In the coming decades it will become increasingly difficult to cheaply satisfy society's thirst for petroleum-based polymers. Additionally, the problems associated with disposal of non-renewable, non-degradable petroleumbased polymers will drive the search for agriculture based plastics that do not sacrifice cost or performance. Although agriculture based plastics have been around for over a century, they were largely forgotten after the advent of synthetic, petroleum based polymers. This paper revisits the literature left to us by early twentieth century engineers who made protein based plastics from casein and soy protein on an industrial scale. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in this type of material. This paper reviews current research on biopolymers such as casein and soy protein based plastics as well as polylactide acid, or PLA.


Person authentication, based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals, is one of the directions possible in the study of EEG signals. In this paper, a method for the selection of EEG electrodes and features in a discriminative manner is proposed. Given that EEG signals are unstable and non-linear, a non-linear analysis method, i.e., fuzzy entropy, is more appropriate. In this paper, unlike other methods using different signal sources and patterns, such as rest state and motor imagery, a novel paradigm using the stimuli of self-photos and non-self-photos is introduced. Ten subjects are selected to take part in this experiment, and fuzzy entropy is used as a feature to select the minimum number of electrodes that identifies individuals. The experimental results show that the proposed method can make use of two electrodes (FP1 and FP2) in the frontal area, while the classification accuracy is greater than 87.3%. The proposed biometric system, based on EEG signals, can provide each subject with a unique key and is capable of human recognition.


The excellent synergy and catalytic adsorption performance of meso/microporous composite molecular sieves have been paid more and more attention by the researchers.In this paper,the current application research progress in the synthesis of meso/microporous composite molecular sieves with different kinds of alkali-treated microporus molecular sieves was reviewed,the influence of different factors on the formation of mesopore and micropore in the reaction process was analyzed,and the developing prospect of meso/microporous composite molecular sieves in the field of catalysis and adsorption was discussed.


In this paper, we perform a research on a message delivery link based on visible light communication using illumination light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for car-to-car communications and the link transmission success probability is analyzed for the link. The message delivery system is modeled and the signal-to-noise ratio is calculated from the received optical power. Then, the link transmission probability is estimated from the calculated bit error rates (BERs). The message delivery system has optical links from an LED transmitter near the rear lamp of a car ahead to a receiver near the headlamp of a car behind, whose positions are assumed to follow the normal Gaussian distribution. The link transmission success probability is calculated considering the physical characteristics of the optical link. The car positions are generated according to the normal distribution and the bit error rates are calculated for all links. The link transmission success probability is defined. For the unoptimized optical car-to-car message delivery links, it is shown that the link transmission success probability is larger than 0.9 with the transmitted optical power of 400 mW and the semi-angle at half power of 30 degree.


Speed control is a method of maximum power tracking control of permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system.Based on the analysis of principle,mathematical model simulation model and characteristic of dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator,speed control method applied to dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system.Simulation results show the speed control strategy is suitable for novel dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator.The maximum power tracking control strategy of dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system has realized.It has certain theoretical significance.


The goal of this paper is to shed light on the physical basement of communication in case of natural languages, which is just an assumption in trying to understand why words exist and are organized while Digital Society is going to replace them by artificial electronic models. The natural language is considered to be positioned on two well-known physical levels — Newtonian and Quantum mechanics. The formation of word (a portion of sound, having a portion of meaning) is thought to happen on the quantum level, while the arrangement of words and word complexes is believed to take place on the classical mechanical level. The notion of semifinitive is introduced and developed to cover the categories of time, space, mass and energy as the categories, constituting the most parts of a language, which have concern to verbal and substantive units to be considered as being profound communication units.


The deformation in polycrystals is often heterogenous, e.g. due to grain size dependent hardening. In a semi‐analytical representative volume element (RVE), a log‐normal distributed grain size is assumed together with a grain size dependent local plastic behavior. The numerical results are well approximated by a simple analytical expression. The effect of the homogenization comparison stiffness on the transient behaviour is explained using a simplified localization equation. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We propose a method that efficiently retrieves documents belonging to a target area from a georeferenced information database. A circular target area can be effectively searched by k-nearest neighbor searching, whereas a rectangular target is more appropriately searched by the bounding-box approach. However, queries of actual geographic information are often sourced from complex areas with different topographies and features. For efficient searching, queries on arbitrary and complex areas should be broken down into multiple simple queries, for example, a technique that divides the target area into grids. Our proposed method is a parameterless subquery construction method that efficiently searches georeferenced documents belonging to an arbitrary area specified by the user. Compared to the baseline method, the experimental results show that the number of subqueries could be reduced by up to 80%.


The potential of limestone in Gorontalo City is very large and distributed over a wide area. This enormous potential has not yet been exploited. This study aims to determine the chemical content of limestone and the use solution of limestone to improve regional development. Field data collection was carried out in two places, namely Tanjung Keramat and Buli'ide. Sampling was conducted at the coordinates N 0°29′38.93″ and E 123°2′49.62″ for station 1, N 0°32′53.7″ and E 123°1′56.19″ for station 2. The method used in this research is chemical composition analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The results of the analysis of the chemical constituents of Coral Limestone are CaO 83.35%, Fe2O3 6.92%, SrO 9.35% and ZrO2 3.25%. The prospect of Coral Limestone can be used in various industrial fields. Coral Limestone can be used in the mining industry, the cement industry, the sugar industry, ceramic raw materials, building materials, agricultural and road stabilizers. This indicates that the City of Gorontalo has the prospect of development and utilization of limestone resources available, in order to encourage self-reliance and open employment for community.


The Web has been rapidly deepened with myriad searchable databases online, where data are hidden behind query interfaces. However, users often have difficulties in finding the right sources and then querying over them in myriad useful databases online. For solving this problem, this paper presents a new method by importing focused crawling technology to automatically accomplish deep web sources discovery. Firstly, locate Web sites for domain-specific data sources based on focused crawling. Secondly, judge whether the web site exists deep web query interface in the former three depths. Lastly, judge whether the deep Web query interface is relevant to a given topic. Importing focused crawling technology makes the identification of deep web query interface locate in a specific domain and capture relative pages to a given topic instead of pursuing high overlay ratios. This method has dramatically reduced the quantity of pages for the crawler to identify deep Web query interfaces.


A detailed analysis is shown of the acoustic energy and power outputs of a point (monopole) source continuously moving along a forward path in several cases. These pertain to sources that have unsteady speeds or source strengths / lifetimes governed by various specific laws. These could be trigonometric, exponential, hyperbolic-tangent, error-function or combinations of these. The angular, frequency and joint angular and frequency distributions of the radiated power and / or energy, as well as the total radiated energy, are analytically determined in all cases by spatial, temporal or spectral techniques, thus illustrating their use and derivations. Comparisons are made of the various outputs in the analyzed cases, which sometimes maybe realizable in practice and resemble analogous results in classical electrodynamics.


Black Women in America is an upper-division elective course for students majoring in African American or women's studies at California State University Fullerton (CSUF). Students can also take the course for general education credit (GEC) to fulfill the disciplinary learning requirement in the social sciences category. I have taught this course at CSUF at least once a year since 2002 and have changed the course readings, lectures, and assignments on a regular basis. In April 2007, however, when American radio personality Don Imus created a national controversy by referring to the Rutgers women's basketball team, whose players were predominantly Black, as a group of "nappy-headed hos," I was provoked to completely overhaul my approach to teaching this course. It was clear that my students did not fully understand the complicated cultural issues raised by Imus's comments. This article describes how I incorporated visual images of Black women in media and culture to help my students challenge narrow, false, and distorted depictions of Black women's daily lives. It further explains my intellectual rationale for the particular course goals, objectives, and pedagogical tools I took up using a three-pronged approach to cultural studies analysis. Finally, this article showcases some of my students' work, which demonstrates how students can use their analytical skills to promote Black women's agency.


In order to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the management,construction and instruction of college laboratories,an evaluation model is designed by means of the BP neural network.The results provide an important basis for the scientific and standardized management and construction of college laboratories.


Teachers today are under an enormous pressure to train and cultivate innovative talents. Therefore, job burnout is not uncommon among teachers. This paper attempts to alleviate the job burnout of teachers through the construction of psychological capital (PsyCap). First, the research framework for easing job burnout through PsyCap construction was established based on the theory on PsyCap and comprehensive theory. Then, a questionnaire survey on PsyCap and job burnout was conducted in a higher vocational technical school. The survey data were analyzed on SPSS based on three dimensions of PsyCap, namely, expectation, positivity and perseverance. The results show that PsyCap of teachers and each of its three dimensions are negatively correlated with their job burnout. The research results provide a scientific reference for the mental health management of teachers.


Abstract:  The typical heat‐affected zone developed in an X‐70 steel, usually used in pipeline manufacture, has been simulated via thermal treatment. A non‐equilibrium microstructure consisting of bainite, with ferrite and some martensite, has been produced and mechanically characterised, resulting in much greater hardness and strength and a lower ductility and toughness than the corresponding base metal. This also has a lower ductility. Different single‐edge notched bending specimens with different crack lengths (a/W between 0.1 and 0.5) were experimentally tested to assess the fracture behaviour of this product under different degrees of constraint. The J–a resistance curves at room temperature were determined, and the obtained results were explained by the effect of constraint on ductile crack growth.


