Abstract 2375 While allogeneic HSCT remains the only curative option for patients with MDS, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. 5-azacytidine (5-aza) has been shown to improve the overall survival (OS) of patients with int-2/high risk MDS when compared with best supportive care and conventional chemotherapy. The feasibility of 5-aza in the pre-transplant setting has been demonstrated allowing disease remission induction whilst minimising the toxicity of "induction" chemotherapy. However the additional benefit gained by patients receiving HSCT post 5-aza as compared to patients who receive continuous 5-aza therapy remains to be determined. We report on our single centre experience on the use of 5-aza in a cohort of 71 patients receiving 5-aza as de-novo therapy for high risk MDS/AML. The patients were classified into 2 cohorts. 41 patients received 5-aza in a non-intensive group (defined as patients with advanced age or significant co-morbidities precluding them from HSCT) and 30 patients received 5-aza induction therapy with the intention of proceeding to an allogeneic HSCT (intensive group). Patients in the non-intensive group were significantly older at start of 5-aza therapy than the intensive group (median age: 72 yrs vs 62 yrs, p= In the intensive group, the median no. of cycles of 5-aza administered was 7(range 1–30). Out of 30 patients, 15(50%) patients did not proceed to transplant. 14 of these patients had disease progression while on 5-aza, out of which 11 patients received conventional chemotherapy. None of these 11 patients proceeded to HSCT primarily as a result of refractory MDS/AML or chemotherapy toxicity. 15(50%) patients attained a morphological remission ( In summary, only 50% of patients commencing 5-aza in the intensive group were subsequently able to receive an allogeneic HSCT. While the non-intensive group consisted of older patients, the median OS from start of 5-azacytidine was 22 months for both intensive and non-intensive groups. The 1 yr and 2 yr actuarial OS was 57%+/m8% and 24%+/m8% for the non-intensive group and 76%+/m8% and 17%+/m8% for the intensive group (p=0.76). While the development of RIC regimens has facilitated the expansion of allogeneic HSCT to older patients with AML/MDS, these findings suggest that in certain patients with co-morbidities, non-intensive novel therapies may be a preferable therapeutic option. Further studies in older AML/MDS patients to evaluate the benefit of novel agents such as 5-azacytidine when compared with HSCT are warranted. Disclosures: Mufti: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.


It is pointed out that the split step method and the propagating beam method are equivalent and numerically calculated by the method that the initial equal separation first-order multipulse series propagates in an optical fiber. A possible scheme to increase the bandwidth of an optical soliton communication system is proposed.


In Metrology labs, usual activities include the maintenance of reference standard, assessment of its performance, calibration and testing of device under test. To perform these duties, it is essential that the concerned persons acquire adequate knowledge and experience in the relevant fields. The experience is acquired with time but there should have easily accessible and reliable sources of training and education.


Eigenvalue-preserving-but-not-completely-eigenvalue-preserving (EnCE) maps were previously introduced for the purpose of detection and quantification of nonclassical correlation, employing the paradigm where nonvanishing quantum discord implies the existence of nonclassical correlation. It is known that only the matrix transposition is nontrivial among Hermiticity-preserving (HP) linear EnCE maps when we use the changes in the eigenvalues of a density matrix due to a partial map for the purpose. In this paper, we prove that this is true even among not-necessarily HP (nnHP) linear EnCE maps. The proof utilizes a conventional theorem on linear preservers. This result imposes a strong limitation on the linear maps and promotes the importance of nonlinear maps.


The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro assay for qualitative detection of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa isolates with potential to cause practical field resistance to DMI fungicides. Isolates from four S. homoeocarpa populations in New England were previously determined to be field resistant to the DMI fungicide propiconazole and along with isolates from a baseline population were used for this study. These isolates were collected from propiconazole-treated (0.44 kg a.i. ha) and untreated plots at two time points at each site: (i) initial (before application) and (ii) 7-days after treatment (7DAT). Isolates sampled 7-DAT were considered to exhibit practical field resistance since they were collected from dollar spot infection centers during the control period of propiconazole (which is labeled for a minimum of 14 day residual control). Isolates were assayed to calculate relative mycelial growth percentages (RMG%) on agar medium amended with increasing concentrations of propiconazole to determine if the growth of isolates capable of causing practical field resistance could be qualitatively differentiated from sensitive isolates. Practical field resistant isolates were sampled 7-DAT from the four resistant sites, but not the baseline site, and mycelial growth of all baseline isolates was completely inhibited by 1.0 μg a.i. ml of propiconazole. However, nearly all field resistant isolates (98.7%) obtained from propiconazole treated plots 7-DAT at the HGC, HRCC, SMCC and WBGC exhibited mycelial growth at 1.0 μg a.i. ml of propiconazole. These results suggest that the concentration 1.0 μg a.i. ml of propiconazole can be suitable for qualitative in vitro assessment of S. homoeocarpa isolates that may cause practical field resistance to DMI fungicides. INTRODUCTION Dollar spot, caused by the ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett (1937), is a major turfgrass disease that causes significant damage to turfgrass swards worldwide (Couch, 1995; Smiley et al., 2005; Walsh et al., 1999). Cultural practices do not provide adequate S. homoeocarpa suppression and multiple fungicide applications are made each year to maintain acceptable turf quality (Smiley et al., 2005; Walsh et al., 1999). A direct result of the selection pressure applied by multiple fungicide applications is the development of resistance to benzimidazole, dicarboximide and sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide classes in S. homoeocarpa (Cole et al., 1968; Detweiler et al., 1983; Golembiewski et al., 1995). Putman et al. (2010) conducted a survey of fungicide resistance on golf courses in the northeastern United States and confirmed for New England what previous reports from Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee and Wisconsin have shown: resistance to the benzimidazole, dicarboximide and DMI classes (Bishop et al., 2008; Brownback and Latin, 2002; Golembiewski et al., 1995; Jo et al., 2006; Koch et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2002; Putman et al., 2010; Tredway, 2005). Overall, benzimidazole resistance is well documented in many crops and was first reported in S. homoeocarpa by Warren et al. (1974). Dicarboximide resistance was first reported in 1983 and appears to occur less frequently than DMI resistance according to regional survey studies (Detweiler et al., 1983; Jo et al., 2006; Putman et al., 2010). DMI fungicides are often utilized to control S. homoeocarpa populations that have developed resistance to benzimidazole and dicarboximide (Miller et al., 2002). However, frequent use of DMI fungicides has led to the selection of S. homoeocarpa populations exhibiting resistance to DMI fungicides. DMI resistance was first reported in 1995, and is of concern due to the presence of cross-resistance for six commonly used DMI active ingredients on turfgrass (Golembiewski et al., 1995; Ok et al., 2011). Furthermore, DMI fungicides offer broadspectrum disease control and are frequently used by turfgrass managers for many other turf diseases. The presence of crossresistance among the DMI fungicides coupled with the frequent use of DMIs has created a need for an accurate method to identify isolates causing practical DMI field resistance. Burpee (1997) observed propiconazole control intervals of 9-13 days on plots inoculated with a S. homoeocarpa isolate with reduced DMI sensitivity. Popko et al. (2012) reported active mycelia of S. homoeocarpa were present 7 days after propiconazole application in a curative field trial. Therefore the working definition of practical field resistance (PFR) to DMI fungicides in turfgrass is proposed as the appearance of dollar spot infection centers during the recommended control interval of any DMI fungicide and confirmation of decreased in vitro sensitivity. Popko et al. (2012) reported that S. homoeocarpa isolates collected from infection centers 7 days after propiconazole application exhibited relative mycelial growth (RMG) values above 50% when assayed on media amended with 0.1 μg a.i. ml of propiconazole (Jo et al., 2006) and were associated with practical field resistance at four separate locations. Moreover, collecting S. homoeocarpa isolates from active infection James T. Popko, Jr., Chang-Ho Ok, Katie Campbell-Nelson, Jon Hulvey and Geunhwa Jung, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. *Corresponding author: Geunhwa Jung (firstname.lastname@example.com). Abbreviations: RMG %, Relative Mycelium Growth Percentage; DMI, Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide; PFR %, Percentage of Isolates Exhibiting Practical Field Resistance.


Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7A (584 aa, ~61 kDa) is encoded by the human ZBTB7A gene. This protein plays a role in the regulation of both transcription and B-cell development.


Objective
To investigate the effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBR1) on spatial learning and memory function of neuropathic pain (NP) model rats and the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1(NR1) subunit in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Methods
Thirty-six healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 9 rats in each group: the sham operated group (SO group), the neuropathic pain model group (NP group), the NP model group with an mPFC injection of saline (NS group), and the NP model group with an mPFC injection of the CBR1 antagonist AM251 (AM251 group). The NP model was prepared using the operation of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of the rats in each group were detected at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the operation. At 29 days after the operation, 18 rats of NP model were randomly selected and given an mPFC injection of saline or AM251 using a three-dimensional brain puncture. At days 30-37 after operation, the eight-arm maze test was performed to detect the spatial learning and memory function of the rats, and the rats were sacrificed immediately after this test. The expression levels of CBR1, NR1 and phosphorylated-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 (p-NR1 ) (Ser896) in the mPFC brain region were detected by Western blotting, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence.

