Contrastive learning has been the dominant approach to training dense retrieval models. In this work, we investigate the impact of ranking context - an often overlooked aspect of learning dense retrieval models. In particular, we examine the effect of its constituent parts: jointly scoring a large number of negatives per query, using retrieved (query-specific) instead of random negatives, and a fully list-wise loss.To incorporate these factors into training, we introduce Contextual Document Embedding Reranking (CODER), a highly efficient retrieval framework. When reranking, it incurs only a negligible computational overhead on top of a first-stage method at run time (approx. 5 ms delay per query), allowing it to be easily combined with any state-of-the-art dual encoder method. Models trained through CODER can also be used as stand-alone retrievers.Evaluating CODER in a large set of experiments on the MS MARCO and TripClick collections, we show that the contextual reranking of precomputed document embeddings leads to a significant improvement in retrieval performance. This improvement becomes even more pronounced when more relevance information per query is available, shown in the TripClick collection, where we establish new state-of-the-art results by a large margin.


Abstract : Fatigue crack closure behavior in 2024-T3 aluminum alloy was investigated using a laser interferometry method developed in this investigation and an 'Elber' type displacement gage. The crack closure results using the two measurement methods are compared for constant amplitude loading. The displacement gage was also used to measure the crack closure behavior following selected overload/underload sequences. These results are compared with an inverse technique. The measurement methods and equipment are described and the crack closure results are presented. (Author)


Generally, the result of clustering cannot reflect the similarities of time series properly because of the disturbance of noises and details in time series. In this paper, a new approach to this problem based on wavelet decomposition and denoising is proposed. The approach has been tested and analyzed by Synthetic Control Chart Time Series from University of California,Irvine (UCI) knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).


The fire protection of storage tanks of vegetable oil hasn't been designed with complete theory in our country yet. The storage tanks of vegetable oil have little potential fire and relatively little harmful hazard, and low requirement of design. Nevertheless, the fire-fighting requirements are very stringent. This paper give innovative proposition to the design for fire protection of vegetable oil in tanks, and it is decided not to adopt the fire-fighting cooling water system. Accorded to the characteristic of the vegetable oil itself, it is put forward designing parameter of foam fire-fighting system about fire protection designing of tanks of vegetable oil, which belongs to class C flammable liquid, compared with fire-fighting designing requirement of class A, class B flammable liquid.


Despite the wealth of data produced by previous and current Earth Observation platforms feeding climate models, weather forecasts, disaster monitoring services and countless other applications, the public still lacks the ability to access a live, true colour, global view of our planet, and nudge them towards a realisation of its fragility. The ideas behind commercialization of Earth photography from space has long been dominated by the analytical value of the imagery. What specific knowledge and actionable intelligence can be garnered from these evermore frequent revisits of the planet's surface? How can I find a market for this analysis? However, what is rarely considered is what is the educational value of the imagery? As students and children become more aware of our several decades of advance in viewing our current planetary state, we should find mechanisms which serve their curiosity, helping to satisfy our children's simple quest to explore and learn more about what they are seeing. The following study describes the reasons why current GEO and LEO observation platforms are inadequate to provide truly global RGB coverage on an update time-scale of 5-min and proposes an alternative, low-cost, GEO + Molniya 3U CubeSat constellation to perform such an application.


A general approach to the formulation and solution of the multi-parameter inverse problems of atmospheric remote sensing with measurements and constraints of different types is considered, which is based on the concept of the presentation of constraints as virtual measurements of finite accuracy. The advantages of the approach are (1) the possibility to account for all kinds of available information (remote and in situ measurements, physical constraints, model predictions); (2) the unified description of different measurements, a priori information and constraints in the retrieval algorithm; (3) the possibility to use measurements and a priori information of different types in any combination and to assess individual contributions to information content. The approach can be considered as a convenient tool for implementation of different synergistic remote-sensing schemes and for utilization of maximum available information on sought parameters for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of atmospheric remote sensing and providing self-consistency of sets of retrieved parameters. The known formulae for degrees of freedom for signal, averaging kernels, error components, and parameters describing spatial resolution are generalized to the case of multiple sought variables, measurements, and constraints, and the peculiar features of such generalization are discussed. The example is given of the application of the approach to the interpretation of the middle atmosphere limb infrared radiance data obtained in CRISTA (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere) experiments with special emphasis on the constraints describing coupling of the parameters due to physical processes.


There is a steadily increasing demand for steel grades with increased nitrogen content in a certain range. Nitrogen is an important alloying element and it has a beneficial effect on mechanical and corrosion properties of stainless steel. Increased nitrogen content has a positive effect on the increasing of the pitting resistance equivalent in case of duplex stainless steels. Nitrogen can also substitute expensive nickel that strongly supports its use. There are several ways to increase nitrogen content in the steel. One of the most used ways is the nitrogen gas injection in the ladle. Solubility of nitrogen is significantly influenced by the chemical composition of the steel. However, due to nitrogen enrichment in the remaining liquid, gas pores can be formed during solidification of nitrogen-rich stainless steels. This article describes the results obtained during production of high nitrogen steels at steel plant VITKOVICE HEAVY MACHINERY a.s., mainly during production of martensitic 9% chromium steels and super duplex stainless steels.


This paper establishes a game model of securities supervision between issuer and supervisor,then analyzes their optimum strategy at equilibrium,and provide some method to depress information cheating level.I compares these two issuing supervision system through information cheating level and the equilibrium social welfare loss.We conclude that when law is complete,investor is mature,information cost is high and issuer is high quality,issuing registration is the best selection.


Thank you very much for downloading rational behavior and bargaining equilibrium in games and social situations. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this rational behavior and bargaining equilibrium in games and social situations, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


We see and we say—but how do we see, and how do we say? No doubt we speak in body language. Bookstores carry shelves of self-help books on how to interpret each other's stance and movement, how to recognize welcome, rejection, seduction, disgust, threat, and fear. The claims are exaggerated, but not without commonsense substance and a possible neuroanatomic basis. Chimpanzees, although they have little to say, have a remarkably pronounced "language center," the planum temporale of the left brain; it is larger than the planum temporale of the human. A reasonable explanation is that it subserves a language of gesture and movement (Blakeslee 1998). There are thyroidologists who assert that we would still be grunting and gesturing, stuck in the Neanderthal period, if not for the mutation that allowed the thyroid to actively trap iodide (Carrasco 1999). Nephrologists and pulmonologists also probably have their favorite mutations of progress, but D. B.


Norman Mailer's journalism has been justifiably lauded for its perspicacity, breadth of vision, and daring use of novelistic techniques. In the fracas surrounding the so-called "New Journalism" in the 1960s and 1970s, and the debates arguing the distinction between fiction and nonfiction, objectivity and subjectivity, what has been overlooked is Mailer's accomplishment in the context of American journalism history. With the publication of the Pulitzer Prize- and National Book Award-winning The Armies of the Night in 1968, his account of the previous autumn's March on the Pentagon, Mailer restored to American literature the tradition of personal journalism exemplified in the eighteenth-century pamphleteering of "Peter Porcupine" Cobbett, in Mark Twain's journalism on the Mississippi and in California, and in the work of the muckrakers and H. L. Mencken. Mailer's most significant, lasting and influential work may in fact be his journalism, particularly his early journalism. What first strikes a journalism historian in Mailer's nonfiction is the virtuosic uses to which he puts the oral tradition--fittingly enough, since the oral, exclamatory style goes back to the very origins of news: one person telling another what has happened. Everyday American speech has been part of American literature and journalism since the days of the early Republic and the frontier, of course. The Southwestern humorists relied on dialect for their rollicking effects, as did that gifted lecturer Mark Twain, who actually read his work out loud as he was writing and made sure that his readers listened: in the prefatory note to Huckleberry Finn, for example, Twain enumerates the six dialects he has "painstakingly" used in the novel. Twain, who began his writing life as a journalist, was revered by the most important American journalist of the first half of the twentieth century, Mailer's predecessor H. L. Mencken. (1) Mencken developed Twain's colloquial style by using American vernacular without quotation marks, by not relegating it exclusively to comic characters' speeches or first-person narrators. Rather, Mencken used slang straight in his essays, for exposition, thereby making dialect literary. Norman Mailer has managed to go beyond the compassionate Twain and the enraged Mencken: Mailer makes obscene language literary. Profanity in Mailer's work is Mailer's answer to the savageries of the 1960s, just as profanity in the American tall tale, as Kenneth S. Lynn has shown, made it easier for Westerners to face the brutality of frontier life (27). In The Armies of the Night, Mailer contends the real obscenity is not his dirty words, but America's acts in Vietnam: the American corporation executive ... was perfectly capable of burning unseen women and children in the Vietnamese jungles, yet felt a large displeasure and fairly final disapproval at the generous use of obscenity in literature and in public. (49) Thus Mailer's account of a protest against an obscene war inevitably contains obscenities, because obscenity is what his subject demands. The form of any account, as well as its style, according to Mailer, is shaped by the form of the event. Conventional reporting, on the other hand, assumes a reality that can be conveyed adequately by declarative sentences arranged in what journalists call an "inverted pyramid," the standard news story's hierarchical organization. Using as its model a mythical scientist "objectively" observing phenomena in a laboratory, "objective" reporting eliminates the reportorial persona, strips his language of any trace of individuality, distances him from events, and forbids him to participate in the action he covers. The artificial order of the inverted pyramid bespeaks trust in a linear Newtonian universe. Effects follow causes. The dogged rationality of the inverted pyramid rejects digression, ambiguity, qualification, simultaneity, circularity. The epistemological assumption of what Morris Dickstein calls the "cult of objectivity" is that facts are self-explanatory (131). …


The (differential) lateral photoeffect has been used as an imaging technique to study edge channel transport in a two-dimensional electron gas under quantum Hall conditions. By controlling the total number of electrons as well as the gradient in the electron concentration, we are able to image the edge channels. The observed width of the channels is in quantitative agreement with the theoretically predicted compressible and incompressible regions in the integer quantum Hall regime.