The prediction of allergic rhinitis (AR) by nasal endoscopy represents an intriguing challenge for ear-nose-throat specialists. Hamizanand colleagues have attempted to determine the diagnostic characteristics of middle turbinate edema as a marker of inhalant allergy.1 In their study, middle turbinate edema was considered able to predict AR by demonstrating an excellent positive predictive value. However, we believe their study has some drawbacks. The AR diagnosis is based on the consistency between sensitization and symptom occurrence after exposure to the sensitizing allergen.2 From a statistical point of view, there are 4 main concerns:


FORMULAIC studies of Old English poetry have come a long way since Francis P. Magoun's "Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry,"' published in 1953. Both opponents and proponents of the theory have found themselves moving closer together as the former survey the overwhelming body of evidence accumulating for formularity and the latter begin to have serious doubts about the term "oral." Larry Benson's recent article, "The Literary Character of Anglo-Saxon Formulaic Poetry,"2 marks a nexus of the two viewpoints, acknowledging both the definitely formulaic haracter of the verse and the lack of evidence for oral composition. The current stance could perhaps be summarized as hypothesizing a survival of formulaic technique in written poetry from an earlier oral tradition. At any rate, proof of oral composition would make little difference in assessing artistic success. Most studies of Anglo-Saxon formulaic poetry have focused on the level of diction, that is, on the formulas themselves with some attention to systems of formulas. In Homeric and Yugoslavian scholarship, however, the emphasis has been on the next level of formulaic structure, the composition of the plot in stereotyped units, variously called "motifs," "type-scenes," action-patterns," or "themes." In another article,3 I have proposed and discussed a distinction between the terms "theme" and "type-scene," and now I would like to apply these definitions to a text in order to show their value in the critical analysis of Old English formulaic poems. I have chosen the first 113 lines of Elene, which contain at least three examples of the same type-scene and two of the same theme, thus providing several instances of Cynewulf's use of the two devices as well as some idea of the possible interrelationships between the two. After a brief discussion of the two definitions, the type-scenes in Elene 1-113 are analyzed, followed by the themes. The definitions are as follows: A type-scene is a recurring stereotyped presentation of conventional details used to describe a certain narrative event, requiring neither verbatim repetition nor a specific formula content; and a theme is a recurring concatenation of details and ideas, not restricted to a specific event, verbatim repetition, or certain formulas, which forms an underlying structure for an action or description. Some typical type-scenes are sea voyages, councils, and the arrival of a messenger. A series of such scenes connected by linking passages appropriate to the plot makes up a narrative; the poet might, for example, compose a series such as banquet, damnation, approach to a city, exhortation, approach to battle, and battle itself (the poem so composed, of course, is Judith). The poet can repeat the same type-scene in one poem as many times as necessary, * A slightly different version of this paper was read on 18 March 1968 at the Conference on Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, Michigan. 1 SPECULUM, xxviii (1953), 446-467. 2 PMLA, LXXXI (1966), 334-341. 3 "Old English Oral-Formulaic Themes and Type-Scenes," Neophilologus, LII (1968), 48-54.


The article is devoted to the study of the economic substance of the lease as a promising form of attracting investment in industrial enterprises.


HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
A 54-year-old man was urgently admitted because of sudden onset of progressively worsening angina pectoris, his first attack. Physical examination was unremarkable.

INVESTIGATIONS
Electrocardiography and laboratory tests excluded acute myocardial infarction. With the exception of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol 247 mg/dl) laboratory tests were normal. Coronary angiography revealed a 60% eccentric narrowing in the proximal part of the interventricular branch with adjacent aneurysmatic dilatation. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed a coronary pseudoaneurysm, its cavity communicating with the empty atheroma hole of an adjacent ruptured coronary plaque.

TREATMENT AND COURSE
A 19 mm stent graft was implanted, via a percutaneously inserted balloon-catheter system, in the region of the stenosis and the pseudoaneurysm. Subsequent angiography demonstrated a smooth nonstenotic lumen. The membrane of the graft (made of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]), fixed between two thin metal stents, had occluded the pseudoaneurysm. Occlusion of an immediately distal septal branch briefly produced an asymptomatic rise of creatine kinase to maximally 173 U/l. Oral medication included ticlopidine hydrochloride (2 x 250 mg daily for 4 weeks). The patient was symptom-free after the procedure and was discharged 5 days later.

CONCLUSION
Implantation of a new type of stent-graft provides quick and uncomplicated treatment of a coronary aneurysm. The membrane fixed between two stents prevents wash out of any thrombi. The method may also be applicable to other potentially thrombus-containing lesions.


The transport of n-butane - methane mixtures in silicalite has been studied at 200 K using molecular dynamics simulations and quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments. The dependence on the wave vector of the half-width at half-maximum of the incoherent dynamic structure factor is indicative of a jump diffusion process. Distributions of the jump lengths of methane using a coarse-grained jump model have shown that the jump lengths are widely distributed between 0 and 15 A, the mean jump length being a decreasing function of the loading. Self-diffusivity values calculated from the dynamics simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements from quasi-elastic neutron scattering.


Abstract The proton NMR spectra of several 3-acylaminoquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives have been studied as a function of temperature. The changes, which were found to occur in the spectra at high temperatures, are discussed in terms of hindered rotation about the nitrogen-nitrogen bond. The free energies of activation for the rate-determining stereochemical process were calculated to be as high as (14.7∼20.6 Kcal mol−1) for hydrazine derivatives.


Abstract A Simple, Precise, Sensitive and time efficient stability indicating reverse phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Acetaminophen and Tramadol impurities present in fixed dose combination product. The components were separated in gradient elution mode using 0.1% Perchloric acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The column used was Acquity HSS T3 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 µ) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL.min−1 with 30°C temperature. Quantification was achieved with detection wavelength of 215 nm. The developed method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity (LOD & LOQ) and robustness in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The method is rapid, cost effective for the quantitative determination of Acetaminophen and Tramadol impurities in Acetaminophen and Tramadol tablets dosage forms.


Multi-sensor systems pose the problem of how to coherently and efficiently treat the data provided by the various sensors. However, the availability of greater numbers of sensors also broadens the ability to build fault tolerant sensor systems. We define a framework in which sensors can be abstractly defined in .terms of computational processes operating on the output from other sensors. Such processes are called logical sensors. Logical sensors make sensor configuration and integration easier and facilitate reconfiguration of sensor systems so that fault tolerance can be both expressed and achieved. 'This work was supported In part by the System Development Foundation and NSF Grants ECS-8307483 and MCS-82-2' 750


Analysis of contemporary mass communication research in Great Britain reveals a Marxist paradigm growing in influence over the past two decades. Developing largely out of literary criticism, this line of British research has bifurcated, with one line moving toward cultural analysis and the other toward a more traditional social‐scientific model with particular emphasis on class and economic structures as independent variables. This paper provides an introduction to the body of cultural research and theory, and indirectly, to the growing corpus of Marxist communication study throughout the world.


Currently, power semiconductors (IGBT, Thyristor, etc.) are used for the stability and high reliability of DC system operation. However, we have proposed a current limiting DC circuit breaker with superconducting winding to improve the stability of the DC system. This is superior in terms of fast cut-off speed and economy of power semiconductors, and is suitable for changes to the Point to Loads DC system that will be expanded in the future. A superconducting DC circuit breaker is a model in which a superconducting current limiter and a DC circuit breaker are combined. The superconducting fault current limiter uses a superconducting wire made of GdBCO material to limit the initial fault current to lower the current level of the fault current, and the DC circuit breaker blocks the reduced fault current from the superconducting fault current limiter by configuring a mechanical cutoff switch, passive elements L, C and SPD. In this paper, this superconducting DC circuit breaker model was designed and tested by giving two variables, and the operating characteristics were analyzed. The first is the superconducting wire connection method, and the second is the power supply voltage. In addition, the initial fault current, the time when the zero point of the fault current is generated, and the time when the shutdown is completed were compared and analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that the helical type showed a higher current limiting rate than the spiral type, and the result of reaching a fast current zero point was confirmed.


The experimental determination of liquid compositions in lherzolite as functions of pressure and temperature provides constraints on mantle dynamics and magma genesis. In this paper, we present a detailed evaluation of the use of natural mineral mixes as starting material in peridotite melting studies at 1·0 GPa. As an example we have chosen to test the data obtained by Baker and Stolper (1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 2811-2827) on a lherzolite composition (MM-3) presented as a potential source for mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). That study is the most fully documented published melting study using natural mineral mixes. We have tested the Baker and Stolper data in three ways: (1) we have defined the liquidus phases and conditions of the partial melt compositions obtained by Baker and Stolper; (2) we have reacted these partial melt compositions with a fine-grained synthetic starting mix of MM-3 composition; (3) we have performed additional melting experiments at 1·0 and 1·5 GPa using the synthetic mix of peridotite MM-3. Our results demonstrate that only the highest temperature experiment of Baker and Stolper, performed at 1390°C, approached an equilibrium melt of peridotite MM-3 composition and that lower temperature experiments have not reached equilibrium, retaining residual unreacted minerals and metastable melt compositions. The degree of disequilibrium increases progressively with lower temperature. Disequilibrium is attributed to the lack of reaction of the natural mineral mix and to disequilibrium melting reactions of the metastable, relatively coarse-grained mineral mix. Other contributing factors include disequilibrium caused by the use of a diamond aggregate trap. We also present peridotite melting experiments using the mineral mix KLB-1 at 1·0 GPa. Our results demonstrate that the mineral mix KLB-1 fails to equilibrate even after ~340 h at temperatures of 1280-1300°C. We present reversals of the 1·0 GPa peridotite melting experiments of Hirose and Kushiro (1993, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114, 477-489). Our reversals demonstrate that the mineral mix-diamond aggregate trap technique used by Hirose and Kushiro has also failed to produce equilibrium melts of a mantle peridotite composition. It is recommended that data from peridotite melting studies utilizing natural mineral mixes be used with reservation and that natural mineral mixes are not a suitable starting material for such studies. The use of diamond aggregate for separation and trapping of the melt phase compounds rather than solves the problems inherent in the use of natural mineral mixes.