Results
Compared with the SO group, the pain thresholds and the spatial learning and memory function of the rats in the NP group were significantly lower (both P<0.05). Compared with the NS group, the rats in the AM251 group showed improvement about spatial learning and memory function (P<0.05). Compared with the SO group (the mRNA and protein level of CBR1: 0.23±0.06, 0.42±0.03), the mRNA(0.43±0.12) and protein (0.53±0.05) level of CBR1 in NP group increased (both P<0.05). Compared with the NS group (the mRNA and protein level of CBR1: 0.42±0.11, 0.52±0.10), the mRNA (0.53±0.05) and protein (0.98±0.17) level of CBR1 in AM251 group increased (both P<0.05). Compared with the SO group (the mRNA and protein level of NR1 and the protein level of p-NR1: 1.50±0.15, 0.65±0.05, 0.79±0.15), the mRNA (0.94±0.07) and protein (0.24±0.05) level of NR1 in NP group decreased (both P<0.05), the protein level of p-NR1 (0.33±0.04) decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the NS group (the mRNA and protein level of NR1 and the protein level of p-NR1: 1.09±0.14, 0.26±0.06, 0.31±0.08), the mRNA(1.58±0.10) and protein (1.42±0.10) level of NR1 in AM251 group increased (both P<0.05), the protein (0.95±0.15) level of p-NR1 increased (P<0.05).

Conclusion
CBR1 can decrease the expression level of NR1 and p-NR1 in the mPFC brain region of NP model rats and induce the spatial learning and memory impairment.

Key words:
Neuropathic pain; Cannabinoid receptor 1; N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor


Photonic circuits pave the way to extremely quick computation and real-time inference in critical applications, such as imaging flow cytometry (IFC). Nevertheless, current photonic FPGA implementations display intrinsic limitations that restrict the complexity of Deep Learning (DL) models that could be sustained. One of these restrictions implies the weight matrices to be unitary. Thus, machine learning mechanisms to transform weight matrices to their nearest unitary one, are essential for the effective deployment of such demanding tasks. Furthermore, DL models that perform convolutions, require special handling so as to fit in the photonic system. In this work, several methods have been investigated for conversion of non-unitary matrices to unitary ones, as well as, linear algebra techniques for the transformation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to Feed-Forward models, under the prism of discovery of the best candidate for the photonic FPGA in terms of accuracy and restrictions. Experimental results proved that post-training or iterative techniques to find the nearest unitary weight matrix can be applied for photonic chips with the minimum loss in accuracy, while CNNs adapted well in a photonic configuration employing a Toeplitz matrix implementation. The proposed approach envisions efficient tackling of DL models limitations for deployment in photonic FPGAs.


A Kanban Production System is designed to help a factory line meet fluctuating demands for multiple part types. Based on the parameter settings of the Control-Point Policy, the optimum Kanban levels are obtained. The simulation software Simul8 was used to model the factory line and the Kanban system. Using the optimum Kanban levels, the Kanban system will act as an automatic production scheduling system that will indicate clearly when and how much of each part-type should be produced. Use of this system will avoid unnecessary inventory and changeover cost incurred by the existing Kanban system used by the factory line.


Movies as Classroom Material for Criminal Investigators. According to a plan on the part of the Universum-Filmgesellschaft, movies (which are already being used for pedagogical purposes in the fields of healthcare, surgery and obstetrics) will now be offered to the Bureau of Criminal Identification (Erkennungsdienst) as teaching materials portraying some of the essential modern tools and investigative procedures used at the scene of the crime. The search for criminals and their traces, the discovery of their concealed implements, the process of securing evidence, and everything else that is part of the forensic education of the police, will be shown—however, only to police officers and court officials. A public exhibition of these films might teach Herr 'Student of Crime' how he could protect himself from the criminal police pursuing him.


The development of a device for isothermal low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue testing is described. The device has been designed and constructed in the Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Tecnicas (CEIT). The building up elements are fully described and several other possible options are evaluated. The device is designed for simulating the load and temperature conditions supported by certain power generation plant components


1 Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain, firstname.lastname@example.com 2 MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 3 State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin Unversity, Qianjin Street No. 2699, Changchun 130012, China. Palabras Clave: compuestos π-conjugados, piezocromismo, Raman, DFT


ABSTRACT:
 A louse fly (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), Olfersia sordida Bigot, was collected in a dry ice-baited light trap on Key Largo, Florida.


Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of ganglioside combined with nerve growth factor in the treatment of children with brain injury. Methods: 85 cases of brain damage children in the hospital from October 2009 to December 2012,according to treatment methods,were divided into two groups,41 patients in the conventional treatment on the basis of cytoplasmic two choline treatment for the control group,44 patients in the conventional treatment on the basis of ganglioside combined with nerve growth factor in the treatment as the observation group,treatment time was 16 days. Children with indication of recovery time,neurobehavioral score and the clinical efficacy were compared. Results: With the passage of time, neurological function score of children in two groups was significantly improved. The neurobehavioral function score of observation group patients in the treatment of 2 d was higher than that of the control group( 22. 8 ±1. 7 vs 21. 3 ±2. 2),but there was no significant difference( P 0. 05). The neurobehavioral score of observation group patients in the treatment of 4,8,16 d were significantly higher than those of the control group 〔( 30. 9 ± 2. 6),( 35. 2 ± 3. 1),( 38. 9 ± 4. 6) vs( 25. 7 ±2. 5),( 30. 1 ±3),( 33. 4 ±3. 9) 〕. Consciousness recovery time( 4. 3 ±1. 2) d,reflex recovery time( 5. 6 ±1. 4) d,muscle tension recovery time( 7. 3 ± 1. 8) d in observation group were significantly less than those of the control group( 6. 4 ± 1. 8) d,( 7. 8 ± 2. 0) d,( 9. 7 ± 2. 1) d,total effective rate in the observation group( 97. 7%) was significantly higher than that of control group( 85. 4%),the differences were statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Ganglioside combined with nerve growth factor is an effective method for treatment of children with brain damage in children,can significantly shorten the treatment time,improve the neurobehavioral function of children,improve the therapeutic effect,is worthy of clinical application.


In an effort to improve the understanding and prediction of Cd uptake by soil bacteria, adsorbed and intracellular Cd were determined in unpolluted and highly polluted model soil solutions within a concentration range spanning from 10−9 to 5 × 10−5 M Cd. In parallel, the free Cd ion concentrations ([Cd2+]) were measured by a hollow fiber permeation liquid membrane. Obtained results demonstrated that Cd uptake by bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti was related to [Cd2+] in the solution. Addition of different complexing organic substances reduced [Cd2+] in the bacterial medium and decreased both adsorbed and intracellular Cd. The adsorbed Cd was considerably reduced in the presence of 10−4 to 5 × 10−2 M [Ca] or [Mg]. No effect on Cd adsorption was observed in the presence of Zn or Mn, even at 100‐fold excess. Intracellular Cd decreased in the presence of a high excess of Ca and Zn, while no significant effect was observed in the presence of Mg. An increase of dissolved Mn from 10−9 to 10−8 M resulted in a twofold decrease of the intracellular Cd, but no clear trend was observed in the presence of 10−7 to 10−6 M Mn. Based on complexation and competition studies, the stability constants, necessary for quantitative description of Cd uptake by S. meliloti and the development of the bacterial biotic ligand model for Cd, were derived and validated in the solutions containing mixtures of Cd, Zn, Ca, and Mg. Further numerical simulations of Cd uptake by S. meliloti exposed to soil pore waters demonstrated the importance of Zn competition and the insignificant influence of Ca and H on Cd uptake.


There are some difficulties in deciding the weighted factor for the traditional weighted average image fusion.This paper presents an adaptive pixel-weighted method based on CT/MRI local priority.Firstly,we get the local light and local detail contrasts from CT to MRI;Secondly,we get the local priority matrix and make it filtered with middle value filter,based on the local light and local detail contrasts;Thirdly,after having gotten the threshold from the local priority matrix,we process the local priority matrix with threshold and get the adaptive weighted factor matrix;Finally we fuse the CT/MRI image with the adaptive factor matrix.


AbstrcatThe author systematically makes an inquiry into the meaning of Information safety,the significance of study on information safety,and the current hot point,namely information safety on Internet.The author shows clearly that we should comprehend and grasp the issue integrately,totally and accurately.


