Wemodified theJavacodeoftheMOSSsimulator todevelop a robust virtual memory simulator which allows theusertoeasily switch between diferent page replacement algorithms including FIFO,LRU,and Optimal replacement algorithms. Thesimulator clearly demonstrates thebehavior ofthepage replacement algorithms ina virtual memory system, andprovides a convenient way toobtain their pagefault costs. Weran thesimulator undervariousscenarios including randomandmixedrandom-local memory access patterns.Theresults indicate thattheOptimal algorithm produces theleast numberofpage faults, LRU isgeneral better thanFIFO,andthatFIFO behavior isunpredictable andillustrates Belady's Anomaly.


Patent foramen ovale is often seen in the population but rarely observed with right to left shunting in the absence of pulmonary hypertension. Our report describes such a case where a patient with progressive shortness of breath had resolution of symptoms upon percutaneous closure. A discussion of the case and relation to similar cases is presented. A literature review along with explanation of possible contributing mechanisms in our patient's situation is explained. We also discuss several implications for practice and suggest that percutaneous closure is effective in our case and in similar situations.


To solve the problem of vanadium in stone coal to transform insoluble vanadium bronze because of secondary reactions during calcine cools slowly,a new technology for leaching vanadium by leaching the high-heat calcine directly with water was proposed.The influences of the main factors including temperature,leaching time and liquid-solid ratio were examined through singular factor experiments and orthogonal experiments.The optimal leaching conditions determined was temperature of 650℃,leaching time of 9hand liquid-solid ratio of 2mL/1g.The leaching rate of vanadium reach up 89% under the optimal conditions.This method could improve leaching rate of vanadium by reducing the generation of insoluble vanadium bronze and speed up the leaching process by effectively utilize the heat from the high-heat calcine.


This study aims to describe the impact of work motivation and work discipline to employee performance CV. Kuda Mas Malang. The sample consisted of 33 employees of production department selected by using Total Sampling technique. In this study used Likert Scale analysis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The findings indicated that employee performance was moderate, work motivation was moderate, and work discipline was moderate. Work motivation influence performance employee (3.074 >2.034). Meanwhile, work discipline significantly influenced performance employee (3.005 > 2.034). The result of Simple Linear Regression analysis, work motivation and work discipline significantly influenced performance employee. Moreover, by comparing the regression coefficients, the most dominant variable influencing performance employee was work motivation.


In this paper, we discuss the impact of petascale computing and the major issues to getting beyond a petaflops. We describe IBM approaches to petascale computing but with a major focus on the Los Alamos National Laboratory Roadrunner machine. We provide an overview of the hardware and software structures, focusing on the new triblade compute node architecture and the corresponding data control and synchronization software support to enable high-performance computing applications on this architecture. The fundamental technology drivers and issues for petascale computing and beyond are software complexity, energy efficiency, and system reliability, availability, and serviceability.


Forkhead-box gene 1 (FOXG1) has been reported to serve an important role in various malignancies, but its effects on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the specific regulatory relationship between FOXG1 and NPC progression. Tumor tissues and matching para-carcinoma tissues were obtained from patients with NPC. Small interfering (si)RNA-FOXG1 and pcDNA3.1-FOXG1 were transfected into SUNE-1 and C666-1 cells to knockdown and overexpress FOXG1 expression, respectively. FOXG1 expression was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was detected using MTT and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assays. Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell invasion, migration and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial markers (succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A, heat shock protein 60 and pyruvate dehydrogenase), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins (N-cadherin, Snail and E-cadherin) and apoptosis-related proteins [Bax, Bcl-2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP), cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9]. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected via flow cytometry, while the ATP/ADP ratio was determined using the ADP/ATP ratio assay kit. The present results demonstrated that FOXG1 expression was upregulated in NPC tissues and cells, and was associated with distant metastasis and TNM stage. Moreover, knockdown of FOXG1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and mitochondrial function of SUNE-1 cells, as well as promoted cell apoptosis, while the opposite results were observed in C666-1 cells. In conclusion, FOXG1 enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion, induced EMT and improved mitochondrial function in NPC cells. The current findings provide an adequate theoretical basis for the treatment of NPC.


BACKGROUND
The achievement of a peak bone mass is an important factor in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. In normal children, the amount of calcium intake could affect bone mineral increment.

AIM
To assess the effect of a daily 500 mg calcium supplement on bone mineral density, in a group of healthy Chilean girls.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty healthy girls were studied and 25 were randomly assigned to receive a 500 mg calcium supplement during 10 months. Bone mineral density of the distal and ultradistal region of the forearm was measured in all girls by single X ray absorptiometry (Osteometer DTX-100) at the beginning and end of the study. Bone mineral density was expressed as Z values.

RESULTS
Significant increments in bone mineral density at the distal radioulnar region were obtained in the supplemented girls. No significant changes in bone density were observed in control girls.

CONCLUSIONS
A daily 500 mg calcium supplement for 10 months increased bone mineral density in healthy girls.


The combination of micro-morphology and TCM symptomatology and its application in clinic and research is important to the establishment of morphological theory system with TCM characteristics.Syndrome differentiation and treatment is one of unique features of TCM diagnosis,which lays stress on pathogenesis.The pathogenesis of endometriosis(EMT) was investigated here from the angle of micro-syndrome-differentiation.Multiple causes were thought as the inducements of kidney deficiency and blood stasis in women through discussing the conformity of immune disorder in women with EMT and in the pqtients with kidney-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome.The blood stasis was accumulated along with menstrual cycle and EMT showed a progressive severe trend.EMT takes kidney deficiency as its root and blood stasis as its manifestation, so it is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality.


Tax-advantaging housing leads to the under-accumulation of productive capital, impacts on housing markets and public finance, and poses questions of resource misallocation, progressivity and inequality. What lessons, relevant to the UK context, could be learn from international experiences? This paper maps two strands of literature related to housing taxation: comparative analyses of the UK and other OECD countries (the 'international sample') and analyses of a range of taxes in the UK (the 'UK sample'). Searches were performed in six academic databases, Google Scholar and six relevant institutional websites. About 400 references published since 1980 were examined by title, keywords and abstract and reduced to the two most relevant reference sets of 63 references in the international sample and 71 references in the UK sample. This paper noted a spread of references across 54 journals, with a high majority of references being
published after 2000. The literature focuses on a wide range of taxes applying to different housing tenures, with the conspicuous absence of privately rented housing. The majority of references address issues of tax reform and distribution within the UK and US being over-represented compared to other OECD countries.


The Holy See, which is the central authority in the Catholic Church, is represented at the United Nations by a « Permanent Observer ». Pope John-Paul II himself approached the topic of human rights and supported and encouraged the efforts of the United Nations to guarantee « a fair and complete protection of fundamental rights and freedom for human beings ». During his pontificate, the representatives of the Holy See recalled many times the necessity to respect human rights in all their magnitude and integrity.
 Studying the numerous speeches of their delegates at the United Nations – in particular at the third Commission of the General Assembly or at the Commission of Human Rights – allows us to establish the position of the Holy See on main current problems such as religious freedom, the rights of women, of children and families, « the right of development », racial discrimination or the question of refugees. The observers of the Holy See regret that, too often, there is a contradiction between the principles proclaimed regarding the defence of human rights and the way they are implemented.
 The Holy See also points out and denounces what can be called a kind of corruption in the conception of human rights as they are maintained or interpreted at the UN in the light of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This distance from the spirit of the origins was particularly noticeable concerning the question of the defence of life or of the rights of women.


of PhD diss.). Kyiv [in Ukrainian]. Zimakova, L. V., Kovalevska, N. V., & Sonnyk, Yu. A. (2018). Osoblyvosti komunikatyvno-movlennievoho rozvytku starshykh doshkilnykiv zasobamy multyplikatsii [Features of communication and speech development of senior preschoolers by means of animation]: navchalno-metodychnyi posibnyk dlia samostiinoi roboty studentiv spetsialnosti "Doshkilna osvita". Poltava: PNPU imeni V. H. Korolenka [in Ukrainian]. ZIMAKOVA L. Poltava V. G. Korolenko national pedagogical University, Ukraine PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE MASTERS OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE USE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: CONTENT COMPONENT The article describes the content component of future masters of pre-school education training for innovative activity in preschool educational institutions. Innovative activity of a kindergartener is a demand of modern education, which involves a complex of individual changes of the pedagogical process components: content, forms, methods, technologies, teaching means, management systems; it is a higher level of pedagogical creativity, pedagogical ingenuity, and the introduction of something new in pedagogical practice. The authors have offered the introduction of a subject "Innovative technologies in pre-school education" for applicants of the second (master's) level of higher education of specialty 012 Pre-school education. This subject has the aim of forming the readiness of future masters to innovate activity in pre-school educational institutions. Its purposes are to master the knowledge of popular innovations in pre-school education and the current state of their use in native pre-school education at the regional and national levels; to develop their skills to introduce new ideas into the educational process of pre-school educational institutions methodically, competently, and creatively; to form comprehensive professional interests, cultural and aesthetic level of an educator's education in understanding and perceptions of various ideas, thoughts, directions, currents, etc. The information volume of the subject "Innovative technologies in pre-school education" is outlined. The content of module 1 "Essence of educational innovations in pre-school education" consists of "Theoretical principles of implementation of innovative processes in educational institutions" and "Educational innovative content in pre-school education". The content of module 2 "Innovative technologies in pre-school pedagogy (upbringing) and psychology of development of a child of pre-school age» consists of "General pedagogical and management technologies used in pre-school educational institutions" and "Innovative technologies of upbringing pre-schooler personality". The content of module 3 "Innovative technologies of pre-school education methods" consists of "Technologies of cognitive development of children of pre-school age" and "Technologies of learning and speech activity of pre-school children". Awareness of innovative technologies will help to form professional competence of future masters of pre-school education.


