Recognition of any individual is a task to identify people. Human recognition methods such as face, fingerprints, and iris generally require user's cooperation, physical contact or close proximity. These methods are not able to recognize an individual at a distance therefore recognition using gait is relatively new biometric technique without these disadvantages. Gait Energy Image (GEI) is an efficient template for human identification by gait. However, such a template loses temporal information in a gait sequence, which is critical to the performance of gait recognition. To address this issue, we develop a novel temporal template, named Chrono-Gait Image (CGI). The proposed CGI template first extracts the contour in each gait frame, followed by encoding each of the gait contour images in the same gait sequence with a multichannel mapping function and compositing them to a


The House of Mirth is the first well-known writing of Edith Wharton,awoman writer in the early 20th century.Inthe story Lawrence Selden,a friend of the heroine Lily Bart,never makes but always mars.His impractical moral ideal of"Republic of the Spirits" as well as this coldness and harshness towards Lily are two important factors leading to Lily's tragic fall.


Universities, immersed in an environment of permanent social, administrative, educational, cultural and economic change, need to strengthen their libraries to support the basic functions of teaching and research while providing information to promote action. This paper is aimed at determining the usage of information technologies in university libraries in the Maracaibo Municipality as a means for generating distinctive abilities and in the formation of competitive advantages. This descriptive field study is based on information supplied through a questionnaire applied to directory staff in selected libraries. The research results indicate that in spite of efforts to provide university libraries with modern technologies, their application has not produced the development of advantages in regard to quality, innovation and response capacity. In conclusion, the technologies that libraries apply are not integrated with their potentialities in the formation of competitive advantages.


The greatest promise of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) lies in the ability to produce mechanical motion on a small scale. Such devices typically run on low power and are fast, taking advantage of such micro scale phenomena as strong electrostatic forces and rapid thermal responses. MEMS-based sensors and actuators have been widely deployed and commercialized. MEMS technologies also have potential applications in optics, transportation aerospace, robotics, chemical analysis systems, biotechnologies, medical engineering and microscopy using scanned micro probes. Microactuators are useful tools for microsystems development. They produce displacement and useful forces to move, grasp or fine tune components of the Microsystems. Thermal actuators are simple devices with good mechanical and dynamic performances. Since integration requires that the designs of the entire system be performed on the micro chip, a good understanding of the performance of the micro thermal actuators is required. Modeling of thermal actuator is a complex task that requires multi physics formulation. In this thesis, a multi-physics analytical model that can accurately predict the performance of a typical U-shaped micro electro thermal actuator fabricated by MUMPS technology is developed and validated through FEM analysis. Further, experiments are carried out on a benchmark micro thermal actuator. On the basis of this model, the relations between geometries of the thermal actuators and their thermal and mechanical behaviors are calculated and mapped out by simulating them in different geometric conditions. A parametric study that evaluates the performance of the devices with respect to the design geometries is carried out. The results are useful for thermal actuator designers


wavelength polarized lights is investigated, experimentally . According to the Mie ' s theory the polar 正zation ratios of scattered 監ights are calculated nurnerically , which is a function of the part 王cle diameter, the refraction index, and the wavelength of the incident light. Polystyrene particles are used as the test particles , which are suspended in pur 伍ed wa 亡er. The arithmetjc 皿 ean diameters of them are varied from O.356 to O.77 Fm , which is measured with a centrifugal sedimentation method . In order to extend the measurement range of convestional polarization ratio methods , three kinds of He −Ne lasers, whose wavelengths are 543.5,594.1, and 632.8nm , are used . The laser beams passes through the particles, and the scattered images are acquired with a digital CCD camera set in parallel


The classification of forests in the Bolshoy Agul river basin (Eastern Sayan) was developed using the Brawn-Blanquet method and cluster analysis. Two zonal forests categories in North Asia – boreal forests of the Vaccinio–Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 and hemiboreal forests of the Rhytidio–Laricetea Korotkov et Ermakov 1999 were revealed. Boreal coniferous forests are represented dominantly by two orders of the East Siberian-Mongolian type – Ledo–Laricetalia Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004 and Lathyro–Laricetalia Ermakov et al. 2002. The first order includes alliance Pino sibiricae–Laricion Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004 and two associations – Carici globularis–Pinetum sibiricae ass. nov. and Linnaeo–Pinetum sibiricae ass. nov. occurring on long-term frozen soils with different moisture regimes. The second order of the East Siberian-Mongolian type is represented by community Senecio nemorensis – Larix sibirica(Rhododendro–Laricion Ermakov in Krestov et al. 2009). The third order of boreal forests – Piceo obovatae–Pinetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2013 represents extra-zonal communities of the Ural-Siberian geographical type occurring in the moderately warm habitats. Hemiboreal light-coniferous forests of the East Siberian-Mongolian type (class Rhytidio–Laricetea Korotkov et Ermakov 1999, alliance Festuco–Laricion Korotkov et Ermakov ex Ermakov et al. 2000, Campanulo turczaninovii–Laricetum sibiricae ass. nov.) are locally found in the driest sites. The results of the classification and comparative plant-geographical analysis make it possible to correct the border between the East Siberian and Euro-Siberian geobotanical subregions as well as the boundaries of districts, provinces and regions in the forest zonation system of Southern Siberia.


Although simple in theory, talking to patients is far from easy. While the basic definition of communication is the conveying of information (2), in the world of medicine, communication is a complex interplay that builds trust, underlies the patient-physician relationship and remains a timeless, intrinsic aspect of clinical excellence (3). Despite years of medical training to become a cardiologist, I had surprisingly little mentoring on how to best speak and connect with patients. I was fortunate, though, to experience two transformative patient encounters that taught me the crucial role communication has in earning trust and delivering the highest level of care. "No way, I don't want it". My jaw dropped when Mrs. M, a middle-aged otherwise healthy woman refused a heart catheterization, the procedure I had just recommended, after presenting to the emergency room with severe chest pain, a concerning electrocardiogram and a rising troponin, the blood test used to detect heart muscle damage. She was in the throes of an anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction, fearfully known as the Widowmaker heart attack, and I was the consulting cardiologist. I stood in her room in a large academic medical center, armed with all the tools needed to save her but really just feeling helplessly confused. Of course, I did not want to pressure her into a procedure that carried risk but her decision seemed clearly inconsistent with her medical values and goals. Rather, she seemed afraid and overwhelmed by the moment. She had already seen an army of short and long whitecoats hurriedly buzz in and out of her hospital room spewing foreign medical jargon. She was simply confused and did not trust us. In that humbling moment, I realized that our ability to leverage the power of modern medicine and be effective healers ultimately depends on navigating our relationships with patients through communication, trust and empathy. I had to change my approach. I slowed down and softened my tone. I sat down, made full eye contact, and explained the disease, the test results and the procedure again but with even simpler and clearer terms. I was patient, attentive and I listened. Whether it was my words or the genuine effort I made to help her understand, she eventually agreed to the procedure. Shortly thereafter, the heart catheterization revealed a clot completely blocking blood flow in her left anterior descending coronary artery, indeed the dreaded Widowmaker. A small metal stent was placed to open the artery and restore blood flow. Fortunately, all went well and when I saw her in recovery, she softly wept and thanked us. Years have passed and I have long since lost contact with Mrs. M but that day and its lesson have stayed with me. In order to care for our patients, we must first earn their trust through simple, honest and effective communication. This responsibility to communicate and connect with patients is increasingly strained by the pressures of modern healthcare. The sheer amount of data and required charting necessitates that much of the analysis and complex decision making happens outside the room, allowing less time for valued bedside interaction (4,5). Patients have unprecedented access to confusing medical information and misinformation and providers must clarify this daunting body of knowledge in a way that allows patients to meaningfully engage in their own care (6). While there is no panacea to these fundamental tensions, we can at least make the most of the time that we do spend in the room by returning to traditional doctoring with simple and effective bedside communication, gradually improving our skills with each patient encounter.


The Hippocratic oath The story goes, that some 2400 years ago the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates provided his graduate students in Kos with a guideline for professional conduct. Before they entered the medical profession, he made them swear what we are used to call now the Hippocratic oath: "I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgement, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous. (...) Into whatever houses I enter, I will go into them for the benefit of the sick, and will abstain from every voluntary act of mischief and corruption. (...) Whatever, in connection with my professional practice or not, I see or hear, in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that all such should be kept secret." The Hippocratic oath can be considered the first code of conduct a profession ever agreed upon. It was drafted in a time when medical science established itself as an autonomous scientific discipline, independent from natural philosophy. Therefore, it can also be seen as a declaration of independence of the physicians, their establishment as an independent profession, on the moment when they underlayed their operations with medical science, a new autonomous academic discipline of their own.