Heutagogical learning approach is a flexible self-directive learning method aimed at forming highly motivated students thus enabling them to design their own learning approach according to their individual interests, whether in formal or informal situations. The main focus of this study is within the scope of the design elements of the heutagogy approach namely exploration, creation, collaboration, connection, sharing, and reflection. A total of 102 respondents involving a group of junior students (semester one) and senior students (semester five) from the Diploma in Information Technology program of three polytechnics; Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Politeknik Muadzam Shah, and Politeknik Kuala Terengganu have provided feedback on the study conducted through a questionnaire that includes 24 items based on a five-point Likert scale. Item validation used the Cronbach Alpha method where the value obtained exceeds 0.80 for each heutagogy element (each element consists of four items). The findings of the study found students' level of acceptance toward the use of online facilities to support their learning activities is good (mean score above 3.80) but there are significant differences between junior and senior student's acceptance level in several elements of heutagogy, namely are collaboration, connection, and reflection elements. In conclusion, the heutagogical approach needs to be further strengthened to support joint efforts in producing holistic graduates.


The fast growth of urban areas that took place in the last decades has brought severe problems in drainage of storm waters, due to increase of impermeable areas, this has lead to the development of storm water drainage systems. To design and test the hydraulic performance of drainage systems resort to mathematical simulation models such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which is a particularly useful tool in the design or rehabilitation of existing systems. Furthermore, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by the managing entities of sanitation also improve the organization of register information, making it more effective management of infrastructure in support of projects related to its planning, operation and maintenance. Since an important part of the information required by mathematical modelling is registered in GIS database, a main issue nowadays is to integrate these two tools. The relation of two different databases, a registration and another to feed the simulation model requires a greater effort on the part of managing to keep both databases updated. However, a significant part of the information, needed for the simulation model, is already in the record of managing, and building the data file of the simulation model based on the register is a time consuming and an error prone if it's done manually. In these conditions, the creation of a database record with a properly structured can allow an easy automation of this process. Thus, it is an asset to integrate the registration system and the data file of the simulation model, and GIS in support of this task is a tool to facilitate the work. The present dissertation objective was the integration of SWMM and a GIS tool named G/InterAquaTM. For that it was necessary to proceed a case study of both programs and a practical application based on subsystem of Beirolas (Lisbon area), managed by SIMTEJO Saneamento Integrado dos Municípios do Tejo e Trancão, S.A., a Grupo Águas de Portugal company, with the use of mathematical model SWMM.


The missing link in marine ecosystem-based management Peter Arbo, University of TromsA¸ ? The Arctic University of Norway Phạm Thị Thanh Thủy, University of Nha Trang The Arctic region is receiving growing attention. There is increasing interest in exploiting the natural resources and the new sea routes that open as the sea ice is retreating and new technology and infrastructure make the Arctic Ocean more accessible. However, the environmental impacts of a melting Arctic and the consequences of increasing human activity also arouse serious concern. From many quarters, the need for a sustainable ecosystem-based management of the Arctic Ocean is therefore stressed. This paper takes a closer look at the shortcomings of the ecosystem approach. Environmental governance of the Arctic Ocean is not only facing the challenges of creating a common framework across highly different coastal states. The ecosystem approach itself has limitations that need to be addressed. Our contention is that so far the main focus has been on the natural ecosystems while the regulation of industrial activities, which is a prerequisite for balancing ocean uses with the maintenance of ecosystem integrity, has largely been ignored. The paper thus starts with a discussion of what we have called the missing link in ecosystem-based management. We point out that the attempts to establish this new governance framework primarily have been about identifying valuable and vulnerable habitats and species, assessing the cumulative impacts of human activity, and setting up monitoring systems for measuring the health of the ecosystems. The more complicated issues of how to regulate and coordinate expanding industrial activities have received more scant attention. After this, we analyze some of the challenges associated with including the patterns of human activity, regulating industries, and dealing with user conflicts. This is done by a comparative study of the relationship between the offshore oil and gas industry and the seafood industry in Norway and Vietnam. In the case study, we highlight, among other things, the importance of power asymmetries, transparency, differences in the level of development, and mechanisms for institutional coordination. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons to be learned for integrated marine governance. Keywords: Ecosystem-based management - the Arctic Ocean - regulation of industrial activity ? oil versus fisheries. JEL codes: Z13, Z18.


Yuancun bridge is a pre-stressed trussed combination arch bridge with a span of 105 m.According to the reinforcement of Yuancun bridge by energy-releasing method which has changed the original force system of the bridge,and comparative analysis with the load test results,analysis show that load capability of the bridge has improved much than before.It has enhanced the carrying of the bridge,completeel working order,become the first successful reinforced trussed combination arch bridge,saved the cost,and made notably economic benefits.


The utility model discloses a safe chair for very elderly people, which comprises a chair back, chair legs, a chair seat, handrails and a seat cushion, wherein a round hollow hole is formed at the center of the chair seat, the seat cushion is positioned above the chair seat, the seat cushion comprises a fixed part and a detachable part, so that the seat cushion is convenient to clean and disinfect. The safety chair also comprises a bedpan, wherein the bedpan is arranged in the hollow hole of the chair seat, the fixed part of the seat cushion is concave, and the detachable part of the seat cushion is rectangular. When the very elderly people defecate, the detachable part of the seat cushion can be taken away, the elderly people can defecate into the bedpan through the hollow hole in the chair seat; after defecating, other persons in the family can lift up the very elderly people, then take away the bedpan, put a new bedpan in the hollow hole, put the seat cushion on the chair seat, and then help the very elderly people to sit down. The bedpan is cleaned so as to be used again. The safe chair disclosed by the utility model integrates multiple functions, can meet most requirements of the very elderly people, and has the advantages of safety, comfortableness, complete function, convenience in use, and the like.


Study Objective. To characterize the disposition and tolerance of azithromycin after single and multiple oral doses of 12 mg/kg in children with and without cancer.


By appropriately defining two displacements and a rotation, it is shown that the equations of motion of a shell of revolution undergoing combined axisymmetric bending and torsion, in which the extensional strains and the rotations may be arbitrarily large, can be given a form in which there are three effective extensional strains and two effective bending strains, each of which is only linear or quadratic in the displacements and rotation.


We report a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) band-edge laser that was fabricated in an InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well structure by nanosphere lithography (NSL). NSL utilizes a nanosphere monolayer self-assembled into a hexagonal lattice as a mask for fabricating a 2D PC composed of circular air holes. A clear laser emission at around 1550 nm was observed under pulsed optical pumping. From the calculated band structure and polarization dependence measurement, the lasing is confirmed to occur at the M1-point band-edge mode. These results demonstrate that NSL, which does not require any sophisticated nanolithographic equipment, is a simple yet precise method for PC research and application.


Auction catalogs have a style of their own. Dealers stir interest in higher biddings by emphasizing every possible positive aspect of their offerings. They have their favorite phrases which are used over and over since fresh laudatory adjectives are quickly exhausted. One commonly used is "uncommon," which is generally applied to moderately priced items and therefore never applied to Beethoven. Another overly used is "of greatest rarity," which, since each autograph is unique, must be interpreted as "not frequently offered." The year 1988, however, saw an uncommonly (to borrow an expression) large amount of Beethoven letters and sketch leaves being offered, the most, perhaps, in the last ten years. The prices reported below would indicate that "of greatest rarity" should really be interpreted as an intense demand for Beethoveniana, which apparently is inducing a greater number of owners of these precious materials to bring them to market. All prices quoted reflect the currency exhange rate at the time of sale as well as the buyer's premium (usually 10%) added to the hammer price. Besides Sotheby's in London and Stargardt in Marburg, West Germany, three other sources contribute to my report. In June 1988 Christie's in New York sold a previously undocumented sketchleaf containing ideas for the King Stephan Overture, Opus 117, and the Ruins of Athens, Opus 113. The leaf dates from 1811 and sold for $29,300. The sale also included a short note to Karl Holz (Anderson 1497) which speaks of the police and Beethoven's nephew Karl. It most likely is linked to the nephew's suicide attempt on July 30, 1826. These few lines, unsigned, fetched $11,730. Hartung & Karl, an auction house in Munich specializing in rare books, held a sale on October 25, which included an Einladung. This is a printed invitation to Beethoven's interment. Since his funeral attracted 20,000 mourners (according to comtemporary reports), one can assume that many invitations were printed. How many survive is conjectural, but one would make a desirable bit of ephemera in any Beethoven collection. This correspondent mailed in a bid for $1,360, but the next higher bid, probably from someone present at the auction, took it for $1,390. Such are the wistful regrets of an underbidder! The major Beethoven sale of this report took place on November 18 at Sotheby's in London. A very fine sketchleaf for the Archduke Trio, Opus 97, which included a section of the second movement close to the final version, was offered. The leaf also had material relating to the King Stephan Overture. It had been previously owned by Mendelssohn and Schumann, the latter certifying the provenance by writing on the leaf that it was an example of Beethoven's handwriting and had been obtained by him from Mendelssohn's estate. …


ABSTRACT The main objective of this communication article is to analyse why the US–EU partnership has become increasingly important not only to the US and the EU, but also for the world's security and prosperity. As global trends (including globalization, a shift towards the Asia–Pacific region, Western influence currently on the wane, and a multi-polar world in the making) are shaping the geostrategic environment around the US and the EU and posing new threats to global stability, the US–EU partnership has become more necessary than ever. The US and the EU are both economic superpowers and have the most powerful militaries in the world. Their cooperation and coordination are needed to deal with challenges posed by continued poverty in Africa, ongoing violent conflicts in the Middle East, Russia's re-emergence as a world power, and instability in Asia.