THE study involved 48 adult cocks from four breeds namely, White Rock (WR), Rhode Island Red (RIR), White Leghorn (WL) and Nigerian indigenous breed (NIB). They weighed between 1 -26kg at the beginning of the experiment. The WR cock had the heaviest paired testis Weight (25.06g) while NIB had the lightest (16.549). These weights accounted for 1.04% and 1.22% of the liveweight respectively while the specific gravity of the testis from these two breeds was 1.048. The volume (0.63ml vs 0.33ml) and progressive motility of the spermatozoa (63.34 vs 58.12%) were highest in the WR and lowest in the NIB while sperm concentration (3.03 vt 2.43 x 10') was highest also in the WR but lowest in the WL. These semen characteristics were significantly influenced by breed and time of ejaculation except with the volume in which the time effect was Insignificant. The WR semen had the lowest sperm abnormalities (10.13% while RIR had the highest (13.14%). The results however Indicate that the WR cocks ejaculated the largest quantity and best quality semen, followed in order by RIR, NIB and WL


In this research, we have developed and demonstrated a fabrication method for the formation of various shapes of silicon freestanding microfluidic channels and microstructures in one-step photolithography. The fabrication process utilizes the silicon direct wafer bonding with silicon nitride as an intermediate layer, local oxidation of the silicon (LOCOS) process and wet anisotropic etching. Two different types of etchants (non-ionic surfactant (Triton-X-100) added and pure 25 wt% TMAH solutions) are used in series to perform silicon anisotropic etching. Surfactant-added tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is employed to define the shapes of the structures, while pure TMAH is used to get high undercutting for their fast releasing. The non-ionic surfactant is preferred considering the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) post process issue of wet anisotropic etching. The undercutting at sharp and rounded concave corners, edges aligned along ⟨1 0 0⟩ directions, is measured and analyzed in both pure and surfactant-added TMAH solutions. Mask design issues that must be taken into consideration for the fabrication of desired shape and size structures are also presented.


A study was made of the factors controlling the distribution of magnesium in the calcareous skeletons of marine organisms. The mineralogy of the carbonate appears to be the most important influence, with large amounts of magnesium occurring in solid solution in the calcitic forms and generally lesser amounts in the aragonitic forms. The complexity of the organisms and the temperature of the water in which they lived are also controlling factors in the amount of magnesium present. A large part of the study, both mineralogical and chemical, was made with X-ray diffraction techniques.


surveys the biography and works of the Victorian poet. The film shows the things from which Browning drew his inspiration and uses paintings, early photographs, and scenes of little changed parts of London and Italy to illustrate the events of his life. A number of selections from Browning are read by costumed actors, emphasizing the drama and psychological insight of his work. Robert Browning—His Life and Poetry will provide background on, as well as stimulate interest in, his writings. Produced by Armada Films and International Film Bureau Inc.


Surface protein topographies of cultured normal and genetically dystrophic embryonic chick breast muscle cells and fibroblasts were compared by external labeling and size distribution analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gradient slab gel electrophoresis. Four labeling techniques were evaluated and all were found to be specific for the cell surface. Using radioiodination of tyrosine residues and periodateborotritide labeling of sialic acid residues, no reproducible abnormalities could be detected in any of the dystrophic cell types—fibroblasts, fusion‐inhibited differentiated myoblasts, and multinucleated differentiated myotubes. However, comparison of 3‐day‐old cultures of normal fusion‐inhibited differentiated myoblasts with fused myotubes revealed that increased iodination of protein classes with nominal molecular weights of 230,000 and 88,000 was evident in the myoblasts. In addition, large structural differences were detected between differentiated myoblasts and myogenic cells grown in the presence of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, a potent tumor promoter and reversible inhibitor of myogenic differentiation.


Biotypes of the oat race of D. dipsaci may occur in Britain. Resistant Milford oat seedlings were invaded but no typical tulip-root symptoms developed although some seedlings were killed. Resistance develops with age of the host. About 12% of 145 oats tested were resistant and another 8% partially so. The factors for resistance can possibly be traced back to Avena byzantina.


A modular knowledge based system (KBS) architecture providing a suitable framework for the design and implementation of complex inkormation processing systems is presented, and applied to the task of detecting objects and shadows in sector scan sonar imagery. The architecture has been derived from the conception of a blackboard system, where processing activity is organized to resemble a group of experts reading and writing on a globally accessible blackboard. The realisation described here is cellular, such that increasing amounts of feedback within each module establishes a hierarchy of information processing units. Each module, or rational cell, contains a blackboard, an inference mechanism and a knowledge base, and can manipulate uncertain information and goals (or hypotheses) represented as symbols, propositions, numerical parameters and two dimensional images. Each of these types may be operated on by processes employing rule based or algorithmic expertise to provide competitive or co operative support for the presence of a hypothesis. Confidence attributes are also maintained to indicate their validity. For initial experiments, three type 2 cells have been interconnected using a pipeline approach and three networked workstations. It is believed, however, that a hybrid functionally accurate/co-operative and functionally accurate/autonomous approach is the most appropriate for this vision task. The sonar processing knowledge base has successfully been applied to a limited class of real images derived from a UDI AS360 sector scanning device.


"Statement presented by David R. Brower, executive director of the Sierra Club, before the Subcommittee on Irrigation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Washington, D. c., in the course of the hearing on the Upper Colorado River Storage Project held June 28, 1954 and following days."


The upper layer hardness of 260-310 HB in pulsate hardening way is reached during primary wheel and bandage manufacturing after upper layer processing in the furnace that are hardened. In the depth of 30 mm metal hardness usually does not exceed 265 HB because of low metal and bandage penetration. That is why in the second repair stage the entire hardened metal layer fully goes off. Trough all the rest time the wheel and the bandage are exploited almost with out layer of hardened metal that is why they wear-off sooner and contact fatigue defects appear. Wheels are repaired more often and during this process useful wheel metal layer is taken off using grinding method. It is required that present wheels and bandages had upper run edge metal layer of 290-300 HB hardness. The same hardness must be trough all the depth which is necessary during all the wheel exploitation. Regenerating wheel work edge to get economic metal use is not purposeful to grind and make metal layer part into the shaving. There are known wheel regenerating methods when upper metal layer is heated to the hardened pearlite and only after that grinding is done.


The performance, advantages and disadvantages,and technical index of exsisting kinds of air-compress desiccators have been compared.Users should choose the desiccators correctly, economically according to the technological requirement so that they may greatly save purchasing and using charges.


A Reorganized and Updated Edition of the Bestselling, Definitive C++ Text The bestselling Programming and Problem Solving with C++ is the single clearest and most comprehensive introduction to C++, object-oriented programming, and software development on the market. Accessible enough for beginning students, this text has been accepted by hundreds of colleges and universities around the world as a model text for the ACM/IEEE-recommended curricula for CS1 courses and for the Advanced Placement exam in computer science. Renowned author team Nell Dale and Chip Weemss student-centered, pragmatic, and hands-on approach focuses on making even the most difficult concepts in computer science programming accessible to all students. Comprehensive and student-friendly, Programming and Problem Solving with C++, Sixth Edition remains the definitive text for introductory computer science programming courses.


Fifty-two Korean japonica rice cultivars were analyzed for leaf blast resistance and genotyped with 4 STS and 26 SSR markers flanking the specific chromosome sites linked with blast resistance genes. In our analysis of resistance genes in 52 japonica cultivars using STS markers tightly linked to Pib, Pita, Pi5(t) and Pi9(t), the blast nursery reaction of the cultivars possessing the each four major genes were not identical to that of the differential lines. Eight of the 26 SSR markers were associated with resistant phenotypes against the isolates of blast nursery as well as the specific Korean blast isolates, 90-008 (KI-1113), 03-177 (KJ-105). These markers were linked to Pit, Pish, Pib, Pi5(t), Piz, Pia, Pik, Pi18, Pita and Pi25(t) resistance gene loci. Three of the eight SSR markers, MRG5836, RM224 and RM7102 only showed significantly associated with the phenotypes of blast nursery test for two consecutive years. These three SSR markers also could distinguish between resistant and susceptible japonica cultivars. These results demonstrate the usefulness of marker-assisted selection and genotypic monitoring for blast resistance of rice in blast breeding programs.