The batch adsorption studies were conducted to remove the fluoride from aqueous solutions using aluminium hydroxide (AHG) Aluminium hydroxide mono acetate (AHGMA) and Aluminium hydroxide di acetate (AHGDA) as adsorbents. Removal of fluoride was observed to be dependent on contact time, pH and adsorbent dose. The removal of fluoride was investigated at [F] = 3ppm, pH 6.6 and contact time 5 minutes on ultra-sonic bath, using adsorbent dose 0.01 to 0.1g per litre. The ultrasonic bath assisted defluoridation takes much lesser time as compared to conventional stirring. The % fluoride removal was found maximum in the pH range 5.5-6.5. The experimental data fitted well in the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, the curves between log (x/m) against log Ce were found linear with a positive intercept on the ordinate. The value of adsorption capacity K and the intensity of adsorption n, have been reported. The uptake of fluoride was found rapid and proportionate in initial stages, decreases gradually while approaching equilibrium. The uptake of fluoride from its aqueous solution was found to be 17, 27 and 25 mg/g for AHG, AHGMA and AHGDA respectively.


Abstract 106Ru is one of the major radionuclides of concern in the aqueous radioactive waste generated during the reprocessing of the spent fuel. Intermediate level radioactive liquid waste (ILW) stream is generated during reprocessing of spent fuel and is neutralised with alkali to enable it to be stored in carbon steel tank. The waste is initially treated for 137Cs recovery using a specific resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) ion exchange resin. The effluent stream from the ion exchange treatment process has significant activity due to 106Ru. The present paper deals with a chemical treatment study for removal of 106Ru in the effluent using sulphides of cobalt and nickel. The decontamination factor of 250 obtained using NiS (at 2500 ppm concentration of Ni2+) is distinctly better than that obtained using CoS (at 7200 ppm concentration of Co2+).


Program analysis, originally developed for code optimization, have recently been used to automate parallelization, debugging, security vulnerability detection, and program comprehension. These more complex tasks require that deep global knowledge, such as pointer alias analysis and path-sensitive information, be extracted across whole programs. This talk discusses the challenges we face and some new approaches to these problems.


One kind Forehand ball swing device, mainly by the base, stand, rotator, the gear assembly and the stopper to shoot shoot assembly configuration. Wherein the base is provided with two parallel vertical struts, with their upper cross bracket configuration, with the profile on a beat component of the stent strut, which consists of a vertical cursor, the stopper arm, forearm block , bottom plate, baffle and consisting of a spring; rotator provided on the header bracket, the rotating arm through the V-shaped connecting member provided on the rotator connected thereto is provided on the upside shot, by the rotation thereof, a rotary arm , the cross cursor, upper arm, lower arm, the spring and the stopper block the ball racquetball composition. The invention can each swing action to improve the quality, accuracy strengthen, consolidate power easily formed stereotypes, can meet the needs of public and professional athletes.


Quasielastic neutron scattering studies of both Vq . 25Nb[). 75H0.20 an& YH1.98 in the temperature range 280 K to 1020 K are reported. The hydrogen diffusion is found to obey an Arrhenius temperature dependence yielding activation energies for the jump diffusion comparable with published values. The diffusivities above the temperatures of the observed NMR T]_ anomalies in these systems continue to increase. This monotonic increase in D with temperature is also supported by NMR a 11ernating-pu1sed-field-gradient measurements. It is concluded that the NMR 1i anomaly cannot be explained by a net decrease in the hydrogen diffusion coefficients and possible models to explain the phenomenon are discussed.


The invention discloses a rectifier three-phase power supply-based variable-frequency governor, which comprises a detection module, a control module, a human-computer interaction module, a three-phase power supply, a phase-shifting transformer and a five-level inverter, wherein the three-phase power supply, the phase-shifting transformer and the five-level inverter are sequentially connected with one another; output ends of the three-phase power supply, the phase-shifting transformer and the five-level inverter are connected with an input end of the detection module; the output end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the control module; the output end of the control module is connected with the input ends of the human-computer interaction module and the five-level inverter; the rectifier three-phase power supply-based variable-frequency governor can carry out real-time monitoring on parameters of a voltage, a frequency, a fault and the like of a motor in a frequency converter, timely grasp the working state of the frequency converter and can timely take corresponding measures to ensure normal operation of the frequency converter according to the parameter change condition.


Abstract Autonomous systems have great potential for future transportation. Even though we have third level autonomous vehicles, that are able to move from place A to place B without drivers' intervention in present, we have still a long journey ahead to complete autonomy. In this article we are dealing with analysis of potential of autonomous vehicles in city transportation. According to high density of pedestrians in urban traffic it is very important to note autonomous vehicles safety.


This paper examines the e f f e c t s o f the 1Q72-7A oownH a-p upon tne people oi' the Loitokitok area o f "Kajiado District. The relationship between changing land use patterns, social systems, resource ava i lab i l i ty and the a b i l i t y of people to cope with drought i s discussed for Maasai pant o r a l i s ts s Maasai agro-pastoral ists and. non-Maasai farmers. The paper concludes that i f contemporary trends in land use are permitted to continue unchecked then the vu lnerab i l i t y of both farmers and pastoralists to future drought w i l l increase . I, INTRODUCTION IDS/WP 337 The relationship between drought and famine i s not a direct one0 In areas subject to recurrent drought the inhabitants have developed strategies for coping with i t s e f f e c t s 0 These strategies mediate between drought and famine, and only when they are unable to cope with the effects of drought does famine occur (Lofchie 1975)° In the past decade many people l i v ing inairid and semi-arid areas of east and west Africa have been confronted with the threat of famine following the relative f a i l u r e of the seasonal rains in successive years. The period known as the , :Sahelian drought" was one of extreme hardship for the people of the Sahelian states and many believed that the intensity of the climatic phenomenon drought was s u f f i c i e n t to explain the famine. Research has demonstrated however, that the drought in the Sahel, though severe, war. not an unusual occurrence in that area (Hatfe et al 1977) and a breakdown in the strategies designed to cope with a drought may explain the inability of the population to respond to i t . (Berry et al 1977, Campbell 1977, Copans 1975) This paper w i l l examine the impact of a recent drought (1972-76) in Kenya Maasailand and w i l l concentrate upon the Loitokitok Division of Kajiado District. This i s an area in which three major land uses predominate wildlife conservation in national parks, pastoralism and farming and the relationship between changing land use patterns, resource availability and the a b i l i t y of people to cope with the drought will be discussed. The data presented was gathered during a survey conducted in the area at the end of the drought, pr ior to the heavy rains of MarchApril 1977° A total of 391 people were interviewed of whom l66 (42$) stated they were Maasai pastora l i s t s , 90 ( 23$) Maasai farmers, 79 (20$) Kikuyu farmers and 56 (lk%) other farmers (Campbell and Mbugua, 1978). A review of the process of changing land use prior to the onset of the drought wil l provide the context within which the impact of the drought upon each of these groups and the ir response to i t will be examined. The vulnerabi l i ty of each group to drought w i l l be assessed and their capacity to adjust to future drought conditions will be discussed. A word, of caution i s appropriate as t o the use of estimates in this paper. HI estimates should be interpreted as an indication of orders of magnitude rather than as more precise f i gures . Ill B 2 IDS/'VP 337 n . REVISE OF CHANGING LAND USE PATTERNS IN THE LOTTOKITOK AREA P1J3R TO 1972. The -area of what i s now knoim as Loitokitok Division of Kajiado Distr i c t was included in the land allocated to the Maasai Reserve under the agreements between the British Colonial Government and Maasai elders i n 1911 which were amended in 1912 to include the area between Loitokitok Town and Rombo which had formerly been part of Coast Province (Groat Britain, 1934, P° 190). There was much o f f i c i a l discussion over the appropriateness of Maasai land use practises in the years between World War I and World War II because they appeared t o be fa i l ing to. realise the agricultural potenti.il of the ir land. The Kenya Land Commission noted that Kikuyu farmers were already occupving land in the Dagoretti area and that cultivation was expanding as "Many Masai marry Kikuyu wives who frequently bring members of their family along with them, and the Masai husband, as a re 1 at ionin-1 aw, seldom or never ob jects . In this way agricultural settlement begins." (Groat Britain, 1934, p. 192). In the Loitokitok area the in-migration of non-Maasai farmers occurcd l a t e r than that around Dagorotti and Ngong. In the period between tho end of World War II and the Emergency the area under cultivation increased as some l o c a l Maasai and also government off icers mostly Kikuyu and 3omo Luo cleared shambas and invited relatives to join them, and ilso as other people moved to the area from the overcrowded locations 1 in Central and Western Kenya. With the declaration of the JUnergency the majority of tho farmers were repatriated to their home regions and the 2 area under cul t ivat ion declined. The ire a under crops did not expand rapidly again until after Independence when people were able to move freely and land adjudication enabled individuals to own t i t l e to land and to cultivate under conditions of r e l a t i v e l y secure ten-ore. The process of land adjudication has resulted in some areas being demarcated as individual holdings-, and others as group r.inches. The individual holdings are located mainly on 1. I am grateful to Mr. Mark Kisopia for information regarding the origins of cu l t ivat ion in the Loitokitok area. 2. Some Kikuyu farmers went through a ceremony of initiation into Maasai s o c i e ty and were thus e l i g i b l e to remain in the area and to continue cult ivat ion. Ill B 3 IDS/'VP 337 the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro below the Tmzanian -Kenyan border while the group ranches are found in the p la ins . The belt of individual holdings was designed to act as a barrier to movement between Tanzania and Kenya. The or ig ina l land owners were Maasai chiefs, government o f f i c e r s and others who rea l i sed the value of obtaining individual t i t l e to land and many acquired largo tracts. Initially the local Maasni cu l t ivated small port ions of their land but once i t s monotory value became evident they rapid ly subdivided i t and rented or sold portions to immigrant non-Mnasai farmcrso The area has becomc almost completely cul t ivated over l e s s than a docadc. Today those lower s lopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro arc almost entirely cultivated .and farmers are beginning to buy or rent land in betterwatered local i t ies in the plains e . g . at Kimana and Rombo. As population pressure increases so t h i s process of cu l t i va t i on o f more isolated areas with favourable s o i l and water conditions i s l i k e l y to accelerate. A second change in the pattern o f land ..use i n the Loitokitok area since 1945 has resulted from the creat ion of nat ional parks. The parks enclose grazing and water resources which aro available yearround and. the exclusion of Maasai from, the parks has reduced the dry season grazing resources avai lable to them and increased the pressure on remaining resources. Many Maasai state however that should drought conditions return they w i l l , i f necessary, move t h e i r animals into the 3 Cbyulu Hills, Amboseli National Park and Tsavo National Park despite the prohibition against i t . Analysis of the impact of the 1972-76 drought upon farmers and pastor iLists in the Loitokitok area must take account of the changing land use pattern in the area and. o f the favourable cl imatic conditions prior to the drought. The farmers who had recent ly arrived in the area had developed their cropping patterns under condit ions o f adequate rainfall and. had. planted crops not well-adapted to condit ions of low rainfall . The onset of the drought resulted , there fore , in dras t i ca l l y reduced harvests ,=nd. a threat o f famine. 3. It should be noted that though Imboseli National Park was gazetted in 1974 the Maasai wore permitted to continue grazing within the park until June 1977. Thoy arc now excluded from i t . Ill B 4 IDS/'VP 337 Tho pastora l i s ts had been able to maintain the ir herding system, despite the l oss of grazing and water resources to the national parks and the incremental losses to cult ivat ion } because adequate r a i n f a l l had resulted in good range conditions0 Though the Maasai c l ear ly recognise that cul t ivat ion and national parks have resulted in reduced access to grazing resources (Table l ) the f u l l impact was not rea l i sed .unt i l the drought occured and animals became concentrated around the remaining water and grazing resources. Table 1 Reasons f o r a decl ine in the access to dry season grazing areas since 1970 Maasai Pastoral ists (by number and percent of respondents giving each response. N = 110) CAUSE OF DECLINE No. i Land used f o r cul t ivat ion 76 69 Land i s part of national park 56 51 Land i s part of holding ground 50 45 Land i s part of individual or group ranch 13 12 Other rosponsos 0 0 I I I THE DROUGHT YEARS 1972-1976 Although the available c l imatic data suggests that the period 1972-1976 did not represent a part i cu lar ly severe drought the people of the area regard i t s e f f e c t s is having been harsh.' Ninety-one percent of the pastora l i s t respondents stated that the drought was the worst they remembered, and though this may be p a r t i a l l y explained by the f a c t that i t was tho most recent, i t does indicate that i t s impact was great . For the majority of the non-Maasai farmers interviewed (96$) i t was the f i r s t drought they had experienced since they had begun f-arming in the area and the low r a i n f i l l d ras t i ca l l y reduced their harvests. The Impact of the drought a f fec ted people in d i f f e r e n t ways. For the Maasai, both pastora l i s ts md farmers, the greatest problems concerned their animals while f o r the non-Maasai farmers water supply and shortage of food and land constituted the greatest d i f f i c u l t i e s (Table 2 ) . See Appendix 1 f o r r a i n f a l l data.


