Physics. Therefore, a new chapter of Physics began. Concepts should be translated into numbers. This means that we have to define basic units which could be expressed quantitatively by numbers and all predictions should be empirically tested. From the practical point of view, by the mid-eighteenth century, it had become apparent the necessity of standardisation of weights and measures among nations. Moreover, from the scientific point of view, the international community started claiming for a unification that could facilitate the exchange of scientific ideas between nations. In particular, in 1783, James Watt advocates an international decimalised system of measure. In a certain sense, this was a claim for globalisation in Science and trade. The French Revolution was actually important to the dissemination of such ideas. On 7 April 1795 the metric system was formally defined in French law. It was not necessary a long time for those ideas to spread out through Europe. It is precisely at this point that the reviewed book begins. Precise Dimensions: A History of units from 1791–2018 is a fascinating book, showing how difficult is 'to get a number' in Physics and how many distinguished physicists were involved in the hard task of offering precise dimensions to the new generations. Edited by Malcolm Cooper and Jim Grozier, from the History of Physics Group of the IOP, the book is divided in nine chapters, each one wrote by a different researcher. We clearly see that the editors succeeded in getting a quite uniform treatment of each one of the nine topics. In fact, the book is balanced, well written and brings several coloured illustrations and photos. It is not out of place to mention all each chapters and its writer. Chapter 1 (Jim Grozier and Sophie Osiecki) – 'The metre and the metric system'; Chapter 2 (Rory McEvoy) – 'From notion to precision: The SI second'; Chapter 3 (Edward A. Davis) – 'Lord Rayleigh's determination of the ohm'; Chapter 4 (Graham Machin) – 'Temperature scales: past, present and future: 1700–2050'; Chapter 5 (Hasok Chang) – 'Kelvin's absolute temperature and itsmeasurement'; Chapter 6 (Juris Meija) – 'A brief history of the unit of chemical amount'; Chapter 7 (Teresa Goodman) – 'The history of the SI unit of light, the candela'; Chapter 8 (JimGrozier, Sally Riordan and Richard Davis) – 'The story of mass standards 1791–2018' and finally Chapter 9 (Brian Kibble) – 'Mass from energy – a unit for a quantum world'. References are given in all chapters except in the last one. Clearly, due to its own subject nature, the book treats many different areas of Physics (and Chemistry). Certainly, the reader will soon realise how difficult is to get a precise value for any physical constant or unit. Although not treated in the book, the example of Robert Millikan concerning the measurement of the electric charge is very illustrative. Indeed he worked from 1909 to 1930 to improve the measured value of this constant from 4.65× 10−10 statC to 4.770× 10−10 statC. It is very impressive that all chapters are written in simple and appropriate language and bring to the reader a very vivid history concerning the basic units of the International System (SI). The high quality illustrations are very useful and help a lot in the comprehension of each chapter. In less than two hundred pages, the authors succeed to record one of the biggest efforts of mankind to get a solid system of units that can be expressed in a very precise way. I strongly recommended the book to anyone interested in the History of Physics, not just those interested in the History of Measurement. My last comment is that, being a physicist, I would have appreciated to find in the book a final chapter on the four fundamental units of physics, G, e, c and h, and how they are related to those covered throughout the book. However, this gap does not take away the brightness of the book.


University of Alberta Edmonton T6E2B7 Canada mis-sense mutation (Val-Ile) in codon 717 of APP and in the absence ofgenetic data would be classified as a form of LBD (Lantos et a!, 1992). Other mutations at this codon (e.g. Val-Gly) have failed to result in Lewy body pathology (Mann et a!, 1992). Mutations within a single gene are generally regarded as a single nosological entity despite varia bility in phenotypic presentation, as seen in prion disease (Roberts & Harrison, 1991). Förstletalnoted that tangle densities in the frontal lobe and parahippocampal gyrus were significantly lower in the patients who had LBs; they also stated that these same two regions were the sites ofgreat LB density. It has been proposed that the LBs themselves representa form of modified neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and in this context it is the total number of inclusion bodies (NFTs and LBs) that may be im portant. Therefore, an individual may exhibit a pre ponderance for either NFTs or for LBs, reflecting a common underlying aetiological process of neuronal damage due to @3-AP deposition. In summary,wesuggesthat theavailableevidence indicates that LBD represents part of the wide spec trum of cinico-pathological consequences of 13-APde position. In suchcircumstances it seemsinappropriate, at present, to propose a series ofdiscrete subtypes of @3-amyloiddementia.


【Objective】To summary diagnosis and treatment experiences of pancreas trauma.【Methods】 Clinical data of 32 cases with pancreatic injury from January 1990 to August 2007 in the affiliated Xiangdong hospital of Hunan Normal University were retrospectively analyzed.【Results】 Thirty cases were recovery,and 20 cases were dead.Complications were occurred on 6 cases,which included pancreas abscess,fistula and peritoneal infection.【Conclusion】These data show a lack of specific examination to pancreatic injury.It is the key for us to alert the diagnosis of pancreatic injury.Early diagnosis and proper treatment may obviously decrease the death rate and diminish the complications.


The kinetics of the destruction of diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) in corona discharge has been studied using a flow tubular coaxial wire dielectric barrier corona discharge reactor. The identification and quantitative determination of DIMP, its destruction intermediates, and phosphorus-containing destruction products were performed using molecular beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Active discharge power was varied in the range 0.01–5 W. The destruction products such as isopropyl methylphosphonate, methylphosphonic acid, and orthophosphoric acid were found on the reactor walls. The dependence of the extent of the destruction, D (D = 1 − X / X0, where X and X0 are DIMP mole fractions at the outlet and the inlet of the reactor), on the specific energy deposition Ex (Ex = PF−1X0−1, where F is the carrier gas flow and P is the power dissipated in discharge reactor) was measured over the DIMP mole fraction range 60–500 ppm at the pressure of 1 bar and the temperature of 340 K. Over the range of the experimental conditions studied the destruction obeys the "pseudo-first-order" kinetic law: ln(1 − D) = −KEx. Plausible mechanisms of the destruction are discussed. It was concluded that ion mechanism is the major one responsible for the destruction process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 331–337, 2002


Objective To investigate the different expression of NF-κB p65 Protein in placental tissues between premature delivery and term delivery and to explore the significance of nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) protein expression in preterm delivery. Methods Fifty premature delivery pregnant women and thirty term delivery pregnant women ( were enrolled in this study. According to the way of delivery , the patients were divided into two groups. The expression of NF-κB p65 protein was analyzed by using immunohistochemistry method in the placental tissues. Results In the term delivery, NF-κB p65 was mainly negative or weak positive expressed in the cytoplasm of cells in the placental tissues. There was no demonstrable difference in immunostaining of the NF-kB p65 subunit in the placental tissues including chorion, umbilical cord and fetal membranes before and after labor ( P > 0.05 ). In the premature delivery, NF-κB p65 was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclear of cells. The expression of NF-κB p65 protein in chorion and fetal membranes from premature delivery( 18% ,56% ) was significantly higher than that from normal pregnant women (6.7% ,13.3%, P <0.01 ). But no significant change was found for NF-κB p65 expression in umbilical cord in pregnant women with or without premature delivery ( P > 0.05 ). And in fetal membranes and deciduas, there was a significant increase in the staining of immunoreactive NF-κB p65 in preterm(52.9% ,58.8% ) by caesarean section compared to tissues obtained from term delivery( 13.3%,6.7%, P <0.01 ). In chorion and fetal membranes, there was significant increases in the staining of immunoreactive NF-κB p65 in preterm ( 24.2%, 57.6% ) by vaginal dehvery compared to tissues obtained term delivery (6.7%, 13.3%, P <0.01 ). Conclusion In this study, the expression of NF-κB p65 did not show significant change in term delivery before and after labor. NF-κB p65 in premature delivery was higher than term delivery, and it had no relationship with the delivery ways.

Key words:
NF-kappa B/ME; Infant,premature/ME; Term birth/ME; Placenta/ME


Ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug that is widely used in young goats, was avalied as to its effect on gastrointestinal nematodes, at all parasitic stages. Twelve naturally infected young goats were studied: six of them received 200µg/kg of ivermectin orally, while the other six was used as controls. The faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test, the larval culture and the worm burden was estimated. Faecal samples was collected from the goats on the day of medication (day zero), at seven and at fourteen days. All the goats were killed fourteen days after treatment; helminths were collected and the total parasite load was estimated. FECR and the efficiency of the drug on adult nematodes was 42.10% and 32.62%, respectively. The genus Haemonchus represented 100% of the population in the treated group and 99.58% of the control group. These results show that the goats had already been infected by ivermectin-resistant Haemonchus strains.


The Eastern State Penitentiary, located in Philadelphia, was opened for use as a prison in 1829 and closed in 1971. The penitentiary's early practice of placing all inmates in solitary confinement has often misleadingly been referred to as the "Silent System." Sounds were present in the penitentiary, but they were carefully controlled and channeled towards the primary goal of the institution: forcing the prisoners to experience true penitence. The sounds that were made audible to the inmates were meant to signal the purpose of their imprisonment. Looms clattered inside cells as inmates were made to weave cloth; alarm bells rang from the central tower, discouraging escape; and perhaps most importantly, the gate clanged shut, symbolizing the permanence of the inmates' separation from the outside world. My paper reveals that in addition to the manipulation of the inmate's external soundworld, the prison also attempted to control the sounds inside the inmates' minds, through encouraging inmates to read the Bible to themselves in their cells. Listening to the Eastern State Penitentiary brings into perspective previously overlooked aspects of the prisoners' experience at the institution and clarifies how the sonic design of the prison contributed to its goal of reforming the inmates into moral citizens.


