The teacher Jaime Orlando Santofimio Gamboa makes clear that the democracy is the point of item and formal and substantial determinant of the totality of the activity and administrative function of the State and, therefore, it is consolidated as the modal of the juridical applicable regime for the exercise of happiness function, of which some beginning can be glimpsed as that of legality, prevalencia of the general interest, responsibility, prevalencia and respect of the fundamental rights, division of power and control of the public activity. (Santofimio, 1998) The contentious administrative jurisdiction, originated in the year of 1799 with the creation of the French State council, across his failures has created the doctrine of the modern administrative law .


The issue of nonlinear model predictive control has always been a topic of much concern. We will propose a new approach to robust nonlinear model predictive control to class of nonlinear model system with input constraint under state-dependent disturbances. The considered class of model is separated into linear part at current state, nonlinear part and state-dependent disturbances which are assumed to have their bound. The state-feedback control law is obtained by that solving optimization problem of upper bound of infinite horizon cost function with input constraint via LMIs. In this paper, in order to guarantee robust stability, the proposed approach must generates feasible regions which ensures the existence of a solution and stable region bounded by that. Moreover, these regions are able to contract after every sampling time to proof the robust stability of the system. The simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach to RNMPC.


In any time, the technology is the critical element to make the progresses of the society。Nowadays, the technology is considered to be the solitary element in our century, which will do what effect to the present literature? The article wants to discuss the literary future under the modern technological circumstances。


it is well that we heed Ludwig Wittgenstein's warning about language and human behavior: "The limits of my language are the limits of my world." The point is that language, or any medium of communication, is an environment in which organisms and cultures live and die. And as Stanley Milgram notes in Obedience To Authority, "... the social psychology of this century reveals a major lesson: often, it is not so much the kind of person a man is as the kind of situation in which he finds himself that determines how he will act." In many aspects, much of the commentary, learned and otherwise, regarding the influence of language and the mass media on human thought and behavior is similar to the medieval theological arguments concerning free will and determinism; you will recall that the free will position held that individuals were responsible for their thoughts, their actions and their souls; conversely, the determinstic position held that the individual's fate was predestined and controlled by outside forces. In considering these polarities, it is well that we keep in mind the differences between illusion and delusion, between our symbol systems that are used to represent or recreate reality and actual reality; as the general semanticists like to put it, "Whatever I say something is, it isn't." This distinction between symbol and reality seems clear enough, even a bit simple minded. But in our increasingly technological society, much of what stimulates our sensory and nervous systems comes to us via such totally symbolic systems as television, the LP record, the transistor radio, electronic calculators, movies, and the various manifestations of print. The end result of this massive symbolization of our lives may be our confusing our illusions of reality with reality itself, in deluding ourselves into believing that our symbols are reality. One suspects that the repeated identification of Richard Nixon by the man himself and by memVol. 37, No. 2 * October 1975


Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology is already part of the construction industry and is considered by professionals as a very useful tool for all phases of a construction project. BIM technology, with the particularly useful 3D illustrations which it provides, can be used to illustrate and monitor the progress of works effectively through the entire lifetime of the project. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have undergone significant advances in equipment capabilities and now have the capacity to acquire high resolution imagery from different angles in a cost effective and efficient manner. By using photogrammetry, characteristics such as distances, areas, volumes, elevations, object sizes, and object shape can be determined within overlapping areas. This paper explores the combined use of BIM and UAV technologies in order to achieve efficient and accurate as-built data collection and 3D illustrations of the works progress during an infrastructure construction project.


This issue of the CBR carries an important article summarizing research by Edward Lawler and two colleagues on the policies and practices that contribute to effective performance management systems. I consider Ed to be the foremost authority on the management of pay and performance. He was publishing books on these subjects while I was still in graduate school—and that was years ago. The article is important for two reasons. First, it focuses on what has been for decades the most controversial HR practice, and second, the research leads to recommendations that promise to improve performance systems. Their conclusions are consistent with my experience as a consultant. To highlight two key findings from the research:


The Equations of inherent flow coefficient are different from compressible to incompressible flow. The paper has been conducted to measure the inherent flow coefficient of solenoid valve under various flows. Experimental results for compressible and incompressible flow were confirmed to inherent flow coefficient correctly. The value of inherent flow coefficient for the 0.5" solenoid valve is about 2. Dynamic characteristics of a solenoid valve, which plays an important role in real model, have been analysed by AMESim simulator modeling.


Nowadays, the use of electric vehicles such as hybrid cars and electric trains is increasing rapidly. Each such vehicle requires a considerable amount of semiconductor devices, suggesting an ever-growing demand for such devices in the near future. Thus, the mass production of the semiconductor material is becoming a very important issue for many manufacturers. There are several methods for mass production, but Neutron Transmutation Doping of Silicon (NTD-Si) is the most promising method for the production of silicon based semiconductor. Natural silicon has three stable isotopes: Si-28 (92.3%), Si-29 (4.7%) and Si-30 (3.1%), and these stable isotopes are homogenously mixed in natural silicon crystal. The principle of NTD-Si is that conversion of a small amount of natural stable isotope Si-30 into the stable isotope P-30 by nuclear reaction; uniformly doped silicon crystal can therefore be expected after irradiation[1]. The production of doped Si is usually carried out in research reactors because the suitable irradiation condition exists in these types of reactors. In other words, the research reactors can easily be modified for this purpose; therefore, all the silicon irradiation facilities in the world have been built around these research reactors. The current NTD market is dominated by 5 and 6 inch ingots, and the share of 4 inch ingots has been decreased drastically. Recently the demand for irradiation of 8 inch ingots has grown, and its market share could expand in the future. Since the typical diameter of silicon ingots has become much larger, a large amount of silicon can be irradiated at an irradiation site. The CZ-Si market has jumped from 8 to 12 inches. Therefore, the next wave of NTD ingots would be 12 inches rather than in between 8 and 12 inches such as a 10 inch ingot. It seems that the industry is now developing technology for 18 inch CZ-Si production but NTD for 18 inch ingots may be difficult to satisfy not only in terms of irradiation uniformity but also accommodation at reactors[2]. The doped Si is widely used in various fields such as high quality semiconductor devices, sensors and other standard devices, but mainly used for high power devices such thyristor and several types of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). These high power devices are mostly adopted in hybrid electric vehicles, carrying both conventional and electric propulsion systems, for controlling the traction. The performance of such vehicles such as motor power is important, and it depends on the performance of the key component like IGBT. It is known that the doped Si is suitable base material for high performance IGBTs because of its higher uniformity compared to others doped by conventional methods. Rapid increase in demand of hybrid cars is expected due to the high cost of fuel and environmental concerns. A recent survey made by Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) indicated that 50 million hybrid electric vehicles would be produced, and almost 1000 tons of NTD-Si would be needed in 2030[3-4]. At present, the worldwide capacity of the NTD-Si facilities is estimated to be 150 180 tons per annum. This capacity cannot be increased drastically because most research reactors with NTD facilities were constructed many years ago and they have little potential for expansion; in addition, number of research reactors to be constructed in the future is few. Another important issue is that the present research reactors are not NTD-dedicated facilities, and thus a stable and adequate supply is not expected. If the hybrid electric vehicles increase according to the current forecast, the existing research reactors cannot supply future demand. As such, a new doping facility with a large irradiation capacity for NTD-Si may need to be constructed to ensure an adequate supply of doped silicon.


Previously the influence of picosecond laser spot size on ablation depth and threshold fluence on copper has been experimentally investigated. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the corresponding mechanisms for high laser fluence cases, in which the laser fluence is several folds larger than the optimal ablation fluence, an axisymmetric 2D model, combining modified Two Temperature Model (TTM) and hydrodynamics, was developed. Since the dense vapor and plasma shielding effects have a significant impact on the absorbed energy of incident laser on the material surface, especially for the situation where the laser fluence is higher than vaporization threshold, several assumptions were made. It was roughly supposed that when the lattice temperature reaches 0.9Tc (Tc denotes the critical temperature of copper) dense vapor forms above the surface of the material due to the homogenous nucleation within the superheated melted layer, and once the surface temperature exceeds Tc stronger absorption of incident laser by plasma starts to play a crucial role. As the optical thickness of both dense vapor and plasma were supposed to be constants, correspondingly, the transmittance of both layers were approximately evaluated. Furthermore, as generally supposed in the literature, considerable energy loss caused by homogenous nucleation was also taken into account once the surface temperature of the lattice increased to 0.9Tc, and the melted material was treated as weakly compressible laminar flow with low Mach number (Ma<0.3). The numerical results indicate that the kinetic energy of the evaporated material increases when the laser spot size decreases, which could be a possible mechanism of the deeper ablation depth per pulse observed in the experiments with smaller laser spot sizes. Due to the occurrence of phase explosion, the surface temperature keeps constantly around 0.9Tc, and the intensive evaporation could remain the temperature at Tc until the establishment of equilibrium of both subsystems. Finally, the calculated evaporated mass has the same order of magnitude as the corresponding experimental data.