This work presents a /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ analog-to-digital converter intended for the sensing stage of a cardiac pacemaker. The realized circuit is a practical example of how design techniques devoted to the realization of integrated circuits operating in low-voltage and low-power environment, can benefit a specific application. Particularly the integration of critical blocks of a pacemaker in a sub-micron technology allows to reduce the implantable device size and its power consumption. The /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ converter has been integrated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and dissipates less than 2.2 /spl mu/W when operated at 1.8 V. According to measurement results, the converter has a DR larger than 50 dB, and has an accuracy of 8-bit with DNL and INL both within /spl plusmn/half LSB. The chip area is below 1 min.


A number of studies in the west indicate a relationship between music listening preferences, personality and gender. The literature, which is reviewed here found no such study in the Indian context. Therefore, the present study was conducted on 445 under- and post- graduate students of Amity University, Lucknow Campus. The study examined the basic underlying dimensions of music preferences, the links between music preferences and Big-Five personality characteristics, and gender differences in music preferences. The factor analysis revealed the presence of five major factors named as – Intense and Electronic; Devotional and Cultural; Emotional and Melodious; Spiritual and Reflective; and Contemporary and Rhythmic, underlying the 23 genres. Results showed that except for contemporary and rhythmic dimensions of music preference, all other music preference styles were related to one or the other personality dimensions (for example, intense and electronic music preference is significantly and positively correlated with openness and negatively correlated with agreeableness personality dimensions). Further, gender differences in music preferences were also found. Boys tend to listen to Devotional and Cultural songs more than girls, whereas, girls enjoy listening to Emotional and Melodious songs more than boys.


Abstract Upslope-enhanced snowfall events during periods of northwesterly flow in the southern Appalachians have been recognized as a significant winter forecasting problem for some time. However, only in recent years has this problem received noteworthy attention by both the academic and operational communities. The complex meteorology of these events includes significant topographic influences, as well as a linkage between the upstream Great Lakes and resultant southern Appalachian snowfall. A unique collaborative team has recently formed, working toward the goals of improving the physical understanding of the mechanisms at work in these events and developing more accurate forecasts and more detailed climatologies. The literature shows only limited attention to this problem through the 1990s. However, with modernization of the National Weather Service (NWS) in the mid-1990s came opportunities to bring more attention to new or poorly understood forecast problems. These opportunities included the establis...


The stability analysis of a beam‐plasma filled waveguide presented previously will be extended to include radial beam geometry effects and azimuthal magnetic self‐field effects. Here, the dispersion equations cannot be solved analytically, therefore, the equations must be integrated numerically. Because boundary conditions are specified at both r=0 and r=Rw (i.e., at the conducting wall), this is a two‐point boundary value problem and solutions are sought using a generalized shooting method. This shooting technique is described and then used to solve the fully electromagnetic linear dispersion equations, in order to investigate radial beam geometry effects and azimuthal magnetic self‐field effects on the wave and stability properties of a bounded beam‐plasma system immersed in an applied axial magnetic field.


To the Editor: Biallelic inheritance of MYH (MIM 604933) defects has been consistently shown to increase risk of colorectal disease (MIM 608456) in a number of different populations.1–3 However, the increase in risk due to monoallelic inheritance is still under debate. Croitoru et al.2 alluded to a monoallelic effect, presenting indirect evidence of nonrandom loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type alleles in tumors of heterozygous patients, and they also demonstrated an excess of familial clustering of disease in these patients. Our previously published data3 suggested a monoallelic effect, which was statistically significant only for later-onset disease. Rather than a "data-dredging" exercise, the rationale for the analysis of age subgroups was our a priori hypothesis of an age effect. We conducted significance testing by permutation tests, because empirical significance levels are generally considered to be more robust to violations of the underlying statistical assumptions than are the asymptotic significance levels. However, we recognized that this effect was of borderline statistical significance at the 5% level, and we emphasized that this evidence should be interpreted with caution. We concluded that this preliminary observation merited further study.

Since publication of that work in the Journal,3 we have performed a replication study, using Scottish population-based samples and a meta-analysis of all published case-control MUTYH association studies, and this work was recently published.4 The pooled results confirmed the reported biallelic effect and gave more-precise estimates of the associated risk. However, we again observed a monoallelic effect of borderline statistical significance (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.61). These findings are comparable to those of the meta-analysis presented by Webb et al.,5 with additional primary data from English samples, although their analysis fails to achieve statistical significance at the 5% level (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.99–1.60). The overall lack of association with the MUTYH gene in the Webb study is in contrast to the other two large association studies with >1,000 cases and controls.2,3 Similarly, the results of the kin-cohort study performed by Webb et al.5 is in contrast to the published work of Jenkins et al.,6 who demonstrated a threefold increase in risk for monoallelic carriers by use of a similar analysis. These differences may be due to study bias and confounding due to imperfect case-control matching, rather than to true population differences.

Overall, we think that the available data support a small monoallelic effect of MYH variants. However, it is clear that meta-analysis is needed to achieve the very large sample sizes required to confirm the small effects that are typical of such variants. A road map for this effort was recently proposed.7 To this end, we have already invited all other seven groups with published case-control data on MYH variants to pool all available data, to address this issue and to investigate evidence of age, sex, or other effects associated with tumor pathology.


A Bronsted acidic ionic liquid (IL), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Omim][HSO4]), was prepared and utilized as the extractant and catalyst to study the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n-decane as the model oil. The effects of the alkyl chain length of the IL cation, temperature, H2O2/DBT molar ratio (O/S), IL/oil mass ratio, initial S-content, and sulfur species on the sulfur removal of the model oil were investigated. Complete removal of DBT was observed by [Omim][HSO4], O/S molar ratio of 5, and IL/oil mass ratio of 1:2 after 70 min at 25 °C. The order of observed oxidizing reactivity for different sulfur species was as follows: DBT > benzothiophene (BT) > thiophene (TH) > 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). The IL could be reused six times without a significant decrease in the desulfurization activity. The kinetics of oxidative desulfurization for DBT by [Omim][HSO4] was found to be pseudo-first-order with an apparent rate constant of 0.0734 min–1 (at 298 K)...


The Lawson criterion is a minimum condition on the product of ion density, ni, and mean residence (confinement) time, ?, of the energetic ions within a reacting plasma if it is to be useful as a source of thermonuclear power. This criterion is a function of temperature, T, and energy recovery efficiency, ? . The curve originally presented by Lawson, for a single efficiency of 1/3, is actually the lower side of a closed contour in the ni , T plane. This is readily generalizable to a cup-like surface in ni , T, ? space. There is a forbidden region within which a steady state reactor cannot operate. The Lawson efficiency, ? , should not be confused with the thermal efficiency of the associated energy conversion device, which may have a lower value. Examples for selected fuel cycles will be given.


Medical images of brain tumors are critical for characterizing the pathology of tumors and early diagnosis. There are multiple modalities for medical images of brain tumors. Fusing the unique features of each modality of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can accurately determine the nature of brain tumors. The current genetic analysis approach is time-consuming and requires surgical extraction of brain tissue samples. Accurate classification of multi-modal brain tumor images can speed up the detection process and alleviate patient suffering. Medical image fusion refers to effectively merging the significant information of multiple source images of the same tissue into one image, which will carry abundant information for diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel attentive deep-learning-based classification model that integrates multi-modal feature aggregation, lite attention mechanism, separable embedding, and modal-wise shortcuts for performance improvement. We evaluate our model on the RSNA-MICCAI dataset, a scenario-specific medical image dataset, and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) by around 3%.


Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) had provide a standard guideline for the companies to strengthen the boards of directors accountabilities and transparent in disclosing their financial information to the shareholders. Numerous studies have been done to studies the relationship between corporate governance and performance but the result still inconclusive. This study aim to identify the effect of moderator proxy by concentration ownership would strengthen the relationship between Board Governance Mechanism Index (BGMI) and performance proxy by Tobin Q of Malaysian companies listed on Bursa Malaysia. Data were gathered from 218 Malaysian public listed companies started from 2009 until 2013 using the STATA in testing the research hypotheses. There were six dimension of corporate governance mechanism index matters were developed in this study by adopting and adapting the Corporate Governance Index and governance scorecard developed by Minority shareholders Watchdog Group (MSWG) in 2009 and 2012 including some of the items selected under the MCCG 2008 and MCCG 2012. The result obtained will determining the existent of ownership concentration would be one of the factors that influence the relationship between corporate governance and performance of Malaysian company.


The analytical calculations of Feynman diagram amplitude are the problems that are always encountered in High Energy Physics;the evaluation of trace operation is a complex problem to theoretical physicists.The problem is more complex either with more Feynman diagrams or number of matrixes over 6.In this paper,FeynCalc tools were introduced which have been developed in recent years of high-energy physics.The work environment of FeynCalc and its operation method were presented here.Then a practical process of trace operation is evaluated based on FeynCalc,the analytical output is consistent with the manual derivation.


Ser11 in rat glutathione transferase T2-2 is important for stabilization of the reactive enzyme-bound glutathione thiolate in the reaction with 1-menaphthyl sulfate. The S11A mutation increased the pK a value for the pH dependence of the rate constant for pre-steady-state product formation, from 5.7 to 7.9. This pH dependence is proposed to reflect titration of enzyme-bound glutathione thiol. Further, the mutation lowered the k cat value but not because of the impaired stabilization of the glutathione thiolate. In fact, several steps on the reaction pathway were affected by the S11A mutation, and the cause of the decreased k cat for the mutant was found to be a slower product release. The data presented here contradict the hypothesis that glutathione transferase T2-2 could act as a sulfatase that is not dependent on Ser11 for the catalytic activity, as proposed for the corresponding human enzyme (Tan, K.-L., Chelvanayagam, G., Parker, M. W., and Board, P. G. (1996) Biochem. J. 319, 315–321; Rossjohn, J., McKinstry, W. J., Oakley, A. J., Verger, D., Flanagan, J., Chelvanayagam, G., Tan, K.-L., Board, P. G., and Parker, M. W. (1998) Structure 6, 309–322). On the contrary, Ser11 governs both chemical and physical steps of the catalyzed reaction.


Crommelin Crater is a ~90km impact crater, located at 349.8° E and 5.1° N in Arabia Terra (Mars). This particular region displays a pervasive water and fluid activity fingerprint, made of several sulphate-bearing minerals, recorded both in Arabia and the nearby meridian planum and light albedo fine-layered deposits. These, informally named ELD (equatorial layered deposits [1, 2]) can be found both within craters and in the surrounding plateaus, and can range from 10 m to more than 1 km of thickness [1]. Indeed, several km-thick bulges made by ELDs can be seen within several craters of Arabia, among which the Crommelin Crater [1].

Its bulge is slightly elliptical in shape (50*30 km) covering almost more than half the size of the entire crater, with the surroundings of the bulge encompassed by gently folded ELDs. In order to investigate the possible origin of the bulge and of the folding we firstly performed a geological and structural mapping on a mosaic of  CTX orthoimages at 6m/pixel (Context Camera onboard MRO [3]) and DEMs (Digital Elevation Models).

For this purpose we created a merged DEM of the whole crater area based on multi-resolution DEMs  by means of CTX DEMs at 18 m (covering 2/3 of the crater), HRSC DEMs with 100 m and the final data gaps covered by MOLA MEGDR (Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Experiment Gridded Data Records [4]) data with 463 m of grid spacing respectively. From the geologic map, scaled 1:160.000, we could see that the bulge units occupy a lower stratigraphic level than the surrounding ELDs. These appear heavily eroded and dismantled with sharp contact at the base of to the bulge. We extracted ELD dip and strike measurements and combined them with the mapping of the prominent ELD strata: this way we were able to carry out a structural interpretation and to mark the position of inferred fold axes. Cross sections were defined crosscutting the strata orthogonally to their strike and topographic profiles together with all relevant information, such as inferred fold axes, intersecting bedding traces and local bedding attitude, were automatically computed for the chosen section traces by MOVE software with the aid of the DEM; the geologic interpretation was afterwards carried out in each of the cross-sections. The structural analysis highlighted the presence of gently folded strata whose axial planes appear concentric with respect to the bulge. Km-size symmetric folds sets are visible on the western sector, whereas asymmetric folds with radial outwards vergence are visible on the northwestern sector, appearing more pronounced in the proximity of the bulge. In the southern sector, a sequence of elliptical basins with inward dipping strata and major axis concentric to the bulge suggest a dome-basin interference pattern of folding. In order to further investigate the folded geometries and the structural setting, we approached the problem in 3D in MOVE software. By interpolating the same stratigraphic horizons across 13 interpreted cross-sections of the folded strata of the ELD unit in the western ans southern crater sectors, we reconstructed the full 3D geometry of deformed strata and built 3D ribbons of the main geologic contacts. The overall geostructural observations and the 3D reconstruction point towards the idea of a bulge uplift after the deposition of the surrounding layered deposits, that have caused fold sets typical of a diapiric phenomenon.

Acknowledgments: This research was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No 776276- PLANMAP.

References:

[1] Pondrelli, M., Rossi, A.P., Le Deit, L., Fueten, F., van Gasselt, S., Glamoclija, M., Cavalazzi, B., Hauber, E., Franchi, F., Pozzobon, R., 2015. Equatorial layered deposits in Arabia Terra, Mars: facies and process variability. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. https://doi.org/10. 1130/b31225.1.

[2] Hynek, B.M., Arvidson, R.E., Phillips, R.J, 2002. Geologic setting and origin of Terra Meridiani hematite deposit on Mars. J. Geophy. Res. Planet. 107 (E10), 18 -11-18-14.

[3] Malin, M.C., Bell, J.F., III, Cantor, B.A., Caplinger, M.A., Calvin, W.M., Clancy, R.T., Edgett, K.S., Edwards, L., Haberle, R.M., and James, P.B., 2007, Context Cam- era investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, E05S04, doi: 10 .1029 /2006JE002808 .

[4] Smith, D.E., Zuber, M.T., Solomon, S.C., Phillips, R.J., Head, J.W., Garvin, J.B., Banerdt, W.B., Muhleman, D.O., Pettengill, G.H., Neumann, G.A., Lemoine, F.G., Abshire, J.B., Aharonson, O., Brown, C.D., Hauck, S.A., Ivanov, A.B., McGovern, P.J., Zwally, H.J., and Duxbury, T.C., 1999, The global topography of Mars and implications for surface evolution: Science, v. 284, p. 1495–1503, doi: 10 .1126 /science .284 .5419 .1495 .

<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64, 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The purpose of this thesis is to compute and to evaluate the geoid model in the State of São Paulo from two methodologies (Stokes' integral through the Fast Fourier Transform FFT and Least Squares Collocation – LSC). Another objective of this study is to verify the potentiality of GOCE-based. Therefore, a brief study about mathematical foundations and fundamentals of Physical Geodesy is carried out. Some features of the Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) are discussed, as well as an overview of the new gravimetric missions. A special attention is given to GOCE mission. The theory related to Stokes' integral and Least Squares Collocation is also discussed in this work. The spectral decomposition was employed in the geoid models computation and the long wavelength component was represented by EGM2008 up to degree and order 150 and 360 and GOCE-based models up to 150. The models were compared in terms of geoid height residual and absolute and relative comparisons from GPS/leveling and the results show consistency between them. Also, a comparison in the mountain regions was carried out to verify the methodologies behavior in this area; the results showed that LSC is less consistent than FFT. Regarding GOCE-based models, 13 were tested, besides EGM2008. The evaluation was performed in terms of geoid height comparison obtained by GGMs over GPS/leveling and in terms of gravity disturbance. The evaluation shows that DIR _R3 and TIM_R3 presented more compatible results. The reason for the choice of São Paulo state is that there are a lot of geodetic activities and important engineering works that require the use of a height system. Furthermore, there are a lot of gravity and GPS/leveling data all around the state.