PURPOSE: A pressure measuring device using an acoustic impedance variation is provided to increase the ultrasonic wave output and receiving efficiency. CONSTITUTION: A pressure measuring device using an acoustic impedance variation comprises an ultrasonic wave excitation part(20), a first acoustic impedance conformal layer(50a), an ultrasonic receiver(30), a second acoustic impedance conformal layer(50b), a controller(22) and a pressure measurement part(60). The first acoustic impedance conformal layer increases the transfer efficiency of the ultrasonic wave outputted from the ultrasonic wave excitation part. The second acoustic impedance conformal layer increases the receiving efficiency of the ultrasonic wave received by the ultrasonic receiver. The pressure measurement part measures the inner pressure of a trough based on the ultrasonic signal received in the ultrasonic receiver.


Corresponding Author:*Dr. Seena Solomon __________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Introduction: Perioperative use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in major spine surgeries is known to reduce blood loss and thereby decrease the need for blood transfusion. However the optimal dosing of TXA remains highly controversial. This study was designed to compare the outcome in terms of blood loss and amount of blood transfusion needed in two groups of patients undergoing multilevel lumbar spine fixation surgeries receiving two different doses of TXA. Methodology:A total of sixty patients undergoing multilevel spine fixation surgery were divided equally into two groups and randomized to receive either a low dose of TXA: Group A (15mg/kg loading dose followed by 1mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion) or a high dose of TXA: Group B (30 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion). Outcome measures will be perioperative blood loss, postoperative haemoglobin and haematocrit levels and amount of blood transfused. Results:The mean perioperative blood loss was significantly higher in group A when compared to the Group B. Also, the postoperative haemoglobin level was higher in group B. However, TXA did not significantly reduce transfusion requirements. Conclusion:Higher dose TXA can significantly reduce the perioperative blood loss when compared to low dose TXA.


Abstract This paper presents a thermomechanical–microstructural formulation for the analysis of the solidification process of nodular cast irons of eutectic composition. This formulation is defined in a finite strain thermoplasticity framework considering multinodular microstructure based liquid–solid phase change effects. The performance of this model is evaluated in the analysis of a solidification test for which some laboratory measurements are available. Computed temperature and displacement evolutions together with final values of austenite and graphite volumetric fractions and density of graphite nodules are all found to reasonably agree with the corresponding experimental measurements. This analysis illustrates the possibility of tackling different coupled and complex phenomena occurring in casting problems.


James Allison Glover served in the Boer War and World War I. In 1917 he was appointed to the Cerebro-spinal Laboratory in London. There, his work on cerebrospinal fever resulted in the "spacing out" of beds in huts and earned him the name of "good friend of the private soldier". In 1919 he proceeded OBE for his work during the war. In 1920 he was appointed medical officer to the new Ministry of Health. He made significant contributions to rheumatology and the understanding and treatment of tonsillitis, and to public health more widely.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of color M-mode Doppler echocardiography (CMM) in assessing left ventricular(LV) diastolic function after mitral valve replacement(MVR). Methods Fifty-two patients who had received the implantation for more than three months were examined by echoeardiography (MVR group). Thirty age and sex-adjusted normal volunteers served as control group. Dimensions of left atrium and ventricle,ejection fraction(EF) and mitral inflow velocity(E) were measured by two-dimensional and Doppler eehocardiography. Color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity(Vp) and TDl-derived diastolic mitral annular velocity(Em) were measured from the apical four-chamber and two-chamber views. Then two new indexes based on the ratio of E to Vp(E/Vp) and E to Era' (E/Em') were while E/Vp and E/Era' increased, there were significant differences(P 0.05). dysfunction were 2.00. Conclusions CMM is an effective technique to assess LV diastolic function after MVR. E/Vp has good consistency with E/Era and may be a potential useful parameter for assessing LV diastolic function.

Key words:
Echocardiography; Heart valve prosthesis implantation; Ventricular function,left


Identity is the need of life and satisfaction. Without knowing ourselves, one cannot lead in life. In the novel, the protagonist,Rose can be observed as a person who does not satisfied in her life because she does not know what is right for her. That is why; she is running behind many thingsaimlessly. This reveals that she always is in search of her identity which is not certain to her.


The maximum detectable deformation gradients (MDDG) for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology is important for the selection of SAR images and processing algorithms to perform accurate slope displacement monitoring, which is strongly influenced by terrain factors in mountainous areas. In this article, a functional model is proposed to determine the MDDG of InSAR with respect to arbitrary slope gradients/aspects and wavelengths. Based on this model, regional MDDG characteristics are explored and compared in Mao County, Sichuan Province, China. The MDDG distribution regarding Sentinel-1, ALOS-2/PALSAR-2, and TerraSAR-X SAR satellite data using arbitrary slope gradient/aspect are derived. Furthermore, the MDDG from variable satellites for three different bands (X/C/L-band) are compared and the influence factors with respect to the wavelength and resolution on MDDG are discussed. The proposed model is helpful in selecting SAR data or processing algorithms based on calculated MDDG, in the meanwhile, it has significant implications for understanding and analyzing real slope displacement monitored by InSAR regarding different SAR images in mountainous areas.


The ISIS Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory produces intense neutron and muon beams for condensed matter research. The facility's 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron accelerates protons from 70 to 800 MeV to deliver a mean beam power of 0.2 MW to two target stations. Since 2016, ISIS has routinely used commercially produced carbon based foils for beam stripping during charge-exchange injection. Recent experience and developments to increase useful foil lifetime are presented including in-house high-temperature annealing of foils prior to use. The installation and performance of a new foil imaging system are described and, finally, the procedure to change the stripping foil is described. Issues with the current arrangements and options for redesign are discussed.


Appendix B Pronunciation Questions to consider before reading this appendix: 1. In your opinion, how important is pronunciation in speaking ability? 2. Have you ever taught a course in pronunciation? (If you have not taught a course, have you taught a lesson on pronunciation?) Briefly describe the course or lesson. Who were the students? What were the course goals? 3. What are some pronunciation problems that are specific to one group of students (e.g., Japanese learners)? 4. What are some pronunciation problems that are made by many different first language groups? 5. Have you ever had a student who asked you for help with pronunciation? How did you respond? 6. Have you ever noticed that the -s at the end of a noun is not always pronounced as /s/? For example, cats ends with /s/, dogs ends with /z/, and horses ends with /Iz/. Why? What's going on here? 7. Have you ever noticed that the s at the end of a verb is not always pronounced as /s/. For example, likes ends with /s/, but needs ends with /z/ and washes ends with /Iz/. Why? 8. Have you ever noticed that the -ed at the end of a verb is not always pronounced as /d/? For example, robbed ends with /d/, wrapped ends with /t/, and needed ends with /Id/. Why?


The environment of base metal transport in Mississippi Valley-type ore solutions has been evaluated thermodynamically. The average ore solution has at 100 degrees C: Sigma m S = 10 (super -) to 10 (super -3) , Sigma m C = 10 (super -2) to 10 (super -4) , log a (sub O 2 ) = -54 to -58 and pH = 6.8 to 7.8; and at 200 degrees C: Sigma m S = 10 (super -1) to 10 (super -3) , Sigma m C = 10 (super -2) to 10 (super -4) , log a (sub O 2 ) = -41 to -46 and pH = 6.2 to 7.2. Under these conditions, chloride and bisulfide complexing together provide maximum galena solubilities of only 10 (super -3) and 10 (super -2) ppm lead at 100 degrees and 200 degrees C, respectively. Bisulfide complexes are predominant over chloride complexes. However, these concentrations are three to four orders of magnitude too low to form an ore deposit. Additional complexes involving the ligands SO (super -2) 4 , CO (super -2) 3 , HCO (super -) 3 , NH 3 , Br (super -) , and S 2 O (super -2) 3 , and the ion pairs NaPbCl 3 and NaPbCl (super -) 4 are also insufficiently stable to account for minimum concentrations of 10 ppm lead in the average ore solution. Thus, inorganic complexes are apparently inadequate mechanisms of leadtransport in Mississippi Valley-type ore solutions.As an alternative to inorganic complexing, the intimate association of organic material with Mississippi Valley-type mineralization suggests that organometallic complexes of lead were important in Mississippi Valley-type ore solutions. In the averge ore solution at maximum feasible ligand concentrations, complexes with acetate, citrate, and oxalate cannot account for significant lead transport. However, lead in salicylate complexes could reach concentrations of roughly 3 to 30,000 ppm at 100 degrees and at 200 degrees C, respectively. Concentrations of salicylate as small as 10 (super -4) to 10 (super -5) m may result in sufficient lead transport to form a Mississippi Valley-type ore deposit.


This paper presented a review for the reconstruction research of the Antikythera mechanism, the mechanical calculator was made around the end of second century BC in ancient Greece. Under the concluded design specifications and constraints, all possible conceptual designs of the lost mechanical structures subject to the standard of technology and science at that time were synthesized based on a systematic design procedure. This oldest astronomical calculator excavated in 1900-1901 can display the solar, lunar and planetary motions, indicate the date of Egyptian calendar, calculate the luni-solar calendars and periods, and predict the eclipses by its interior gear trains. The structures for the solar and the planetary motions are completely lost in the excavation. Without surviving evidence, restoring the lost structures by computer tomography or X-ray detection is unfeasible. Here, the author applied a design procedure with four steps, which is based on the reconstruction design methodology of lost ancient machinery. Historical archives for reconstructing Antikythera mechanism are built based on historical records, ancient astronomy, ancient astronomical instruments, as well as the kinematic and mechanism analyses of gear trains. After identifying input conditions, three and two design specifications respectively for the solar and the planetary motions are concluded and their feasible designs are synthesized by the design procedure. For each design, the equations of teeth counting are derived based on the analysis of gear ratios. Finally, the possible teeth of gears are generated and then a new reconstruction design of Antikythera mechanism with complete interior structure is built through the constraints of space and assembly. These synthesized designs form a database of reconstruction work, and one of them can be the original structure. Once new evidence is discovered, these reconstruction designs can help archaeologists decode this mechanism further.