the title of alferéz is mistaken for a Christian name, and the Apaches live in pueblos. Unfortunately, several serious errors have to do with the routes taken into the Great Plains. Some involve misplacement in time and space of events critical to an understanding of Coronado's route. For instance, aft er about nineteen days of travel into the Plains, Ysopete, a native of Quivira, threw a loud fi t, declaring that Coronado's guide the Turk was leading the army astray. Th e fact that he had not complained previously implies that, until that point, the army had been heading in the general direction of Quivira. Hoig places the event at about the thirtyfourth day of travel, two weeks and hundreds of miles from where it actually occurred. Hoig's analysis of Oñate's route includes one novel thought that has a good chance of being correct. He has the expedition heading north from the Canadian River near Borger, Texas, rather than in the vicinity of the Antelope Hills. His interpretation of the Kansas end of the route, however, is highly unlikely. Finally, the huge settlement and the dense hardwood forest described in the documents are in the vicinity of the Oklahoma border, not in Rice County where Hoig places them.


Recent linguistic studies point to a gap in the work with the verbal aspect in Portuguese language classes. Travaglia (2016) highlights the little attention devoted to the study of this category in Portuguese. Given this scenario and the importance of the verbal aspect for the construction of meanings of the utterances, we investigate what students reveal to know and/ or understand about this category when they are stimulated to analyze certain verbal uses. The theoretical basis of this article is composed of studies developed by Castilho (1968), Comrie (1976), Vargas (2011), among others. In order to carry out the proposed investigation, we analyzed language tests made with students recently inserted in the academic environment. Through data analysis, we perceive the direct effects of the gap attested anteriorly, since many students associated the effects of meaning resulting from verbal uses only to the identification of verb tenses (present, past and future), which reveals little about the functionality of this class of words in a dimension of the language in use. Although certain students have identified aspectuality in verbal actions, certain limitations and objections in their responses do not reveal an effective knowledge and understanding of the aspectual category of the verb. Given these results, we highlight the importance of work with the verbal aspect, since the data suggest a shallow approach given this category in basic education.
Keywords: Verbal Aspect. Portuguese language teaching. Production of meaning. Textual comprehension.


In this paper,the unified sample for both soft and hard faults of elements in analog circuits is found according to the invariance of node-voltage sensitivity sequence in analog circuits with tolerance.Then BP neural network is trained by use of the unified sample groups and used to analog fault diagnosis at sub-network-level.The experimental results show that samples are reduced extensively but the neural network can diagnosis both soft and hard faults of tolerance analog circuits and have a high rate of accuracy.


For α ∈ (0, ∞), let Hα∞ (or Hα,0∞) denote the collection of all functions f which are analytic on the unit disc D and satisfy |f(z)|(1-|z|2)α = O(1) (or |f(z)|(1 - |z|2)α = o(1) as |z| → 1). Hα∞(or Hα,0∞) is called a Bers-type space (or a little Bers-type space).In this paper, we give some basic properties of Hα∞. C, the composition operator associated with a symbol function which is an analytic self map of D, is difined by Cf = f o . We characterize the boundedness and compactness of C which sends one Bers-type space to another function space.


is provided to a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound having the formula (1) etc., a salt thereof and a fungicide for use in agriculture and gardening containing as active ingredient at least one selected of said compuestos.Reivindicacion 1: a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound having the formula (1) or a salt thereof, (in formula (1), R represents a group CR1R2R3; R1 - R3 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom, C1-8 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkynyl unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C4-8 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted, C6-10 aryl unsubstituted or substituted, heterocyclyl unsubstituted or substituted, acyl C1-8 unsubstituted or substituted, (1-imino) C1-8 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted, carboxyl-substituted or unsubstituted, carbamoyl unsubstituted or, substituted hydroxyl no noun ituir or substituted, unsubstituted or substituted amino, mercapto, unsubstituted or substituted, substituted sulfonyl, halogen, cyano or nitro; however, not all R1 - R3 are hydrogen atoms, or all R1 - R3 are C1-8 alkyl unsubstituted; if one of R1 - R3 represents a hydrogen atom, not both of the radicals are unsubstituted C1-8 alkyl; if one of R1 - R3 represents C1-8 alkyl unsubstituted not both of the radicals are hydrogen atoms; The set of R1 and R2 may form cyclyl 5 - 8-membered unsubstituted or substituted, = O, = CRaRb (Ra and Rb represent, independently, a hydrogen atom, or C1-8alkyl unsubstituted or substituted) or = NR '(R' represents hydroxy, unsubstituted or substituted, or C1-8alkyl unsubstituted or substituted); all of R1 - R3 may be cyano; X1 represents, independently, C1-8alkyl unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkynyl unsubstituted or, substituted hydroxyl unsubstituted or substituted, halogen, cyano or nitro; m represents the number of X 1 and an integer from 0 to 5; X2 represents, independently, C1-8alkyl unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkynyl unsubstituted or substituted, C3-8 cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted C4-8 cycloalkenyl unsubstituted or substituted aryl, C6-10 unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted, acyl C1-8 unsubstituted or substituted, (1-imino) C1-8 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted, carboxyl-substituted or unsubstituted, carbamoyl unsubstituted or substituted, unsubstituted or substituted hydroxyl, amino unsubstituted or substituted, mercapto I unsubstituted or substituted, substituted sulfonyl, halogen, cyano or nitro; n represents the number of X2 and an integer of 0 to 3; the set of one of R1 - R3 and one of X2 may form cyclyl of 5 - 8-membered unsubstituted or substituted; B represents a carbon atom or nitrogen; D represents cyclic hydrocarbon 5 - 7 membered unsubstituted or substituted with X1, or heterocyclyl 5 - 7 membered unsubstituted or substituted with X 1; A1, A2, A3 and A4 represent, independently, a carbon atom or nitrogen; if B represents a carbon atom, not all of A1 - A4 are carbon atoms).


