There is a revolution occurring in the biological sciences. It took off just a couple of years ago and is now clearly visible in the literature. Some scientists in the field like to refer to the development as the birth of systems biology, whereas others prefer not to put a label on what is happening. Modern molecular biology was born with the discovery that genetics is based on nucleic acid chemistry (Watson and Crick 1953), and one way to define it is to say that molecular biology is a large box of tools to do genetics by manipulating DNA. This definition may sound disheartening, but its positive side is that the tools can be applied to all aspects of biology to solve essentially all scientific problems that may arise. One result of molecular biology is large-scale sequencing of genomes from a rapidly growing number of organisms. Genome sequencing is not possible without the use of computers with large memory and tools to handle the enormous amounts of data that are generated in the massive sequencing efforts. The need for data handling led to another box of tools, called bioinformatics, which is now an established part of molecular biology. However, when all this sequence data got into computers, it became obvious that the genetic blueprints by themselves tell us very little about the functional behavior of cells and multicellular organisms; that is, about what we really want to know about biological systems. In this way, the human genome project, which is perhaps the most spectacular success of molecular biology, also meant that a vast space of future research of a radically different kind became visible. To understand the causal connections between genotype and phenotype will require a very significant expansion of the traditional toolbox used by molecular biologists. It must include concepts and techniques from many other scientific disciplines such as physics, mathematics, numerical analysis, stochastic processes, and control theory. Many novel tools that do not exist today must be forged to understand how dynamic, adapting, and developing systems can emerge from the information buried in the genomes. The development of such an extended toolbox for quantitative reasoning about the dynamics of living systems, and the application of its contents to solve a variety of scientific problems, is one way to define systems biology, analogous to our definition of molecular biology above. It is our belief that systems biology will enrich the biological sciences and transform our thinking about biological problems, in analogy with what has been happening in molecular biology during the 50 years that have passed since the discovery of the double helix. Systems biology will always bring the functional aspects into focus, sometimes close to genomics and sometimes far out in areas not visited before. Below will follow some examples of what we consider significant developments of systems biology, which is still in its infancy but has great future promise. The selection of topics is limited by the format of this mini-review, and many important contributions could therefore not be covered.


Asthma is chronic inflammatory airway disease and may be induced by both genetic factors and epigenetic factors. Asthma has no particularly typical symptoms,and these symptoms include cough, expectoration, suffocation, chest tightness and even breathing difficulties. Drugs for asthma treatment are divided into rescue treatment and maintenance treatment, rescue treatments are for people with mild symptoms of asthma which means the frequency of onset does not exceed two times a week while maintenance treatments with inhalable drugs that deal with inflammation are for all other patients that suffer severely and to increase control. As in recent years, the population with asthma has shown to be increasing worldwide over time, the importance and necessity of understanding the mechanism of asthma and its main treatment methods and principles are also increasing. This article mainly focused on three types of most commonly seen maintenance treatment for asthma, including glucocorticoid, theophylline and leukotriene receptor antagonist.


Singular Point (SP) is an essential feature in fingerprint images. It is considered as a fingerprint landmark. It is used for both fingerprint classification and alignment in automatic fingerprint recognition systems. In this paper the Prewitt operator is used as method for detecting of singular points in fingerprint image. The Prewitt operator is used as a gradient-based method of fingerprint image edge detection. Singular Points detection technique searches on the core point and the delta point in fingerprint classes. The experimental work has been evaluated using the four groups of the set (B) of the FVC2004 database that include DB1, DB2, DB3 and DB4. The experimental evaluation of the Prewitt operator showed good results, especially in good-quality fingerprint images. The maximum accuracy achieved was in DB4 is up to 95% for core point detection and 53.75% for delta point detection


Epilayer control of photoassisted oxidation and reduction on the ferroelectric PbTiO3 polar surface was investigated. Photo-oxidation of a AgNO3 electrolyte resulting in formation of Ag7NO11 particles was observed on the PbTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 film surface; whereas PbTiO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3 leads to AgNO3 reduction under UV illumination. The oxidation reaction resulting in the formation of Ag7NO11 is explained in terms of a rectifying interface between PbTiO3 and Nb:SrTiO3, controlling the charge transport during UV photocatalysis.


Unlike other real-time systems, data acquisition applications spend most of their time performing synchronous and asynchronous I/O operations. This fact, that affects the tasks' abilities to meet deadlines, can be modelled with some extensions to the classic rate monotonic schedulability test. In this paper, we address this issue by investigating a case study for the application of rate monotonic analysis (RMA) to data acquisition systems. We describe a technique for modelling tasks that perform asynchronous I/O at the end of their executing period; and we also show the logistic and technical problems that can arise when applying RMA at different stages during the development process of an application. We illustrate our ideas with a real-time data acquisition system that we have developed, characterized by a very heterogeneous architecture whose technological components have been pushed to the limits of their performance and capacity.<<ETX>>


A total of 150 farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on their socio-economic profiles and how it influenced the utilization of leaf litter biomass from sub-tropical fruit trees for maintaining soil fertility. Descriptive statistics and dichotomous binary logit models were used to analyse data. The results showed that 95% of the farmers use leaf litter for maintaining soil fertility on their fields. About 70% of the respondent farmers mixed leaf litter with amendments such as kraal and chicken manure in order to improve its nutrient content quality. Composting was also used by the farmers as a technique to improve the quality of leaf litter. The results of the logit model correctly classified 83% of the farmers that used leaf litter for maintaining soil fertility. The estimates of the maximum likelihood for leaf litter biomass utilization by farmers were increased in the order of land tenure (1.35ns) > labour (1.15ns) > age (0.75*) > income (0.57*) = farm size (-0.56*) > gender (0.05*) > education (-0.01*). With the exception of farm size and education level, all other variables in the model had a positive influence on the utilization of leaf litter biomass by small-scale farmers in the study area. The study concluded that the use of leaf litter biomass in the small-scale sector was strongly influenced by age, income and farm size of the respondent farmers implying that these factors be considered when establishing strategies to maintain soil fertility and increase food productivity within the small-scale sectors.

 Key words: Indigenous knowledge, leaf litter biomass, small-scale farmers, socio-economic factors, soil fertility management, sub-tropical fruit trees.


Objective To investigate the relationship between oxygen free radicals and lung injury from intestinal ischemia reperfusion and oxygen free radicals in rats.Methods 24 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups ( n =8),such as sham operation,intestinal ischemia,and intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR).The pulmonary microvascular permeability and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the plasma and lung tissue of each group were measured.Results Comparing with the other two groups,the level of oxygen free radicals and microvascular permeability in the lung tissue of IIR group were increased significantly.MDA correlated with pulmonary microvascular permeability of the IIR group.Conclusion The level of oxygen free radicals increased significantly in IIR rats,and it may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury caused by intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats.


This study aims to examine the factors that influence the risk management practices and differences of risk management practice between Conventional and Islamic Banks. There are several indicators that are used, level of understanding risk and risk management, risk identification, analysis and risk assessment, risk monitoring, risk management practice and credit risk assessment. This study was conducted by questionnaire survey of bank employees who occupy positions in the field of management accounting in the banks of Semarang city. The sampling method used in this study is simple random sampling, with a minimum sample size of 30 respondents. The statistical methods used to test the hypothesis is regression analysis and independent sample T-test. The results showed that the analysis and risk assessment and monitoring risks significant effect on risk management practice, while the level of understanding risk and risk management, risk identification and credit risk assessment is not significant effect on risk management practice. In addition the results of the study also showed no significant differences between Conventional and Islamic Banks in the level of understanding risk and risk management, risk identification, analysis and risk assessment, risk monitoring, risk management practice and credit risk assessment. Other findings obtained in this study is that reputation risk being the most important risk for conventional bank, while legal risks becoming the most important risk in Islamic Banks. In this study there are some limitations and shortcomings, namely, the difficulty of ensuring questionnaires which filled out by respondents according to respondents survey, so that the necessary repairs to the questionnaire used in this study by adding a control order respondents to fill out all the required data.


