Population decay (real transition) and pure dephasing (virtual transition) determine the dephasing rates of excitons in quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifiers. In previous theoretical studies, population-decay and pure dephasing are usually handled separately. In this paper, the theory of exciton dephasing in an InAs/GaAs QD semiconductor optical amplifier is presented to elucidate the combination of population decay and pure dephasing and determine the total dephasing rate. The proposed model extends the classical independent boson model to include the effects of real transition. Results show that population decay decreases the pure dephasing rate and imply that the former is directly coupled to pure dephasing despite their differences. Our theoretical results are consistent with the reported experimental phenomena.


The shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty has been gaining popularity as an alternative to conventional shoulder arthroplasty surgery due to its several advantages, such as, high bone stock preservation and ease of revision. Nonetheless, the implantation of a prosthesis affects the natural loading distribution in the bone which is likely to cause and adverse bone remodeling. The main goal of this work is to understand the influence of the characteristics of the prosthesis on the stress and strain distribution patterns in the humerus after a shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty. In order to do so, five prostheses were modeled: a standard model, currently in use, two models with a larger and a thinner stem, and two models with a longer and a smaller stem. The implantation of all these models was virtually simulated for five subjects. Finite element models were developed to analyze the loading distribution in the bone considering muscle and joint reaction forces for an abducted and flexed position of the upper limb. The different models were evaluated regarding the Von Mises stress and the strain energy density values. The results obtained are consistent with the literature, i.e., stress shielding occurs when a resurfacing arthroplasty is performed. The results indicate that a prosthesis with a thinner stem minimizes the differences in stress and strain patterns between the intact bone and the implanted bone. However, this study focused only on stress shielding and other key factors, such as the mechanical stability, must also be addressed in future studies.


Introduction: ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and, recently, its antidepressant properties has been described. Besides, its safety has been proven in the treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders. Objective: to evaluate the use of ketamine in the treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders (specially cocaine and its byproducts). Methods: patient's motivation for change was measured by URICA scale and psychiatric symptoms by EAS-40 score, both before and after the intervention. Results: it was verified, after the comparison between the Readiness Score means, an increase in the motivation for change after ketamine's single administration, when compared to the moments before and after the intervention. Analyzing the Global Severity Index before and after ketamine administration, by EAS-40 score, we noticed a slight reduction of the psychiatric symptoms before and after the intervention. Conclusion: it was proven that ketamine's single administration led to a quick and lasting improvement on the user's motivation without worsening the mental health status.


Subjective time plays an essential role in management scholarship, yet remains undefined and theoretically undeveloped. This paper advances a theory of subjective time by addressing three key quest...


A miniaturized ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass fllter (BPF) with U-slot etched around the metallic via in the ground is proposed based on a simplifled composite right/left-handed transmission line (SCRLH TL) structure. The U-slot etched in the ground makes it feasible to reduce the overall size. A demonstration of FCC standard UWB bandpass fllter (BPF) is designed, fabricated and measured. Very good agreement is shown between measurement and simulation.


An autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the NLRP3 gene which encodes cryopyrin. It is characterized by short episodes of fever, rash, and arthralgia after exposure to cold or rapid decrease in temperature.


A CMOS saturated power amplifier (PA) is developed for optimally implementing the envelope-tracking (ET) transmitter. The CMOS saturated PA is used to maximize the efficiency of the ET PA. The dynamic feedback control and the biasing techniques at the gates of the common-gate stage and the common-source of the cascode structure are proposed to improve the dynamic range, linearity and efficiency. The fully-integrated CMOS PA with a supply modulator is fabricated using a 0.18- μm RF CMOS technology. For a long-term evolution signal at 1.85 GHz with a 10-MHz bandwidth and a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation 7.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio, the ET-based CMOS PA module delivers a power-added efficiency of 37.6%, an error vector magnitude of 2.4%, and an an evolved universal terrestrial radio access adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLRE-UTRA) of -36.8 dBc at an average output power of 26.5 dBm. The proposed auxiliary circuits enable the ET-based CMOS PA to provide the significantly improved performance.


Objective To explore the locking plate for the treatment of distal radius method of C type fractures and evaluate the therapy effect. Methods From January 2008 to March 2011, 20 patients with type C distal radius fractures, of which 15 cases on the right side, left side in 5 cases, were treated with locking plate, according to the Sarmiento to assess wrist function. Results 12 cases were superior, 4 cases were good, 2 cases less good. Fine rate is 90.0%. Conclusion Locking plate for the treatment of distal radius c type fracture is a kind of effective method.


The nature, technology, human being determine the landscape morphology in the landscape design and construction process. Parametric is an emerging technical tool and thought. As a medium, it could build an overall relationship among natural site factors, functions and artificial construction, to control and visualize the process and result. Provision of adaptability to the environment is a fundamental parametric principle. With parametric thinking, final landscape morphology will reflect deeper landscape infrastructure, process and structure.


We study the {sup 1}S{sub 0} proton pairing gap in neutron star matter putting emphasis on influence of the Dirac effective mass and the proton fraction on the gap within the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model. The gap equation is solved using the Bonn-B potential as a particle-particle channel interaction. It is found that the maximal pairing gap {delta}{sub max} is 1-2 MeV, which has a strong correlation with the Dirac effective mass. Hence we suggest that it serves as a guide to narrow down parameter sets of the relativistic effective field theory. Furthermore, the more slowly protons increase with density in the core region of neutron stars, the wider the superfluid range and the slightly lower the peak of the gap become.


Different musicians have quite different styles, which has influenced by their different historical backgrounds, personalities, and experiences. In this paper, we propose an approach to extract melody based features from sheet music, as well as an unsupervised clustering method for discovering music styles. Since that existing corpus is not sufficient for this research in terms of completeness or data format, a new corpus of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven in MusicXML format is created for research. By applying this approach, similar and different styles are discovered. The analysis results conform to the Implication-Realization model, one of the most significant modern theories of melodic expectation, which confirms the validity of our approach.


Abstract The large-scale spatial distribution and temporal variability of cloud liquid water path (LWP) over the world's oceans and the relationship of cloud LWP to temperature and the radiation budget are investigated using recent satellite measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager(SSM/1),the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). Observations of cloud liquid water on a 2.5° × 2.5° grid are used over a 53-month period beginning July 1987 and ending in December 1991. The highest values of cloud liquid water (greater than 0.13 kg m−2) occur largely along principal routes of northern midlatitude storm and in area dominated by tropical convection. The zonally averaged structure is distinctly trimodal, where maxima appear in the midlatitudes and near the equator. The avenge marine cloud LWP over the globe is estimated to he about 0.113 kg m−2. Its highest seasonal variability is typically between 15% and 25% of the annual mean b...


Abstract : To meet the possible increase in future demand for armor materials, an increase in the throughput during manufacturing is necessary. One possibility is the use of the slip casting and sintering technique to form ceramic armor compacts as an alternative to current hot pressing techniques. Dynamic uniaxial compression tests with the Kolsky bar were conducted on two types of slip cast boron carbide, and compared with results from the standard hot pressed boron carbide. One type was slip cast, sintered, and hot isostatically pressed, while the other was only slip cast and sintered. Microstructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy showed graphite inclusions and more annealing twins than in the hot pressed boron carbide material. Examination of fragments recovered from the compression tests determined that the fracture mode of both slip cast materials was brittle transgranular cleavage. The compression test results show comparable compressive strengths between the sip cast and hot pressed boron carbide despite higher density of graphite in the slip cast material.


In the concept of "sea-mainland integration",Ever since it was ushered in the 1990s,has become one of the prevalent topics among the academic circle in their researches on the scientific development.This paper starts from a further definition of the concept,and goes on explaining its reasonableness and justification in the greater perspective of basic economic theories by identifying in details its significance in the complementary mainland-sea integration,remoulding of industrial chains,transaction cost efficiency and eliminating the externalities.In addition,the paper introduces five areas to realize the intrinsic economic needs by means of better planning and administration,namely industry development in areas proximate to the sea,integrated development of port and its hinterland,interconnection of mainland and marine transportation routes,building of trans-sea bridges and sea tunnels,as well as integrated treatment of environment pollutions both on the mainland and the sea.Last but not the least,the paper briefly describes the conditions to promote sea-mainland integration.


We report measurements of H I content in 11 nearby, actively star-forming, blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) from 21 cm observations with the Arecibo telescope. These BCDs, selected by their red (W2[4.6 $\mu$m]$-$W3[12 $\mu$m]$>$3.8 mag) and bright mid-infrared (MIR) emission (W4[22 $\mu$m]$<$ 7.6 mag), have high specific star formation rates (median sSFR $\sim$10$^{-7.8}$ yr$^{-1}$), similar to high redshift galaxies. H I emission was detected in six sources. We analyze our new detections in the context of previous H I observations of 218 dwarf irregulars (dIs) and BCDs in the literature. The $M_{\rm HI}$-$M_{\ast}$ relation resulting from our observations confirms the dominating fraction of H I gas among baryons in galaxies with lower stellar masses. This Arecibo BCD sample has significantly lower median H I depletion timescales ($\tau_{\rm HI}\sim$ 0.3 Gyr) than other dIs/BCDs ($\sim$ 6.3 Gyr) in the literature. The majority of the sources (10/11) in the Arecibo sample are very red in W1[3.4 $\mu$m]$-$W2[4.6 $\mu$m] colour ($>$ 0.8 mag) implying the presence of warm dust. We investigate the relation of $\tau_{\rm HI}$ with stellar mass ($M_{\ast}$) and sSFR. We find that $\tau_{\rm HI}$ is significantly anti-correlated with $M_{\ast}$ for higher sSFR ($>$10$^{-8.5}$ yr$^{-1}$) and with sSFR for higher stellar mass ($>10^{7.5}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$) dwarf galaxies. The high sSFR for the BCDs in the Arecibo observed sample is mainly due to their high atomic gas star formation efficiency (SFE) or low $\tau_{\rm HI}$. The low $\tau_{\rm HI}$ or high SFE in these sources is possibly due to runaway star formation in compact and dense super star clusters.