Plant resistance to pathogens and the feeding behavior of the pathogen vectors can influence patterns of disease spread. This study is aimed at evaluating the two above ecological factors that could limit the negative impact of Pierce's disease (PD) on the economically valuable grapevine, Vitis vinifera. Eighteen commonly used varieties are being scored for symptom severity and quantified for Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) infection level. We will investigate the vector, glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), feeding-choice behavior for infected versus healthy plants. In addition, we will compare the vector transmission efficiency among different grape varietals. Our preliminary results for symptom severity, in weeks eight and 12 postinoculation, indicates that Rubired has the least symptom development score among 17 other tested varieties. Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc also show a relatively slow symptom development. Our study on vector feeding behavior showed that, while GWSS does not discriminate against water stressed plants (which mimic PD symptoms); they had a greater tendency to position themselves on lower and woody parts of the stem due to its response to brown colors. Our experimental setup and preliminary finding will be described and discussed. LAYPERSON SUMMARY The degree of resistance (and tolerance) to Pierce's disease (PD) is under evaluation for 18 commonly used grapevine varieties. We also quantify feeding and host-choice behaviors of glassy-winged sharpshooter, a key vector for the pathogenic bacteria. This project has been just started. Our preliminary results showed that the variety Rubired has the least symptom development score among 18 varieties. Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc are also showing slower symptom development relative to the other tested varietals. The insect vector did not discriminate against water stressed plants (with similar symptoms as PD) though showed a distinct preference for the brown coloration of the lower main shoot. Our experimental setup and preliminary finding will be described and discussed. INTRODUCTION Plant resistance to pathogens is important for limiting disease in many agro-ecosystems (e.g. Kolmer 1996; Leung et al. 2003). The levels of resistance and tolerance (infected with limited or no symptoms) exhibited among host genotypes typically vary continuously (Kover & Schaal 2002). The used definition of resistance and tolerance is important because each may differ in its effect on disease spread, especially plant pathogens that are transmitted by insect vectors (see below). Pierce's disease (PD) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). This bacterium is xylem-limited and pathogenic to a wide range of agricultural crops, such as alfalfa, almond, citrus, coffee, peach, plum, and also infects dozens of native, ornamental, and weedy species in the U.S. (Purcell 1997, Hopkins and Purcell 2002, Costa et al. 2005, Wistrom and Purcell 2005). PD symptoms include leaf scorch, irregular maturation of the cane, and dieback of the apex of the plant (Krivank et al. 2005). Typically, infected susceptible vines die within two to three years. Xylem sap-feeders are known to be the vectors for the bacterial pathogen. In the 1990s severe outbreaks of PD occurred in southern California that was attributed to the invasion by the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS; Homalodisca vitripennis) (Sorensen and Gill 1996, Blua et al.1999). Vector preference for infected versus uninfected plants can dramatically impact disease prevalence (McElhany et al. 1995). For example, vector preference for healthy plants (i.e. discrimination against infected plants) should limit pathogen spread. Under this scenario, relatively tolerant varieties that are infected but yet have no (or limited) symptoms may potentially act as a source for the bacteria. Needless to say that this can potentially promote disease spread in nearby healthy vines. Likewise, a lack of discrimination against infected plants would also increase the pathogen spread. Whether susceptible varieties can act as a source for Xf spread also depends on GWSS behavior and acquisition efficiency. Two aspects of GWSS feeding behavior may be important for Xf acquisition and spread: 1) preference for feeding on certain grape varietals (e.g., Purcell 1981), and 2) discrimination against infected vines of a given varietal (e.g., McElhany et al. 1995, Marucci et al. 2005). Thus, understanding vector feeding-choice behavior and varietal resistance versus tolerance are directly relevant to understanding the epidemiology of PD in vineyards. In general, Vitis vinifera cultivars are susceptible to Xf infection (Krivanek and Walker 2005). While anecdotal field observations (Raju and Goheen 1981, A.H. Purcell and J. Hashim-Buckey, personal communication) are indicative of


Winter aggregation of danaine butterflies (sub-family Danainae) in Hong Kong involves 7 species out of the 12 known species in Hong Kong. Species composition, population size and the physical environment of 21 local aggregation sites are described and discussed. Mortality, feeding behaviour, reproductive activities, form of aggregation and selection of plant species for aggregation in the winter aggregation sites are also described and discussed. A hypothesis of the effect of aggregation pheromones on danaine butterflies' aggregation and dismissal is proposed.


Dumpling has always been a traditional and delicious food in China. Nevertheless, the rehydration effects, especially the nip of dumplings, are far from people's satisfaction. To solve this problem, in this study, aimed at the improving the rehydration properties of freeze-dried dumplings, three kinds of food additives, including compound phosphate, soybean lecithin and guar gum, were added into dumplings wrappers. Results showed that, the drying rate, rehydration ratio and sense value were the highest with respective addition of 0.1% compound phosphate, 0.6% soybean lecithin and 0.35% guar gum. The interactions between freeze-dried dumplings and food additives were discussed, which provided the theory foundation for preparation of freeze-dried food.


Non-rational factors as sentiment,volition,interest,requirement and belief execute crucial role in ideological education,yet the current education excessively emphasized and stressed on students' cultivation in acquisition,technique and awareness,ignored exploitation of students' non-rational factors' execution,which proved unfavorable for students initiative and declined efficiency of ideological education,hence to achieve benign effect for ideological education,we must give great priority to the cultivation of students' non-rational factor.


Many studies test the relationship between inflation and Economic growth in several countries. This study aims to find long run causal relationship between the inflation and economic growth in Sri Lanka over the period from 1960 to 2015 using annual data. Johansen co-integration technique and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) are used to investigate the relationships. The empirical results confirm a bidirectional causality between the inflation and Economic growth. However, it finds that there is no short run causality between inflation and economic growth. The result may be useful for monetary decision makers and development partners in the sense to keep inflation rate in appropriate level.


The Metroplex Overflight Noise Analysis (MONA) project seeks to measure, analyze, and archive the ground noise generated by aircraft overflights and to provide accurate and actionable data for a variety of different purposes. On the one hand, experimental datasets collected and processed by the MONA system can serve as an openly-available database for validation and verification (V&V) of improved noise prediction methods. On the other, study conclusions derived from both the experimental and computational data can serve to inform technical discussions and options involving aircraft noise, aircraft routes, and the potential impacts of the FAA's NextGen procedure changes on overflown communities at varying distances from the airport. Given the complex interdependencies between the noise levels perceived on the ground and the air-traffic patterns that generate the aircraft noise, a secondary goal of the MONA project is to share, through compelling visualizations, key results with broad communities of stakeholders to help generate a common understanding and reach better decisions more quickly. In this paper, we focus on the description of the MONA system architecture, its design, and its current set of capabilities. Subsequent publications will focus on the results we are obtaining though the use of the MONA system.


This paper presents a method for pedestrian detection and tracking using a night vision video camera installed on the vehicle. To deal with the nonrigid nature of human appearance on the road, a two-step detection/tracking method is proposed. The detection phase is performed by a support vector machine (SVM) with size-normalized pedestrian candidates and the tracking phase is a combination of Kalman filter prediction and mean shift tracking. The detection phase is further strengthened by information obtained by a road detection module that provides key information for pedestrian validation. Experimental comparisons have been carried out on gray-scale SVM recognition vs. binary SVM recognition and entire body detection vs. upper body detection.


HERAWATI. The Influence Between Service Quality and University Image on
Student Satisfaction, Faculty of Economics, Jakarta State University. Jakarta:
Business Education Study Program, Faculty of Economics, Jakarta State
University, 2019.
The aim of this study is to get the right knowledge to obtain empirical data and facts
that are precise, accurate, valid, and reliable about the influence between
University Quality and Image Quality on Student Satisfaction in Faculty of
Economics, Jakarta State University. The data were collected over a period of Six
months from January 2019 to July 2019. The research method used is a survey
method with a quantitative approach, the population used is the Student of the
Faculty of Economics at Jakarta State University. The sampling technique used was
purposive sampling. While the analysis technique of this study uses simple linear
regression. The research hypothesis shows that: (1) There is a positive and
significant influence between service quality on student satisfaction, this hypothesis
is proven by the value of tcount (1,985)> ttable (1.97658). (2) There is a positive
and significant influence between university image on student satisfaction tcount
(3.369)> ttable (1.97658). The influence of service quality on student satisfaction
is obtained from the results of the coefficient of determination obtained at 0.026.
This shows that 2.6% of student satisfaction is influenced by the quality of service
while the remaining 97.4% by other variables outside of this regression model. And
the influence of university image on student satisfaction is obtained from the results
of the coefficient of determination obtained at 0.072. This shows that 7.2% of
student satisfaction is influenced by university image while the rest is 92.7% by
other variables outside of this regression model.
Keywords: Student Satisfaction, Service Quality, University Image


Synopsis The effict of heating rate on the A, transformation of spheroidal graphite cast iron has been studied by the dilatometric and metallographic methods. In the case of ferritic structure, dilatometric curues show on(y expansion during the transformation instead of contraction obserued in the cases of steel and pearlitic structure. The A l transformation temperature (Ac, s and Ac,f) is shifted to a higher temperature with an increase in the rate of heating in the ferritic structure than the pearlitic structure. In ferritic iron, the uolume fraction of austenite is proportional to the transformation time at a constant rate of heating, and austenite forms main(y around the graphite nodules at a higher rate qf heating but forms along the grain boundaries of ferrite at a lower rate. The continuous heating transforma tion (CHT) curue appears higher in temperature and longer in time than the isothermal austenitizing (TT A) curve.