The Striped Owl Asio clamator is a poorly known species ranging from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Uruguay. Few quantitative data are reported on its food habits, particularly in Brazil. This study analyses the diet of this raptor, including prey biomass consumption and seasonality. Field work was conducted in two localities in south-east Brazil, where savannah grassland (Cerrado biome) was the main vegetation cover. Samples of 87 pellets plus 6 pellet debris and 57 pellets plus 10 debris were collected respectively in the Reserve of Universidade Federal de Säo Carlos and the Ecological Station of Itirapina, roughly 30km apart. Pellet analysis for both localities yielded 478 prey individuals, including 48 species/morphospecies. Vertebrates, mostly rodents and birds, were both by number and by biomass the bulk of the diet (83.4-86.7% and 99.4-99.5%, respectively). Invertebrates were represented only by insects. Unlike other owls of similar body mass, the Striped Owl (347-546g) seems to prey regularly on relatively larger prey (>100g), as sub-adults and juveniles of Spiny Rats, Cavies and Opossums. This can be partially explained by the larger and possibly stronger talons of this owl. INTRODUCTION The Striped Owl, Asio ( =Rhinoptynx) clamator is a widespread mid-sized Neotropical species, ranging from southern Mexico through virtually all of Brazil except Amazonian forest, to northern Argentina and Uruguay (Voous 1989; Burton 1992; Del Hoyo et al. 1999; König et al. 1999). This owl occurs in open habitats with some shrub and tree cover, including savannahs, marshes, forest edges and agricultural fields (Voous 1989; Sick 1993; Del Hoyo et al. 1999). There are few ecological data available about this species (see Voous 1989 and Del Hoyo et al. 1999), apart from Oliveira (1980), Massoia (1988), Martinez et al. (1996), and Isacch et al. (2000). König et al. (1999) pointed out that its biology and behaviour need more study.


Compounds of Formula I are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication: the asterisk * in Q denotes the point of attachment to the rest of the compound; and n, L1, L2, X1, X2, χ3, Y, Z, R1, R2 and R3 are defined herein. The N compounds are useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection by HIV and the prophylaxis, treatment, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS. The compounds are employed against HIV infection and AIDS as compounds per se (or as hydrates or solvates thereof) or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The compounds and their salts can be employed as ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions, optionally in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.


Abstract We study the choice of the regularization parameter for linear ill-posed problems in the presence of noise that is possibly unbounded but only finite in a weaker norm, and when the noise-level is unknown. For this task, we analyze several heuristic parameter choice rules, such as the quasi-optimality, heuristic discrepancy, and Hanke-Raus rules and adapt the latter two to the weakly bounded noise case. We prove convergence and convergence rates under certain noise conditions. Moreover, we analyze and provide conditions for the convergence of the parameter choice by the generalized cross-validation and predictive mean-square error rules.


We have shown that low viscosity alkyl or hydroxyalkyl ammonium formate (ILs) can dissolve agarose, and higher dissolution can be achieved in the mixed, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl ammonium + imidazolium or pyridinium ILs. The polarity parameters α, β, π*, ET(30) and ETN of these IL systems were measured to explain their dissolution ability for agarose. Dissolved agarose was either regenerated using methanol as a precipitating solvent or ionogels were formed by cooling the agarose–IL solutions to ambient temperature. Exceptionally high strength ionogels were obtained from the agarose solutions in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium formate or its mixture with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Regenerated material and ionogels are characterized for their possible degradation/conformational changes and gel properties (thermal hysteresis, strength, viscoelasticity and conductivity) respectively. A high strength, high conducting ionogel was demonstrated to be able to build an electrochromic window. Such ionogels can also be utilized for other soft matter electronic devices and biomedical applications.


The objective of this work was to evaluate theeffect of silicon on the soil fertility, the incidence of diseasesand insect pests, the yield and quality of rice grains, varietyCR 4477. The study was conducted in La Vega, Florencia,San Carlos, Costa Rica between May and Octuber in 2010and 2011 in the same field. Five treatments were established:silicon to soil, silicon to soil plus pesticides (chemical alternatives),silicon to foliage, silicon to foliage plus pesticidesand a commercial control. Sources were silicon powder at70% of SiO2 applied 15 days before sowing at a dose of 100kg SiO2/ha and 40% SiO2 and 36% MgO concentrated liquidapplied to the foliage at a dose of 4 l/ha at 17 and 30 daysafter planting. The soil was an alluvial formation inceptisolorder, and at the beginning of the experiment had a pH of4.9, P and Si values of 29 and 44.7 ppm respectively, exchangeableacidity 1.2 cmol(+)/l and base sum 19.11 cmol(+)/l.The results showed no effect of silicon in soil fertility, the incidenceof pests and diseases, and milling quality, except thatthe combination of silicon applied at soil and the pesticidesused increased the zinc and copper content in the soil, alsothe zinc and magnesium in the leaves of rice, but this effectdid not result in yield and grain quality. Results also suggestthat the use of pesticides positively influenced weight andpaddy yield (p ≤ 0.05).


This article pretends to establish a semantic and historical link between the Camusian concept of revolt and the concept of resistance from the presence, respectively explicit and implicit, that both have in the philosophy of Albert Camus and that determines his metaphysical, anthropological, ethical and political thought. From the philosophical analysis of the concept of revolt and its necessary link with the Camusian concept of the absurd, resistance appears as the background of human existential experience, in its metaphysical dimension (search for meaning), in its ethical dimension (finding a fundamental principle of action) and in its political dimension (to build an order where freedom and the right of rebellion of human beings are preserved). Also, from historical analysis, the Camusian concept of revolt appears strongly linked, regarding contrast, with that of revolution, this due to the political context in post-war France after the experience of La Resistence, which profoundly influenced Camus's thought.


Magnetic nanostructures with conical shape are highly desired for pursuing extraordinary magnetic properties and microwave absorption. However, fabrication of such nanostructures with controlled shape and size uniformities and alignment is not yet realized. Accordingly, the magnetic properties and their application as microwave absorber are not well understood. Here, we report on the first demonstration of controlled fabrication of soft magnetic nickel nanocone arrays with sharp geometry, large aspect ratio, uniform size, and parallel alignment. The imaginary part of the relative complex permeability shows multi-band absorption in the 1-18 GHz range. Such an exceptional microwave absorption is believed resulted from the uniform conical shape and size and the parallel alignment. The absorption mechanisms are discussed under the framework of natural resonance and exchange resonance. The natural resonance is dependent on the shape anisotropy and facilitated by the conical geometry. The exchange resonance is well explained by the observation of the bulk spin waves with exchange coupling at the tip of nanocones using the inelastic light scattering, and is consistent with exchange theory predictions for the quantization of bulk spin waves. We expect that our work will shed light on the physical insights into the magnetic properties of nanocones and find great potential in applications of microwave absorption.


The direction of the contemporary mobile computing is towards heterogeneous networking and seamless integration with physical surroundings, commonly known as smart spaces. The interoperability issues raised by this trend have resulted in numerous service discovery protocols with varying designs. However, the requirements regarding the management aspects of smart spaces, inherent in the trend, have been poorly met. In my research, I focus in resource management concepts that facilitate the deployment of service-oriented applications and optimize resource usage in smart spaces. This multidisciplinary research spans from networking designs to methods of information visualization. Author


Push technology has recently generated a tremendous amount of media attention, commercial activity, and contro versy. The wide range of opinions on push is understandable given that it represents a major departure from the way distributed information systems have traditionally been b Adding to the noise, however, is confusion about the basic principles of push and where it fits in to the world of data delivery. For example, many discussions on the topic blur the distinction between push and broadcast. We argue that this confusion stems from two fundamental causes: First, push is just one dimension of a larger design space of data delivery mechanisms. Second, networked information systems can employ different data delivery options between different s ets of information producers and consumers. In this short paper we characterize the design space for dissemination-based i nformation systems and applications, and show how current "push" solutions fit into this space. We then use this framework highlight how the implementation of current Internetbased push solutions differs from the appearance that they present to users.


In the recent time, the need of high data rates intended for mobile communication has been increasing considerably. To persuade these huge demands of communications exploration of new methods are going which exploits the restricted resources like bandwidth and power in the best efficient way possible. MIMO (Multiple input and Multiple Output) scheme is one of the techniques having multiple antenna elements on both the link ends which mark an efficient solution for upcoming field of wireless communications systems because it provides higher data rates by utilizing the space domain beneath the various constraints of limited bandwidth as well as transmit power. Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) is one of the MIMO transmit approach that will exploit the transmit diversity. STBCs can be classified into two major categories, named as, Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBCs) and NonOrthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (NO-STBCs). The Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (QO-STBCs) comes under the category of non-orthogonal-STBCs and is currently an intensive area of research. The Orthogonal-STBCs are able to achieve full diversity along with lower decoding complexity, although at the price of loss in some data rate. Achieving full data rate along with full diversity in case of two antennas is possible. Taking more than two transmit antennas and achieving full data rate in case of QSTBCs is not possible; there would be some loss in the diversity gain. The foremost aim of this work is to grant an integrated theory of QSTBCs considering four transmit antennas and one receive antenna. The dissertation majorly consists of two parts: In the former part detailed analysis is done for various QOSTBC's with a technique employed of removing interference and also assuming that there is no knowledge of channel on the transmitter front. And in the later part rotation mechanism is applied on a specific code to achieve full rate, diversity as well as pairwise decoding. In the first part of this dissertation a description of QSTBC considering four transmit antennas is shown. It is also revealed that by applying linear transformations on various QOSTBC's and other conventional codes transformation into one another can be done. The major transformation of converting (4 × 1) MIMO channel into its equivalent virtual (4 x 4) MIMO highly structured channel is shown for the same quasi orthogonal space time block codes. The arrangement and the composition of the equivalent channel are of key significance for measuring the performance of these QSTBCs. The off-diagonal elements of this virtual channel matrix are accountable for self-interference at the receiver from other signals. The closer these off-diagonal elements of the virtual channel matrix are to zero, the closer is the code to an orthogonal one. After that, outcome of decoding technique is illustrated upon the performance of the code. And finally, a new QOSTBC is anticipated whose decoding complexity is much less in comparison to the conventional QOSTBC without any loss in its performance. In the second part of this dissertation rotation mechanism is employed upon the existing QOSTBC. . In order to achieve full transmit diversity a novel criteria of rotated constellations for different transmitted symbols is explored. This scheme outperforms transmit antenna shuffling (TAS) and also removes its disadvantage of dedicated feedback channel for CSI. The final code thus achieved is very influential as it grants code rate one, full diversity as well as pairwise decoding. Finally, simulations show that bit error rate performance is significantly improved by gain of 3dB in comparison to TAS scheme