We study the relation between ad networks, consumer privacy and the online advertising market. We consider two publishers that can outsource their ad inventories to an ad network, in a market where consumers and advertisers endogenously multi-home. Differently from publishers, the ad network tracks consumers across websites, limiting wasteful repetition of ads. However, its tracking capability depends on consumer privacy-related choices (e.g., accepting third-party cookies). We show that tracking may increase or decrease the provision of ads, depending on its effect on expected advertising returns and on how audience sizes respond to ad quantities. When they decide whether to allow tracking, consumers exert a positive externality on advertisers. If tracking reduces the provision of ads, there is also a positive indirect externality on consumers. Hence, there may be too little tracking in equilibrium, even from consumers' perspective. We evaluate several privacy policies, including direct regulatory interventions and the creation of markets for the right to track consumers. Finally, we characterize the conditions such that outsourcing to the ad network expands the provision of ads compared to the case where publishers compete directly for advertisers.


The authors use Nanmei autonomous Minority Town as a subject for survey, tracing back to the history of the Lahu People, to study the present development of its social economic development. The authors find out the reasons of the backward development and search for some practical approaches to foster the economic development of these minority areas so as to facilitate the poverty relieving in these mountainous poor frontier areas.


Let $UVB_n$ and $UVP_n$ be the unrestricted virtual braid group and the unrestricted virtual pure braid group on n strands respectively. We study the groups $UVB_n$ and $UVP_n$, and our main results are as follows: for $n\geq 5$, we give a complete description, up to conjugation, to all possible homomorphisms from $UVB_n$ to the symmetric group $S_n$. For $n\geq 3$, we characterise all possible images of $UVB_n$, under a group homomorphism, to any finite group $G$. For $n\geq 5$, we prove that $UVP_n$ is a characteristic subgroup of $UVB_n$. In addition, we determine the automorphism group of $UVP_n$ and we prove that $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ is a subgroup of the outer automorphism group of $UVB_n$. Lastly, we show that $UVB_n$ and $UVP_n$ are residually finite and Hopfian but not co-Hopfian. We also remark that some of these results hold accordingly for the welded braid group $WB_n$ and we discuss about its automorphism group.


In this article, three broad areas of robustness in the multivariate case are considered: inference, ordination and classification, and latent variable models. Also, the authors give an overview of the robustness of the main techniques encountered under each of them. In summary, across all the different areas the broad concerns are the effects that are departures from normality and/or equal dispersion matrices. Departures from normality are relatively unimportant, but lack of equality of dispersion matrices can have much more serious consequences.

Keywords:

robustness;
multivariate analysis;
inference;
non-normality;
skewness;
kurtosis;
dispersion;
Hotelling's T2;
likelihood ratio test;
MANOVA;
principal components analysis;
discrimination;
latent variable models;
structural equation models;
LISEREL;
maximum likelihood;
bias;
consistency;
efficiency;
goodness of fit;
level of a test;
power


Based on the questionnaire data for enterprise employees,this research looked into the relationship between leader-member exchange and stewardship. It built a mechanism model of "leader-member exchange-psychological ownership-stewardship",and tested the model. The results show that leader-member exchange is positively related to employees' stewardship,and that psychological ownership partially mediates leader-member exchange's influence on employees' stewardship.


Hospital of Saint Raphael, New Haven, Conn., used conventional media in an unconventional way in a campaign to recruit much-needed nurses. Their reality-based campaign succeeded in adding more than 180 new nurses to the hospital staff.


OBJECTIVE
Gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is one of the most common malignancies. Endogenous ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29) has been previously proven to be up-regulated in cancer tissues. However, RPL29 expression in GSCC has not been described.

METHODS
The knockdown of RPL29 gene in GSCC cells was carried out to study the influence of RPL29 silencing on GSCC cells.

RESULTS
We investigated the influence on cell proliferation, invasion, and related biomarkers, which led us to confirm that all were repressed by the knockdown of RPL29.

CONCLUSION
The role of RPL29 should lead to a better understanding of the development and progression of human GSCC.


Weijing Li Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China UTS-AMSS Joint Research Laboratory for Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Processing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China (Dated: December 17, 2018)


Advances in the spread of the Information Society in Spain and the European Union as a whole has been remarkable, especially in regard to equipment and connectivity. Three out of four European Union households are currently connected to the network and this fact could lead us to consider that the traditional digital divide has been overcome, as had so far been believed. Nevertheless, this does not imply that the Information Society is fully disseminated. The fact is that a real new technologies revolution cannot take place in a social mass that is only using basic services but in one that is producing innovation and knowledge, however, this mass, at the moment, is still very low. This article discusses how new technologies can contribute to the process of establishing Smart Cities and looks at the use of advanced services by both citizens and the business sectors in the regions of Madrid and Galicia.


Taking some tunnel construction as an example,the paper illustrates the excavation speed in TBM construction,explores the estimation of the advance in construction month after being checked,and points out some measures according to some TBM construction experience,so as to ensure the smooth operation for the construction.


Effects on physical and mental well-being. Conversations with older Muslims suggest that they glean many health benefits from the practice of Islam. Among the religious beliefs that guide behaviors and result in these health benefits are the dietary restrictions associated with a prohibition of pork and alcohol, rituals that demand discipline, like the fast from dawn until sunset during the month of Ramadan, and physical activity including bowing and prostration involved in the five daily prayers. These and similar activities are often listed as contributing to both die mental and physical well-being of Muslims as they enter their later years. While adherence to such religious directives may be both lifelong and constant, the possibility of ill health and the consequent need for help and support in later life often provokes uncertainty and apprehension among many older Muslims, as it does among older people in general. Historically, Muslim faith communities in the United States have directed outreach and program activities toward youth, with the main objective of providing resources that facilitate the learning and practice of Islam within a predominantly Christian environment. Older adults possess a uniquely important position in these activities, serving as a critical conduit between the past and the future. Elders bring meaning to the lives of younger members by conveying life lessons through storytelling about their past experiences. Such intergenerational relations help shape future generations within a family and community setting. It should be noted that there is great ethnic diversity among Muslims in America. Approximately two-thirds of Muslims are foreign born. The three major ethnic groups include South Asians (32 percent); those with Arab/Middle Eastern/West Asian ancestry (26 percent); and African Americans (20 percent) (Bukhari, 2003). This article will primarily address the role of immigrant Muslim faith communities in serving the needs of elders through attention to the development and role of mosques and the tension between cultural ideals and pragmatic realities within Islam, and concludes with a focus on an immigrant faith community addressing the needs of older members. DEVELOPMENT AND ROLE OF MOSQUES Mosques are generally ethnically homogeneous and have been constructed in the United States through the initiation and dedication of organized lay groups intent on building a religious center to teach future generations about Islam. The number of mosques in the United States has grown since the 1970$. As of the year 2000, some 1,209 mosques have been identified in the United States (Bagby, 2003). Membership is voluntary, as mosques are considered open to anyone who wishes to enter. Mosques traditionally served as a gathering place for worship and prayer. However, in the United States, they assume a new, additional role, often functioning as a congregation. Mosques not only constitute a place for prayer, but provide a multitude of social and cultural services including religious instruction for youth, holiday celebrations, funeral rituals, and other community services. A recent comprehensive survey of mosques in America suggests that, overwhelmingly, Muslim leaders believe that their institution should be fully integrated with American society to provide community service and outreach, with such activities paralleling those of other religious congregations in the U.S. (Bagby, 2004). Yet, mosques in America have developed limited programming in social services, with a narrow scope of activities, and little institutional infrastructure. Older adults do tend to hold positions of authority in the mosque, providing guidance as board members, youth activity coordinators, or social event organizers, but formal programs and services meant to aid older adults in times of need are greatly lacking. Instead, informal social relations, particularly within family settings, provide most support that older Muslims receive. …


ABSTRACT Heat transfer coefficients were measured downstream of a row of shaped film cooling holes as well as elliptical, diffuser, and teardrop shaped dimples simulating depressions due to film coolant holes of different shapes. These features were placed on the suction side of a simulated gas turbine vane. The dimples were used as approximations to film cooling holes after the heat transfer levels downstream of active fan shaped film cooling holes was found to be independent of film cooling. The effects of the dimples were tested with varying approach boundary layers, freestream turbulence intensity, and Reynolds numbers. For the case of an untripped (transitional) approach boundary layer, all dimple shapes caused approximately a factor of two increase in heat transfer coefficient relative to the smooth baseline condition due to the dimples effectively causing boundary layer transition downstream. The exact augmentation varied depending on the dimple geometry: diffuser shapes causing the largest augmentation and teardrop shapes causing the lowest augmentation. For tripped (turbulent boundary layer) approach conditions, the dimple shapes all caused the same 20% augmentation relative to the smooth tripped baseline. The already turbulent nature of the tripped approach flow reduces the effect that the dimples have on the downstream heat transfer coefficient.


The decision to remain in the workforce or fully retire is typically made between the ages of 55 and 64 and is predicated on many factors, including the availability of suitable jobs. The authors explored the extent to which members of this age group are being hired by different industries and developed a model isolating what types of factors best determine relative hiring rates: those specific to an industry, a labor market, the older worker age group, or some combination thereof. The authors estimate a low rate of new hiring for older workers aged 55 to 64 years, with low turnover and net outflows but substantial variability among industries. The findings additionally suggest that current national industry job growth and pay differentials among older new hires, existing older workers, and other new hires have the greatest bearing on how much these net flows vary by industry within states. Implications for older workers, their prospective employers, and policy makers are discussed.