A media-feeding (or media-transport) system is a key component in daily consumer systems such as printers, copiers and ATM's. The role of the media-transport system is to feed a medium, which is usually in the form of a thin film, to the main process in a uniform and repeatable manner. Even small slippage between the media and the feeding rollers could significantly degrade the performance of the entire system. The slippage between the medium and the feeding rollers is determined by many parameters which include the friction coefficient between the feeding rollers and the medium material, the angular velocity of the feeding rollers, and the normal force applied by feeding rollers on the medium. This paper investigates the effect of the normal force and the angular velocity of feeding rollers on the slippage of the medium. Authors have constructed a test bed for experiments, which consists of a feeding module and various measuring devices. Using regular paper as media being fed, the authors experimentally measured the slippage of the medium under various normal forces and angular velocities of driving feeding roller. Also the authors developed a novel two-dimensional simulation model for the media-transport system. The paper medium is modeled as a set of multiple rigid bodies interconnected by revolute joints and rotational springs and dampers. Simulations were executed using a multi-body dynamic analysis tool called RecurDyn ® . The slippage obtained by the simulation is compared to experimental results.


The history of traffi c, transport and mobility is a very dynamic discipline, as shown at the recent international conference in Paris where over a hundred papers were presented. This dynamic is particularly remarkable in technical domains regarding the vehicles of the different transport modes and the development of mobility, with its economic and social implications. This achievement is also encouraging because the history of transport and mobility is a research discipline situated at the core of theoretical debates present in the social sciences. For about the past fi ve years an infl ux of authors have worked on the consequences of mobility growth on the future of global societies from a geographical, sociological or political perspective. The works of Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello, Manuel Castells and Zygmunt Bauman opened up the possibilities of these studies, followed by the work of John Urry, Sociology beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-fi rst Century. Published in 2000, this book proposed that the mobility of individuals, goods and ideas should be considered as the central object of sociology, since social structures have become increasingly fl uid. Urry's work, extensively discussed and analysed, gave rise to much literature in Europe, notably the work of Peter Peters, Sven Kesselring or Vincent Kaufmann. Concurrently, specifi c research groups have been created, such as the Cosmobilities Network, the research group Mobilités spatiales et fl uidité sociale and Mobilities, a scholarly journal founded in 2006. However, history is paradoxically positioned to this attainment. Historians have indeed been absent from these networks, yet their discipline is continually referred to when proving the state of current changes. After briefl y presenting the principal positions relative to social fl uidisation we will propose a research agenda for future collaboration. SURVEYS AND SPECULATIONS


The main theme of this paper is design and implementation of multiple-choice tests as a part of a computer-aided learning system in teaching mathematics on the undergraduate level, using free open-source software components. We are focusing on web-based assessment management software that is designed to diagnose students' progress and relate assessment with classroom instructions. Multiple-choice tests are used as self-evaluation, compulsory assignments, an mid-term exams. Our experience indicates that the assessment system is a very good tool for predicting overall student performance as well as for assisting the lecturer in analyzing students' level of knowledge and understanding.


Medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei are important for nuclear structure investigations (e.g. shell evolution with neutron excess) and nuclear astrophysics (e.g. r-process in nu cleosynthesis). However, these investigations are limite d because of the difficulties in producing medium-mass nuclei with a large neutron excess. The traditional way for producing neutron rich nuclei was fission of actinides [1]. A new idea is to use a two step reaction scheme. Medium-mass neutron-rich isotopes are produced with high intensities as fission fragments. Then, they are used as projectiles in a second step to produce even more neutronrich nuclei by cold fragmentation. In fact, this two step reaction might be a tool for producing beams of extremely neutron rich isotopes of refractory elements and short live d nuclei in ISOL facilities [2]. In a recent work [3] the feasibility of the two step reaction scheme was investigated by calculating the production cross sections of residual nuclei in this kind of reactions. Two different model calculations were used, EPAX [4], the semiempirical parameterisation for fragmentatio n cross sections, and the cold fragmentation code COFRA, which is described in ref. [5]. It has been shown that the predictions of both model calculations applied for fragmen tation of neutron-rich projectiles differ considerably. In order to obtain a clear answer for these discrepancies, an experiment was performed at GSI Fragment Separator (FRS) in November 2006. A 950 MeV/u U beam with an intensity of 10 projectiles per spill impinged onto a a 650 mg/cm Pb target at the entrance of the FRS to produce fission fragments. The forward emitted fission products were isotopically identified by the first section of the FRS by using and improved time-of-flight system and TPC chambers for position and angle measurements. The tracking correction to the time-of-flight allowed for the first tim e to isotopically separate at the FRS A ≈130 fragments with a limited flight path (20 m). These fully identified fission residues impinged onto a secondary beryllium target (2.6 g/cm ) located at the intermediate focal plane. The fragmentation residues were also isotopically identified in the second section of the spectrometer using a similar technique but with a longer flight path (36 m). The production cross sections of these fragmentation residues were obtained normalizing the measured yields to the secondary beam current (fission fragments) and the beryllium target thickness. Figure 1 shows the measured cross sections of residual nuclei produced in the fragmentation of Sn with a beryllium target. As expected, this two step reaction scheme leads to the production of very neutron-rich medium-mass fragments. Indeed, we have observed for the first time Mass number 115 120 125 130 ( m b )


WIDE World,the core thought of which is "Teaching and Learning for Understanding",is an innovative professional development program based at Harvard Graduate School of Education.It emphasizes the important role of understanding in the study.This paper introduces the origins of the program and three operate modes of which by introducing cases,then analyzes its characteristics,and puts forward some practical suggestions according to the reality of China.Since it is a successful and mature teacher training program,we can draw lessons from it.


The subject of the research is the development of competencies for democratic culture in the digital age through the analysis of youth media culture. The aim of the research is that on the basis of the obtained results adequate solutions to the problem of media influence on the culture of communication and culture in general among young people can be proposed, and theoretically to determine how much the media influence the culture of communication and the development of youth awareness. young people. The paper concludes that the surveyed group of teenagers, 300 of them from Belgrade high schools, mostly watch television and follow an entertainment program, that the media in Serbia promote violence and hate speech, and that most of them enrich their language and culture of expression using electronic media, not a book. The results obtained confirm that the media, as they are today, have a very negative impact on the language culture and the culture of behavior of young people in general.


It is shown that the analytic properties of the temporal complex degree of coherence γ(τ) in the complex time plane (τ complex) impose a relationship between|γ(τ)| and arg γ(τ) on the real time axis. This relationship involves, in general, the location of the zeros of the degree of coherence in the lower half of the complex τ plane. It is suggested that the analytic continuation of the temporal degree of coherence of many spectral distributions has no zeros at all in this half plane. The spectral profiles of such distributions could be uniquely determined from measurements of|γ(τ)| alone. This possibility is of interest in connection with Michelson's well-known method of visibility curves. It is also of interest in connection with the recently proposed correlation and coincidence techniques (employing square-law detection) for determining narrow spectral profiles, such as those found in the output from an optical maser.


Concisely summarized the gap of the formulation of standards on agrochemical residue limit by domestic and international,surveying the testing methods research on the remnant of organophosphate pesticide, organochlo-rine pesticide and pyrethroid in Chinese herbal medicine. By comparing it with the international standard,it presents the problem that the Chinese herbal medicine has faced,developing trendcy and solution.


In this contribution it is argued that the textual history of the Greek Life of Adam and Eve is characterized as much by omissions as by additions. Moreover, the literary arguments that are commonly used in the text-critical debate on the priority of a longer or shorter reading have proved to be useless. The most primitive text should be established on purely text critical, stemmatic grounds. Only then can a copyist's or editor's motivations for having apparently added or omitted a specific passage be recovered.


The experiment diets were basal diet with seven kind of Beta-glucans(0.075%B1-B6,0.200%B7), Basal diet was the control. Litopenaeus vannamei(body weight 0.062±0.007 g) were triplicately fed on the diets for 33 days.The results show that the 7 kinds of Beta-glucans differently improved the survival,growth and non-specific immunity. The B5 was the optimal.Its survival rate and relative body weight gain were 72.0% and (802.4%) which were significantly higher than those of the control(P0.05).The lysozyme activities of muscle and hepatopancreas of B5 group were 0.09 U and 0.10 U which were significantly higher than that of the control(0.03 U and 0.04 U,P0.01).The antibacterial activities of muscle and hepatopancreas of B5 group were (0.45) U and (0.34) U which were significantly higher than that of the control(0.21 U and 0.18 U,P0.01). The superoxide dismutase acivities (SOD) of head of B5 group was 44.7 NU/mg pro.which was significantly higher than that of the control(12.8 NU/mg pro.,P0.01).