Abstract: The high temperature capability of nickel alloys makes them critical for power plant applications. Microstructural evolution in such alloys determines the long-term performance such as creep life. This chapter concentrates on modelling creep in solid solution-strengthened and precipitation-strengthened nickel alloys. Topics covered include empirical, semi-empirical, neural network and physics-based approaches. The latter are discused in some detail, focussing on dislocation kinetics, microstructural descriptors and influences, and the evolution of microstructure in relation to ageing and the accumulation of damage.


The front cover of Law and Justice in Community shows a grey goose crossing the sky.1 This image is evoked by the Grágás, the first written record of the laws of Iceland. In 1117, the Icelandic Parliament (Althingi) had decided that all the laws should be written down. Prior to that, the laws had been recited annually by the Law Speaker at the Althingi. The question posed at the start of Law and Justice in Community is how the Law Speaker knew which laws to recite. The settlement of Iceland began in the second half of the ninth century AD. Within a century the Althingi had been founded and the practice of reciting laws must have started sometime thereafter. But where had these laws come from? Were they made, in some form of social contract? Or did they evolve through custom? It is these questions that animate Law and Justice in Community. Barden and Murphy insist that there is no reality to the idea of social contract. Law must have emerged through custom. Although they dismiss the social contract model, they do not limit their concept of law to law that has been positively made by the state. Instead, by 'law' they mean 'those judgments and choices that in recurrent kinds of circumstances are generally accepted and approved in a particular community'. They use a number of interchangeable words for this phenomenon: 'living law', 'com(2011) 2(2) Jurisprudence 71–73


The paper presents a summary of the California Launch Vehicle Education Initiative (CALVEIN) and focuses on its propulsion aspects. CALVEIN was established at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) in partnership with Garvey Spacecraft Corporation (GSC) in 2001. The first experience included the student development of two 1000 lbf thrust ablative rocket engines using LOX and ethanol. The engines powered the CSULB Prospector rockets P-1 and P-2 which were launched and recovered in June 2001 and Feb. 2002, respectively. One of the components of CALVEIN is an Aerospace System Design curriculum, which, in one year, takes the students through the product development cycle, from requirement definition to the manufacture and test of an aerospace product. The curriculum was applied to the development of a 1000 lbf annular aerospike engine and of a thrust vector control (TVC) system. The student designs and tests are presented. The aerospike engine operated successfully for 200 ms after which the spike nozzle structurally failed. The TVC system is being completed and the aerospike engine is being revised. The paper ends with a summary of the lessons learned and of the benefits of such industry/academia partnerships.


This paper concentrates on the basic methods to operate computer ports directly under Delphi RAD environment. In order to make choice correctly for readers in their programming practice,the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are also discussed.


By calculating the Laplacian of the square of the length of Ricci tensor,a new Simons'integral inequality in the Pseudo-Riemannian manifold has been obtained and some related results generalized.


In recent years, quite a number of local initiatives in Berlin have turned former empty lots or brownfields into publicly accessible open (green) spaces, some only temporarily, others on a more permanent basis. A few of those projects – often inspired by those created in New York City – can be identified as community gardens. Collective gardening, in the form of community gardens, is still a rarely known form of creating, shaping and using public space in Germany. However, for more than a decade Berlin has experienced an increase in the emergence of those kinds of grassroots initiatives. Although there are much older examples of open spaces created by and for residents, as discussed below, most of the existing gardens today have been created since the year 2000. The question is, what led to the recent rise in community gardening projects in Berlin? To answer this question, this chapter will examine the local governing context in Berlin in which the recent rise of community gardening has taken place and compare community gardens across a 20-year temporal divide.


This paper describes a study on an design of IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) for reliability of demagnetization characteristics-based rotor. The IPMSM in this paper is located at a lower part of a railway vehicle and has a totally enclosed type structure so heat does not circulate within it and its temperature rises high. In order to increase power density of the motor, a neodymium permanent magnet with high energy density is used. However, this neodymium permanent magnet has properties that demagnetization occurs at a high temperature or by a reverse magnetic field and that as a new demagnetization curve called a recoil line is drawn in the B-H characteristic curve, magnet becomes permanently demagnetized. This permanent demagnetization property decreases the torque characteristics of or power output of the motor, eventually making it impossible to drive the railway vehicle and also reducing its reliability. In order to prepare for these problems, it is definitely necessary to consider analysis of the demagnetization property in the analysis stage. Hence, this study aims to propose an analysis method of demagnetization characteristics by considering the recoil line and to establish a base capable of securing reliability of IPMSM for traction of and highlights the proposed analysis method through a performance test and temperature saturation test of the prototype.


By providing a brief historical survey about evolution of tourism in Ethiopia, this study examines the impact of transportation infrastructure on tourism development & management in Lake Tana region, North West Ethiopia, with greater emphasis on road and water transportation. The study was carried out to determine if the region's water and roads infrastructure were unsuitable for safe transportation and for tourism development. Result showed that a developed water and road transport infrastructure open up the region for development of tourism industry thereby giving concerned authorities that have stake in tourism better access to destinations and heritages to properly manage the region's tourism. Therefore, based on the results of the study, it is recommended that government should ensure continuous and regular check of water and road transport infrastructure in Lake Tana region with better cooperation among stakeholders and involving the local population for sustainable tourism development


The transit technique is responsible for the majority of exoplanet discoveries to date. Characterizing these planets involves careful modeling of their transit profiles. A common technique involves expressing the transit duration using a density-like parameter, ρ˜ , often called the "circular density." Most notably, the Kepler project—the largest analysis of transit light curves to date—adopted a linear prior on ρ˜ . Here, we show that such a prior biases measurements of impact parameter, b, due to the nonlinear relationship between ρ˜ and transit duration. This bias slightly favors low values (b ≲ 0.3) and strongly disfavors high values (b ≳ 0.7) unless the transit signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient to provide an independent constraint on b, a criterion that is not satisfied for the majority of Kepler planets. Planet-to-star radius ratio, r, is also biased due to r − b covariance. Consequently, the median Kepler DR25 target suffers a 1.6% systematic underestimate of r. We present a techniques for correcting these biases and for avoiding them in the first place.


In the last decade or so we have seen tremendous progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is now in the real world, powering applications that have a large practical impact. Most of it is based on modeling, i.e. machine learning of statistical models that make it possible to predict what the right decision might be in future situations. For example, we now have object recognition, speech recognition, game playing, language understanding, and machine translation systems that rival human performance, and in many cases exceed it (Hassan Awadalla et al. 2018; Hessel et al. 2017; Russakovsky et al. 2014). In each of these cases, massive amounts of supervised data exists, specifying the right answer to each input case. With the massive amounts of computation that is now available, it is possible to train neural networks to take advantage of the data. Therefore, AI works great in tasks where we already know what needs to be done.


High resolution infrared absorption spectrum of H3 has been observed toward the luminous Galactic center sources GCS 3-2 and GC IRS 3. With the wide wavelength coverage of Subaru IRCS, six absorption lines of H3 have been detected from 3.5 to 4.0 μm, three of which are new. In particular the R(3, 3)l transition arising from the metastable (3, 3) level has been detected indicating the existence of high temperature cloud. At least four velocity components are found in the H3 absorption profile. The observations have revealed a striking difference between the absorption profiles of H3 and CO, demonstrating the complementary nature of the H3 and CO as astrophysical probes.