Objective To estimate microcirculation function in impaired glucose tolerance subjects and type 2 diabete mellitus(T2DM) patients with capillary recruitment.Methods 48 T2DM patients,48 subjects of impaired glucose tolerance and 48 normal subjects were enrolled.We determined their skin capillary recruitment after arterial occlusion with capillaroscopy and compared the percentage increase of capillary density among different groups.Results The average age of non-diabetic subjects was(60.4±6.7) years old.The average baseline capillary density was(35.4±8.7) mm2.The average capillary density of subjects of impaired glucose tolerance was significantly decreased compared with that of non-diabetic subjects(P0.05).The average age of T2DM patients was(64.3±8.1) years old.The average baseline capillary density in T2DM was(27.5±9.3) mm2,which was significantly decreased compared with that of other groups.The average capillary density showed a decline trend in T2DM subjects with increased diabetes duration.Conclusion Subjects of impaired glucose tolerance have microcirculation dysfunction already.T2DM patients show even worse dysfunction of microcirculation,which implies that microcirculation dysfunction is an early feature of impaired glucose metabolism.


A conformal finite-difference time domain(FDTD) mesh-generating scheme for coated targets based on the triangle-patch is presented.For every vertex,the triangle-patches which have a common vertex should be figured out,and all the unit external normal vectors of these triangle-patches are directly summed up.The vector summation can be approximately seen as an external "average normal vector" of the common vertex.A data file about the coordinates of vertexes on coating can be got by removing the vertexes with a distance of coating thickness along their normal line,respectively.If a target is "internal coated",then vertexes should be removed along the positive direction of normal;else if it is "externally coated",then vertexes should be removed along the negative direction of normal.When a target is partially coated,only the vertexes on the coating part need to be removed,and the other vertexes remain unchanged.The triangle-patches data files about the original target and coating are used to generate FDTD conformal meshes for coated targets.The numerical results validate this scheme.


Objective To study the expression of hypo xi a inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) protein in prostate cancer(CaP) and its biolog ical significance. Methods The expression of HIF-1α wa s assayed by means of immunohistochemical technique in 42 prostate cancer,12 pr ostatic imtraepithelial neoplasia(PIN) and 9 normal prostate tissue(NP) specimen s.Western blot was used to examine the expression of HIF-1α in prostate cancer cell line(PC-3M) induced by different oxygen tension. Results HIF-1α expression was positive in 33(78.6%) CaP and 9 PIN specimens , and the positive rate of HIF-1α was higher in distant metastasis patients th an that in patients without metastasis of prostate cancer( P 0.05),while th ere is no expression of HIF-1α in NP.The level of HIF-1α in PC-3M significa ntly increased with the decrease of oxygen tension( P 0.01). Co nclusions Overexpression of HIF-1α is the preliminary incident of the formation of CaP,which may induce carcinoma into malignant phenotype.Thus it may be the early diagnosis parameter and the novel target for CaP treatment.


The interactions of baicalin and wogonoside with human serum albumin(HSA) were studied by fluorescence quenching and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry.The binding constants were obtained by fluorescence quenching of drug with serum albumin.The main acting binding forces of baicalin and wogonoside to serum albumins were hydrophobic force according to the thermodynamic parameters.The effects of me-{tal} ions,such as Zn2+,Mg2+,Al3+ and Cu2+on binding constants were also evaluated.It is not only valuable to reveal the pharmacokinetics,clinical therapy,but also guiding significance for drug design and development of new drugs.


Tars produced during the thermal conversion of coal or especially biomass is one of the major obstacles for the application of gasification systems. They limit the use of the producer gas in engines or turbines or, in further processes like in methanization or conversion to other secondary fuels or chemicals, without further gas cleaning. The determination of the tar content with conventional methods is very time consuming and does not allow continuous online monitoring of the gas quality. One approach to avoid these drawbacks is an automatic system developed at the University of Stuttgart that monitors the tar concentration in the producer gas online and semicontinuous during the gasification process. The technique is based on a flame ionization detector (FID) difference measurement of the hydrocarbons in the producer gas, where the condensable hydrocarbons—the tars—are condensed on a suitable filter material. This work shows the further development of the measurement technique, the choice of a suitable tar filter material for the underlying difference measurement, and a first verification of the system with real producer gas at a 20 kWth bench scale gasifier.


This paper describes the development of linear regression models to predict the construction cost of buildings, based on 286 sets of data collected in the United Kingdom. Raw cost is rejected as a suitable dependent variable and models are developed for cost∕ m2 , log of cost, and log of cost∕ m2 . Both forward and backward stepwise analyses were performed, giving a total of six models. Forty-one potential independent variables were identified. Five variables appeared in each of the six models: gross internal floor area (GIFA), function, duration, mechanical installations, and piling, suggesting that they are the key linear cost drivers in the data. The best regression model is the log of cost backward model which gives an R2 of 0.661 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 19.3%; these results compare favorably with past research which has shown that traditional methods of cost estimation have values of MAPE typically in the order of 25%.


Ge99.04Mn0.96 thin film was fabricated by thermal evaporation of Mn doped GeO2 ceramic film under hydrogen atmosphere. Secondary phases were not detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses. The film is p type. Room-temperature ferromagnetism was detected in the film. The ferromagnetic behavior may arise from alignment of the bound magnetic polarons (BMP) mediated by the localized holes in the system as well as ultra small secondary phases unable to be detected by XRD and HRTEM analyses.


The article attempts to uncover the transformation of the urban environment of Krasnoyarsk, starting from the moment of its foundation until the end of the 20th century, as well as the influence of certain spheres of life (culture, industry, transport infrastructure, administrative and territorial position, etc.) and the environment on its formation. The article notes that the analysis of domestic and foreign studies of urban space confirms the validity of an appeal to an interdisciplinary type of research. The object of the research is the city of Krasnoyarsk as an actively developing metropolis with a rich history and its own administrative and cultural characteristics. The subject of research is the urban space of Krasnoyarsk. Observation and analytical and descriptive methods, which include the analysis of individual elements of the development of urban space in the specified period, followed by a generalization of the data, as well as comparative historical and dialectical methods, are used to solve the problems of the study. In addition, the main research methods include the analysis of architectural objects constructed in various years. In conclusion, the general conclusions and trends that characterize the specifics of the urban space of Krasnoyarsk, formed by the end of the 20th century and largely predetermined its development in the third millennium, are indicated


Measurements of the temperature of Mo shocked to $\ensuremath{\sim}60\text{ }\text{GPa}$ and then released to $\ensuremath{\sim}28\text{ }\text{GPa}$ were previously attempted by using high explosive driven flyer plates and pyrometry. The analysis of the radiance traces at different wavelengths indicates that the temporal evolution of the radiance can be explained by a contribution from the LiF window to the measured thermal radiation. By fitting the radiance traces with a simple model, which is supported by continuum dynamics studies, which were able to relate structures in the radiance history to hydrodynamic events in the experiment, the contribution of the window, and hence the temperature of the Mo sample, was obtained. The shock and release temperature obtained in the Mo was $762\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40\text{ }\text{K}$, which is consistent with calculations taking the contribution of plastic work to the heating into account. The radiance obtained for the LiF window shows a nonthermal distribution that can be described by a bulk temperature of $624\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}112\text{ }\text{K}$ and hot spots (less than 0.5% in total volume) within the window at a temperature of about 2000 K.


A combination of Malsburg Learning BP Network for handwritten alpha numeral identification has been designed and developed. The network combination has been used to train a set of standard data to recognize handwritten alpha numerals. With Holdout Method a separate labeled test data set has been used to measure the performance of the system in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and finally the f-score. The performance of the system is appreciable. The total time required for learning and performance evaluation is appreciably small, also the time taken to identify individual alpha numerals is small. Thus the present handwritten alpha numerals identification system is efficient, effective and fast.


The finite detector arrays and finite individual detector sizes of infrared imaging systems contribute to the nonideal sampling of the scene information. Aliasing will occur. This aliasing can significantly degrade the image quality, causing low resolution of acquired images. Two resolution improved techniques introduced here, are referred to as microscanning and uncontrolled-microscanning. On the basis of our study on image super-resolution, one new reconstruction technique using combination of microscanning and super-resolution algorithms was presented. The technique using MPMAP algorithm is demonstrated by experimental results and can significantly improve infrared system's resolution.


The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between government spending and economic diversification in Iraq for the period (2004-2019), using the ARDL model. The research concluded that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between investment spending and economic diversification in Iraq. When investment spending increases by (1%), this will lead to an increase in economic diversification by (0.23%), assuming that operating spending is stable, and the opposite happens in the case of decline. In addition to the existence of a long-term inverse equilibrium relationship between operating spending and economic diversification in Iraq, as an increase in operating spending by (1%) will lead to a decrease in economic diversification by (0.73%), assuming the stability of investment spending, and the opposite will happen in the event of decline.


The signal to noise ratio and resolution of an analog to digital converter is governed by the linearity constraints of the basic building block, which is the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The OTA design is based on MOS transistors that are inherently non linear and lead to performance deterioration. To overcome the non-linearities imposed by the OTA a resistive source degeneration technique is proposed. The use of linearization techniques leads to a tradeoff between transconductance and gain of the amplifier. The proposed Source Degenerated OTA (SDOTA) achieves Third order Intermodulation (IM3) of -62dB at a high frequency range of 70 MHz with an effective Transconductance of 655.8 µA/V. The SDOTA offers a gain of 14dB at a Unity Gain Frequency of 4.7 GHz and is implemented in 180nm CMOS technology.