In a system called application manager, the portable device (1) can be connected to various local area network (LAN). In portable devices, local browser is executed, the service is detected by listening to broadcast messages from the local information server via a part of the base unit (3) in a local area network (5) . Local information server, to register the local service, when there is an automatic request from the local browser, and provides the address information of local services. Address information via the Internet, (graphical information includes an icon file, short description, etc. of the application) Application of information in order to obtain general information services, including the HTTP server (9), it is used by the local browser that. To After receiving the general information, symbols of available services is displayed on the display of the portable device. Users can access the service by a single click, local Lau The is, the user portion of the application in which the symbol is clicked automatically download, to start the execution of the application program. This execution is generally no communication is required, information is the information about where the user is now (such as timetable information or aviation diamond information).


recent years, encumbered by managed care, declining reimbursements, rising malpractice premiums, changing expectations of patients, and low morale among medical practitioners. And with this change, the venerable physician qualities of empathy and compassion seem to have dissipated, at least to the outsider, and clouded the profession with a perceived veil of callousness and physician-patient distancing that is harmful to the therapeutic milieu. The apparent increasing absence of empathy and compassion among physicians is lamentable but seemingly all too frequent. Such lack of empathy fosters the vulnerability, isolation, anxiety, and depression experienced by many patients with serious or lifethreatening illnesses, and paradoxically, it impedes physical and emotional convalescence. We must not forget that when a patient is ill, the lack of an empathic, compassionate, and supportive physician can deter the outcomes of medical interventions designed to assuage the underlying disease. Instead, it can contribute to the boundless abyss of hopelessness felt by so many patients. Empathy is necessary to foster patient hope for a future free of disease or with disease and symptoms under significant control, which contributes to therapeutic efficacy. A lack of empathy and compassion often negates the intentions of medical therapies, and accordingly, may exacerbate or prolong illness and suffering and contribute to a reduced quality of life. Why am I so vocal about empathy and compassion? I have recently been struggling with a minor illness, and while not life-threatening, it has certainly caused significant emotional distress. This distress was not abated by visits to two separate physicians. Instead, I was interviewed and examined briefly and prescribed various medications. One physician even told me, in a rather condescending fashion as she was leaving the examining room, that this will be a chronic malady, and I'll just have to deal with it. Needless to say, such "inspirational encouragement" was depressing, devastating, and not helpful to therapeutic intervention. It also propelled me onto the all-too-common path of doctor hunting. This search was not completely an attempt to find the words I wanted to hear (although that would have been comforting) but rather to find a physician who would listen, provide a rational plan of care, and offer a modicum of hope, empathy, and compassion. Although frustrated and very depressed, I decided to visit one other physician and was surprised at her demeanor and attention. She ushered me into her office on time, listened attentively, provided a rational plan of care, and remarkably, displayed the elusive missing links—empathy and compassion. Although I am not certain if the treatment will be beneficial, and only time will tell, I have found a physician who is empathic and willing to invest time in my medical condition


streptomycin and 50 mg/L ticarcillin. The presence of blaGES-5 in transconjugants was confirmed by PCR. Conjugation experiments revealed that blaGES-5 was carried by a self-conjugative plasmid of 37 kb. Although the transconjugant carrying blaGES-5 had low carbapenem MICs (Table 1), a spectrophotometric assay, performed as previously described, revealed that its crude extract had hydrolytic activity against imipenem (data not shown). Our study constitutes the first report of GES-5-producing Klebsiella spp. on the American continent. The presence of antimicrobial resistance determinants coupled with OmpK35 and OmpK36 loss have contributed to the multidrug resistance phenotype observed. Clinical data analysis suggests that patient colonization by KOZ-Ban2 was probably favoured by previous b-lactam therapy.


This paper develops a simple growth model with moral hazard contracting to examine the interactions between the organizational mode of firms and economic productivity growth. The organizational mode of firms differs in terms of the degree to which decisions of R&D investment are delegated to a manager. We show that the market size restricts the extent of delegation with respect to R&D, which in turn determines the productivity growth rate of the economy. We then show that there exist multiple equilibria: gpartial decentralization equilibrium h with a low growth rate and gfull decentralization equilibrium h with a high growth rate. Finally, we study the effects of social capital and competition on equilibrium organizational modes and show that, under some parametric conditions, these factors induce more decentralized organization and higher productivity growth while lowering the risk of the economy converging to a poverty trap.


Foveal hypoplasia is a term commonly used to describe the lack of development or underdevelopment of the foveal pit which anatomically and functionally correlates with a region of high visual acuity. Despite the fact that, fovea facilitates more precise and greater visual processing, the absence of foveal pit does not mean, a priori, poor visual acuity. While foveal hypoplasia has been usually associated with variable ocular abnormalities, isolated foveal hypoplasia though rare, has been also described. We present a case of a 31 year-old Caucasian male with an isolated foveal hypoplasia and the clinical evaluation in combination with the imaging findings, documented by multifocal ERG for the first time in literature.


The potential for a capacity increase in multi-antenna wireless communication systems has drawn considerable attention to space-time codes. In this work, we propose a systematic code construction method that jointly considers diversity advantage and coding advantage for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and any memoryless constellation. Due to the special structure of the channel symbol difference matrix, the code construction problem is reduced to a combinatorial optimization problem and a computationally efficient suboptimal solution is proposed. The simulations show that our design procedure results in codes that outperform the ones constructed by previously existing methods. In certain cases, as much as 2-2.5 dB coding gain can be observed.


Early non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are crucial to prevent and control of COVID-19 pandemic. We established a stochastic non-classical SEIR NPIs model (ScEIQRsh) which can quantify the three kinds of NPIs measures simultaneously to mimic the clustered intra-family or intra-acquaintance spreading pattern of COVID-19 under the effective integrated NPIs in Mainland China. Model simulation demonstrated that measures to diminish contactable susceptible (Sc), such as home confinement, travel constraint, social distancing etc. and measures to avoid delay of diagnosis and hospitalized isolation (η) were more effective but consumptive than contact tracing (κ, ρ). From fitted model by MCMC method, the proportion of asymptomatic infectors was 14.88% (IQR 8.17%, 25.37%). The association between air temperature and the fitted transmission rate (β) of COVID-19 suggests that COVID-19 pandemic would be seasonal with the optimal temperature range of 5℃-14℃ and peak of 10℃ for spreading, and vaccine is indispensable to ultimate prevention COVID-19.


Discussions are one of the activity types that help students build their content-related background knowledge, understanding, and concepts through various communication approaches (Harris et al. 2009; Hofer and Harris 2011). Students express and share their perspectives and ideas with other students through a smallor large-group discussion (Harris et al. 2009). The formats of discussions may vary; they may be synchronous or asynchronous and structured or unstructured (Hofer and Harris 2011). Because geography is a field of study addressing real-world issues, discussions are a particularly important pedagogy to understand geographical concepts and to come up with solutions for those issues (Delaney 1991). Through classroom discussions, students become active learners, improve their critical thinking skills, embrace diverse perspectives, and develop higher-order thinking skills (Brookfield and Preskill 1999; Dallimore, Hertenstein, and Platt 2004; Delaney 1991). These are essential skill sets not only for geography learning but also for other courses and can be built upon throughout the high school curriculum. Discussions also help teachers determine the level of students' understanding of concepts. In this paper, we share an effective way of utilizing traditional face-to-face discussions with some suggestions for video discussions in the Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) classroom and helpful hints for successful discussions.


In this paper, the omnidirectional antenna which is conformal with cylinder is researched. The design methods of different kinds of cylindrical conformal antennas are described for different diameter of cylinder separately. The radiation characteristics of circle antenna array, circular microstrip antenna and a quarter-wavelength helical microstrip antenna are presented. The emulational results are given to illustrate that these antennas can radiate an omnidirectional pattern normal to the axis of the cylinder approximately. So these antennas have great practicability.


Syngas, produced during gasification reactions, primarily is composed of carbon-monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), along with other gases like carbondioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4). The composition of these gases produced during gasification varies with the type of fuel, oxidizer concentration, operational pressure and temperature. For instance, the amount of CO produced during the endothermic reactions depends strongly on the temperature. The flame structure for different syngas compositions would be an important input for designing a good syngas burner. This paper is an attempt to numerically study the effect of varying the hydrogen concentration in syngas, on the resulting flame structure. A straight cylindrical tube of 4 mm diameter has been considered as the burner tube. Length has been chosen such that flow completely develops within the tube. The jet emerging at the exit of the tube entrains air naturally and the flow is laminar. An axi-symmetric model with simplified Davis mechanism (detailed chemistry mechanism consisting of fourteen species) has been used. A detailed examination of the reaction zone indicates that along the radial direction, CO oxidation occurs followed by the formation of water vapor. The higher species diffusivity and kinetic rate coefficient values for the hydrogen- oxygen reaction over those of CO play a crucial role in determining the overall syngas flame characteristics.


The invention relates to a battery conveying method and vehicle. The battery conveying vehicle is composed of a longitudinal power driving wheel, a transverse power driving wheel, a longitudinal power driving wheel folding supporting rod, a folding foot treadle type guiding tail wheel, a folding seat, a folding seat supporting rod, a folding guiding tail wheel supporting rod, a folding steering foot treadle, a folding driving control rod, a rotary joint and a locating locking clamp. According to the invention, by using the battery conveying vehicle, the transverse movement and the longitudinal movement of the battery conveying vehicle can be conveniently realized; functions of moving the battery conveying vehicle along with the batteries into or out of an electric vehicle are exerted; and the application of the electric vehicle can be conveniently realized and popularized.


After comment on the obvious disparity between the print quality accepted as normal for human reading and the much higher quality needed for machine reading, a system is proposed and results of a simulation study presented for reducing this gap. The system employs a modified form of auto-correlation to extract characteristic properties from which specimen unknown characters can be identified by a simple recognition logic. In order to avoid the problem of representing the continuous grey-tone density scale of low quality print as a two state (binary) variable, analogue techniques are proposed for use in the system.Using a computer simulation of the proposed system a limited number of printed samples of exaggerated quality distribution are used to explore the limits of performance of the system. Numerical results are given and factors effecting performance discussed.


1. Obedience to faith. Arguments for this meaning can include the use of similar phrases with equivalent Greek syntax elsewhere. For example, 1 Peter 1:22 speaks of "obedience to the truth" and 2 Corinthians 10:5, of "obedience to Christ." Other passages use the verb obey (rather than the noun obedience), followed by the dative (rather than the genitive). For example, Romans 10:16 and 2 Thessalonians 1:8 speak of obeying the gospel. Acts 6:7 says that "a large number of priests became obedient to the faith."