Diversity of interactive environments has increased with use of developing technology in open education systems. In this sense social media platforms allows to coming together of learners. Distance education institutions can make important decisions by following students' interaction in these environments. Especially students established themselves non-formal social media platforms are subject of investigation. There are different support needs of students throughout student learning life in distance education institutions. These issues are called student affair in distance education literature. These issues may vary by countries, region or program. Anadolu University is a mega-university in distance education area. There are some student support issues in this system and they attempt to find supports. Some of them can be listed as follows: New Registration and Registration Renewal, Examination Services, Course Exemption, Student Certificates, Forgotten Password and Sign-in Problems, Academic Amnesty, Military Service, Student ID Cards, Diploma and Diploma Supplements, Associate Degree, Honor Certificate, Postage and Shipping Services, İnternational Programs and Tuition Fee. In this subject some solutions can produce by following trends of students. In this study, Facebook groups have been investigated which created by distance education learners on social media platforms. These groups were analyzed with maximum interaction and Open Education Faculty Department of Sociology Facebook group is selected. Interaction and trends in the group are discussed in the context of student support. NodeXL, Gephi and Quintly software are used for social network analysis based on shares, comment and likes. The research aims to uncover student support trends on social networks. Student trends will be discussed under categories. Findings of the research can contribute to development of student support activities in this open education system. Further learners' trends are important to show that intensity topics. Emerging student support trends on social media platforms is important to produce solutions.Keywords: Student support; open and distance learning; social networks; content analyses; sociology


In post liberalisation period, the Indian equity market has become more integrated with other developed and emerging markets in the world. As a result of this increased integration among stock markets internationally, the return volatility in other markets put a significant impact on the volatility in the Indian market. The National Stock Exchange (NSE) introduced a volatility index in 2008 called the 'India Volatility Index' or 'India VIX' to measure particularly implied volatility for the Indian market. India VIX is calculated from near-term order book in 'at-the-money options' on the CNX Nifty 50 index. This paper is an attempt to explore the idea of Volatility Index (VIX) and India VIX on the basis of secondary data.


12 key journals on biodiversity conservation embodied by SCI and 10 journals of relative subject entered into SCI and SCI-E in China are fully elucidated including information about the journals' names in English and Chinese, the cycle of issues, the numbers of original editions, the new impact factors, the numbers of international standard edition, the issue places, the issue presses, the contact address, the up-to-date URL; and the brief introduction of every journal. The brief introduction includes the year of the journal established, the development of the journal, the main topics and languages, the contents of the journal and abstracts, and the full paper and so on that can be obtained free from web site.


According to the demand of the present agricultural environment on-line monitoring, a design scheme based on Nx5883 wireless remote control terminal is proposed for agricultural environment monitoring system. The monitoring system consists of background detection server and remote detection terminal; it can real-timely monitor the environment variables such as temperature, humidity and sunlight which can influence crop growth. Firstly the system framework is given, secondly the hardware is designed. Whats more, the function application and work process is given. Because of using the wireless data transmission, the system solved the existent problems in upgrade and expanding. Because the monitoring system has the advantages of low-power, low-cost, agile expanding and so on, it will possess a wildly application foreground.


A book about the life of Vincent Charles "Bud" Perini, Jr., including brief biographical text and compiled photographs with captions.


Semiotic and psychological aspects of urban advertisement texts functioning, their sign composition and the character of the connection between the parts of an ad message with different codes are considered in the article. The significance of metaphor and metonymy in the processes of the formation of semiotic and cognitive connections in urban ad discourse is marked out.


Several drug-price "remedy" bills are floating around Congress, with most being described as a "first step." So why is no one referring to that step as significant?


Disk Type Variable Reluctance (DTVR) resolvers have distinguished performance under run out fault comparing to conventional sinusoidal rotor resolvers. However, their accuracy under inclined rotor fault along with different types of eccentricities includes static and dynamic eccentricities are questioned. Furthermore, due to thin copper wires that are used for signal and excitation coils of resolver there is high risk of short circuit fault in the coils. So, in this study the performance of the sinusoidal rotor DTVR resolver under the mentioned faults are studied. The quality of output voltages along with position error of the sensor is discussed. 3-D time stepping finite element method is used to show the effect of different faults. Finally, the prototype of the studied resolver is constructed and tested. The employed test bed is built in such a way that is able to apply controllable level of different mechanical faults. Good agreement is obtained between the finite element and the experimental results, validating the success of the presented analysis.


The United Kingdom has seen the highest reduction in the world in the rates of death from female breast and male lung cancer, according to the latest research from Oxford University professors Richard Doll and Richard Peto, presented at the headquarters of Cancer Research UK last week.

Total cancer mortality for both males and females is at its lowest levels since 1950, said Professor Peto. The figures were heavily influenced by the decrease in cancers attributed to smoking.

In males, cancer deaths not attributed to …


In this video presentation, we introduce an immersive multimodal virtual environment which supports real-time interactions with 3D deformable model through a haptic device. We include a system called "FakeSpace" to imitate 3D environment, and a PHAMTOM device to simulate touching forces. Movements of 3D deformable models are simulated based on a spectral method, and forces are simulated as spring forces. We are able to real-time update both visual and haptic feedbacks, so that to provide a more realistic user interaction. In addition, with the help of stereoscopic display, we can present an immersive 3D experience. This video illustrates the settings of our environment and demonstrates how users real-time manipulate 3D models in this immersive system using some interactive examples. Our system is reconfigurable and is useful for different applications in the fields of education, entertainment, medical simulation and so on.


RD however, R&D output performance has never been seriously examined within this sector. Since the island's electronics industry is widely regarded as the most promising industry in the 'high-tech sector', and is expected to place greatest emphasis on its R&D efforts, we take the electronics firms as our analytical sample. This paper, therefore, sets out to estimate the impact of R&D on firm performance, in terms of productivity growth and the rate of return on investment within the electronics industry in Taiwan, whilst also examining the Schumpeterian hypothesis, that R&D performance is an increasing function of firm size. Our examination of R&D performance is based on a panel sample of 83 large electronics firms, completely balanced over the period from 1994 to 2000, with series data of R&D capital also being constructed. Based upon the extended Cobb-Douglas production function, a random effects model is developed with the estimations revealing that the output elasticity of R&D is around 0.19 and the average rate of return on R&D is around 22%. These findings clearly demonstrate that investment in R&D by these electronics firms has had an impact on their competitive advantage. Compared to the findings of previous studies, where the analytical unit of data was at firm level, here the rate of return on R&D is consistent with similar estimates for the US and UK, but lower than those for Japan. However, our estimations do not provide support for the hypothesis that the impact of R&D on productivity is an increasing function of firm size.


Turbo codes were the first error-correcting codes that demonstrated reliable communications near the channel capacity with practically feasible hardware. Due to their excellent error-correcting capability, they are part of many modern communication technologies, like 3G, 4G, LTE, etc. An LTE turbo encoder is a rate-1/3 systematic encoder made of a first 8-state recursive convolutional encoder and a second 8-state recursive convolutional encoder. Recursive convolutional encoders are identical, coupled in parallel concatenation scheme, and connected with pseudo-random QPP interleaver. The decoding of LTE Turbo codes is iterative. One iteration starts with decoding of the first convolutional code and continues with decoding the second convolutional code. In order to achieve higher decoding speeds, recursive convolutional codes are decoded with the MAX-Log-MAP algorithm. In this paper, we decode LTE turbo codes with two decoding processes. In one of the decoding processes iterations start with the first convolution code, wherein in the other decoding process iterations start with the second convolution code. We combine the results of both decoding processes to improve turbo decoding process. In channel coding in many communications systems, the speed of decoding is the main design goal. Proposed decoding technique may be used to reduce the number of iterations of LTE turbo decoders, thus improving the decoding speed.


To deliver software product in required quality, it is crucial to address and manage the quality assurance domain properly. Software metrics can be used for reflection of the qualitative characteristics of software modules in a quantitative way [Arar and Ayan 2016], presenting a control instrument in a software development and maintenance process [Alves et al. 2010]. Software metrics assess software from different views and, therefore, belong to different metrics groups, but overall, reflect the internal quality of software systems [Arar and Ayan 2016]. The usefulness of metrics without knowing their reference values is very limited, due mainly to interpretation difficulties [Ferreira et al. 2012]. To overcome the above-mentioned difficulties it is important that reliable reference values of software metrics are available. Thresholds are heuristic values that are used to set ranges of desirable and undesirable metric values for measured software and, furthermore, used to identify anomalies which may be an actual problem [Lorenz and Kidd 1994]. Threshold values explain if a metric value is in the normal range [Ronchieri and Canaparo 2016] and, consequently, provide a scale for paying attention to thresholdexceeding components [Arar and Ayan 2016]. There are many approaches available to compute thresh-


991 pieces of meteorites of various kinds have been collected from a bare ice field (now named the "Meteorite Ice Field") near the Yamato Mountains (about 72 S, 36 E) in Antarctica. Among these meteorites, 2 are irons and 1 is a stony-iron, while all the others are chondrites or achondrites, in which 5 pieces of carbonaceous chondrite are included. The differential mass distribution spectrum of these stony meteorites is represented by N(m) oom-513,which is in agreement with the theoretically expected result for small asteroidal bodies based on the fragmentation model theory. An interpretation that all the meteorites are due to one or several meteorite showers can be rejected because their meteoritic characteristics are broadly dispersed. The most plausible interpretation is such that a large number of meteorites falling over the Antarctic interior during a long period of time have been transported by the ice sheet movements which result in a horizontal convergence and an upwell of ice flow owing to the bedrock topography. Another necessary condition is the exposure of meteorites on the blue ice surface caused by the ablation effect. Semi-quantitative examinations of each process involved seem to justify the above-mentioned hypothesis. Results of the examinations are as folJows: (a) The estimated gravity separation effect of meteorite in ice is negligibly small so that all Yamato meteorites should have been transported by the ice sheet flow. (b) The velocity distribution along the streamlines of ice flow estimated on the basis of a new theory of an ice sheet profile gives rise to an estimate of the longest time interval from a meteorite fall to its exposure as 105 years. (c) The bedrock topography comprising the Yamato Mountains and the sub-ice Vernadski Mountains is very likely to cause a horizontal con vergence and an upwell of the ice sheet flow in the vicinity of the Yamato Mountains, where triangulation surveys have shown an actual example of the horizontal convergence and the observed upwell velocity ranging from 2 to 8 cm/year. (d) Continuous ablation of the ice sheet surface can result in an accumulation of meteorites on the bare ice surface. The annual ablation rate there amounts to 2-7 cm/ year. It seems that these conditions are favorable for an accumulation of meteorites which have fallen in the accumulation area on the northern slope of the Fuji Divide. A U.S.-Japan cooperative program of Antarctic search for meteorites in West Antarctica, planned on the basis of this hypothetical mechanism, has led to a collection of 11 meteorites from two bare ice areas among theoretically predicted ones.