The method consists of procedures of solid phase synthesis and burning in high temperature including following steps. (1) According to lithium: cobalt, manganese, nickel=1-1.1 : 1 (atomic ratio), and cobalt : manganese : nickel=1:1:1, polyacrylamide and neodymia are added into even mixed sources of cobalt, manganese, nickel. The above admixture is mixed round evenly till it becoming colloid. (2) Baking drys the said colloid for 30 hr. under 150 deg.C, and ball milling is carried out till powder is passed through sieve. (3) With being preburned for 10 hr. at 300-450 deg.C, the said powder is cooled to room temperature. (4) Product is obtained after fine ball milling the preburned powder, passing through sieve, burning and sifting the powder by 300 screen mesh again. Comparing with prior art, the invented method adds polyacrylamide and neodymia as well as preburning step so as to possess features of high specific capacity, good cycle performance and pollution-free.


The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of facility, service quality, and place to the passenger satisfaction on PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry Surabaya branch. Qualitative method has been applied in this research.The population is all passengers of PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry Surabaya branch and the numbers of the passengers are unknown. The sampling technique has been carried out by using probability sampling technique and the numbers of samples are 100 respondents who have ever used the service of PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry Surabaya branch. The regression equation in this research is multiple linear regressions which have been applied in order to test the influence of independent variables to the dependent variable.The result of goodness of fit test shows that facility, service quality, and place are the explanatory variable of passenger satisfaction. The result of hypothesis test shows that facility has significant influence to the passenger satisfaction; service quality has insignificant influence to the passenger satisfaction; place has significant influence to the passenger satisfaction. The variable which has dominant influence to the passenger satisfaction is place. Keywords: facility, service quality, place, and passenger satisfaction


The present invention provides a pump, the intake and exhaust living body pressing apparatus and an electronic sphygmomanometer, the air pump comprising: an actuator, the actuator having a voltage is applied, can be realized stretchable elastomeric or polymeric, and for the above-described elastomeric or polymeric electrode of applied voltage is provided; a septum according to the reciprocating motion of the actuator is deformed to deform the diaphragm, and the like without a motor or a clutch member, the pump can be achieved with a simple structure.


The analysis of the radome scattered field is based on the panel transmissivity and the complex induced field ratio (IFR) of the inter-panel joints; the latter being a measure of the forward scattering by the joint. Superposition of the radome scattered field on the antenna pattern provides predictions of transmission loss, boresight error, sidelobe perturbation, noise temperature, and other radome performance parameters. Generally worst case radome performance predictions are required and these are based on the magnitude of the radome scattered field. The consistency of these predictions with measured pattern perturbations implicitly validates the analysis of the radome scattered field. The advent of radome joints tuned to minimize inband scattering has led to the use of radomes with increasingly high performance radars. This places a premium on precise prediction of radome performance. This in turn demands explicit validation of the complex radome scattered field. A technique for direct measurement of the complex field scattered by the radome is demonstrated. This provides direct validation of the IFR based analysis of radome scattering.


The band structure of graphene (a single layer of car- bon atoms), by dint of its honeycomb lattice, has linear dispersions near the K and Kpoints ("Dirac points") of the Brillouin zone. Recent developments in techniques for fabricating conducting graphene layers have thus pro- vided the physics community with a unique opportunity to study an interacting two-dimensional (2D) massless Dirac fermion system using table-top experimental equip- ment. This has led to a veritable explosion of both ex- perimental and theoretical activity in this field(1). Around the Dirac points (which we take to be the zero of energy), the kinetic energy for a "bare" electron (see below) is ǫ (0),s = sv0|k|, where k is the wavevector with respect to the Dirac point, and s = +1 and −1 for the conduction and valence bands, respectively. The elec- tron chemical potential � , which in intrinsic graphene is at zero, can be shifted up or down by doping and/or application of external gate voltages, with a concommi- tant change in the electron density. This paper reports the calculation of ∂�/∂n , which is related to the elec- tronic compressibility, in extrinsic graphene at tempera- ture T = 0 as a function of the density n. (In this pa- per, unless otherwise indicated, partial derivatives are at constant area and T = 0, and n refers exclusively to the free carrier density (i.e., the difference in electron density from that of intrinsic graphene) in the gated graphene, which we take to be substantially less (|n| ∼ 10 12 cm −2 ) than the intrinsic electron density nv (> 10 15 cm −2 ) fill- ing up the valence band.) We obtain � (n) by evaluating the electron self-energy within the Hartree-Fock approx- imation (HFA). The HFA is a good approximation up to reasonably high values of rs (∼ the ratio of the aver- age carrier potential to kinetic energy) in parabolic-band semiconductors, and we expect it to also give reliable re- sults in graphene, where rs < 1. It is useful (and conceptually meaningful) to divide 2D graphene into three different systems depending on the band filling: bare or empty, a theoretical abstraction of just one electron in the graphene honeycomb lattice as appropriate for the single-particle band-structure cal- culation with both valence and conduction bands com- pletely (and unphysically) empty, or equivalently, the un- physical situation where the interaction between the elec- trons is turned off; intrinsic, i.e., the undoped and un- gated situation, which is a zero-gap semiconductor with a completely full (empty) valence (conduction) band and chemical potential � (= EF, since we are at T = 0) precisely at the Dirac point; extrinsic, i.e., gated/doped graphene with a tunable 2D free carrier density n of elec- trons (holes) in the conduction (valence) band, withbe- ing above (below) zero, i.e. in the conduction (valence) band. Note that only the empty system can be char- acterized by the bare, noninteracting parameters (e.g., velocity v0, density of states D0) with both intrinsic and extrinsic graphene being characterized by renormalized parameters. We emphasize that the bare graphene pa- rameters, being unphysical abstractions, cannot be ex- perimentally determined.


A 37-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of tender, diffuse, slightly elevated erythematous papules and patches on and around both eyebrows. The patient underwent a semi-permanent cosmetic tattoo procedure on both eyebrows with black dye 3 years ago, and after 2 months had a laser tattoo removal. Laboratory analyses including ACE and calcium revealed no specific abnormalities and chest x-ray was normal. Histopathologic findings from the lesion showed multiple granulomas on the dermis, and diffuse ink particles on the upper dermis. Based on the clinicopathologic features, a diagnosis of foreign body granuloma was made. Laser therapy and intralesional corticosteroids injection were performed with some improvement of the lesions. Cosmetic facial tattoos as permanent make-up for eyebrows is popular, but has also led to a rise in systemic and local cutaneous pathologies. A foreign body granuloma is a delayed complication of an intracutaneous foreign material such as a tattoo ink. It is recommended that full history taking, physical examination, ophthalmologic assessment, serum analyses are conducted to exclude systemic sarcoidosis. Treatment of a granulomatous reaction to tattoo pigmentation is challenging. Intralesional corticosteroids are most often tried, and alternatives are surgical excision and laser therapy. In our case, laser therapy with intralesional corticosteroids showed effective outcome.


Hydrophilic and stimuli responsive nanoporous poly(dicyclopentadiene) membranes are prepared using reactive ABC triblock polymers consisting of a chemically etchable 'A' block, poly(lactide), various functionalized 'B' blocks, and a metathesis-reactive 'C' block, poly(styrene-stat-norbornenylethylstyrene).A membrane with a bicontinuous structure is formed by reaction-induced phase separation during the metathesis crosslinking of dicyclopentadiene in the presence of the ABC triblock polymers. Selective etching of the poly(lactide) block exposed the functionality contained in the B block. Hydrophilic membranes are prepared from a triblock polymer with a poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) B midblock as evidenced by static contact angle measurements in comparison to AC diblock templated membranes. Temperature responsive membranes are prepared from a triblock polymer with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) B block.


We present a rigorous solution of problems of tunneling with dissipation and decoherence for a spin of an atom or a molecule in an isotropic solid matrix. Our approach is based upon switching to a rotating coordinate system coupled to the local crystal field. We show that the spin of a molecule can be used in a qubit only if the molecule is strongly coupled with its atomic environment. This condition is a consequence of the conservation of the total angular momentum (spin + matrix), that has been largely ignored in previous studies of spin tunneling.


4617 Background: Binding of IGF-1 or IGF-2 to the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) activates intracellular signals important in the growth and survival of pancreatic tumors. AMG ...


The impacts of various (reduced) levels of Frasch sulfur production on the States of Texas and Louisiana are analyzed. The analytic time basis is 1979. Industry labor and output characteristics are developed on a company and mine basis. State and local impacts (to the level of independent school districts) are developed on a scenario basis. The measures include income, unemployment, and taxes. Some data are presented on energy and water use.


It has been the consistent pattern in the development of any new imaging system that permanence is not one of the initial properties to be considered by the manufacturer. This is very understandable behavior. Prime consideration during product development must be directed towards the successful operation of the new system. Ironing out flaws, improving reliability, determining means of production and obtaining sources of raw materials are all additional concerns that must be addressed. Another consideration is the reluctance of evaluation laboratories to be involved in long-time incubation testing on materials which are still undergoing change. The consequence, however, is that the ultimate life of the system is frequently not known even after it is on the market. This is reflected in the current status of standards and specifications on the preservation of magnetic media and optical disks.


Abstract In this paper, we consider properties of coefficients of a composition of ordinary generating functions. Using the notion of a composita, we get some new properties for this composition. The obtained properties can be used for distinguishing prime numbers from composite numbers. As an application, the obtained results can be used for getting new primality criteria. For example, we show how to get primality criteria for the Mersenne numbers, the Lucas numbers, the Pell-Lucas numbers, the Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers, and other.


The colliery security system is composed of a monitoring computer,onsite control stations,analogue input points of measurement,digital input/output points of measurement.The monitoring computer works in an enquiry-in-turn way when monitoring on-site control stations.The monitoring computer provides all parameters of controlling algorithm and measurement points in the on-site control stations.According to the practical situation,the monitoring computer can control the points of measurement directly or indirectly.Two control units(AI-DO control unit and DI-DO control unit) were adopted.Through logic operation's combination of control units in a specific priority order,a control algorithm of monitoring computer was implemented.Classes such as on-site control stations,AI points of measurement,DI points of measurement,DO points of measurement,AI-DO control unit and DI-DO control unit were designed by OOP method and VB.Finally,monitoring programming design of monitoring computer was realized.It turns out that the system can satisfy design requirements.