. Data from the Munster IMS Magnetometer Array (Kuppers et al. 1979) have been analysed in the frequency domain to derive the inductive response function, C(w, 0), from the ratio of the vertical magnetic field to the spatial gradient of the horizontal magnetic field. The response function was best determined by statistical frequency analysis techniques after the spatial gradients had been derived by least-squares fitting of two-dimensional second-order polynomials to the obser vations, with the constraint imposed that the solutions be curl free. The derived response function was found to obey two dif ferent causality requirements, and most of the inequality con straints imposed on it (Weidelt 1972). A preliminary model, in which conductivity is a function of depth only and which explains the major details of the observed response, is presented. It has a highly resistive uppermost layer of some 10 4 Qm and of the order of 30 km thick, underlain by a layer of about 125 Qm to a depth of around 140 km, where a transition takes place to a highly conducting (3 Qm) half space. The effect of various non-uniform sources on the obser vations of C(w, k) for this 1 D model is illustrated.


Background Most research on partner treatment for chlamydia has been done with female index cases or with clinic-based populations, thus less is known about optimal approaches for community screened men. The purpose of this study is to compare contact-tracing versus patient-delivered partner-treatment (PDPT) for rates of index and partner treatment among chlamydia infected-young heterosexual African American men (AA) diagnosed by screening at community venues. Methods 'Check It' is a community chlamydia screening program for AA men aged 15–24. Initially, index and partner treatment was done by a disease intervention specialist (DIS) using a contact-tracing approach where contacted index and partners could get azithromycin treatment at no cost at participating pharmacies. In month 14 of the program, in response to the findings of in-depth interviews with men enrolled in the program, contacted index men were offered PDPT that could be picked up at a participating pharmacy or mailed to the index. Index and partner treatment outcomes were compared. Results In-depth interviews revealed concerns about giving DIS contact partner information and issues with transportation, thus, PDPT and direct-mailing of azithromycin were added to treatment options. There were 102 screened men in the contact-tracing-phase and 22 in the PDPT-phase. Of these 124 Ct+ men, 83.9% were contacted and 62.9% were treated and they reported 204 baseline partners. Treatment rates were higher in the PDPT-phase versus the contact-tracing-phase for index (86.4% vs 57.8%, p-value<0.02) and partners (50.0% vs 20.6%, p-value<0.01) respectively. Time-to-treatment was shorter for those in the PDPT-phase versus the contact-tracing-phase for index (10.7 vs 16.8 days, p <0.04). During the PDPT-phase 8/22 index men (36.4%) opted for mail-delivery of azithromycin. Conclusion Expedited index and PDPT using local pharmacies or mailed-treatment resulted in significantly higher index and partner treatment rates and shorter time-to-treatment among AA young men screened for Ct in the community. Disclosure No significant relationships.


An emulsion solvent–evaporation technique using aqueous phase as the dispersion medium was used to prepare indomethacin-loaded polystyrene microparticles. The formation and physical characteristics of the microparticles as a function of production variables (nature and concentration of emulsion stabilizers, agitation intensity of emulsification, volume of the organic disperse phase and drug load) were studied.

Analysis of particle-size distribution revealed that the mean diameter of the microparticles decreased with increasing stirring speeds, concentration of methylcellulose up to the critical value and organic disperse phase volumes. Conversely, the size of the microparticles increased with increased drug loads and concentration of methylcellulose above the critical value. Apart from those prepared at the highest stirring speed and with higher disperse phase volumes, all other microparticles were spherical in shape. Further, none of the variables significantly influenced the drug entrapment efficiency of the microparticles.

The emulsion–solvent evaporation technique is suitable for the preparation of indomethacin-loaded microparticles using methylcellulose as emulsion stabilizer.


Measurement of the leptonic asymmetry in t[¯ over t] events produced in p[¯ over p] collisions at s = 1.96TeV. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Measurement of the leptonic asymmetry in t t events produced in p p collisions at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 1:96 TeV We measure the asymmetry in the charge-weighted rapidity qy ' of the lepton in semileptonic t " t decays recorded with the CDF II detector using the full Tevatron Run II sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9:4 fb À1. A parametrization of the asymmetry as a function of qy ' is used to correct for the finite acceptance of the detector and recover the production-level asymmetry. The result of A ' FB ¼ 0:094 þ0:032 À0:029 is to be compared to the standard model next-to-leading-order prediction of A ' FB ¼ 0:038 AE 0:003.


This is the second supplementto "A Bibliographyforthe Studyof Subsynchronous Resonance Between RotatingMachinesandPowerSystems."The intentof thisSupplementis to includeall papers publishedor presentedsincethepublication of the


Long term stability and oxidation resistance of supper alloys which are used in combustion chambers and gas turbines can be ameliorated by application of a protective coating. In his study, two intermetallic compounds were deposited on Inconel 738.


The present experience report aims to describe pedagogical ac vi es of digital literacy carried out with students of a literacy and post-literacy class of Youth and Adult Educa on, from a federal public school in Porto Alegre (RS). Such ac vi es were developed based on an ini al diagnosis of the needs of the class, in a partnership established between the mul purpose teacher (pedagogue) and the Digital Culture teacher. The planning put into prac ce during the fi rst half of 2019, was centered on ac vi es that demys fy the use of digital technologies, such as computers and smartphones. In the same way, the teachers also favored the reuse of electronic waste, in the disassembly of ar facts (mouses and keyboards, among others) to understand their func oning and to redefi ne them in the produc on of new objects, such as an alphabet for the classroom and pedagogical games.


The present invention relates to a clothes handling apparatus, to a more particularly to prevent overheating of the compressor of the heat pump in the machine room to supply hot air into the storage chamber for receiving a clothing garment apparatus. According to the control method of a clothes treating apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the compressor of the heat pump for supplying hot air to the clothes contained in the clothes handling apparatus to overheat. A cooling fan provided in the clothes handling apparatus to the cooling of the compressor is to reduce the noise which is driven selectively only when the compressor is superheated, generated by the cooling fan to be driven in order to cool it, inside the machine room by the cooling fan it is possible to minimize the dust and the like from entering the. Clothes handling apparatus, a heat pump, a compressor, heated, cooled


Presently activated carbon is used as an adsorptive material for chemical and biological warfare agents. It possess excellent surface properties such as large surface area, fire-resistance and plenty availability, but has disadvantages such as its heavy weight, low breathability (after adsorption of moisture) and disposal. In this paper, we propose to utilize novel electrospun polymeric nanostructures having zeolites as catalyst materials. In this respective, the electrospun polymer nanofibers would serve as the best possible substitutes to activated carbon based protective clothing applications. This is the first in the literature that reports the integration of these types of catalysts with nanofiberous membranes.?Electrospinning of cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blend nanofibers has been carried out. Zeolite catalysts (Linde Type A and Mordenite) for the detoxification of nerve agent stimulant-paraoxon, were prepared due to their relative simplicity of synthesis. These catalysts were characterized using SEM and XRD analysis. The catalysts were then coated onto nanofiber membranes and their morphology was confirmed using SEM. This is the first report on the coating of nanofibers with zeolites and their successful demonstration against nerve agent stimulant. The UV studies clearly show the detoxification ability of the functionalized fibers and its potential to be used in textiles for protection and decontamination.


In this article, I attend to the creative processes involved both in the writing and the reception of jisha engi, through the example of a twelfth century Shugendo engi called Mino'odera engi. First, I examine how the Mino'odera engi contributed decisively to the hagiographic evolution of En no Gyoja, the seventh-century figure whom Shugendo practitioners chose as their founder. Then I focus on the way in which this text was used and received, both at Mino'odera and in a broader, regional context. Through comparison with historical, literary, and religious sources, I argue that documents like the Mino'odera engi played an instrumental role in restructuring the spatial and temporal imaginaire of their surroundings and of Japanese Buddhism. Overall, my aim is to draw attention not only to the composition and the contents of engi-type documents, but also to their use and circulation in the early medieval period.KEYWORDS: spatial and temporal imaginaire-Mino'o-En no Gyoja-yamabushi-sangoku denrai-Kanjo-Ninnaji-Shichi tengu-e(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)AS DISCUSSED in the introduction to this special volume, jisha engi ... narrate the origins, which is to say the invention, of sacred sites. Although in many cases research on engi has attended primarily to the circumstances surrounding the initial process of textual composition, more creativity is involved in the reception of these texts. My objective in this article is to illustrate this assertion through an analysis of the Mino'odera engi.Religious practice in the mountains (sanrin shugyo ...), which was an integral element in the religious culture of Mino'o, had been common among both semi-lay figures and official monks (kanso ...) even earlier than the Nara period (Tsuji 1991, 1-6). In the Heian period, monks who had acquired "marvellous powers" (genriki ...) through practice in the mountains joined specialists in esoteric ritual as "persons of power" (genja ...) who served the emperor or high-ranking aristocrats by performing healing treatments (Tokunaga 2001). During the insei period, yamabushi ..., literally "men who lie down in the mountains," who were not necessarily fully ordained, gained public recognition for their special powers. Yamabushi were employed among the guardian monks (gojiso ...), who were charged with ritually protecting the emperor's person (Wakamori 1972, 108-10). It was also during the insei that pilgrimage to Kumano became popular among the royalty and aristocracy (Moerman 2005); when retired emperors traveled to Kumano, they employed yamabushi as their pilgrimage guides (gosendatsu ...), rewarding them with honorary monastic rank and office (Miyachi 1954, 93-129, 147-69; Tokunaga 2002).As a corollary to their new recognition in the social sphere, yamabushi also began to make a place for themselves as important participants in the history of Japanese Buddhism. The legitimacy of Japanese Buddhism was grounded in the understanding that Buddhism had been transmitted in an unaltered state from India to China and then Japan: this concept is known as "transmission through the three countries" (sangoku denrai ...). Therefore yamabushi, who did not trace their dharma lineage back to India, were situated outside of the Japanese Buddhist orthodoxy. During the insei period, yamabushi for the first time appear to have felt the need for a founder of their own.1 En no Gyoja ..., the most famous historical mountain practitioner, was chosen and vene- rated in this role. Importantly, En had long been known as an upasaka (ubasoku ...), that is, as a religious specialist who had not been officially ordained as a Buddhist monk. In time, En no Gyoja's apotheosis as a founder figure was so successful that, based on the temporal and spatial imaginaire of Japanese Buddhism, which had been shaped by notions of the transmission through the three countries, the temporal and spatial imaginaire of sacred mountains around the capital (that is, Kyoto) and "the southern capital" (nanto . …