On the afternoon of 28 June 2010, an enormous landslide occurred in the Gangwu region of Guanling County, Guizhou Province. In order to better understand the mechanism of the Guanling landslide, archived ALOS/PALSAR data was used to acquire the deformation prior to the landslide occurrence through stacking and time-series InSAR techniques. First, the deformation structure from InSAR was compared to the potential creep bodies identified using the optical remote sensing data. A strong consistency between the InSAR detected deformed regions and the creep bodies detected from optical remote sensing images was achieved. Around 10 creep bodies were suffering from deformation. In the source area, the maximum pre-slide mean deformation rate along the slope direction reached 160 mm/year, and the uncertainty of the deformation rates ranged from 15 to 34 mm/year. Then, the pre-slide deformation at the source area was analyzed in terms of the topography, geological structure, and historical rainfall records. Through observation and analysis, the deformation pattern of one creep body located within the source area can be segmented into three sections: a creeping section in the front, a locking section in the middle, and a cracking section in the rear. These sections constitute one of the common landslide modes seen in the south-west of China. This study concluded that a sudden shear failure in the locking segment of one creeping body located within the source area was caused by a strong rainstorm, which triggered the Guanling landslide.


Vitelline and lipidic inclusions which are present in the neuroepithelial cells during chick embryo neurulation show a typical intracellular localization in the apical zone of the cell. In the same cellular zone the Golgi apparatus can be seen during the successive stages of neurulation. These patterns of inclusion and organelle polarity during chick embryo neurulation may be related to active consumption of the reserves contained in inclusions during this morphogenetic process. Such an active consumption would imply a close relationship between the vitelline and lipidic inclusions and the Golgi apparatus. On the other hand, the apical position of the Golgi apparatus in the neuroepithelial cells reveals the remarkable apicobasal polarity of these cells which remains unchanged during chick embryo neurulation.


Thank you very much for reading raphael and his age drawings from the palais des beaux arts lille. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this raphael and his age drawings from the palais des beaux arts lille, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


The aim of this work is to present numerical studies of turbulent forced convection using Low Reynolds Number two-equation models on the their modelization, analyzing the performance of different models under different test cases. The multidimensional simulation developed is based on a fully implicit finite volume formulation of the differential equations on structured grids. In order to analyze the performance of the different turbulence models considered, five common test cases of the technical specialized bibliography have been selected. The test cases chosen for these studies could be classified into two main groups: i) two-dimensional flows; ii) axisymmetric flows. For the first one, the flow through a channel, the impinging slot jet, and the flow downstream of a backward facing step are considered. For the second one, the straight pipe flow, and the axisymmetric sudden expansion are analyzed. The numerical results for the different models considered, are compared with the experimental data available. Special emphasis is given on the numerical errors and the order of accuracy of the numerical solutions presented.


The track is the main noise source of a railway when the frequency is below about 1250 Hz. Quite a few efforts have been made to increase the attenuation of the railway track in order to reduce the ...


LAser RElativity Satellite (LARES) is an Italian Space Agency mission that started operations on February 2012 after a successful launch on ESA's VEGA qualification flight. The satellite is covered with retroreflectors that allow accurate laser ranging tracking from the stations of the International Laser Ranging Service. Data of laser ranged satellites are publicly available for scientific analysis and in the case of LARES are being used mainly for testing general relativity and in particular the Lense-Thirring effect due to the rotation of Earth. Although designed for fundamental physics, the LARES mission is also very useful for geodesy and geodynamics and it will provide, among other things, improvement of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. After a description of the scientific objectives and of the satellite, the paper will focus on the operations required to run the mission.


An unicornuate uterus can be treated surgicaly. It is a rare congenital anomaly (2%–10% of all types of uterovaginal anomalies) in which the partial development of the unilateral müllerian duct (in the female, they will develop to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina) results in various degrees of rudimentary horn connected or not to the opposite horn (Pic. 1).


The absorption of labor in the Province of Bali over the past five years has experienced quite significant fluctuations, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, because many workers were laid off and even experienced layoffs by their companies. This is shown through employment absorption in 2020 which has decreased significantly compared to previous years. Relatively current labor absorption is often associated with economic growth. The higher the level of economic growth in an area, the lower the unemployment rate and the higher the level of employment. This research is focused on discussing the description of labor absorption and economic growth associated with the minimum wage in the Province of Bali. The research objectives in this study were to determine 1) the effect of the minimum wage on economic growth; 2) the effect of minimum wages and economic growth on employment; and 3) the role of economic growth in mediating the effect of the minimum wage on employment in the Province of Bali. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. This research uses secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Bali Province. Panel data was used in this study by combining time series data from 2013-2021 and cross-sectional data from nine districts/cities in Bali Province. The data processing tools used are Microsoft Excel and SmartPLS. The results of the study show that: (1) the minimum wage has a direct and significant positive effect on economic growth; (2) the minimum wage has a direct and insignificant negative effect on employment; (3) economic growth directly has a positive and insignificant effect on employment; and (4) economic growth does not mediate the effect of the minimum wage on employment.


PURPOSE:To miniaturize the circuit and to reduce the power consumption in the interface circuit between ATM cell signal and STM frame. CONSTITUTION:The inputted cells are stored in a FIFO circuit 12 under the control of a write control circuit 13 and a read control circuit 15. In this case, the phase difference can be absorbed by inserting and deleting idle cells. The reading of the stored cells is performed according to the timing signal generated by a frame generation circuit 16. The timing signal is supplied to each block, and the operation of each block is performed by the same clock.


This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of single-phase inverter, and it makes combination the fuzzy control technology and instantaneous feedback control technology of the current, and it solves the problem of load uncertainty and load model is difficult to established. Through ant colony optimization algorithm the problem that control parameters to solve the problem of the fuzzy control are depended on expert experience is solved. And on the basis of fuzzy voltage outer, the loop current inner loop is added, and through using current loop, it can effectively restrain the load disturbance, current limiting step in the current inner ring at the same time, thus it solve the inverter power supply for impact load adaptability. It not only can make the inverter power supply system output high quality steady-state voltage waveform, but also it can get fast dynamic response. Finally under the environment of Matlab simulation, the simulation results are demonstrated, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed compound control strategy are also verfied.


The main objective of sperm production centers is to produce as many straws as possible from the obtained ejaculates using the optimal dilution rate. To this end, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of different semen extender rates on Anatolian buffalo semen quality. Ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina from three Anatolian buffalo bulls (n=105). These ejaculates were divided into three aliquots and filled into 0.25 ml straws with soy-based extenders at the concentrations of 35, 25, and 15 million spermatozoa/straw. The straw samples of different spermatozoa concentrations were frozen. The quality of spermatozoa was evaluated after thawing (37 °C, 30 sec) and following the thermoresistance test (37 °C, 3 h). The post-thaw total motility and progressive motility values were similar between the groups. However, following the thermoresistance test, there was a significant decrease in total motility in the 35 million spermatozoa/straw group, and the progressive motility was significantly higher in the 25 million spermatozoa/straw group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of sperm kinetic parameters, except VSL after thawing except the VAP and LIN values following the thermoresistance test. In conclusion, it is recommended to dilute the Anatolian buffalo semen at a concentration of 25 or 100 million spermatozoa/ml per straw when freezing it with a soy-based semen extender. In addition, it is considered that soy-based extenders compensate for cryo-damage to sperm motility for a short time, and the thermoresistance test should be applied for objective evaluation in dose optimization studies.


The study examined the effect of social media marketing on brand loyalty of Selected SMEs South West, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of this study is 17, 534 which comprises the registered SMEs in three states in South West, Nigeria which were Lagos, Oyo and Osun States as they have the largest concentration of SMEs. The sample size of 489 was determined using the Raosoft Sample Size calculator. Primary data collection was adopted (questionnaire) in gathering the data from the owner/manager of the selected SMEs. Reliability test of the questionnaire was carried out and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.892. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and SmartPLS version 3.3.3). The PLS-SEM results revealed that at 95% confidence level, Social interaction (β = 0.342, t= 2.916) is significant, however, branded entertainment (β = 0.146, t= 0.922), and customer engagement (β = 0.092, t= 0.748), customization (β = 0.213, t= 1.525) and E-Word of mouth (β = 0.128, t=0.859) are statistically insignificant .PLS-SEM predictive results (Adj R2=0.693; p=0.000, Q2 =0.345), show that social media marketing significantly affects brand loyalty of SMEs in Southwest, Nigeria. It is on this strength it was concluded that there is significant effect of Social media marketing on brand loyalty in Southwest, Nigeria. Hence it is recommended that owners of SMEs should post interesting social media contents and current information about their brands that customers can engage with in order to achieve brand loyalty. Prompt response to customers' complaint or questions about their brands will also boost SMEs and customers relationship.