This article intentioned to understand the logistic of the Viracopos and Sao Jose dos Campo's airports as part of the competition strategies of the big companies in Brazil that act in the world-wide market. It emphasized that the freightcarrying airports influence the national and regional development and are influenced by the economic dynamics of the cities where they are located, because the load air transportation offers rapidity in the air to import and to export merchandises, but it faces slowness in the land with the congestions in the big cities highways. And Campinas and Sao Jose dos Campos's offer road transport that complements the aero-port logistic, reducing times with merchandises displacements between distinct regions.


Understorey composition, diversity, and interquadrat heterogeneity are examined among a series of 23 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dominated stands in northeastern Ontario. Information on the soils, density, and age structure of the trees was available for each site studied. Composition in both vegetation and soils data sets was explored using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), an efficient trend seeking ordination technique. Following a rotation to congruence of vegetation axes upon those for soil, variation in the soils data accounted for a maximum of 40–50% variance in the first two axes of the vegetation analysis. Examination of a residual ordination, after soil effects were removed, indicated a primary gradient related to both canopy type and frequency of disturbance by surface fire. Diversity measures, including richness and N2, showed no relationship to stand age, disturbance frequency, or canopy type. Some indefinite patterns appeared with bryophyte diversity. Interquadrat heterogeneity ...


This study includes 5 members with dyskeratosis congenita and 8 other affected members in the family who were not available for study. Three successive generations were involved suggesting an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Two had bluish discolouration of the nails in addition to the other features. To our knowledge this has not been reported so far.


In the current work, quinolines have been synthesized for the first time by Friedlander's method in hydrotropic aqueous medium. The article describes a brief study of solubility of reactants in aqueous medium, with different concentrations of hydrotropes and respective yield of the products. The extent of solubilization of the reactants, in aqueous medium, has been measured, as minimum hydrotropic concentration (MHC). The suitability of the hydrotrope was confirmed, by the yield of the reactions.


Recently, sustainable management of water has received a lot of interest since the shortage of it are one of the major environmental issues. Power plants eject tremendous amount of condensation heat while generating electricity. Water is the most commonly used heat transfer materials. During the heat transfer process, large amount of water is evaporated into the atmosphere. This may cause a severe water management problem. Dry cooling is an alternative cooling method, but it may cause efficiency degrade. In this article, a preliminary strategy for the combination of dry/wet cooling methods was derived.


This study investigates a new approach for computational pipeline monitoring. Flow rate, pressure and temperature of the pipe at both ends are measured. Time domain features are extracted from windowed signals. They form separable patterns in the feature space for the normal and leak conditions. Fuzzy classifier is trained with data from a medium leak in the middle of the multiphase pipe. The trained classifier is used to detect leaks with different positions and sizes. Also the ability of the classifier to distinguish operational changes from leakages is evaluated. Results of fuzzy classifier are compared with a neural network classifier and a linear classifier. Results show that this approach obtains good results for pipeline leak detection.


Sepsis is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. As such, it is imperative that the doctor make an early diagnosis of possible infection in a newborn baby leading to early initiation of appropriate therapy. In a low resource setting this would possibly mean a clinical diagnosis. Sepsis unfortunately has a spectrum of symptoms involving almost all systems in the body. This includes features pertaining to the respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous systems as also hematological and metabolic symptoms. Respiratory distress is one of the most commonly recognized presenting features of sepsis. In order to improve the clinical diagnosis of infections, various authors have constructed prediction models using different sets of clinical features. This might improve the sensitivity in diagnosing sepsis. Other interesting aspects in the diagnosis of sepsis are newer tests like heart rate analysis on ECG or colorimetric analysis of skin colour. Though still in the experimental phase, they seem to show promise in detecting sepsis before the clinical manifestations appear. This chapter gives an overview of the various manifestations of newborn systemic infections as also some recent advances in diagnosis.


The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the relationships between strategic type and strategy-making mode on organizational performance. Two important typologies were used in this study, one stressing strategic type, the other, strategy-making mode. Hypotheses were stated on strategy "fit" of specific strategy type with strategy-making modes, where strategic fit contributes to organizational performance. As part of a larger study of strategy formulation, the two top executives in each of 126 kibbutz-owned industrial enterprises evaluated their organization's strategic type as Defender. Prospector, Analyzer, or Reactor, and its strategy-making mode as Entrepreneurial, Adaptive and Planning. The executives typed their organizations using textual descriptions of strategies. The findings clearly indicate links between the two typologies, i.e., associations between strategic types and strategy-making modes, and that certain combinations are more conducive to enhancing organizational performance than others. When nonoptimal stragies are adopted they result in lower levels of performance. The paper also relates the primary discussion on the relationship between the strategy type and strategy-making mode typologies to the content-process dilemma on which it sheds some light.


Universal banks are the predominant model of banking in Europe. Under the umbrella of the term "universal banking", a wide variety of different models co-exist. What is common to them is their ability to serve the diverse needs of their client base which, in turn, reflects the great diversity of Europe's economies. Universal banks have not only been the financial foundation of the growth of Europe over the past decades, they have also proven resilient in the face of the various crises that engulfed Europe during that period, including the Great Recession of 2009 and thereafter. Yet, notwithstanding this resilience, the universal banking model in Europe has lately come under regulatory scrutiny. Plans for fundamental reform to Europe's banking system, like the Liikanen proposals, constitute a material threat to the universal banking model. Classification JEL: G01, G21.


The use of comparative methods for studying evolution, largely unchanged since Darwin used them to help elucidate the principles of natural selection, has proliferated inthe last decade (reviewed in Brooks and McLennan 1991; Harvey and Pagel 1991; Gittleman and Luh 1992; Miles and Dunham 1993; Losos and Miles 1994). Despite the wide use of comparative methods today, Leroi et al. (1994) recently claimed that these methods can tell us little about the mechanisms of evolutionary change and furthermore that "phylogenetic patterns will often suggest hat a trait is an adaptation when in fact it is not and suggest that it is not, when in fact it is" (p. 383). These authors based their critique of comparative methods on two grounds. First, adaptationist cenarios are often offered for the explanation of unique evolutionary events that could result from a number of evolutionary processes. Second, comparative methods used in isolation from other kinds of evidence only provide limited insights into evolutionary mechanisms. In addition to Leroi et al. (1994), others have also criticized comparative methods for these and other reasons (de Pinna and Salles 1990; Lauder et al. 1993; Reeve and Sherman 1993; Frumhoff and Reeve 1994; see also Cracraft 1981). Although I partially concur with these arguments and recognize the strict limits they place on the inferences one can draw from comparative data, I do not agree with the notion that comparative methods are of little use in the study of adaptation. My purpose here is to assess the use of comparative methods in testing hypotheses about past evolutionary processes: in particular, to determine how comparative methods can be profitably used to study adaptation. I argue that comparative methods treat data as if the data were generated from a "natural experiment" and that this procedure is useful for eliminating competing explanations for evolutionary patterns. Furthermore, comparative methods were designed to complement, not supplant, other types of methods in evolutionary biology. I employ the framework of using natural experiments in conjunction with other lines of investigation todiscuss the following criticisms of comparative methods. First, comparative tests conflate associations among traits or between traits and environments with the process of natural selection over other evolutionary mechanisms. Second, comparative tests treat unique structural solutions to the same environmental problem as "replicates" in statistical analyses. Finally, variation in character states and selective regimes through time and inaccuracies in phylogenies render comparative tests unreliable. I also attempt o indicate where limits


Little is known about the changes in self-perceptions over the course of middle childhood, despite this being a crucial period for the development of the self. This study examined stability and change in children' s self-competence and self-esteem in a two-wave longitudinal study of primary school children. The ine uence of psychosocial factors, gender, religion/ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES), on the development of self-perceptions was also examined. A sample of 110 children completed the Harter Self Perception Proe le for Children at age 8 and age 11. Analysis of these data indicated considerable stability in children' s perceptions of themselves. At age 11, a greater variety of domain-specie c self-perceptions was predictive of global self-esteem, suggesting a more complex view of the self. Additionally, between-group differences suggested that girls' global and athletic competence, as well as their cone dence in their physical appearance, decreased over time. Further, children from lower socio-economic backgrounds and those from the minority community in Northern Ireland (Roman Catholics) displayed less positive self-perceptions in a number of life domains at both age 11 and age 8. Discussion of these results highlights the ine uence of societal factors on children' s social development and the need to consider the combined effects of psychosocial identities and socio-economic background on the development of the self.