The Brazilian semi-arid region has 928 km2 ranging from the northern portion of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo States, the semi-arid lands of Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara, and Piaui States, and 45 counties from southeastern Maranhao State. Population is mainly concentrated in rural areas and the major occupation is agriculture and livestock production. Dairy production is one of the few options in these areas, mainly in northeast Brazil, where the feeding systems are based on cultivated forage crops and use of native vegetation, predominately the "Caatinga". These aspects give seasonal characteristics for the production on this region. Inadequate amount and distribution of rainfall in this region presenting strong spatial and seasonal variability and prolonged dry periods practically determines the need for supplementation feeding for dairy cows for production systems located in the semi-arid region. Thus, supplementation has been based on the use of forage resources adapted to the drought, by-products, residues from local agro-industry, and on concentrate feeding. Farmers are also using different options trying to reduce costs without losing productivity during the dry periods. Production systems such as "CBL" (Caatinga-Buffel Grass-Leucaena) and "Gloria System" have been proposed aiming to alleviate the adversities. In addition to these systems, the utilization of agro industrial by-products, crop residues, and native forage resources are important options. In this aspect, the forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) deserves special attention for its great adaptation, nutritive value, and productivity in the region.


The principle of multi-point forming(MPF)technique has been presented.Impressed mark,one of the most important defects during the process of square cup has been discussed by means of numerical simulation on the as-pects of drawing shape,thickness,and material of sheet met-al.Based on the simulation results,the reasons and control methods of impressed mark have been pointed out with ex-periment on the multi-point die forming of square cup by the MPF machine,to validate the efficiency of the numerical sim-ulation.


This article starts with a study of the concept of legal culture,analyzing the content of inter-regional communication of legal culture in China since the Reform and Opening Up.After praising the good results,it points out the key problems in the communication,and suggests that there are still some shortcomings,such as too many emphases on several topics,insufficient communication of practial experience,and more and more similarities among regions.At last,it suggests that we should increase communication regarding basic theory and practical experience,and broaden the content and scope of participants to communication.


The spread of Internet technology tends to be slow especially among elderly people in many European countries. This situation appears even more critical if the demographic trends are considered in a context where the aging phenomenon will represent a significant challenge in the next future. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between age and Internet diffusion dynamics in Piedmont Region (Italy), mainly focusing on how people perceive the technological attributes and features of Internet technology. To achieve this objective a specific survey has been undertaken among Piedmont citizens. The questionnaire's responses show a low propensity exhibited by old age people towards the adoption of Internet. In particular, it emerges that the subjective perceptions of technological attributes and features of Internet that significantly differ between users and not-users may exert a great influence on its diffusion dynamics.


Kaj Wilsky, Ssren Hindsholm and Knud Erik Alsbirk: Invitro test of a bifocal diffractive lens. Abstract: An optical test bench for the study of the lightfocussing properties of a bifocal IOC has been constructed. Light intensity along the optical axis was measured with the lens immersed in water to imitate conditions in the eye. Measurements were performed by using lasers at 3 different wavelengths: blue (442 nm), green (541 nm) and red (633 nm). For a 21 D lens with an added power of 3.5D the measured diffractive power fits the linear expression P (A) = 3.5D (h (nm)/550). For the 21D refractive power the focussed light intensity increases linearly from 30% to 70% as the wavelength changes form blue to red; for the added diffractive power the intensity decreases from 70% to 30% in the same range. The measurement confirm calculations which approximate the IOL with a blazed diffraction grating.


Background and Aims: To obtain herd immunity and control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, a large proportion of the population must be vaccinated. However, not everyone in Libya believes in the necessity or safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, understanding the reasons and variables impacting vaccine hesitation in the Libyan population will assist in developing strategies to reduce this hesitation and achieve better vaccination levels in the country. This study aimed to investigate the acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and denial in the Libyan population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a snowball sampling strategy to collect data was conducted between February and May 2022. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Study questionnaires were distributed using social media. Results: The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 39.7%, vaccine hesitancy was 36.6%, and vaccine refusal was 23.6% among the study participants. The highest refusal rate was among participants aged 12–24 years, 49 out of 91 (53.8%). Vaccine refusal was similar in males and females; however, vaccine acceptance was higher among females than males. Vaccine acceptance was higher in people with a higher graduate degree than those less educated (P = 0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that vaccine hesitancy was 36.6% and vaccine refusal was 23.6% among the study participants. The study identified reasons for vaccine hesitancy and refusal and proposed education programs to address misbeliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine, allowing people to make informed decisions.


A group is called Λ-free if it has a free Lyndon length function in an ordered abelian group Λ, which is equivalent to having a free isometric action on a Λ-tree. A group has a regular free length function in Λ if and only if it has a free isometric action on a Λ-tree so that all branch points belong to the orbit of the base point. In this paper we prove that every finitely presented Λ-free group G can be embedded into a finitely presented group with a regular free length function in Λ so that the length function on G is preserved by the embedding. Next, we prove that every finitely presented group G̃ with a regular free Lyndon length function in Λ has a regular free Lyndon length function in Rn ordered lexicographically for an appropriate n and can be obtained from a free group by a series of finitely many HNN-extensions in which associated subgroups are maximal abelian and length isomorphic.


This article analyzes the main dimensions of the relations between public and private fields. It has a theoretical point of view supported on political sociology and the managerial context in such relations. The author describes the main challenges faced by the materialization of public interest, starting from interest games coming from civil societies, the administrative bureaucratic practices of contemporary states, and finally from policies of transnationalization phenomena which dominates the present times. The text ends by characterizing some main features when implementing politics concerning public field, starting from the alreatfy mentioned personal groups of interest, privatizing trends and the inherent difficulties of governmental actions.


Nanosecond, high-intensity electric pulses have been reported to open rectifying pores in biological cell membranes. The present goal is to qualitatively understand and analyze the experimental current-voltage (I-V) data. Here, nanopore transport is probed using a numerical method and on the basis of an analytical model. Our results show that geometric asymmetry in the nanopore would not yield asymmetry in the I-V characteristics. However, positive surface charge lining the pore could produce characteristics that compare well with data from patch-clamp measurements, and a value of ∼0.02 C/m2 is predicted from the numerical calculations.


With the aim of elucidating the reasons for the change in the electrical properties of bismuth-vanadium oxide glasses under the action of heat treatment, this paper discusses some data on the effect of heating on the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and integrated intensity of the ESR signal for glasses of the composition 78.33V/sub 2/O/sub 5/-5.74Bi /SUB 2O/ <3-15.88CaO (mole %). The heat treatment includes heating the specimens of untreated glass in air for 15 minutes at various temperatures. The ESP was measured using a standard RE-1306 radiospectrometer. It is shown from the experimental ESR data that after heat treatment the concentration of V/sup 4 +/ ions increases in the experimental glass. It is proposed that the increase in the electrical conductivity of the Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/-V/sub 2/O/sub 5/-CaO system after heat treatment is explained by the increase in the concentration and size of the CaV/sub 12/O/sub 30/ crystallites. The latter is confirmed by an increase in the integrated intensities of the ESR signal after the glass has been heated.


The establishment of higher commercial colleges, the Handelshochschulen, in Germany in late nineteenth and early twentieth century provided the institutional base for the development of commerce studies into a 'science of busines economics' or the Betriebswirtschaftslehre, which has then had a considerable international impact. This essay examines the course and the outcomes of the creation and the establishment of this discipline in Germany and its diffusion to two important countries, Denmark and Turkey. The study shows that the processes through which the discipline became institutionalised in the three countries turned out to be different, as did the way in which it came to be defined and understood circa 1945. Drawing upon neo-institutionalist thinking in organisational analysis, the comparative examination suggests that these variant paths and outcomes emerged as the promoters of the discipline compromised with and attempted to capitalise on local conditions and interests framed within the academic, economic and political contexts in the three countries.


The idea of outsourcing is to achieve the optimal performance within a company and a supply chain. Outsourcing decisions, therefore, require life cycle analysis of anticipated changes concerning all relevant costs, including indirect ones, to avoid undesired surprises. Life cycle costing (LCC) is an approach which aims at producing comprehensive cost information for decision makers by estimating the costs incurring in the future and by monitoring the costs during the life cycle. In the context of outsourcing, LCC can provide useful information for both customers and suppliers. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possibilities of life cycle costing in outsourcing decision making and companies' ability to accomplish comprehensive cost assessments on the basis of empirical evidence about the present practices of life cycle costing. The study indicates that decisions are rarely made within a long-term perspective and cost consciousness in companies is often quite poor. Because the field of life cycle costing is problematic for many reasons, its use has been limited on the practical level. However, LCC has good alignment with outsourcing objectives and it is a potential tool for outsourcing decision making.