The institutional development of the European Union has been taking place for more than six decades now. It is a dynamic process determined by its considerable centripetal and centrifugal forces. The European Union is a test centre where supranational, national and regional (local) interests, values, and needs are oftentimes in opposition to each other. The process of integration of its Member States, which began by initiating and establishing a free-trade zone, and was continued by establishing a customs union and a common market, now is in the stage of the Internal Market, which is the result of a complex process, whereby in addition to liberalization of the free movement of production factors, regions have been strongly positioned as nucleuses (/nuclei) of development and existence of the European Union. Regional and social policies play a key role in the sustainability process of the European Union, creating through a process of convergence the preconditions for economic, social and territorial cohesion as well as for a balanced development of the Union. This paper explores the position of the NUTS III regions in the context of achieving the goals of the EU regional and social policy. As a New EU Member State, which is also classified as one of the 'less developed' EU countries, Croatia needs to 1. ZBORNIK SVEUČILIŠTA U DUBROVNIKU 124 adequately and timely get involved in the cohesive processes, in order to capitalize the benefits of its full membership and ensure the preconditions for sustainable development, in particular for its counties ('županije'), which are social and economic initiators of development. Dubrovnik-Neretva County, which is classified as a NUTS III-level region, should be observed as a: (1) peripheral; (2) isolated; (3) border; (4) island; and (5) rural region. These particularities act as additional challenges for regional and sustainable development, which in the context of the European integration significantly affect the frameworks of the economic, social and territorial cohesion. This paper analyses the absorption capacity of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County by reviewing secondary statistical sources, using statistical data on the absorption of pre-accession funds. It also provides insight into the potential opportunities for economic growth and development of the County, potentiated by the use of EU structural funds.


A method of analyzing the social behavior of children with the aim of maximizing the interpretability, the meaningfulness of the construct generated, and the interpretability of correlations between parent and child behavior has been presented. The method fuses the traditional approach to factor analysis with the circumplex approach developed by Guttman and recently applied by Schaefer to the child behavior area. Re-analyses of child behavior data gathered by several other people were presented to show the more general applicability of the approach. Finally, a set of data on mothers and fathers with 5year-olds was re-analyzed to illustrate the improvement in clarity and meaningfulness of the results obtained when the method was applied to the data.


Detecting mental illness in school students may prevent poor school outcomes. Clinicians often use universal behavioral screeners to identify students at risk for mental illness. This study examined the applicability of Kane's interpretation and use argument (IUA) to the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener–Teacher Rating Scale (SAEBRS-TRS). Using an imputed sample of N = 1,357 students, latent transition analysis was employed to understand the IUA framework on this sample and the stability of the latent classes of student risk over time. Results provide initial support for the interpretation and use of the SAEBRS-TRS, and suggest that student risk statuses remain relatively stable across time. Future directions and implications for practice are discussed.


Dear Editor,The recent study published by Revell and Skene (2007) follows other studies demonstrating that multiple photopigments contribute to the spectral sensitivity of the human circadian syste...


Boiling heat transfer of R-134a on a porous, plasma coated tube bundle was investigated experimentally to determine the effects of the number of tube rows and the total tube number. The bundle consists of up to 4 tubes with a pitch-to-diameterratio of 1.33. Heat transfer coefficients for a single tube with porous copper coating were up to four times higher than for a smooth tube. Observations showed that the plasma coating enhanced the heat transfer coefficient also in tube bundles. The bundle factor of the coated tube bundle showed a similar, slightly increased, trend as the smooth tube bundles. The enhancement effect of the coated tubes decreases to a certain extent with increasing heat flux and decreasing saturation temperature. However, it is significantly less pronounced than trends which have been reported from other investigations. The aim of a stable enhanced coating was confirmed by long-term experiments with steady results.


This paper investigated the diseases of major marine cultured pieces to find out their pathogens,epidemiology and hazard in the southern of Zhejiang province,and analyzed the main cause of the diseases.Based on the fact of aquaculture development and the disease status of Zhejiang province,the prevention and controlling measure was proposed including aquaculture model,environment regulation,improving aquaculture animal health,immune prevention,Breeding for resistance diseases,technology training,and so on.It indicated that controlling the diseases should use immunology,ecology and green technology.


Athletic performance assessments are important for identifying physical giftedness, monitoring athlete progress and supporting training recommendations. Sprint performance is a key component in athlete success both in athletics and field-based sports, and talent identification testing batteries often include sprint and jump assessments. Jumping and sprinting share a number of similar characteristics and research has shown that the relationships between sprint and jump tests depend on the recorded segment of the sprinting task, type of jump performed, and the speed and sex of the athlete. The majority of this research has been conducted in small, single sex, similar athlete cohorts and there has yet to be an analysis of a large cohor multi-sport population with both male and female groups. Understanding the relationships between sprint ability and horizontal jump performance, based on large groups of athletes separated by sex can provide great insight into the shared and independent value of sprint and jump performance tests to support athlete testing and development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between horizontal jump tests and sprint performance within different athlete sexes and sprint ability. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study with a large population sample of multisport athletes, with differing sprint and jump abilities. The associations and relationships between horizontal jump performance in standing broad jump (SBJ) and standing triple jump (STJ) with 0-10m and 30-40m sprint time in a group of athletes participating in a talent identification event were investigated in this study. Correlations and linear regressions were assessed with athletes grouped only by sex (male (n = 742), and female (n = 610)), and then grouped by sex and speed (fast = -0.5 SD , slow = +0.5 SD ) for both 0-10m and 30-40m time separately. When grouped only by sex there were very


P hysical and chemical weathering of bedrock produce disaggregated particles that accumulate on the land surface in the absence of erosional processes adequate to remove them. In locations with sufficient topographic relief, gravitational forces acting on these disaggregated particles cause them to move down the slopes and accumulate as distinctive deposits along the lower portions of slopes, in topographic depressions, and especially at the bases of cliffs. The terms colluvium or colluvial materials are used to refer to deposits that have been transported by gravitational forces. The characteristics of colluvial materials vary according to the characteristics of the bedrock snrc.es and the climate under which weathering and transport occur. Generally, colluvium is weakly stratified and consists of a heterogeneous mixture of soil and rock fragments ranging in size from clay particles to rocks a meter or more in diameter. These deposits are often only marginally stable. Because they are found along the lower portions of valley sides, such deposits frequently need to he partially excavated to allow passage of transportation facilities (Figure 20-1). The rsiilring cut slopes are commonly iinsrahle and require constant monitoring and maintenance. In humid tropical climates rapid chemical weathering promotes the formation of deep residual soils, or residuum. Creep of such soils on slopes may cause them to gradually take on the characteristics of colluvial materials. In cold climates colluvium is affected by the presence of permanently frozen ground, or permafrost. As discussed in Chapter 25, frozen ground conditions impede internal drainage and often lead to saturation of the surficial layers. Solifluction, the slow flowage of saturated surficial FIGURE 20-1 Colluvial slope along materials, produces characteristic lobate topoDenver and Rio graphic patterns reflecting slope instability. Grande Western Instability of colluvial slopes in tropical condiRailroad, Glenwood tions is discussed in Chapter 19, and Chapter 25 Canyon, Colorado. contains a discussion of such slopes in very cold J.D. IIIGGINSC0L0RADO SCHOOL OF MINES, GOLDEN. climates. Information provided in this chapter COLORADO


Abstract Masked translation priming between languages with different scripts exhibits a marked asymmetry in lexical decision, with much stronger priming from L1 to L2 than from L2 to L1. This finding was confirmed in a lexical decision task with Chinese–English bilinguals who were late learners of English. Following a suggestion made by Bradley (1991), the experiment was repeated using a speeded episodic recognition task. Participants studied Chinese words, and then were tested in an old/new classification task in which Chinese target words were primed by masked English translation equivalents. Significant priming was obtained for old items, not for new items. However, no priming was obtained when lexical decision was used. Unexpectedly, the episodic task showed a reverse asymmetry, since L1–L2 priming was not obtained with this task, although strong effects were obtained for lexical decision. A possible explanation for this pattern of results is that knowledge of L2 lexical items is represented episodically for late learners.


