ESR and cyclic voltammetry investigations show that isomerization of the radical cation of cis-1,1′-azonorbornane (cis-1) to the trans-radical ion proceeds too fast in solution for direct investigation of the cis-radical ion even at −78°. The facile isomerization of the radical cation is in agreement with PM3 calculations proposing an activation barrier of only 17 kJ/mol. As a consequence, quantitative cis → trans isomerization of 1,1′-azonorbornane can effectively be accomplished by addition of catalytic amounts of one-electron oxidants. This is the first evidence for a radical-cation-catalyzed cis → trans isomerization of azo compounds.


One to the present invention if there is a predicted expected location to predict the transverse predicted position of the pedestrian one inside the vehicle width provides an emergency brake control signal to the brake unit and if the vehicle-width outer job.Thank reserves the emergency braking control of the braking unit pedestrian It relates to protection of the emergency brake system and a method of control. According to one embodiment of the invention, installed in a vehicle in an emergency braking system including a detection means for detecting a pedestrian, a receiver for receiving the detection signal detected by said detection means; When the pedestrian is detected on the basis of the detection signals received by the receiving unit estimated location selector for selecting a lateral position of the pedestrian estimated that collision with the vehicle predicted according to the lateral movement of the pedestrian; And braking of the brake unit by predicting a collision if the expected position selected by the predicted position selection unit one inside the vehicle width provides an emergency brake control signal to the brake unit and to withhold the control of the brake unit when the vehicle-width outer job.Thank the emergency brake system comprising brake determination portion for determining a control is provided.


Heating distributions were measured on a 1.9-percent-scale model of a generic aeroassisted vehicle proposed for missions to a number of planets and for use as a moderate lift-drag ratio Earth orbital transfer vehicle. This vehicle is spherically blunted, 12.84 deg/7 deg biconic with the fore-cone bent upward 7 deg to provide self-trim capability. A straight biconic with the same nose radius and the same half-angles was also tested. The free-stream Reynolds numbers based on model length were equal to about 2 x 10(5) or 9 x 10 (5). The angle of attack, referenced to the aft-cone, was varied from 0 deg to 20 deg. Heating distributions predicted with a parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) code are compared with the measurements for the present Reynolds numbers and range of angles of attack. Leeward heating was greatly affected by Reynolds number, with the heating increasing with decreasing Reynolds number for attached flow (low incidence). The opposite was true for separated flow, which occurred when the fore-cone angle of attack exceeded 0.8 times the fore-cone half-angle. Windward heating distributions were predicted to within 10 percent with the PNS code. Leeward heating distributions were predicted qualitatively for both Reynolds numbers, but quantitative agreement was poorer than on the windward side.


The purpose of this study is a quantitative assessment of the structural changes dynamics; the authors propose to assess these shifts based on an analysis of changes occurring within the economy sectoral structure and the gross value added in recent years. Another purpose is to identify the relations between economic development and the digital technologies use in the Russian economy in general, which allow to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy implementation as part of the development of the Digital Economy in the country in general. The Gatev's coefficient is the most effective tool for calculating the magnitude of structural changes, it allows to evaluate the dynamics of changes, as well as to identify structural changes based on the effectiveness. The empirical base of the study consists of statistical materials on the gross value added reflected in the industry structure, statistical publications on the use of various types of digital technologies and on digital technology expenses from 2005 to 2022. The study identified the trends of the Gatev's structural changes coefficients dynamics and provided their quantitative assessment according to the selected indicators for Russia. An analysis of the comparability of economical structural changes both in terms of the use and the costs of digital technologies was carried out. The obtained results of the quantitative assessment served as the basis for substantiating the identified dynamics for the quantitative assessment of the structural changes taking place in the country's economy and the dynamics of the use of digital technologies.


AbstractThe presence of protopine was confirmed in the alcoholic extract of the whole plant of Fumaria vaillantii. In addition, β-sitosterol was isolated from the ether extract and the presence of choline confirmed in the water-soluble fraction. Preliminary pharmacological studies of aqueous alcoholic extract in Tween 80 solution, injected intraperitoneally into rats resulted in decreased motor activity, ataxia, and a general loss of muscle tone. The weakly basic alkaloidal fraction yielded weaker but similar effects. These responses, however, were not found to be due to the isolated protopine. From these preliminary studies, fraction C appears to contain the most potent constituents.


This paper takes a system-wide perspective of electrokinetic energy conversion devices based on an array of microchannels to help understanding their operation. The approach taken was a combination of developing an electrical analogy and conducting experiments. The electrical analogy included current sources for the convection current, resistors for the conduction current, a capacitor for accumulating the partitioned ions, resistors for ion transport in the reservoirs, diodes and capacitors for the electrochemistry and polarization at the electrodes, and a simple external resistive load. The number of parallel channels profoundly affected the summative resistive and capacitive characteristics of the array, and highlights the differences between a single channel and an array of channels, especially in the transient responses and the role of the electrodes. The electrical analogy was solved by Laplace Transforms to demonstrate a rich and varied response that such a system exhibits to a step change in flow i...


The paper firstly builds evaluation index system of technological innovation efficiency and industrial competitiveness,and coordination degree model based on the deviation coefficient.Then it takes manufacturing industry in Zhejiang Province as an example,using the principal component analysis to evaluate its efficiency of technology innovation and industrial competitiveness,and applying the deviation coefficient method to study the coordination degree.The result shows that,among the 29 industries,there are 15 coordinate industries,14 imbalanced industries,and 7 industries with excellent coordination among 15 coordinate industries.Finally,the paper puts forward some countermeasures to promote the coordination between technology innovation efficiency and industrial competitiveness.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-tap-density silver powder. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps that (1) an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution at a certain PH value is prepared, (2) a hydrogen peroxide solution in certain concentration is prepared, (3) deionized water serves as a base solution, the ammoniacal silver nitrate solution and the hydrogen peroxide solution are added into the base solution and react within the range of certain PH values, (4) a product is settled, filtered, washed and dried. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the advantages that dispersing agents or protective agents do not need to be added in the reaction process, the zeta potential on the surface of the silver powder is adjusted simply by adjusting the pH of a solution system, and agglomeration of the silver powder is prevented. The silver powder prepared through the method is good in dispersity and high in crystallinity degree and tap density; in addition, the technology procedure is simple, operation is simple and convenient, reducing agents are environmentally friendly, and the preparation method is suitable for large-scale production.


Laminar‐turbulent transition of quasi‐three‐dimensional boundary‐layer flows is investigated by nonlinear nonlocal instability theory based on parabolized stability equations (PSE). A strong TS‐CF interaction scenario is described, which leads to a rapid rise in skin‐friction coefficient indicating imminent breakdown of the laminar flow. The GF‐CF interaction studies reproduce amplitude saturation observed in experiment, but do not provide an explanation for the final breakdown in crossflow‐dominated boundary layers yet.


Distortions resulting from typical source coding and channel interference are analyzed for monochrome still pictures and evaluated based on a segmentation-based error metric (SEM). The error picture is segmented into errors at own edges, errors representing exotic or spurious edges, and errors in flat regions to describe edge errors like blurring, exotic structures like blocking and contouring, and residual errors like random noise, respectively. Error parameters or distortion factors are derived by appropriate summation over the segmented components and combined to build the SEM using the impairment addition law developed by the British Post Office. For a picture database consisting of typical coding distortions, this leads to a more satisfactory result than a generalized linear summation. Observers are found to be more sensitive to small visible exotic/spurious edges, but less sensitive to edge errors. Yet, large edge errors may rapidly deteriorate the picture quality.


Subtitle: Coming off three consecutive lean years with little snow, the snow and ice removal market rebounded, but high costs for raw materials and fuel may chill the recovery.


Reflectivity spectrum of YIG was measured at room temperature in the Y 3+ 4p core excitation region. The optical constants are obtained by a multi-angle method. Two broad spectral bands at 29.3 and 33.3 eV and five small structures at 20.2, 22.5, 27.3, 36.5 and 40 eV were newly found in e 2 spectrum. The spectral structures are assigned; the large spectral band at 33.3 eV is made up of two transitions from Y 4p 6 1 S 0 to Y 4p 5 5s 1 (3/2, 1/2), (1/2, 1/2), where the first member in the parenthesis indicates the total angular momentum j of hole and second specifies j of electron, the structure 29.3 eV is made of a transition to Y 4p 5 4d 1 1 P 1 . In YIG the energy positions of Y 4p 5 5s 1 (3/2, 1/2), (1/2, 1/2) are about same in Y 3+ free ion, but Y 4p 5 4d 1 1 P 1 is shifted by 5.7 eV.


Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematous may be the main manifestation and advance other symptoms. It can affect any organ and any part of the intestinal tract. Imaging has a major role in the diagnosis, the follow up and the screening of complications. SLE-related gastrointestinal manifestation can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Lupus mesenteric vasculitis is the most common cause, followed by protein-losing enteropathy, intestinal pseudo-obstruction and acute pancreatitis… The main objective of our observation is to remind this spectrum of manifestation and to delineate the role of imaging in this pathology through 2 cases. The first observation is about a 14-year-old girl, treated for SLE, who was admitted in our department for diffuse abdominal pain, abdominal distension and vomiting. The diagnosis of intestinal occlusion was made and an enhanced computed tomography was therefore performed showing circumferential wall thickening of jejunal and ileal loops and multiple fluid levels. No vascular thrombosis was observed. The final diagnosis was intestinal pseudo obstruction. The second observation is of a 12 year-old girl, with no particular history, presented vomiting and epigastric pain. Biological test revealed elevated serum amylase. Abdominal enhanced CT showed enlarged pancreatic gland with no other complications. The positivity of antinuclear antibodies were in favor of SLE.


As a result of enrollment expansion of colleges,the students' quality becomes lower,while the advanced vocational education should have the higher requirement on English.In this case,it requires the English teaching to be reformed so that it adapts to the present situation.To improve the quality of teaching,the author here will discuss the English teaching reform on the basis of the analysis of present situation and text books.


Peer tutoring is established as one of the most efficient methods in learning. The same approach blended with diversity is used in this study through in-class-study-group formation. The effectiveness of group study in enhancing student performance is investigated in this paper. The study is done in fundamental engineering classes in two US regional universities over the last two years. One institution is a traditional mainstream university and other is a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) with a diverse student population. In general, engineering has very few students from underrepresented minority backgrounds. Low performance rate of minority students becoming a challenge for engineering programs in HSIs since minority students are the majority of the student body. Success of the entire engineering program will largely depend on the success rate of the minority students. Selectively random study groups were formed by including students of different performance levels as well as ethnicity and gender. They are encouraged to study in a group inside and outside the class room. Each group is asked to do their in-class and home work problems as a team and learn from each other. For the purpose of grading, peer evaluations as well as individual exams were administered in addition to group work. Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA are used for data analysis. The results showed an enhancement in students learning in both the universities. However, performance rate appeared relatively higher among white students. 1. Diversity in Engineering Education Students with different backgrounds, skill levels, and educational and motivational levels have complicated the traditional engineering class room. A wide spectrum of teaching and learning methodologies are required to guide and serve them equally to fulfill their dream. Ethnicity, gender and age differences are commonly used to define the diversity of human population. Currently, white students represent the majority of the student population and Latino and other minority groups are underrepresented in higher education in the United States. With the national population demographics shift, the Latino community continues to outpace other racial/ethnic groups 1 . This change in demographics will have an impact in higher education. In a report published by the National Science Foundation(NSF), engineering is the second most popular destination among the sciences for Latino students 2 . This suggests a strong likelihood of greater diversity with the increase in the numbers of Latinos in engineering. This might change the classroom environment and may impact the dynamics of the instruction. Several efforts are undergoing to attract minority students to engineering from K-20. STEM Fellows in K-12 Education Program 3 , providing exposure, stimulating enthusiasm, training, promoting the value of engineering, and mentoring minority K-12 students 4 , are some of the approaches that help to bring minority students into the engineering program. This effort might not be fruitful unless the minority students with the interest and preparation feel a part of the engineering class. P ge 23615.2 1.1 Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) Hispanic serving institutions (HSIs) are a group of minority-serving institutions established by recognizing the fact that the Latino community and the students have unique problems and are underserved by the mainstream universities. To be designated as an HSI, an institution should have at least 25% Hispanic students out of their total student enrollment. In 2007 HSI-STEM was established to promote science and technology among Hispanic serving institutions, since then HSI are among the fastest growing institutions that serve traditionally underserved populations 5 . Studies showed that HSIs are doing well in the enrollment of the Latino students. However, the graduation rate of minority students in HSIs are not higher than the predominantly white institutions 1 . 1.2 Academic Performance of Minority Students A study done by Ohland, et al, 2011, indicated that student success and persistence is related largely to ethnicity and gender with some variations by institution. Racial differences are more pronounced even if institutions were to treat all students equally; the outcomes will not necessarily be the same because various populations respond differently to the same stimulant 6 . Causes of lower success among Latino students might be many, including academic difficulties, dissatisfaction with the faculty's instruction, financial burden, etc. However, low motivation and inadequate math and science preparation as well as dry and hard content of engineering courses are commonly identified as the reasons for quitting engineering by the students. The reality seemed different, a study done by Seymour and Hewitt showed that grade distributions of students who leave technical curricula are essentially the same as the distributions of those who stay in 7 . That means students who leave engineering may not be poor performers but they might have lost their interest in engineering by the teaching methods that educators use to teach the courses. Time series plot of enrollment and degree awarded in an Engineering and Technology undergraduate program is presented in Figure 1 to demonstrate the scenario of engineering education in an HSI. Figure 1. Enrollment and Graduation Rate in an HSI's Engineering Program 201


Until recently our knowledge of the Galactic Bulge stellar populations was based on the study of a few low extinction windows. Large photometric and spectroscopic surveys are now underway to map large areas of the bulge. They probe several complex structures which are still to be fully characterized as well as their links with the inner disc, the thick disc and the inner halo. I will review our current, rapidly increasing, knowledge of the bulge stellar populations and the new insight expected towards the Gaia era to disentangle the formation history of the Galactic inner regions.


Given an M/G/1 queue, a special customer, and an exponential random variable M that is independent of the queueing process, if the special customer reaches the front of the queue before the time specified by M, it cannot be processed and must re-enter the queue at the back. While waiting in the queue, the available decisions for the special customer are either to keep its position in the queue or to leave its position to join the back of the queue. The author's goal is to find a strategy that minimizes the expected delay until the special customer starts being processed. The move-along policy is to always stay in the queue until the front of the queue is reached, and if it cannot be served, to join the back of the queue. The basic result is that if the queue is stable, the move-along policy is optimal. >


PURPOSE: to check the understanding of current students (those who are in 3rd and 4th year) and Speech-Language Pathology professionals about the concepts of fluency and dysfluency, the components and aspects that affect fluency and the sorts of speech dysfluency. METHODS: 107 questionnaires were applied in a sample of 57 professionals and 50 students of Speech-Language Pathology. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were applied to open questions and quantitative analysis was applied to multiple-choice questions. RESULTS: more than 20 analytic factors were identified for each open answer, but no factor was mentioned by the great majority of subjects. Most cited fluency component was speech rate. Psychological factors such as anxiety and introversion-extraversion are among the more quoted factors that affect fluency level. The three sorts of dysfluency which were more categorized as stuttered were blocks, initial prolongations and defense behaviors. There were not significant statistical differences between students' and professionals' answers. Increase in professional practice has changed some answers. CONCLUSION: the subjects: 1) have revealed an ideal concept of fluency ("speech free from disruptions"), 2) have considered dysfluency as some kind of disorder and not as a speech inherent event, 3) have considered speech rate, not dysfluency, as fluency's most important component, 4) have considered psychological factors, mainly anxiety, as the factors that have the major impact on fluency level (language, cognitive and genetic factors would have a secondary importance) and 5) have classified dysfluency according to scientific literature.


Volumul I, 1, Iulie-Decembrie 2007, pp. 1-17 TRADIŢII ALE FILOSOFIEI ANALITICE ÎN ROMÂNIA Ilie PÂRVU Universitatea din Bucureşti The paper deals with a neglected topic in the history of Romanian philosophy, the "scientific philosophy" of the scientists from "Onicescu Seminar in Philosophy of Science" which were active in the 3 and 4 decade of the XX Century at the University of Bucharest. The kind of scientific philosophy developed by the "Onicescu Circle" distinguished itself by the following main characteristics: (i) it was besed on the abstract‐structural theorizing in mathematics and physics; (ii) their conceptual analyses constituted a kind of foundational research in special sciences; (iii) the analytical tools used were rather mathematical than formal‐ logical. The Onicescu's group of philosophically minded scientists intended to promote a constructive program in the analytic philosophy of science.


Doubled haploid method via parthenogenesis induction still remained prominent in Cucurbitaceae breeding due to drastic reduction in time and cost of newly released lines. In this study, different doses of Gamma ray (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy) were used to irradiate pollen grains for induction of parthenogenetic haploid embryos in oilseed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. 'Styriaca'). Parthenogenetic embryos at different developmental stages were rescued in vitro and 348 plants were obtained, of which 134 were recognized as haploid by ploidy analysis. The highest rate of haploid plants was obtained from globular (25.3%) and torpedo (23.8% plants) embryos followed by arrow-tip (13.4%), torpedo (10.5%), stick (10.5%), heart (9%), and cotyledonary (7.5%), respectively. All doses, except 200 Gy, were effective for induction of embryos and haploid plants; in a way that the highest number of haploids was obtained by 100 Gy. Our results indicated that parthenogenetic haploid embryos could be efficiently induced in C. pepo if proper Gamma ray dose and developmental stage of embryos are selected.


Improvements in the thermoelectric properties of Half-Heusler materials have been achieved by means of a micrometer-scale phase separation that increases the phonon scattering and re- duces the lattice thermal conductivity. A detailed study of the p-type Half-Heusler compounds Ti1−xHfxCoSb0.85Sn0.15 using high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and element mapping electron microscopy evidences the outstanding thermoelectric properties of this system. A combination of intrinsic phase separation and adjustment of the carrier concentration via Sn substitution is used to realize a record thermoelectric figure of merit for p-type Half-Heusler com- pounds of ZT = 1.15 at 710 ◦ C in Ti0.25Hf0.75CoSb0.85Sn0.15. The phase separation approach can form a significant alternative to nanostructuring processing time, energy consumption and increasing the thermoelectric efficiency.


Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is collection of multi-hop wireless mobile nodes that communicate with each other without centralized control or established infrastructure. The wireless links in this network are highly error prone and can go down frequently due to mobility of nodes, interference and less infrastructure. Therefore, routing in MANET is a critical task due to highly dynamic environment. In recent years, several routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks and prominent among them are DSR, AODV and TORA However, the majority of these MANET secure routing protocols did not provide a complete solution for all the MANETs' attacks and assumed that any node participating in the MANET is not selfish and that it will cooperate to support different network functionalities Much work is going on to provide security to the network. One of the solution to the problem is ARAN — (Authenticated routing protocol) which is a secure protocol and provides Integrity, availability, Confidentiality, Authenticity, Non repudiation, Authorization & Anonymity but an authenticated selfish node can infer to this protocol performance and can disturb the network by dropping packets. This paper discusses Temporal table based schemes that can be applied to ARAN to detect selfish node and improve the performance.


Recent studies have demonstrated that Biologically Inspired Model features (BIM) are effective for object or scene categorization. However, according to BIM's forming mechanism, it may not hit the typical pattern due to its blind feature selection. In order to provide more informative pattern information for different visual object classes, a large number of prototypes have to be used in describing images. This leads to huge redundancy which may decrease categorization accuracy. Thus, improving BIM feature's performance by just increasing the number of prototypes is not adequate. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to address this problem. In our approach, some simple non-biological features such as color histogram and Edge Orientation Histogram (EOH) are incorporated into BIM for discriminative image representation. Experimental results have shown that combination of BIM and simple features can improve visual categorization performances significantly.


Purpose: Densification and mechanical properties of dental zirconia ceramics were evaluated by different sintering methods. Materials and Methods: Y-TZP zirconia block(Kavo Everest ZS blank, Kavo dental GmbH, Bismarckring, Germany) was used in this study. Sintering were performed in heat sintering furnace and microwave sintering furnace, and then experimented and analyzed on a change in densification according to the sintering time, a change in densification according to thickness, flexural strength and micro-structure in zirconia specimens. Results: Microwave sintering was very effective in considerable mechanical properties such as flexural strength and bulk density was drastically increased than conventional electric heating method. It is also shown that microwave sintering time was faster and more economical than common method to be present in qualities which equal or exceed. Conclusion: It will be important to seek the accurate sintering condition of dental zirconia by microwave sintering method and the continuous research is necessary for the study of relationship between sintering methods and mechanical properties. [Abstract]


A probabilistic model of cumulative solar heavy ion energy and LET spectra is developed for spacecraft design applications. Spectra are given as a function of confidence level, mission time period during solar maximum and shielding thickness. It is shown that long-term solar heavy ion fluxes exceed galactic cosmic ray fluxes during solar maximum for shielding levels of interest. Cumulative solar heavy ion fluences should therefore be accounted for in single event effects rate calculations and in the planning of space missions.


In this demo paper we present GeoSentiment, a tool for effective assessment and visualization of event-related sentiments in geographically confined populations. GeoSentiment is developed as a web tool application and provides to stakeholders an easy-to-use and powerful means to investigate how events are perceived by people and which factors may influence such perception. GeoSentiment relies on different services for a) retrieving and mining official statistical information as well as the most-common social networks and b) performing sentiment analysis. It is provided with an interactive interface, which enables rendering and deep exploration of all the processed data and results.


1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam 2 Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Psychiatry, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam *Corresponding Author Dr Monalisa Boro Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Psychiatry, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam Abstract Background: Stressful events, depression and anxiety usually elevate circulating levels of blood catecholamines which causes an increase in platelet activity and sympathoadrenal activation is thought to stimulate platelet through the α -2 receptors resulting in an increase in platelet volume. Aim: To estimate the mean blood platelet volume levels in depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder patients. Methods: The study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam during the time period of June 2018 to May 2019 (1 year) after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institution Ethics Committee. Results: Mean MPV level of Depression cases (13.25 ± 1.31 fl) was higher than GAD cases (11.79 ± 1.71 fl). It was statistically found to be significant (p value <0.001). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge no study till date studied the interrelationship among MPV, severity of Depression and GAD.


The article considers the trends in the development of renewable energy in the world and in Ukraine. It is proved that renewable energy is an important and promising energy sector in the world. It is shown that at the present stage of development, all civilized countries are developing their economies through the use of renewable energy sources, which are gradually displacing the old power plants using exhaustive fossil fuels, which pollute the atmosphere. The history of renewable energy development is revealed. The investment attractiveness of this energy sector in the countries of the world is characterized. On the basis of statistical data and preliminary studies of scientists, modern structural changes in the investment market of renewable energy in the world were evaluated. It is shown that Ukraine is part of European dozens of investments in green energy. The volume of supply of primary energy in the world and Europe, the power of renewable energy in leaders, regions of the world and Ukraine is presented. A review of the current state of renewable energy in developed countries and Ukraine has been carried out. Quantitative characteristics for different renewable energy sectors are analyzed: hydro, solar and wind power and other. Examples of the largest solar, hydroelectric power plants on the planet and Ukraine are given. It is shown that in the countries of the world and Ukraine there is a powerful potential and there is a positive tendency to more intensive use of renewable energy sources. It has been found that in 2020, for the first time in history, the share of RES in the structure of electricity in Europe has exceeded the proportion of fossil fuels due to the expansion of energy from the sun and the sun. The development of renewable energy in the planet also promotes the introduction in many countries and in Ukraine "Green Tariffs" and "Green" for electricity. It is positive that Ukraine has joined the European Energy Community and undertaken a joint regulatory policy with EU countries, develop and implement measures for renewable energy in the country. The prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in the countries of the world and Ukraine are determined.


PURPOSE: To provide the foam suppressing additive suitable for producing low foam sprayable cleaning agents that depresses predominantly production of foam and is sprayable by producing the additives with polyethyleneglycol ethers having end blocks. CONSTITUTION: The polyethyleneglycol ethers having end blocks with formula (R 1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical with 20 to 28 carbon atoms, R 2 represents an alkyl radical with 4 to 8 carbon atoms and n is a number from 6 to 20) are used for effective components to produce the foam-suppressing additives for low-foam cleaning agents. The compound with the formula is produced by the reaction of 1 mole of a long-chain fatty alcohol such as 2-octyl-dodecanol-1 and 2-decyl-tetradecanol-1 and 6-20 moles of ethylene oxide and the etherification of the hydroxyl group in the product. An amount of the obtained foam suppressing additive to a cleaning agent is determined to provide a concentration of 10-2500 ppm of the compound denoted in the formula in the solution when the cleaning agent is in use. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


This study examined how emotional contagion may influence student perceptions of rapport with the instructor, emotional support received in the classroom, emotional work performed, and perceived cognitive learning. Participants revealed that emotional contagion was positively related to perceptions of rapport with instructors but unrelated to emotional support from instructors, emotional work performed in the classroom, and valence. Students who were high in emotional contagion reported significantly more rapport, emotional support, and positive valence. When controlling for emotional contagion, only classroom valence predicted students' perceptions of cognitive learning.


Good constraints on hydrogeological properties are an important first step in any quantitative model of groundwater flow. Field estimation of permeability is difficult as it varies over orders of magnitude in natural systems and is scale‐dependent. Here we directly compare permeabilities inferred from tidal responses with conventional large‐scale, long‐term pumping tests at the same site. Tidally induced water pressure changes recorded in wells are used to infer permeability at ten locations in a densely fractured sandstone unit. Each location is either an open‐hole well or a port in a multilevel monitoring well. Tidal response is compared at each location to the results of two conventional, long‐term and large scale pumping tests performed at the same site. We obtained consistent values between the methods for a range of site‐specific permeabilities varying from ∼10−15 m2 to 10−13 m2 for both open wells with large open intervals and multilevel monitoring well. We conclude that the tidal analysis is able to capture passive and accurate estimates of permeability.


Aim of the paper is to find an algorithm for detecting finger's knuckle in the binary image with high precision and accuracy. At our disposal are measured coordinates of points on the finger, which are obtained from Microsoft Kinect. We form a suitable model for finger's characterization. It is based on the transformation of coordinates and regression models. A regression model gives a non-smooth function with change point. The main goal is to find the change point of the approximation function corresponding to the knuckle.