In Western society, food is debated and in various ways contested. Social science research has described various cultural imperatives related to food and choices of diet, that raises questions abou ...


The present study aimed to identify organizational climate dimensions that are salient for police investigation performance and to explicate the mechanisms of the relationship between organizational climate and investigation performance. We conducted 38 semistructured interviews with participants at three job levels of police investigative work (chiefs of police, n = 11, senior investigating officers, n = 14, detectives, n = 13) in 11 Norwegian police districts. We analyzed the interview data by using a model of organizational climate based on the competing values framework (Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983). Two types of climate, human relations climate and rational goal climate, were perceived to enhance investigation performance. The findings indicate that a human relations climate enhances investigation performance by developing collective human capital and by supporting internal and external cooperation and coordination of resources. Moreover, the findings suggest that a rational goal climate increases investigation performance by encouraging planning, goal setting, and task focus.


The x-ray spectra, corresponding to the electric quadrupole transitions L1–M4,5, have been calculated for all lanthanides. An investigation of the influence of an open 4fN shell on the main characteristics of spectra has been performed. Due to the validity of the ground term approximation, the concentration of lines on the high-energy side of maxima takes place. When the 4fN shell is filled partially (N < 7), the natural width of L1–M4 maximum exceeds the width of L1–M5 maximum; for the almost filled shell the opposite result is obtained. It is explained by the change of total momentum of the ground level of 4fN shell from the minimum value at N ⩽ 2l + 1 to the maximum value at N > 2l + 1.


A constrained adaptive backstepping approach is used to design a flight control law for the nonlinear model of an F-16/MATV fighter aircraft. The objectives of the control law are to track command trajectories with the total velocity VT, the angle of attackand the stability-axes roll rate ps. Furthermore, regulation of the sideslip angleis provided. On-line parameter update laws that make use of B-spline neural networks are used to approximate the aerodynamic force and moment coefficients. Using the neural networks inside the adaptive backstepping framework ensures a stable weight updating process. The parameter update laws are able to compensate for any uncertainties or changes in the aerodynamics. The control law makes use of command filters to implement any physical or operating constraints on the control variables and states. The effect of these constraints on the input and states is estimated and used by the update laws to ensure a stable parameter estimation process even when these limitations are in effect. Simulation examples are presented to evaluate the control law on the nonlinear model of an F-16 fighter aircraft with Multi-Axis Thrust Vectoring (MATV) model. Initial simulations verify that the adaptive control law performs well on the undamaged aircraft model, the B-spline networks are able to estimate the dependency of the aerodynamic data on the aircraft variables. Longitudinal maneuvers with some symmetric structural damage and actuator damage scenarios are also simulated, where the adaptive control law has to deal with large sudden changes in the dynamics of the F-16/MATV model. The results of these simulations show that the constrained adaptive backstepping control law is able to provide accurate tracking, even after these sudden failures have occurred.


that the ways in which therapy and therapists were portrayed reflected the cultural zeitgeist, with each decade's depiction becoming less and less complimentary as the century unfolded. This book can be helpful as a reference tool for anyone interested in psychology and neuroscience on film. It can also be read for information on film in general or just for fun. On a negative note, there are numerous typographical errors throughout the book. They are quite distracting and can leave one asking if other errors, not as noticeable but more serious, could have occurred as information on each film was collected.


5. Ruttmann TG, James MF, Aronson I. In vivo investigation into the effects of haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (200/0.5) and normal saline on coagulation. Br J Anaesth 1998;80:612–6. 6. Ng KF, Lo JW. The development of hypercoagulability state, as measured by thrombelastography, associated with intraoperative surgical blood loss. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996;24:20-5. 7. Gibbs NM, Crawford GP, Michalopoulos N. Thrombelastographic patterns following abdominal aortic surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 1994;22:534–8. 8. Tuman KJ, Spiess BD, McCarthy RJ, Ivankovich AD. Effects of progressive blood loss on coagulation as measured by thrombelastography. Anesth Analg 1987;66:856–63. 9. Helin H. Macrophage procoagulant factors: mediators of inflammatory and neoplastic tissue lesions. Med Biol 1986;64:167-76. 10. Bick RL. Evaluation of a new hydroxyethyl starch preparation (Hextend) on selected coagulation parameters. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 1995;1:215–29.


Objectives: To develop nationally representative estimates of rates of diagnosis of depression; to determine rates and type of treatment received by those diagnosed with depression; and to ascertain socioeconomic differences and trends in treatment rates of depression, including the effect of supplemental insurance coverage, for elderly Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries.


Quite often modelers with constraint programming (CP) use the same modelling patterns for different problems, possibly from different domains. This results in recurring idioms in constraint progra ...


The network has provided us the modern measures for the ideological and political education, but it has simultaneously the negative impacts. The educators for the ideological and political education should realize the network scientifically, use the network creatively, work on the network platform with the advanced thought and culture, and create the new situation of the ideological and political education in the network time


Levodopa treatment has substantially improved the quality and duration of life for patients with PD. It was recognized early on, however, that symptomatic treatment of PD with levodopa had treatment-related complications such as dyskinesias, short-duration responses (SDRs), and behavioral and psychiatric problems. Further, patients with PD continue to decline in functional abilities and have a shortened life expectancy.

A potential role for dopamine agonists in PD treatment was recognized by Cotzias et al.1 in the late 1960s with apomorphine being the first agonist to be evaluated in a PD clinical trial. Apomorphine was efficacious when administered orally, but a liver metabolite of the drug caused renal failure, prohibiting its use as an oral agent for the treatment of patients with PD. Agonists have several potential advantages over levodopa. Agonists do not require metabolism to an active form (as is the case for levodopa) and do not compete with dietary amino acids for active transport across the gut epithelium and blood-brain barrier. There may also be increased reproducibility of the dose-response and time-action curves. Further, unlike levodopa, agonists may not generate potentially toxic free radicals and may be neuroprotective.

Four dopamine agonist drugs are approved for use in PD in the United States: bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, and ropinirole. In general, there are more similarities than differences among these drugs.2 Direct clinical comparisons between these four dopamine agonists are limited; their relative clinical efficacy remains unclear, and no consistent differences have been established. Each agonist has a similar frequency of dopaminergic side effects: nausea, orthostatic symptoms, somnolence, and hallucinations. The two initial agonists, bromocriptine and pergolide, are ergot derivatives and occasionally result in leg edema, Raynaud's phenomenon, erythromelalgia, and pleural and peritoneal fibrosis.

Recent direct comparisons of dopamine agonists vs levodopa for patients with early and mild PD have provided …


Mycobacteriophages Darionha, Salz, and ThreeRngTarjay are mycobacteriophages isolated using the host Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. Following isolation from soil samples, all three siphoviridae phages were characterized, and their genomes were sequenced and annotated. ABSTRACT Mycobacteriophages Darionha, Salz, and ThreeRngTarjay are mycobacteriophages isolated using the host Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. Following isolation from soil samples, all three siphoviridae phages were characterized, and their genomes were sequenced and annotated.


This paper describes the use of Ada95/DSA as middleware for modeling network's entities into distributed objects which can be used for both distributed execution and simulation without transformation of the model. First, general issues of simulation of network's entities are briefly presented. Then, the paper shows how DSA features are used to abstract these entities in a manner as they can be executed or simulated on a cluster of workstations. The DSA based model of distributed simulation is built on a combination of two kinds of classes: the first one support general purpose of distributed objects computing and the second deal with the development of distributed network elements. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, a partial implementation of classes that have been used to model routers running a subset of border gateway protocol (BGP) is presented.


Purpose: Free-floating thrombus (FFT) of the aorta is very rare but has a high risk of distal embolization. While the necessity of treating such a condition is evident, the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities remain controversial. Thus, we reviewed seven cases of FFT of the aorta. Methods: A retrospective study was performed usings even patients diagnosed with FFT of the aorta at the Catholic University of Korea between January 1999 and December 2008. We excluded those patients who had thrombi with concomitant atherosclerotic or aneurysmal aorta. Results: The mean patient age was 59.6±13.6 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 3:4. Embolization to arteries of the extremities occurred in two patients and to visceral arteries in four patients. Of these seven patients, four were initially treated with anticoagulation, and two were initially treated with thrombectomy; one patient refused any kind of treatment. Of the four patients treated with anticoagulation, three experienced complete dissolution of the thrombi while anticoagulation proved ineffective in the remaining patient who subsequently underwent thrombectomy. In all of the three patients who had received thrombectomy, postoperative anticoagulation was employed. There was no recurrence of FFT of the aorta during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Were commend systemic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as the first line of treatment for FFT of the aorta. If the thrombus persists or recurrent embolism occurs during anticoagulation therapy, surgery should be undertaken. (J Korean Surg Soc 2011;80:204-211)


Background and purpose: For secondary prevention of cardiogenic cerebral embolism with nonvalvular atrial fi-brillation (CE-NVAF), non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have become popular. This study sought to evaluate the current status of choice of oral anticoagulants (OACs), including warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. Methods: We studied a total of 197 patients with CE-NVAF who had been treated in our institute between June 2012 and February 2015. Among these, 80 patients were also examined who were treated between March 2014 and February 2015, when three NOACs had been available equally. Results: In the 197 patients, warfarin was chosen for 69 patients (35.0%) and NOACs for 100 (50.8%). Switching from NOACs to warfarin during follow-up was made in nine patients (9%) with severe disability. Compared to warfarin, NOACs were preferentially chosen for the patients with lower severity, better renal function, and better prognosis. In the 80 patients, multiple comparison tests among three NOACs showed statistical difference on initial National Institutes of Health and Stroke Scale score between rivaroxaban and apixaban groups. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the NOACs were chosen not only medically but also socioeconomically by attending physicians, which may suggest that public education of anti-coagulation therapy is important for primary care doctors, pharmacists, and caregivers including patients ' family.