This paper is one of the few studies that discusses the impacts and challenges of banking business, especially online credit loans (also known as Internet loans or consumption loans) from the aspects of social environment, economic development, public policy, and technological environment changes under the impact of COVID-19 epidemic. Based on authors' years of experiences in banking industry, they find that online loan products are facing with numerous problems, such as unclear position of online loan products, management dilemma of employees, dilemma between social responsibilities and debt collection, mismatch between risk and income, high bad-loan ratio issues and so on. To find effective ways to solve those problems, authors combined experience with practice and put forward several possible directions, such as seizing the opportunities of digital transformation to develop financial technology, expanding online products, establishing a new financial environment under changed consuming scene, and utilizing the strict supervision mechanism to expand traditional banking business.


The review article discusses Robert Mielhorski's book Zawsze niezakonczona przeszlośc. Dziecinstwo i jego sąsiedztwa w poezji polskiej drugiej polowy XX wieku [Always an Unfinished Past: Childhood and Its Neighbourhoods in Polish Poetry of the Second Half of the 20th Century] (2017). The paper presents the most important theses of the book, shows the researcher's most valuable findings – especially regarding the topics of memory and anamnesis, and also argues with some of the author's statements (most importantly, those related to the use of psychoanalytical tools in the process of interpretation of a literary text).


FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: versions of present invention suggest methods of treatment of nickel-titanium alloys containing from more, than 50 up to 55 wt % of nickel for providing a specified temperature of austenite transformation or temperature range of austenite transformation. Then the specified temperature or temperature range of austenite transformation is selected and heat treatment of the alloy or at least two alloys is performed at the temperature facilitating correction of contents of nickel in solid solution in TiNi-phase of the alloy. Contents of nickel are sufficient for achieving a solubility limit in solid state during heat treatment. Thus a stable temperature (temperature range) of austenite transformation is obtained which in essence is equal to the specified temperature (temperature range) of austenite transformation. The specified temperature of austenite transformation is chosen within the range from -100 to 100°C. Heat treatment of the alloy includes isothermal aging. The temperature range of austenite transformation does not exceed 10°C. EFFECT: facilitating predictable adjustment of temperature (temperature range) of austenite transformation with shape memory. 42 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex


In the present work, N, N-Dibutyl diglycolamide functionalities were covalently grafted over Merrifield resin by following novel green chemistry principles during the entire process of synthesis. Minimal use of hazardous chemicals, improved yields and moderate reaction conditions were the bedrocks throughout the process. This grafted resin was used as an adsorbent for the uptake of trivalent f-block elements from aqueous nitric acid feed (3M HNO 3 ). The synthesized resin MRBB (N, N-Dibutyl diglycolamide grafted over n-butyl aminated Merrifield resin) was characterized with grafting percentage of >66%. Am 3+ an actinide was used as a radiotracer for preliminary studies to check the efficacy of synthesized polymeric adsorbent. After optimization of synthesis parameters, Eu 3+ salt, a surrogate lanthanide ion was used in an aqueous feed to optimize the operating parameters of adsorption. The distribution coefficients K D for different conditions were in the range of thousands but for a similar kind of work with malonamides the range was just in hundreds as reported in the available literature. The adsorption kinetics predominantly follows pseudo-second order reaction with k 2 = 6.3 x 10 -5 g/(mg-min). The work is an important contribution in


Higher mathematics for today's higher education is a very important subject,Through the analysis and research on the problems existing in the process of higher mathematics teaching,explore the solution to improve the efficiency of higher mathematics teaching,to improve the teaching level of institutions of higher learning has very important significance.In this paper,in view of the problems in higher mathematics teaching process slightly,and puts forward some solving methods.


In order to increase the quantity of antifungal protein from Bacillus polymyxa 7-4,the strain was cultured under different conditions.Through single factor experiments,the suitable carbon source,nitrogen source and inorganic salt were chosen.The optimal composition of media was determined by orthogonal experiments.The optimization of fermentation factors,such as initial pH,fermentation temperature and fermentation time,was made by single factor experiments.By orthogonal design,the optimal proportions of fermentation medium were glucose 5.0%,soy peptone 5.0%,MnSO4 0.02%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.10%.By single factor experiments,the optimal fermentation condition was initial pH 7.5 and inoculum age of 10~12 hours,shaking flask fermentation temperature is 30℃ for 48 hours under the conditions,the most quantity of antifungal protein was obtained.After optimization,diameter of inhibition zone was increased by 50.4%.


This article introduces a design scheme of the water source VRF air conditioning system of a badminton hall and compares it with air source heat pump units, reflecting the advantages of the convenience in the system operation and energy saving management. Also it analyzes the principle of the badminton hall's water source VRF air conditioning system and the arrangement of the equipment room. The operation results showed the good effect of the design,providing a good example for the application in special occasions of the VRV air conditioning system.


Collyria montana sp. n., from Armenia is described and illustrated. It is the fi rst record of the genus Collyria from the country and eighth known Western Palaearctic species.


Recent years have seen a growing recognition of the importance of enabling K-12 students to engage in computational thinking, particularly in elementary grades where students' dispositions toward STEM are developing. Block-based programming has emerged as an effective tool for engaging these novice learners in computational thinking. At the same time, digital storytelling has emerged as a promising avenue for creating motivating problem-solving scenarios that engage students in science investigations. Although block-based programming and digital storytelling are in many ways synergistic, there is a lingering question of how to design block-based languages at an age-appropriate level to enable effective and engaging storytelling. In this work, we review design principles from prior block-based and digital storytelling systems as well as propose the design of block-based programming language features to enable the creation of rich, interactive science narratives by upper elementary students.


The relationship between the characteristics of the changes in edaphon community and the incidence of root rot in sanqi(Panax notoginseng(Burk) F.H.Chen) was studied and the main pathogenic microbes were identified in a fixed zero tillage experiment.The results indicated that the pathogenesis of root rot in P.notoginseng was related not only to pseudomonads,which has been reported,but to mildew,aclinomycetes and anaerobic bacteria as well.The periods of high survival rate of the three microbes coincided with the maximum incidence of root rot,and their number in the soil of the diseased plants was 3.89 E 4.cfu/g,0.94 E 4.cfu/g and 85.10 E 6.cfu/g greater than that in the soil of the healthy plants,thus indicating that they are also responsible for root rot of P.notoginseng.


【Objective】The objective of this study is to clone the mutated gene, which causes enhanced conidiation of the T-DNA insertional mutant A2588, and to shed light on the conidiation mechanism in Ustilaginoidea virens.【Method】The sporulation, conidial germination, mycelial growth rate and heat tolerance of the mutant A2588 were determined, and wild-type strain 70-22 was employed as the control. hiTAIL-PCR and RACE were used to identify the insertional T-DNA flanking genes in A2588, and RT-PCR were applied to analyzed the expression level of the T-DNA flanking genes as well. Additionally, the function of T-DNA insertion region in the genome of A2588 was bioinformatically predicted. 【Result】Compared to the wild-type U. virens strain 70-22, the mutant A2588 produced more than 10 folds of conidia in PS broth and approximately 20 folds of conidia in MM liquid medium, and formed more compact mycelial balls in PS. Despite of having an equivalent mycelial growth rate to 70-22, A2588 exhibited a shorter sporulation cycle, a lower conidia germination rate and slower recovery after heat treatment on the PSA and MM solid media. The T-DNA in mutant A2588 was found inserting into the promoter region of spo76 and reduced expression level of this gene. 【Conclusion】 Due to the partial damage of the spo76 promoter, the spo76 expression level in mutant A2588 was reduced and sporulation cycle of A2588 was accelerated. This may result in enhanced conidiation of U. virens mutant A2588.


It is quite difficult to be ignored by visitors who go to Menorca, an island that from north to south is hardly 20 km wide, where the influence of the sea determines and qualifies all the features of the    physical environment, life and culture. It is precisely this subject matter, the coastline, all aspects of it, that the theme of the book Geomorfologia litoral de Menorca. Dinamica, Evolucion y Practicas de Gestion stands for. 30 writers have contributed to this publication about the coastline of Menorca, which was coordinated by the Sociedad de Historia Natural de las Baleares (Natural History Society of the Balearic Islands). It is a monograph that was presented on the occasion of the 9 th edition of the Conferences on Coastal Geomorphology, held on the island of Menorca (Mao, from the 13 th to the 15 th of September, 2017). It was the perfect setting for the edition of a book that takes stock of the coastal geomorphology of Menorca and it complements another two existing monographs on the Physical Geography of Menorca and the Natural History of the southern half of the island, which for the last twenty years has been the location of numerous campaigns and research projects. In this way it provides specialists and the public in general with the lines of work and the advances that, especially in the last five years, have been developed within the context of the island of Menorca. Furthermore, and within the academic field of the Coastal Geomorphology Conferences, it is the logical continuation of the book edited in 2007 Geomorfologia Litoral. Migjorn y Llevant de Mallorca by J.J. Fornos, J. Gines and L. Gomez-Pujol, which was also distributed in the context of the Conferences, held in Palma de Mallorca that year.