Hyperspectral imaging based land cover/land use classification accuracy is expected to be improved by fusion with a LIDAR based Digital Elevation Model (DEM). To this end, we propose a multi-modal architecture, as well as a filtering technique extracting a shadow invariant one dimensional feature from a pixel spectrum. The proposed approach allows treating shadow and non-shadow areas separately. DEM is incorporated into this architecture through feature extraction and post classification procedures. A digital terrain model estimated from DEM is used to calculate object heights. Slope, curvature and polynomial surface fitting based features are extracted in different scales. In post classification, DEM segments and relatively high objects obtained from DEM are interpreted by superposition with the class map.


ABSTRACT Objectives We aimed to investigate the protective effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage in a mouse ischemia model and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods Mice were divided equally into five groups: Sham, I/R, Vehicle, I/R plus CsA (10 mg/kg), and I/R plus CsA (20 mg/kg). Nerve function scores, infarct volume, brain water content, and Evans blue (EB) leakage were evaluated, and western blotting was performed to analyze the changes in CypA, p-Akt, NF-κB, MMP-9, and Claudin-5 expression. Results CsA can attenuate I/R damage in a mouse ischemic stroke model, as indicated by improved neurological function scores and decreased infarct volume, brain water content, and EB leakage. Additionally, high-dose CsA showed better protective effects than low-dose. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CsA were explored, and it was found that CsA could inhibit the increase in CypA, p-Akt, NF-κB, and MMP-9 protein expression after middle cerebral artery occlusion, while Claudin-5 expression was decreased. Discussion CsA showed potential as a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke patients; besides interfering with the typical NF-κB signaling pathway, the Akt pathway may also be involved in the effects of CsA.


It is well recognized that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma often accumulate in large or aggregated intracytoplasmic vacuoles that peripherally displace the nucleus and variably distort contours into a crescent shaped configuration. Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is defined as a tumor composed predominantly or exclusively of SRC, characterized by a central, optically clear, globoid droplet of intracytoplasmic mucin with an eccentrically placed nucleus. SRC are usually gastric, intestinal or rare in the female genital tract. To the best of our knowledge primary carcinoma of the endometrium with SRC has only been observed in three previous cases [1,2]. In fact primary pure endometrial SRC and caution that this tumor can closely mimic the pattern of extragenital carcinoma metastatic to the endometrium. In this paper we report a new case of primary endometrial SRC.


The extruded side wall becomes one mature technology in CFRD construction. Its application replaces the conventional compaction of the inclined slope with its features of convenience,economy and safety,etc. therefore,it is widely applied on CFRD construction in China. In this paper,mix ratio,construction technology and construction attentions of the construction of the extruded side wall,Zhamao Reservoir,are described,providing the construction of the similar projects with engineering experience.


In bacteria various types of signal transduction proteins are used for the perception of environmental signals (Aizawa et al., 2000). Most of the sensors receive the signal at the periplasmic side of the membrane. By transferring the signal across the membrane, it is converted into a cellular signal, which is used for regulation of transcription, enzyme activity, or flagellar rotation. Two-component regulatory systems represent the most frequent systems of this type for transmembrane signalling in bacteria. They consist of a membraneous sensory histidine protein kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Signal transfer between the sensor and the response regulator is effected by protein phosphorylation. In the facultative anaerobic bacterium Escherichia coli the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism is regulated at the transcriptional level in response to the electron acceptors O 2, nitrate, and fumarate. The expression of the genes of anaerobic fumarate respiration, including fumarate reductase, an anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate (fumarate) carrier, and of fumarase B, is regulated by C4-dicarboxylates and the twocomponent regulatory system DcuSR (d icarboxylate uptake) (Zientz et al., 1998; Golby et al., 1999). The DcuSR system consists of the sensor DcuS located in the cytoplasmic membrane, and of the cytoplasmic response regulator DcuR. DcuS contains two transmembrane helices, one periplasmic domain, and the


Experiments are underway to investigate the generation of MW to GW microwave power levels utilizing intense (1-10 kA), relativistic (0.4-1 MV), electron beams with pulselengths from 0.4 to 1 μs. Significant research issues concern the effects of beam voltage fluctuations and space charge on long-pulse microwave emission power and frequency stability. Two prototype masers have been developed utilizing a moderate energy pulseline generator with peak parameters: 0.4 MV, 1.2 kA, and 0.4 μs. Prototype I utilized a nonadiabatic step in the diode magnetic field to impart a large α (V⊥/V11≈1-2) to a relatively low transported current of 30-60A. With a uniform waveguide resonator this maser generated peak microwave power levels of 0.6 MW and pulselengths of 0.3 μs over 85% voltage droop. The emission frequency was close to the relativistic cyclotron frequency. The Prototype II maser employed an improved magnetic field profile which transported 500-1000 A of beam current, but at a lower value of α(0.2 - 0.3). A series of permanent magnet wiggler/kickers were used in preliminary tests. Power levels were achieved in the range of 2 MW in the X-band and at MW levels in the K-band. These emission frequencies apparently correspond to the CRM forward-wave and backward-wave interaction with the TE11n cavity modes. By lowering the magnetic field below a critical value the microwave emission was cut off. Design studies have been performed for a long-pulse MW-GW cyclotron maser on the MELBA accelerator with parameters: 0.8 - 1 MV, 1 - 10 kA, and 1 - 1.5 μs.


We study the classes of filters F on N such that the weak and strong F-convergence of sequences in l1 coincide. We study also an analogue of l1 weak sequential completeness theorem for filter convergence.


From the angle of the relationship between socialist market economy and education,the local universities enjoy the advantages of government support,cultural disparities and regional difference and have the disadvantages of poor basis and condition of school-running and lack of funds.In view of the successful experience of foreign school-running mode,the ideas of leadership must be renewed to improve the socialization in school-running mode universities.


ingly. It would be taking a very narrow view of the question to say that, because the disease is pneumonia, we must therefore treat it by blood-letting, or we must not treat it by blood-letting, or it is better to let it alone, for it will get well of itself. We can have no such definite rule of practice as this in our profession; we must be guided in our treatment by well grounded generalprinciples; and the great artwe have to learn is to be able to modify those principles in detail to suit the varying exigences of those pathological conditions included in the general name of the disease. If we are called early to a case of pneumonia, wben the attack is sudden and severe, the patient young, plethoric, and not the subject of any constitutional disease, we should best relieve the patient, and save him the ulterior changes belonging to the disease, by early and decided blood-letting. In asthenic cases, uncomplicated by other disease, I have often seen great relief afforded in the early stage by local blood-letting, aided by diaphoretics; taking care at the same time to give either tonics or stimulants, or both, sbould the general condition of the patient seem to require it. In asthenic cases occurring in persons labouring under strumous and cachetic states of system, even local bleeding may be dangerous, and will be seldom if ever required; for, instead of being in excess and highly coagulable, the blood is poor and watery; and although it readily exudes, the consequent filling up of the air cells is less dangerous, and expectoration more easily takes place; we may safely take more time about the case, the patient will not be so early threatened with apna"a, and our surest remedies will be those which give tone to the general system, aided by counterirritation and medicines of diaphoretic and diuretic properties. In these cases, as well as in those which occur in fevers, there is less need of mercury to effect the absorption of the effused matter; for, containing less plastic material, it is more freely expectorated during the attack, and more easily absorbed afterwards, provided we have been able not only to relieve congestion but to give increased tone and nervous power to the whole body. Where pneumonia has arisen secondarily in the course of typhus and other fevers of a low type, I have always found it the most successful practice to trust, as far as medicines are concerned, to the appropriate treatment of the fever generally; and to limit the special treatment of the local disease to fomentations and counterirritation by turpentine, blisters, or other stimulants. The subject is far too large a one to be satisfactorily dealt with in a short paper on such an occasion as the present, where so little time can be spared for discussion; but I feel sure the hints I have given may be safely trusted in practice as a foundation for further observation and researel.


AbstractReliable quantification of carbon dioxide (CO2) properties and saturation is crucial in the monitoring of CO2 underground storage projects. We have focused on quantitative seismic characterization of CO2 at the Sleipner storage pilot site. We evaluate a methodology combining high-resolution seismic waveform tomography, with uncertainty quantification and rock physics inversion. We use full-waveform inversion (FWI) to provide high-resolution estimates of P-wave velocity VP and perform an evaluation of the reliability of the derived model based on posterior covariance matrix analysis. To get realistic estimates of CO2 saturation, we implement advanced rock physics models taking into account effective fluid phase theory and patchy saturation. We determine through sensitivity tests that the estimation of CO2 saturation is possible even when using only the P-wave velocity as input. After a characterization of rock frame properties based on log data prior to the CO2 injection at Sleipner, we apply our t...


New index of pulse wave velocity to global longitudinal peak systolic strain (PWV/GLPSS) was reported to be associated with cardiovascular damage. We evaluated the prognostic role of this metric in survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).