A. bilimbi (ver. name Belimbing Buluh) contains many useful bioactive compounds leading to various activities such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-tuberculosis.
Analysis of the A. bilimbi extracts using UHPLC-QTOF-MS, qualitative analysis and identification using Metlin Database shows the presence of three compounds; nicotinic
acid, pantothenic acid and catechin. Following the mass spectrometry and UV spectra confirmation, the nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and catechin can be used as a marker of A. bilimbi. Recovery of bioactive compounds from the plant materials are normally performed via extraction. The yield of bioactive compound in the extract is dependent on the solvent used, extraction method and condition. In this work, ultrasonic assisted
extraction was studied. The highest extraction yields of 0.28 mg/g DW nicotinic acid, 1.00 mg/g DW pantothenic acid and 0.22 mg/g DW catechin from A. bilimbi were
obtained at temperature of 30 °C, sonication power of 0.070 W/ml, time of 30 min, solvent to solid ratio of 8 ml/g and methanol concentration of 40%. Bioactive compounds are known to suffer from a degradation process when exposed to high temperature over a long period, which is often the case during the extraction and powder making process. The recovery process is often accomplished at slightly elevated temperatures, thus it is vital to understand the loss of bioactive compounds due to thermal degradation before the mitigating method can be formulated. The results showed nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and catechin degradation followed the firstorder kinetics model. Pantothenic acid showed the lowest degradation rate constant, followed by nicotinic acid and catechin for all studied temperature, indicating a slowest degradation. The thermal degradation activation energy of nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and catechin were 43.85 kJ/mol, 58.86 kJ/mol, and 21.27 kJ/mol, respectively. Pantothenic acid has the highest activation energy which implies that the compound is more sensitive to temperature change. Microencapsulation can provide a physical barrier between the core compound and the other components of the product which would then provide a better heat protection during spray drying. Microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from A. bilimbi by spray drying using maltodextrin resulted in a
high retention of nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and catechin. Results obtained from this work demonstrated that the best operating conditions for spray drying of A. bilimbi extract whereby the highest retention of nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and catechin are 10% maltodextrin DE18 and air inlet temperature 140 °C.


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of compound Xiebai capsule (CXC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) with Lung Syndrome of Phlegm-Heat Stagnating.Methods:A randomized,double-blind and double-dummy,parallel positive drug-controlled trial was conducted in 474 AECB patients.They were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive either compound Xiebai capsule (n=360) and Qinbaohong capsule (control,n=120) for 10 days.The improvements of chronic bronchitis,TCM syndrome,asthma onset time and controlled time were employed to assess the efficacies.Adverse events and laboratory examination indexes were employed to assess the safety.Results:The efficacy of CXC on AECB and TCM syndrome was not inferior to that of control capsule.The improvement of TCM syndrome after 5-day treatment,asthma onset time,controlled time and the pulmonary rales in CXC group were superior to those in control group (P0.05).The adverse reactions were not significantly different between two groups (1.40% vs 1.69%,P=1.00).Conclusion:Compound Xiebai capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of AECB with Lung Syndrome of Phlegm-Heat Stagnating.


A study on frontline demonstration on chickpea was conducted in different villages of Sheopur district during 2012 to 2016. A total number of 69 farmers were associated under this programme. The demonstrations were laid out on farmers' field according to recommended package of practices of RVSKVV, Gwalior. The farmers' practice was considered as control plot in demonstrations. Chickpea yield under FLDs fluctuated over the years of demonstration. Grain yield of demonstration plot of chickpea was 19.2 q/ha (2012-13), 16.98 q/ha (2013-14), 15.82 q/ha (2014-15), 13.92 q/ha (2015-16) and 21.15 q/ha in 2016-17. There was significant increase in yield of chickpea over the control by 20.75%, 14.49%, 17.62%, 18.36% and 16.59% for the year 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 respectively. Moreover, production year 2016-17 observed to be more conducive year that registered maximum yield (21.15 q/ha) which was higher than potential yield (20.0q/ha) of chickpea variety RVG 202. The overall technologies adoption of chickpea production was increased by 247.03% due to FLDs. There was significant increase in area under improved varieties from 11.0 ha. to 104 ha. The FLD made positive impact on horizontal spread of recommended improved technologies of chickpea production.


Powerpoint Presentations - Ethnic distribution in the North Western part of the Russian Empire (mid 19th c. – 1914. Ethnic maps depicting Lithuanian distribution in Russian Empire (mid 19th century – 1914. Conference presentations, PhD dissertation


Graduates of clinical health care programs are expected to enter the workforce with professional skills applicable to the current healthcare setting. The authors believe the use of experiential education, where students are purposefully engaged in direct experience with an emphasis on reflection, increases the ability of students to develop clinical skills during their undergraduate and graduate education. This paper discusses the role of experiential learning for adult students in the clinical environment. Introduction Adult learners in clinical health care programs need certain prescribed skills and knowledge for their work in the community and industry. According to the Association for Experiential Education (2014), "Experiential education is a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their communities" (para. 3). The purpose of this paper is to examine the advantages of experiential learning for adult students who are enrolled in health care programs that require student participation in a clinical environment. In clinical programs housed in colleges and universities, experiential learning can be an important component of the instructional process. A conventional classroom tends to place the learning emphasis on the instructor who provides theoretical information, while the learner absorbs facts and applies them to a future quiz or test. Although students need certain basic knowledge from education, the act of acquiring this knowledge passively limits students in the ability to transfer skills to a clinical setting. Experiential education can be one of the key methods for effectively teaching adult learners in clinical health care programs. This paper discusses the application of experiential learning to adult education and clinical programs, including examples and recommendations. Experiential Learning Experiential learning is defined by Kolb (1984) as the process where knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. This type of learning is different from other learning theories as it acknowledges experience in the learning process (Svinivki & McKeachie, 2011). For example, cognitive learning theories emphasize cognition of affect, while behavioral learning theories tend to omit the role of subjective experience in the learning process (Cantor, 1997). These experiences can take place within or outside of the classroom, and are most effective when they offer meaning to the student (Svinivki & McKeachie, 2011). The experiential learning process involves a number of steps that offer a "hands on" experience to students and helps them engage with the content and reflect upon the application (Haynes, 2007). According to UC Davis (2011), an experiential learning activity must include exploration, sharing, processing, generalizing, and application. This requires the student to perform an activity or task, share the results and observations, discuss and then reflect on the process, connecting it with real world examples and applying it to another situation. These steps help demonstrate to the student that while the traditional content is important, a major factor is the learning process, which is at the center of experiential learning (Northern Illinois University,


Experiments on the simultaneous partitioning of divalent metal ions were carried out in the system K2Mg6Al2Si6O20(OH)4 (phlogopite) − KCl - (Ni2+,Mg2+,Co2+,Zn2+,Fe2+,Mn2+,Ca2+,Sr2+) Cl2 - H2O in the temperature range of 500 to 800 °C at 100 MPa, using the pressure vessel of a cold seal type.     The partition coefficient KPN (Phl) for the ion exchange reaction between phlogopite (Phl) and aqueous chloride solution (aq) can be expressed as follows:     KPN (Phl) = (X1/6K2Me6Al2Si6O20(OH)4 / X1/6K2Mg6Al2Si6O20(OH)4)     Phl / (mMeCl20 / mMgCl20)aq     where Me designates divalent metal ion, m: molality, and Xi: mole fraction of end-member i in biotite solid solution. The partition coefficient - ionic radius (PC-IR) curve marks a peak between Mg2+ and Fe2+. Zn2+ shows the same negative anomaly in the partition coefficients as observed in other minerals with 6-fold sites. Co2+ also represents such a negative anomaly as was previously found in tremolite and hedenbergite. Based on the previous and present experimental results, it is considered that the anomaly of Co2+ may be related with polymerization of Si tetrahedra.


Aquifers supporting irrigated agriculture are under stress worldwide as a result of large pumping‐induced water deficits. To aid in the formulation of more sustainable management plans for such systems, we have developed a water balance approach for assessing the impact of proposed management actions and the prospects for aquifer sustainability. Application to the High Plains aquifer (HPA) in the state of Kansas in the United States reveals that practically achievable reductions in annual pumping (<22%) would have stabilized areally averaged water levels over much of the Kansas HPA from 1996 to 2013. This demonstrates that modest pumping reductions can have a significant impact and highlights the importance of reliable pumping data for determining the net inflow (capture) component of the water balance. The HPA is similar to many aquifers supporting critically needed agricultural production, so the presented approach should prove of value far beyond the area of this initial application.