A Cryogenic-camera spectrogram of a 20th mag galaxy only 13arcsec in projection from the well-studied quasar PKS 0405-123 (z = 0.57) shows an unusually strong [O II] emission and the usual λ04000 discontinuity. The inferred redshift is consistent with membership in the quasar cluster/group. A brief semiquantitative analysis indicates that the excess [O II] emission results from the ionization of the interstellar medium in this neighbor galaxy by the UV-radiation from the quasar (some 90 h-1kpc from the galaxy). The emission-line strength of this galaxy represents a rare counter-example to quasar-companion galaxies showing rather weak emission lines.


The present invention relates to a novel compound, 2-mercapto-5-methyl-4-heptanone, relates to a method for increasing, enhancing or imparting a taste of the method, wherein said material is selected from food, chewing gums, pharmaceuticals and toothpaste, the said method comprising the step of binding an olfactory acceptable amount of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-4-heptanone, and to a 2-mercapto group by addition of an olfactory acceptable amount of methyl-4-heptanone to improved method for enhancing or modifying a fragrance formulation.


Abstract This paper proposes a novel calibration method for the satellite attitude determination system composed of gyroscopes and star sensors. The main objective is to calibrate the low frequency error (LFE) of the star sensor and improve the attitude determination accuracy. In the proposed method, the frequencies of the LFE are extracted according to the frequency spectrum of the estimate of the gyroscope drift obtained from a Kalman filter (KF); then the amplitudes of the LFE signals with the specific frequencies are identified by using the modified multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) algorithm. With the identified frequencies and the corresponding amplitudes, a reference model is obtained to compensate for the effects of the LFE. Simulation result shows that the attitude determination accuracy is improved after the calibration.


The present invention relates to a composition for treating vaginosis, containing Steroidobacter denitrificans YH1 (KCTC18345P) and Lactobacillus crispatus YH2 (KCTC18346P) strains. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide compositions for treating vaginosis, containing lactobacillus showing excellent therapeutic effects on bacterial vaginosis in female.


Abstract Phenotypic diversity provides ecological and evolutionary functions, stabilizing populations in variable environments. Although benefits of larger body size in juvenile fishes are well documented, size variation may have value as well. We explored the distribution of length and length variation in age-0 westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi at three spatial scales: area (102 km2), stream (101 km2), and site (100 km2). In addition, we examined relationships between length variables (mean length and interquartile range of length) and instream (temperature and conductivity) and landscape (aspect, elevation, headwater distance, and valley width) variables that were expected to be associated with fish size. Conductivity was included as a surrogate for productivity. Most variation in mean length and interquartile range of fish length was found among areas (62.2% and 62.6%, respectively). Mean length also varied among streams and sites (21.9% and 15.8%, respectively). Similarly, interqua...


esides working as spinal surgeons in a teaching Therefore, we interpreted the Editorial by Sponseller B hospital, we have been editors and doctors of the Orthopedic Channel of DXY (Simplified Chinese pinyin as DingXiangYuan, www.dxy.cn), the biggest professional network in China. When preparing materials for a solicited popular science article on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), we revisited the article by Weinstein et al and the Editorial by Sponseller published in JAMA a dozen of years ago. Notwithstanding the viewpoints have been published for such a long time, there have been no communications of the valid information not only by orthopedic or spinal textbooks, but by senior spinal surgeons. The conclusions drawn from these convincing articles are really surprising and unexpected, which might alter greatly the lives of millions of patients with AIS in China and the treatment concepts of domestic young spinal surgeons. Accordingly, we interpreted and distilled the main essence into Chinese and made a post through the network of DXY (http://orthop.dxy.cn/article/105521) on April 22, 2015. Unexpectedly, the post attracted wide attention among domestic spinal surgeons because of the development of WeChat in each person's cellphone. There have been over 4000 persons reading the post within 2 days. Moreover, the post triggers an ongoing warm debate in China. The scenarios reflect two facts. For one, spinal surgeons and the public are interested in the issue. For the other, domestic spinal surgeons did not know the information of the cornerstone articles. The mainstay of spinal surgeons is opposed to the opinion that most patients with AIS do not need corrective surgery.


We examined the H2O and CO2 contents of glasses from lavas and xenoliths from the Mariana arc system, an intraoceanic convergent margin in the western Pacific, which contains an active volcanic arc, an actively spreading back arc basin, and active behind‐the‐arc cross‐chain volcanoes. Samples include (1) glass rims from Mariana arc, Mariana trough, and cross‐chain submarine lavas; (2) glass inclusions in arc and trough phenocrysts; and (3) glass inclusions from a gabbro + anorthosite xenolith from Agrigan (Mariana arc). Glass rims of submarine arc lavas contain 0.3–1.9 wt % H2O, and CO2 is below detection limits. Where they could be compared, glass inclusions in arc phenocrysts contain more H2O than their host glasses; most arc glasses and phenocryst inclusions contain no detectable CO2, with the exception of those from a North Hiyoshi shoshonite, which contains 400–600 ppm. The glass inclusions from the Agrigan xenolith contain 4–6% H2O, and CO2 is below the detection limit. Glasses from the cross‐chain lavas are similar to those from the arc: H2O contents are 1.4–1.7 wt %, and CO2 is below detection limits. Volatile contents in Mariana trough lava glass rims are variable: 0.2–2.8 wt % H2O and 0–300 ppm CO2. Glass inclusions from trough phenocrysts have water contents similar to the host glass, but they can contain up to 875 ppm CO2. Volatile contents of melt inclusions from trough and arc lavas and from the xenolith imply minimum depths of crystallization of ∼1–8 km. H2O and CO2 contents of Mariana trough glasses are negatively correlated, indicating saturation of the erupting magma with a CO2‐H2O vapor at the pressure of eruption (∼400 bars for these samples), with the vapor ranging from nearly pure CO2 at the CO2‐rich end of the glass array to nearly pure H2O at the H2O‐rich end. Degassing of these magmas on ascent and eruption leads to significant loss of CO2 (thereby masking preeruptive CO2 contents) but minimal disturbance of preeruptive H2O contents. For submarine Mariana arc magmas, depths were low enough that degassing on ascent and eruption led to loss of both H2O and CO2; as a result, H2O contents are positively correlated with water depth for these samples. The H2O contents of primitive Mariana trough magmas richest in the slab‐derived component (i.e., the most "arc‐like" magmas) are ∼2 wt %. Although evolved glasses with up to 4–6 wt % H2O are present among Mariana arc samples, we interpret the glass inclusion data as indicating that primitive Mariana arc liquids contain 1–3 wt % H2O. The preeruptive H2O contents of primitive cross‐chain seamount liquids are >1–2 wt %.


This paper reports a novel paradox of intuitive probabilistic reasoning detected in naïve reasoners' responses in two separate experiments where we manipulated the number of sets (or possibilities) of the problem keeping constant the probability of the critical set. Experiment 1 showed that the incidence of the Gambler's Fallacy (GF) was reduced when the number of sets was increased. In Experiment 2, a reduction of the GF also occurred but, more importantly, the percentage of correct responses of the participants increased when three sets of possibilities instead of two were used. Therefore, both Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that an increase in the extensional complexity of a problem can, under certain circumstances, lead to facilitation. These results support the importance of the extensional features in solving chance problems and are consistent with the model theory of reasoning.


Wavelength (nm) R ef le ct iv ity (% ) No exposure 1 month 2 months 4 months 7 months 11 months The RICH, or Ring Imaging Cherenkov, detectors play a crucial role in the LHCb's ability to distinguish between different particles. A charged particle travelling through a given medium, or radiator, faster than the speed of light in that medium emits Cherenkov radiation. The angle at which it is emitted depends on the particle's velocity, information which, combined with a knowledge of the particle's momentum, allows


My subject is the genetic disorder Huntington's chorea (HC), which epitomises many of the problems that we face in medical genetics and illustrates the common ground that exists between genetics and epidemiology. Both


Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a promising hardware security primitive with broad application prospect. However, the strong PUF with numerous Challenge and Response Pairs (CRPs), e.g. the arbiter PUF, is vulnerable to modeling attacks. There are two major kinds of countermeasures. One is restricting CRP access interface, such as controlled PUF and XOR arbiter PUF, which unfortunately has been broken with the help of side-channels. The other is using non-linear electronic characteristics to produce CRPs, such as the current mirror PUF and the voltage transfer PUF. They are only proved to be resistant to SVM based attack, while no more analysis is further explored so far. In this paper, we propose an attack method based on compound heuristic algorithms of evolution strategy, simulated annealing, and ant colony to efficiently attack these two non-linear PUFs. This paper reveals that current mirror and voltage transfer are still not able to help strong PUF resist attacks. Our experimental results show that the average CRP prediction accuracy is as high as 99%.


Study design: A total of 128 patients (97 men, 31 women; mean age 61±5 years; range 41 to 78 years) underwent coronary bypass grafting within the first six hours of AMI. Indications for surgery were detection of critical multivessel disease on coronary angiography in 88 patients (68.8%), unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 20 patients (15.6%), and development of complications following elective primary PTCA in 20 patients. Six patients (4.7%) required cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to cardiac arrest at angiography. Surgery was undertaken by cardiopulmonary bypass in 104 patients (81.3%), and on the beating heart in 24 patients (18.8%). Intra-aortic balloon pump was applied to eight patients preoperatively, and to six patients postoperatively.