Adverse drug reactions between chemicals and diseases make chemical-disease relations (CDR) become a research focus. In this paper, we present a chemical-induced disease (CID) relation extraction system, CIDExtractor, to extract CID relations from biomedical literature. CIDExtractor first employs a sentence-level classifier to extract the CID relations located in the same sentence. To construct the classifier, a sentence-level training set is manually annotated and then Co-Training algorithm is used to exploit the unlabeled data with the feature kernel and graph kernel as two independent views. Then CIDExtractor uses a document-level classifier to extract the CID relations spanning multiple sentences. The classifier utilizes the document level information (features) of the chemical and disease pair. Finally, some post-processing rules are applied to the union set of two classifiers and generate the final outputs. Experimental results on the test set of BioCreative V CDR CID subtask show that CIDExtractor can achieve better performance (an F-score of 67.72%) than the state-of-the-art methods. The online CIDExtractor demonstration system is available at http://184.108.40.206:8888/cdr-dut-ir/cid.html.


Oxygen vacancy behaviors in Ni-doped barium strontium titanate (BST) ceramics have been observed through thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements up to 200°C. The set of observations confirmed that the vacancies drift due to a high electric field at an elevated temperature to pile up under the cathode electrode and the initial complex defects of acceptor, NiTi′′, and donor, VO••, are separated from each other forming a forward-biased pn junction. It is also revealed that the oxygen vacancies are newly generated at the anode area either if the ceramic surface is roughened or if a catalytic electrode such as Pt is attached.


Several new dental morphotypes of rays had been recognised in the screening residues of Toarcian sediments from French, Belgian and Luxembourg localities in the Paris Basin, attributed to new taxa and set in the new family Archaeobatidae, together with a Pliensbachian tooth from the Kayenta Formation (North America). New morphological illustrations are provided, and some phylogenetical and palaeogeographical hypotheses are considered.


This article explores two political discourses—composite culture and cosmopolitanism—as divergent, indeed competing, modes of advocating cultural pluralism. The first part of the article considers the genealogy of each construct and explores the theoretical differences between the two. The second part turns to the question of how composite culture and cosmopolitanism are configured in narrative terms in recent works of fiction and film. The primary focus is on Hindi author Manzoor Ahtesham's 1986 novel Sukha Bargad (A Dying Banyan in English translation). The novel illustrates the withering of composite culture from the perspective of a brother and sister growing up in post-Independence Bhopal. To provide a comparative framework, two recent works of Anglophone fiction are drawn into the discussion: Aravind Adiga's novel White Tiger (2008) and Vikas Swarup's novel Q & A, the basis for the movie Slumdog Millionaire. These texts may be read as critiques of cosmopolitanism from the subaltern position. The article asks whether composite culture and cosmopolitanism remain relevant in neo-liberalized India, while also calling for further research on these issues using literary texts in Hindi and Urdu.


EN ABSTRACT. We show that normalized currents of integration along the common zeros of random m-tuples of sections of powers of m singular Hermitian big line bundles on a compact Kmanifold distribute asymptotically to the wedge product of the curvature currents of the metrics. If the Hermitian metrics are Hwith singularities we also estimate the speed of convergence.


The invention discloses a fastening connection mechanism for connection of a box cover and a box body of a distribution box. The fastening connection mechanism comprises a fastening base, a fastener and a fixing element and is characterized in that the fastening base is a columnar body; a centre hole is formed along a middle axis of the columnar body; the wall of the centre hole is provided with a connecting mechanism connected with the fastener; the external wall of the columnar body of the fastening base is matched with the internal wall of a mounting hole of the fastening base on the distribution box; the fixing element is used for fixing the fastening base in the mounting hole of the fastening base on the box body; the fastener is used for the fastening connection of the box cover and the box body of the box by passing through an insert hole of the box cover and then connecting and fastening with the connection structure in the fastening base. According to the fastening connection mechanism disclosed by the invention, the mould structure of the box body can be greatly simplified only by opening one set of small flexible connection mechanism mould to further produce a flexible connection mechanism, and the production efficiency of the box bodies on a large scale can be effectively improved.


This supplement is dedicated to my dear Professor Dr. Anna‐Mary Carpenter who retired on August 1,1987 after 50 years of active teaching. Her scientific career started in 1938 at the University of Pittsburgh where she was a member of the Pathology Department at the Children's Hospital until 1954 when she joined the Anatomy Department at the University of Minnesota. She became Full Professor in 1963 and remained in that position until 1982, becoming then Professor Emerita. She also served as Professor of Pathology at Indiana University, Northwest Center since 1980, and has lived in Indiana since 1982.


Piezoelectric ceramics with zero temperature coefficients of radial mode resonance frequencies were developed. The chemical formula of these ceramics is (Pb0.91(La1-αNdα)0.08)(Ti0.92Mn0.02In0.06)O3. In the ceramic system, the temperature coefficient varies from -25×10-6/°C to +40×10-6/°C as the molar ratio of Nd changes from 0 to 1. When α=0.5, the temperature coefficient is less than 1×10-6/°C over the temperature range -10 to +50°C. The electromechanical coupling factor of radial mode is 0.1; mechanical quality factor is 1400; and dielectric constant ε33T is 225.


The invention discloses a two-stage data compression and decompression method on the basis of orthogonal wavelet packet transformation and a rotating door algorithm. Data compression comprises the following steps of: (1) carrying out orthogonal wavelet packet transformation on original data to obtain a wavelet packet coefficient; (2) carrying out threshold processing on the wavelet packet coefficient obtained in the step (1); and (3) carrying out secondary compression on the wavelet packet coefficient subjected to threshold processing by adopting the rotating door algorithm. Compressed data is stored into a historical database or a disk. Decompression on the compressed data comprises the following steps of: (4) carrying out linear interpolation on the compressed data and recovering to obtain primary compressed data; and (5) carrying out wavelet packet reconstitution on the primary compressed data to obtain the original data. The invention solves the problem of difficulty in compressing a nonstationary analog signal in a large-scale real-time database and provides the data compression and decompression method which is simple to implement, has a high data compression ratio and has an obvious compressing effect on the nonstationary analog signal.


Biographic literature of leaders in the new ages has achieved a new height both ideologically and aesthetically,and characterized by three points: their life as a leader in the political and cultural background,their life as persons who have lovers,friends and relatives,and the unique perspective to capture the details of their life.


The invention discloses a filtering device and a pressure system capable of continuously working. The device comprises a first pressure sensor used for detecting first pressure at the input end of the pressure system, a second pressure sensor used for detecting second pressure at the output end of the pressure system, filtering channel opening and closing devices arranged on filtering channels respectively and a controller, wherein the filtering channel opening and closing devices are used for opening or closing any filtering channel under the control of the controller, and only one filtering channel is opened at a period of time; the controller is used for calculating the difference between the first pressure and the second pressure, when the difference reaches a preset threshold, the currently opened filtering channel is closed, and the other filtering channel in the at least two parallel filtering channels is opened. When a filter element is replaced, a hydraulic or pneumatic system does not need to be paused, normal operation of the system is not affected, work efficiency is improved, and damage to equipment is reduced.


The article discussed some personal characteristics of primary school-age children non-allergic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, chronic rhinitis). The results of longitudinal studies of children with this diagnosis are presented.


In the recent years there has been an increasing request of network services like distributed caching, VPN creation or remote process control. However, the possibility of exploiting this kind of services is not widespread and in some cases a long time is required to achieve the most appropriate setup. In fact, while traditional Service Providers just had to supply connectivity to the network, the services they offer nowadays are much more focused around the end-user. This trend has brought the research toward the design of new interaction models between users and providers, moving from a "one-size-fit-all" service to a variety of possible services, each with specific needs in terms of quality and availability. It is clear, therefore, that in such scenario users will need to "negotiate" with next generation providers the specific features of the advanced service instance they are interested in. In this context, we believe that active networks can play a fundamental role. This paper presents a framework for the provisioning and management of network services based on the active network technology. In particular we will focus our attention on the design of a novel paradigm for the provisioning of VPN services. A discussion about the solutions we envisage to allow remote network configuration and management will also be provided.