The present invention relates to a manufacturing method and a novel suspension concentrate formulation of an aqueous suspension concentrate formulation of the compound of formula I. The method includes the steps of: a) providing an assembly's aqueous slurry of the compound of formula I, wherein compounds of formula (I) in at least part a is present in its crystalline form B, the crystalline form B is, 25 ℃ and Cu-K b) in the presence of one or more surfactants, comprising the steps of coarse grinding of a slurry of the compound of formula I, wherein compounds of formula I are also a part at least is present in the form of its B.


Frost and Angelou 4 This criticism uses an organic approach to examine the rhetorical properties of Frost's and Angelou's inaugural poems and their individual enactments respective of the constraints and exigencies in the Presidential inaugurations of Kennedy and Clinton. Apparently responding to the constraints of television's sound bite as well as to exigencies of the traditional inauguration and the need to serve a new generation and a culturally diverse population, the Clinton Administration combined the poetic form, used to heighten an emotional response, with an enactment as a synecdochic symbol, used to assert sociopolitical ideology. Table of


Investing in Indonesia presents a promising avenue for enhancing its economic growth. However, individuals' investment decisions are often influenced by various factors that can lead to irrational choices and adversely affect their investments. This study aims to investigate the impact of three key factors - herding, risk tolerance, and overconfidence - on the decision-making process of stock investors. This research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing primary data collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The research sample consists of 80 respondents, comprising both FISIP UPN "Veteran" East Java students and customers of Galeri Investasi FISIP who actively invest in stocks. The sample selection employed purposive sampling techniques to ensure a targeted population representation. SmartPLS 4.0 software was employed to analyze the collected data, providing robust statistical analysis capabilities. The findings of this study reveal significant insights. Specifically, herding, risk tolerance, and overconfidence substantially influence the stock investment decisions made by FISIP UPN "Veteran" East Java students. By examining the interplay between these factors, the research sheds light on the underlying dynamics of investment decision- making processes among FISIP UPN "Veteran" East Java students. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors that shape investment behavior, offering valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and financial institutions aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of investment strategies in Indonesia.


The aim of our study was to test if dendritic cells contain the KSHV genome. CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in X‐VIVO 15 medium supplemented with GM‐CSF and TNF‐alpha in gas‐permeable containers. Dendritic cells were identified morphologically and immunophenotypically. The KSHV genome was not identified in any of the cases using a nested primer PCR approach. Serological analysis corroborated the molecular findings: no antibodies for KSHV were found in any of the multiple myeloma patients. These data are of importance when considering use of DC for therapeutic approaches in multiple myeloma.


Our previous work (Konda et al., 2014) has shown that the traditional IL pretreatment configuration – referred to as the water-wash (WW) route – presents environmental challenges (due to excessive water usage during the water-wash step) and economic challenges (due to wastewater treatment costs). In an effort to move away from this WW configuration, the Pretreatment group (Shi et al., 2014) developed a novel process in which the water-wash step was eliminated. This simplification was possible with the use of an IL-tolerant enzyme mixture (JTherm), which eliminated the need for IL removal prior to hydrolysis, and is referred to as JTherm process in this study. In a previous study (Konda et al., 2014), we showed that the JTherm process, while successful in reducing water demand, required further improvements to achieve significant cost savings relative to the WW route. This was largely due to the lack of economically viable technologies to extract sugars from the resulting hydrolysate. To address this challenge, JBEI's Pretreatment group has recently developed a novel one-pot (OP) process, using biocompatible ILs, that does not require any separation steps (i.e., water-wash or sugar extraction) between pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Furthermore, this process is capable of handling 'high gravity' conditions (i.e., >20% solids loading) and thus referred to as the OP-HG process. In this work, we have evaluated the economic viability of this OP-HG Genomic Science Contractors–Grantees Meeting XIV and USDA‐DOE Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Meeting, March 6-9, 2016 -http://genomicscience.energy.gov/pubs/2016abstracts/


Summary Adult students face several challenges in their encounters with the new computerized library of today. Having been out of school for several years many adult students are unfamiliar with the computerized revolution that has taken place within the library. Reference librarians on the other hand, face several challenges in helping adult students become familiarized with the new technologies. This article discusses some of the challenges both adult students and reference librarians face at Cuesta College, a mid-size community college in San Luis Obispo, California. Successful techniques for addressing some of these challenges are also exemplified.


The modern history of Singapore starts on the 9th August 1965, when Singapore was 'expelled' from the federation of Malaysia due to differences between the political establishments within Singapore and the Malaysian government of that time. Overnight, the economic prospects of Singapore looked bleak. Looking at it from a purely Western point of view, Singapore had all the numbers stacked up against them. The literacy rate was just 57% of the small population of around 2.7 million aBStract


A distinct decomposition method for solving integer linear programming problems with pentagonal fuzzy numbers by using classical integer linear programming has been proposed. Some properties of the above said notion have been studied. Both the symmetric and non-symmetric fuzzy numbers have been utilized in integer linear programming problem. Relevant numerical illustrations have been included to justify the proposed notion. AMS Subject Classification: 65K05, 90C10, 90C70, 90C90


"Actually, I have enjoyed my job more than anything else." Gainful employment as a health resource for women. : Results from a qualitative study.


Changes in the horizontal resolution of a global, 3-d, mechanistic model lead to crucial differences in the large scale structure of the simulated northern stratosphere. With a meridional resolution of 5° and a vertical resolution of 1.7 km, an increase of the zonal resolution from 22.5° to 5.625° brings about an enhancement of the planetary wave activity and also a more stable polar vortex. A further increase of the horizontal resolution to 2.8125°×2.5° longitude latitude resolution yields overall a more robust polar vortex, which is less probably susceptible to mid-winter breakdown. Two idealised experiments which generate planetary waves with different amplitudes to produce minor or major disturbed conditions have been performed at each resolution. While at minor disturbed conditions the isolation of the polar vortex increases towards higher resolutions, at major disturbed conditions at the highest resolution a frontal wave which exchanges air between the interior of the polar vortex and midlatitudes develops at the edge of the polar vortex.


Eye location is always an important step in face recognition. In this paper a united method for eye locating algorithm is introduced. This new algorithm involves three main steps. First, AdaBoost algorithm classifier is introduced here to locate eye-pair roughly; Second, an eye accurately locating methods with Minimum Extremal Region (MER) is introduced; Finally, a united processing based on the above two results is used for accurate eye location. This algorithm has good results in CAS-PEAL, JAFFE and our own database.


This paper presetts an analytical overview of the agrarian reform measures which resulted from the commendations of the Land Reforms Committee, 1983. The recommendations have beet gives legislative shape, first in the Land Reforms Ordinance, 1984 and secondly in the Agricultural Labour (Minimum Wages) Ordinance, 1984. The overview is presented in respect of the ownership ceiling on land, protection of the rights of the sharecropper, legally establishing the minimum wages for agricultural labourers, establishing a decentralised and strengthened survey and settlement administration, initiation of stops to expand the resource base of local government institutions.


Objective:To understand the prevalence of cervical erosion among women in child-bearing age in our county and discuss relevant risk factors,in order to provide the basis for establishing an effective and comprehensive intervention system.Methods:We conducted a gynecological survey among 1979 married women in child-bearing age in our county and performed relevant lab tests,and then a statistical analysis was done on the results.Results:The prevalence rate of cervical erosion among married women in child-bearing age in our county is 33.96%.Based on the distribution of population in Jianhu County at the end of 2008,the adjustment rate is 36.02%.Using the method of normal approximation,we can get the conclusion that 95% of confidence interval of age adjustment rate is 30.50%-38.55%.Conclusion:Cervical erosion is the result of multiple interacting factors.A multi-disciplinary and inter-departmental coordination effort is needed in strengthening education on reproductive health and further promoting the prevention and control work of reproductive tract infection in order to reduce the prevalence rate of cervical erosion among married women in child-bearing age.


The work is devoted to the theoretical study of the elastic properties of tractor wheels and the analysis of the effect of air pressure in the tires and vertical loads on the wheel axles. According to the developed computer program, which allows to implement the method of calculating the characteristics of the elastic properties of tractor wheels with pneumatic tires proposed in this work, one-factor and complete factor computer experiments of two types were carried out. In computer experiments of the first type, the dependences of the elasticity coefficients of a number of elastic wheels were investigated when operating on the practically non-deformable basis of tractors MTZ-82 and MTZ-142 from the air pressure in the tires at different values of the vertical dynamic loads on the axes of the corresponding wheels of tractors. In computer experiments of the second type, the dependences of the elasticity coefficients and the normal deflection of the wheels with tires of different sizes from the air pressure in the tires at constant values of the vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axles were investigated. In computer experiments of both types, the deviations of the elastic properties of elastic wheels found by calculation are within the limits of the accuracy of measurements of the experimental data. Based on the results of computer experiments of the first type, regression equations were obtained reflecting the dependence of the elasticity coefficients of the elastic wheels studied on the air pressure in the tire for various values of the vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axes. According to the results of computer experiments of the second type, equations of regression of the coefficients of elasticity and normal deflection of wheels with tires of different sizes from air pressure in tires at constant values of vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axle are obtained. The high correlation values for these regression equations indicate the high importance of the relationships in the found correlation dependencies. The application of the proposed calculation method makes it possible to simplify and shorten the work on the choice of tires of optimum sizes to different tractors, taking into account the specific conditions of their operation. It was calculated that wheels with tires 18.4R38 are optimal on the rear axle of the MTZ-82 tractor.