Snorkeling, the activity of swimming while using a mask and a snorkel, is a popular recreational activity in shallow water of coastal ecosystems. Because snorkeling is commonly assumed to cause comparatively fewer potential impacts to the marine biota than scuba diving, management is generally focused on the latter. We investigated the behavior of snorkelers aiming to quantify their interactions with benthic reef sessile organisms and sea turtles. We also compared the behavior of snorkelers with scuba divers to assess which group of divers is more damaging to the reef biota. Finally, we compared the use of conventional and non-conventional sampling approaches through analysis of social media images to evaluate the reliability of different approaches to investigate the behavior of underwater recreationists. Snorkelers were discreetly observed during five minutes, their interactions with benthic organisms were recorded and compared with scuba diver's behavior in the same destination. Snorkelers observations were carried out with and without the presence of sea turtles and compared with videos from social media. Videos were extracted from YouTube through a search using keywords and analyzed to quantify the number of interactions of divers with the benthic organisms. Snorkelers caused 33% more contacts and 70% more damage to benthic reef organisms than scuba divers. Most interactions were over the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum, which received ~80% of contacts and ~30% of damage. The contact rate of snorkelers with benthic organisms increased 5.5-fold when they interacted with sea turtles. Snorkelers sampled through direct observation accounted for more contacts with benthic reef organisms than those observed in social media videos, whereas higher rates of behavioral disturbance to sea turtles were observed in snorkelers sampled in social media videos. As the videos from social media focused on sea turtle watching, they overestimated the amount of snorkelers-sea turtles' interactions but underestimated the amount of contacts with benthic organisms. Our results revealed that snorkeling in shallow waters < 2 m deep may represent a considerable amount of impacts to reef benthic sessile organisms and such impacts significantly increase during sea turtle watching.


In this chapter, the implementation of a "Virtual Instrument" developed in MATLAB/ Simulink® that allows the analysis of the measurement of mechanical vibrations in rotating machines is presented. To accomplish this, we identified the main rotating machines used in industry, the parameters that can be relevant when an analysis of vibration is made, the typical vibration frequency spectra of certain electrical and mechanical failures, the most common regulations employed by the industry with respect to vibration levels in rotating machinery, the tools that are used for vibration analysis, and tools for develop‐ ing MATLAB software that includes features for storing and managing data from a database, also allowing an analysis and diagnosis of vibration in rotating machines. The development cost for this virtual instrument is very low compared with the tens of thousands of dollars of their equivalents now available in the market.


This study was designed to investigate the comparative ego development, religious orientation, and doctrinal beliefs of three Protestant groups: life-long fundamentalists (n=25), fundamentalist converts (n=25), and nonfundamentalist converts (n=25). Subjects from the Southern Baptist Church (fundamentalists) and United Methodist Church (nonfundamentalists) were used. Three instruments were employed: the Wiggins Content Scale of Religious Fundamentalism from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Loevinger's Washington University Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development, and Allport's Religious Orientation Scale. The fundamentalist and nonfundamentalist groups were doctrinally different; however, the groups did not differ in levels of ego development. The two fundamentalist groups scored higher on Allport's measure of intrinsic religious orientation. Methodological suggestions were made for future research of fundamentalists.


INTRODUCTION:
Psychiatric disorders are a product of multiple biological and
Environmental factors, resulting in a heterogenous presentation. Though
The knowledge about bipolar disorder dates back to ancient times, there is
Much to be explored about the nature and etiology of the illness. Bipolar
Disorder is one of the most disabling illnesses in psychiatric classification,
Which has a cyclical course. Studies have demonstrated the substantial
Heritability of the illness in twin studies and 10-20 fold increase in risk of
Bipolar disorder in first-degree relatives of bipolar probands when
Compared to general population.
There is functional impairment even in patients who are in
Remission. There is a need to conduct more research into the biological
Etiology specific to bipolar disorder. Genetics in psychiatry, its prime goal
Is to find how genes influence psychiatric illnesses, the pathway from
Genotype to phenotype. The familial nature of major psychiatric illnesses is
Shown by family, twin and adoption studies. Identifying genes relied upon
Linkage analysis or candidate gene-based association analysis. Although
BPD has been shown to be highly heritable, the search for its genetic loci
Has been impeded by its complexity. The term 'genetics' was given by
William Bateson in the year 1902. In 1909, Danish botanist Wilhelm
Johanssen gave the concepts, 'genotype' and 'phenotype' and introduced
The term 'gene'. Genotype, which is the genetic constitution, can be
Measured by molecular biology techniques like, polymerase chain reaction
And DNA sequencing. Phenotype is the visible characteristics of an
Organism, which is the product of genotype and the environmental
Influences. Other factors influencing the expression of phenotypes include
Epigenetic. With the introduction of genome wide association studies
(GWAS), there has been a great impact in genetic studies. The aim of
GWAS is to capture all common genetic variations across the genome and
To relate this variation to disease risk. It surveys the whole genome with up
To one million or more genetic markers.
The first step is to identify validated susceptible variants and the
Second step is to define the functional effects of these variants. Delineating
The effects of risk genes on specific domains of brain function can provide
Insight into the mechanisms by which, these genes produce the illness.
Despite all advances in genetic studies, psychiatry had only little
Success in definitely identifying culprit genes or gene regions. Looking for
The reason of this is the inherent complexity of psychiatric disorders.
"The brain is the most complex of all organs"
To fill this gap between the genotype and phenotype, the concept of
'endophenotype' was adopted.
The importance of research in endophenotypes is of many fold, such
That it paves the way for improved understanding of the neurobiology and
Genetics of psychopathology, establishing biological underpinnings for
Diagnosis and classification,. Cognitive impairment and affective
Temperament are established endophenotypic markers of bipolar disorder.
Assessing the level of impairment in them may help to ascertain whether
Cognitive impairment and affective temperament could be considered as
Endophenotypes of BPD. Neurocognitive impairment and dominance of
Certain affective temperament are proven in bipolar disorder patients
During illness phase, in their euthymic phase and in their first-degree
Relatives. There are only fewer studies in Indian setup in establishing the
Neurocognitive dysfunction and affective temperament as the
Endophenotypes of bipolar disorder, especially in relatives of bipolar
Disorder probands. So my study aims at assessing the neurocognitive
Impairment and the specific temperament in the first-degree relatives of
Bipolar probands when compared to normal unrelated controls and to study
If there is any association between the cognitive impairment and affective
Temperament in the relative group, and between cognitive impairment,
Affective temperament of relative group and the illness characters of
Bipolar probands.


— A solid solution Ce (2-x) Sm x (WO 4 ) 3 with x≤0.3 was synthesized via a coprecipitation route followed by thermal treatment at 1000 °C. The polycrystalline compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence experiments. Using Rietveld procedure, the decrease of cell parameters showed that a solid solution was obtained. A comparative analysis of diffraction profiles allowed determining structural distortions increasing with composition x. Photoluminescence (PL) experiments were performed under UV and X-ray excitations. The variations with composition x of PL emission intensities, corresponding to complex charge transfers and quenching effects, were interpreted in terms of transitions proper to Ce 3+ and Sm 3+ cations, accompanied by additional transitions probably due to oxygen vacancies and other point defects generated by substitution and synthesis conditions. The CIE chromaticity diagrams showed variable colors located in the orange-red range.


Urban residential areas are categorized as slums in Indonesia continues to increase by leaps and bounds every year, especially in the city of Medan. Therefore, to overcome the housing and slum settlements in the city of Medan, especially Hamdan's Village on the Deli's Riverside, need a concept of structuring and revitalizing the better to get an increase in environmental quality and reinforce the spatial structure of urban space as well as provide solutions to the limited land settlement in the city of Medan. Background of people's income in areas where the majority of Kampung Hamdan was a low-income communities is one reason why the design of flats to be built has two functions, they are the function of residential and commercial functions. With this fact the socio-economic themes into the theme of this group in order to be built residential Universitas Sumatera Utara


Shared Virtual Memory (SVM) is a proven approach to simplify the programming of heterogeneous computing systems. It enables a single virtual address space across all computing devices, even for systems having Non-Uniform Memory Accesses (NUMA) across devices. Access time spikes due to NUMA can be reduced, though, by performing physical page migrations in SVM. These migrations ensure high data locality by moving the underlying memory pages close to the computing device currently working on the contained data, and allow the devices to fault-in pages from remote to local memories autonomously. The main contribution of this work is the implementation of an open-source framework enabling scalable SVM for multi-FPGA architectures, and providing efficient device-to-device page migrations. We compare the runtime of on-demand and user-managed migrations, and examine three different communication mechanisms for the actual board-to-board data transfers. Our framework supports both low-latency and high-throughput operations, requiring, e.g., only 11.6 μs to migrate a single 4 kB page between physical memories on different boards, and 760 μs to migrate an entire 4 MB range of memory.


The multiple‐effect principle can be used to reduce thermal energy requirements in thermal processes. According to this principle the energy is used several times over, according to the number of effects. Another possibility consists in increasing the pressure of the heat emitted by the process in the form of vapours to such a level so as to reuse it in the process. Jet pumps or mechanical recompressors, which are frequently operated in the rough vacuum range, are used for this purpose. This principle is explained in examples of thermal separation technology.


