving us His blessing and mercy so that we can gather in this place without something wrong happen. Amin. Secondly,


Rogozinski, Marcos; Barbosa, Carlos Roberto Hall Barbosa (Advisor); Costa Monteiro, Elisabeth (Co-advisor). Deep learning applied to locating ferromagnetic foreign bodies in humans. Rio de Janeiro, 2021. 95p. Dissertação de Mestrado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metrologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Ferromagnetic foreign bodies accidentally inserted in patients usually need to be surgically removed. The methods conventionally employed for locating foreign bodies are often ineffective due to the low accuracy in determining the position of the object and pose risks arising from the exposure of medical staff and patients to ionizing radiation during long-term procedures. New methods using SQUID sensors successfully located foreign bodies in an innocuous and noninvasive way, but they have the drawback of presenting high cost and low portability. This work is part of new research that seeks to bring greater portability and low cost in locating foreign bodies in the human body using GMI and GMR sensors. The main objective of this work is to evaluate and apply the use of Deep Learning in the development of a portable and manual device based on a GMR sensor, including position tracking and orientation of this device from images of known patterns obtained by a camera integrated to the device and the solution of the inverse magnetic problem from the obtained magnetic mapping. The techniques presented are capable of tracking the device with good accuracy and detecting the localization of the foreign body with similar or better results than those obtained in previous works, depending on the parameter. The results obtained are promising as a basis for future developments.


This study engages with how prospective teachers of English (PTEs) conceptualize intercultural communicative competence (ICC). In particular, we focus on the underlying sources that influence the development of ICC for pre-service teachers in a teacher education program in Turkey. A self-assessment scale and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. The results reveal that the definition of ICC is vague among the PTEs, and their understanding of it is insufficient. In particular, while they can provide a definition of ICC, they rarely mention characteristics beyond linguistic competence. Further to this, travel and exchange programs, as well as peer interactions are the primary sources of ICC as reported by PTEs; while academic courses have no statistically significant contribution.
Keywords: intercultural communicative competence; prospective teachers of English; perception; contributing sources; academic program
Cette etude porte sur la facon dont les futurs enseignants d'anglais concoivent la competence communicative interculturelle (CCI). Plus particulierement, nous nous penchons sur les sources sous-jacentes qui influencent le developpement de la CCI chez les enseignants en formation dans un programme de formation a l'enseignement en Turquie. Une grille d'autoevaluation et des entrevues semi-structurees ont servi d'outils de collecte de donnees. Les resultats indiquent que la definition de la CCI est vague chez les futurs enseignants d'anglais et qu'ils possedent insuffisamment de connaissances a ce sujet. Notamment, meme s'ils sont en mesure de fournir une definition de la CCI, ils en notent rarement les caracteristiques autres que la competence linguistique. De plus, comme sources principales de CCI, les futurs enseignants d'anglais nomment les voyages, les programmes d'echange et les interactions avec les pairs; les cours academiques n'y contribuent pas de facon statistiquement significative.
Mots cles : competence communicative interculturelle; futurs enseignants d'anglais; perception; sources contributrices; programme academique


Background: Postpartum hemorrhage and sepsis are the most common causes of death for women in childbirth globally. In rural Tanzania where about one woman dies every hour from childbirth, over sixty percent of women deliver outside of health care institutions and therefore lack access to medications to prevent bleeding and infection. In this study, women delivering in rural Rorya District in northern Tanzania were provided with 600 micrograms of misoprostol and 500 mg of erythromycin to take immediately after delivery to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and sepsis. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of distributing these medications. Methods: Selected women, dispensary nurses and traditional birth attendants who were involved in deliveries where the two study medications were taken were interviewed by research assistants in the local language of Kiswahili about their views on community distribution of these two medications. The interviews were taped with digital recorders and the recordings were transcribed and translated into English. The English transcripts were independently coded by two researchers using a qualitative software analysis program, assessing for common and diverging themes between and within the three groups of interviewees. Results: A total of 32 women, 17 dispensary nurses, and 13 traditional birth attendants were interviewed. There was strong support for community distribution of medications to prevent bleeding and infection after delivery amongst the participants. Other common themes from the research included family involvement in the decision of the women to take the medications, safe storage of the medications by the women, and minimal side effects of the medications. A variety of people administered the medications. Several participants observed that provision of the medications by dispensary nurses improved women's access to the dispensaries. Views differed on whether traditional birth attendants should be permitted to distribute the medications. Conclusions: There is strong support from rural women, dispensary nurses, and traditional birth attendants for a community distribution program of medications to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and sepsis. Future research will focus on the distribution of misoprostol in clean delivery kits directly to rural women by local health providers, as there is insufficient evidence for prevention of sepsis by inclusion of a single dose of antibiotics. *Corresponding author: Dr. Gail Webber, Bruyere Research Institute, Lancaster Medical Clinic, 2450 Lancaster, Rd. Units 11 and 12, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1B 5N3, Tel: +1 613-738-9119; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received January 14, 2014; Accepted June 18, 2014; Published June 24, 2014 Citation: Webber G, Chirangi B (2014) "Please Do Not Forget Us" Views of Women, Nurses, and Traditional Birth Attendants on Community Distribution of Medications to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage and Sepsis: A Qualitative Pilot Study in Rural Tanzania. J Women's Health Care 3: 168. doi:10.4172/21670420.1000168 Copyright: © 2014 Webber G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


A testing system has been designed to detect the single event upset failure of SRAM chips in this paper: a visual test bench for failure monitoring is developed based on LabVIEW, it could perform the task of data acquisition, storage and results analysis. At the testing board, the test vectors based on March C- algorithm are written to the reference SRAM and the under-test SRAM through FPGA. NI HSDIO-6548 card is used to collect all the data from the SRAMs, judging whether SEU failure occurred according to comparison results. The system could accomplish the work of real-time monitoring the failure status and test process with a good extensibility.


The effect of ion drag on negatively charged dust grains is considered as a possible mechanism of excitation of the dust-acoustic (DA) ionization instability. It is found that DA waves are more and more damped as the coefficient for ion drag, μ, increases from zero to a critical value, μcrit. For μ>μcrit a zero-frequency (nonpropagating) perturbation grows when the drag of the ions on the dust grains overcomes the effect of the perturbation electric field.