As joining the WTO,the bank-insurance cooperation comes to a new climax in our country.Many banks and insurance companies have signed cooperation agreements.But in general,the bank-insurance cooperation is still at primary stage.There are many elements hinderingthe development of bank-insurance cooperation.This paper analyzes the current situation of bank-insurance and the main problems in it.Then it proposes the measures for further cooperation.


Born Globals, the phenomenon of rapidly internationalising firms is widely accepted and noted in literature. Yet, in review of 51 empirical articles we found disquieting discrepancies in: operationalisation of the phenomenon concerning age of firms surveyed, speed, intensity, and scope of their internationalisation process. Based upon our analysis and results we invoke new directions for further research.


The types of incinerators most commonly used in the United States are the multiple hearth and fluidized bed designs. Airborne contaminants from either method of sludge incineration may be deposited on land or in water and eventually come into contact with humans. However, the most direct route of human exposure is through inhalation of particulate and gaseous emissions. Of particular concern is the potential public health risk associated with the inhalation of trace metals. Certain metals are suspected human carcinogens, while others can induce acute or chronic health effects. In this analysis, metal emissions from sludge incinerators were mathematically modeled and the associated human health risks evaluated to identify which metals, if any, pose a significant health risk.


This paper presents results concerning the nonlinear analysis of the mean annual value temperature time series corresponding to the Earth's global climate for the time period of 713 – 2004. The nonlinear analysis consists of the application of several filtering methods, the estimation of geometrical and dynamical characteristics in the reconstructed phase space, techniques of discrimination between nonlinear low dimensional and linear high dimensional (stochastic) dynamics and tests for serial dependence and nonlinear structure. All study results converge to the conclusion of nonlinear stochastic and complex nature of the global earth climate.


Smart grid (SG) has given a better vision for electricity infrastructure. The quality, quantity of power transmitted and the usage of available data from smart sensing, metering and communication has dramatically increased with the introduction of smart grid to power systems. SG also has empowered customer participation by managing their load pattern to take advantage of choosing their supply and pricing options. The heart of the SG lies on the communication between the consumers and the grid operators. Grids operators need the real time customer meter data to schedule their supply and pricing policies and the consumers need the same to manage their loads. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) uses Aggregation Protocol with Error Detection (APED) to improve the security of data. The SG with SCADA is facilitated by data acquisitions which includes the meter reading, system conditions, etc. that are monitored and transmitted at regular intervals in real time. The security of data transfer is assured by the introduction of improvised Ciphertext Policy_ Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is used to achieve the security parameters like confidentiality, integrity, and availability in cloud computing. Block chain-based systems combine distributed register and cryptographic security measures. Introduction of block chain in SG has revolutionized the functioning of SG with smart contracts, and transaction of huge amount of data in a fully decentralized market platform.This paper reviews the modern technologies used in smart grid communication based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard to the SG and how it is modified to ensure effective, efficient and economical and secured communication of the huge real time data from the smart meters.


In the last decade remarkable progress has been made in the cluster chemistry of the early transition elements. Earlier work on the metal halide cluster compounds of Nb, Ta, Mo, W and Re served to establish the promise and potential in this area. Now cluster chemistry has been extended to halides of Sc, Y, the lanthanides, Zr and Hf, as well as to oxides, sulphides and selenides of Nb, Ta, Mo and Re. After a brief survey of significant developments in these areas, attention is focused on results from recent work on Mo and W cluster compounds. The discussion includes syntheses, structures and properties of some novel halide clusters, but major emphasis is devoted to new ternary and quaternary molybdenum oxides prepared at high temperatures. Among these solid-state materials are found discrete cluster arrays (LiZn2Mo30 8, Zn3Mo30 8, and Ba114Mo80 16) and structures with extended metal-metal bonding (NaMo40 6, Ba5(Mo4Oe)8, Sc0 75Znj 25Mo40 7 and Ti0 5Zn4 5Mo40 7).


This book builds on the form-critical assessment of the Lukan ascension story (Lk 24:50-53; Acts 1:1-12) as a rapture story (Entruckungserzahlung). Luke's terminology to describe Jesus' ascension and the nature of his eschatological activity are clear echoes of the language traditionally used in connection with Elijah. The broad parameters of Luke's rapture Christology (ascension, pentecost, parousia) are fully comprehensible within a 'biblical' context of understanding. The book attempts to read Luke's ascension story through the eyes of a first-century Christian who stands in the OT-Jewish tradition. The sequence of final instructions-rapture-preservation-eschatologieal return model places the Lukan ascension story firmly in the context of the Jewish apocalyptic tradition. Luke has employed the rapture-preservation narration model to highlight the salvation-historical contours of the Jesus kerygma. In contrast to Lohfink, the book finds no reason to charge Luke with having distorted or misunderstood the early apostolic preaching of Jesus' resurrection and exaltation.Keywords: Elijah; exaltation; Jesus' resurrection; Lukan ascension story; OT-Jewish tradition; parousia; rapture Christology; rapture-preservation paradigm


The well-known NP-hard traveling salesman problem (TSP) primarily considers distance as its single objective. However, applications modeled from real world systems repeatedly involve more than one objective giving rise to multi-objective optimization. Fusing ideas of dimension reduction, decomposition approaches, and genetic algorithms, this paper presents a multiobjective minimum matrix search algorithm (MOMMS) for the heuristic resolution of the bi-objective TSP (bTSP). The MOMMS uses dimension reduction to obtain a reduce matrix network that is used to obtain or to approximate the set of efficient solutions. The reduce matrix network aids in the decomposition of a multiobjective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) problem into a single objective combinatorial optimization problem. Moreover, using the reduce matrix network MOMMS introduces a population generator that creates an initial population composed of an approximation to the extreme supported efficient solutions. The MOMMS does not use any numerical parameter. Also, MOMMS uses family competitive metamorphosis and short-term memory selection to maintain population diversity in MOCO problems. The proposed algorithm showed respectable results in testing on well-known benchmark problems of the bTSP. Comparisons are performed with the results of state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature. Moreover, the MOMMS is tested on largescale instances of the bTSP. The computational study shows that the proposed algorithm is able to solve large-scale instances in reasonable time. Therefore, the MOMMS is a competitive tool for solving the bTSP.