Phase 1 mapping has been used widely in the UK as a method of resource inventory, and as an aid to conservation management and planning. Phase 1 maps may also provide baseline information for studies of land use change by future generations of landscape ecologists and historians. Contemporary assessments of their accuracy are essential to allow their value to be judged both now and decades hence. The accuracy of Phase 1 mapping of man-made linear boundary features was quantified by comparing maps drawn by six experienced field surveyors with a ground-truth version correctly showing all features. Overall errors within maps varied from 11.2% to 96.9% between surveys. Most of the error was caused by the omission of boundaries, rather than the misclassification of boundaries whose presence was recorded (i.e. errors of commission). The likelihood of a boundary being mapped was positively related to its length, and walls were more likely to be mapped than fences. Linear features can be mapped accurately, but reliance on the discretion of the surveyors, and their interpretation of the survey manual, resulted in variable practice and incomplete data in all cases. If data on linear features are not required, the time saved could be used to improve the accuracy of mapping other habitats (a concern identified in other studies). In addition to the provision of more explicit guidance to surveyors, the reporting of estimates of mapping accuracy and precision are identified as important aspects of the survey technique which require greater attention than is currently the case.


This is the first Ottoman to English translation of Nigar Hanim's short story, "The Blizzard". In this story, Nigar Hanim, a prominent ninteenth-century Ottoman woman writer, editor, and musician brings together Sufi undertones, Romantic symbols to express her suffering.


An upper bound is established for the magnitude of the truncation error incurred when a real-valued finite energy signal that is bandlimited to -\pi r \leq \omega \leq \pi r, 0 , is approximated by 2N + 1 terms from its Shannon sampling series expansion with the samples taken at the integer points. The derived bound is an improvement on known results.


Control activities are activities that must be done by each company to achieve corporate objectives. One of them is controlling the supply of raw materials. The problem is how to control the supply of raw materials to support the effectiveness of the company's production. The author has a hypothesis as follows: "Control of supply of good raw material, can support the effectiveness of production". The purpose of this research is to find out the problems companies face in controlling the supply of raw materials and to determine the effect of raw material inventory control on the effectiveness of production. Research object of this thesis is three companies in the area of Bandung. From this research, it is known that the raw material inventory control can be seen in terms of controlling the environment, estimates of risk, control activities, information and communications, and adequate monitoring. Similarly, the effectiveness of production can be measured from the preparation of plant equipment, handling of goods, maintenance, procurement of raw materials, and provision of adequate manpower. The results of this study indicate that the raw material inventory control has a significant influence on the effectiveness of production.


Corticolous lichens grow on barks of living host trees. Their ubiquitous distribution and sensitivity to   pollutants makes them ideal model organisms to biomonitor air pollution and assess air quality. But before these lichens can be used as bioindicators, it is imperative that baseline information on their diversity in a given area must be established for comparison. In this study, the diversity of the corticolous lichens was evaluated along accessible trails within lowland mountain forests in Angat Dam Watershed Forest Reserve in Bulacan and in Mt. Palay-Palay National Park in Cavite. Sampling ladders with 10 x 10 cm contiguous quadrats were used to assess the diversity of corticolous lichens from 10 trees of at least three host plants within 10 x 10 m plots set-up in the study sites. Results showed that the lowland forests in Angat Dam (LDV = 107.8) showed the highest lichen diversity values than Mt. Palay-Palay (LDV = 59). At least five different species of corticolous lichens were reported in this research study. Correlation between the host trees and the lichen species were also evaluated. Our research is one of few studies in the Philippines looking at the application of corticolous lichens in biomonitoring environmental quality.


The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a tibia far-end rear-side locking bone fracture plate. The bone fracture plate is in an irregular shape and comprises a head and a body which are integrally formed. The head is provided with a plurality of positioning through holes where the bone fracture plate is arranged in advance. The head is provided with a plurality of head screw locking holes, and screws can keep away from a joint face after being installed into the head screw locking holes. The body is provided with a plurality of body screw locking holes. According to the tibia far-end rear-side locking bone fracture plate, angles of the screws are preset through a locking mechanism so that the screws can keep away from the joint face, fixing is safer, special angulation stability of an LCP steel plate is provided for bone fracture fixing, particularly, the osteoporotic fracture and splintered fracture are fixed more firmly, the judgment on screw prebending and imbedding direction during operation is omitted, and the operation is simplified; in addition, the error that the screws are placed into joints by mistake or the errors caused by selecting the length and placing position of the steel plate are reduced, and operation safety is improved.


In the current era of consumerism, patient assessments of care are increasingly being considered an important dimension of quality of care. Good communication with patient or relatives is an important element in General Medical Council's (GMC) guidance on 'Good medical practice'. Providing proper parent communication may help in improving parental satisfaction with overall care provided in the neonatal unit. The Patient Experience Tracker (PET) device is a small wireless electronic handset used to gather real time report on patient experience. The neonatal unit PET survey was started after discussion and agreement with all departmental staff. Initial resistances by some staff overcome by open and honest discussion. A good uptake and accurate response depends on the information provided to parents and family about the PET device and survey. The questions should be appropriate to the department conducting the PET survey. Staff should be prepared to respond to the PET survey findings to improve patient satisfaction and thereby patient care. Ongoing support from Hospital Management is essential to ensure the information is disseminated in a constructive manner to all concerned and appropriate actions are taken to improve overall patient experience. The PET system has the flexibility to decide on questions, and more importantly to track performance and improvement progress.


This article is an autoethnographic exploration of how my family lives with the memory of my uncle, who was killed in service as an enlisted soldier of the Israeli Defense Force during the Yom Kippur War (also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War). This article considers how the memory of my uncle has been constructed through the yearly national cycle of military and family ceremonies. Participation in military ceremonies of this nature is a way for my family to deal with the intolerable pain of my uncle's death. Yet, I argue, this yearly cycle of commemoration is part of "the cult of the fallen" at the heart of contemporary Israeli society; a cult which places the death of my uncle as part of the narrative of inevitable, ongoing national conflict, connecting the past and the present and justifying further militarism in the future.


Although the growth of nanocrystals has been investigated by several workers, investigations of the growth of 1-D nanostructures have been limited. We have investigated the growth kinetics of both uncapped and poly(vinyl pyrollidone) (PVP)-capped ZnO nanorods carefully by a combined use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) which provide direct information on size and shape and compensate for the deficiency of each other. Values of average length and diameter of the ZnO nanorods obtained by TEM and SAXS are comparable. In the presence of the capping agent, the length of the nanorods grows faster while the diameter becomes narrower. The length distribution shows periodic changes in the width in the case of the uncapped nanorods, a feature absent in the case of the capped nanorods. In the absence of the capping agent, we observe the presence of small nanocrystals next to the nanorods after a lapse of time. The occurrence of small nanocrystals as well as the period...


Summary The adjoint of the linearized compressible flow equations is formulated in such a way that it can be used to optimize local control actuation to reduce the noise radiated by a free shear flow. Both the flow and the adjoint are solved numerically and without modeling approximations. Jet noise is the technological application of interest, and a two-dimensional mixing layer is studied as a model of the near-nozzle region of a jet. It is found that the correct small perturbations near the inflow can dramatically reduce the radiated noise. This approach allows us to establish an empirical lower bound on the noise radiation by a this flow subject to our constraints. More importantly, it gives us an opportunity to study its mechanisms by providing noisy and quieted versions of the same flow. Superficially, the unsteady flow dynamics are remarkably unchanged despite a 10dB reduction in the noise. BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the jet age, the most significant noise reductions derive from lower nozzle velocities and Lighthill's famous acoustic power scaling, 1 but at fixed flow conditions it is also now being found that certain nozzle modifications can reduce noise with acceptable thrust losses. Unfortunately, there is no firm theory to guide their design and no known upper limit on their effectiveness. The greater flexibility afforded by active actuation at the nozzle holds even greater promise, but the complexity of the flow and the subtleness of the noise mechanisms have hampered modeling efforts seeking to guide its use. Turbulence models simply lack the fidelity necessary to provided the detailed theoretical noise sources derived in aeroacoustic theories. Our direct numerical simulation effort 2 has shown that despite accuracy concerns deriving from the large energy mismatch between the flow and its noise, the sound field of a turbulent jet flow can indeed be computed accurately, but these simulation are both expensive and have not yet yielded a simplifying principle that can be used to improve models. Large-eddy simulation holds long term promise for prediction, but its direct use in design optimization of complex geometries or of actuation is not imminent. It remains unclear how quite a jet can be made at fixed nominal jet exit conditions or if there is even any use in pursuing active control.