Introduction. The main purpose of this work was to determine the characteristics of the circulation of various viral respiratory pathogens during the epidemic season 2021-2022, as well as the frequency of co-infection against the background of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.
Materials and methods. The article uses methods of "traditional" and "hospital" epidemiological surveillance for acute respiratory viral infections.
Results and discussion. The epidemic season of 2021-2022 was characterized by the early activity of the influenza A(H3N2) virus, as well as the appearance and rapid spread of a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 (omicron). The dependence on the share of different respiratory pathogens during the epidemic season 2021-2022 was clearly traced: the dominant role belonged to SARS-CoV-2 (18.8%), then to influenza viruses (10.6%) and, finally, to pathogens of other acute respiratory viral infections (0.4%-3.7%). With respect to influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses, heterogeneity of their populations and drift-variability in relation to vaccine strains were noted. The frequency of co-infection with various respiratory pathogens was low: according to "traditional surveillance" - no more than 0.1%, "hospital surveillance" no more than 9.2%. The rationale for updating the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2022-2023 season was given.


Abstract : This report describes a digital computer program entitled TRISPL. TRISPL is a computer program that simulates steady-state design and off-design performance of triple-spool turbofan engines. The program has been formulated for an engine type with two core spools and one fan spool but can easily be modified for other engine types (two fan spools and one core spool, for example) . The program, written in Fortran IV language, uses performance maps (in Block Data format) of the major engine components. Information on setting up the Block Data and input data is given in the report. Also included is a complete program listing with a description of each subroutine and sample results.


The purpose of this research was to determine the profile of the tourist in the urban parish of Zaruma, in order to know their behavior and motivations. At the same time, it aims to contribute to the planning and development of a tourism offer that meets the expectations and interests of national and international tourists visiting the locality. However, the problem revolves around the lack of knowledge of the current situation of tourism in the area; in addition, there is a lack of information on the tourist profile, which leads to a lack of knowledge about their behavior and motivations for tourism in the parish; added to this, the scarce supply of new tourism products created according to the characteristics of the tourist to improve the supply of the destination. Therefore, in the first objective, the methodology of Carla Ricaurte's Tourism Diagnosis of Communities was used, and for the survey of tourist attractions the methodology of the Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) was used.  As a result, information was obtained from the tourism system, updating the inventory of 17 attractions, 82% of which corresponds to hierarchy III and the remaining 18% to hierarchy II.


Recently, in [Found. Comput. Math., 7(2) (2007), 245-269], we proved that an adaptive finite element method based on newest vertex bisection in two space dimensions for solving elliptic equations, which is essentially the method from [SINUM, 38 (2000), 466-488] by Morin, Nochetto, and Siebert, converges with the optimal rate. The number of triangles N in the output partition of such a method is generally larger than the number M of triangles that in all intermediate partitions have been marked for bisection, because additional bisections are needed to retain conforming meshes. A key ingredient to our proof was a result from [Numer. Math., 97(2004), 219-268] by Binev, Dahmen and DeVore saying that N - N-0 <= CM for some absolute constant C, where N-0 is the number of triangles from the initial partition that have never been bisected. In this paper, we extend this result to bisection algorithms of n-simplices, with that generalizing the result concerning optimality of the adaptive finite element method to general space dimensions.


An autopsied case with a congenital aneurysm of the pulmonary trunk accompanied with ventricular septal defect and bicuspid pulmonary valve was reported. The literature of the pulmonary arterial aneurysm in Japan was briefly reviewed.


With wearable devices such as smartwatches on the rise in the consumer electronics market, securing these wearables is vital. However, the current security mechanisms only focus on validating the user not the device itself. Indeed, wearables can be (1) unauthorized wearable devices with correct credentials accessing valuable systems and networks, (2) passive insiders or outsider wearable devices, or (3) information-leaking wearables devices. Fingerprinting via machine learning can provide necessary cyber threat intelligence to address all these cyber attacks. In this work, we introduce a wearable fingerprinting technique focusing on Bluetooth classic protocol, which is a common protocol used by the wearables and other IoT devices. Specifically, we propose a non-intrusive wearable device identification framework which utilizes 20 different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in the training phase of the classification process and selects the best performing algorithm for the testing phase. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of proposed wearable fingerprinting technique on real wearable devices, including various off-the-shelf smartwatches. Our evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed technique to provide reliable cyber threat intelligence. Specifically, our detailed accuracy results show on average 98.5 percent, 98.3 percent precision and recall for identifying wearables using the Bluetooth classic protocol.


The zirconacyclocumulenes 1a (R = CH3) and 1b (R = Ph) were prepared by isomerization of bis(propynyl)ZrCp2 or bis(phenylethynyl)ZrCp2, respectively, catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 (6 mol %). The compounds 1 added PCl3, PhPCl2, or Ph2PCl with cleavage of only one zirconium−carbon single bond. Chloride was added to zirconium and the remaining −PCl2, −P(Ph)Cl, or −PPh2 moiety attached at the distal β-carbon atom of the strained ZrC4R2 metallacycle to yield the respective ring-opened Zr/P-substituted enyne systems (5−7). The complexes 7a and 7b (both with −PPh2) and 6b (with −P(Ph)Cl) were characterized by X-ray diffraction.


Objective: Through the analysis of the working environment, due to fatigue caused by factors such as pathological causes people to cervical disease, clinical on can through the health movement, combined with the change of electrocardiogram, found the existence of reversible turn for the better, and reveals the effectiveness of preventing cervical spondylosis animal health cervical torsion pendulum daily stretching, a torsion pendulum method. Methods: Stretching exercise in one of the cervical diseases prevention and cure instrument designed by bionic development, so that the cervical spine and neck muscles get exercise. Results: Avoid the cervical vertebra to produce all kinds of diseases, treatment of cervical vertebra disease prevention and health care use the instrument of the effective rate was 96.9%, and the treatment of the traditional single traction of the total efficiency of 81.2%, obvious effect. Conclusion: The torsion pendulum stretching exercise. Promote the neck muscle support of cervical vertebra protective effect of bear, have significant effects on health and prevention of cervical disease, improve people's quality of life.


In this study, the on-line discussion learning system of physics investigation was developed for developing the creativity in the problem solving and critical thinking. And with the number of participants of a topic unit, the formation of multiple discussion field and a turn-taking, we found that the interaction patterns of the students were composed of interpersonal interaction pattern, interaction pattern of one to one participation, interaction pattern of one to many participation and interaction pattern of many to many participation. These interaction patterns could make us understand the participation structure and the aspect of interaction of the students in the cyber space.


Experiments to determine the optimum parameters of an excimer irradiation of the cornea for clinical application are reported. The materials, procedures, and results are described. A theoretical model of cornea ablation that takes into consideration the thermal effects and mechanical stresses is suggested. >


IT is now thirty-two years since Dr. Darwin issued his principal work, Tlze Origin of Species; and twenty-nine since Mr. Herbert Spencer issued his prospectus of the S~nzthetic Pltilosoph)', of which the '' First Principles&dquo; &dquo; was the introduction. Early in the summer of 1858 Mr. NVallace had also written an essay, while in the Malay Archipelago, on &dquo;The Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type,&dquo; thus


Children with head injury have impairments in pragmatic language. We investigated speech acts, a form of pragmatic communication, after mild or severe childhood head injury in relation to two linguistic constituents of speech acts competence (lexical-semantic knowledge, pragmatic inference) and two cognitive resources (world knowledge, working memory). Children with head injury had difficulty producing speech acts, and the magnitude of this deficit varied with head injury severity. Within the head injury group, semantic reference and information were unimportant for speech acts, which were, however, significantly predicted by pragmatic inference and working memory. The results are discussed in relation to three general issues: the effect of severity of childhood head injury on linguistic and cognitive morbidity; the relation between semantic reference, pragmatic inference and more general cognitive resources in the production of speech acts; and why semantic competence at a lexical level may not be sufficient for the production of pragmatic utterances.