The discovery of High Tc superconductivity led to the exploration of current-biased superconducting bolometers cooled with liquid nitrogen and optimized to view 300K backgrounds at wavelengths beyond 10 μm. If such detectors reach the thermal fluctuation noise limit they would be a great improvement over room temperature pyroelectric detectors and thermopiles for many applications. The superconducting detectors fabricated in the 1990's had a number of operational problems, and were typically slow because of the large heat capacity of the materials used .However, voltage-biased (TES) superconducting bolometers operated at low temperatures now show superior operating characteristics and enhanced response speed due to electrothermal feedback. This approach may help higher temperature thermal detectors reach their theoretical potential. We have built and tested a Nb-based TES bolometer cooled with liquid helium at 4.2k. This device is optimized for the background power appropriate for far-infrared spectroscopy at frequencies below 100 cm with a commercial rapid-scan Fourier transform spectrometer. The sensitivity of our TES detector is a factor ~ 10 better than that of a semiconducting bolometer optimized for the same operating temperature, linearity and speed of response. Long wavelength infrared detectors are required for planetary missions which can achieve photon noise limited values of D* when viewing background temperatures of a few hundred K in photometric bandwidths. Since the power, weight, and complexity required to cool infrared detectors increases rapidly with decreasing temperature, there is a need for moderately cooled long wavelength detectors for such missions. Detector arrays with good operating characteristics would significantly improve imaging and spectroscopy, especially of the cooler outer planets. Infrared photon detectors for wavelengths λ<10μm, such as photovoltaic and QWIP devices, function well when cooled to 77K. They are widely used for diffraction limited imaging of sources with T~300K. They typically produce values of D* close to the photon noise limit. Narrower band gaps are required for longer wavelengths. Thermal excitations at 77K then cause significant dark current and seriously degrade the performance of photon detectors. The extrinsic long wavelength photoconductors such as Si:As, Si:Sb, Ge:Ga and stressed Ge:Ga, which are used out to 200μm can be photon noise limited on much cooler sources, but require much lower operating temperatures. The far infrared detectors on SIRTF, for example, are operated from 1.5<T<20K. Bolometric detectors are used for astrophysical applications at longer wavelengths. They are typically cooled to temperatures of 0.3, or even 0.1K Detectors such as room temperature pyroelectric detectors with D~ 3x10 cm Hz W and thermopiles cooled to 170 K with D ~ 3x10cm Hz W are widely used for λ>25μm . These values of D are far below the values required for photon noise limited detection of 300K sources. The discovery of high Tc superconductivity in YBCO with TC=90K, caused considerable excitement in the infrared detector community. Early reports of a novel photon detection mechanism sensitive at 77K proved illusory. There were many studies of a relatively insensitive response with a time constant of a few ns which was excited by pulsed lasers. This was later shown to be the time constant for the thermal response 1 Contact information for P.L. Richards Email: firstname.lastname@example.com of the YBCO film relative to the substrate. The Berkeley group has actively developed superconducting bolometers for many years. This paper summarizes many of these developments. Conventional currentbiased superconducting transition edge bolometers with a heat sink temperature of 77K were proposed by the author and have been built by several groups. A review article by the author describes some of this early work. High film quality proved necessary for the narrow superconducting transitions that gave high responsivity, and especially for low noise. Since heat capacities of most materials at 90K are a substantial fraction of their full high-temperature limit, it is necessary to minimize the thickness of the YBCO film and of the substrate. However, most of the substrates on which high quality superconducting films can be grown are too fragile for thin bolometer substrates. It is difficult to produce high quality films on membranes of Si or low stress silicon oxy-nitride (LSN). Sapphire was frequently chosen as a compromise between strength and film quality. It has the advantage of good thermal conductivity at 90K. Conventional composite bolometers were made using this technology, which gave significantly lower NEP in the far infrared than a 300K pyroelectric detector, but which had significant operational problems . Detectors with thermal conductance G optimized for viewing 300K, had long thermal time constants τ of 100 ms or more because of their high heat capacity. It proved difficult to increase the value of G without adding more heat capacity. The roll-off frequency was close to, or even below the knee of the 1/f noise spectrum. The relatively low impedances of a few hundred Ohms meant that amplified voltage noise was a problem. Antenna-coupled microbolometers were fabricated and tested. The thermal spreading resistance into the substrate from the small YBCO provided a time constant τ ~10s. These YBCO bolometers suffer from the weaknesses common to all current-biased superconducting transition edge bolometers. Because the resistance rises rapidly with T at the operating point on the transition, the power dissipated by the bias PB=IB R also increases with T. This is a positive electro-thermal feedback, which further increases the temperature. To keep the bolometer stable, the bias current IB must be small enough that the effective loop gain of the feedback is less than unity. This requirement limits the detector responsivity and increases the combination of Johnson noise and amplifier noise to the NEP. Both the low TC and high TC versions of this detector require very precise regulations of the bath temperature and have a narrow dynamic range because their operating point (and thus the responsivity) are very sensitive to the level of incident background power. These fundamental features are largely responsible for the fact that current-biased superconducting transition edge bolometers have been rarely used since their introduction in 1942. In 1995, K. Irwin pointed out that the sensitivity of current-biased TES calorimeters for detection of dark matter (or x-ray photons) could be improved if they were biased with a constant voltage. The electrothermal feedback is then negative. It keeps the sum of the infrared power PIR plus the bias power PB=V 2 B/R fixed so that the operating point is stable. This idea was quickly applied to infrared bolometers. The review article on bolometers by the author suffers from the defect that it did not anticipate the importance of voltage-biased devices with large (negative) electrothermal feedback. In hindsight, it is possible to feel foolish. The article did contain the words "in principle, thermal runaway in a superconducting bolometer can be avoided by using a constant voltage bias and measuring the bolometer current." There was also a discussion of SQUID readouts! Electrothermal feedback in a bolometer can be described by the analogy to an operational amplifier with voltage gain A in parallel with a feedback link with voltage gain B. The loop gain of such a circuit is AB. The circuit gain, which describes the ratio of output to input is (1+AB). The current responsivity of a voltage biased TES bolometer, calculated using conservation of energy, can be written SI =VB (1+ + iωτ0), where the bare time constant τ0= C/G for a single node model of the bolometer. The quantity that plays the role of a loop gain is = PB α/GT, where α = TdR/RdT is a dimensionless measure of the steepness of the R(T) curve at the bias point on the transition. The largest values of α and obtainable with a given film can be estimated as follows: If the R(T) curve is fitted to a straight line at its steepest point and the intercepts of this line at R=0 and R=RN are separated by ∆T, then the maximum value of α is ~ TC/∆T. Since about half of the temperature rise TC-TS of a voltage biased TES is due to the bias, PB~G(TCTS)/2, then = G(TC-TS)/2∆T. For a low TC superconductor with a sharp transition, can vary from a few hundred to a few thousand. Smaller values are typical of high TC films. In the large gain limit, >>1, the current responsivity given by SI=-1/VB is independent of changes in the infrared power loading and the heat sink temperature TS. This responsivity rolls off when ωτ0 > , so the single node time constant τ0 is reduced by the loop gain giving an effective τ= τ0 / = C/ G. However, the thermal feedback does not reduce the delay in the conduction of heat from the radiation absorber to the thermistor (called the internal thermal time constant). The voltage biased TES is fast, linear, and the responsivity is stable in the presence of changes in TS or PIR. The output of this detector is the current required to keep PB+ PIR fixed. It is read out with a SQUID ammeter which operates at the bolometer temperature, dissipates very little power, and has large noise margin. With collaborators at Stanford and NIST, the Berkeley Group reported the performance of the first voltage-biased TES bolometer, 8 which was a hot electron device with TC~100mK, published the theory of TES bolometers, 9 pointed out the possible usefulness of high TC TES bolometers , 10 made detailed comparisons between theory and the performance of a test device, 9 fabricated and tested fully lithographed spider-web TES bolometers on LSN membranes , designed and tested mesh absorber-coupled TES bolometers suitable for close packed arrays and fabricated 1024 element closed packed array structures , gave