Members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are obliged to implement the Agreement on Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights 1994 (TRIPS) which establishes minimum standards for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Almost two decades after TRIPS was adopted at the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, it is widely accepted that intellectual property systems in developing and least-developed countries must be consistent with, and serve, their development needs and objectives. In adopting the Development Agenda in 2007, the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) emphasised the importance to developing and least-developed countries of being able to obtain access to knowledge and technology and to participate in collaborations and exchanges with research and scientific institutions in other countries. Access to knowledge, information and technology is crucial if creativity and innovation is to be fostered in developing and least-developed countries. It is particularly important that developing and least-developed countries give effect to their TRIPS obligations by implementing intellectual property systems and adopting intellectual property management practices that enable them to benefit from knowledge flows and support their engagement in international research and science collaborations. However, developing and least-developed countries did not participate in the deliberations leading to the adoption in 2004 by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries of the Ministerial Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding, nor have they formulated policies on access to publicly funded research outputs such as those developed by the National Institutes of Health in the United States, the United Kingdom Research Councils or the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. These issues are considered from the viewpoint of Malaysia, a developing country whose economy has grown strongly in recent years. Lacking an established policy covering access to the outputs of publicly funded research, data sharing and licensing practices continue to be fragmented. Obtaining access to research data requires arrangements to be negotiated with individual data owners and custodians. Given the potential for restrictions on access to impact negatively on scientific progress and development in Malaysia, measures are required to ensure that access to knowledge and research results is facilitated. This paper proposes a policy framework for Malaysia's public research universities that recognises intellectual property rights while enabling the open access to research data that is essential for innovation and development. It also considers how intellectual property rights in research data can be managed in order to give effect to the policy's open access objectives.


Presently, our country community health service marched into the start development crucial phase, but in our country community health service occurrence, the developing process still has the basic problem which some people cared about. The article from the economic angle, in has analyzed the community health service economic policy, the community health service organic composition of capital and in people's hygienic latent demand these three aspect foundation, went see a doctor and the entire national hygienic total expense research to the inhabitant has carried on the discussion and the ponder.


The authors report from of a large Asian, multicenter database demonstrates the usefulness of allocating resources to data collection on medical procedures being completed in the general population. This manuscript by itself is certainly not conclusive of the benefits of cilostazol in decreasing restenosis in the superficial femoral artery. At a minimum, however, this manuscript coupled with the large and growing body of cilostazol literature from Asia raises the potential for re-evaluating the procedural anti-platelet therapy provided to patients after percutaneous procedures from various ethnic origins. This well-done retrospective analysis does appear to demonstrate some benefit for cilostazol especially in the historically problematic patients such as those with small vessel size, diabetes, etc. It is interesting that the use of this medication in recent coronary stent patients has reported an increased platelet effect of clopidogrel when used in conjunction with cilostazol, as well as decreased restenosis in the diabetic population [1,2]. Literature in the stroke population demonstrates significantly less intracerebral hemorrhage of cilostazol compared to aspirin therapy [3]. Coupled with an increasing body of literature questioning the efficacy of aspirin [4] in the prevention of untoward atherosclerotic effects one certainly would wonder if there should be a prospective, blinded, randomized trial comparing cilostazol to aspirin in combination with clopidogrel. Already there is some data demonstrating superiority of cilostazol to aspirin in preventing thrombosis in coronary stenting [5]. There are however several hurdles to deal with. First, cilostazol is available generically and there would be little likelihood that funding would be made available. Second, cilostazol is associated with intolerance of the full dose medication in up to 20% of patients so patient compliance may be problematic. Finally, the improving results seen for the bare metal stents as evidenced by the RESILENT trial and even further improved by the drug coated stent Zilver PTX trial and drug-coated balloon thunder trials may appear to decrease the need for changing our antiplatelet regime. However, if we consider the cost of any restenosis, bleeding complications, etc., then the small increase in cost of utilizing cilostazol may be well worth it. Now will anyone in the United States pay to find out?


Electrochemical Dip-Pen Nanolithography (EDPN) is a new SPM Lithography technique that uses the system of tip – condensed water meniscus – surface as a tiny electrolyte cell to directly "write" metallic features on the surfaces. We discussed the factors that may affect the EDPN. The effects of humidity and applied voltage were investigated.


2. Summary of Recent Advances The complexity of biological systems is a source of both endless fascination and frustration. Improving the methods to isolate and visualize species of interest from biological mixtures is often the most well-recognized contribution at the chemistry-biology interface. By the clever combination of two well known phenomena – a set of simple exothermic reactions known as click chemistry, and a set of biologically inert tags known as bioorthogonal labels – a powerful new analytical technique known as bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) has been developed. This technique allows for direct analysis of the proteome at the translational level, thus capturing the increasingly important details of post-translational modification. BONCAT is robust, extensible, customizable, and highly optimized; it promises to become one of the most widely used analytical techniques in proteomics.


This paper analyzes the definition,content,process and requirement of enterprise knowledge management,then concludes that the share of knowledge and information of different enterprises and different areas is the sticking point of today's knowledge management.New IT technologies should be adapted for the requirement of enterprise knowledge management.With the Web services' mature,it makes knowledge management for global distribution enterprise become possible and convenient.A Web service based framework model for knowledge management system is given in this paper.And a case is presents to illustrate the application of the proposed model.


ABSTRACT The South Georgia Basin is the southernmost and largest of the East Coast Newark Series rift basins. However, it does not exhibit the typical asymmetric half graben or paired half graben structure of the other Newark Series basins. Rather, the South Georgia Basin is a series of synrift grabens with intervening structural highs. An integrated study utilizing LandSat, gravity, magnetic and seismic data was completed to further understand the structural complexity of the basement structure and its relationship to the overlying rift graben. The findings are: The pre-existing basement fabric is different from the other Newark Series basins due to its Gondwana underpinnings. Rift basin geometry is controlled by pre-existing zones of weakness in the basement fabric. Rift basin depths range from -1,250 m (-4,100 feet) to -6,100 m (-20,000 feet). Synrift and postrift sediment thicknesses range from 335 m (1,100 feet) to 4,270 m (14,000 feet), respectively. Evidence of structural inversion and diabase intrusives associated with rifting and with post-rifting tectonic events are seen on seismic data. The central basin, where the rift fill is thickest [>1525 m (5,000 ft)], covers an area of 12,140 square kilometers (three million acres).


Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger responsible for a multitude of cellular responses. In this study, we utilized (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as an artificial receptor with a hydrophobic cavity to elucidate the inclusion kinetics of cAMP in a hydrophobic environment using the ultrasonic relaxation method. The results revealed that the interaction of cAMP with β-CD followed a single relaxation curve as a result of host-guest interactions. The inclusion of cAMP into the β-CD cavity was found to be a diffusion-controlled reaction. The dissociation of cAMP from the β-CD cavity was slower than that of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). The syn and anti glycosyl conformations of adenine nucleotides are considered to play an important role in formation of the inclusion complex. Taken together, our findings indicate that hydrophobic interactions are involved in the inclusion complex formation of cAMP with β-CD and provide insight into the interactions of cAMP with cAMP-binding proteins.


The propagation of HF radio waves along field-aligned ionization gradients along geomagnetic shells L = 3.5 and L = 1.6 was investigated with airborne equipment at the southern conjugate points. Both pulse travel time and Doppler shift techniques were employed to detect these magnetospheric signals and to differentiate them from signals propagated via the ionosphere. By means of the Doppler shift technique, a signal component was detected that had the frequency shift predicted for magnetospheric propagation. This signal was estimated to have a transmission loss considerably greater than that for ionospheric propagation.


An Environmental Radiochemical Speciation Analysis Code(ERSAC) using the thermodynamic data of elements in water solution,based on the concentration of a radionuclide in a waster system,seeking the possible species of the radionuclide produced by various chemical reactions in the water system and the related equilibrium coefficients of different species,calculates the possible species of the radionuclide and their equilibrium concentrations and provides a speciation profile of the radionuclide in the water system.This paper presents the calculation result of the solubility of neptunium(Ⅵ) in Beishan well 51# groundwater and the influences of pH and groundwater compositions on the solubility using an environmental radiochemical speciation analysis code CHEMSPEC which is developed by the Nuclear Environmental Chemistry Group of Peking University.Our calculation indicates that pH and total carbonate concentration do affect the solubility of neptunium while the sulfate concentration and chloride concentration don't.The solubility range of neptunium(Ⅵ) in Beishan well 51# groundwater is from 1.1×10-5 to 4.4×10-3 mol/L.


Abstract: [3H]Dopamine uptake and [3H]cocaine binding sites were studied in primary cultures of ventral mesencephalon from 14‐day‐old rat embryos. Specific binding sites for [3H]cocaine and [3H]mazindol were detected only in intact cell cultures of ventral mesencephalon, and were absent in sonicated, washed membranes prepared from these cell cultures. [3H]Cocaine was not taken up by the cells through an active transport process because [3H]cocaine binding occurred also at 4°C. Moreover, the possibility of [3H]cocaine entering the cells by passive diffusion and ion trapping was also excluded because extensive washing failed to remove [3H]cocaine from the cells. [3H]Cocaine binding was reduced to 6% of control when cells were permeabilized with streptolysin O (0.2 U/ml, 5 min). Taken together, these results suggest that in cultured mesencephalic neurons, [3H]cocaine may enter the cell by passive diffusion and then be sequestered by a cytosolic compartment that is lost in the process of permeabilization or sonication and washing of membrane preparations. Permeabilization of cultured neurons failed to alter the storage of [3H]dopamine. When cells were permeabilized with streptolysin O (0.2 U/ml; 5 min) after [3H]dopamine was taken up, [3H]dopamine was retained by the cells and did not leak into the incubation medium, indicating that [3H]dopamine was stored in sites that could not pass through the perforated membranes. In contrast, [3H]dopamine uptake into already permeabilized cells was reduced by 33%, suggesting that a cytosolic protein that had leaked out may play a functional role in the uptake process. In contrast to striatal membrane preparations of adult rats, [3H]cocaine binding in intact mesencephalic cell cultures was Na+ independent. The expression of [3H]dopamine uptake and [3H]cocaine binding sites appeared to be developmentally linked to neuritic outgrowth, supporting the view that cocaine binding sites may be closely associated with the dopamine transporter.