Ronaldson et al. (1) propose that many cases of clozapineinduced myocarditis are overlooked and the actual worldwide incidence in clozapine patients is around 3%, which is in conflict with published evidence. This extraordinarily high estimation was calculated by averaging rates of 1.1% and 5.0% from two Australian studies with 122 and 124 clozapine patients respectively. After reviewing the literature in English, Cohen et al. (2) estimated the incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis to be 0.07–0.6 per 1000 in non-Australian countries. In China, clozapine is widely prescribed. Until very recently, clozapine was a first-line antipsychotic prescribed in 25–60% of schizophrenia patients and in many patients with severe mood disorders (3). A 2015 search of the literature in Chinese reveals that clozapine-induced myocarditis has been extremely rarely reported. If the 3% incidence is correct, pharmacoepidemiological studies should demonstrate that thousands of non-Australian clozapine patients are dying every year, but they suggest the opposite; clozapine may prevent cardiovascular deaths compared with other antipsychotics. In an 11-year follow-up mortality study in 66 000 Finnish schizophrenia patients, clozapine showed the lowest mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.60– 0.91). In a 5-year follow-up of almost 7000 Finnish patients with first-onset schizophrenia, clozapine showed an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for cardiovascular death of 0.23 (CI 0.05– 1.02). In a schizophrenia cohort study of 26,000 Swedish patients, clozapine showed an adjusted OR for all deaths of 0.92 (CI 0.70-1.22). In a 3-year study of a cohort of 67 000 patients from the US Clozapine National Registry, there was no death attributed to myocarditis and less than 10 deaths attributed to two cardiac categories: (i) acute myocardial infarction and (ii) conduction disorders or sudden death. In a 6to 10-year follow-up of a cohort of 1000 clozapine patients in Maryland (USA), cardiac deaths were 35% (32/ 92) of clozapine deaths and the adjusted standardized mortality rates for cardiovascular mortality were comparable to risperidone deaths. In a 5-year follow-up of a cohort from London (UK) including 14 000 patients with serious mental illness, clozapine was associated with lower mortality (adjusted HR = 0.4; CI 0.2–0.7). We believe that it is not correct to extrapolate these unusual incidences from two Australian studies totaling less than 300 patients titrated on clozapine to the thousands of patients titrated worldwide. Rapid clozapine dose titration has been suggested as an explanation for the risk of myocarditis by a 2012 Australian article titled 'Rapid clozapine dose titration and concomitant sodium valproate increase the risk of myocarditis with clozapine: a case-control study' (4). Rapid titration may be one of the key factors contributing to the very high rates of clozapine-induced myocarditis in Australia. This is supported by an ongoing Venezuelan prospective clozapine study, by one of us, following 59 patients longitudinally. Most of them were started at low doses (<100 mg/day) and given slow titrations. The only subject with suspected myocarditis (reported chest discomfort, positive troponin I and ST segment abnormalities at day 7 of clozapine administration) was a 30year-old male started on clozapine at the high dose of 200 mg/ day. We suggest that instead of raising unfounded clinical concerns for non-Australians, Australian prescribers should consider adopting slower titrating schedules, as a prior lamotrigine pharmacology story tells us. Lamotrigine-induced Stevens–Johnson is another idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with rapid titrations. It was radically reduced when the manufacturers recommended a slow titration in their prescribing information (or package insert), specifying the need of an even lower initial dose and slower titration in patients taking valproate, an inhibitor of lamotrigine's metabolism. Slow clozapine titration strategies, including a slower pace for patients taking clozapine metabolism inhibitors, should be studied as a strategy for preventing myocarditis in Australia. At the other extreme from Ronaldson et al. (1), Ifteni et al. (5) extrapolated from a small sample, recommending rapid titration as safe. They studied 38 Romanian clozapine-na€ıve patients with schizophrenia who were prescribed an average clozapine dose of 156 mg/day on the first day, with a range of 25–400 mg/day, and an average maximum dose of 409 mg/day on average at day 7. We recommend against this type of rapid titration in clozapine-na€ıve patients unless they are very closely monitored in research settings. To an inexperienced clinician already concerned about clozapine ADR risk and the practical difficulties of starting new patients on clozapine, it would seem quite confusing and possibly intimidating after reading these articles written by us, the so-called clozapine experts. Is further confusing or intimidating clinicians concerning clozapine utilization a problem? Yes, it is a major problem. Meta-analyses unquestionably demonstrate that clozapine is the most effective of all antipsychotics, but authors from many countries, except China, argue that clozapine is severely underutilized in spite of its documented efficacy for treatment-refractory schizophrenia or schizophrenia-associated suicidality. Elaborating on the benefits of clozapine's off-label uses would require a longer article. Regarding Ifteni et al.'s (5) proposal of rapid titration in clozapine-na€ıve patients, we recommend very slow clozapine titration with careful monitoring in a Dutch guideline mainly developed for out-patients (http://www.clozapinepluswerkg roep.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Guideline-for-the-use-ofClozapine-2013.pdf, accessed on February 25, 2015) and in a


Higher plants are a source of thousands of natural products, with an almost infinite variety of different structural variations. These molecules often have specific functions and many of them have biological activities which can be of use to humans. They may provide lead compounds for the development of new drugs or they may be indispensable tools in biomedical research.


In this paper, we consider nonlinear PDEs in a port-Hamiltonian setting based on an underlying jet-bundle structure. We restrict ourselves to systems with 1-dimensional spatial domain and 2nd-order Hamiltonian including certain dissipation models that can be incorporated in the port-Hamiltonian framework by means of appropriate differential operators. For this system class, energy-based control by means of Casimir functionals as well as energy balancing is analysed and demonstrated using a nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam.


T HIS work relates the correlation of United States (U.S.) census population data with the designated urban areas shown on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) sectional charts used by visual flight rules (VFR) pilots. This will be useful for mission planning purposes for UnmannedAerial Systems (UAS). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) softwarewas used to import the raw census data andmarked urban areas from the sectional maps. This data was examined to determine the average population inside the marked urban areas and to determine how the population density reduces outside the urban areas. North Carolina State Flight Research has been developing the SystemLevelAirworthiness Tool (SLAT) [1,2], a comprehensive framework for evaluating the airworthiness of small UASwith maximum takeoff weights less than 350 lb. SLAT scales its requirements based on the size of the unmanned aircraft, aswell as the population density of themission area. The population density research presented in this technical notewas done as a part of the development of SLAT. It is expected that the results will be applicable to others in the aerospace community. To simplify analysis, SLAT divides population density into four categories: unpopulated (UP), sparsely populated (SP), densely populated (DP), andOpenAirAssembly (OAA).OAA is defined by the FAAas "an organized open-air assembly ofmore than 1,000 persons" [3], such as an occupied football stadium or outdoor concert. SP is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as 500 people per square mile [4]. Determining the boundary between SP and DP was the goal of this work. One resource that attempts to designate a border between the two regions is the FAA sectional charts. These charts are used by pilots to aid navigation under VFRs. The sectional charts show airports, controlled airspace, antenna towers, and notable landmarks, as well as the locations and relevant information of navigation beacons. The sectional charts also include yellow regions denoting observable urban development; an example is shown in Fig. 1. Inquiries into how the FAA defines these boundaries revealed that they are defined primarily by visual inspection of satellite photos. Areas that appear to be urban, i.e. shopping centers, housing developments, and so on are included in the urban areas on the sectional charts. Although these boundaries are based on satellite photos, rather than some population density metric, it is logical that the population density would be highest in regions of observable urban development. This research focused on quantifying the correlation between actual population density and these regions of observable urban development as marked on the FAA sectional charts. One of the primary goals for SLAT is to aid in the integration of UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS) and, as such, the scope of this research is constrained to the U.S. To simplify the correlation it was decided to limit the scope to the continental U.S.


By using the theory of communication philosophy, our paper excavates the "symbol-spread-dialogue" communication theory proposed by Peters in Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication as the discursive logic, and through its research on the diachronic process of cross-cultural communication of contemporary Chinese films, in-depth content expression, communication paradigm and effect feedback, and explores the differences between communication theory and film cross-cultural practice. The study found that the practice of cross-cultural communication of Chinese films based on theory, based on the characteristics of films and modern technology, enriches the symbols of expression, and forms differences with dissemination in the way of communication, and the current Chinese film culture communication urgently needs to find more effective communication methods, to promote the plight of film customer service Speeding int


The current study employs dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) to discern dietary differences between groups of archaeologically derived pastoralists and agriculturists. The study followed standard DMTA methods and is part of an ongoing research effort called the DENTALWEAR project, which is a global survey of microwear texture in ancient humans. The texture variables studied herein were complexity (Asfc), anisotropy (epLsar), and textural fill volume. The study found statistically significant differences between the pastoralists and agriculturists for all three variables; as predicted, the pastoralists had lower values. In addition to demonstrating the efficacy of DMTA for dietary study in ancient humans, this study supports models indicating mitigated microwear texture values for populations thought to have consumed high levels of meat.


PURPOSE
To describe the long-term prevalence of ocular complications and visual prognosis in patients with pediatric uveitis.

METHODS
Demographics, etiology and location of uveitis, type of complications, treatment and visual outcomes were recorded in 296 children at first examination and at 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year time points.

RESULTS
Αnterior uveitis represented 53.4% of cases, followed by intermediate (28.0%), posterior uveitis (11.1%) and panuveitis (7.4%). The leading diagnoses were idiopathic uveitis (31.1%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (27.0%) and pars planitis (22.6%). Posterior synechiae was the most frequent complication of anterior uveitis and panuveitis, cystoid macular edema and disc edema of intermediate and posterior uveitis respectively. Posterior uveitis and panuveitis had more severe final vision loss (23.1% and 20% respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides clinical characteristics and main complications in a longitudinal long-term follow-up of a large non-infectious pediatric uveitis Greek population. Early diagnosis and close monitoring remain of fundamental importance.