Historical Background: Since the beginning of the 18 th century, Emotional Intelligence (EI) was a part of the general activity of the brain of human beings, until it became an independent subject in later years. The family is first place where children learn how to deal with each other, through observing parents and siblings, and adults as models, during meetings and exchange of gifts and the expression of love and understanding; children experience and learn emotions (Bhatia, 2012, cited in Katanani & Mas'oud, 2017). Research shows the importance of EI in children by showing the strongest links to conventional cognitive abilities of the four EI components and branches, with meta-analytic estimates ranging from 39 to 42 (Olderbak, Semmler, & Doebler, 2019). Historically, the concept of emotional intelligence as part of human cognition or cognitive activity dates back to the 18 th century, where scientists have divided human cognition into three different sections presented by Rizk as follows: 1Knowledge: this includes brain functions such as memory, thinking, problem solving and decision making. It also includes intelligence. 2Emotion; including feelings, and moods. 3Urges; including instinctive, biological and acquired or learned (Rizk, 2003). In the twenties of the last century Thorndike presented the concept of Social Intelligence, defining it as the ability to understand and manage others to act wisely in human interactions (Goleman, 2000). Significant development after that took place in the research and studies which examined the concept of emotional intelligence, its nature and scale, one of the most important subjects of applied psychology which have occupied researchers and scientists in the academic and educational circles. That was part of the active scientific movement which appeared in the early fifties of the twentieth century and aimed to re-examine the traditional understanding of intelligence or the theory of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) upon which known intelligence tests, both for individuals and groups were based. This theory has had many critics, and has led to the development of new theories and schools of thought which played a big part in the psychological and educational heritage such as the theory of Cognitive Construction (Guilford, 1967), and the theory of Multiple Intelligences by Gardner, which appeared in the early eighties of the last century. In this theory Gardner identified seven different types of intelligence including what he called Interpersonal Intelligence and Intrapersonal intelligence, both linked to the concept of Emotional Intelligence (Gardner, 1983), and also the most recent of these theories which is the theory of Emotional intelligence (Salovey & Mayer, 1990 and Goulman, 1995), and the theory of Successful Intelligence by Sternberg 1996. In actual fact the term "Emotional Intelligence" appeared for the first time in 1985 in the title of an unpublished PhD thesis presented by a post graduate student in the Union Institute in the city of Cincinnati in the American State of Ohio, his name was Waynleon and the research title was: A study of Emotion, Developing Emotional Intelligence; self Integration; relating to fear, pain and desire (Theory, Structure of Reality, Problem Solving, Contradicting, Expansion, Tuning in, come out, letting go). In his research, Waynleon presented a philosophical framework to highlight the nature of Emotional IntelliMJMR, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2020, pages (363-370). Kurdi & Hamdy 364 Emotional Intelligence: What do we know and what is new? gence, and how to develop this in ourselves and in others through education. Ironically, he highlighted the collective suppression of emotions to adapt to the civilised world at the risk of hindering our emotional growth, which causes emotional ignorance leading to significant problems in today's world such as depression, addiction, disease, religious conflicts, violence and wars. The researcher noted that we do this regardless of our motives as a result of having entrenched mistaken beliefs about the nature of emotion and the important role it plays in our life (Elkhader, 2002). In 1990, a comprehensive scientific research titled "Emotional Intelligence" by researchers Mayer and Salovey was published in a well-known periodical. This research introduced Emotional Intelligence as a group of skills which help to accurately evaluate and express emotions, and to manage the emotions of the individual and others, and to use emotions in motivation, planning and achievement; the research also included a discussion of many issues including: historic concepts which talk about intelligence as opposed to emotion, the components of Emotional Intelligence, definitions of Emotion and Mood and how they differ, a review of the educational literature on the traditional understanding of intelligence and Emotional Intelligence in modern psychology. They pointed out that babies and toddlers learn to identify emotions in themselves and in others and distinguish between these emotions through their parents' facial expressions and respond to these at an early age. They also pointed out that emotions serve principal functions including:  Work as an alarm system since birth, whereby babies scream when they need something such as feeding or a change of clothes and laugh in response to other people's smiles.  It indicates to others that significant change is taking place within the individual and his environment.  They formulate and improve thinking as the individual matures through indicating the significant changes in himself or his environment.  Help the individual to predict future events and make the relevant decisions (Salovey, and Mayer, 1990). The two researchers continued to publish articles on "Emotional Intelligence", and developed two scales to measure it, though their work remained within the academic circles and was not widely known elsewhere (Mayer and Salovey, 1993, 1997, 1999). The main credit for making the concept of Emotional Intelligence and its culture widely known, actually belongs to the researcher Daniel Goleman who published his first book in 1995 titled: "Emotional Intelligence" Why could it be more important than IQ? The book gained wide popularity and fame in the academic circles and elsewhere, and five million copies of the book were published. This book opened new horizons and caused something of a revolution in the American culture especially in education and business. He also wrote articles in the New York Times and the Popular Psychology magazine, and then he published his second book titled "Working with Emotional Intelligence" in 1998, which was directed towards the business market and expanded his identifycation of emotional intelligence to include 25 skills and abilities (Elkhader 2002). The key role of emotional intelligence is, understanding and managing emotion in which to consider in terms of EI counselling programs. Three recent metaanalyses on the effectiveness of EI training have reported significant increases in EI, with effect sizes of 45, 46, 51, and 61 (Mattingly & Kraiger, 2019). In 2019, a research by Udemy on 400 L&D leaders classified Emotional Intelligence as one of the rapidest growing soft skills in the workplace (Udemy, 2019). The concept of Emotional Intelligence and its definitions For many researchers and the public, the concept of Intelligence, over the years, was limited to intelligence quotient (IQ) which they considered to be an especially imporMJMR, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2020, pages (363-370). Kurdi & Hamdy 365 Emotional Intelligence: What do we know and what is new? tant part of the individual's adaptability to different life situations. This type of intelligence manifests in educational achievements, situations which need skill such as comprehension, understanding, attention, receiving information, analysing, evidencing, learning, judging, memory and abstract thinking. Within organisations this manifests in the ability to plan, strategic thinking, balancing of choices, making decisions, learning from experiences and so on. Some scientists noticed that IQ, despite its importance in educational achievement, is not enough to succeed in the professional and various social environments, and this is where the need had arisen to look for a new concept of Intelligence which materialised in the shape of "Emotional Intelligence" (Elkhader, 2006). Scientists have addressed this through various definitions such as: (i) The definition of Mayer and Salovey Mayer and Salovey defined Emotional Intelligence as "Organised responses interlinked with many peripheral psychological systems, including physiological, knowledge, motivation and trial systems" (Mayer and Salovey, 1990). In 1993, the two researchers expanded their definition of Emotional Intelligence and considered it "A form of social intelligence which includes the ability to perceive the emotions of the individual and others, to distinguish between them, and to use the emotional information to direct the thinking and actions of the individual" (Mayer and Salovey, 1993). In 1997, Mayer, Caruso and Salovey proposed a definition that "Emotional Intelligence indicates the ability to recognise the meanings of the emotional patterns, and cognitive analysis of this based on which problems are then solved". They also pointed out that Emotional Intelligence is a system of cognitive abilities which has four components:  The ability to comprehend emotions accurately after evaluating and expressing them.  The ability to generate emotions and to reach them, to facilitate thinking.  The ability to understand emotions and emotional knowledge.  The ability to regulate emotions to facilitate cognitive and emotional development (Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 1999). (i) Goleman's definition Goleman defined emotional intelligence as a group of skills and competencies which enable the individual from identifying theirs and other's feelings, and to mo


The purpose of this paper is to report findings related to new product development (NPD) decision making approaches from an ongoing study on NPD management process. The research adopts grounded theory method using interview as the primary data source on sixteen senior managers from six technology-based organizations in Malaysia. Our in- depth discovery study revealed that senior managers apply two astute schemes in making NPD related decisions which signify their decision making competency; "analogizing" and "maneuvering". Analogizing is defined as an approach taken to skillfully make use of some information from one situation in an attempt to understand another situation which is ambiguous but to some degree resembling the former. "Maneuvering" is defined as an approach taken to skillfully shift or override previously decided choices or directions in response to certain influence. We propose a framework of NPD decision making approaches which facilitates theory generation in the area of NPD management. Although the insights from this study are not statistically generalizable, the concepts and proposed framework can analytically reflect similar cases, and also be used for future researches to build on and refine. More importantly, this study brings awareness to NPD management practitioners on the requisites to increase their competency in NPD decision making.


In human-mediated translation scenarios, a human interpreter translates between a source and a target language using either a spoken or a written representation of the source language. In this work the recognition performance on the speech of the human translator spoken in the target language (English) is improved by taking advantage of the source language (Spanish) representations. For this, machine translation techniques are used to translate between the source and target language resources and then bias the target language speech recognizer towards the gained knowledge, hence the name Machine Translation Enhanced Automatic Speech Recognition (MTE-ASR). Different basic MTE-ASR techniques are investigated, namely restricting the search vocabulary, selecting hypotheses from n-best lists and applying cache and interpolation schemes to language modeling. Given a written representation of the source language and with the help of a non-iterative combination of the most successful basic techniques, it was possible to outperform the English baseline ASR system by a relative word error rate reduction of 30.6%. In the case of a spoken source language representation, where a source language ASR has to be used at first to create a further processable written representation, the reduction is still 23.2%. With the help of an iterative system design, which recursively applies the improved ASR output to enhance the involved MT system(s) for a further ASR improvement, it was possible to further increase these word error rate reductions to 37.7% and 29.9% respectively.


The castor oil was prepared using the peroxyacetic acid by catalysis of phosphoric acid.Some factors which had effect on the epoxy value of product,such as reaction time,reaction temperature,the amounts of hydrogen peroxide etc were discussed.The result showed the effects of various parameters as follows:reaction timereaction temperature the amount of acid consumption the amount of hydrogen peroxide catalyst concentration.FI-IR was exploited to characterize the epoxidized castor oil,and then the differences of TG and DTG were compared to examine the thermal stability of epoxidized castor oil.


1. Host HH, Sinacore DR, Bohnert KL, Steger-May K, Brown M, Binder EF. Training-induced strength and functional adaptations after hip fracture. Phys Ther. 2007;87(3):292-303. https://academic-oup-com.une.idm.oclc.org/ptj/article/87/3/292/2742117/TrainingInduced-Strength-and-Functional. Accessed Jun 25, 2017. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20050396. 2. Mangione KK, Palombaro KM. Exercise prescription for a patient 3 months after hip fracture. Phys Ther. 2005;85(7):676-687. https://academic-oup-com.une.idm.oclc.org/ptj/article/85/7/676/2804987/Exercise-Prescription-for-a-Patient-3-Months-After. Accessed Jun 25, 2017. doi: 10.1093/ptj/85.7.676. 3. Paterno MV, Archdeacon MT, Ford KR, Galvin D, Hewett TE. Early rehabilitation following surgical fixation of a femoral shaft fracture. Phys Ther. 2006;86(4):558-572. https://academic-oup-com.une.idm.oclc.org/ptj/article/86/4/558/2805099/Early-RehabilitationFollowing-Surgical-Fixation. Accessed Jun 25, 2017. doi: 10.1093/ptj/86.4.558. Acknowledgements


With comparison theorem and some properties of the matrix norm and the matrix measure under the circumstances of a certain limitation of the numerical value of uncertain matrix of system,the paper provides the stability condition of ecumenic uncertain time-delay system and symmetric combinatorial uncertain time-delay system and also the stability condition of the related time-delay in the condition of symmetric combination.


Personalized learning refers to efforts required to tailor pedagogical approaches in order to meet students' various individualized learning requirements. Learning objectives and instructional content may vary based on learner. Profiles, for example, in the selection of specific learning sequences and assessment methods. Thus, to address these issues, advanced Petri nets (consisting of timed Petri nets (TPNs) and fuzzy Petri nets (FPNs)) are applied to personalize learning. In the following ways. First, the knowledge space theory is used to pretreat several knowledge points. And then, a knowledge structure model based on TPNs is used to calculate students' optimal learning path. Finally, a learning process model based on FPNs is created to ensure that all learners master the specific learning objectives set out in the syllabus. The main advantages of this model are that it imposes a highly organized structure upon learning as well as reducing highly complex knowledge spaces to a set of more compact and easily managed knowledge points.