The Modified Virtual Crack Closure Integral (MVCCI) method has beenproved to be a highly effective numerical procedure for the analysis of various crackproblems in linear elasticity. In the present paper it will be shown that the MVCCImethod in conjunction with multiple mesh analysis can also readily be utilised for thenumerical prediction of curved fatigue crack growth under proportional loading condi-tions. Further it will be shown that the common computer-aided two-dimensional crackpath prediction can be considerably improved in accuracy by using a predictor-correctorprocedure. In combination with the MVCCI method, this results in a step-by-step para-bolic approximation of the simulated crack path. By this method both the new locus of thecrack tip and the slope of the crack path at this point can be computed simultaneously bythe SIFs by only one virtual tangential crack extension with respect to the previous step.In order to evaluate the validity and efficiency of the proposed higher order crack pathsimulation method in relation to the well-established basic strategies, experiments ofcurved fatigue crack growth in the neighbourhood of a circular hole are carried out withtwo specially designed specimens under proportional lateral force bending. In all casesconsidered, the computationally predicted crack trajectories show an excellent agree-ment with the different types of curved cracks that are obtained in the experiments as afunction of the position of crack initiation.


Today, students are expected to use internet communication technology tools, such as email, discussion groups, and the Internet, in their tertiary studies. This study examined how individual differences in personality, self-efficacy, computer attitudes, and computer anxiety are related to use of the various electronic communication tools. A total of 287 first-year psychology students participated in the survey. The survey included self-report measures of personality, computer anxiety, computer attitudes, and Internet self-efficacy, and the degree to which students use computers and the internet for learning. This paper will report the correlations among the key individual differences variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that Emotional Stability positively predicted computer attitudes and negatively predicted computer anxiety. Intellect was shown to negatively predict computer anxiety. A key finding of this study was that age negatively predicted use of internet communication tools for learning. Another finding of interest was that Internet self-efficacy positively predicted use of email, discussion groups, and the Internet in the learning environment. The implications of these findings are discussed.


The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to Electromagnetic Theory. The foundations of electrodynamics starting from the nature of electrical force up to the level of Maxwell equations solutions are presented. It starts with the introduction of the concept of a field, which plays a very important role in the understanding of electricity and magnetism. In addition, moving electric charge is discussed as a topic of special importance in accelerator physics.


Fractal with microscopic anisotropy shows a unique type of macroscopic isotropy restoration phenomenon that is absent in Euclidean space [M. T. Barlow et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3042]. In this paper the isotropy restoration feature is considered for a family of two-dimensional Sierpinski gasket type fractal resistor networks. A parameter xi is introduced to describe this phenomenon. Our numerical results show that xi satisfies the scaling law xi similar to l(-alpha), where l is the system size and alpha is an exponent independent of the degree of microscopic anisotropy, characterizing the isotropy restoration feature of the fractal systems. By changing the underlying fractal structure towards the Euclidean triangular lattice through increasing the side length b of the gasket generators, the fractal-to-Euclidean crossover behavior of the isotropy restoration feature is discussed.


Modern tourism market system is such a problem that attracts more and more scholars' attention. It refers to the organic unity formed by the relationship between various tourism markets and their internal markets and the relationship between various elements in tourism market. This paper says it is better to build a complete modern tourism market system which is composed by organization structure system, operating mechanism system and control system in Heilongjiang province on the basis of investigating and analyzing current tourism market system


This manual is designed to help train substance abuse treatment counsellors to conduct a brief five-session treatment intervention for adolescents with cannabis use disorders presenting for outpatient treatment.

The treatment programme comprises:
•Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) two sessions one to one
•Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) three sessions in a group format

The intervention can be carried out by drug workers with some additional competences in the above approaches and group work.

The manual contains guidance on session content and useful handouts and other resources. For other reports in the series, click on related publication links below.


Glucocorticoid‐induced vasoconstrktion of human skin has provided a useful guide to topical anti‐inflammatory activity. The concentration and base in which a steroid is used influence this activity, and traditional greasy ointments are probably the most effective vehicles. Confirmation of clinical effectiveness should be by double‐blind comparison in patients with bilateral skin lesions. Psoriasis provides a more discriminating test of steroidal activity than eczema; the use of occlusive dressings may mask differences between compounds. Short‐term trials are informative but in patients with chronic disease, longer studies should also be done.


In this study, the effect of low-temperature air plasma, biopolymer chito- san and hydrogen peroxide treatment of recycled wool-based non-woven material on metal cation uptake was investigated. Recycled wool-based material either as an untreated or modified material showed ability to bind all investigated metal cations in the following order: Pb 2+ >Cu 2+ >Zn 2+ >Co 2+ . Material performed good selectiv- ity due to distinct sorption rates of studied metal cations.


This research was concerned with naive ecology: ordinary people's understanding of causal processes in nature. Three experiments were performed to investigate the dissipation effect, defined by White (1997) as a tendency to judge that effects of a perturbation at a particular locus in an ecosystem or food web dissipate as they spread out from that locus. The experiments found further evidence for the generality of the effect, ruled out confidence in judgment as a possible explanation, and suggested that the dissipation effect may be a general feature of causal reasoning about complex physical systems. There is a danger that the dissipation effect may underlie unintentional maltreatment of the environment, and there is a need for more research on this.


Inbreeding load affects not only the average fecundity of philopatric individuals but also its variance. From bet‐hedging theory, this should add further dispersal pressures to those stemming from the mere avoidance of inbreeding. Pressures on both sexes are identical under monogamy or promiscuity. Under polygyny, by contrast, the variance in reproductive output decreases with dispersal rate in females but increases in males, which should induce a female‐biased dispersal. To test this prediction, we performed individual‐based simulations. From our results, a female‐biased dispersal indeed emerges as both polygyny and inbreeding load increase. We conclude that sex‐biased dispersal may be selected for as a bet‐hedging strategy.


Pedestrians are at extremely high risk of death on roads. Intersections, where the paths of people and vehicles come together, can be the most dangerous places for pedestrians. The rural roads in low- and middle-income countries have their unique safety issues, which further endanger pedestrians. This paper focuses on pedestrian safety at intersections on low volume rural roads (rural LVRs). Twenty-eight fatal pedestrian crashes at intersections were collected and analyzed from eight rural LVRs in three provinces in southwest China. First, descriptive statistics were developed to identify any areas of commonality among the crashes. Then the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM 3.0) was applied to identify details on crash-contributing factors for each driver in each case, resulting in one causation chart per involved driver. Next, the individual charts for each crash type were aggregated based on vehicle trajectory and type, resulting in one causation chart, visualizing the frequency of contributing factors and causation links between factors, per each crash type. Through analysis of crash characteristics and causal patterns, it was found that 1) limited intersection safety design and facilities, 2) inadequate driver training and 3) inadequate pedestrian safety education are the main issues of pedestrian safety at rural intersections. Finally, given the limited resources in rural areas, it was determined that the potential engineering countermeasures should focus on 1) increasing the predictability of pedestrian actions and movement and 2) improving the behaviors of pedestrians and drivers. While the study focuses only on China, it is expected that the results are extensible to other low- and middle-income states and regions.


Inverters in VSDs represent a common source of EMI. The steep voltage slopes of modern power electronics with their high frequency share can cause radiated emissions. Therefore, shielded motor cables are used to minimize these emissions. However, in order to reduce costs, unshielded cables are an attractive option. This paper analyses an inverter setup with different motor cables. A measurement setup is presented in order to investigate the proper PE connection for complying with the standards.


Glutathione (GSH) plays fundamental roles in cellular redox buffering and is a common detoxification pathway for excretion of xenobiotics. This is especially crucial during vertebrate embryogenesis, when an organism is at one of its most vulnerable life stages. Importantly, GSH content and redox potential can dictate cell fate decisions, which can have profound consequences if altered by early life xenobiotic exposures. Owing to technical limitations, the best available method to detect and quantify changes in GSH has been high‐pressure liquid chromatography, a terminal method that prevents suborganism‐level resolution of these changes in developing embryos. Here, we describe a protocol that leverages the transparent nature of zebrafish embryos and the compatibility of monochlorobimane with the zebrafish GSH‐S‐transferase enzymes, to allow for the visualization of changes in GSH via S‐glutathionylation in a live, developing embryo. This method can find broad application in developmental biology and toxicology. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been shown to hold prognostic value in a variety of settings, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the temporal dynamics of miRNA expression profiles as it relates to AML initiation and progression is poorly understood. Using serial samples from a mouse model of AML, we show that the miRNA transcriptome undergoes state-transition during AML initiation and progression. The AML state-transition was visualized and modeled by constructing an AML state-space from singular value decomposition of the time-series miRNA sequencing data. Within the AML state-space, we identified critical points of AML development characterized by unique differentially expressed miRNAs compared to healthy controls at critical points of leukemogenesis (early, transition, and late). Interestingly, we observed that changes in miRNA expression during leukemogenesis followed two patterns: 1) a monotonic pattern with continuously increasing or decreasing expression; and 2) a non-monotonic pattern with a local maximum or minimum at the transition critical point which was the "point of no-return" from health to AML. We validated the AML state-space and dynamics in an independent cohort of mice and demonstrated the state-transition model accurately predicted time to AML. Of note, we show that the miRNA-derived state-transition model produced a state-space and critical points that were strikingly similar, but not identical to that produced by the coding (i.e., messenger [m]RNA-based) transcriptome. This indicates that while both miRNA and mRNA expression may provide similar information, they also capture independent features of AML state-transition. Significance We show that the microRNA transcriptome undergoes a global state transition during the initiation and progression of acute myeloid leukemia, and accurately predicts time to disease development.