............................................................................................................................
  ii Co-‐Authorship
  Statement
  .................................................................................................
  iii Acknowledgements
  ..........................................................................................................
  iv Table
  of
  Contents
  ..............................................................................................................
  v List
  of
  Figures
  ...................................................................................................................
  ix List
  of
  Appendices
  ...........................................................................................................
  xii List
  of
  Abbreviations
  ......................................................................................................
  xiii Chapter
  1
  ..........................................................................................................................
  1 1
   Introduction
  ................................................................................................................
  1 1.1
   Xenopus
  as
  a
  Model
  Organism
  .........................................................................................
  1 1.2
   Cardiogenesis
  in
  Xenopus
  laevis
  .......................................................................................
  3 1.2.1
   Myocardial
  Specification
  ..................................................................................................
  3 1.2.2
   Cardiac
  Morphogenesis
  ....................................................................................................
  5 1.2.3
   Secondary
  Heart
  Field
  .....................................................................................................
  10 1.2.4
   Circulation
  and
  Cardiac
  Structure
  ...................................................................................
  12 1.3
   Congenital
  Heart
  Defects
  ................................................................................................
  15 1.4
   Disruption
  of
  Cardiogenesis
  ............................................................................................
  16 1.4.1
   Blebbistatin
  .....................................................................................................................
  16 1.4.2
   Rockout
  ...........................................................................................................................
  17 1.4.3
   Retinoic
  Acid
  and
  Retinoic
  Acid
  Receptor
  Antagonist
  ....................................................
  17 1.5
   Assessing
  Cardiac
  Function
  .............................................................................................
  18 1.5.1
   Rationale
  .........................................................................................................................
  18 1.5.2
   Relationship
  Between
  Cardiac
  Morphology
  and
  Function
  .............................................
  18 1.5.3
   Cardiac
  Function
  Terminology
  ........................................................................................
  19 1.5.4
   Previous
  Literature
  Examining
  Cardiac
  Function
  ............................................................
  20 1.5.5
   History
  of
  the
  Novel
  Imaging
  System
  ..............................................................................
  21 1.6
   Rationale
  &
  Hypothesis
  ..................................................................................................
  21


A 57‐year‐old male suffered from a metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and refused surgical intervention. Instead, the patient opted for endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap‐fitted endoscope, a delicate procedure of endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap‐fitted endoscope, to effectively treat his small supraglottic cancer. A 3‐year follow up demonstrated no signs of tumor recurrence.


This research describes the translation of advertisement based on the Semiotics Approach, adopting the Actantial Model of Greimas. Specifically, this research uses a Japanese-to-Korean translation of an advertisement of SK-II to perform an analysis of the six actants in the Actantial Model of Greimas. It shows how the meaning of both the Source and the Target text's narrative structures are contained, or shifted. Further, Korean competing brand's advertisement was adopted as a Parallel Text and its narrative structure was analysed, to compare it with the Target Text. The current research aims to show an insight into how translation of advertisement should encompass visual images tounderstand the meaning of the narrative structure of the Source and Target texts, rather than simply replacing textual material in one language with equivalent textual material of another.


This datasheet on Eleocharis dulcis covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information.


Abstract Objectives: To evaluate measles seroprev-among cohorts of new employees and to evaluate vaccine responses of susceptible adult healthcare workers. Design: New employees were screened for measles susceptibility as part of employee evaluations. Anti-IgG measles antibody tests were completed on 2,473 workers. Demographic, measles history, and measles vaccination information was collected using a short questionnaire. Susceptible workers were vaccinated and screened for vaccine responses following vaccination. Results: Ninety-three workers (4%) were seronegative, and 56 (2%) were equivocal. Individuals in the youngest cohort (born after 1956) were significantly more likely to be susceptible than those in the middle cohort (born 1951 to 1956) and those in the oldest cohort (born before 1951) (P<0.01). The middle cohort included eight (5%) of the 149 seronegative or equivocal workers. Among the members of the youngest cohort, those from the United States were more likely to be susceptible (P<0.01) than those from outside the United States. Of the 106 vaccinated susceptible workers whose follow-up serologies were determined, 90 (85%) developed positive IgG serologies, six had equivocal results, and 10 were seronegative. Eleven of the 16 non- or hyporesponders were revaccinated and re-evaluated; nine developed low positive IgG antimeasles levels, one exhibited an equivocal response, and one failed to respond. Conclusions: A small but important proportion of healthcare workers are susceptible to measles. Whenever feasible, measles immunity programs for healthcare workers should include workers born before 1957. Of workers born after 1956, those from outside the United States are more likely to be immune than workers from inside the United States. Using the currently available vaccine, revaccination of initial non- or hyporesponders appears to be effective.


Focusing on research that examines individual and organizational behavior relative to accounting, this series promotes research across all areas of behavioral accounting, and encourages the development, discussion and expansion of theories from psychology, sociology and related disciplines to better understand accounting domains.


This work aims to propose degree of lean manufacturing production system in the production line liquid disinfectants, adopting the techniques and methods shown on it to the optimization of resources, in order to assist the improvement of productivity of the company, through its production processes. To this end, this paper is structured as follows: Chapter 1. Defines the guidelines, objectives, problem statement, and as it will be carried out, taking into account the availability of existing resources. Chapter 2. In this chapter the history, background, lean manufacturing methodology, also like its various and multifaceted applications through process management, definitions control their tools as management indicators, and contribution to the improvement of productivity. It also defines liquid disinfectants, their history, before background and applications.


This study entitled: "Service Characteristic Model on a Prima Service Realization at Investment and One-stop Integrated Service Department (DPMPTSP) of Ciamis Regency". The background of this study was the low service of licences caused by the less effective service dimension, so the licencing service was in the red zone. The object of this study was the implementation of licencing service in DPMPTSP. The research method used was qualitative approach with an observational case study method. The data were obtained from the primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through observation, interview, observation of informant behaviour and Focus Group Discussion. Moreover, the secondary data were collected from various documents, journals, scientific papers, etc. From 10 dimensions proposed by Gaspersz, 8 dimensions of the prima service model at DPMPTSP were low; they were the dimensions of timeless, service accuracy, responsibility, completeness, easiness, model variation, personal service, and comfortability. Only the dimensions of politeness and frinedliness were considered sufficient. While,the dimensions of supporting attributes were considered suffcient by the informants although the facts in the field had not been adequate. Research finding showed : (1) There was another dimension bayond 10 dimensions stated by Gaspersz, namely applicant's participation; (2) The prima service in the Investment and One Stop Integrated Service Department of Ciamis Regency needed the development of model variation, from offline to semi online; (3) There were the factors inhibiting the prima service, such as the quality and quantity of human resources and the burden of local revenue target.

Keywords: service characteristic, prima service model


Purpose – The paper aims to present an innovative method for imaging the pressure distribution between two interface surfaces. The physical principles behind the design of the pressure imaging system are explained, and some case studies involving the use of this technology in diverse applications are described.Design/methodology/approach – The XSENSOR pressure sensor is comprised of a matrix of capacitive sensing elements. Pressure applied to the surface of the sensing element causes a change in capacitance that is correlated to a change in pressure. Proprietary Windows based software compensates for sensor non‐linearity, hysteresis, and creep over time, resulting in enhanced accuracy.Findings – XSENSOR's capacitive based pressure imaging sensors can graphically display pressure distributions in real time between virtually any two surfaces in contact. The sensor element is accurate, thin, flexible, and robust. These physical characteristics minimize any artificial influences created by the presence of the...


Abstract : A study was performed to determine the error performance of various types of transmission links. Data was collected over various HF radio links at rates of 1200 and 2400 bits per second and over various troposcatter radio links at rates of 0.307 to 1.228 megabits per second. This report contains the information gathered from the field tests. The field tests are described in detail and the test results are presented. (Author)


The cross sections of the neutron induced(n,2n)reaction on the unstable target nucleus ~(88)Y in the energy range from 10.3 to 17.4 MeV are obtained from the measurement of the ~(87)Sr (d,2n)reaction.This work is based on the hypothesis that the formation of the Compound nucleus is independent of its decay.The results are compared with our calculated results and the experimental data and calculated result of Prestwood and his co-worker.The comparison indicates that this work is worthy for further study.


This paper presents a generalised two-level implementation which can handle linear and non-linear morphological operations. An algorithm for the interpretation of multi-tape two-level rules is described. In addition, a number of issues which arise when developing non-linear grammars are discussed with examples from Syriac.