The invention of the Natural Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducer (NSPUDT) in 1986 by P.V. Wright opened up a possible new class of low-loss Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices. The unidirectionality of the NSPUDT was obtained by using the crystal asymmetry of the substrate to shift the transduction centers to the edges of the electrodes of the 2-finger/wavelength radiating transducer. Since the unidirectional property is inherent to the substrate orientation, all reported working low-loss SAW transversal filters using NSPUDTs have 4-finger/l bidirectional transducers (BDTs) to receive the acoustic energy. These filters still have an inherent loss of 3 dB. This paper reports a new method to reverse the unidirectionality and the successful fabrication of a low-loss SAW transversal filter using two 2-finger/l transducers of the same metallization and metallization thickness on the NSPUDT orientation of quartz


The effect of different salinity levels of irrigation water (EC w range 1-12 dS/m) on dry matter yield, nitrogen uptake, fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (%NUE), stomatal conductance and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ 13 C‰) in three barley genotypes originating from different geographic areas (Arabi.Abiad, Syria; Pk-30-136, Pakistan and WI-2291, Australia) was investigated in a pot experiment. An increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in Δ 13 C in all the genotypes. Increasing salinity reduced leaf stomatal conductance which was less pronounced in WI-2291 comparing to other genotypes. At high salinity level, the reduction in Δ 13 C corresponded to a considerable decrease in the ratio (C i /C a ) of intercellular (C i ) and atmospheric (C a ) partial pressures of CO 2 in all the genotypes indicating that such a decrease was mainly due to the stomatal closure. Moreover, since the reduction in dry matter yield in all the genotypes grown at 12 dS/m did not exceed 50% in comparison with their controls, the photosynthetic apparatus of all studied genotypes seemed to be quit tolerant to salinity. At the moderate salinity level (8dS/m), the enhancement of leaf dry matter yield in the WI2291 genotype might have been due to positive nutritional effects of the salt as indicated by a significant increase in nitrogen uptake and NUE. Thus, the lower C i /C a ratio could result mainly from higher rates of photosynthetic capacity rather than stomatal closure. On the other hand, relationships between dry matter yield or NUE and Δ 13 C seemed to be depending on plant genotype, plant organ and salinity level. Based on growth, nutritional and Δ 13 C data, selection of barley genotypes for saline environments was affected by salinity level. Therefore, such a selection must be achieved for each salinity level under which the plants have been grown.


The aim of this paper is to present some tools that could simplify the design process of step down DC-DC converters. For that, a simple simulation technique based on the Fourier transform, as well as, an experimental technique that can be used to determine the equivalent circuit of the output filter, will be presented.


Actitudes de los docentes frente la inclusion de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales Atitudes dos docentes frente a inclusao de estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais DOI: 10.5294/edu.2018.21.2.2 The main objective of the article is to review specialized publications that deal with the factors that influence the attitudes of teachers, so far during the 21st century, when it comes to including students with special educational needs. At first, the subject is defined or limited by the definition of inclusive education, special educational needs and students with those needs, viewed from the standpoint of Colombian regulations and the position of international organizations. The article then goes on to look at the term attitude and its three main components: cognitive, affective and behavioral, before delving into the seven factors that experts say can influence the attitudes of teachers towards students with special educational needs: namely, responsibility, performance, training and resources, the climate in the classroom, social relationship, emotional development and beliefs. The article concludes with reflections on the potential of teachers, teaching administrators and educational institutions to ensure that inclusion provides the favorable results expected of it in terms of comprehensive education for students.


In this paper, Inconsistent Self-adaptive Genetic Algorithm is presented. It applies an adaptive genetic algorithm based on ranking to count the probabilities of genetic operators, then the inconsistent self-adaptive operator is used to count the mutation quantum, which makes the evaluation system more efficient in searching the whole optimum by attaching the search area to the evaluating generations and the quality of genes. Simulation results show the efficiency of this algorithm.


An autoinjector comprises a first chamber40for containing a dry component of a medicament; a second chamber50for containing a wet component of a medicament; an axially-slidable stopper41intermediate said first and second chambers40, 50;an injection needle32in fluid communication with said first chamber40;and a transfer needle51initially disposed axially forward of said stopper41,the transfer needle51having a longitudinal axial bore there through, a closed forward or proximal end, an open rear or distal end and a radial aperture intermediate said proximal and distal ends and in fluid communication with said longitudinal axial bore; wherein said transfer needle51is capable of penetrating said stopper41to establish fluid communication between said first and second chambers40, 50via said bore and radial aperture to enable said wet component to mix with said dry component and wherein said injection needle32is capable of delivering the mixed dry and wet components of the medicament to an injection site. The injection needle32may be radially offset relative to the transfer needle or the needles may be formed from a single construction100.


Most of waste plaster board, which contains gypsum has been buried in the landfill. However, this treatment of waste gypsum board is becoming a serious problem due to lack of landfill capacity, and secondary pollution by toxic substance. In this study, we focused a recycle of calcium resources as CaO or CaS from the waste gypsum, and developed a reduction process of the gypsum using plastics at high temperature. Reduction behavior of CaSO4 by Polyethylene at temperature from 1273 to 1573K was studied with gravimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. From the experimental results, we found that increasing CaSO4-CH2 gas interface tend to advance the reduction of CaSO4. Furthermore, direct formation of CaS from CaSO4 was observed only at temperature of 1273K without an intermediate compounds stage, and the reduction sequence was CaSO4→CaO→CaS at temperatures higher than 1373K. Finally, the sequence of reduction process for CaSO4 was discussed on the potential diagram of the Ca-S2-O2 system.


We consistently reduce the equations of motion for the bosonic N = 2 supergravity action, using a multi-centered black hole ansatz for the metric. This reduction is done in a general, non-supersymmetric setup, in which we extend concepts of BPS black hole technology. First we obtain a more general form of the black hole potential, as part of an effective action for both the scalars and the vectors in the supergravity theory. Furthermore, we show that there are extra constraints specifying the solution, which we calculate explicitly. In the literature, these constraints have already been studied in the one-center case. We also show that the effective action we obtain for non-static metrics can be linked to the 'entropy function' for the spherically symmetric case, as defined by Sen (2005 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP09(2005)038) and Cardoso et al (2007 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP03(2007)085).


The purposes of this study were to examine the (a) attentional focus strategies used by high school distance runners, (b) changes in attentional focus across four laps in three 1.6 km runs, and (c) effects of a pre-performance intervention using motivational and instructional self talk on the attentional focus strategies used by and performance of high school distance runners. Participants (N = 42) completed a background and demographic questionnaire, the Cross Country Attentional Focus Inventory (CCAFI), a motivational and instructional statement survey, and the Self-Motivation Inventory. A series of oneway ANOVAs revealed significant differences in the types of attentional strategies used by each group, as well as fluctuations in use of strategies. The experimental group associated more during the each of the 1.6 km trials, whereas the control group dissociated more throughout each trial. A significant group by week interaction was found, with the experimental group maintaining their performance and the control group slowing from week one to week three.


This paper discusses the general communications and input/output switching problems in a large-scale multiplexed computing system. A basic goal of such a computing system is to serve simultaneously and continuously a wide range and large number of users. By rapidly time-multiplexing the use of computer system facilities on behalf of these users, the system attempts to satisfy the completion time and response time desires of both the on-line interactive user and the absentee user.


This paper provides a case study of Beijing metropolitan area to explore the relationship between employment and residential locations.With data from the second national census of basic units of Beijing and the fifth population census of Beijing,the authors construct geography data base on the platform of geography information system software so as to reveal the spatial distributions of employment and living sites.Based on that,they identify employment centers and living centers,aiming at evaluating the local balances between employment and residential sites.According to different dividing standards,9 high-density employment centers,4 employment sub-centers and 6 employment intensive areas are identified with tools of grid analysis in GIS.The driving forces of these employment centers are complicated,but urban plan and the allocation of large scale corporations,industrial parks and government offices might exert a tremendous influence.Despite of lack of accurate living sites data,the authors have taken data of streets from the fifth population census of Beijing instead to identify residential centers.12 high-density residential centers in inner city,4 residential sub-centers in suburbs and 6 residential sub-centers in outer suburbs are picked out respectively.The residential spatial structure is affected greatly by living suburbanization and land transfer market.Conclusion comes that employment centers are more concentrated than residential centers in inner city,and the employment centers are separated from residential centers to a great extent.When coming to the spatial organization of two functions,the authors adopt index of jobs-housing balance to evaluate the local balances between employment and residential sites.Jobs are surplus compared to local living workers in inner city and residents are surplus compared with local employment opportunities in surrounding area.Index of jobs-housing balance goes down along with rising distances away from urban center.Both on district scale and street scale,spatial structures come into imbalances between employment and residential sites,which has been a highlighted feature for Beijing metropolitan area.