By the analysis on the daily precipitation and temperature of Changchun station during October to next march from 1971 to 2000,and respondedly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the standard of the great weather process with ice-snow and cool disaster is proposed.Based on studying the upper and lower air circulation of 36 weather processes,four synoptic models are given.In addition,the physical parameter fields and normal parameter fields of those processes are researched.


This work is part of a search in progress that aims to evaluate the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in building a scenario of research that enables deploying Statistic Education in Higher Education. Considering the recommendations of the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistical Education (GAISE) – College Report, approved in 2005 by the American Statistical Association (ASA) and based on the concept of " Scenarios of Research " of Ole Skovsmose, we propose a teaching that integrates deferent technologies for Statistic Education. The results demonstrate that the use of ICTs to ally Scenarios of Research and Statistic Education contribute significantly to a better teaching-learning relationship.


A field experiment was carried out during 1995 and 1996 summer season to study the effect of irrigation levels and growth regulators on yield components and yields of sesame. Three levels of irrigations, viz., irrigating the crop at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS), at 45 and 60 DAS and at 30 and 60 DAS were allotted in main plots. In sub-plots, Paclobutrazol and Cycocel were applied with two concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) besides, water soaked and dry seeds (control). Magnitude of number of capsules plant, number of seeds capsule, test seed weight, seed and stover yields were decreased when irrigation was applied twice only. Skipping irrigation at 45 DAS (flowering) had more impact on crop properties than at 30 DAS. Cycocel acted better in arresting the ill effect of water stress. Variation in growth regulator concentrations had resulted no significant effect in crop.


E. D. Adrian, F.R.S. (1889-1975) was one of Britain's most distinguished neurophysiologists, who, during a long and productive lifetime, achieved most honours and distinctions available to a scientific man. These included the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, shared with Sir Charles Sherrington, F. R.S., the Order of Merit (1942), and Presidency of the Royal Society (1950-55). His interest in the nervous system started at the beginning of his undergraduate career, much influenced by his Director of Studies, Keith Lucas, F.R.S. (1879-1916). Lucas, a skilled and imaginative neurophysiologist, was particularly renowned for his technical ability to design and build new equipment. In turn, his pupil's work on recording and analysing the electrical impulses in nervous tissue was also facilitated by the development of appropriate, sensitive instrumentation. This paper will describe Adrian's first use of valve amplifiers to enlarge the extremely small electrical signals then obtainable in the physiological laboratory, a development that epitomized the beginning of the electronic revolution in life sciences' laboratories.


with identifying the progression of disease. Comparison with other validated non-invasive markers of steatosis or fibrosis in NAFLD is also warranted. In addition, further studies are required to confirm the potential therapeutic role for PTX-2 in NAFLD, and these studies should be extended to other fibrotic liver diseases. Any identified therapies should be utilised in addition to risk factor manipulation, to reduce not only the risk of significant liver disease but also cardiovascular mortality rates. In the era where the number of patients with the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD is rapidly escalating, the study by Verna provides a potentially exciting signpost towards risk stratification and novel therapeutic targets and should be warmly welcomed.


The band offset is a key quantity that largely determines electrical transport across the heterointerfaces in electronic devices and photovoltaic cells. Its accurate determination has therefore been one of the central issues in computational materials science. The band offset by nature depends on the atomistic and electronic structure of heterointerfaces. Assuming such dependences to be weak at interfaces composed of structurally and chemically similar materials, a band alignment diagram, where relevant materials are aligned using a common reference level, carries information of the band offsets. Quantities such as branch points from bulk calculations and ionization potentials from surface calculations, as well as band offsets explicitly obtained from interface calculations, have been used for the alignment, but the effects of misfit dislocations at semicoherent interfaces have been neglected. In this talk I will revisit the band alignment of zinc-blende and chalcopyrite semiconductors using semilocal and hybrid density functional calculations [1-4]. In particular, the effects of misfit dislocations on the band offsets are discussed for selected zinc-blende heterointerfaces via explicitly treating edge dislocation arrays in the calculations [1]. The variation in the electrostatic potential associated with the presence of misfit dislocations is found to be localized around the dislocation cores. The misfit dislocations typically affect the band offsets by only about 0.1 eV at a distance of 1 nm from the interfaces.


The building of the team of student Party members is an important part of the Party building work in colleges.Problems still exist in the building of the grassroots Party organizations and in the self-improvement of the student Party members.It is proposed that student Party members participate in the theoretical study,in the building of the grassroots Party organizations,and in the assessment and monitoring mechanisms to ensure the democratic rights of student Party members.


To cite: Abdallah FW, Hussain N, Brull R. Reg Anesth Pain Med Epub ahead of print: [please include Day Month Year]. doi:10.1136/rapm-2020102395 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada


Laurus nobilis L. is an evergreen Mediterranean shrub whose leaves have been known for various health-promoting effects mainly attributed to polyphenols. Microwave- (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are green extraction techniques that enable effective isolation of polyphenols from plant material. Therefore, the aim of this research was to optimize the extraction conditions of MAE (ethanol percentage, temperature, extraction time, microwave power) and UAE (ethanol percentage, extraction time, amplitude) of polyphenols from Laurus nobilis L. leaves and to assess their polyphenolic profile by ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Optimal MAE conditions were 50% ethanol, 80 °C, 10 min and 400 W. Optimal UAE conditions were 70% ethanol, 10 min and 50% amplitude. Spectrophotometric analysis showed the highest total phenolic content in the extracts was obtained by MAE, compared to conventional heat-reflux extraction (CRE) and UAE. The polyphenolic profile of all obtained extracts included 29 compounds, with kaempferol and quercetin glycosides being the most abundant. UPLC-MS/MS showed the highest total phenolic content in the extracts obtained by CRE. ORAC assay showed the highest antioxidant capacity in extracts obtained by CRE, which is in agreement with the polyphenolic profile determined by UPLC-MS/MS.


For researching on the influence about the quality of machining workpiece by the cutting parameters such as axial feed, rotating speed ratio, eccentricity and so on. The base of vector model about the orthogonal turn-milling movements is founded by analyzing on the process of the orthogonal turn-milling movements, and it's track have been simulated. The results show that the surface roughness can be decrease and the machining quality can be improve by reducing the cutting tool's axial feed and ratio between the workpiece and the cutting tool except the eccentricity.


Three standard proteins including bovine serum albumin (BSA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT) were separated by size exclusion chromatography and on-line determined via sulfur by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Molar ratios of the proteins were calculated by the analytical results and the known sulfur content in proteins. The mobile phase was 0.1 mol/L Tris-HAc. In order to avoid the polyatomic interferences on the sulfur determination, oxygen was added into the collision cell and reacted with sulfur to form sulfur-oxide ion. Therefore, the intensity of (SO+)-S-32-O-16 represented sulfur content during the measurement. These results were in good agreement with the gravimetric results. The RSDs for the proteins are less than 3% and the detection limits for BSA, SOD and MT-II are 14, 52 and 27 pmol, respectively.


This paper is about whether shifts in attention can alter what it is like to think. I begin by taking up the hypothesis that attention structures consciousness into a centre and a periphery, following Watzl's (2014, 2017) understanding of the distinction between the centre and periphery of the field of consciousness. Then I show that introspection leads to divided results about whether attention structures conscious thought into a centre and a periphery – remarks by Martin (1997) and Phillips (2012) suggest a negative answer, whereas remarks by Maher (1923) and Chudnoff (2013) suggest a positive answer. Lastly, I argue that there is behavioral evidence that lends weight to the "yes" side of the introspective dispute. My argument makes use of Garavan's (1998) study of forming and maintaining two mental counts at once.