Results: Treatment of MCF-7/Arom-1 cells with L showed a reduction of testosteronedriven cell proliferation through inhibition of estradiol synthesis. Sorafenib alone reduced MCF-7/Arom-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 3mM). The growth-inhibitory effect was associated with the induction of apoptosis, as indicated by FACS Annexin V-FITC assay and by confocal microscopy analysis. Apoptosis was not inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD suggesting a caspaseindependent cell death. The combined effect of L and S was then investigated. 1mM letrozole and 0.1-2.5 mM Sorafenib significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of a single agent treatment (P<0.001). The percentage of proliferative-inhibition was 42.9±4.8 for L alone, 35.7±2.9 for S alone and 78.7±6 for L-2.5 mM S combination (P<0.001). The association of 1 mM L with 2.5 mM S also significantly inhibited the colony formation (P<0.05); the inhibitory effect was 30%, 40% and 62% for L, S and L+S, respectively. However cell death was not increased further. Both drugs either alone or in association only slightly decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. At the dose of 10 mM, S completely blocked ERK1/2 activation, suggesting that the observed growthinhibitory effects could be associated with the inhibition of other survival/proliferation pathways.


Abstract : This report includes an analysis to determine if the cost of providing and maintaining boat lifts at Coast Guard Boat Forces units will be offset by the savings from reduced maintenance and repairs needed on boats stored out of the water. Data and results obtained from a one-year in-water evaluation of purchased boat lifts installed at various Coast Guard Boat Forces units are also included. Recommendations are made as to whether the Coast Guard should pursue future utilization of a boat lift solution to reducing long term maintenance costs. Salient characteristics for the recommended style of lift are also identified as part of lessons learned.


Let D = (V,A) be a finite directed graph (digraph) each vertex v ∈ V of which is interpreted as a position and each arc a = (v, v′) ∈ A as a possible move from position v to v′. Two players, 1 and 2, take turns moving a token from a given initial position v0. The game ends as soon as the token returns to a position, where it has already been. By definition, the player who made the last move loses, while the opponent wins (in the standard version, and vice versa in the misere version). The defined games of no return generalize classical combinatorial (NIM-type) games. Indeed, every such game (D, v0) on an acyclic digraph D turns into a game of no return (D′, v0) after adding a loop to every terminal vertex of D. In this case, D has a unique kernel K ⊆ V and player 2 wins iff v0 ∈ K. The kernel can be obtained in linear time by the well-known von Neumann algorithm. Interestingly, a no return games (D, v0) can be solved in polynomial time also in case when digraph D = (V,A) is symmetric, that is, a = (v, v′) ∈ A iff a′ = (v′, v) ∈ A. Let us replace every such pair of arcs by a non-directed edge e = (v, v′) and denote by G the obtained non-directed graph. We show that player 1 wins in the symmetric game (D, v0) iff every maximum matching of G contains v0. Moreover, a move (v0, v) is winning iff edge (v0, v) belongs to such a maximum matching. Both conditions can be verified in polynomial time, due to the polynomial algorithm for finding a maximum matching of a graph given by the first author in 1965. We suggest a polynomial algorithm for solving games for a slightly larger class of digraphs, which contains both acyclic and symmetric ones. Let us note that these games (as well as the symmetric and combinatorial games) can be solved in the positional strategies, that is, an optimal move (v, v′) in any position v depends only on v, not on the preceding positions and moves. Yet, for general digraphs, it is not always the case and a winning strategy might require an exponential description. We show that problem Q of solving a no return game is both NPand coNP-hard. Moreover, Q ∈ NP iff Q ∈ coNP . Thus, it is unlikely that Q belongs to NP or coNP. Indeed, then Q would be both NPand coNP-complete, implying NP = coNP . In fact, the same construction proofs NP-hardness of the four types of games, in which a position or move should or should not be repeated; the games of (no) return and of (no) repetition. Yet, for the acyclic and symmetric digraphs, problem Q is polynomial in all four cases.


Twitter user geolocation detection can inform and benefit a range of downstream geospatial tasks such as event and venue recommendation, local search, and crisis planning and response. In this paper, we take into account user shared tweets as well as their social network, and run extensive comparative studies to systematically analyze the impact of a variety of language-based, network-based, and hybrid methods in predicting user geolocation. In particular, we evaluate different text representation methods to construct text views that capture the linguistic signals available in tweets that are specific to and indicative of geographical locations. In addition, we investigate a range of network-based methods, such as embedding approaches and graph neural networks, in predicting user geolocation based on user interaction network. Our findings provide valuable insights into the design of effective and efficient geolocation identification engines. Finally, our best model, called TF-MF, substantially outperforms state-of-the-art approaches under minimal supervision.


This study aims to look at the effects of shocks that occur in Indonesia using the Mundell-Fleming model. Analysis to see the effects of shocks using the vector autoregression (VAR) model. We chose the VAR model because of the complexity of the economic phenomenon that might occur in the open economy that occurred in Indonesia.
The results how the relationship and effects of shocks that occur in gross domestic product, private sector household consumption, direct investment, government consumption expenditure, and net exports occur in Indonesia in the goods market. In addition, this study also examines the relationship and effects of shocks between gross domestic product, the money supply, inflation, and the interest rate that occurs in Indonesia on the money market.


In this paper, we study the Joule–Thomson expansion for RN-AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter. As perfect fluid dark matter is one of the dark matter candidates, we are interested in how it influences the thermodynamic properties of black holes. Firstly, the negative cosmological constant could be interpreted as thermodynamic pressure and its conjugate quantity as the thermodynamic volume, which give us more physical insights into the black hole. Moreover, we derive the thermodynamic definitions and study the critical behaviour of the black hole. Secondly, the explicit expression of Joule–Thomson coefficient is obtained from the basic formulas of the pressure, the volume, the entropy and the temperature. Then, we obtain the inversion curves in terms of charge Q and parameter λ. Furthermore, we analyse the isenthalpic curve in T–P graph with the cooling–heating region determined by the inversion curve. At last, we derive the ratio of minimum inversion temperature to critical temperature and compare the result with that in the RN-AdS case.


Two analytical approaches are presented for coupled slots on an anisotropic sapphire substrate using the network analytical methods of electromagnetic fields. One is based on the quasi-static approximation and it derives the transformation from the case with the anisotropic substrate to the case with the isotropic substrate. The other is based on the hybrid mode formulation and it gives the dispersion characteristics.


This paper presents a robust compartmental mathematical model of (SVEIR) which incorporated area only. Where this area is the size of the environment where the study is being investigated. It shows that model has a disease free equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable (GAS). There exists a unique endemic equilibrium point which is locally stable whenever the association threshold quantity (R0) exceeds unity i.e. R0 > 1. We solved the model numerically using Runge-kutta of order four (4). It is shown that as the area is increasing the total number of infected individual is decreasing. This implies that to reduce the spread of measles, measles patients are to be kept separately for treatment so as to reduce the effective contract rate. The results were presented graphically.


Human resource branding is a recent phenomenon gaining exponential popularity in the present-day organisations. The way in which an organisation brands its human resource greatly influences the way in which the organisation is perceived by the outside environment comprising of its prospective employees, customers and other stakeholders. This paper is an attempt to analyse the uprising of 'Human Resource Branding. (also known as 'Employee Branding.) phenomenon in India, with a focus its evolution as an emerging concept, its role in the various human resource development activities and the challenges faced by this innovative development in the field of Human Resource Development This paper is based on the secondary information collected through personal interviews,, observations and interactions. In addition to this the research is planned by analysing the research gaps on the basis of review of various studies already conducted on the same. To study objectives of the paper an analytical techniques is used. At the end this paper reveals that the HR Branding is a value addition component of the skilled workers, which ultimately build their recognitions in the society/ market during such a competitive world.


Cox, N. (2010). Peter Boyce, The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and Its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand . McGill Law Journal, 56(4), 1207-1208. (The Federation Press, Sydney, 2008) ISBN 1-862877-00-9 and 978-1-86287-700-9 290 pages A$59.95


Objective To investigate the mental stress state of patients injured in road accident and its influencing factors.Methods The mental healthy state and its related influencing factors were investigated by means of atsymptom checklist-90(SCL-90),self-made patient information table and injury severity score(ISS).The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results The total score and respective value in SCL-90 in patient group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group(P0.01).The elevation of SCL-90 score was significantly correlated to gender,historical health,social support and injury severity.Conclusion A strong mental stress reaction occures in patients with sudden traffic accident,which is closely correlated to gender,historical health,social support and injury severity.We should not ignore the disordered mentalities of traffic patients during the resuscitation and treatment.It is very important to give early mental intervention to prevent traffic patients from distress or hyperirritability so as to recover physically and mentally and facilitate social adaptabilities.


This contribution contains an approach to the optimisation of slender compressed structures which leads to designs being robust against geometrical imperfections. In the developed optimisation model, the shape of the structure depends not only on the optimisation variables but also explicitly on a set of imperfection variables. The model of geometrical imperfections is based on the concept of random fields while for the uncertainty analysis a convex model is employed. The implementation of the presented method takes place in a software framework consisting of distributed software components communicating via CORBA. Each of the components is responsible for a certain aspect of the overall problem.


For SVC allotting in ATM networks,a SVC routing method based on ant algorithm is presented.Using MATLAB,simulation results show that the method can realize SVC routing effectively according to the user-specified QoS requirements.