Various methods for proving the termination of term rewriting systems havebeen suggested. Most of them are based on the notion of simplification ordering.In this paper, the theoretical time complexities (of the worst cases) of a collectionof well-known simplification orderings will be presented.


In order to more accurately simulate the strong neutronics physical and thermal-hydraulic coupling phenomenon in a typical PWR, ARMcc (a software for the physical thermal coupling calculation of PWR core) is developed. In the ARMcc, the physical calculation module is based on the fourth-order nodal expansion method (NEM) and nodal Green's function method (NGFM), the thermal-hydraulic calculation module is based on one-dimensional single-phase single channel heat transfer model and one-dimensional cylinder heat conduction calculation model, and the finite volume method (FVM) and finite difference method (FDM) are used to solve one-dimensional cylinder heat conduction model in the program. Based on the typical PWR benchmark NEACRP-L-335, the steady-state coupling calculation ability of the program is verified. The key parameters of the core calculated by the program, such as critical boron concentration and core Doppler temperature, are in good agreement with the reference results. The deviation between the critical boron concentration and the reference results is less than 5 ‰. In addition, the influence of four calculation modes on the simulation of core physical thermal coupling process is studied, and the results of PARCS program are selected as reference. It is found that NGFM + FDM calculation mode can more accurately simulate the core fuel Doppler temperature, core outlet coolant temperature and core power distribution; NEM + FVM can more accurately simulate the core fuel maximum temperature.


We studied the dc conductivity of low-density polyethylene in the temperature range from 20 to 90 °C for electric fields from 4 kV m−1 to 20 MV m−1. The isochronal data measured after 1 h are in agreement with the literature. For a long time (6 days), the conduction mechanism is dominated by the space charge trapped in the material. The current does not attain a steady-state value after 29 days at 50 °C and 8 MV m−1. It oscillates continuously, the variations are less regular and the conductivity decreases significantly as the sample thickness increases. The activation energy decreases from 0.8 to 0.58 eV when determined from long time measurements. An explanation is proposed considering the constraints imposed by the trapped space charge on charge injection and transport. We propose to call the observed mechanism space-charge-controlled conductivity.We studied the dc conductivity of low-density polyethylene in the temperature range from 20 to 90 °C for electric fields from 4 kV m−1 to 20 MV m−1. The isochronal data measured after 1 h are in agreement with the literature. For a long time (6 days), the conduction mechanism is dominated by the space charge trapped in the material. The current does not attain a steady-state value after 29 days at 50 °C and 8 MV m−1. It oscillates continuously, the variations are less regular and the conductivity decreases significantly as the sample thickness increases. The activation energy decreases from 0.8 to 0.58 eV when determined from long time measurements. An explanation is proposed considering the constraints imposed by the trapped space charge on charge injection and transport. We propose to call the observed mechanism space-charge-controlled conductivity.


REVIEW QUESTION
The question of this review is: what is the adherence to the use of activity monitoring devices or applications to improve physical activity in adults with cardiovascular disease?Specifically, the review objectives are.


Based on the clinical experience obtained over a five-year-period studying more than 500 cases, the present state of the problem of tympanic transplants is defined. It is emphasized that in such implants the collagenous fibers are dead and the fibrocytes progressively loosened during the preservation in 2-(ethylmercurithio) -5-benzoxazolcarboxylic acid (Cialit). For this reason these grafts are immunologically inert. From a review of the different ways to improve the results, it appears that better results can be obtained by larger covering of the graft or by an increase of the tensile strength of the graft. It is concluded that in addition to restoring tympanic membranes and giving a new superstructure to a deficient ear drum, the main advantage of the technique is that ossicles can be implanted in a very satisfactory way.


Objective:To provide a basis for further mechanisms study,as well as for the development of a new strategy for prevention and therapy in lung cancer.Methods: Immunohistochemisty technology was applied to observe the expression of PTPN13 and FAK in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues.Results: The positive expression rate of PTPN13 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was negatively associated with clinical stages,histodifferentiation and lymphatic metastasis(P0.05).The positive expression rate of FAK in lung squamous cell carcinoma was positively associated with clinical stages,histodifferentiation and lymphatic metastasis(P0.05).There was negative correlation between PTPN13 and FAK in lung squamous cell carcinoma(P0.05).Conclusion: PTPN13 gene may be a tumor suppressor gene related with the carcinogenesis as well as the invasion and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma.In the function of PTPN13 gene as a tumor suppressor gene in the carcinogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma,FAK gene phosphorylation may play important role.


This unique Lima bean recipe will surprise you. The Roasted Japanese Sesame Oil imparts a wonderful flavor. This is not like any Lima bean recipe you've ever had.


Abstract Introduction Bevacizumab has been applied clinically to advanced and recurrent cervical cancer, after showing improved overall survival in the GOG 240 trial. We report two cases of patients with recurrent cervical cancer who showed remarkable decrease in pleural effusion by chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab. Case 1 A 41-year-old patient with stage IIB cervical adenocarcinoma who presented with cervical carcinoma recurrence in the lung and paraaortic/ supraclavicular lymph nodes after primary treatments with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), total hysterectomy, and paclitaxel-carboplatin (TC) therapy. As symptomatic pleural effusion emerged after irinotecan-cisplatin therapy and radiotherapy, paclitaxel-cisplatin-bevacizumab (Pac-Cis-Bev) was administered and relieved the pleural effusion promptly and the respiratory distress and back pain symptoms over 13 months. Case 2 The second case involved a 53-year-old patient with stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who had a pulmonary recurrence following treatment with CCRT. As pleural effusion emerged at the end of the six-month drug holiday, after a total of 21 cycles of TC or Pac-Cis-Bev therapy to treat the recurrence, topotecan-paclitaxel-bevacizumab (Topo-Pac-Bev) was administered. Respiratory distress was relieved in two weeks, and the pleural effusion disappeared almost completely after two months. The patient received 12 cycles of Topo-Pac-Bev, in total. Conclusion The present two patients have survived over three years, without problematic symptoms, after pulmonary recurrences with pleural effusion, despite that the three-year survival rate for recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer has been reported to be less than 5% without bevacizumab therapy. Chemotherapies that contain bevacizumab present promising regimens for recurrent cases with pleural effusion, despite the uncommon risks of bladder-vaginal or recto-vaginal fistulas.


The use and appreciation of the Dutch army motorcyclists' clothing package was evaluated by means of questionnaires. The emphasis of the questionnaire was put on jacket and trousers, helmet, boots, and gloves. Forty-five questionnaires were filled in by personnel of the army drivers training centre, ordnance troops, and by the military police. Accident statistics for Dutch army motorcyclists were analysed in order to estimate their accident risk. This analysis showed that both accident risk and risk for injuries were quite high. Concerning the motorcyclists' clothing, a vast number of complaints were registered. In perspective of the clothing design, most complaints should be considered valid. The main points of positive and negative characteristics of the clothing mentioned in the responses were: (1) The temperature range of the clothing is too limited; (2) Gloves are too warm for summer and a bit too cold in winter; (3) Design and sizing of the gloves are quite bad; and (4) the helmet (FM type) is bad with respect to sizing and attachment of the visor. The BMW helmet seems to function well. Integration of passive safety (visibility, injury protection) directly into the motorcyclists' clothing is advisable, considering their safety risk. (A)


Welcome to Design Tips! This article will examine how to minimize the inductance associated with mounting decoupling capacitors to power/ground-reference planes. The configuration can have a significant impact on the apparent inductance. The total number of capacitors can be reduced with careful configuration control!


Current dental practice has been emphasizing more on (1) early diagnosis and prevention of common oral diseases and (2) to conserve tooth structure as much as possible during restorative procedures. Thus atraumatic and non invasive treatment modalities have been the key thrust in dentistry today. Keeping in mind the tremendous potential of optical technology to provide high sensitive tissue information non-invasively, and the ability to induce localized and specific tissue changes, photodynamic therapy should be the foremost technology to embrace for advancement in dentistry. Although mechanical removal of the periodontal pathogens is the current gold standard of treatment, antibiotics are also known to be effective. However, development of resistance in the target organisms is a problem associated with the use of such drugs. The use of photoactivatable compounds or photosensitizers (PS) to cause photodestruction of oral bacteria has been demonstrated, indicating that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be a useful alternative to mechanical means as well as antibiotics in eliminating periopathogenic bacteria. Keeping this in consideration this review mainly focuses on the application of photodynamic technology as antimicrobial agent in adjunct to the routine oral prophylaxis around the natural dentition as well as implant prosthesis.