Method comprising: Obtaining, in a mobile device (100, 402), power information indicating a detected power of respective signals received from a plurality of transmitters (404, 406); Displaying a map on a display of the mobile device (100, 402); Receiving a user input in the mobile device (100, 402) indicating a request to determine the position; Determining the location of the mobile device (100, 402) based at least in part on: positions of the plurality of transmitters (404, 406), a first function of the power information, and a second function of the respective positions of the plurality of transmitters (404, 406); and Placing, in response to the user input, an indication on the map corresponding to the particular position; the method further comprising: Dividing the plurality of transmitters (404, 406) into groups of a predetermined number of transmitters (404, 406) according to all possible groupings of the plurality of transmitters (404, 406), the minimum number of transmitters (404, 406) per group being three is; wherein determining the position comprises determining a tentative position for each of the groups using at least the information indicating the detected power from the transmitters (404, 406) in the group; and Selecting the position among the specific provisional positions.


The invention relates to a gas film building and buildings with the same, belongs to the field of building structural systems. The gas film building and the buildings with the same solve the potential safety hazard problem that partial failure of thin films can cause the whole gas film building to collapse in the prior art. The gas film building comprises a thin film, and gas charging tubes are arranged in the thin film. The invention further relates to the buildings which comprise walls and the gas film building. The internal pressure and the external pressure of the gas film building are identical, the whole architectural structure is connected through film sheets, maintenance is convenient to carry out, partial failure cannot cause the whole gas film building to collapse, and safety is guaranteed, needed aeration quantity is low, and power consumption is small, when the gas film building serves as a closed smelly source for treating stink gas, the needed gas exchanging amount and treating amount can be reduced greatly, a deodorization system is optimized, and the effects of energy conservation and environment protection are achieved. The gas film building is easy to inflate, dismount and move, and suitable for occasions with positions needing to be moved frequently.


1Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; 4Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; 5Department of Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China


This paper is concerned with the stability analysis and H∞ fuzzy controller design of continuous-time fuzzy interconnected systems with time-varying delays. The fuzzy interconnected system consists of N interconnected time-delay Takagi-SugenoT-S fuzzy subsystems and the delay-dependent stability analysis is based on the fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. It is shown that the delay-dependent stability of the time-delay fuzzy interconnected systems can be established if a fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional can be constructed, and moreover, the functional can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities LMIs that are numerically feasible. The decentralized H∞ controllers are also designed by solving a set of LMIs based on these fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. It is demonstrated via numerical examples that the stability and controller synthesis results based on fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals are less conservative than those based on the common quadratic Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals.


Race is a form of difference that powerfully shapes indigeneity in Canada. In the specific context of exploring how race has impacted Métis Indigeneity in particular, in this talk I will position race as a form of administrative classification, noting both its structuring/symbolic and structured/material effects as a form of common sense and as a set of social hierarchies and divisions. I then move to a more specific investigation into the racial logics involved in the creation of Métis administrative categorizations in particular, an endeavour that seems inevitably to include a discussion about our essential mixedness or hybridity. I am critical of hybridity's supposed emancipatory potential and suggest why it has been unbeneficial as a source of Métis political claims in particular, insofar as it denies our pre-colonial peoplehood in the very same rhetorical breathe as it reproduces Canada's political legitimacy.


Contemporary versions of the general purpose, nonlinear finite element program ABAQUS have been used in structural response verification exercises on flawed and unflawed austenitic stainless steel and ferritic steel piping. Among the topics examined, through comparison between ABAQUS calculations and test results, were: (1) the effect of using variations in the stress-strain relationship from the test article material on the calculated response; (2) the convergence properties of various finite element representations of the pipe geometry, using shell, beam and continuum models; (3) the effect of test system compliance; and (4) the validity of ABAQUS J-integral routines for flawed pipe evaluations. The study was culminated by the development and demonstration of a macroelement'' representation for the flawed pipe section. The macroelement can be inserted into an existing piping system model, in order to accurately treat the crack-opening and crack-closing static and dynamic response. 11 refs., 20 figs., 1 tab.


The results of measurements of the day airglow in the wavelength interval 1356–1600 A from detectors aboard the polar-orbiting satellite Ogo 4 are reported for the period August 1967 through July 1968. The columnar emission rates for the total Lyman-Birge-Hopfield system of molecular nitrogen (implied by assuming a relative spectral composition for the incident radiation) for a solar zenith angle of 0° were of the order of 6.5 kR, with variations that tended to follow the 10.7-cm flux; however, the magnitudes of the variations of the two were not always the same. The emission rate at night has an upper limit of 25 R (determined by the data noise level). The dependence of the emission on solar zenith angle is shown to be approximately proportional to the reciprocal of the Chapman function; i.e., the local intensity can be expressed as the product of the reciprocal of the Chapman function, the subsolar point intensity, and a global distribution function that has a value close to one. This global distribution function is approximately related to the atmospheric composition and has a latitude and local-time dependence similar to that of the exospheric temperature. Using an expression for the diurnal variation of the exospheric temperature developed by Jacchia (1965), the relation implies that the global distribution function maximum (at 70° solar zenith angle) follows the latitude of the subsolar point with a lag of 5.3 hours. The magnitude of the observed columnar emission rate for the LBH band system agrees well with recent calculations that assume that the excitation mechanism is photoelectron impact.


Game analyses in association football are increasingly valuable for professional teams to remain competitive. Unfortunately conventional methods of post-game analyses often fail to analyse and visualise the complex spatiotemporal patterns of the football sufficiently. These circumstances lead to a rising demand for rich geospatial sports data. Actually, vast amounts of geo data are captured. In this article, the two basic kinds of football specific geo data are described. This paper also presents the possibility to utilise these special datasets for spatio-temporal analyses, conducted with a Geographical Information System (GIS). Furthermore, the modelling of a football field using a GIS is portrayed. Additionally, the implementation of football specific geo data is demonstrated. Moreover, our central future research project is introduced. Since football can be thought as a union of space and time, game analyses cannot ignore its spatio-temporal nature. The suitability of GIS applying football specific geo data is also discussed.


Previous studies have reported conflicting findings on whether item repetition has beneficial or detrimental effects on source memory. To reconcile such contradictions, we investigated whether the degree of pre-exposure of items can be a potential modulating factor. The experimental procedures spanned two consecutive days. On Day 1, participants were exposed to a set of unfamiliar faces. On Day 2, the same faces presented on the previous day were used again in half of the participants, whereas novel faces were used for the other half. Day 2 procedures consisted of three successive phases: item repetition, source association, and source memory test. In the item repetition phase, half of the face stimuli were repeatedly presented while participants were making male/female judgments. During the source association phase, both the repeated and the unrepeated faces appeared in one of the four locations on the screen. Finally, participants were tested on the location in which a given face was presented during th...


This study is to show the existence of middle stage meaning between causative and transitive meanings of an intransitive verb (sa)seru-form which has both causative and transitive meanings. That is to say, the meanings of (sa)seru-form are not separated dualistically as the causative and transitive meanings, but are connected by a middle stage on a line. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clearly classify the ranges of the causative, transitive and middle stage meanings by using properties of verbs, intention and activity of causer, and volitionality and activity of causee. Usually, what causative meaning is strong means that a situation is accomplished by the intention of the causer and the activity of the causee, and when the influence of the causer to the causee is indirect. On the other hand, what transitive meaning is strong means direct and concrete influence of subject to object. Classification features obtained from examples printed in books make that meanings of (sa)seru-form differ according to the properties of verb, causer with or without intention and activity, causee with or without volitionality and activity, and so on. Furthermore, these results show that meanings of intransitive verb (sa)seru-form can not be classified just by causative and transitive meanings, but should be classified as causative, transitive and middle stage meanings.


Significance Antibodies are the most versatile class of binding molecule known, and have numerous applications in biomedicine. Computational design of antibodies, however, poses unusual difficulties relative to previously designed proteins, as antibodies comprise multiple nonideal features, such as long and unstructured loops and buried charges and polar interaction networks. We developed an algorithm that uses information on backbone conformations and sequence-conservation patterns observed in natural antibodies to design new antibody binders. Designed antibodies were very different in sequence from natural ones, but had similarly desirable properties of affinity and stability, and molecular structures showed high accuracy relative to the design models. The design principles we implemented can be used to design other functional folds, including many enzyme classes. Natural proteins must both fold into a stable conformation and exert their molecular function. To date, computational design has successfully produced stable and atomically accurate proteins by using so-called "ideal" folds rich in regular secondary structures and almost devoid of loops and destabilizing elements, such as cavities. Molecular function, such as binding and catalysis, however, often demands nonideal features, including large and irregular loops and buried polar interaction networks, which have remained challenging for fold design. Through five design/experiment cycles, we learned principles for designing stable and functional antibody variable fragments (Fvs). Specifically, we (i) used sequence-design constraints derived from antibody multiple-sequence alignments, and (ii) during backbone design, maintained stabilizing interactions observed in natural antibodies between the framework and loops of complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) 1 and 2. Designed Fvs bound their ligands with midnanomolar affinities and were as stable as natural antibodies, despite having >30 mutations from mammalian antibody germlines. Furthermore, crystallographic analysis demonstrated atomic accuracy throughout the framework and in four of six CDRs in one design and atomic accuracy in the entire Fv in another. The principles we learned are general, and can be implemented to design other nonideal folds, generating stable, specific, and precise antibodies and enzymes.