To discover the inner properties of human expert heuristics, which were successful in a certain class of complex control systems, and apply them to different systems, we develop a formal theory, the Linguistic Geometry*. This research relies on the formalization of search heuristics of highly-skilled human experts. These heuristics allow to introduce (if necessary) artificial conflict and manage complex system as a two-player opposing pursuit-evasion game. The following decomposition of the complex system into the hierarchy of dynamic subsystems allows to solve otherwise intractable problems reducing the search. The hierarchy of subsystems is represented as a hierarchy of formal attribute languages. This paper includes a brief survey of Linguistic Geometry, and two comprehensive examples of conflict management in planning for autonomous aerospace robotic vehicles and in scheduling for power production plant maintenance. These examples demonstrate that Linguistic Geometry tools generate high quality solutions and provide dramatic search reduction in comparison with conventional search


Recently, the mechanism of autoprocessing of the protease (PR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from the model polyprotein, MBP-ΔTF-PR-ΔPol, which contains the protease linked to short native flanking sequences (ΔTF and ΔPol) fused to the maltose binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli, was reported (Louis, J. M., Nashed, N. T., Parris, K. D., Kimmel, A. R., and Jerina, D. M.(1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 7970-7974). According to this mechanism, intramolecular cleavage of the N-terminal strands of the dimeric MBP-ΔTF-PR-ΔPol protein leads to the formation of the PR-ΔPol intermediate, which is subsequently converted to the mature protease by cleavage of the C-terminal strands. We now report the purification and characterization of the PR-ΔPol intermediate and the kinetics of its processing to the mature protease. Unlike the MBP-ΔTF-PR-ΔPol precursor, PR-ΔPol has proteolytic activity similar to that of the mature enzyme at pH 5.0. The pH rate profile for k/K is similar to that of the mature protease above pH 4.0. Although the PR-ΔPol is more sensitive than the mature protease toward denaturing reagents, both the enzymatic activity and the intrinsic fluorescence of PR-ΔPol are linearly dependent on the protein concentration, indicating that the protein is largely in its dimeric form above 10 nM. In contrast to the first-order kinetics observed for the proteolytic reaction at the N terminus of the protease, the proteolytic reaction at the C terminus of the protease is second order in protein concentration. These results are discussed in terms of a mechanism in which the C-terminally located ΔPol peptide chains are cleaved intermolecularly to release the mature protease.


The origin of the family is as questioned and ancient as the very origin of humanity, and is so linked to man and his essence that cannot be separated from its most remote history, it is not vain to say that it is the social institution of greatest historical and legal transcendence that has existed throughout the different stages of civilization.  This article presents the socio-historical evolution of this form of family constitution that has been discriminated against due to its unequal regulation against the regulations that regulate other sources of family origin in the world.


PURPOSE: A foldable multi-display device is provided to form a single large-scaled screen by connecting a plurality of flat board display elements while minimizing a non-display area due to the contact of neighboring sides of the flat board display elements, wherein the flat board display elements are safely protected from any shock or damages by covering exposed portions with protection elements. CONSTITUTION: A foldable multi-display device includes at least two flat board display elements(2,4) disposed neighboring each other when folded horizontally, panel housings for receiving the flat board display elements at both sides divisionally and respectively having an opening formed by cutting a side wall around the boundary part for disposing one side of one of the flat board display elements in the vicinity of one side of the other one and an opening base(22a) for supporting the flat board display elements, protection elements(14) for covering front screens of the flat board display elements, side surfaces of the boundary part, and covering side surfaces of the flat board display elements when the surfaces are exposed to the outside as the panel housing is folded, and a folding supporting element for connecting and supporting the panel housing to be folded or spread out by an angle of at least 180°.


Materials possess a number of objective characteristics, the values of which can be determined experimentally. On the other hand, materials also have a number of subjective characteristics, such as perceived quality, perceived performance, and so on. These perceived features are very important in constructing the product's aesthetics. The paper presents the results of three experiments performed to determine perceived characteristics (quality, performance, durability, modernity, and aesthetics) associated with four classes of materials (metal, plastic, wood, and ceramics). Computer-designed product models were used in the experiments. All products used in the experiment were low-tech. The design was  varied on three levels: minimal, elaborate, and exceptional. Differences in perception were found for each level of design. It has been found that the elaborate design improves the perception of the characteristics of the materials, but the  exceptional design has a negative influence on the perception. Plastics benefit greatly from the contribution of design, while wood (traditional material) is better perceived in the case of minimal design.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Ficus Carica polysaccharide on the levels of interleukin-1a produced by peritoneal macrophages,lymphocyte proliferation,interleukin-2 and its receptor in immunosuppressive mice.METHODS Immunodeficiency mice induced by injecting cyclophosphamide were divided into high and low dosage groups of Ficus Carica polysaccharide solution(with the dosage of 400,100 mg·kg-1 respectively),xianggu duotang pill group(100 mg·kg-1),iso-volume physiological saline group and blank control group,with 6 mice in each group.Administration was carried out with the same time of model estahlisbment for successive 7 days.The interleukin-1a produced by peritoneal macrophages,lymphocyte proliferation,formation and activity of IL-2 in spleen cells and the level of SIL-2R in mice were measured.RESULTS Ficus Carica polysaccharide can promote the secretion of IL-1α in peritoneal macrophages and IL-2 in spleen cell,and reduce the level of serum SIL-2R in the immunosuppressive mice.CONCLUSION Ficus Carica polysaccharide exhibits better effect on im-proving immunocopetence.


Fahr's disease, also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, is a rare and low prevailing neurological disorder in our environment, characterized by abnormal calcifications in several areas of the brain and seen primarily in the basal ganglia It exhibits a variable clinic of neuropsychiatric manifestations generally complemented by pseudohypoparathyroidism, a diagnosis that represents a challenge in the clinical practice and should be based in imaging and the compliance of diagnostic criteria.
A specific treatment is yet to be established, with symptomatic management being the best choice for those who suffer from it since they can benefit of good conditions despite a serious prognosis.This article presents the case of a 79 year old woman who is admitted for a clinical profile of a three-day progress of drowsiness and delirium. Infection and hydroelectrolytic disorders are dismissed as an explanation to these symptoms. With CT scans and contrasted magnetic resonance imaging, Fahr disease is confirmed. Symptomatic treatment is started with a clinical progressive recovery of her neurological condition and a positive progress in the hospital discharge.


In this work we propose a Web-centric approach for estimating legislative bill tendency. Our main assumption is that the current state of the Web represents a complex system that reflects human thinking and behavior. Today's Web services are characterized by user generated content, allowing everyone to interact and share their view about almost any topic, in the form of posts, comments, reviews, etc. If that data is extracted and efficiently aggregated, it could be possible to obtain a general estimation or view of a given phenomenon or event. We perform semi supervised classification of legislative bill by generating vector representations using three methods, Term Frequency vectors, Topic Models and Word Embeddings with the goal of estimating the tendency of a bill to favor corporations and industries over common good. The output, which can be seen as an estimation of the ideology of a bill, is then used to support political analysis, specifically, to study the relationship between campaign funding and voting behavior.


This study examines the participation of firms in online communities as a means to enhance demand for their products. We begin with theoretical arguments and then develop a simulation model to illustrate how demand evolves as a function of interpersonal communication and a firm's chosen strategy. In this model, the firm's strategy involves allocating advocates who promote its product in online communities. Our model results point to some key parameters informing firms' strategies when social learning processes shape demand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Source of Support Nil.

Disclosures None declared.

Cite as: John M. Invited-rejected: the perils of superficiality. Heart, Lung and Vessels. 2014; 6(1): 67-68.


Super-high speed point-grinding is an advanced manufacture technology that has integrated high speed grinding,thin super-abrasive wheel and CNC turning technologies,and has many excellent performances in grinding shafts process.The development and the technical characters of super-high speed point-grinding were introduced,and the key technology and application on automobile manufacturing of super-high speed point-grinding were also analyzed.The significance of super-high speed point-grinding on automobile manufacturing was presented.


This writing understood the early 1920's poetry of a literature phenomenon and investigated that from the viewpoint which is a linguistic feature and the method of writing. Specially, observed what kind of language which they used and that language how expressed with art and method. In the first place, we confirmed the objective of the early 1920's poetic language is representation of meaning. The marking method which is various shows a powerful desire of the poet to agree subject's inner emotion with language. The second, the literary man borrowed a very familiar objective or abstraction word meaning help and oneself whom it discovers newly they put out and they expressed. The rhetoric occurred from here, most it wore a metaphor structure. The last, the early 1920's poetic language was the object of the imitation, simultaneously it was a result of the imitation. To past there is not a thing which does not imitate the language of poem and it is a newly form. It is own contact detonation. As a result of these, the early 1920's poetic language is the process of national language which is unification of the written and spoken language. This writing primarily has an interest is the early 1920's poetic language. The purpose of this writing is not to reveal the transparent characteristic of the language which is pure, but an aesthetic sense of the initial the literary man whom it acquires from language. There is a possibility of revealing the aesthetics of the literary style of the early 1920's poetry keeps.