Closed-form expressions for the turbulent mean reaction rate and its covariance with the temperature are derived for premixed and non-premixed combustion. The limit of large activation energies is exploited for a chemical reaction rate that, by virtue of coupling functions, depends on the mixture fraction and a non-equilibrium progress variable only. The probability density function (p.d.f.) formulation with an assumed shape of the p.d.f. is used; a beta-function distribution is assumed for the progress variable. The mean reaction rate is expressed in terms of the mean and the variance of the temperature and, for non-premixed combustion, of the mixture fraction. The reaction kinetics are represented by the non-dimensional activation energy and the laminar flame velocity. For non-premixed systems the possibility of local extinction by flame stretch is considered.


We propose a new ectopic beat correction algorithm for Heart Rate Variability (HRV) that is based on the Integral Pulse Frequency Modulation (IPFM) model. The model is used to infer the modulation signal that has generated the beats surrounding the ectopic beat. The ectopic beat is then removed and replaced with a normal beat at the time which least disturbs the rhythm identified with the IPFM model. We test the performance of the technique by removing simulated ectopy from real heart rate data from human subjects using a number of previously published correction techniques as well as our own. We show that our new technique performs significantly better than existing: techniques for low and high levels of ectopy.


Leadership is an important part of management that is planning and organizing. The leader is essentially a person who has the ability to influence the behavior of others in his work by using power. the role of the principal is very important and determines where each activity involving the school is inseparable from the supervision of the principal. The principal must be wise and fair in making every decision. This article uses the literature method by reviewing and analyzing reading material and then concluding the results of the analysis.


Objective: To study the conditions and parameters of purifying total flavonoids from L.dunnii with AB-8 macroporous resin and to compare with antioxidant ability before and after being purified.Method:Some factors which effected purification in static and dynamic adsorptions were studied.Furthermore,the antioxidant ability were also determined.Result:The concentration of the sample solution was 0.3 mg/mL.In static adsorption,the effects were preferable when temperature was at 20~40 ℃ and pH value was 4~5 and using 70% ethanol as desorption reagent. In dynamic adsorption,pH value of sample solution was 4~5 and flowing rate of loading was 0.5~1.0 mL/min. Using 70%~90% ethanol and 0.5~1.5 mL/min flow rate,the eluting effect was good.The clearance rates of 0.12 mg/mL refined flavonoid powder and crude flavonoid powder were 78.43% and 29.25% respectively.The inhibitory rates to pyrogallol autoxidation of 0.375 mg/mL crude flavonoid powde and refined flavonoid powder were 98.49% and 63.02% respectively.Conclusion:AB-8 macroporous resin had an excellent purification effect to crude flavonoid of Lespeda dunnii.The purity and antioxidant abbility were improved remarkably.


With the development of the Internet shopping more and more customers use the internet open market. In fact not only the Korean but also the foreigners gradually start to use the Internet open market in Korea. However, there are the differences of culture, language, lifestyle, habits between Korean and Chinese customers. The purpose of this study is to find out the difference of the effect on the repurchase intention of Korean and Chinese customers by service quality on the Internet open market. This article induced service quality standard of Internet open market in the five aspects such as information, transaction, design, communication and security by using measuring items of e-SERVQUAL revealed in prior. And the entertainment which are considered important by customers has been added to this study. In the result of this study, first, the factors of information, transaction, security and entertainment affect the satisfaction of Korean and Chinese customers. Second, the satisfaction affects on the repurchase intention of Korean and Chinese customers. Third, the factor of design doesn"t affect the satisfaction of Korean customers, and the factor of communication doesn"t affect the satisfaction of Chinese customers. Fourth, the influence of communication is different between Korean and Chinese customers. The result of study will provide practical implications on the local Internet open market for Korean and Chinese customers.


Renewal in an educational institution is a necessity, this is because educational institutions follow the times and the needs of an increasingly new era without reducing educational values. Reform cannot be separated from policy, there will be the right policy and the concept of reform through proper analysis, monitoring of policy implementation, and policy evaluation. The reform policy in Islamic boarding schools will present the ideals of modernizing Islamic boarding schools without losing the values of Islamic boarding schools. The method used uses a qualitative methodology with a library research approach, examining related references. According to Dede Rosyada, the functions of the pesantren are divided into two, the first is the functionalism model and the structuralism model, where in functionalism formal schools are included, such as madrasas or secondary schools and equivalent, then the structuralism function includes the development of student skills, such as agricultural skills, automation and so on.


2506 Background: Based on a prior study (Lee et al, J Clin Oncol 19: 3836 2001), we attempted to augment immune responses to defined melanoma antigens with IL-12 and/or GM-CSF added to a multi-peptide vaccine. Methods: Sixty patients with high-risk resected stages IIC/III and IV melanoma in an ongoing study were randomly allocated to receive melanoma peptides gp100 209–217 (210M), MART-1 26–35 (27L), and tyrosinase 368–376 (370D) with adjuvant Montanide ISA 51 and either: IL-12 at 30 ng/kg, with alum, (group A) IL-12 at 100 ng/kg with alum (group B), or IL-12 at 30 ng/kg with 250 mcg of GM-CSF (group C). Vaccinations were given subcutaneously every other week four times, then every four weeks three times, then eight weeks later, then again six months later for nine total injections. Results: Median age was 50, with 35 males and 25 females; 3 patients had stage IIC, 49 stage III and 8 stage IV melanoma. One patient had grade III colitis and discontinued therapy with resolution of symptoms; one patient had ...


The fundamental right to work in decent conditions has suffered great blows; Every time, countless companies from the private sector and even from the official sector, which try to minimize this right, disguise the relationships and the work contract in figures such as the contract for the rendering of services of a purely civil nature, and the figure of workers on mission or temporary employees. In 2014 the international trade union confederation determined that Colombia is one of the countries that offers the worst working conditions, being at the level of China and being surpassed by Haiti. Currently, this report is not far from reality, because at a national level there are still phenomena such as informality, which according to information from DANE, is at 66.7%, in relation to 2016 which ended with a rate of 58.1%, a fact that increases the violation of health and social security rights, the vital and mobile minimum, and all types of discrimination on the occasion of sexual orientation, racial or ethnic descent, gender and when the workers suffer from some type of disability or are in conditions that put them at a disadvantage compared to other workers. The reinforced occupational stability in Colombia stands as that legal institution that protects the right to work of those workers who are in a condition of disability or physical limitation, women in a state of pregnancy and in the period of lactation, as well as for couples of women in a state of pregnancy and workers covered by the so-called union immunity. The present investigation is of a socio-legal nature, given that it seeks to build, through jurisprudential analysis, the importance of the fundamental rights to work, to the vital minimum, to the special protection of working women in pregnancy or breastfeeding, as the fact to analyze the criteria developed by the jurisprudence for its real and effective protection. Likewise, it complies with the guidelines and characteristics of a project of legal hermeneutic nature, since one of its main objectives is the analysis of the jurisprudence that revolve around the reinforced occupational stability in Colombia. Within the results of the project, the constitutional court in the place of review of guardianship has been advanced in relation to the protection of the working mother in a state of pregnancy and lactation, and in this sense she has made decisions that protect the rights constitutional derivatives of this institution. In 2013, the Constitutional Court has unified its jurisprudence with SU-070, which established a series of rules in relation to the various forms of workers such as the employment contract in its different modalities, the contract for the provision of services, among others; as well as established the factic budgets that can be presented in the specific cases, for this way you order the respective protection measures. SU-070/2013 became a beacon that even now serves as a guide for the resolution of conflicts in the case of the reinforced occupational stability of working women in a pregnant state. On the other hand, in the year 2018 the court constitution with the SU-075 decided to partially modify the precedent established from SU-070/2013 and denied the protection of the rights derived from this institution when the employer has not had knowledge of the worker's pregnancy status at the time of dismissal.


MULTICULTURAL and cross-cultural ccunseling has made tremendous inroads within the past two decades, yet much still needs to be done especially in the area of integrating theory, research and counseling techniques. This paper addresses the issue of Indian counseling, attempting to link contemporary counseling techniques with unique Indian cultural attributes. Two native American groups are used in illustrating this phenomenon-the Cherokees and Plains Sioux. The former was selected because it represents both a matrilineal and horticultural a,boriginal culture while the latter reflects both a patriarchial and nomadic aboriginal lifestyle.


PHOTOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL IMAGING Taylor and Francis CJAU_A_338451.sgm 10.1080/17453050802382847 Journal of Visual Co munication in Medicine 745-3 54 (pri t)/1745-3062 (online) Original Art cle 2 08 & Francis 0 0002008 FrankH rtles h rt es@ca diff.ac.uk FORENSIC IMAGING