This paper explores the use of dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for a particular type of asynchronous circuits, namely the single-rail bundled-data handshake-free asynchronous circuits. With respect to their synchronous counterparts, applying DVS to the targeted type of circuits imposes additional timing constraints that must be met to ensure correct operation. A new model defining these additional constraints is proposed. Such DVS related constraints were never explicitly formulated. The proposed model considers setup and hold timing constraints and transition degradation to ensure proper timing closure. Reported simulation results show that the timing constraints can be satisfied while applying DVS, but also that adjustments might be required to ensure proper pulse propagation and efficient operations.


This paper deals with the development of different methods that allow the reliability based design of ship structures to be transferred from the area of research to the systematic application in current design. It summarises the achievements of a three-year collaborative research project dealing with developments of models of load effects and of structural collapse adopted in reliability formulations which aim at calibrating partial safety factors for ship structural design.


Conventionally, the process sequence has to be known before the construction of the tolerance chart can begin. The determination of the process sequence requires extensive knowledge and experience on the part of the process planner. This paper describes a method of determining the process sequence automatically using a special profile representation method. The method uses a two-dimensional matrix, incorporating a number coding system, to model the part profile. A feature interpretation system is then developed to search and analyse the features using the 'top-down' approach and to assign the appropriate processes to each of them individually. An example is used to illustrate the method.


A measurement system comprises a sensor generating a calibration pulse and the first sensor data and transmits the first sensor data using a variable pulse width. A control module determines an age of the first sensor data based on a time difference between the calibration pulse and the time at which the sensor data either received and / or be used, determines a rate of change of sensor data using N previous sensor data samples and the first sensor data samples and equalizes the first sensor data based on the time difference and the change rate.


The main object of establishment of human sperm bank aims to solve human infertility. It partially rescues the problems caused by male factors and broads the research field of reproductive medicine and developmental biology, which would benefit many infertile couples with great scientific and social significance. However, the use of cryopreservation human sperm also causes serious consideration of social problems of medicine, humanities, law, ethics and moralities. It is of importance to standardize the management of human sperm bank otherwise it may threat human beings and the whole society.


The loess clay based copolymer (LC/PAAHM) was prepared by in-situ copolymerization and used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The removal rate of MB got to 98 % at room temperature and the adsorption capacity got to 348 mg/g. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are applied in order to determine the efficiency of LC/PAAHM used as an adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The results indicated that LC/PAAHM was an effective adsorbent and can be used to treat MB wastewater.


The rational site selection of thermal power plant will impact the economic operation and sustainable development directly. On the basis of construction of index system for evaluating thermal power plant site selection, the method of rough sets is applied to obtain the index weights, which only lie on the system potential information. Through the method of expert group decision-making, the quantitative and qualitative information is integrated, and then the priority of the alternative locations is obtained based on the information. The multi-objective optimal model for site selection is built up to balance the economical efficiency and average comprehensive efficiency. In consideration of decision-maker's predilection and heat load demand, the two goals of cost minimum and average comprehensive efficiency maximum are achieved at the same time. Example indicates that the method for site selection supplied in this paper possesses some advantages, such as scientificity and practicability.


Many academic librarians learn how to teach on the job and are self-taught, through attendance at short courses or reading a little theory. We wonder whether we are using the most appropriate and current teaching methods to provide a good learning experience for students. To develop my teaching, I studied for a Postgraduate Certificate in Learning and Teaching in Higher Arts Education, itself a blended-learning programme. An extended project as part of the course offered me the opportunity to explore ways to supplement classbased tuition with self-help materials such as podcasts, vodcasts and other digital media. Having studied alongside this blended learning cohort, as well as providing their information literacy classes, they were a natural choice for me to engage with for this project.


In this paper we investigate the asymptotic properties of the test statistics for detecting change-points in the mean of a set of multivariate long-range dependent observations. The limit theorems of weighted test statistics and weighted Lp-functionals of tests are developed. The limiting processes of these statistics are structurally different from those encountered in the independent or weakly dependent case.


Epitaxial films of Ga:YIG (gallium substituted yttrium iron garnet) deposited on GGG (gadolinium gallium garnet) substrates often fracture. This is especially noticeable for the gallium compositions which are favorable for the formation of bubble domains. A consideration of the conditions which lead to fracture indicates that fracture will not take place unless film thickness is greater than the length of a Griffith crack. This conclusion has led us to modify the lattice parameter of the Ga:YIG to ensure that the Griffith crack length is larger than the thickness of the film. This has been achieved by substituting Gd or Eu for some of the Y. It has eliminated the fracture problem and yet the magnetic properties required for the formation of stable bubble domains have been retained. In this work an x‐ray diffraction technique was used for the measurement of the epitaxial strains. This technique and the results of the strain measurement will be described.


Currently, the advanced studies have been justified and implemented in the Republic of Belarus that enable the production and a practical use of a domestic rapid test and allow dentists to apply microbiological diagnosis methods. The objective of the study was to develop a domestic rapid test for periodontology, indicating the procedure for preparatory clinical and laboratory measures using PCR and trypsin-like activity of periopathogenic microflora (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus) Dental examination was performed in 60 patients with clinical signs of generalized periodontitis and a 5‒6 mm deep pathological dentogingival pocket (PDGP), aged 35–44 (the main group), and 140 patients without signs of periodontal diseases, aged 20–24 (the control group). These patients were selected among the visitors of Chair No. 3 of the Belarusian State Medical University. The laboratory diagnosis was made using PCR and evaluating the trypsin-like activity of periopathogenic


In order to establish the double parameters earthquake damage model of concrete-filled rectangular tubular (CFRT) column, the hysteretic behavior of CFRT column under a constant axial load and cyclically varying lateral loads was utilized to obtain cumulative damage. Moreover the double parameters earthquake damage model that was fit for CFRT column has been set up by regression analysis. The results showed that the energy weighted coefficients of CFRT column's damage were and. The model for CFRT columns and damage analysis has a great significance to seismic design and earthquake damage prediction.


Periodontal disease is the term used to describe some pathological conditions characterized by degeneration and inflammation of gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and dental cementum. Periodontal disease involves destruction of alveolar bone around the teeth leading to defects or rather loss of the tooth if left untreated. This condition is caused by a chronic, mixed infection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate is an antiseptic, antifungal and bactericidal agent. CHX inhibits plaque formation by binding to anionic salivary glycoproteins and bacteria. Nano Hydroxyapatite (nHAP) is calcium phosphate in morphology and composition like the human hard tissues. Delivery of medications directly into the periodontal pockets alters the inflammatory response and reduces the pathogenic microbiota, an aspect which has attracted great interes. Result: The CHX Nanocomposites were non-toxic to human cells and promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading. The CHX Nanocomposites were found to be satisfactory in all respects, and CHX encapsulated in nanocomposites may be attractive candidates for the treatment of periodontal disease.


ABSTRACT The reliability polynomial R 𝒮(p) of a collection 𝒮 of subsets of a finite set X has been extensively studied in the context of network theory. There, X is the edge set of a graph (V, X) and 𝒮 the collection of the edge sets of certain subgraphs. For example, we may take 𝒮 to be the collection of edge sets of spanning trees. In that case, R 𝒮(p) is the probability that, when each edge is included with the probability p, the resulting subgraph is connected. The second author defined R 𝒮(p) in an entirely different way enabling one to glean additional information about the collection 𝒮 from R 𝒮(p). Illustrating the extended information available in the reliability polynomial is the main focus of this article while demonstrating the equivalence of these two definitions is the main theoretical result.


FIELD: packaging industry.SUBSTANCE: stiff package for smoking articles comprises smoking article group (4) covered by inner wrapper (3) and stiff outer container (2) accommodating inner wrapper (3) and having open edge (21). Stiff collar (5), installed between inner wrapper (3) and outer container (2), partially protrudes from the open edge. Empty gap (7) between inner wrapper (3) and outer container (2) is provided by two collar tabs (55), each tab (55) being arranged as a continuation of each of two side walls (52) and positioned perpendicularly to rear wall (54) of collar (5). Tabs contact the inner wall of outer container (2) and fix inner wrapper (3) in an intermediate position at a distance relative to outer container (2).EFFECT: stiff package for smoking products was proposed.9 cl, 16 dwg


Heilongjiang Province is the large province of the agriculture, logistics of farm products is very important in their economic development. Because the lagging of the logistics of farm product is developed, has already restricted the farm production of Heilongjiang Province and development of the rural economy seriously. This text setting out from the meaning and characteristics of analysing the fram product logistics, points out the question existing in the farm product logistics of Heilongjiang Province, and puts forward countermeasure of accelerating improving and developing farm product logistics of Heilongjiang Province on this basis.


This paper uses projection mapping to examine the constitutions and methods of expression of artwork influenced by light art. For the projectionmapping analysis, my works and those of others were selected as examples of the expression of illusionism and expandability of space. Furthermore, illlusionism and expandability have been expressed through the 3D spatial expression of the other works, achieved with projection mapping, and are different from existing 2D works. Consequently, the advantages include immediacy, whereby the space-time of the works coexist with the audience, and the expression of illusionism and expandability of space propose new possibilities for spatial expression.