[Abstract] Ubiquitin can be added to substrate protein as a protein tag by the concerted actions of ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) and ubiquitin protein ligase (E3). At the present of E1 and ubiquitin, E2 activity can be determined by the thio-ester formation. The E3 activity of a putative protein as well as the E2/E3 or E3/substrate specificities also can be explored by in vitro ubiquitination assay. The result can be detected by western blot with certain antibody. Purified proteins expressed from bacterial system are always used in this assay.


By means of questionnaire investigation, experimental teaching strategies of physics teachers are summarized and teaching senses of the physics teachers are analyzed. The results show that most physics teachers could not understand deeply the educational meaning of physical experiments and the senses of teaching is comparatively behind the times. These make the physics teachers not to take effective experimental teaching strategies.


A series of centrifuge model tests has been conduced to examine the behavior of high strength piles composite foundation stability under railway embankment in silt or clay or sand different kind of soils. The high strength composite foundation has a symmetrical plan layout consisting of 3×4, 4×6, and 5×8 piles with a center-to-center spacing of 6 or 4 or 3 times pile width. The piles are under the same height of railway embankment, with the same length, and on the same lying soil layer. The high strength composite foundation stability test results are expressed in terms of soils kinds-pile displacement response of the composite foundation, embankment load experienced by soil between piles and piles in the composite foundation, and bending moment profile along individual pile. It is established that the high strength composite foundation stability efficiency reduces significantly with decreasing of the strength of soil between piles in composite foundation. The tests reveal the shadowing effect phenomenon in which the marginal piles experienced larger laterally and bending moment than that of the central piles. The shadowing effect is most significant for the lead row piles and considerably less significant for subsequent rows of middle piles. The approach adopted by many researchers of taking the average performance of piles in the same row is found to be inappropriate for the middle rows, of piles for composite foundation as the outer piles in the row carrying significantly more laterally load and experience considerably higher bending moment than those of the inner piles.


Capillary zone electrophoresis provides a rapid method for the analysis of minute amounts of amino acids. A laser-based absorbance technique is used to determine phenylthiohydantoin amino acids with detection limits of 10 -15 mol; separation of 20 amino acids, based on micelle modified zone electrophoresis, requires 13 minutes


This paper,for the first time,puts forward the definition,development principles,uncorrect practice of the experiential tourist product with participation,analyses the situation of that of Hefei,and then puts forward the conception of further development.


Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of small-grain cereals that causes economic losses due to both yield reduction and mycotoxin contamination worldwide. To optimize the regional management of the disease, knowledge of risk factors associated with FHB outbreaks and mycotoxin accumulation are essential steps. Therefore, a two-year survey was conducted during the summers of 2018 and 2019, where naturally FHB-infected spikes from different hosts were collected across the major cereal-producing regions of Pennsylvania (herewith defined as South, Central, and North). FHB severity (%) data were recorded from each field. Furthermore, a collection of 307 Fusarium graminearum isolates was used to investigate specific components of the pathogen biology, such as the composition of the trichothecene genotype, saprophytic and pathogenic fitness, and sensitivity to triazole-based fungicides. Our results confirm that FHB is an important disease in PA, and the risk of disease epidemics may be impacted by both the year, as well as the location. Overall, the regional population of F. graminearum causing FHB in PA is the 15ADON genotype. Based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, F. graminearum populations obtained from three distinct small-grain management regions could not be differentiated for the majority of fitness traits examined. All isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and metconazole fungicides in vitro. Overall, this new knowledge can help shed light on the relative importance of FHB epidemics in Pennsylvania and provide directions for monitoring the sustainability of the integrated strategies used to manage FHB and mycotoxin accumulation.


UNLABELLED
>

OBJECTIVE
To understand the prevalence of high risk sex behaviors and HIV infection status among the female sex workers (FSWs) from Vietnam in Yunnan province during a 5 year intervention project and provide evidence for the improvement of the behavior intervention among this population.

METHODS
The survey was conducted annually among Vietnamese FSWs sampled in a county near China-Vietnam border to collect the information about their demographic characteristics, high risk sex behaviors and HIV test results through questionnaire and in-depth interview by bilingual outreach team. The behavior intervention included peer advise, training, lectures, interactive games, free condom distribution. The database was set up with Excel 2003 and the results were analyzed with SPSS 16.0.

RESULTS
The condom use rates among the Vietnamese FSWs at commercial sex in last month were 1.5%, 36.0%, 67.7%, 86.5% and 90.3% (P<0.05) respectively; and the condom use rates at the latest sex were 89.5%,44.8%, 86.6%,92.5% and 99.0% respectively (P<0.05) . The HIV antibody positive rates were 7.5%, 3.6%, 5.9%, 4.0% and 3.1% respectively (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION
The condom use rate of Vietnamese FSWs at commercial sex increased by more than 90% after the 5 year intervention project. However, the HIV-infection rate was still high. It is necessary to promote condom use among FSWs from Vietnam and their regular sex partners and strengthen the health education among clients.


Vascular calcification contributes importantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [1]. This is in addition to other factors, such as activation of the renin–angiotensin system, an imbalance of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, anemia, inflammation and sympathetic activation [2]. Alarmingly, vascular calcification can already be found in young patients with ESRD in their late teens or early twenties [3,4]. Predisposing factors are hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia due to secondary hyerparathyroidism, and an elevated Ca P ion product [5]. Supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] reduces secondary hyperparathyroidism in vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-insufficient patients with chronic kidney disease. In ESRD, renal conversion of 25(OH)D3 to the active compound calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] is insufficient and supplementation of active vitamin D compounds is then necessary (http://www.kidney.org/professionals/ kdoqi/guidelines_bone/Guide7.htm). However, these guidelines are not adapted to pediatric patients. Clearly, the situation in these growing patients is different [6]. At present, no published guidelines for management of bone metabolism in children with renal disease exist, but active vitamin D compounds are widely prescribed for this population. In patients with hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia or an elevated Ca P ion product, vitamin D is not advised [7] because this may result in vascular calcification [8].However, vascular calcification is also observed in ESRD patients with vitamin D supplementation and apparently adequate control of calcium and phosphate levels, suggesting that the Ca P ion product is often on the verge of crystallization, and that renal disease in itself may be a permissive factor.


The computer aided method is quite different from modal analysis, because it shows the actual vibrations during vehicle operation. Up to approx. 200 accelerometer signals from a car which is operated on a dynamometer are recorded in groups of 11 together with rpm-pulses and a reference phase signal on analog tape. Each signal is then analyzed by order-tracking and fed into a computer which converts it to complex displacements versus rpm. This data enables different plots and animated vibration displays of a car model. A special hardware shall be built to reduce the processing time and to enable an on-line animated display of the vibrating vehicle.


An N-path multirate Sigma-Delta Modulator (SDM) was recently proposed where the first integrator was implemented using an N-path architecture and a comb filter. The replacement of the first integrator in the N-path structure and the comb filter can relax the speed requirements of the opamps in the first stage and alleviate various mismatch effects. An improved structure for the comb filter is proposed here which eliminates thoroughly the mismatch effects between paths. Analysis and simulations also show that the proposed structure makes the N-path multirate SDM more stable and mismatch insensitive.


The examination and verification of the final estimate of the works, which are of vital importance to many-sided economic benefits, ask the personnel being charged with the compilation of the final estimate possessing excellent professional quality, understanding the construction organization plan, verifying the quantities conscientiously, being familiar to the calculation rules, the contents of the sub-divisional works and each service fee norm, doing well the final estimate with the fair attitude, and maintaining the benefits of each side.


Separation of concerns is an important concept in software development. Every software application consists of multiple concerns, examples are: what is to be computed, how the results are displayed, who is authorized to view the results, which data is logged, etc. Separation of these concerns allows a programmer to focus on a single concern, without having to consider everything at once [10]. During the software life cycle, concerns often evolve separately. Therefore, evolution scenarios are better supported when concerns are separated. To separate concerns, software is typically decomposed in separate parts, called modules [6]. These modules are integrated in a coherent program by using composition operators. Composition operators are the language mechanisms which let programmers compose behaviour and/or data, defined as separate entities. Examples of composition operators are: function application, inheritance, delegation, pointcut-advice mechanisms, composition filters, etc. Function application allows the invo-cation of functionality defined separately—as a function definition—by using a call statement. Inheritance and delegation allow addressing fields and methods defined separately—as part of a super class or delegatee. Depending on the situation, different composition operators are needed, but no language provides all possible relevant operators. When a language does not provide a composition operator with the desired compositional behaviour, workarounds have to be used by the programmer. That is, introducing new operators by writing glue code, for example as macros, libraries, frameworks or language extensions. Often, these newly introduced operators are only partially integrated with the language. Therefore, its use might require additional glue code to be written, of which an example is given in the next paragraph. Typically, such glue code solutions suffer from a lack of maintainability. As shown in [16], delegation is a composition operator that requires additional glue code when explicit language support is lacking. In object-oriented languages that do not support explicit delegation [25], similar functionality can be simulated by 1 2 Introduction forwarding calls from one object to another. However, when forwarding a call in this way, the self or this object context changes from the object the call was originally sent to—the interface object—to the object to which the call is delegated. In contrast, in languages that support explicit delegation, the self context does not change when delegating an operation. This difference leads to the so-called self problem in languages that do not support explicit delegation [25]. That is, self-calls within the object to which a call is delegated, will always …


"The Satyricon" of Petronius and the "Metamorphoses" (or "The Golden Ass") of Apuleius are the only novels written at Rome before AD 200 to have survived. The genre is the comic romance, the literature of relaxation in the ancient world. This study defines the genre and sets it in the context of other forms of fiction of the period. It shows that both Petronius and Apuleius introduced important innovations into the traditional comic romance. A critical study of "The Satyricon" is included, with a separate chapter on Trimalchio's feast, a central comic episode of the book. "The Golden Ass" is similarly examined, again with special analysis of its centre piece, the story of Cupid and Psyche. The book assesses the later influence of the two novels on the mainstream of European picaresque fiction.