The invention relates to a method for assisting a driver of a motor vehicle (5), wherein the environment side while driving in addition to the motor vehicle (5) to a parking space (3, 11) to be detected. Upon detection of the parking space (3, 11) is determined a trajectory (23) along which the motor vehicle (5) in the parking space (3, 11) is able to park. During parking, the environment of the motor vehicle (5) is monitored. Upon detection of a given situation, the parking space issue for a predetermined distance is suppressed, the parking operation aborted or a warning is issued to the driver. The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.


Proximity to information resources has repeatedly been shown to affect urban development. However, individuals' increased abilities to access information content electronically may have dampened urban areas' comparative advantage of proximity-driven knowledge flows. We investigate the effects of increased high-speed Internet access on the role of information proximity by modeling changes in the demands for locally-based information resources, exploiting variation in the use of US public libraries—the most common low-cost providers of locally accessible information content. Data describing a nearly comprehensive set of US public libraries during 2000–2008 provide empirical evidence of complementary growth in Internet access and the use of public library resources, suggesting that Internet access increases the value of locally accessible information content and overall information demand. Moreover, the complementarity is found to be largest in metropolitan areas, indicating that improved Internet access in locations with greatest proximity and information spillover effects are likely to experience more substantial economic impacts.


We study the dielectric properties (dielectric constant, loss and leakage current) of SiOC:H (silicon oxycarbide) thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from trimethylsilane (Dow Corning Z3MS gas precursor). The complex permittivity is studied from 0.01 Hz to I MHz as a function of temperature (room temperature to 115°C). The conductivity is studied as a function of the electric field, temperature, and time (current transients following application of bias). The films possess a low dielectric constant (around 2.8), which slightly decreases (from 2.88 to 2.82) when the frequency increases from 0.01 Hz to I MHz. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant follows a Debye law (variation with 1/T, Nμ 2 = 4 × 10 -32 C 2 m -1 , e x = 2.46). Electronic, ionic, and dipolar polarizations contribute 0.93, 0.53, and 0.37 to the dielectric constant, respectively. The loss factor (e) is around 0.006 (dissipation factor tan δ = 0.002). Application of a voltage step leads to current decays which persist up to at least 10 3 s. The current density is very low in these films (a few 10 -11 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm). Leakage currents are thermally activated (activation energy of 0.35 eV).


Objective To determine the predictors of periprocedural blood transfusion and the association of transfusion on outcomes in high risk patients undergoing endoluminal percutaneous vascular interventions (PVI) for peripheral arterial disease. Methods/Results Between 2010–2014 at 47 hospitals participating in a statewide quality registry, 4.2% (n = 985) of 23,273 patients received a periprocedural blood transfusion. Transfusion rates varied from 0 to 15% amongst the hospitals in the registry. Using multiple logistic regression, factors associated with increased transfusion included female gender (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6–2.1), low creatinine clearance (1.3; 1.1–1.6), pre-procedural anemia (4.7; 3.9–5.7), family history of CAD (1.2; 1.1–1.5), CHF (1.4; 1.2–1.6), COPD (1.2; 1.1–1.4), CVD or TIA (1.2; 1.1–1.4), renal failure CRD (1.5; 1.2–1.9), pre-procedural heparin use (1.8; 1.4–2.3), warfarin use (1.2; 1.0–1.5), critical limb ischemia (1.7; 1.5–2.1), aorta-iliac procedure (1.9; 1.5–2.5), below knee procedure (1.3; 1.1–1.5), urgent procedure (1.7; 1.3–2.2), and emergent procedure (8.3; 5.6–12.4). Using inverse weighted propensity matching to adjust for confounders, transfusion was a significant risk factor for death (15.4; 7.5–31), MI (67; 29–150), TIA/stroke (24; 8–73) and ARF (19; 6.2–57). A focused QI program was associated with a 28% decrease in administration of blood transfusion (p = 0.001) over 4 years. Conclusion In a large statewide PVI registry, post procedure transfusion was highly correlated with a specific set of clinical risk factors, and with in-hospital major morbidity and mortality. However, using a focused QI program, a significant reduction in transfusion is possible.


The genre characteristics of RPG (role-playing game), which have high expectations for high sales and continuous profit generation, have created a phenomenon that has attracted many developers to become interested in the RPG market. However, recently, RPG development has been mass-produced that includes similar content, sensational advertisements, low quality, and excessive billing induction, which have negatively affected the game market and users' gameplay experiences. In this regard, we conduct a big data analysis on the users' reviews to find out what will be needed to have a positive gaming experience for mobile RPGs. User reviews are collected in the Google Play Store and analyzed to find ways to improve mobile RPG gameplay. In order to extract meaningful information from the collected big data, we use text mining techniques of topic modeling with an LDA algorithm to visualize the data. We propose a text mining approach as a practical method for better design of mobile RPGs since it analyze users' reviews and objectively grasps their opinions based on their gameplay. The results can be used to develop the mobile RPGs that can be played continuously by.


Abstract 1258 We previously reported that telomere shortening in a late generation telomerase K/O mouse model results in significantly reduced RBC and erythroblast (CD71+Ter119+) numbers in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively. We also observed significant decreases in erythroid progenitor (Lin-cKit+Sca1-CD34-CD16/CD32-) and HSC (Lin-cKit+Sca1+ CD34-CD150+) numbers in G5 Tert−/− mice. We now report the mechanism underlying the specific defect in the erythroid lineage in these mice. First, there is a higher number of CD34-KLS CD150lo and CD150neg cells in the mutant mice relative to age matched G0 +/− mice. Methyl cellulose colony formation assay showed that CD34-KLS CD150hi cells give rise to a greater number of CFU-GEMM colonies while CD34-KLS CD150lo and CD34-KLS CD150neg cells both had a reduction in the numbers of GEMM colonies, suggesting that the loss of erythroid differentiation is associated with loss of CD150hi expression within the CD34-KLS population. Thus, a significant reduction in CD150hi HSC (p value Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The pursuit of environmental sustainability has been affected by two significant developments in the last years. On the one hand, the Anthropocene hypothesis suggests that the human impact on the environment has increased to such a degree, that natural systems are now disrupted at a planetary level. The most dangerous manifestation of the Anthropocene is climate change, where there is need for greater urgency in the face of insufficient climate action. There are a number of scientists who currently warn of the possibility that failing to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may render the Earth uninhabitable in the first place. A first goal of this paper is thus to ponder how the sustainability paradigm may be affected in the face of this threat and whether, in fact, sustainability may be displaced by "habitability". On the other hand, some climate policies are eliciting the reaction of a populist movement—from Trumpism to the gilets jaunes in France—that opposes the rise of environmentally-related taxes and denies climate change or questions the severity of its effects. Both as a concept and as a policy goal, sustainability thus finds itself under double pressure: as it must focus on keeping the planet inhabitable, while the political opposition to measures directed towards decarbonization also increases. In what follows, the paper suggests that sustainability should be understood as a technocratic project to keep the planet safe for humanity rather than imposing a new way of life for all its inhabitants. This is not to imply that moral or ideological debate is to be curtailed, but rather to differentiate between achieving environmental sustainability and seeking the reshaping of socionatural relations.


AIM
Oral microflora during pregnancy is critical to oral health care in the mother and her child. We examined the changes in the oral microbiota between pregnancy and nonpregnancy periods.

METHODS
The study was performed using 132 healthy pregnant women enrolled from Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital and 51 healthy nonpregnant women as control. During pregnancy, 132 subjects were assessed for seven microbial species by the cultured method and polymerase chain reaction at the early (7-16 weeks gestation), the middle (17-28 weeks), and the late (29-39 weeks) pregnancy periods. Pregnant women completed a series of questionnaires regarding oral and systemic health and lifestyle habits.

RESULTS
The total cultivable microbial counts in the early pregnancy were significantly higher than that of the nonpregnant women (P < 0.05). The incidences of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in gingival sulcus during the early and middle pregnancy were significantly higher than the nonpregnant group (P < 0.05), while Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum did not change. Candida species were more frequently detected during the middle and late pregnancy.

CONCLUSION
The data suggest that pregnancy, especially in the early periods, promotes the proliferation of microorganisms in the oral cavity and facilitates a colonization of periodontal pathogens.


This invention declares a starting process of once-through boiler with by neighboring steam heating in which the high pressure heater is connected by the pipeline receiving exogenous heating steam. The mentioned process includes: heating the water in the unit boiler with the exogenous steam through the high pressure heater, heating the heat delivery surface of the boiler indirectly when starting up at cold, warm or hot status, starting the boiler water circulating pump and air-gas system when the temperature is close to the saturation temperature of the exogenous steam, ignition of the boiler, increasing the thermal load with bypass system after the is started, switching off the fuel when the thermal load of the coal exceeds the minimum oil-break thermal load and switching to the general starting process; when starting at the extreme hot status, ignition of the boiler after purging, after the coal pulverizing system is started, switching off the fuel when the thermal load of the coal exceeds the minimum oil-break thermal load and switching to the general starting process. The starting process will shorten the starting duration, and save fuel, coal and water.