Internet Evolutionized Malay (EM) is a newly formed language variety that has gained popularity within online text-based Malay communities. This paper discusses a study that utilized nine EM words and five of their corresponding Standard Malay (SM) words as word stimuli, with responses of 56 respondents towards 15 adjective pairs. The expressive properties or connotative meanings of the stimuli were then analyzed by means of Semantic Differential Analysis (SDA) to quantify the Type and Level of adjective-pairs. Based on the analysis, our investigation reveals two findings: 1) Different types of connotations of SM and EM words are observed, which are particularly common when the words pertain to emotional description of human character, and 2) Level of connotation differs, where native Malay
speakers have a wider spectrum of perception for SM and EM words, showing higher sensitivity to the spelling changes on SM, while non-native Malay group shows less reaction to the change. It is important to note from this study that EM is not simply being exotically spelled as 'eye-candy' as always
argued, but also triggers different perceptual connotations.


The rate of HPV transmission between men and women is central to the current discussion of whether there is a public health benefit to vaccinating both males and females or only females against HPV infection to reduce the burden of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. This review examines the existent literature with respect to HPV and cancer, the association between natural immunity and HPV acquisition in females, HPV prevalence in males and its association to disease in women, and estimates of HPV concordance and transmissibility between heterosexual partners. Throughout this review the research needed to fill in the information gaps with respect to quantifying the rate of HPV transmission between partners will be highlighted.


The people of Indonesia are currently entering a period of transition. The transition is when democratic civil society creates opportunities for freedom, openness, and a broader political space of participation from people without exception. Civil society mobility affects the need for law enforcement and respect for moral values. The study of Taoist ethics becomes essential to explore an ethical way of life according to the laws of nature. The way the analysis uses: descriptions of hermeneutics, heuristics and synthesis. To achieve the first research objective using the hermeneutic description method, to reveal the fundamental meaning that gives importance to the ethical teachings of Taoism. The second research objective uses a heuristic approach, a step of finding ways to solve problems scientifically. The road to science, through an explorative understanding of the meaning of concepts or texts, to derive the fundamental problem specifications that arise in the empowerment of democratic civil society in Indonesia. To achieve the third research objective, using the synthesis approach, which is combined exclusively by drawing a node of logical and contextual relevance. The results show that the universal ethical values in Taoist natural ethics such as simplicity, honesty, discipline, compassion, obedience, sincerity, justice, have significance and relevance to the basic issue of plurality of civil society's life to democratic society in Indonesia.


A new measurement facility uses a TICM II thermal imager specially modified by NPL to determine the distribution of emissivity of non-uniform materials and artefacts at near ambient temperature. A dual-reference image processing algorithm is used to provide both image restoration and calibration. Systematic variations of responsivity across the image (fixed pattern errors) such as banding and narcissus effect, which arise from various optical, scanning, detector and electronic defects are completely removed, to the limits imposed by random noise and stability. The algorithm is applicable to greyscale images from any image processing transducer with near-linear response.


Eighteen months ago I suddenly developed severe pain in my left buttock, leg, and foot. It quickly became so severe that a friend drove me to the nearest cottage hospital—I was staying in the country at the time. Sciatica was diagnosed, and I was sent away with four pethidine tablets. My GP, consulted in London the next day, prescribed bed rest, analgesics, diazepam, and diclofenac, referred me for physiotherapy and an x ray examination, and reassured me that I would get better in a few weeks.

Three weeks later the pain was intense and unremitting. I had to give a paper at a conference, and a medical colleague, spotting me lying on the floor in agony, arranged a scan. This showed what was described as a "nice" prolapsed disc. Again I was told that it would get better in a few weeks.

> Why is there so little coherent knowledge about effective treatment regimens?

By this time, friends had advised an array of self help techniques, including …


This article intends to discuss basic public school buildings space and furniture organization in the state of Parana, during the years of 1910, in order to analyse the objectives and the senses that space and furniture acquired in pedagogical organization in such teaching buildings. The sources used were: Parana's educational legislation, public teaching reports, and Parana's newspapers articles. It is understood that the school material culture study might be constituted in an historical investigation tool of school practices, their representation and appropriations.


Volcanic aerosols from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption greatly increased diffuse radiation worldwide for the following 2 years. We estimated that this increase in diffuse radiation alone enhanced noontime photosynthesis of a deciduous forest by 23% in 1992 and 8% in 1993 under cloudless conditions. This finding indicates that the aerosol-induced increase in diffuse radiation by the volcano enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink and contributed to the temporary decline in the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide after the eruption.


Introduced the current situation of coal slurry difficult sedimentation because of clay easily expansion and hydration to form colloidal suspensions. Experiments of suppressing montmorillonite using several different electrolyte solution was done. The results show that KCl solution can inhibit expansion and hydration of montmorillonite and improve its sedimentation effect significantly and reduce the amount of flocculant greatly. After raw coal sedimentation comparative test, the results show that washing coal by KCl solution can indeed promote coal slurry sedimentation effectively, and the dosage of flocculant is only about 2.5% that of water washed coal.


Methods are examined for modeling ultra narrow band signature propagation through both natural and optically dense or obscured atmospheres. The impetus for the study comes from the recent exploitation of (ultra)narrow band atomic line filters which have become practical for remote sensing applications and real battlefield sensors. Aside from the obvious advantage of being able to "squeeze" the narrow-band signal through (near) equally narrow-band "windows" of the natural (gaseous) atmoshpere; there are a number of other issues that come into play that are either negligible or irrelevant in the more usual broadband applications but may be important here. For example, another way the technology can be exploited is by selecting the filter wavelength so as to take advantage of the Fraunhofer absorption lines in the solar spectrum, thsu producing an effective "solar blind" sensor and the attendant advantages thereof. In this paper we address both practical issues such as line broadening by various known atmosphere processes, including extinction and scattering by suspended aerosols and adverse weather, as well as some more subtle issues such as the effect of the wavelength shift due to atmospheric refraction and Doppler shifting due to the relative motion of the Earth with respect to the Sun; both of which though admitted small and thus negligible in broadband applications could be important here. Our main technical approach is through simulation using conventional models such as MODTRAN and EOSAEL (battlefield atmospheres), augmented as necessary for the task at hand. Preliminary results based on side-by-side comparisons with conventional broadband technologies (e.g., interference filters, Δλ≈10nm, FWHM) are discussed and shows both advantages and disadvantages of the narrow-band technology.


This paper studies the obstacle problems associated with two order nonhomogeneous elliptic equation divA(x,u)=B(x,u),gives the definition of solutions of second order degenerate nonhomogeneous obstacle problems,and making use of the Hodge decomposition and others,acquire some properties of these solutions and their derivative.


Abstract This paper is dedicated to issue of identification of nonlinear functions and nonlinear dynamical systems by Piecewise Affine (PWA) linear model in education of system identification. The article presents new Matlab toolbox for modeling and simulation of nonlinear systems. Functions of the toolbox together with GUI application simplifies and accelerates identification of so called PWA GFS model. The toolbox serves as a guide tool in courses of systems approximation. Identification of nonlinear systems is based on novel method of PWA modeling by Generalized Fourier series. The approach provides identification of nonlinear functions of an arbitrary number of variables and identification of nonlinear dynamical systems in ARX model structure fashion from input-output data.


Current ideas for designing a high luminosity muon collider require significant cooling of the phase space of the muon beams. The only known method that can cool the beams in a time comparable to the muon lifetime is ionization cooling. This method requires directing the particles in the beam at a large angle through a low Z absorber material in a strong focusing magnetic channel and then restoring the longitudinal momentum with an RF cavity. We have developed a new 3-D tracking code ICOOL for examining possible configurations for muon cooling. A cooling system is described in terms of a series of longitudinal regions with associated material and field properties. The tracking takes place in a coordinate system that follows a reference orbit through the system. The code takes into account decays and interactions of /spl sim/50-500 MeV/c muons in matter. Material geometry regions include cylinders and wedges. A number of analytic models are provided for describing the field configurations. Simple diagnostics are built into the code, including calculation of emittances and correlations, longitudinal traces, histograms and scatter plots. A number of auxiliary files can be generated for postprocessing analysis by the user.


A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the potential of particulate composites based on low-density, L1{sub 2} trialuminide matrices for high-temperature applications. The compounds evaluated included Al{sub 22}Fe{sub 3}Ti{sub 8} (as a multiphase matrix), Al{sub 67}Ti{sub 25}Cr{sub 8}, and Al{sub 66}Ti{sub 25}Mn{sub 9}. The reinforcement consisted of TiB{sub 2} particulates. The TiB{sub 2} composites were processed by ingot and powder metallurgy techniques. Microstructural characterization and mechanical testing were performed in the hot-pressed and hot-isostatic-pressed condition. The casting were sectioned and isothermally forged into pancakes. All the materials were tested in compression as a function of temperature, and at high temperatures as a function of strain rate. The test results are discussed.


By researching the realized methods of industrial Ethernet in present, two basic solution methods which based on the encapsulation types between FieldBus and TCP/IP are expatiated. This paper analyses the protocol encapsulation technology of EtherNet/IP which is the newest industrial Ethernet application protocol in detail and gives an application example of this new protocol. Three definitions are used to help explain the EtherNet/IP transmission types.Web server capability which builds in EtherNet/IP is introduced.


Rural policy has produced the unintended consequences of illegal deer taking and the persecution of badgers in the rural West Country of England. This article directs attention towards the mechanisms of social relations between unregulated industry operatives, rural networks and entrepreneurial premises. Accordingly, the offending process is shown to be one of 'illicit enterprise', accomplished for instrumental gain through interdependencies between licit and illicit endeavours—practices that emerge synergistically, upon interaction with wider geo-historical conditions. Crucially, illicit activity is shown to be heavily context dependent, contingencies that generate unanticipated outcomes that are peculiar to the tendencies of the South West. Distal conditions are inserted into the explication to posit the antecedent contexts that inadvertently enable the illegal killing of animals.