Performing limb salvage with safe margins and preserving meaningful function is very difficult in the setting of primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumors due to the complex and constrained anatomy of the foot and ankle. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of limb salvage procedures in terms of functional and oncological outcomes.


The effects of high-order fields of a tightly focused laser beam on the generation of relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattered radiations by a relativistic electron were investigated through numerical simulations. The high-order terms of the laser fields obtained by a series expansion in a diffraction angle were found to strongly affect the nonlinear Thomson scattered radiations by an increase in the transverse acceleration when electrons co-propagate with the laser pulse: the spectral range was broadened by a large factor and the angular power was enhanced by seven orders of magnitude compared to the corresponding values for a paraxial Gaussian laser beam. For electron energies higher than 200 MeV, the scaling exponent of the peak angular power with respect to the initial electron energy was also found to increase by a factor of 2.5 compared to the case of the paraxial laser beam.


1. The method of spike‐triggered averaging has been used to detect a direct influence of pyramidal tract neurones on the activity of hand and forearm muscles in conscious monkeys trained to perform repetitive movements of the hand and fingers. Gross electromyograms (e.m.g.s) from individual muscles were rectified and synchronously averaged with respect to the discharge of single, antidromically identified pyramidal tract cells in the 'hand' area of the pre‐central gyrus. 2. The presence in an average of a post‐spike facilitation which could be revealed reproducibly from successive epochs of recording and was clearly larger than the biggest fluctuations seen in pseudo‐randomly triggered averages of the same e.m.g. data, was taken to indicate a direct cortico‐motoneuronal excitatory influence. 3. 55% of cortical neurones analysed showed post‐spike facilitation in one or more recorded muscle and 7% showed post‐spike suppression. In terms of the total number of muscle‐neurone combinations analysed, the proportions showing post‐spike effects were 18 and 1% respectively. These figures have been influenced by the pre‐selection of neurones for analysis according to restrictive criteria. The neurones selected (a) were recorded at cortical loci where weak intracortical microstimulation could evoke finger movements, (b) could be activated antidromically at short latency by medullary pyramidal tract stimulation, (c) showed natural discharge activity which was clearly modulated in relation to voluntary finger movements, and (d) were located in the anterior bank of the central sulcus. The results provide some evidence to vindicate these criteria. 4. The strongest post‐spike facilitation observed had a peak which was 42% higher than the average pre‐spike level of e.m.g. activity, but most were within the range 5‐20%. Facilitation peaks below about 3% could not have been resolved from the 'noise' in the averages. The mean latency from cell discharge in the cortex to the start of the post‐spike facilitation was 11.2 ms (range 7.4‐17.2) for intrinsic hand muscles and 9.8 ms (range 4.1‐15.0) for forearm muscles. These latencies were compared with the latencies of responses to intracortical microstimulation and to stimulation of the medullary pyramidal tract. 5. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the latency for cortico‐motoneuronal activation of an individual motor unit was commonly subject to considerable variability and that different motor units of a muscle could be facilitated by the one cortical neurone at different latencies. These factors are thought to contribute to an elongation of the time course of post‐spike facilitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


The topological derivative (TD) for shape analysis has been employed in image segmentation, and machine learning schames based on convolutional neural network (CNN) provide the high performance in the image processing. The supervised and unsupervised approaches have different roles and advantages according to their concepts. To maximize the benefits of two approaches, we propose CNN-TD based segmentation approach. A CNN-based segmentation scheme is employed to faithfully consider the characteristics of an object to be segmented in a given image, and we refine the CNN results using a TD-based scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme produces better performance for the prostate segmentation than the refined results by level set-based schemes. Therefore, we believe that the proposed scheme can be a useful tool for effective medical image segmentation.


This article gives an overview of the success of automated toll collection projects in Florida, with focus on the E-Pass program and the SunPass system. The article makes note of challenges still faced by authorities managing the programs, such as accuracy in vehicle separation and axle counting, and violation enforcement.


Abstract:  Pathogenesis of endometriosis involves growth factors, which are synthesized locally. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) prevents apoptosis and has mitogenic action on endometrial cells. The IGF‐1 gene undergoes alternative splicing and results in three isoforms (IGF‐1Ea, IGF‐1Eb, and IGF‐1Ec or MGF). We analyzed the mRNA expression of IGF‐1 isoforms in tissue samples of eutopic endometrium and endometriotic cyst obtained during laparoscopy from women with endometriosis. We documented that all three IGF‐1 isoforms are expressed in both eutopic endometrium and ovarian endometrioma. Furthermore, we documented a significant decrease in all IGF‐1 isoform expression in endometriotic cyst compared to endometrium of women with endometriosis. The reduction may correlate with the disease status and presence of fibrotic inactive tissue found in late stages of the disease.


Innovation is often referred to as successful exploitation, implementation and setting of ideas and its common denominator is value creation. The contexts of innovation are various, among which, the innovation ecosystem that concerns the future-oriented value creation regarding the multifaceted nature of innovation. The service-dominant logic brings a new perspective to the process of value creation by mechanisms of value co-creation and co-destruction, turning value creation into a social construction that leads to tremendous challenges in innovation studies. This study proposes a conceptual framework to understand the value network of innovation, named Innovation Theater. Its goal is to capture the logic of value and resources within the actors and stakeholders embedded in any innovation or innovation's context. The framework has been built upon the literature discussed and is based on three base foundations. It contributes to the literature by understanding the essence, analysis and orchestration of innovation in its context.


Abstract An analytical shelf-ocean coupled model has been developed to study the upwelling system off the south-eastern part of South Australia (Bonney Coast). The shelf model is depth-integrated while the outer ocean has two layers of different water properties. It is assumed that the cold water comes from the bottom layer of the ocean model. When the shelf slope is of exponential form in the cross-shore distance, an analytical solution is obtainable. The two-layered ocean contains both barotropic and baroclinic modes, and allows an initial along-shore current in either layer. The shelf and the ocean are then coupled through continuity in both the surface elevation and cross-shore transport. The shelf width significantly affects the upwelling rate, with a smaller rate for a greater width. The upwelling rate is found to be directly proportional to the proximity of the cold water to the shelf head. Upwelling near the shelf break is reduced with an initial surface current flowing in the opposite direction to the upwelling favourable wind, and the reduction increases with the strength of the initial current. Although upwelling further off the shelf break is slightly increased, the reduction of the upwelling near the shelf break is more prominent when the upwelling favourable wind lasts for only a short time. An initial subsurface current flowing in the same direction as the upwelling favourable wind is seen to produce similar features. The above results are applicable to the upwelling system off the Bonney Coast where an upwelling favourable zone is observed in the region of a narrow shelf and a small initial current.


Synopsis Edinburgh Castle Rock forms part of a plug of fresh, hard basalt emplaced in Carboniferous sediments. Radial, circumferential and dome joint sets may be recognized on the rock faces forming the sides of the Rock. Joint controlled rock falls have occurred from these faces and a programme of rock bolting and grouting has been undertaken in order to stabilize some of these movements. Experimental trials have been carried out as part of this work to determine the stresses developed in rock bolt systems, the ultimate strengths of bolts installed under different conditions and the extent of relaxation of tension in the bolts with time. Le rocher du Château d'Edimbourg fait partie d'un bouchon de basalte dur, frais noye dans des sediments carboniferes. Des series a joint radial, peripherique et en coupole peuvent etre reconnues sur les parois rocheuses qui forment les cotes du rocher. Des eboulements de joints controles ont eu lieu a partir de ces parois et un programme de boulonnage et d'injection de l...


This article constitutes the
second introductory article
to the special collection on
'Doing urban public theology
in South Africa: Visions,
approaches, themes and
practices towards a new
agenda' in HTS Teologiese
Studies/Theological Studies
Volume 70, Issue 3, 2014.


Summary: The aim of EDI - electronic data interchange - is to bypass the bottleneck of print between enterprises by seamless computerization of data processing and exchange across both industrial sectors and national borders. But early sector-based systems, shackled by an outdated rigid division between 'administrative' and 'operational' information, created their own data bottlenecks. EDI is now in transition between the initial trial and error phase and a second stage of maturation, during which the open design of communication systems will centre on the key dimension of adding value to operations in the emerging flexible industrial world of just-in-time production, total quality and worker.