EU copyright law, in connection with exceptions and limitations to copyright, is far from harmonized. This paper examines exceptions and limitations in EU copyright law, with regard to the feasibility of the system established by the InfoSoc Directive. Factual situations of everyday use of works via YouTube and similar sites have been presented in order to establish whether the legal treatment of such uses as infringement of copyright is really the right path to take. Following the review of current developments in EU copyright policy, the paper argues the need for a system of copyright in which holders enjoy more limited rights. Nevertheless, due to the evident political infeasibility of the proposal, the paper argues the


An understanding of AI3-induced diseases requires identification of the blood carrier of Al3 to the tissues where Al3 exerts a toxic action. Quantitative studies demonstrate that the protein transferrin (iron-free) is the strongest Al3' binder in blood plasma. Under plasma conditions of pH 7.4 and [HC03] 27 mmol/L, the successive stability constant values for Al3' binding to transferrin are log K1 = 12.9 and log = 12.3. When the concentration of total Al3 in plasma is 1 mol/L, the free Al3 concentration permitted by transferrin is 10146 mol/L, less than that allowed by insoluble Al(OH)3, by Al(OH)2H2P04, or by complexing with citrate. Thus transfernn is the ultimate carrier of Al3 in the blood. We also used intensity changes produced by metal ion binding to determine the stability constants for Fe3' binding to transfernn: log K1 = 22.7 and log K2 = 22.1. These constants agree closely with a revision of the reported values obtained by equilibrium dialysis. By comparison with Fe3' binding, the Al3 stability constants are weaker than expected; this suggests that the significantly smaller Al3' ions cannot coordinate to all the transferrin donor atoms available to Fe3


Galactosidase (EC 22.214.171.124) was isolated and characterized from the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma evansi. The galactose hydrolase was purified 6.98 fold with a yield of 33.33% by anion exchange chromatography using DEAE- cellulose and size exclusion procedure on Sephadex G- 75 column. The T. evansi -Galactosidase had broad pH and temperature ranges with an optimum of 6.0 and 37°C respectively. Initial velocity studies for the determination of kinetic parameters using 4-methylumbelliferyl- -D-galactoside (MU-Gal) as substrate revealed a K and V of 0.08mM and 0.07 µmol/min respectively. The enzyme activity M max was enhanced by cations: Fe , Co and Mg while Ca was found to inhibit it. 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+


Abstract This article is critical of a series of works on Chinese soft power which have garnered much attention in recent years. These works typically portray Chinese soft power, characterised by its disregard for Western models of development that propagate 'democratic governance', as a latent threat to global order. The article argues that such claims are premature, and to date there is little evidence of a systematic attempt by the Chinese to propagate a 'Beijing model' of autocratic development. These claims are substantiated by analysing China's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Africa, which are characterised by mandates aimed at transforming war-torn states into liberal democracies. I suggest that China's participation in these operations is a crucial component of its 'charm offensive' aimed at the West, and designed to allay fears of a 'China Threat'. The article argues that Chinese understandings of soft power are diverse and directed at multiple audiences. The tendency to 'look for potential threats' in many Western policy-informed works, however, ignores the multifaceted nature and diverse views on Chinese soft power, and clouds our ability to understand this new phenomenon in Chinese foreign policy.


Two molecular bowls can be directly linked to give an open-and-shut capsule simply by heating p-H-calix[4]arene in CH3CN at reflux in the presence of FeCl3⋅6 H2O. Double calixarenes of this type could in principle be present as syn or anti conformers (shown schematically on the right). Whereas the anti form was observed in the solid state, there is presumably an equilibrium of the two forms in solution. The globular architecture of the syn conformation suggests the potential for cooperation between two cone binding sites in the endo-calix complexation of suitable guests.


We study the robustness of a photonic Chern insulator (in both linear and nonlinear regimes) supporting multiple-winding slow light modes over a broad range of frequencies against fabrication disorder and nonlinearity by numerics and analytics.


We consider a process to create quasi–long-range quantum discord between the non-interacting end spins of a quantum spin chain, with the end spins weakly coupled to the bulk of the chain. The process is not only capable of creating long-range quantum correlation but the latter remains frozen, when certain weak end-couplings are adiabatically varied below certain thresholds. We term this phenomenon as adiabatic freezing of quantum correlation. We observe that the freezing is robust to moderate thermal fluctuations and is intrinsically related to the cooperative properties of the quantum spin chain. In particular, we find that the energy gap of the system remains frozen for these adiabatic variations, and moreover, considering the end spins as probes, we show that the interval of freezing can detect the anisotropy transition in quantum XY spin chains. Importantly, the adiabatic freezing of long-range quantum correlations can be simulated with contemporary experimental techniques.


Two abstract and computational models of the long-term process of science are proposed: AMS and HAMS. An outline specification of each model is given and the relationship between them explained. AMS takes an Olympian ("artificial world") view of science and its processes. HAMS is simpler and relatively more abstract and comprises only a small set of core processes. A first implementation of HAMS is described. How AMS and HAMS might be validated and used in experimental investigations is considered including problems that might arise. Further work is proposed. A brief coda concerns a related model of science formulated from an idealist rather than a materialist perspective.


Methods and media used to recover stressed and unstressed Staphylococcus aureus cells from foods are reviewed. Most probable number methods using Trypticase soy broth with 10% salt and 1% sodium pyruvate, a liquid modification of Baird-Parker agar and Giolitti and Cantoni's broth with Tween are discussed. Direct plating media reviewed are Baird-Parker agar, modified Vogel and Johnson agar, egg yolk-free Baird-Parker agar and single-step Staphylococcus selective agar.


Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programmes have been developed and implemented in different countries based on availability of resources. Most protocols developed for DR have been solely dedicated to DR screening without involving systemic screening. Aim: To implement and evaluate a DR screening model utilising a team of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) to manage diabetes mellitus (DM) to reduce DR progression. Setting: Primary healthcare clinics and Voortrekker hospital in Waterberg district of Limpopo province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which a total of 107 patients with DM from seven clinics consented to participation. A proposed DR screening model was implemented where patients with DM were screened for systemic complications at clinics and referred to Voortrekker district hospital for retinal photography. Questionnaire responses evaluated the success of the screening process and operational challenges. Results: From the study population, 32 (29.1%) were male and 75 (70.1%) were female. The mean age of patients was 63.7 years with a mean weight of 80.69 kg. The mean duration of DM was 9.26 years and the mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 9.7%. From the 47 patients who had visual acuity less than 6/9, 74.5% had refractive error. About 10% (9.4%) had DR or diabetic macular oedema (DME) and 38.3% had other lesions. Referral to an ophthalmologist was necessary in 36.5% of cases. Conclusion: The implementation of a team approach to co-manage DM and DR utilising the developed protocol improved the quality of care for patients with DM in the district health system.


A 64-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of intermittent abdominal pain about 11 years after undergoing a radical nephrectomy for a right RCC in another hospital. Although he had received interferon chemotherapy for multiple metastatic tumors of the lung and the hilar lymph nodes 3 years earlier, its effect was unremarkable (Fig. 1). He subsequently underwent distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in our hospital about 8 months before the development of intermittent abdominal pain and diarrhea. A colonoscopy showed no unusual findings, but 1 month later he started vomiting, and a provisional diagnosis of postoperative adhesional ileus was made. However, his symptoms were not relieved by conservative treatment and an abdominal CT scan showed two enhanced masses with the "target" sign in the mid and right pelvis, suggesting enteric intussusceptions (Fig. 2). Thus, we made a preoperative diagnosis of metastatic RCC in the small intestine. Laparotomy revealed intussusceptions of the ileum 200cm proximal to the ileocecal valve and 300cm into the jejunum. We reduced the intussusceptions manually, and resected 5cm of the ileum and jejunum containing the tumors. Two polypoid and lobular tumors measuring 3.5 ¥ 3.0 ¥ 3.5 cm each in the intussusception segments were found in the resected specimens (Fig. 3). Postoperative histological examination revealed tumor cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant clear cytoplasm, arranged in alveolar nests, suggestive of metastatic RCC. They were clearly distinguishable from the former resected specimen of gastric adenocarcinoma (Fig. 4). The patient recovered uneventfully from this operation, but 2 months later he Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may metastasize to almost any organ, but it is unlikely to be a direct cause of intussusception. We report a case of double enteric intussusceptions caused by metastatic RCC in a 64year-old man. The patient presented with intermittent abdominal pain and diarrhea 11 years after undergoing a radical nephrectomy. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed two enhanced masses with the "target" sign, suggesting enteric intussusceptions. We performed partial enterectomy, and histological examination confirmed that the tumors had originated from RCC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of metastases from RCC manifesting as synchronous intraluminal polypoid tumors serving as the lead points of two intussusceptions in the small intestine. Thus, the possibility of multiple tumor metastases in the small intestine, with or without intussusceptions, should be considered in patients with recurrent RCC.


Aims: Lignocelluloses-based waste materials are prospective and renewable feedstocks for bioethanol production. Despite their widespread availability, little attention has been paid to their utilization as fermentation feedstocks for bioethanol production especially in developing countries like Nigeria. In this study, three lignocelluloses-based wastes: corn cobs, office paper waste, and Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves, commonly generated in Southwestern Nigeria were evaluated as fermentation feedstocks for bioethanol production. Study Design: The study was a laboratory based experimental study which involved chemical hydrolysis and microbiological fermentation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, between July 2014 and December 2014. Methodology: Separate hydrolysis and fermentation method was adopted for the study. Hydrolysis of the feedstocks was carried out at H 2 SO 4 concentration of 6 M, 9 M and 13 M at 100°C for 60 min. Hydrolysates obtained were ferment ed at 30°C for 72 hours using Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Results: Reducing sugar yields in the hydrolysates ranged from 51.5 – 27.3%, with highest yields from all the feedstocks obtained at 9M treatment, suggesting that 9M is the optimal concentration of H 2 SO 4 for hydrolysis of the tested feedstocks. Highest ethanol yields of 20.2, 16.8 and 15.9 g/L were obtained at 48-hour fermentation period from waste office paper, corn cob and leaves of Thaumatococcus daniellii , respectively. Conclusion: The results thus indicate that 48 hours is the optimal fermentation period for the feedstocks using Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The study has demonstrated that ethanol could be produced from the paper, corncobs and leaves of Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves with maximum yield obtained from office paper waste.