Salmonids are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their incredible diversity of life‐history strategies and the speed at which many salmonid species have diversified. In Switzerland alone, over 30 species of Alpine whitefish from the subfamily Coregoninae have evolved since the last glacial maximum, with species exhibiting a diverse range of morphological and behavioural phenotypes. This, combined with the whole genome duplication which occurred in the ancestor of all salmonids, makes the Alpine whitefish radiation a particularly interesting system in which to study the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation and the impacts of ploidy changes and subsequent rediploidization on genome evolution. Although well‐curated genome assemblies exist for many species within Salmonidae, genomic resources for the subfamily Coregoninae are lacking. To assemble a whitefish reference genome, we carried out PacBio sequencing from one wild‐caught Coregonus sp. "Balchen" from Lake Thun to ~90× coverage. PacBio reads were assembled independently using three different assemblers, falcon, canu and wtdbg2 and subsequently scaffolded with additional Hi‐C data. All three assemblies were highly contiguous, had strong synteny to a previously published Coregonus linkage map, and when mapping additional short‐read data to each of the assemblies, coverage was fairly even across most chromosome‐scale scaffolds. Here, we present the first de novo genome assembly for the Salmonid subfamily Coregoninae. The final 2.2‐Gb wtdbg2 assembly included 40 scaffolds, an N50 of 51.9 Mb and was 93.3% complete for BUSCOs. The assembly consisted of ~52% transposable elements and contained 44,525 genes.


With high speed development of the city construction in Tianjin Binhai New Area,a great deal of underground engineering such as deep foundation excavations came forth.This made the research on the properties of soft clay in Binhai New Area become necessary,especially for the unloading properties.Using the improved triaxial equipment,a series of ko consolidation and undrained tests have been carried out to study the unloading deformation properties of the soil in Tianjin Binhai New Area.According to the experimental results,it can be conclude that the unloading deformation properties of the soft clay are relative to the stress path.The stress-strain curves of the soil under lateral or vertical unloading path can be simulated by hyperbola function and the initial tangent modulus is proportional to the confining pressure.Also the soft clay under lateral or vertical unloading path has obvious normalization character.The stress-strain relations vary linearly with the variation of confining pressure.


Two reversible polymer networks, based on Diels–Alder cycloadditions, are selected to discuss the opportunities of mobility-controlled self-healing in ambient conditions for which information is lacking in literature. The main methods for this study are (modulated temperature) differential scanning calorimetry, microcalorimetry, dynamic rheometry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and kinetic simulations. The reversible network 3M-3F630 is chosen to study the conceptual aspects of diffusion-controlled Diels–Alder reactions from 20 to 65 °C. Network formation by gelation is proven and above 30 °C gelled glasses are formed, while cure below 30 °C gives ungelled glasses. The slow progress of Diels–Alder reactions in mobility-restricted conditions is proven by the further increase of the system's glass transition temperature by 24 °C beyond the cure temperature of 20 °C. These findings are employed in the reversible network 3M-F375PMA, which is UV-polymerized, starting from a Diels–Alder methacrylate pre-polymer. Self-healing of microcracks in diffusion-controlled conditions is demonstrated at 20 °C. De-gelation measurements show the structural integrity of both networks up to at least 150 °C. Moreover, mechanical robustness in 3M-F375PMA is maintained by the poly(methacrylate) chains to at least 120 °C. The self-healing capacity is simulated in an ambient temperature window between −40 and 85 °C, supporting its applicability as self-healing encapsulant in photovoltaics.


The target here is not the HMO, but the method in which HMOs are marketed: by smooth-talking representatives who promise maximal care for minimal cost, and who underestimate the intelligence or take advantage of the inexperience of the patient and the private physician. In an attempt to protect consumers, and also physicians who consider joining an HMO, a list of questions is presented for both groups. Fifty probing queries should furnish prospective patients with the necessary information. Three questions and eleven commandments are suggested for physicians and their own protection.


L1 (no irrigation), L2 (80% evapora- tion, EV), L3 (100% evaporation) and L4 (120% evaporation) irrigation levels and five types of fer- tilisation were evaluated in an orchard in Silvania (Cundinamarca) to determine their influence on cape gooseberry fruit cracking, taking ICONTEC's es- tablished ripening stages 3, 4, 5 and 6 into account. Fertilisation consisted of T1 (control having no fer- tilisation), T2 (technical fertilisation), T3 (technical fertilisation having low potassium level), T4 (tech- nical fertilisation using no boron), T5 (technical fer- tilisation having added calcium) and T6 (farmer's fertilisation). Results indicated that during the five- month study's first three months (July to Septem- ber 2002) irrigation and irrigation interacting with fertilisation did not have any significant effect on the percentage of cracking; however, B deficiency, low K levels and farmer's fertilisation had a signi- ficant effect on cracking. Irrigation, farmer's ferti- lisation and irrigation interacting with fertilisation caused significant effects during the fourth month of sampling such as: (a) the lowest percentage of cracking being obtained without irrigation com- pared to treatment involving watering; (b) farmer's fertilisation and technical fertilisation without B presenting the highest cracking respecting techni- cal fertilisation, technical fertilisation with low K and control; and (c) increased irrigation levels en- hancing cracked fruit percentage in technical fer- tilisation and fertilisation having low K content. Farmer's fertilisation, technical fertilisation without B and those with low K showed the highest per- centage of cracking during the study's fifth month as compared to control, technical fertilisation and


Abstract Starting from the reciprocity law for Gaussian sums attached to an integral quadratic form we prove functional equations for a new kind of Dirichlet series in two variables. For special values of one variable they are of Hecke type with respect to the other variable. With Weil's converse theorem we derive automorphic functions which generalize Siegel's genus invariant and the automorphic functions of Cohen and Zagier.


This paper addresses three important observations relating to cross-linguistic patterns of metathesis. First, the direction of change in metathesis can differ from language to language such that a similar sound combination can be realized in one order in one language, but in the reverse order in another language. Second, for some sound combinations, one order is favored cross-linguistically as the output for metathesis, while for others, one order occurs just as frequently as the other. Third, the acoustic/auditory cues to the identification of the sequence resulting from metathesis are frequently better, or optimized, as compared to those of the expected, yet non-occurring, order. These patterns receive a straightforward account when we consider the nature of the sounds involved, and a speaker/hearer's native language knowledge. It is argued that for metathesis to occur, two conditions must be met: first, there must be ambiguity in the signal and second, the order of sounds opposite to that occurring in the input must be attested in the language. With respect to this last point, it is shown that an individual's knowledge of his/her language, including its patterns of usage, is an effective predictor of metathesis. Support for this approach comes from the metathesis patterns themselves, as well as a large body of research in phonetics, phonology, historical linguistics and psycholinguistics. While neither the phonetic nature of the sounds involved nor knowledge of native sound sequences and their usage is sufficient to provide a fully predictive account of metathesis, this study shows that by taking into account both factors, we are able to understand why metathesis occurs, why it favors certain sound combinations, and why we obtain the output that we do. Implications of the present study for phonology, the nature of Optimality theoretic constraints in particular, are noted in the final section. 1 This study has benefited from the input of many individuals. For their thoughts, suggestions and criticisms regarding this work, I am especially grateful to Mary Beckman, Mary Bradshaw, Nick Clements, Ilse Lehiste, Hélène Loevenbruck, Matt Makashay, Jeff Mielke, Jennifer Muller, David Odden, Mark Pitt, Shari Speer, Donca Steriade, Steve Winters, Richard Wright and especially, Keith Johnson for countless discussions as well as comments on an earlier version of this paper. I am also grateful to a number of linguists for their generosity in sharing with me their knowledge of specific languages. In this regard I would like to thank Outi Bat-El (Modern Hebrew), Marika Butskhrikidze (Georgian), Catherine Callaghan (Mutsun), Sheldon Harrison (Mokilese), Hjalmar Peterson (Faroese), Miklós Törkenczy (Hungarian), Krisztina Polgardi (Hungarian), Wolfgang Schulze (Udi), Grover Hudson (Sidamo and other Ethiopian languages), Deborah Schmidt (Basaa), John Wolff (Tagalog), Fernando Martinez-Gil (Old Spanish). Jeff Mielke, Jennifer Muller and Misun Seo provided valuable research assistance for which I am very grateful. Research for this study was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation: SBR-9809732.


F‐actin treadmilling plays a key part in cell locomotion. Because immunofluorescence showed colocalisation of thymosin beta4 (Tβ4) with cofilin‐1 and Arp2/3 complex in lamellipodia, we analyzed combinations of these proteins on F‐actin‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐hydrolysis, which provides a measure of actin treadmilling. Actin depolymerising factor (ADF)/cofilin stimulated treadmilling, while Tβ4 decreased treadmilling, presumably by sequestering monomers. Tβ4 added together with ADF/cofilin also inhibited the treadmilling, relative to cofilin alone, but both the rate and extent of depolymerization were markedly enhanced in the presence of both these proteins. Arp2/3 complex reversed the sequestering activity of Tβ4 when equimolar to actin, but not in the additional presence of cofilin‐1 or ADF. Transfection experiments to explore the effects of changing the intracellular concentration of Tβ4 in HeLa cells showed that an increase in Tβ4 resulted in reduced actin filaments bundles and narrower lamellipodia, and a conspicuous decrease of cell migration as seen by two different assays. In contrast, cells transfected with a vector leading to Tβ4 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) displayed prominent actin filament networks within the lamellipodia and the leading lamella and enhanced migration. The experiments reported here demonstrate the importance of the interplay of these different classes of actin‐binding proteins on cell behaviour. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of iron oxides that occur during the development of porosity in the illuvial horizons of soddy-podzolic loamy soils are considered. A hypothesis of porosity development under deep loosening is proposed; the main stages of the process and the conditions required to preserve the porous structure are revealed.