This paper introduces quality of services multicast routing by using intelligent algorithm. Its main objective is to construct a multicast tree that optimizes a multi objective function with respect to performance-related constraints (Short path, delay, packet loss). The proposed algorithm can be divided into two steps: firstly, the multicast tree selection algorithm is based on shortest path; secondly, to find routes with two or more QoS parameters.


Objective To study the effect of surgical treatment of primary tracheal tumor.Methods The data of 18 patients with primary tumor of trachea resected at PUMC Hospital from March 2001 to October 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.There were 14 cases of sleeve tracheal resection,3 cases of local enucleation,1 case of carina reconstruction.2 patients underwent operation under cardiopulmonary bypass.Results Among the 18 cases,there were 7 adenoid cystic carcinomas,3 neurilemmomas,2 hamartomas,1 squamous cell carcinoma,1 myofibroblastoma,1 pleomorphic adenoma,1 anaplatsic large-cell lymphoma,1 lymphoepitheloid carcinoma,and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma.All the patients recovered and their symptoms were alleviated obviously.Conclusions Surgery is the most effective treatment for primary tracheal tumor.The operation mode should be selected individually according to the patient's condition.Both complete resection and safety should be considered.


Setting oral histories conducted with a group of female Christian migrants to East London from various backgrounds and different stages in the life cycle alongside interviews with male migrants and non-migrant women, this article seeks to explore the relationship between gender, mainstream religious affiliation and the negotiation of the migratory experience. Informed by mimetic and feminist theory on religious subjectivities, the article focuses on the preoccupation with sacrifice and healing which emerges from these life stories and highlights the ways in which the emotional realities of pain, separation and suffering also give rise to powerfully reconceptualised, individual faith resources and creative strategies for claiming agency within familial, vocational and religious settings. Through a focus on domestic life, work and church leadership within 'mainstream' Christian churches, this article complicates assumptions about the nature and historical trajectory of 'traditional' religious organisations, and interweaves migrant women's experience closely with that of other members of their church communities. Through these 'moving stories', gender forms an integral part of these women's spiritual narratives and is constitutive of their articulation and negotiation of their faith, migration and inculturation.


Clipping function is one of the fundamental functions in Geographic Information System.The efficiency of clipping function can greatly affect the overall performance of data processing in GIS application,especially when clipping large vector data.This paper proposes a new clipping computing model to effectively fulfill the clipping function for different types of clipped layers according to their different attribute and geometry characteristic,such as point,line,polygon,multi-point,multi-line,multi-polygon and so on.This clipping computing model consists of the following three steps: first of all,using clip-layer's Minimum Bounding Rectangle to select features from clipped-layer,where the features must intersect with or within the clip-layer's Minimum Bounding Rectangle;secondly,using Feature ID to build revised quad-tree index for the clip-layer features;lastly,using thread-pool to fulfill clip computing in parallel.A performance test was carried out using four different vector data layers.The result shows that the performance of clipping function based on this clipping computing model is as efficient as the one fulfilled in ESRI's ArcGIS 10.0.CPU-intensive is one drawback of the implementation of this model at its current form.


The purpose of this study is to present an identification method of initial wave of the Tsunami. The tsunami inflicts enormous damage on the wide area. It is important to investigate how to reduce the damage of tsunami. In order to reduce the damage, the understanding the behavior of tsunami is important. However, it is very difficult to observe the initial wave of tsunami. Initial wave can be identified by solving the backward analysis which is based on the observed water elevation. Therefore in this research, initial condition of the tsunami is assimilated using the adjoint equation method. We introduce the performance function for the assimilation index. The performance function is defined by the square sum of the discrepancy between the computed and the observed water elevation on the observation points. The extended performance function is derived by adding inner products between the Lagrange multipliers and the state equations to the performance function. The first-order adjoint equation can be derived by the condition that the first variation of the extended performance function should be zero. The weighted gradient method is employed as the minimization method. We can derive the gradient to update the computed initial water elevation by solving the adjoint equations. Behavior of the tsunami can be expressed by the shallow water equation, which in case of the horizontally domain is much broader than the water depth. The finite element method based on the liner interpolation is adapted as the spatial discretaization and the two step explicit scheme is adapted as the temporal discretaization. In this study, the initial wave shape of the water elevation is identified by the presented theory. As the verification, we carried out an identification of the sinusoidal wave in simple rectangular model.


Collagen I and III are the major matrix proteins in dermis and consist of proline and lysine, which are hydroxylated by prolyl hydoxylase (PH) and lysyl hydroxylase with cofactors such as ascorbic acid, oxygen, iron (Fe2+), ketoglutarate and silicon. In this study, we investigated the effect of various nutrients, such as ascorbic acid, silicon and iron on mRNA and protein expressions of prolyl hydroxylase (PH). When the physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid (0–100μM), silicon (0–50μM) and iron (Fe2+: 0–50μM) were treated at human dermal fibroblast cells(HS27 cells) for 3 days, silicon and iron had no effect on the mRNA expression of PH. However the mRNA expression of PH was highly increased by 1700% with 5 μM ascorbic acid for 3 days, and furthermore, the protein expression of PH was increased by 160 % with 100 μM ascorbic acid for 3 days. In contrast with the effect on the mRNA expression, the protein expression of PH was increased by 230 % with 5–50 μM of iron for 3 days. Taken together, our data demonstrate that of several nutrients which function as cofactors in proline hydroxylation, iron is the most effective as the protein expression of PH was increased with all of physiological concentrations. Ascorbic acid is the second best as protein expression of PH was increased only with 100 μM. Silicon had no effect on mRNA and protein expressions of PH.


AbstractThis article presents preliminary findings of what challenges Indian organizations face when working with generation Z intrapreneurs. Organization will grow at a faster pace if the decision...


This study focuses on the strategic region of the Persian Gulf and its oil resources, the US energy policy, and the Iraq War as a case in point. It refers to the importance of the Persian Gulf oil in the US policies and the US geopolitical practices to launch conflicts and wars in the post-Cold War era that scholars have categorized as "resource wars." Reviewing relevant studies has revealed that amongst the natural resources oil as the most vital commodity has always played a major role in wars and conflicts. These studies also emphasized that access to oil reservoirs in the Persian Gulf as well as control of these resources have been vital to the United States because it answers the country's domestic needs, supporting oil companies, and controlling its rivals to preserve its hegemonic leadership.


Field and laboratory studies were conducted over a 2-year period to confirm a suspected failure mechanism in a flight critical electrical connector. The connector involved the combination of gold-plated sockets mated to solder-plated pins in a 6 pin, circular military connector. The suspected failure mechanism was fretting corrosion. A second objective was to evaluate the effects of a MIL-L-87177A lubricant on this combination. This lubricant was being considered as a potential field "fix" on systems already deployed (and potentially in a degraded state) in the field. Flight tests confirmed the rapid degradation of an unlubricated population of samples. This occurred in all environments studied including two that were considered noncorrosive. The mechanism was confirmed to be fretting corrosion. Parallel flight tests on lubricated hardware demonstrated the ability of a lubricant to delay the onset of fretting corrosion for at least 1 but less than 2 years. Laboratory tests confirmed that vibration was the major stress, which was responsible for the degradation of this system. Lubrication effectiveness was confirmed to delay but not totally prevent fretting corrosion. Finally, it was demonstrated that lubrication was effective in restoring a degraded system.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Exotic Phases of Hard-core Bosons with Correlated Hopping KAI P. SCHMIDT, JULIEN DORIER, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland, ANDREAS LAEUCHLI, Institut Romand de Recherche Numerique en Physique des Materiaux (IRRMA), Lausanne, Swizterland, FREDERIC MILA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland — We investigate the interplay of correlated hopping and repulsive interactions for hard-core bosons on a square lattice using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The first part of this contribution is on a remarkable low-density pairing phase. While for non interacting hard-core bosons the effective attraction induced by the correlated hopping leads to phase separation at low density, we show that a nearest-neighbor repulsion suppresses phase separation, leading to a low-density pairing phase with no single particle Bose-Einstein condensation but long-range two-particle correlations, signalling a condensation of pairs. The second part of this contribution targets at the physics at higher densities. Here, the most important question is the possible existence of a supersolid phase in such a model with correlated hopping. [1] K.P. Schmidt, J. Dorier, A. Laeuchli, and F. Mila, Phys. Rev. B 74, 174508 (2006). Kai P. Schmidt Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland Date submitted: 21 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


This thesis deals about driving restrictions for heavy goods vehicles, which restricts the supply to the SKODA AUTO a.s. company factory. The theoretical part defines important terms of the European Agreement concerning the work crews. There is also description of a shopping logistics and ABC analysis. In the practical part is elaborated analysis of the main suppliers for the SKODA SUPERB of third generations. The results of the analysis were used for the suggestion part of the bachelor thesis.