Abstract This study empirically investigates the drivers of agricultural productivity in transforming economy. The study used a 35-year period (1980–2014) panel data sourced from World Development Indicators, Penn World Table, United States Department of Agriculture and Statistics on Public Expenditure for Economic Development. Data used for the study include Agricultural Productivity (AP), Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Government Agricultural Expenditure (EXP), Agricultural Trade Barrier (ATB), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Farm Machinery (MACH), Fertiliser (FERT), Human Capital (HCAP) and Irrigation (IRRG). Data were analysed using Impulse Response Function, Levin-Lin-Chu unit root test, Johansen-Fisher Panel Cointegration test and Panel Least Squares regression technique. Impulse Response Function revealed that ln (GDP)reacted negatively to a shock from ln (Agricultural Productivity). Levin-Lin-Chu unit root test revealed that the variables were stationary either at level or at first difference. The result of the Johansen-Fisher panel cointegration test showed that for every case at 5 percent level of significance, we reject null hypothesis of no cointegration. Panel Least Squares revealed that Agricultural Trade Barrier (α = 0.0531, p < 0.05), Human Capital (α = 1.2409, p < 0.01) and Irrigation (α = 0.0771, p < 0.01) increased Agricultural Productivity. However, Fertilizer (α = −0.0730, p < 0.01) decreased Agricultural Productivity. This study therefore concluded that Agricultural Productivity will grow in transforming economy with trade restriction on imported agricultural tradable commodities, increased investment in human capital and expansion in irrigation application. The study therefore recommends measures that will protect domestic agriculture, capacity building of the farmers and improved irrigation infrastructure that will enhance small scale farmers for all-season cropping.


Abstract : A combined theoretical and experimental research program on 'Giant Enhanced Backscattering from Rough Surfaces and Related Phenomena' has been implemented. The results should have potential application in remote sensing, radar signature, telecommunication, target acquisition and classification.


Abstract: Using data for 371 banks from nonindustrial countries for the period 2002–8, we examine the effect of bank regulation and supervision on banking risk. Our main findings suggest that stricter regulation and supervision reduces banking risk. Notably, capital regulations and supervisory control reduce bank riskiness. Liquidity regulation and activities restrictions also restrain banking risk but only when there is a high level of institutional quality. Finally, we find that the effect of regulation and supervision also depends on the level of development.


Primary craniocerebral plasmacytomas are uncommon and represent only 0.7 % of all plasmacytomas. In this case solitary plasmacytoma in the midline frontal head region of the skull and discuss the clinical features and prognosis of this tumor. Plasmacytoma can present as multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma of the bone or extramedullary plasmacytoma. Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare entity that composes of malignant plasma cells and involves the bone to form only one or two lesions without evidence of disease dissemination. It accounts for only 4% of malignant plasma cell tumors. 50 years old male was suffering from plasmacytoma in the frontal head region in our case which is pulsatile. On images showed multiple differential diagnosis but after operation histological examination revealed plasmacytoma.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 39-42


Chemical analysis of the stem bark of Erythrina sigmoidea (Leguminoseae) yielded two known isoflavones, 6,8-diprenylgenisteine ( 3 ) and warangalone ( 4 ) as well as a new triterpenoid saponin designated sigmoiside E ( 1 ). Its structure was established by chemical and spectroscopic means as 16-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl maniladiol ( 1 ). Sigmoiside E exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. KEY WORDS : Erythrina sigmoidea , Stem bark, Triterpenoid, Saponin, Isoflavone, Leguminoseae
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2007 , 21(3), 373-378.


This article presents a qualitative study, with a descriptive and interpretative nature, of the abilities of prospective elementary teachers (PETs) to solve a contextualized problem of physics through a process of guided inquiry. Specifically, an analysis was made of the PETs' abilities to (a) formulate hypotheses; (b) plan inquiry procedures aimed at testing hypotheses; and (c) draw conclusions from the inquiry (i.e., interpret experimental data to accept or reject their hypotheses, and recognize the limitations of the inquiry that they had conducted). The study participants were 17 PETs who were receiving training in science teaching. They were organized into small groups to solve the physics problem proposed to them. The study's data were extracted from the inquiry reports that the groups prepared by following a script with open-ended questions. The results revealed the PETs' strengths and weaknesses in addressing the different scientific practices that had been required in the process, as well as showing that they all had achieved some improvement in their inquiry abilities after completing the activity. A discussion of the results is given with a view to improving the training of PETs in inquiry-based science learning.


The concept of context has three developing stages ,which include the stage of classification,the stage of factors and the stage of cognition The issue of context is in fact how the text is connected with the context That is how the text activates the context to reach the interacting goal The context of the text involves certain language factors in the text,through which the text connects the physical and mental world outside the text The language factors include time,place,actors etc These factors may be classified into direct factors and indirect factors Contextuality,which is the quantitative ratio of context factors to clauses in a text,represents the degree of connection between the text and the world outside the text


The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and to investigate the genetic relationship between some functional milk traits such as milk yield (MY), dry matter (DM), fat (F) and milking duration (MD) on Brown Swiss dairy cattle breeding in Turkey with random regression model using heterogeneous residual error variance interval. Variance components were estimated with 4 multiple-trait (4 traits at a time) random regression model via restricted maximum likelihood (REML) with AI-REML algorithm. Data were obtained from an experimental farm and comprised 636 test day (TD) records for each trait. Average heritability for MY, DM, F and MD were 0.29, 0.10, 0.16 and 0.05, respectively. The largest genetic correlation interval were found between F and MD and ranged from -0.34 to 0.72 throughout lactation. The shape of genetic correlation curve of DM-MD was similar to F-MD and genetic correlation between DM-MD ranged from -0.24 to 0.61. Genetic correlations of other traits changed from 0.08 to 0.65 for MY-DM, -0.16 to 0.28 for MY-MD and 0.04 to 0.59 for MY-F throughout lactation. Results from this study implied that increasing fat percentage in milk and other milk components may have led to decrease the flow of milk and consequently, affected the milking duration.


A relative motion model for a Client and a Servicer spacecraft in near geostationary orbit is developed taking into account various gravitational and non-gravitational forces. In particular, differential perturbations due to Earth's oblateness, solar radiation pressure and third body gravitational pull are studied, quantified and modeled. The relative motion model is validated using one typical far range approach test scenario against a reference generated by numerical propagation of two absolute orbits.


At the meeting of Charlie Yang Rapid Recovery Roadshow (Nanjing Station) in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, we were honored to invite Prof. Charlie C. Yang ( Figure 1 ), who serves at the Centura Health Physician Group in Colorado Joint Replacement, to have an interview with us on the advances and the future of direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip replacement (THA).


In the present study, analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in the entrance and periodically fully developed regions of a channel with porous baffles is numerically studied. The Navier–Stokes and Brinkman–Forchheimer equations are used to model the fluid flow in the open and porous regions. The flow is assumed to be laminar. A finite-volume based method in conjunction with the SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve the equations. The local thermal equilibrium model is adopted in the energy equation to evaluate the solid and fluid temperatures. The effects of parameters such as baffle height, baffle spacing, Reynolds number, and thermal conductivity ratio between the porous baffles and the fluid on the flow field and local heat transfer rate are studied at relatively low and high values of Darcy number. Results show that local heat transfer coefficient significantly depends on the formation and variation of the recirculation caused by the porous baffles, such that, in the cases where use of porous baffles leads to recirculation zone, the local Nusselt number in the entrance region would be less than that of the fully developed region. It is also shown that heat transfer performance ratio is significantly improved for high Prandtl number fluids.


Based on feature recognition, this paper presents a method to construct staring work pieces created by casting. Firstly, this method recognizes features of cast then machined parts and volumetric machining operations; Mechanical parts are lifted through recognition of machining feature for cast then machined parts and volumetric machining operations to obtain cast faces. Then, staring work pieces are created.


In this paper, we studied about the micro pressure transmission system using fluid. For the investigation of feasibility of microhydraulic system, the hydraulic characteristics were examined by using the capillary tube system and the micro cylinder system that consists of a rod and a micro capillary...


Soil erosion is a serious global problem with significant financial and environmental consequences and more studies are needed to understand the physical mechanism of erosion and also to quantify erosion rates. Rainfall induced soil erosion is a two-phase process consisting of the detachment of individual soil grains from soil mass and their transport by running water. Although several methods are available for estimating rainfall induced soil erosion, the applicability of most of these methods are very limited. This paper presents a detailed study carried out using a laboratory set-up consisting of an artificial rainfall simulator to quantify rainfall induced soil erosion. Based on a series of laboratory experiments carried out with different soils and rainfall intensities, two functional relationships were developed to quantify erosion rates on sandy soils and clayey soils separately. These equations were able to predict erosion rates to a reasonable accuracy and also easy to use in actual situations. However, further tests are recommended with more soil samples and widening the range of other test parameters to verify the equations and to make it applicable over a wide range of actual situations.


Orchid growers use mdirect natural sunlight, a1ded durmg the wmter months by ultravwlet lighting. Pollination IS earned out m batches of hundreds to keep a year-round crop. Darwm (7) m h1s classic studies of orchid culture showed that stimulation to reproduction could be from many vanetles of pollen. An mcrease m available tryptophane, the ammo acid precursor of auxms, starts the pollination process (8). Many artificial auxms are now available. The 3 m most common use today are mdol acetic acid, mdol propnomc acid, and mdol butync acid (9). However, orchid reproduction IS parthenocarpy, whether the auxms used for pollinatiOn are natural or artificial. Pollination also releases many cytokmms, specifically gibberellins, retarders of senescence, which prolong the time available for complete pollination. Orch1daceae var. cymb1dium can be propagated m many other ways (10). Callus culture IS the Simplest and commonest modern method. A rapid clomng method by multiplication of apices to produce a virus-free plant by apical menstem culture IS also used by professiOnals m this rare and erudite business. In nature, the orchid has few or no mternal reproductive barners. These are replaced by mechamcal or ethological aids (9). This IS particularly true m the vanety, Ophms, whose Iabellum has the apparent markmgs of the female Andrena or Scotia bee. In the spnng, the male bee develops earlier than the female. On lighting on the orchid, the male IS stimulated by the Iabellar hair and attempts copulatiOn. This pseudo-copulation removes enough pollen to carry to the next orchid m this chimaera of reproduction (10, I I). When the Lady's Slipper orchid IS bemg hand-pollinated, this same mechamcal barner must be overcome. If the bare hand with a small brush IS used, more than enough pollen IS released to produce contact allergy, particularly m a previously sensitized worker.