This article contains analysis of the results of examination of patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries isolatedand combined with diabetes with 2b, 3a and 3b stages of chronic arterial ischemia. Using radionuclide angiography determined that violation of peripheral blood circulation and microcirculatory bed increases with progression of stage ofthe arterial ischemia and existence of diabetic macro- and microangiopathy.


A major challenge in the photovoltaics (PV) systems is to make it energy efficient. Partial shading reduces the energy yield of PV systems and introduces multiple peaks in the P - V characteristics. The maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) work in conjunction with the boost converter and track the global peak in the P - V characteristics. The boost converter used for MPPT is generally designed to operate with high efficiency at the maximum power point (MPP) voltage of the array by assuming a single peak power point on the P - V characteristics. However, the efficiency of the boost converter varies with the input voltage, and the MPP of the load when the converter efficiency is considered is different from the MPP of the PV array. Since the maximisation of power in the load is ultimately desirable, this study focuses on the maximisation of power to the load. The power transferred to load under different shading patterns is analysed and the results of the study are demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.


For the problem of tracking control of three wheel mobile robot,kinematic model of mobile robot and controller based on Lyapunov steady theory are formed.The performance of this controller is based on its parameters.ANN is used to adjust the parameters dynamically.PSO(particle swarm optimization) has the advantage of fast convergence speed and few parameters to adjust,but premature convergence often occurs during optimization.SA,intercross operator and aberrance operator are combined to improve PSO's performance,a new IPSO(improved particle swarm optimization) is formed to optimize the controller's parameters.At last,simulation results are provided to illustrate the flexibility and correctness of the controller.


A fundamental, open, issue pertaining to Human Postural Sway is how to deal with the uncertain, nonlinear and time-varying nature of human motor dynamics. To address this issue, in the present thesis, the body is regarded as a single-link inverted pendulum with movement at the ankle joint controlled by the human postural control system. In patients with neurological impairment, this function might be restored by functional electrical stimulation. A critical part of such a neural prosthesis is the control algorithm. The control techniques used for such nonlinear dynamic systems should be tolerant to significant variations in the mechanics of human motion. To address the inherent limitations of the current methods, such as PID and model based designs, the active disturbance rejection concept is introduced with the aim to make the control system as model independent as possible. It is shown that the resulting new controller yields excellent performance even with significant changes in the plant dynamics.


Introduction: Radiotherapy aims to deliver a lethal beam of radiation onto lung tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. In order to achieve this objective, the radiation must be targeted, requiring the spatio-temporal location the tumor. In this work, we describe a method to integrate FEA/CFD ((Finite Element Analysis/Computational Fluid Dynamic)) technique with four dimensional CT (4D-CT) imaging to effectively predict the transient displacement of the lung and by so doing, track the tumor motion during radiation therapy. Emphasis is placed on utilizing realistic elasticity of the lung to investigate its impact on the resulting lung deformation. Numerical modeling of lung dynamics during respiration is a challenging work due to the complexity of geometry, structural heterogeneity and anisotropy, and boundary constraints. The presence of tumor usually significantly increases the local elastic modulus due to stiffness. Thus, a commonly used uniform Young's modulus (YM) setup in the simulation may not accurately predict the tumor displacement during respiration process. In this work, we propose a patient-specific and spatially distributed YM model derived from 4D-CT to consider different elastic properties of different parts of lung.


Kinetics of the complete combustion of propane at very low concentration in air (0.45 mole % in air) over Mn-doped ZrO2 (cubic) catalyst (Mn/Zr=0.25) at different temperatures (573-673 K) in kinetic control regime have been investigated. The activation energy and frequency factor for the combustion were found to be 20.14 kcal. mol-1 and 2.38 x 105 mol..g-1.h-1.kPa 0.5, respectively.


The preparation , structures sympol and applications of graft copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide(CAM) as retention aid and filter aid are studied,retention mechanism of CAM is discussed.The results of applications show that the graft copolymer is an effective retention aid and it also can improve the strength of the paper for papermaking.


OBJECTIVE
To present a reflection on the forms of violence in health care settings and on preventive actions.

METHOD
This is a theoretical reflection about the phenomenon of violence and its possible coping actions.

RESULTS
Nurses and other professionals working in health care environments may experience situations of aggression and disrespect through institutional or managerial violence, horizontal violence and patient violence.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
Violent practices are not applicable in any workplace, especially in care settings. Actions or measures of control should be taken in pursuit of healthier environments and in harmony with the culture of peace.


Criteria are set out that referees can use to judge manuscripts offered for publication. One of the criteria is clarity of the writing and soundness of the organisation of the article. This paper deals mainly with this requirement of good writing and logical organisation and sets out the broad structure of a scientific article under the various headings usually encountered in research publications. Hints are given to help the author to organise the mass of information into a logical and readable form, while keeping the requirements of electronic searching of literature in databases in mind.


Correlations between adsorption energies allow for the prediction of a large set of adsorption energies from a few quantum-chemical calculations, enabling quick evaluations of the catalytic activity of surfaces for multistep reactions. A critical question is whether these correlations—initially established at low coverage on geometrically similar surfaces—are useful at high coverage and in various geometric environments, which are the relevant industrial conditions of real catalysts. To answer this question, we use density functional theory to calculate almost 900 adsorption energies of several atomic adsorbates on late transition metal fcc (111) surfaces at a variety of coverages and configurations. We observe strict requirements of the geometric similarity between adsorption sites for the existence of correlations in adsorption energies. We also find that the introduction of higher coverages generally weakens and changes the correlations. We use our results to assess a simple model constructed from prev...


The paper introduced the update progress of the study on the present human resource redundance and the technical innovation. The paper provided the proposals on how to monitoring and control the redundance of the human resources.


With engineering practical experience,this paper advanced the idea that automatic dam safety monitoring and control system is a combination of automatic dam safety monitoring system,automatic measure-and-report system,automatic gate monitor-ing system and remote video monitoring system,which is based on remote information transmission.Further,the issues on system component,electricity supply and remote information transmission were discussed here.


A habitat suitability index (HSI) model for the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the North Pacific has been developed under the on-going national research program "Research Program on Climate Change Adaptation" (RECCA), and successfully estimated the accurate potential fishing zone around the date line in summer, by applying the MOVE ocean reanalysis product which can provide realistic fields of 3-dimensional ocean circulation and environmental structures. Furthermore, the delivery of daily maps of the squid HSI and other ocean environmental fields (SST, SSH, chl-a, sub-surface temperature etc.) through the internet for Japanese fishing vessels was conducted in 2012, and the interviews with users were carried out after the fishing period to investigate the availability of the web-site. The results demonstrate that the information of the potential fishing zone of neon flying squid has the effective impact for adaptive fishery operation with low cost and reduction of CO2emission.


Abstract Gold leaf decoration on Islamic glazed ceramics appears in the twelfth–thirteenth century in Iran. In late fourteenth century, many craftsmen were deported by Tamerlane – alias Timur-i Leng (1336–1405) – to Samarkand or Shakhrisabz in order to adorn the monuments he ordered to settle his power. Thus, gilded tiles are quite frequent in Timurid architecture and are regarded as a heritage of Iranian techniques of glaze decoration. This paper is dealing with the history of ceramic techniques and its first aim is to propose the main steps of the making process of gold leaf decoration. This study implies the combination of non-destructive surface observations and analyses such as SEM-EDS, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and white light interferometry in the light of an ancient text describing the know-how. The other issue of the study is to compare the obtained data on two corpuses of sherds: Iranian vessel dating from the twelfth to thirteenth century, and architectural Timurid tiles dating from the fourteenth to fifteenth century, so as to grasp the evolution of the technique.


Microstructures and properties of alumina ceramics are sensitive to sintering additives, and commercially available ready-to-press alumina powders may not contain required sintering additives for specific applications. We show a simple and practical way of microstructure design of alumina ceramics made from the commercial powders through surface modification. The method utilizes the micro-porous feature of an alumina green body pre-sintered at 1000°C, and deposits ultra-low-density sintering additive slips onto the micro-porous substrate. The surface microstructures can be refined if an ultra-low-density MgO or SiO2 slip is deposited onto the substrate, whereas a TiO2 slip leads to coarser and extended grain structures. TiO2/MgO, SiO2/MgO, and TiO2/SiO2 combinations have also been tested, so that various surface modifications can be achieved.


A review is given of physicochemical studies on cellulose and cellulose derivatives made during the years of World War II at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden. Emphasis has been laid on the principles of the subject and the review deals essentially with some investigations on nitrocellulose by the present author. An outline of the problems of the cellulose chemistry of today serves as an introduction. The principles of molecular weight determinations from Svedberg's equation are briefly mentioned, and the difficulties in the extrapolation of sedimentation constants to zero concentration are discussed. The problem of what sort of average molecular weight is obtained from Svedberg's equation is treated subsequently and methods for determination of distributions from combinations of osmotic and sedimentation experiments described. A table comparing five different sorts of average molecular weights for a numbe of nitrocelluloses is discussed.


We will see that there is a one-to-one linear correspondence between these harmonic functions and those of a second triangular branching matrix. From that, it follows that there can be only one extreme harmonic function equal to 1 at x=0. This function whenever it exists is an exponential function. We will be able to describe all the harmonic functions only when E p(n) = Io np(n) =1. This case has been already solved by Kesten, Ney and Spitzer [I].