In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic affected all sectors of society worldwide, including education. Due to the social isolation requirement, several educational institutions used the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) approach to keep their courses active, at least partially. This document provides an experience report about using ERT in two courses (Distributed Systems and Software Development for the Cloud) that deal with the Development of Distributed Software Systems. In these two courses, we used three main approaches: synchronous online classes, asynchronous learning videos, and online material available on a Git repository. In some classes, we also adopted active methodologies such as problem-based learning and flipped classroom. Students were evaluated by seminars, tests, and programming activities. In the end, we collected their feedback from an online survey. Forty-two (42) graduate and undergraduate students reported a good level of acceptance of our ERT model. Part of the students had difficulties in doing their programming homework, and the main obstacles reported by them were: (i) their psychological context and (ii) to reconcile the course activities with home tasks as well as the demands of their jobs. Once practical experiences in ERT will be essential for a while given the uncertainty about how long COVID-19 pandemic will remain active, we expect the highlights and drawbacks of our experience could help other professors in planning their courses.


In this investigation, the metabolism of [7-3HN]pregnenolone and [7-3HN]progesterone by slices of normal human lung tissue was evaluated. Employing a combination of chromatographic techniques and crystallization to either constant specific activity or constant 3H to 14C ratio, the identity of metabolites was established. The metabolites of radiolabeled pregnenolone identified in incubations of lung tissue were: pro-gesterone (6.3 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), 20α-hydroxy-4-preg-nen-3-one (2.0 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (16 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), 3β-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one (6.4 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), 5-pregnene-3β6,20α-diol (21 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1) 5-pregnene-3β,20β-diol (2.7 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), 7α-hydroxypregnenolone (8.0 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), and 7α-hydroxypregnenolone (0.7 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1). The metabolites of radiolabeled progesterone identified were: 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (260 pmol 100 mg–1 protein h–1), 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (97 pm...


According to the character of long-term repairable storage systems, a method for estimation and optimization of storage availability is presented. Such system experiences two storage periods, cold storage period and hot storage period. According to the different inspection methods of the two periods, we established the storage models based on periodic inspection and continuous inspection respectively, including instantaneous availability and limiting average availability model. By analyzing the relation between the two periods, the average storage availability of whole storage period is derived. Using it as the optimization objective, the best FFI (Failure Finding Interval) and the maximum average storage availability have been calculated. Finally, a numerical study is illustrated to verify the validity of the model.


The feasibility of NaI(Tl) scintillators replacement by high energy resolution HgI2 detectors for rCBF measurements based on 133Xe inhalation technique has been investigated. Exhaustive phantom mapping has been carried out using 133Xe quasi-point sources. Comparative clinical rCBF measurements have been performed using the HgI2 and NaI(Tl) detectors simulaneously. The results show that the superior energy resolution of HgI2 compared to the NaI(Tl) and commercially available CdTe detectors allow efficient energy rejection of the scattered radiation, which improves considerably the spatial resolution of the rCBF instrumentation.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid and budwood type in the vegetative propagation by cutting cuatomate (Solanum glaucescens Zucc.) and to describe the phenological stages, in order to increase production.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design with a 22 factorial design was used to estimate the effect of two concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (1000 and 10000 ppm) and budwood type (secondary and tertiary) on the number of leaves and sprouts of the plant. With regard to propagation, 30-cm budwoods from secondary and tertiary branches of cuatomate were used; transversal and diagonal cuts were made at the ends of the branches that generate the canopy and the root, respectively. Data was subject to an analysis of variance, using the general linear model procedure.
Results: Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed between the variables under study. Higher number of leaves and sprouts (16.700 and 20.000, respectively) were observed in tertiary budwoods inoculated with 1000 ppm of IAA. In the evaluation of the phenological stages, the first bud appeared at 30 days, while the first leaf and flowers appeared 40 and 180 days after inoculation, respectively.
Study limitations/implications: Commercial candelilla wax was applied in the transversal cut to prevent attacks by pathogens and every single budwood was completely covered with indole-3-acetic acid.
Findings/conclusions: The use of indole-3-acetic acid in the vegetative propagation of cuatomate would be an alternative to increase its production; promoting a sustainable activity in the Mixtec region of Puebla.


The green harmony is the ideal target that we are seeking for on the way of the sustainable development. In order to protect the world cultural heritages we must go in for the green harmony so as to protect our human's valuable natural and cultural heritages. Take the example of protecting the ancient water system in Hong Village listed on world cultural heritages. The paper discusses how to seek for the green harmony and make it come true in the process of protection.


The study of Mathematics is very useful because it makes it possible to know and understand many of the phenomena that surround us as well as to explore and cross over limits that at first glance seem unsurmountable. This communication will address various things from the theme "Golden Ratio", namely, the origin of the number of gold, relations between the number of gold and other mathematicians, the human body, geometric figures, works of art and of architecture and  aspects of nature, among others. Thus, one of the purposes of this communication is to show how math is present in history and in our daily lives and may as well be a different way of interpreting the world around us.


Background: Cross-sectional surveys using the Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions methodology have been conducted annually in Chad since 2015 to evaluate population-level nutritional status. Objective: This analysis characterizes national and subnational trends in child wasting and women's thinness from 2015 to 2021 in Chad and identifies risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Annual survey data with 12,000 to 15,000 households were included. Wasting was estimated for children 6 to 59 months using the WHO child growth standards, and among women 15 to 49 years, thinness was defined as mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm. Trends were stratified by agroecological zone, and chi-square tests used to assess statistical significance. Simple and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted for 2020 and 2021 to identify risk factors of wasting and thinness. Results: About 11,958 to 17,897 children and 9883 to 15,535 women contributed values each year. National wasting and thinness rates did not significantly decrease over the 7-year period (wasting: 14.1% to 12.1%, P = .43; thinness: 15.2% to 13.4%, P = .51) and wasting rose from 2020 to 2021. The Saharan and Sahelian zones had consistently higher rates compared to the Sudanian zone. Younger age, male sex, inadequate infant and young child feeding practices, and poorer household socio-economic factors were associated with greater odds of child wasting. For women, younger age, lack of nutrition knowledge, and poorer household socio-economic factors increased the odds of thinness. Conclusions: Undernutrition in Chad has not improved since 2015, and the COVID-19 pandemic likely exacerbated the crisis among children nationally and among women subnationally. Multisectoral approaches and regional targeting of interventions are recommended. Plain language title Undernutrition Among Women and Children in Chad: A Persistent Challenge Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic Plain language summary Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions (SMART) surveys have been conducted annually in Chad since 2015. These nationally representative surveys capture data on women and children's health and nutrition condition. In this study, we conducted a secondary data analysis of SMART surveys to explore if rates of undernutrition have changed over the past 7 years, and whether the pandemic played a role. We also explored what factors were associated with children and women's nutritional status in 2020 and 2021, specifically. Our findings indicate that rates of undernutrition in Chad have remained high, with 12.1% of children younger than 5 years suffering from wasting and 13.4% of women of reproductive age experiencing thinness in 2021. While wasting appeared to be on the decline between 2018 and 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic likely contributed to an uptick seen in 2021. Conversely, women's thinness at the national level experienced little change before or during the pandemic. Differences in undernutrition by region were apparent; the Saharan and Sahelian zones experienced consistently higher rates of wasting and thinness compared to the Sudanian zone. However, in 2021, the Sudanian zone experienced a considerable increase in wasting and thinness not observed in the rest of the country, indicating potential regional differences in the pandemic's effect on food security and nutritional status. In the pandemic period, regional differences in wasting could be only somewhat explained by infant and young child feeding practices. Other important predictors included child age, sex, and household socioeconomic factors. Risk factors for women's thinness included younger age, lack of nutrition knowledge, and lower household socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the need for multisectoral interventions for the prevention of undernutrition, and regional targeting of treatment programs to address high burden areas in Chad.


We have analyzed the harmonic contents of the persistent current at high temperatures under the canonical ensemble. Results show that the behavior of each harmonic is different from that under the grand-canonical ensemble. The persistent current of the multiring system is also presented.


The present invention relates to a packing unit comprising a group of packages (1) having a filling becomes folding the liquid product from the bottom wall and two opposite shaped binary comprise sidewalls and tapered upward from the upright erected state of the package (1 ) are each package (1) being arranged so as to have a side wall facing the bottom of the packaging unit 4, the package 1 are doedoe arranged up and down a plurality of layers, a plurality of packages in the individual layers (1) configuration are equipped and, the package (1) are uniformly oriented in a first direction and the first direction and a are oriented alternately in a second direction opposite to, the package (1) of the layers are first direction or the second direction in order to be there, and a packing unit (4) at least partially surrounding a group of packages (1) in order to provide dimensional stability to the plastic film cover (5), forming said plastic film cover Yes Relates to that comprising a plastic film cover 5 is made of a web (web) of a plastic film joined together along the elongated seals of less than or characterized.