The Spinco E analytical ultracentrifuge has been used to determine specific volumes or densities for organic liquids and water at pressure from 1 to 100 bars. Specific volumes calculated from exper...


From 3β,14-dihydroxy-5β,14β-card-20(22)-enolide (digitoxigenin)(III), new formal total syntheses of canarigenin [3β,14-dihydroxy-14β-carda-4,20(22)-dienolide](IIa) and uzarigenin [3β,14-dihydroxy-5α,14β-card-20(22)-enolide](Ic) have been completed. The route found most convenient involved direct oxidation of digitoxigenin (III) with t-butyl hypochlorite to yield the 4β-chloro-3-ketone (IVb). Dehydrohalogenation to the 4-en-3-one (canarigenone)(V) was followed by selective reduction with lithium hydrido-tri-t-butoxyaluminate to afford canarigenin (IIa) and with lithium borohydride to yield uzarigenin (Ic).


Background: The immune system is able to recognize tumor cells through the presentation of mutant peptides via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Somatic mutations and loss of heterozygosity of MHC genes are a known mechanism of escape from this immune surveillance. Classical methods to identify somatic mutations involve alignment of sequencing reads to a standard reference genome, but this approach fails for the MHC genes. High sequence divergence between haplotypes and the GRCh38 reference, in addition to a large number of closely-related homologs, results in poor alignment and difficulty in variant detection. As a result, there is a lack of validated tools that can reliably identify mutations in the MHC genes, leaving this area understudied. Methods: We developed Polytect, a genomics tool that can call somatic mutations in highly polymorphic genes. Polytect accurately partitions reads across homologues, and aligns them against references that are dynamically constructed based on an individual9s haplotype. This minimizes alignment errors, and enables the use of traditional variant callers. Reads are accurately partitioned among genes by exploring the space of alternative alignments to all haplotypes and pseudogenes. For the MHC, references are dynamically selected from the IMGT database of known haplotypes using a novel algorithm that models alignment to closely related sequences as a linear system. This allows us to solve for the true underlying haplotypes for each patient. Personalized references are then created by imputing germline mutations onto the selected haplotypes. Once reads are aligned to the personalized reference, somatic mutations can be called using existing methods. Results: In a set of validation experiments, selected references had a median levenshtein distance of 0 SNPs from the known ground truth sequences. However, suboptimal reference selection (> 15 SNPs) was more likely for genes with worse haplotype representation in IMGT and those with extremely variable intron lengths. Polytect achieved a sensitivity of 88%, detecting 65 out of 74 MHC-Class 1 mutation from a gold-standard dataset. We applied Polytect to a cohort of 706 patients with metastatic cancers from the MI-ONCOSEQ study. We found non-synonymous mutations in the MHC class 1 genes in 7% of tumors, a rate higher than the 3.3% reported in a previous study looking at primary tumors. We also applied Polytect to the previously uninvestigated MHC class 2 genes and found mutations in 6% of tumors. MHC mutations were most common in squamous cell carcinomas (40%, n = 20), melanomas (33%, n = 6), and colorectal cancers (25%, n = 8), compared to, for example, (10%, n=256) in prostate cancer. Conclusions: Polytect is an accurate and efficient algorithm to detect somatic mutations in polymorphic genes. Across a large cohort of metastatic tumors Polytect revealed a high prevalence (13%) of mutations in MHC class 1 and class 2 genes. Citation Format: Michael Brodie Mumphrey, Abhijit Parolia, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Marcin Cieslik. Polytect, a robust algorithm to detect somatic mutations in polymorphic MHC/HLA genes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4420.


Recycling addresses environmental issues associated with solid waste by minimizing overall resource consumption and environmental impact. In the construction industry, concrete recycling is crucial because concrete is the most dominant waste of construction and demolition waste. However, its implementation is at a low level in numerous countries, including Malaysia because project managers refuse to adopt concrete recycling in practice. Detailed information is needed to find the obstacle to recycle concrete waste, including often neglected small construction projects. This study's objective is to identify factors that are affecting decisions in adopting concrete recycling from project managers' perspective. Nine barriers to implementing concrete recycling in Malaysia are identified. The nine barriers can be associated with facilities, the workforce, quality, financial, technologies, and resources. This research contributes to the body of knowledge is in the analysis of factors that influence the acceptance of concrete recycling from industry practitioners' perspectives, which could help researchers and industry practitioners develop strategies to reduce the rejection of concrete recycling among project managers. The findings of this research would help improve the success of adopting concrete recycling in the construction industry.


Abstract Ontogeny and cellular localization of the lutropin receptor (LH-R) mRNA were studied in fowl gonads between day 5 of incubation and day 1 of posthatch. In situ hybridization using an antisense cRNA probe demonstrated that LH-R gene expression began at embryonic day 7 in females and day 14 in males. In female embryos, the specific hybridization was detected in not only developing left ovaries but also regressing right ovaries. The LH-R mRNA expression in the right ovary was detectable until hatch. LH-R mRNA was localized in the medullary cords in ovaries and interstitial tissues in testes. These results are consistent with previous reports on ontogenic analysis of LH-dependent steroidogenesis in chicken embryo gonads.


This paper reports that the concentration of long-lived α-radio-active aerosol both in Ulumuqi and S.city increased,because the coal ashand fume with radioactive material entered the atmosphere while the coalburned.The concentration of long-lived α-radioactive aerosols in heatingseason was 1.8 times higher than that in other seasons(fluctuating extentof 10~(-17)Ci/L).In the meantime,the content of uranium in coal used inS.city was higher so that the concentration of long-lived α-radioactive aerosolin S.city was higher than that in Ulnmuqi city by a factor of 1.5—1.8.


This study investigates copyright discourses on YouTube. Through a qualitative content analysis of 144 YouTube videos, we explore how YouTube creators understand copyright law, how they minimize risks posed by copyright infringement, and how they navigate a highly technical and dynamic copyright enforcement ecosystem. Our findings offer insights into how digitally situated cultural producers are impacted by and respond to automated content moderation. This is important because increasingly lawmakers around the world are asking digital platforms to implement efficient systems for content moderation, and yet there is a lack of good information about the stakeholders most directly impacted by these practices. In this study, we present a systematic analysis of copyright gossip, building on the concept of algorithmic gossip, which comprises the opinions, theories, and strategies of creators who are affected by YouTube's copyright enforcement systems.


Tibetan bowls have been traditionally used for ceremonial and meditation purposes, but are also increasingly being used in contemporary music-making. They are handcrafted using alloys of several metals and produce different tones, depending on the alloy composition, their shape, size and weight. Most important is the sound producing technique used - either impacting or rubbing, or both simultaneously - as well as the excitation location, the hardness and friction characteristics of the exciting stick (called puja). In this paper, we extend to axi-symmetrical shells - subjected to impact and friction-induced excitations - our modal techniques of physical modelling, which were already used in previous papers concerning plucked and bowed strings as well as impacted and bowed bars. Our simulation results highlight the existence of several motion regimes, both steady and unsteady, with either permanent or intermittent bowl/puja contact. Furthermore, the unstable modes spin at the angular velocity of the puja. As a consequence, for the listener, singing bowls behave as rotating quadropoles. The sound will always be perceived as beating phenomena, even if using perfectly symmetrical bowls.


Significance International and national law have not stemmed the tide of rapidly accelerating environmental change. In response to this challenge, we highlight examples from the United States and the European Union of the untapped capacity of existing laws to enhance social-ecological resilience to these continual changes. The recommendations we advance regarding how to mine existing legal instruments to enhance resilience are agenda-setting, and they represent a far more feasible approach to addressing emerging environmental challenges than proposing politically untenable new laws or major amendments to existing laws. We show that governance can make substantial advances in addressing environmental change in the short term by exploiting those existing untapped capacities, and we offer principles and strategies to guide such initiatives. Over the past several decades, environmental governance has made substantial progress in addressing environmental change, but emerging environmental problems require new innovations in law, policy, and governance. While expansive legal reform is unlikely to occur soon, there is untapped potential in existing laws to address environmental change, both by leveraging adaptive and transformative capacities within the law itself to enhance social-ecological resilience and by using those laws to allow social-ecological systems to adapt and transform. Legal and policy research to date has largely overlooked this potential, even though it offers a more expedient approach to addressing environmental change than waiting for full-scale environmental law reform. We highlight examples from the United States and the European Union of untapped capacity in existing laws for fostering resilience in social-ecological systems. We show that governments and other governance agents can make substantial advances in addressing environmental change in the short term—without major legal reform—by exploiting those untapped capacities, and we offer principles and strategies to guide such initiatives.


Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health concern. The United Kingdom (UK) has some of the most advanced STI surveillance systems globally. This review uses national surveillance data to describe remarkable changes in STI epidemiology in the UK over the last century and explores behavioural and demographic shifts that may explain these trends. The past ten years have seen considerable improvements in STI service provision and the introduction of national public health interventions. However, sexual health inequalities persist and men who have sex with men, young adults and black ethnic minorities remain a priority for interventions. Technological advances in testing and a shift in sexual health service commissioning arrangements will present both opportunities and challenges in future.


proof the court had no option but to find against Soblen. Even if Soblen could have proved the existence of an ulterior motive the court would have been bound by Chateau Thierry's case. These considerations render it all the more deplorable that legal aid was refused for an appeal to the House of Lords. In the absence of evidence of the documents involved one is left with the uneasy feeling that less than justice was done to Soblen. A curious point never raised in argument was that Soblen being in unlawful custody on arrival in this country (a U.S. policeman having no authority to detain anybody in custody inside British territory) the Home Secretary's repeated statement that it was his intention to restore Soblen to the situation he was in when he arrived in this country is clear evidence of an intention to use deportation for an unlawful purpose, namely the commission of the tort of false imprisonment. Other points not taken include the question whether Soblen's case was not a criminal proceeding, and hence that he might have been entitled to appeal direct to the House of Lords instead of first to the Court of Appeal (extradition cases are always criminal proceedings). Had it been accepted that Soblen's case was criminal it may be that the Crown's claim to privilege would not have been as unlimited in a criminal case as it is in civil cases. The last point that must be made is that by upholding the Crown's claim to privilege in deportation proceedings the courts have made it possible for the Crown in many cases to choose between deporting an alien or extraditing him, despite the fact that Parliament intended the two proceedings to be dealt with quite differently. This being so it is highly desirable that the Home Secretary's rejection (The Times, November 29, 1962) of the establishment of an independent tribunal to hear representations from intended deportees, should be reversed.


College instructors and students participated in a pilot project at The University of Akron to enhance student learning through the use of a common teaching pedagogy, peer instruction. Peer instruction is a teaching pedagogy which can be used to engage students through activities that require each student to apply the core concepts being presented and then to explain these concepts to their fellow students. The teaching pedagogy was supported by the use of technology, an electronic response system, which recorded student responses. We report our experiences in using this technology enhanced teaching pedagogy and provide another example of an active and collaborative learning tool that instructors can use to move beyond chalk and talk. Preliminary results from student and instructor surveys are also reported.


The order of a nonzero element a of a finite field is the smallest of the positive integers j for which ai = 1. If f(x) is irreducible over K, then all of its roots are of the same order, for given any two roots of f lying in a finite extension F of K there is always an automorphism of F mapping one on the other. We may therefore define the order of the irreducible polynomial f to be the order of any one of its roots. The purpose of this note is to establish the following generalization of the theorem of Gleason and Marsh.3


This paper determines the kinetic parameters of the initiation of the oxidation of cumens and polymerization of styrene by using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The rate of initiation is practically independent of the nature of the aliphatic alcohols (methanol to decanol) and the efficiency of AIBN in this series decreases. The activation energy of the initiation for the two processes in emulsions is 12-16 kJ/mole higher than in a homogeneous system.


ABSTRACT This study demonstrated the potential for reductive dechlorination of aryl halides in a sedimentary environment by naturally occurring bacteria. A laboratory sediment microcosm and highly enriched, stable dechlorinating cultures were established using hydrogen as electron donor and 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3DCP), monochlorophenol (MCP) and dichlorobenzene (DCB) as electron acceptors. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of dominant DGGE bands assigned detected phylotypes in chlorophenols (CPs) amended sediment microcosms to the genera Anaerospora, Pseudomonas, Desulfitobacterium, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, and Peptoclostridium, beside uncultured marine Bacterioplankton, Halochromatium and Sedimentibacter. Chlorobenzene (CB) amended sediments showed the same community in addition to Bacillus sp. Major operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in CPs enrichment cultures were assigned to Anaerospora hongkongensis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Clostridium sp., Desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans, beside unidentified marine bacterioplankton. Enrichment on DCB resulted in predominance of the same populations in addition to Peptoclostridium sp. and Dehalococcoides mccartyi. Dechlorination in enrichment cultures was mainly assigned to Desulfitobacterium and Dehalococcoides, which are both known for their ability to couple dechlorination to growth in a halorespiration way. Enrichment cultures containing Desulfitobacterium showed ortho dechlorination activity of 2,3DCP to 2 chlorophenol (2CP) and 3 chlorophenol (3CP). These results provided compelling evidence that sedimentary environments in the vicinity of oil refineries do harbor dehalorespiring bacteria capable of reductive dechlorination of various aryl halides pollutants.


This collection of 16 papers was presented at the WineHealth 2013 International Wine and Health Conference. This conference was the seventh in the series of WineHealth International Wine and Health conferences and was held in Sydney, Australia on 18–20 July 2013. There were eight sessions in total comprising 28 presentations. These presentations considered the evolving epidemiological evidence on the relationship between alcohol and wine consumption and human health, in addition to recent scientific studies on the effects of wine consumption on different diseases of ageing and the influence of diet and lifestyle. Recent research on the biological effects and mechanisms of grape and wine components was also considered. As was discussed in the opening Serge Renaud Memorial Lecture (Ellison 2014, pp. 81-84), and over the following days of the conference, epidemiological studies conducted since the publication of the 'French paradox' [1] have generally concluded that there is an inverse relationship between light to moderate consumption of wine and risk of cardiovascular disease. This inverse relationship can be extended to all-cause mortality, that is, regular light to moderate consumption reduces the risk of death from all causes compared to heavy consumption and lifelong abstinence, including death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, dementia, diabetes and certain cancers [2–9]. These studies have been subsequently supported by in vitro, animal and ex vivo studies, as well as limited ∗Corresponding author: Creina S. Stockley, AWRI, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. E-mail: Creina.Stockley@awri. com.au. human in vivo studies, which have elucidated multiple biological mechanisms. This emerging science is often not considered, however, when public health policy on alcohol is prepared, as policy generally focuses on the risk of short and long term harms to human health as consumption increases above moderation. The WHO's Projected global death for selected causes, 2005 to 2030, suggests that death from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancers, in particular, will continue to increase [10]. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 34% of the total number of deaths in Australia in 2008, and 18% of the overall burden of disease, with coronary heart disease and stroke contributing over 80% of this burden [11]. Alcohol consumption per se, however, accounted for −4.7% of the total cardiovascular disease burden. Australia shares similar demographics and the same 19 leading causes of burden as other high income developed countries [12]. Globally, the population aged 60 years and over is projected to nearly triple by 2050, while the population aged 80 years and over is projected to experience a more than five-fold increase. In Australia, between now and 2050 the number of older individuals (65 to 84 years) is expected to more than double; and the number of very old individuals (85 and over) is expected to more than quadruple from 0.4 million people today to 1.8 million in 2050 (www.treasury.gov.au/igr/ igr2010/Overview/html/overview). Increased numbers of older individuals may have implications for expenditure on income support, housing and health services,


In the information age, the blended teaching has been widely accepted and applied in colleges and universities. Based on the theory of educational ecology and the outcome-based education (OBE), this paper tries to take college English as an example to implement this teaching mode based on SPOC. Blended teaching design was proposed and a case teaching design was illustrated in detail to show how to put the blended teaching theory into practise. This research employed experimental class to check the effectiveness of the blended teaching. Three tests were carried out during the teaching experiment, they are pre-test, middle test and final test respectively. After the comparing the testing sores of the former two tests by using statistic software SPSS, it is found out that there is no significant improvement for students' testing scores. Apart from the discussion from the author's and other scholars perspective, interviews with students from experimental class' teachers and professionals from Teaching Quality Department were conducted to probe into the in-depth reasons accountable for this phenomenon. After finding out the causes that may explain the unsatisfactory testing results of the second time, teacher and students made some adjustments in the next period of teaching in order to achieve expected academic record. The testing scores were significantly higher than the previous two tests. The research results show that the teaching effect of blended teaching for freshmen requires a period of time to be obvious. Firstly, Chinese students' autonomous learning ability, their language learning styles and strategies and their computer skills can directly or indirectly affect the teaching effects. Secondly, teachers' online guidance and supervision, teachers' attitude towards blended teaching, their level of information technology and their understanding of blended teaching all have certain impact towards the teaching outcome. The corresponding suggestions are put forward to raise the teaching quality of blended teaching mode. Firstly, attention should be paid to the needs of students and promote online autonomous learning. Secondly, the needs of teachers should never be ignored and teaching guidance should be given to those in need. Finally, teachers' assessment mechanism and teaching management should be improved.


Knowledge transfer is a term used to describe a large number of activities that support joint undertakings between research institutes and private companies. Knowledge and technology transfer can be defined as the movement of knowledge and technology from an organization to another. The following paper will present NRDICOMOTI's procedure for knowledge transfer towards an industrial partner in the field of wind turbines. The partner is going to use the new knowledge to develop a competitive product. The procedure is structured in multiple stages, including the theoretical approach to early design in wind turbines, numerical analysis to determine the performances, the standards in issuing technical documentation, the FEM analysis to determine the values of stress and vibration, and finally, the manufacturing process. In the early design stage, conventional equations will be used to estimate the output power of the wind turbine. For the numerical analysis, CFD methods will be used to evaluate the performances. For technical documentation, this paper will present the various pieces of software used by COMOTI in the process of developing and manufacturing of wind turbines. The article will be concluded by a step by step manufacturing technology development process.