This collection describes and analyses tourism practices in various communities and regions throughout the world. Though much of the focus is on the experiences of package tourist communities, space is also devoted to backpacker or independent travel communities. Several essays examine hosts and interactions between hosts and tourists. Place is another area of interest, at the level of landscape and region ( for example, Welsh mining and southern Polish farm landscape) as well as city (Venice) and country (Wales, India, Fiji, and Namibia). A number of essays look at various types, or genres, of tourism, from ecoand agri-tourism to heritage and ethno-tourism. Finally, in their study of the numerous modes and meanings of tourism practices, the contributors draw on a selection of primary source materials, including television programs, online messages, postcards, brochures, and advertising.


This paper analizes three features that make possible to describe the natural philosophy conception of David Hume: probabilism, agnosticism and fenomenalism. We show that, although the Scottish took Isaac Newton's method as starting point, the three mencioned characterists turned his science conception and his knowledge theory into something original, genuine and independent of Newtonian ideas. Newton's influence upon Hume was rather intended than a matter of fact. On the other hand, we show the curious similarity between Hume and Adam Smith 's science conceptions.


117 fascinating tidbits and anecdotes—among the countless gems is the tale of the lifeguards who inflated the "body count" of visitors to their pools to continue to justify their assignment. More importantly, however, Lair raises important questions about the meaning of service and sacrifice in modern warfare. As the U.S. military relies on increasingly lower numbers of combat personnel (not to mention private contractors) to prosecute a range of conflicts, the wartime experience of American personnel continues to change as well. Lair's bold and courageous book encourages us to ask difficult questions about what this means for traditional and often-outdated ideas about the military, soldiers, and citizens during wartime. With clear prose and a strong argument, this book could easily be integrated into courses on the Vietnam War or military history more broadly. It is surely a must-read for any serious student of the war or of the modern American military.


Minor actinides have received considerable attention recently in the nuclear power industry. Because of their potential value as recycle fuels in thermal and breeder reactors, reprocessing plants may have an economic incentive to extract Np, Am, and Cm from their waste streams. This report discusses the technique of hybrid densitometry and its potential to measure Np and Am in reprocessing plants. Precision estimates are made for the hybrid analysis of Np and Am in two types of dissolver solutions.


Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is the key to solving worldwide spectrum shortage. The open wireless medium subjects DSA systems to unauthorized spectrum use by illegitimate users. Secondary-user authentication is thus critical to ensure the proper operations of DSA systems. This paper presents SpecGuard, the first crowdsourced spectrum misuse detection framework for DSA systems. In SpecGuard, a transmitter is required to embed a spectrum permit into its physical-layer signals, which can be decoded and verified by ubiquitous mobile users. We propose three novel schemes for embedding and detecting a spectrum permit at the physical layer. The first scheme relies on a higher transmission power to embed the spectrum permit. To alleviate the assumptions on the additional transmission power, the second scheme is proposed with a limited negative impact on the normal data transmission. The third scheme takes a different approach by adopting a novel constellation design and exploiting the trust between the transmitter and the receiver. Crowdsourced spectrum misuse detection eliminates the need for the deployment of dedicated sensors and thus greatly reduces the deployment and maintenance cost. Detailed theoretical analyses, MATLAB simulations, and USRP experiments confirm that our schemes can achieve correct, low-intrusive, and fast spectrum misuse detection.


We use the standard theorem proving setup in prior work Irving et al. (2016); Bansal et al. (2019a); 2 Whalen (2016). Suppose we have a sequence of theorems (t1, t2, ..., tn), where each theorem appear 3 at the order it is proved by mathematicians. For each theorem ti, we construct a proof task that 4 proving ti (as the target theorem) using all its preceding theorems (t1, ..., ti−1) (as the background 5 theorems), such that the prover has the same set of known facts as mathematicians to prove ti. Then 6 we randomly split the five proof tasks into three sets for training, validation and testing. 7


With the advent of Project MARC, librarians have begun to discuss and in many cases decide what use they will make of the mass of cataloguing data which will be available to them in machine readable form.


A big manufacturer of generic drugs has had to pay $512m (£340m; €470m) to settle a claim that it took payments in various guises from the drug company Cephalon in exchange for not producing a cheap generic version of the company's best selling drug.

Teva was one of four generic drug makers named in an antitrust suit brought by a large group of bulk drug buyers, pharmacies, and US health insurance plans over an alleged scheme to avert generic competition for the sleep disorder drug modafinil (marketed in the United States as Provigil).1 The other manufacturers, Ranbaxy, Mylan, and Barr Pharmaceuticals, remain defendants in the suit. The same alleged scheme is the subject of a separate suit by the Federal Trade Commission against Cephalon, due to be heard in June.

Provigil's main patent expired in 2003, but the drug's maker, Cephalon, still held minor patents related to particle size of the active ingredient. Generic …


Abstract : The Interactive Graphics Utility for Army NEC Automation (IGUANA) is a system designed to reduce the time required for antenna model evaluation by providing partial automation to both the data entry and the data display processes. Previous to this system, the use of existing Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) for antenna evaluation required a lengthy, tedious, and error-prone process involving manual measurement of three dimensional coordinates of each significant point of the desired input structure from scale drawings (generally only top and side views are available), and manual entry via keyboard. IGUANA automates much of the above described process using a personal computer, a digitizer for input of the model wire end points from the top and side scale drawings, a graphics monitor for the display (including rotation and zooming capabilities) of the input data and resulting structures, a mouse for the editing of the structures, a plotter for the production of a hardcopy of the structure in various stages of completion, a printer for generating a hardcopy of data files to be sent eventually to the selected NEC host computer, and a modem to transfer data to and from the NEC host computer.


In this research, I addressed the most important readers in the Levant and highlighted their efforts in this century, in addition to talking about their efforts in teaching the Qur'an and readings and mentioning their elders and disciples, and the reason i chose this century, the 9th century AH, was fertile in the scientific movement.
I chose the most prominent scholars of this century, their origin, their elders, their pupils, their status, their influence, their most important scientific writings, as well as the most important role of the Qur'an in that era.


This study entitled "A study on tax planning measures adopted by salaried class based on Kottayam district in Kerala", is done to know the measures adopted by salaried class, to understand the problems faced by them in this regard, and suggest measures to be adopted to overcome these problems. Most of the respondents were males and belonged to public sector. Since taxable income arise for only those having income above Rs.250000,they are particularly opted, they are only doing tax planning as well. In case of filing of tax returns most of the employees depend upon professionals. Even if they all are educated they lack interest in knowing about tax and its related aspects. Complexity of IT Act and inefficiency of tax planning measures made them move away from this area. Majority of the people are interested in knowing about Mutual Fund and such innovative tax deduction measures. Tax planning is important not only for the employee but for the whole nation .Measures must be taken to impart more knowledge in this area among employees.


Results of a study directed toward using observed spectroscopic features for the measurement of temperature in the combustion zone of recovery boilers are described. Emissions of the potassium doublets at 404 and 766 nanometers (nm) have been observed in recovery boilers and temperature and self absorption effects on lines shapes have been modeled. Predicted emission line shapes are strongly dependent upon predicted concentration values of potassium. Proper selection of concentration ranges results in good qualitative agreement of predicted line shapes with those observed in boilers and laboratory flame experiments. These results indicate that the temperature dependence of potassium emissions is complicated by self-absorption effects which limit the optical pathlength over which emissions are practically observable. Temperature measurement may be feasible using pattern recognition methods coupled with algorithms based on an emission model and realistic estimates of the emitting species concentration.


An attempt is made to determine the age at menarche in an infertile population. Various models are used to estimate the mean and median ages at menarche among a sample of 437 women attending an infertility clinic at the Institute for Research in Reproduction in Bombay India. (ANNOTATION)


The Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) has been used extensively in the time-frequency analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals and Brain-Computer Interfaces. Most studies utilizing the HHT for extracting features in seizure prediction have used intracranial EEG recordings. Invasive implants in the cortex have unknown long term consequences and pose the risk of complications during surgery. This added risk dimension makes them unsuitable for continuous monitoring as would be the requirement in a Body Area Network. We present an HHT-based system on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for predicting epileptic seizures using scalp EEG. We use bandwidth features of Intrinsic Mode Functions and obtain a classification accuracy of close to 100% using patient-specific classifiers in software. Details of FPGA implementation are also given.


Aim: To quantify risks associated with exposure to dental amalgam mercury resulting from aerosolization during and following dental fillings removal procedures performed by dental professional over a lifetime of professional practice.
Methods: A computational fluid dynamics model was generated using particle size, density, and compositional data obtained from in-vitro aerosolization experiments simulating the environment and breathing conditions of a dental professional performing a dental amalgam restoration removal procedure. Analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry. Data was collected in 2018-2019.
Results: Experiments reveal that approximately 58% of mercury contained within the amalgam material is vaporized during removal procedures, and that aerosolized particles, ranging in size from 0.85 to 570 microns, may remain in suspension for nearly two minutes in the area surrounding the working surface. For dental professionals performing on average 9 such restorations per week, the estimated chronic daily intake (CDI) of mercury is 49 micrograms/kilogram-day, which exceed – by more than 20 times – the CDI recommended by the World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed in 2019.
Conclusion: Because the CDI exceed recommended safe exposure limits, dental professionals should wear respiratory and personal protective equipment to protect them from exposure to both mercury vapour and mercury-containing particulates for at least two minutes following removal procedures.