The occurrence of preferential flow in vegetated artificial substrates can weaken the stormwater management performance of green roofs. To explore preferential flow, various plant–substrate combinations that involved two Sedum species (Sedum sarmentosum and Sedum lineare) and two artificial substrates for three depths of 6, 10, and 14 cm were established. Artificial substrates without plants were either perlite-based (namely, PAS) or vermiculite-based (namely, VAS), and they were also set as controls. Thereafter, solute breakthrough experiments were conducted, followed by inverse and forward modeling in Hydrus-1D. Skewness coefficients of all solute breakthrough curves were non-zero, suggesting a prevalence of preferential flow. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients during calibration and validation were greater than 0.7. The obtained hydraulic parameters were different among various vegetated PAS and pure PAS without plants, but appeared the same for the VAS case. Rainfall intensity, plant species, and substrate depth, and the interaction of plant species and substrate depth all had significant effects on PAS preferential flow outflow and index (PFI). Substrate depth had a significant effect on VAS preferential flow and PFI. Since a 10 cm-PAS with S. lineare had the smallest PFI of 43.16% in simulation scenarios, its use may better control preferential flow in green roofs.


Abstract The first premise is that creativity requires a focal perceiver perspective to be determined or assigned. As criteria for perception or judgment, what we currently consider "dimensions" of creativity instead may be "precursors." Ultimately, creativity shifts meaning for the whole culture. The second premise is that creativity requires a temporal perspective: its assessment is time-dependent on the first instance the perceiver notices. If the perceiver accepts the creative " it," then it is shared for others to judge it, creating a diffusion and adaptation process. The strongest form of creativity, then, is when it stands the test of time, goes beyond its own zeitgeist, and is institutionalized for future generations.


Typological education has a long history in the Faculty of Architecture at Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia (FA-STU). In the history of Slovak architecture and education, there have been periods when architectonic creation was subsumed by social conditions and this was reflected in typology education. The portfolio of typology education at FA-STU is concerned with production and engineering structures, among others. The educational content and methodology have undergone major changes, which are reflected in content and societal factors, such as the number of students and the attraction of the discipline. Special attention is paid to the knowledge and skills obtained by students. The authors explore the application of typological education to production and engineering buildings.


An Eocene-Oligocene oxygen and carbon isotope history based on planktonic and benthic foraminifers from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71 cores has been constructed for the Maurice Ewing Bank of the eastern Falkland Plateau, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Specifically, the cores cover portions of the middle Eocene, upper Eocene, and lower Oligocene. Surface water isotopic temperatures postulated for the middle Eocene at Site 512 fluctuated within about four degrees but generally averaged about 9°C. Bottom isotopic temperatures at Site 512 (water depth, 1846 m) were generally a degree lower than surface water temperatures. Surface water isotopic temperatures at Site 511 initially averaged about 11 °C during the late Eocene, but dropped to an average of 7°C in the early Oligocene. Bottom isotopic temperatures at Site 511 (water depth, 2589 m) generally record temperatures between 12.5°C and 8°C, similar to the range in the surface water isotopic temperatures. During the early Oligocene, bottom isotopic temperatures dropped sharply and averaged about 2°C (very close to present-day values). Surface water temperature values also decreased to an average of about 7°C, therefore leading to a significant divergence between surface and bottom water isotopic temperatures during the early Oligocene. Comparisons among Southern Ocean DSDP Sites 511,512, and 277, and between these and other DSDP sites from central and northern latitudes (Sites 44, 167, 171, 292, 357, 398, 119, and 401) show that much of the Eocene was characterized by relatively warm temperatures until sometime in either the middle Eocene, late Eocene, or early Oligocene. At each site, conspicuous O enrichments occur in both the benthic and planktonic foraminifers over a relatively short period of time. Although a general trend toward a climatic deterioration is evident, the density of data points among the various studies is still too sparse to determine either synchrony or time-transgression between the major isotopic events. A close correlation could be made between the Site 511 oxygen isotope temperature curve and paleoclimatic trends derived independently from radiolarian studies. The sharp temperature drop and the divergence between bottom and surface water temperatures during the early Oligocene apparently reflect a major expansion of the antarctic water mass. The migration of the boundary between the subantarctic and antarctic water masses over the site at this time would account in part for the sharp temperature changes. Sharp changes of this nature would not necessarily be noted in other geographic areas, particularly those to the north which have different Oceanographic regimes.


Objective: To observe the curative effect of Zizhu Xiaoliu Powder in the treatment of patients with cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL) of damp-heat stasis type, and to pro-vide a reference for clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of LSIL. Methods: Selected from August 2020 to January 2022 in our hospital's gynecological outpatient clinic, confirmed by histopathology that LSIL complicated with HR-HPV infection, P16/Ki67 double staining was positive, and a total of 120 patients with TCM syndrome matching with damp-heat stasis syndrome were selected. The traditional Chinese medicine treatment group applied Zizhu Xiaoliu Powder to the cervix and cervical canal for 3 courses of treatment, while the western medicine treatment group applied recombinant human interferon α -2b vaginal effervescent capsules (Xinfuning®) to the fornix of the vagina for 3 courses of treatment. In the blank control group, no treatment was taken, and the negative conversion of high-risk HPV virus and the expression of P16/Ki67 were compared before and after treatment. Results: The HR-HPV negative conversion rate in the traditional Chinese medicine treatment group was higher than that in the western medicine treatment group and the blank group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The HR-HPV negative conversion rate in the western medicine group was higher than that in the blank group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P < 0.0167). After treatment, the negative rate of P16/Ki67 double staining in the traditional Chinese medicine treatment group was higher than that in the western medicine treatment group and the blank group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The negative rate of P16/Ki67 double staining in the western medicine treatment group was higher than that in the blank group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P < 0.0167). Conclusion: Zizhu Xiaoliu San and interferon can re-verse HR-HPV infection to a certain extent, but Zizhu Xiaoliu San has more advantages in resisting HPV infection and reversing the progress of LSIL, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.


We started a longitudinal study among 72 families who together adopted a total of 80 children from children's homes in Romania. The main questions concerned factors influencing family stress in adoptive families. We used the Nijmegen Child Rearing Questionnaire, the Child Behaviour Checklist and questionnaires measuring trauma, autism, ADHD, and adoption satisfaction. The family stress of the total group of adoptive parents was significantly higher than in the control group of non adoptive parents. The group was divided into a clinical (N=41) and a non-clinical (N=39) group according to the results on the above mentioned instruments. The non-clinical group experienced less family stress than the control group. This implies that adoptive parents are psychologically stronger than other parents. The parents of the clinical group experience significantly more family stress and significantly less satisfaction in the adoption than both the non-clinical and control group. The main factors influencing family stress and adoption satisfaction are Post Traumatic Stress Reaction (PTSR) and Externalising problem behaviour.


This paper has put forward the principle of drawing the circuit components on Protel 99.The quick drawing skill has been introduced through a drawing example on Protel 99.


To cultivate students′ innovation spirit and practice ability,the effect of the case teaching was analysised in the higher mathematics teaching.Reseached that how to carry out the case teaching to cultivate students′ practice ability,innovation spirit and enterprise consciousness on the classroom teaching,course experiment,training,comprehensive design and so on.It provides reference to carry out personnel training mode integrated supporting reform.


95% confidence limits The ability to identify a particular wood species has its benefits in a number of situations. In conservation or restoration of historic furniture, wooden interiors, monuments or other wooden artefacts prior knowledge of the original wood type can be essential for selecting appropriate materials with which to restore the object. Different species incorporated into wooden artefacts have usually been selected for their unique mechanical, visual, exotic or symbolic properties which give the object more resistant, refined, expensive or even 'holy' characteristics. Alternatively, craftsmen may only have access to particular species in their local area. In both circumstances accurate identification of the wood species can be an important step in identifying historical substitutes, later substitutes or more modern replicas. Thermal treatment is often used to improve the physical characteristics of wood for particular purposes, including the dimensional stability and durability of the wood if it is to be exposed to the elements, to chemicals or biological agents such as bacteria, or to frequent use.


The article deals with a number of topical issues of training lawyers in Russia that meet modern realities. Special attention is paid to the problems of the correlation between the mandatory all-Russian standard and university autonomy, general cultural and special education, in-depth study of the theory and practice of pre-revolutionary Russia, the formation of a modern scientific and cultural worldview, including knowledge in both the socio-humanitarian and natural science spheres, the legitimization of legal education, the separation of university and specialized higher legal education, the levels of higher legal education, the training of lawyers in commercial universities, relations of higher education with science , etc.


This paper proposes to show that the Bayesian approach is particularly well-suited to analyzing accident blackspot data, and providing information on which to judge the effectiveness of remedial treatment. This method has two main advantages: (1) it focuses the user's attention on the subjective nature of certain aspects of the problem (other methods tend to ignore this), and (2) it automatically takes account of the "regression-to-mean" effect. It also answers a practical question for the traffic engineer, of whether the regression-to-mean effect is likely to be sufficiently large to be worth worrying about for sites in his area, by illustrating the problem with some typical calculations for sites in two local authority areas in the South of England.


Who can I contact for help? If you are a landowner whose timber has been damaged by a natural disaster, you will need a forester's help in estimating damage and determining a deductible casualty loss. A forester also can help you market salvage timber and decide the best way to manage undamaged standing timber. The Texas Forest Service has foresters in most counties who are available to help. Contact information can be found at http://texasforestservice.tamu.edu.


Alternative variable problems are common in personality research. Given a restriction to correlational designs, it is always possible that a particular personality variable is related to a particular behavior because both are related to some third, unmeasured construct. This being the case, researchers often use designs that involve the measurement of potential alternatives and analysis of covariance or multiple regression to statistically "control" their influence. Unfortunately, when using these techniques to control for the moderating influence of an alternative variable, some rearchers appear to use the wrong covariate. These researchers enter a linear covariate when in fact the postulation of an alternative moderator requires the entry of a covariate interaction. The authors elaborate the logic of this argument and provide an empirical example.