For the day-ahead density forecasting of electricity load, this paper proposes the combination of the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, with both of them admitting exogenous inputs. This composite structure on the conditional mean and variance is referred to as the ARMAX-GARCHX model. As an alternative to its estimation by means of log-likelihood maximization, approaches based on iterative least-squares (ILS) and nonlinear least-squares (NLS) are considered. Apart from the ARMAX-GARCHX model, quantile regression models (QRMs) are also tested in forecasting where a wide range of quantiles are separately modeled to approximate a density. Phase currents of several low voltage transformer cables from the Netherlands are forecasted to compare the performances, and as the probabilistic evaluation criterion, the continuous ranked probability score is used. As an outline of the results, the ARMAX-GARCHX model outperformed QRMs and among its estimation techniques, the likelihood-based approach had the best performance, though the differences in the errors are often minor. Thus, owing to its computational simplicity, the ILS solution can be a valuable option when processing large batches of data in practice.


The structure of the title compound consists of a three-dimensional structure made of corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra and MoO4 tetrahedra with Ag/Na cations occupying the same site in the polyhedral interstitial spaces.


Background: Acupressure is considered as one form of holistic therapies that can improve tissue perfusion to improve motor function in patients with stroke. Objective: To analyze the effect of 14 points acupressure on upper and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest control group design. Paired comparative analytic design was also used. Thirty-eight participants were selected, which 19 participants assigned in the experiment and control group. The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used to measure the lower and upper muscle strengths. Results: There was a significant difference between the improvement of the upper muscle strength in the experimental group and the control group at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p = 0.010, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000); and there was a significant difference between the improvement of the lower extremity muscle strength in the experimental group and the control group at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p=0.023, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000). Conclusion: The 14 points acupressure is effective in increasing upper and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke.


The writer proposed some new conceptions of the music structure. It was that an independent systemic and integrated music work had a basic layer, and on it there were secondary one with different levels, and the regular layer controlled the irregular one. The progression of music tone created, developed and evolvement in the music work lead to a kind of high ordered, chaos order. The article analyzed and demonstrated the dissipation system with the self-organization in music works.


Parole, it can be processed if the prisoners had undergone at least 2/3 criminal past, then the provisions of 2/3 is not less than 9 months and well behaved. These requirements must be met and not commit a criminal act or other misbehave. Formulation of the problem is 1) How does the implementation of granting parole in Rutan Class IIB Padang Panjang? 2) What obstacles encountered in the provision of parole in Rutan Class IIB Padang Panjang? This study uses a sociological approach to legal research (empirical), the source of the data in this study are primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques, we choose the interviews, the study documents the data analyzed qualitatively. From the study it can be concluded that a) Implementation of parole may be realized or fail to get parole that because of self-convict itself and inconsistencies in applying parole officer b) the nomination process to obtain parole for inmates, still not implemented in accordance with the policy set the legislation in force, the inconsistency in applying existing policy mechanisms mainly technical and substantive issues in granting parole, the lack of concern related institution that is focused on the policies of each, guarantor inmates instead of family and breaches of discipline in detention Class IIB Padang Panjang. Keywords: Liberation, Conditional, Inmates, Prison


A special purpose program has been developed to compute the time-domain solutions and the Lyapunov exponents for Chua's circuit family. Advantage has been taken of the piecewise-linear nature of th...


In this paper, a new technique of null-steering mode filtering for a synthetic aperture array is applied for the passive source localization on an AUV mounted array. The proposed method utilizes modal spatiotemporal consistency on a moving array in the stratified waveguide, and overcomes physical aperture limitation for source localization by the AUV mounted short horizontal array. The simulated results indicate that performance of source localization is improved and with faster moving speed, the beam side-lobe level of bearing estimation can be reduced.


This paper presents a theoretical design of how an optimal synchronization is achieved for stochastic complex networks. The methodology is developed to guarantee that all nodes of a complex network influenced by uncertain noises synchronize with the target node. The formulation of a decentralized optimal controller is rigorously derived by using Lyapunov technique and the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) equation for a unified model of complex networks. To verify the analytical results, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which is simple and easy to implement in reality.


In a data base of inventoried fabric pieces (e.g. rolls) having associated predetermined color parameter value data, a target fabric piece is initially selected having color parameter values which substantially deviate from a nominal center point within the color parameter space. Thereafter, a subset of the inventoried fabric pieces is identified having associated color parameters sufficiently near to those of the identified target piece as to be commonly usable therewith (e.g. in the construc tion of a garment). The color parameters may include red/green difference (da), yellow/blue difference (db") and lightness difference (dL*) values. Those de fined points which fall within an ellipsoidal color space volume (having axes dimensioned to correspond to a predetermined acceptable variations in the color param eters within the desired subset and having a centerse lected so as to cause the color parameter values of the target piece to be located at the outer portion of such an ellipsoidal volume) are selected as a potentially usable subset. The result is an inverted or outside-toward inside shade grouping selection process (in color space) of the inventoried fabric pieces-rather than vice ver sa-thus tending always to concentrate the color space values of remaining inventoried fabric pieces.


Current peaks due to transient SCLC (space charge limited current) were observed in LDPE (low-density polyethylene) at 70/spl deg/C. From the time at which the current peak occurs, carrier mobilities ranging from 5/spl times/10/sup -15/ to 7/spl times/10/sup -14/ m/sup 2//Vs were obtained. The mobility values obtained for LDPE depend on both applied field and hydrostatic pressure and verify hopping mechanism. The presence of space charge has been confirmed by analyzing discharge currents measurements.


The invention discloses communication equipment and a power failure alarming method. The communication equipment comprises a power module, a power failure monitoring module and a processor, and further comprises a capacitance module, an alarm processing module and a message transmission module, wherein the power module is used for supplying power to the communication equipment; the power failure monitoring module monitors the power supply state of the communication equipment; the processor processes data; the capacitance module is used for freewheeling in a power failure of the power module; the alarm processing module is used for transmitting a power failure interrupt signal to the processor after receiving a power failure notification signal; the processor is further used for indicating the message transmission module to transmit a power failure alarming message after receiving the power failure interrupt signal; and the message transmission module is used for acquiring a pre-stored power failure alarming message after receiving indication information from the processor, and transmitting the power failure alarming message to monitoring equipment in an Ethernet frame form. By the communication equipment and the power failure alarming method, the processing time of a power failure alarming flow can be shortened, and power failure alarming reliability can be improved.


Yantis and Jonides (1984) and Jonides and Yantis (1988) reported robust involuntary attentional capture by sudden-onsets, the origin of which has been debated. Prominent accounts have highlighted aspects that include the Bnew object^ status of a sudden-onset (Yantis & Hillstrom, 1994) and the substantial luminance changes accompanying their appearance (Gellatly, Cole & Blurton, 1999; Franconeri, Hollingworth & Simons, 2005), including relative differences in the amount of sensory change between target and nontarget items (Pinto, Olivers & Theeuwes, 2008). In this research we dissociate the amount of sensory change accompanying sudden onsets from the extent to which they appear as newly created objects in search displays. We attempted to determine the relative contribution of local sensory changes and display configuration to attentional capture by sudden-onsets. We showed that the display configuration of old objects modulates the impact of capture caused by sudden-onsets.


Introduction The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferases are currently the subject of rigorous investigations by a number of laboratories. Overwhelming evidence indicates that UDPglucuronyltransferase is a heterogeneous family of enzymes (see Burchell, 1981); thus these investigations in mammalian tissues are complicated by the specificity and magnitude of measurable changes of transferase activities in response to inducing agents (Lillienblum et al., 1982). The developing chick embryo is in many respects a more convenient model for tackling some of the problems involved in the study of the control of gene expression by drugs and hormones (see Dutton, 1973; Grieninger & Granick, 1975). The activity of hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase towards various substrates is virtually absent from chickembryo liver until hatching, when it rises suddenly to adult values (Dutton & KO, 1966). Precocious development in ovo of this enzyme can be brought about by injection of phenobarbital or infusion of certain 11 8-hydroxy corticosteroids into embryonated eggs (Wishart & Dutton, 1975; Leakey et al., 1976), such that UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity is increased from virtually zero by some 50-fold by corticosterone acetate (Leakey et al., 1976) and up to 200fold by phenobarbital (Wishart & Dutton, 1975). These observations led to the discovery of the regulation of UDPglucuronyltransferase by glucocorticoids in developing mammalian liver (Wishart & Dutton, 1977). The enormous increases of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity mediated by phenobarbital in chick-embryo liver in ouo can also be demonstrated in chick-embryo liver cultures (Burchell et al., 1972). Thus the developing chick-embryo liver cell provides an excellent model for study of the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity by drugs and hormones. We are currently investigating the transcriptional and translational events involved in drug-mediated stimulation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase synthesis in avian liver.


The improvements in methodology of lipids isolation and systematic investigations into the structure of glycosphingolipids have led to the characterization from gastric mucosa of glycosphingolipids with complex carbohydrate chains.lJ In previous reports, we have described the glycolipids comprising of 18-36 sugar residues, and established the existence of glycoconjugates with the properties of glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins." Here, we present preliminary data on the structure of one of these glycosphingolipid-glycoprotein hybrids.