Based on operational 16 parameter models, the India Meteorological Department, since 1989, has been issuing the long-range forecasts for monsoon rainfall (June-September) for the country as a whole. Qualitative forecasts of category of monsoon  (deficient, normal and excess) proved accurate on all the 11 years  (1989-99). However, the errors in the quantitative forecasts, particularly from 1996-99 were more than the model error of ± 4 %. Therefore the operational 16-parameter models (parametric and power regression) were updated by replacing four predictors whose relationship with monsoon rainfall has weakened in recent years. The new predictors introduced into the models are Arabian Sea SST, South Indian Ocean SST, Europe Pressure Gradient and Darwin Pressure Tendency. The model constants were recalculated with the data for the period 1971-95. The performance of the updated model was found to be far better especially during the recent years. The absolute mean error of the forecasts from the updated model for the period 1991-99 was 3.2 % as against 7.0 % of the operational forecasts.  As these updated models showed promise, they were introduced in 2000 for issuing the operational long-range forecasts of Indian summer monsoon rainfall.


Analog optical communication links operating at microwave frequencies are useful for applications like antenna remoting, transceivers, optical signal distribution (CATV), etc. In recent years great progress has been achieved on AM optical links, however, very little has been published on the use of coherent optical links for analog applications. In this paper, we present the analysis, calculated performance, and design guidelines for a coherent phase modulated analog optical link. The performance of this link is compared to that of AM links, and a substantially improved performance is predicted. >


In the last three decades, the theory of variational analysis provides very effective and powerful techniques for studying a wide class of problems arising in nonlinear equations, optimization problems, economics equilibrium, game theory, complementarity problems, and fixed point problems, as well as other branches of mathematics and engineering sciences. So, the thorough study of both theory and methods about variational inequalities will help us to find new techniques for solving the practical problem. Vector optimization problems have received much attention by many authors due to their extensive applications in many fields such as biology, economics, optimal control, and differential inclusions. Because of the importance and active impact of the variational inequality and the vector optimization problem in the nonlinear analysis and optimization, this special issue, focusing on most recent contributions, includes works on variational inequalities, equilibrium problems and nonexpansive mappings, vector optimization problems and generalized convex functions, robust optimization problems, and optimization problems with applications, which are based on a strict international peer review procedure and our original proposal. A brief review of the papers is given under the following four topics.


Part II. In the first part of this paper I have treated of the fundamental principles of hygrometry, and of some hygroscopic phænomena; and this will relate to a particular application of those premises.


Inspired by a manuscript of (kouakep, arxiv.org/abs/1505.06431, 2016), we considered in this note a wellposed model with deferential susceptibility and infectivity adding continuous age structure to an ODE model for a "Baka" pygmy group in the East of Cameroon (Africa). Assuming a very low contribution of carriers to infection compare to acute infectious, we estimate a probability p(a) (to develop symptomatic Hepatitis B state at age a) and acute carriers' transmission rate. The value R0 = 2:67 >1 of the basic reproduction number estimated from data in the east of Cameroon confirms that HBV is endemic in the Baka pygmy group.


Psychiatric disturbance in young people with an intellectual disability (ID) differs in its presentation and management from that of both mainstream Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Adult Intellectual Disability Psychiatry. Neurodevelopmental disorder (notably autistism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is frequently present, the more so the more pronounced the overall ID. While age, ability, and gender are important, so are the contexts of family relationships, and the school (or college) which form the central focus for assessment and management. A child-centred approach encourages recognition of the capacity to take part in decisions; something that can be overlooked in their dependency on these two settings.


The article highlights the typology of development areas. The author creates it on the basis of the analysis of internal structure and environment interaction. Theses of institutional economy are used as a foundation for this approach.


An advanced formulation having remogliflozin etabonate (REM) and metformin hydrochloride (MET) for the treatment of diabetes was recently approved. However, there hasn't been any information reported on a UFLC technique for simultaneously quantifying both active substances. Therefore, aim of the study was the development of an ultra-fast isocratic liquid chromatography method for quantification of MET and REM in API and dosage form. The reversed phase-UFLC method was developed with a very short run time of only 3 min with no interference due to blank. The compounds were separated using Shimadzu Sim-pack XR ODS (75 mm × 3 mm, 2.2 μ) column with mobile phase consisting of buffer (0.1% phosphoric acid):acetonitrile (30:70). The developed method was validated as per ICH-Q2(R1). The linearity was established in the range of 0.01-125 ppm and 0.01-25 ppm for MET and REM, respectively. The average assay was found 99.4% for MET and 99.1% for REM. The accuracy was observed 98.29-99.49% for MET and 98.39-99.73% for REM. The  proposed method is very fast and simple however precise and accurate. This method is very useful for regular quality control  laboratory to quantify MET and REM in API and dosages forms.


The midsagittal projection of the upper tongue surface is described with reference to a jaw‐based coordinate system which rotates with the mandible about a point fixed with respect to the maxilla. A jaw based coordinate system is also useful in describing the articulatory conditions of the lips. For vowels, specification of the maximal elevation point of the tongue hump is used to construct curves which approximate the tongue outline. Addition of one lip‐rounding parameter allows specification of the orifice dimensions and the extent of protrusion. Subsequent consideration of the jaw angle allows computation of the midsagittal cross dimension of the vocal tract. For consonants, additional separate parameters are introduced for specification of labial, dental, and palatal constrictions.


1. The effect of thyroxin and of growth hormone on liver polyploidy has been investigated in the dwarf mouse and in the hypophysectomized rat.2. Either hormone, acting alone, stimulated polyploidization in these experimental animals; the combination of both hormones synergized to produce an hepatic cell picture dominated by higher polyploid classes.


Background There is much attention around the physiological factors around the admission but psychological factors, especially the patients voice and perceptions are often poorly considered. These issues could hold vital clues which need to be considered in their long-term care of their COPD. Aim To uncover the patient voice and perceptions of why they were admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD. Methods A random selection of patients who were readmitted within a 30-day period over 4 months of winter 18/19, undertook a semi-structured interview about self management/pre admissions factors and asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression score (HADs), Ways of Coping Checklist (WOC) and Multi-Dimensional Health Locus of Control (MDHLOC) questionnaires. The group was spilt into those who scored highly in the HADS for anxiety and depression (score above 15 on the scales) and those who did not. Results All 24 contacted patients agreed to participate; M:F 1:1, with a mean age of 72.3 years. (see results table 1). All reported feeling frightened by their increased breathlessness and felt the only thing to do was to phone for an ambulance. They responded overwhelmingly that they did not want to self-manage their condition with plans and rescue medications and that they felt the only solution would be to get to the hospital or they might die from their exacerbation. There was an overwhelming fear of death, despair and despondency with their condition and the resultant admissions. Those with co morbid anxiety or depression felt a lack of support for their conditions which they felt were never considered in relation to their overall management of their COPD. Conclusions The patient voice is strong and should be listened to. These findings suggest a more holistic approach to long term care of people with COPD. More attention should go to listening to their fears and supporting them than handing out home rescue medications which are often left untouched.Abstract P256 Table 1 Males (n= 12) Females (n= 12) Abnormal levels of depression as scored by HADs (score >16) 10 (83%) 11 (92%) Abnormal levels of anxiety as scored by HADs (score >16) 6 (50%) 9 (75%) External locus of control (LOC) 7 (58%) 11 (92%) Abnormal ways of coping 6 (50%) 12 (100%)


Objective To realize needle stick injury in practical nurses during their nursing practice and post-injury mental reaction,so as to adopt appropriate strategies.Methods Investigation was carried out among 50 practical nurses by questionnaires and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) forms.Results All surveyed practical nurses were injuried at least once,and(42.22%) of them were injuried 8-11 times, the injury rate was(42.38%) during three months practice period.Most injuries occurred at the time when needle heads were separated from syringes and transfusion system((36.43%)),and were bent or deformed((22.62%)).The SAS marks reached the maximum of(48.59)±(5.67).Conclusion Practical nurses are easily to be injuried by needles,they feel anxious and nervous.The teachers in charge of practical nurses ought to teach them protective measures during clinical manipulation.


Reading Robinson: Companion Essays to Friendly Mission , edited by Anna Johnston and Mitchell Rolls (Hobart: Quintus Publishing, 2008, pp. 238, AU$34.95). Publisher's website: http://www.quintus.utas.edu.au/reading_robinson.html


Research grant holder National Civil Engineering Laboratory, Hydraulics and Environment Department, Harbours and Senior Lecturer in Civil Engineering University of Liverpool Managing Director and Principal Engineer Coastal Engineering UK Ltd, Thurstaston, Wirral Principal Engineer Royal Haskoning, Liverpool Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Maritime Engineering 000 Month 2006 Issue MA0 Pages 1–9


SUMMARY: In accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) regulations, notification is hereby given that NMFS has issued an Incidental Harassment Authorization (IHA) to BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. (BP) to take, by harassment, small numbers of 10 species of marine mammals incidental to ocean bottom cable (OBC) seismic surveys in the Simpson Lagoon area of the Beaufort Sea, Alaska, during the 2012 Arctic open-water season.


Biopolymer of chitin and chitosan were extracted from the two Pleurotus spp. of P.floridanus and P.djamor. After the optimization, genomic DNA was isolated, and by using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers molecular identification was carried out and the nucleotides were submitted to NCBI. The biopolymer have a great commercial importance now a days because of it high efficiency in all the field. The present study was focused on to extract the chitin and chitosan from the Pleurotus spp. and these polymer was subjected to analysis the total antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens of E.coli, B. cereus, S.aureus, A.niger and A.flavus. Cytotoxicity study against HeLa Cell Line was also performed to study the efficacy of the extracted polymer.