A secure integer comparison protocol is one of the most fundamental building blocks to construct protocols of rich functionality in multi-party computation. It allows parties to compute the less-than functionality on shared values in privacy preserving manner. In this paper, we present a tree-based secure two-party comparison protocol in the client-aided client-server model, which outperforms existing approaches in terms of round complexity when it is used for 64-bit data. Our proposed protocol requires only 9 communication rounds to compare 64-bit data, which is at least 3 times fewer rounds than existing protocols. This suggests that our protocol is adequate to be used in low-latency networks such as WAN.


BACKGROUND
The examination of fixation on the fundus oculi is one of the main points in the diagnosis of amblyopia. Therefore it is necessary to describe the fixation ability and to clarify at what age children can fixate foveally and at what age this examination can be carried out, considering not only physiological aspects, but also co-operation reasons.

PATIENT AND METHODS
Fixation on the fundus oculi was examined in 111 children aged between 1 and 25 months with the ophthalmoscop-star. This examination was carried out in 64 cases by a second and in 15 cases by a third examiner on the same day.

RESULTS
During the first 3 months of age children cannot fixate foveally, one can observe instead, a kind of scatter at the posterior pole in a diameter of about 5 degrees. In the course of the 4, and 5, month of age foveal fixation develops. Repeated examinations of the same child on the same day by a 2, and 3, examiner reveal a very high rate of accordance (78%) of their results.

CONCLUSIONS
The examination of fixation on the fundus can be carried out at 4 to 5 months of age. At that age one can differentiate quite reliable between a foveal and eccentric fixation as well as scatter at the posterior pole. The rate of accordance 78% with this fixation examination by several examiners shows that same reliability of this examination carried out in school children and adults. Comparing this result with fixation examination carried out with the Haidinger brushes then one must calculate with a fault rate of about 20% when examining with the ophthalmoscope, considering that the examination with Haidinger brushes as a reference examination.


This research investigates design and analysis of an optimal classifier for the categorization of handwritten Marathi characters of Devnagari script using a multilayer feed-forward neural network. Effort has been made with the different combinations of MLP NN models having tan-sigmoid transfer function for hidden and log-sigmoid transfer function for output layer, trained with Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm for random data partitions. Scrupulous experimentation shows that average classification accuracy is well above 97% for all 32 classes. Three set of trials with different neurons in hidden layer, three best networks are derived and analyzed on the basis of MSE, % accuracy, correlation coefficient (R-value) and slope of regression fit on training, validation and test dataset. Ultimately, a single best neural network out of three best networks is further analyzed on account of confusion matrix for derived data partitions, which reveals misclassification rate for each individual class with maximum error rate up to 6.23% for some characters. Overall, classification accuracy on training, validation, test and combined dataset is 99.54%, 98.30%, 98.42% and 99.31% respectively on the total dataset size of 8224 samples distributed uniformly within 32 classes of typical Devnagari consonants.


By allowing for investment activities by research and development (R&D) …rms to prevent product obsolescence, we show that if legal patent protection is too strong, a higher R&D subsidy rate delivers insu¢cient investments for survival in the R&D sector, depressing innovation and growth in the long run. JEL classi…cation: O31, O34, O41 Keywords: Firm survival, R&D subsidy, patent breadth, endogenous growth The author acknowledges the hospitality and support of Simon Fraser University, where some of the work in this paper was completed. The author is grateful to Angus C. Chu and Tsuyoshi Kawasaki for their very helpful comments and suggestions. The author also gratefully acknowledges the partial …nancial support of a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) #23730198. Email address: email@example.com. Address: 101-2 Yagoto-honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya 4668666, Japan. Tel.: +81-52-835-7494.


The source material for Shakespeare's Hamlet (c. 1600) is derived from Norse mythology and was recorded in the Historiae Danicae of Saxo Grammaticus at the end of the 12th century. However, it is the expanded (by the addition of moralizing commentaries) version of the story in François de Belleforest's popular Histoires tragiques (1559–1582) that is generally regarded as one of Shakespeare's immediate sources. There are several differences between the two texts; for example, although constitutive elements of the plot (fratricide, incestuous marriage, feigned madness, and execution of a long-delayed revenge) are present in Belleforest's work, there is no ghost. In addition, Fengon – the equivalent of Shakespeare's Claudius – murders Amleth's father in public, so the issue of doubt, a central motif in Hamlet, regarding whether a murder took place and who carried it out, does not exist. In Hamlet, the protagonist, a student in Wittenberg, is summoned back to the Danish court of Elsinore because of his father's sudden death, and only learns that his father was murdered from the ghost: "GHOST: 'Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard, / A serpent stung me―so the whole ear of Denmark / Is by a forged process of my death / Rankly abus'd―but know, thou noble youth, / The serpent that did sting thy father's life / Now wears his crown." Ghosts were by no means uncommon on the stage of the time. One reason was the significant influence of the tragedies written by Seneca, which saw


One of the major obstacles preventing the wide use of polymer composites in structural application is the absence of unified and authoritative design standards. In the USA, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Pultrusion Industry Council (PIC) of the Society of the Plastics Industry have realized the urgent need for such a document. A national consensus design standard is required to provide reasonable reliability and safety and to encourage the use of composites by practising engineers. Recently, similar positive efforts have been initiated in Japan, Canada, and Europe. In 1995, a joint project between the ASCE and the PIC was initiated to provide this essential document. The project was designed as a multi-phase effort to produce the final standard document for design of pultruded composite structures. The first phase of this joint project was completed in 1996. In this project, the author acted as a technical expert and the developer of the prestandard technical database for the general contractor, Chambers Engineering, Canton, Massachusetts. This paper summarizes the activities and the content of the Phase I ASCE/PIC Prestandard Document that covered standards for structural design, fabrication and erection of pultruded FRP structural shapes, plates, and rods. A description of the literature survey and the state-of-the-art technical data is presented. The paper also presents the scope and organization of the individual chapters that were developed. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E204495.


This paper reports an experimental investigation on the residual shear strength of the corroded RC beams with stirrups having different levels of corrosion. A total of ten beams was tested, including four beams were subjected to an electrochemically accelerated aging technique for 60 and 80 days to obtain the theoretical mass loss in their stirrups of 10 and 20%, respectively. The objective of the test program was to investigate the shear performances of strengthened beams loaded up to failure, including load-deflection behaviour, crack patterns, ultimate capacities, and modes of failure. Compared to the un-corroded specimens, the average shear strength of corroded specimens decreased by 16.08 and 25.34%, corresponding to the degree of corrosion of 12.3 and 23.6%.


The dried powdered leaves of Ailanthus excelsa was soaked over night in petroleum ether and continuously extracted for several hours in soxhlet extraction apparatus followed by reduced pressure distillation of petroleumether to obtain the concentrated extract. The extract was then subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and the saponifiable fraction is acidified and extracted with benzene. The organic fraction containing fatty acid is subjected to esterification to obtain methyl esters. The major components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS).


NMR studies and DFT chemical shift calculations of (−)-sparteine−phenyllithium (PhLi) complexes are reported. It is found that PhLi forms a tetrameric ladder complex in diethyl ether (Et2O) solution complexed by (−)-sparteine. The tetrameric ladder core is terminated by (−)-sparteine ligands. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordinates more strongly to PhLi than (−)-sparteine; thus in THF solvent only the THF-solvated PhLi dimers are observed, while (−)-sparteine is free in solution. However, addition of substoichiometric quantities of THF to the Et2O solution of the (−)-sparteine-solvated PhLi ladder tetramer results in PhLi dimers solvated by one (−)-sparteine and one THF molecule. GIAO DFT calculations on model systems at the B3LYP(6-311+G(d,p))//B3LYP(6-31+G(d) level of theory provide details regarding the solvation at lithium in these complexes, which supports the NMR results.


Homicide rates for South African children were estimated at double the global average in 2000. This article presents a secondary data analysis of the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS), with full coverage in four major metropolitan cities. Child homicide rates for 2001–2005 were calculated within the 0–4, 5–9 and 10–14 year age groups. The homicide rates were similar to the global pattern, with higher rates for boys, and among children aged 0–4 years than for older children. Poisson regression, accounting for city level clustering, was used to investigate age, sex and period effects in the homicide rate. The model indicated that the gender difference was more marked in the 10–14 year age groups (RR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.97–2.38) than in the 5–9 year (RR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.27–1.62) with the 0–4 year age group in-between (RR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.55–2.10). These data confirm previous observations that fatal violence among children is a public health concern, but, given the high rates of homicide among South African adults and other competing public health problems, it is difficult to motivate for action to address the issue of violence against children. Nonetheless, there are sufficient indications that efforts to reduce childhood violence are urgently needed.


This paper is an insight into the recent developments in the design methodologies in seismic design of steel structures. Recent damage throughout the world due to earthquakes have led to the conclusion that the inherent seismic resistance of steelStructures should not be taken for granted. Due to increasing number calamities occurring due to earthquakes per year, new advancements has to be made in the design procedures and material control measures as well as welding practice. We will look into the solutions such as displacementbased design and Assessment procedures alongside the generalization of limit state concepts into a performancebased Design framework. In this paper, recent findings on the material, section, member and sub assemblageLevels are reviewed and possible code applications are highlighted. However our main concern will be moderate seismic zones.