The complex wound environment of diabetic wounds leads to poor treatment efficacy, and the inflammatory disorders and vascular injury are the primary causes of death in such patients. Herein, benefiting from the unique properties of metal ions and oligosaccharide, a sprayable, controllable, adaptive, pH-responsive nanosystem of molybdate and oligosaccharide (CMO NPs) was specially developed as an immunomodulatory and angiogenesis-promotion material for diabetic wound healing. CMO NPs exhibited pH-responsive release of Mo2+ and oligosaccharide (COS), specifically in response to the alkalescent environment observed in diabetic wounds. CMO NPs provided an anti-inflammatory environment by promoting M2 polarization through significantly stimulating macrophage mitochondrial function. Specifically, CMO NPs with a certain concentration reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression, and upregulated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression in macrophages. Moreover, CMO NPs facilitated angiogenesis via upregulating the PI3K/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway-a critical process for the formation of new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the healing tissue. Remarkably, CMO NPs promoted cell viability and migration of endothelial cells, and enhanced the expression of angiogenic genes (PI3K, AKT, HIF-1α, S6K, VEGF, PDGF-β, TGF-β). In vitro and in vivo studies suggest this simple but powerful nanosystem targeting mitochondrial function has the potential to become an effective treatment for diabetic wound healing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper aims at providing a contribution to the comprehensive review of the impact of information and communication, and their supporting technologies, in the current transformation of human life in the infosphere. The paper also offers an ex- ample of the power of new social approaches to the use of information and commu- nication technologies to foster new working models in organizations by presenting the main outcomes of a research project on social branding. A discussion about some trends of the future impact of new information and communication technologies in the infosphere is also included.


Aim: The aim of our study was to assess safety and efficacy of powered circular staplers for colorectal anastomosis and its comparison with conventional (manual staplers). Method: It's a single institute, single surgeon based retrospective study to compare powered staplers with manual for the patient's undergoing anastomosis in colorectal surgery. We assessed the two techniques on the basis of type of surgery, technical problems, intraoperative leak, post-operative leak, blood transfusion, post-operative complication rates, adverse events, additional use of analgesics, antibiotics and readmission rates. SPSS version 20 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Result: Study consisted of forty- eight patients who underwent surgery for colorectal disease. Mean operating time was same for both the groups (3.33 hours). One post-operative leak was observed in manual stapler anastomosis. Four patients had complications including anastomotic leak, anastomotic stricture, wound infection and perianal pain in our study, amongst them three patients underwent manual anastomosis while one patient underwent powered anastomosis. One patient in each arm required readmission. Three patients who underwent powered stapler anastomosis required higher analgesics and higher antibiotics as compared to none in manual, however it was not statistically significant. The mean pain score for patient in powered stapler and manual stapler was 2.96 and 2.92 respectively(p<0.851), while mean length of stay was 7.04 for powered and 6.1 for manual stapler(p<0.08). Conclusion: In our preliminary study, powered stapler was safe and efficacious without any added complications and adverse events. We observed comparable intraoperative and higher trends of post-operative complication rates in manual stapler group.


Multi-document news summarization (MDNS) aims to create a condensed summary while retaining the main characteristics of the original set of news documents. Research shows that the text representation is one of the keys for MDNS techniques. Without doubt, the bag-of-words (BOW) methods are most widely used. However, BOW methods generate high-dimensional representation vectors which ask for large storage and high computational complexity for MDNS. Besides, the generated representation vectors by BOW lack the semantic information and temporal information of the words, which limits the performance of MDNS. To tackle above issues, this paper introduces a word/paragraph embedding method via neural network modelling to generate lower dimensional word/paragraph representation vectors retaining word order and context information and semantic relationships between words/paragraphs. Besides, for MDNS, relevance and redundancy are both critical issues. Unlike the traditional MDNS methods quantifying the relevance among different sentences followed with a greedy post-processing module to ensure the diversity of summary, in this study, we concurrently take relevance, diversity and length constraint into account by employing density peak clustering (DPC) technique and the integrated sentence scoring method to select the more representative sentences and generate the summary with less redundancy. Experimental results on the DUC2003 and DUC2004 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our MDNS method, compared to the state-of-the-art methods.


The lack of sufficient selectivity is the main limitation of chemiluminescence (CL) methods; because the CL reagent is not restricted to a specific analyte. This study investigated the preconcentration and determination of ethion by a flow injection CL (FIA-CL) method using a molecularly imprinted poly high internal phase emulsion (MIP-polyHIPE) adsorbent. Preliminary studies showed that ethion could be determined with high sensitivity in the Ru (bipy)3 2+ -acidic Ce (IV) CL system. A MIP-polyHIPE adsorbent was synthesized and used for preconcentration to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. The adsorption of ethion on the adsorbent was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to find optimized concentrations of variables. The linear dynamic range (LDR) and limit of detection (LOD) for ethion in the FIA-CL method were calculated 1.0✕10-9 -2.0✕10-7 and 6.0✕10-10 mol L-1 , respectively. The percentage of relative standard deviation for 5 repetitive measurements of 5.0⨯10-8 mol L-1 ethion was 4.2%. The proposed method was successfully used to separate and preconcentrate ethion from drinking and surface water sources.


Free vibration of a simply supported rectangular plate with some sectionally clamped portions along the edges was analyzed by relaxing the initial condition of clamping. This was accomplished by introducing a resisting moment, bringing about a slope displacement opposite in sense to that developed in the clamped sections at the edges of the plate. Two numerical examples showed good convergence. Experiments verified the theoretical results, that the fundamental vibrations of a partially clamped plate have characteristics intermediate between those of a plate simply supported on all edges and a plate clamped on all edges. The experiments were performed to cover some higher mode of vibration.


We characterize those vector-valued stochastic processes (with a finite index set and defined on an arbitrarystochasic base) which can become a martingale under an equivalent change of measure.This question is important in a widely studied problem which arises in the theory of finite period securities markets with one riskless bond and a finite number of risky stocks. In this setting, our characterization gives a criterion for recognizing when a securities market model allows for no arbitrage opportunities (free lunches). Intuitively, this can be interpreted as saying if one cannot win betting on a process, then it must be a martingale under an equivalent measure, and provides a converse to the classical notion that one cannot win betting on a martingale.


To fulfill the performance optimization for database of HIS, the shortest query response time and the highest throughput of database server are realized through the minimization of the network flow, disc I/O and CPU time. The performance optimization should exist throughout the development of HIS, so the requirements of HIS applications, the logical construction and physical structure of data, the balance of conflicting databases should be involved in.


Railroad and emergency crews work to clear derailed railroad cars after a derailment near Firefrock Road in Green Creek Township, Sandusky County, Ohio. Seventeen Norfold and Western cars left the track.


Objective To observe the safety and clinical efficacy of the application of enhanced recovery after surgery( ERAS)during exploration of common bile duct stones. Methods A total of 113 patients who received common bile duct exploration surgery from Jan 2009 to Dec 2014 enrolled in this study. 46 cases of them in ERAS group received well- organized and consecutive clinical interventions guided by ERAS while 67 patients in traditional control group received traditional perioperative management. Observe the recovery of patients in two groups in order to indentify the safety and clinical efficacy of the application of ERAS programs in biliary surgery. Results There was no significant difference on readmission rates and complications between the two groups. But the ERAS group achieved earlier flatus and defecation [( 36. 50 ± 5. 52) h vs( 39. 06 ± 5. 29) h,P = 0. 016],a reduction of costs [( 12607. 98 ± 2414. 97) RMB vs( 14207. 87 ±2714. 84) RMB,P =0. 002]and postoperative hospital stay[( 8. 87 ±2. 74) d vs( 10. 19 ±2. 54) d,P =0. 011]and an increase in pain management and recovery [34 /46( 73. 9%) vs 36 /67( 53. 7%),P = 0. 030]. Conclusion The use of ERAS programs after common bile duct exploration surgery were feasible and safe and provided high quality care,a reduction of costs and postoperative hospital stay without an increase in readmission rates and postoperative complications.


The Second Track and talanoa – a Pacific term for conversation – share many common traits. Both are based on a foundation of mutual trust and offer a comfortable forum to share ideas. Both appreciate the importance of listening as well as talking and value other people's experience and insights. The article explores how Second Track methodology has been applied to pursue idealistic goals through realistic steps as part of the Pacific Connect programme implemented by the International Centre for Democratic Partnerships (ICDP).


To augment their stock of knowledge, firms learn vicariously by observing the behaviors of other firms. However, new ventures face unique challenges with vicarious learning, foremost of which is that referent firms may not be spatially close. In a field study of 180 high-technology new ventures, we examine the relationship between vicarious learning, geographic distance, and firm growth. We find that distance, along with moderating factors operating at the firm- and environment-levels, can influence the observation and sensemaking of information, which are processes that play a critical role in a new venture's ability to learn from its rivals and grow.