The notion of Henselian rings was introduced by G. Azuma-ya [l]. We concern ourselves in the present paper mainly with Henselizations of integrally closed integrity domains. Chapter I deals with general integrally closed integrity domains. As a preparation of our studies, we introduce the notion of decomposition rings analogously as in the case of fields (§1). And then we define the notions of (local) Henselian rings and Henselizations of integrally closed integrity domains, and obtain several results concerning characterizations of Henselian rings and the uniqeness of Henselizations (§2).


A pulsed RADAR approach is investigated to probe acoustic delay lines used as passive sensors. In order to comply with the requirements of compact, low power receiver electronics, a stroboscopic equivalent time sampling approach is demonstrated. A strategy for generating high resolution time delays while allowing for long interrogation durations (up to 5 μs) is implemented by combining an FPGA-based delay generator with commercially available programmable digital delay lines. The measurement sequence of generating interleaved combs is due to the long delay line reconfiguration duration (SPI communication) with respect to the coarse comb (FPGA based counter). The response of the sensor is recorded and processed to acquire the coarse acoustic velocity information through magnitude measurement, and an accurate physical quantity estimate is computed thanks to the phase information. We demonstrate an improved software measurement strategy which prevents the slow process associated with a stroboscopic approach and allows to reach refresh rates of up to 20 kHz when probing an acoustic tag for a physical property measurement, while keeping the hardware to a bare minimum.


Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, wireless networks are highly susceptible to jamming attacks. Such attacks are often studied in a game theoretic framework under the assumption of uninterrupted traffic subject to continuous jamming opportunities. Instead, we analyze the effect of dynamically changing traffic on jamming games for power controlled medium access. Random packet arrivals raise the possibility that the transmitter queues may be empty when jamming attacks start and thus waste the energy of jammers. We consider a non-cooperative game in which transmitters and jammers select their transmission power to balance the transmission cost subject to delay and energy constraints. We show that jammers incur a significant performance loss when they do not have knowledge of transmitter queue states. Dynamic traffic increases the immunity to jamming attacks and gives insights into defense mechanisms.


This research aims to realize a miniature ORC (organic Rankine cycle) generator, and a MEMS process is used to reduce the size of the turbine structure. The developed MEMS turbine had millimeter scale structure, and it demonstrated the rotational motion by a low-boiling-point medium as a working fluid that can be harvested a low temperature waste heat. The rotation speed of the turbine was measured and compared in open and closed measurement systems. As a result, in the closed system, the maximum rotation speed was 113,207 rpm at heating temperature of 80.2 °C and the inlet pressure of 0.26 MPa. The rotation speed of the open system was lower than that of the closed system because the low-boiling-point medium changed to gas-liquid two-phase in the open system. However, the working fluid released from the turbine in the liquid-phase is preferable for downsizing because it eliminates the need for a condenser.


SUMMARY

I have one final question to ask–who is to lead this revolution. It is a sad comment on the state of information science in biology (and the environmental sciences) that scientists with information problems should, in general, turn not to the professionals, to the curators, the librarians and the information scientists, but to scientists who have dabbled with computers. We almost have the situation where curators preserve specimens, librarians preserve books and nobody preserves information. There is a real danger that the challenge will be taken up by the computer specialists who will build up information empires quite separately from the libraries and museums. The pressure for such computer archives is coming from the research activities of systematic geologists and biologists like myself. Some of us are busy forging strong links with the computer specialists but it would be a disaster if the computer side grows up separately. What we need is not fragmentation but integration–integration of specimens, photographs, documents–printed, manuscript and computer–in fact integration of all communication media into a single system to serve the needs of scientists. It is time that the professionals came to grips with the obvious. Their product should be information not books, specimens or other arbitrary package. Any new technology which produces a better information service must be taken into the system.


Biomass is an abundant energy source, particularly in Canada, as an alternative or primary source for electricity generation. However, low economy of scale could cause a loss of efficiency for bioenergy adoption in small remote communities. In this sense, coordination among the players could promote the efficiency and profitability of bioenergy supply chains for these communities. There are different coordination strategies with varying impacts on supply chain players' profit or cost. Therefore, analyzing and comparing them could provide insights on how to decide about the choice of coordination strategy. In doing so, this study considers the coordination strategies of quantity discounts and cost-sharing. The study adopts a system dynamics approach for simulating these coordination scenarios, obtaining their corresponding optimal supply chain decisions, followed by a comparative analysis. For a case study, the study considers multiple suppliers providing biomass for electricity generation in three communities in northern Quebec.


A model is proposed for predicting the compression behavior of axially loaded concrete cylinders confined by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) shells. To capture the active confinement applied by the FRP, an orthotropic hypoelasticity-based constitutive law is used for the concrete. This law is defined the triaxial stress space. The confinement-induced concrete strength enhancements are computed from a four-parameter failure surface. The corresponding peak strain increase is computed using a newly proposed strain enhancement factor. The FRP shell behavior is modeled using a stress-strain relation for plane stress orthotropic laminated composites. The proposed model is implemented into an incremental approach for the analysis of compression tests. No iterations are needed to find the stresses corresponding to prescribed axial strains. The model is verified with correlation studies with different experimental tests on concrete-filled FRP cylinders.


The Montalvo oil field, discovered in 1947 by the Standard Oil Company of California, is located at the mouth of the Santa Clara River on the Oxnard Plain, Ventura County, California. The accumulation of oil is due to a pinch-out of lower Pliocene (Repetto) sands on the north flank of a faulted, easterly plunging anticline. The producing sands are known as the McGrath zone, which is highly lenticular and in places is divided into two parts by an intermediate shale. The proved acreage is currently limited to this McGrath zone and covers about 375 acres. In the vicinity of the Montalvo oil field, two distinct Miocene sedimentary provinces meet. The northern province, in which the field is located, contains a Miocene section, the whole of which is as yet unexplored. The southern province, which is separated from the northern by a large fault, contains a Miocene section similar to that of the Oakridge uplift and in one place has been completely penetrated by a test well. That well proves that the lower Miocene and Sespe formations contain reservoirs of value. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2379------------


This paper first presents an introduction to the structural vibration control including passive control,active control and hybrid control.It then comes up with an interpretation about the structure,property development and application of various kinds of dampers which are extensively used in the development of energy dissipation and damping control.


The aforementioned territory is investigated by excursion method. In total 41 rare alien plant species from 14 families are found in Daugavpils after collecting data from literature and inventory during 2007-2008 vegetation periodss and at spring 2009. There are conclusions made about distribution of alien species after analysis of maps of findings – alien species are distributed around railways, highways, and gardens. It is known that railways and roads are main routes where alien species enter any state or city inadvertently, while gardens and plantations near housing are main sources from which deliberately introduced alien species can spread to degraded and semi-natural habitats, afterwards – to natural habitats (for example, Asparagus officinalis). Six species sometimes emerge in flora in Daugavpils, nevertheless they are fluctuating and quickly disappear. The rare allochtone flora of Daugavpils consists from anthropophytes 4%, hemerophytes 4%, epekophytes 22%, ergasiophygophytes 19%, ephemerophytes 30%, neoindigenophytes 21%.


Objective:To evaluate the value of 3DDSA in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: Two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2DDSA) and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3DDSA) were performed and analysed in 91 patients with confirmed or suspected aneurysms. Results:Compared with the surgry and endovascular treatment, ninety-two aneurysms were found in 64 patients and nothing were found in 27 with 3DDSA. Seventy-nine aneurysms were found in 61 patients and nothing was found in 30 with 2DDSA. There was no statistically significant difference in ansurysm detection rate between 3DDSA and 2DDSA (P 0. 05). But there were one false-positive and four false-negative detection of aneurysms in 2DDSA. 2DDSA failed to dectect thirteen aneurysms (average dimatar: 1. 98 mm, incidental unruptured aneurysms: 84. 6%). For visualization of aneurysms neck and relationship to neighboring arteries, 3DDSA images were significantly superior to those of 2DDSA (P 0. 01). Conclusions: More accurate diagnosis and secure treatment of intracranial aneurysm can be reached by 3DDSA. It is siginficantly valuable in clinical practise.


Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) of the nerve, also known as lipomatosis of the nerve, neurofibrillary lipomatous lesion, or intraneural li-poma, is a rare benign soft tissue tumor which mainly occurs in the nerves of the upper limb, especially in the median nerve.In April 2021, a 30-year-old male patient was secondly admitted to our hospital and underwent his third surgery, due to the recurrence of a mass and pain in the right palm, noticeable swelling and numbness of the right index and ring fingers, and limited flexion and extension activities of the right ring finger. He first visited our hospital in December 2017 due to a mass and pain in the right palm and swelling and numbness of the right index and ring fingers. When the clinician asked for the patient medical history, his parents stated that his right middle finger was swol-len after birth. When the patient was ten years old; he was diagnosed with "mac-rodactyly" at the local county hospital, not in our hospital, and subsequently, the middle finger was amputated at the metacarpophalangeal joint level at the local county hospital. The postoperative pathological examination was not per-formed at that time, which was the first surgery the patient received.FLH is clinically rare, and its exact epidemiology and etiology are poorly understood. FLH is highly suspected in cases where a painless mass is present in the wrist, combined with macrodactyly. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination are helpful in clarifying the diagnosis. Although FLH is a benign tumor, an individual treatment plan is the best choice according to the severity of the patient's symptoms. Therefore, further exploration and understanding of this disease by clinicians radiologists, and pathologists is necessary.