The purpose of this study was to verify whether honesty, as measured by a situational judgment test format and a Likert-type rating scale, differs in its effect on different criteria. The criteria used in this study were moral disengagement, task performance, context performance, and counterproductive work behavior. Data from 721 employees (male=46.65%, female=53.95%) were used in the analysis. Honesty was measured in two ways: a situational judgment test format and a Likert-type rating scale. The results of the correlation coefficients showed that honesty was more highly correlated with moral disengagement, task performance, and contextual performance when measured by the situational judgment test than when measured by the Likert-type scale. When analyzing the structural equation model, it was found that the overall fit indices of the model were better when honesty was measured in a situational judgment format than when it was measured in a Likert-type scale.


Review(s) of: The Vulnerable Country: Australia and the Global Economy, by Tom Conley, University of New South Wales Press; Australian, Institute of International Affairs, 2009, ISBN: 978 1 74223 012 2.


Dr Wei-fen Chen, Post-doc Fellow at the Institute, offers insights on business strategy targeting young consumers in emerging markets in light of their social mobility experiences. This Brief discusses the identities and consumption habits of young consumers from China through their continuous interests in pursuing higher degrees overseas, which implies upward as well as outbound mobility.


The complexation of the dithiocarbazate ion (DTCA−) with various metal ions, viz., Sn(II)/(IV), Bi(III), Sb(III), U(VI), Zr(IV), Th(IV), Al(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) was investigated. Most of the complexes were hexa-coordinated with the exception of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes that were four-coordinated. The biological properties of the metal complexes revealed that in general the complexes of nontransition metals were more effective against microorganisms than those of transition metals. In particular, [Sb(DTCA)Cl2·2H2O] and [Al(DTCA)Cl2·2H2O] were found to have strong antimicrobial activities. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 300 μg/mL was recorded for the above two complexes against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while that against Bacillus cereus was found to be 700 μg/mL. None of the complexes were cytotoxic.


Female and male subjects read one of three scenarios depicting a social-sexual interaction between a man and a woman. The scenarios varied in severity of the stimulus male's behavior according to whether sexual harassment had occurred. Subjects then rated the offensiveness of his behavior and whether it constituted sexual harassment. Subjects also rated the stimulus male's behavior on Weiner's (1986) three basic dimensions of causality: locus of causality, or the perceived cause of the behavior as internal or external; stability, or the likelihood of its recurrence; and controllability, or the amount of volitional influence he exercised during the interaction. Additionally, subjects reported their anger at the target male and sympathy for the target female. Findings generally indicated that for both women and men, as the scenarios increased in severity, these ratings were elevated. Gender comparisons also showed elevations in these ratings for female but not for male subjects, and only in the scenarios of lesser severity. Regression analyses revealed attribution variables—control, stability, and anger—as reliable predictors of perceived offensiveness and harassment in the most severe scenario, whereas affects were the most reliable predictors in scenarios of lesser severity. The implications of these findings for perception of sexual harassment are discussed.


Abstract : As digital system complexities continue to increase, manual design, analysis, and fabrication methods have proved inadequate. Design Automation (DA) is the application of computers (with applicable software) to support designers or technicians in the design, fabrication, testing, and maintenance of a digital system. This report describes the development of a graphics work station which is intended to function as an Input/Output (I/O) processor in support of the Data Automation effort at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). This study focused on the requirements definition and design of the graphics workstation. Five I/O devices were acquired during this effort and were to be controlled by an M6800 microprocessor. A graphics generator was acquired to produce, store, and refresh the graphics display, freeing the microprocessor to collect and process other data. The hardware and software designs were completed and the hardware which was acquired was interfaced to the M6800. The present configuration of the M6800 EXORciser system prohibited the implementation of the graphics software, however, the device drivers were implemented and tested during this effort. Test software was generated and used to demonstrate the features of the system.


Background/aim Acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mostly due to cardiovascular complications. Plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen levels are associated with coagulation/fibrinolysis and inflammation. Plasma TAFI may play a role in arterial thrombosis in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen and homocysteine levels in patients with acromegaly and healthy control subjects. Materials and methods Plasma TAFI antigen and homocysteine levels in 29 consecutive patients with acromegaly and 26 age-matched healthy control subjects were measured. All patients included in the study were in remission. The TAFIa/ai antigen in the plasma samples was measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Results Routine biochemical parameters, fasting blood glucose, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, total-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and homocysteine levels were similar in the 2 groups (P > 0.05), whereas the plasma TAFI antigen levels were significantly elevated in the acromegalic patients (154.7 ± 94.0%) when compared with the control subjects (107.2 ± 61.6%) (P = 0.033). No significant correlation was identified by Pearson's correlation test between the plasma TAFI antigen and homocysteine levels (r = 0.320, P = 0.250). Conclusion A significant alteration in the plasma TAFI antigen levels was detected in acromegaly. Increased plasma TAFI antigen levels might aggravate prothrombotic and thrombotic events in patients with acromegaly.


Not all challenges to orthodox belief come from outside evangelical circles. Sometimes individuals who hold a high view of scripture support unbiblical theological ideas. The recent advocacy of Inclusivism by some evangelicals is a significant example of this problem. To be sure, it is no secret that non-evangelicals have argued for many years that there may be a second chance after death for those who have never heard the gospel, that salvation may be mediated through non-Christian religions, and that God's loving nature precludes the possibility that a majority of the human race is headed for an eternal hell. What is relatively new, and troubling, is that a few key thinkers from traditionally evangelical circles, such as Clark Pinnock, Richard Rice, and John Sanders, have joined them. Though no one of good will can accurately question the motives of these individuals, their arguments for Inclusivism are faulty on methodological, theological, and practical grounds. It is clear that these thinkers believe that their views will lead to more compassionate evangelism, but, sadly, this goal in reality is undermined by their own theological position.


We compare two derivations of a popular formula for the tidal despinning rate, and emphasise that both are strongly limited to the case of a vanishing inclination and a certain (sadly, unrealistic) law of frequency-dependence of the quality factor. One method is based on the MacDonald torque, the other on the Darwin torque. Fortunately, the second approach is general enough to accommodate both a finite inclination and the actual rheology.


A non-coherent constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector based on survival analysis (SA) using multiple observations is proposed for small targets in Rayleigh- and K-distributed background. This study is the first attempt to apply SA in field of target detection. The motivation of SA for target detection is introduced and the scheme of SA detector is established. The proposed detector is demonstrated to maintain CFAR property with respect to the Rayleigh parameter in Rayleigh-distributed background and the scale parameter in K-distributed background by simulations. Performance results show that the SA detector outperforms the traditional CFAR detector based on binary integration in both Rayleigh- and K-distributed backgrounds for the Marcum and Swerling II targets, indicating that the proposed detector is preferred for the detection of fast fluctuating targets in spiky background.


* The One-Dimensional Electron Gas * Materials * The Charge Density Wave Transition and Ground State: Mean Field Theory and Some Basic Observations * The Spin Density Wave Transition and Ground State: Mean Field Theory and Some Basic Observations * Fluctuation Effects * Collective Excitations * Commensurability and Near Commensurability Effects * The Interaction Between Density Waves and Impurities * The Electrodynamics of Density Waves * Nonlinear Transport * Current Oscillations and Interference Effects in Driven Charge Density Wave Condensates


Since the publication of our tentative chart of early settlements in Syria and Palestine,' new evidence has been reported, with the result that some portions of this chart have become obsolete and need revision. Dr. Patty Jo Watson's suggested cultural synchronisms for Northern Syria and Northern Mesopotamia 2 are so close to our own views that, on the whole, the general picture must be reliable. However, more work is needed to fill in a detailed picture of cultural development. For instance, Dr. Jean Perrot is probably right in his statement that Tell Shuneh I and basal Beth-shan are later than Jericho VIII/Pottery Neolithic B, against our own opinion that they were contemporary; 3 this sequence brings in a series of minor alterations in the chart.


Across seven studies (N = 9,028), we provide evidence that quantity requests, wherein people consider multiple choice options of how much to donate (e.g., $5, $10, or $15), increase contributions compared to open-ended requests. Specifically, quantity requests encourage greater donations (Study 1), even when respondents can passively choose not to donate (Study 2) and even when the donation is directed toward a less popular cause (Study 3). This increase in donations holds for quantity requests that start with both lower (e.g., $1) or higher (e.g., $10) donation amount options (Study 4). Quantity requests also outperform other requests with multiple non-quantity donation options (e.g., multiple options of when to donate or to which charity branch to direct a donation; Study 5). We offer evidence that quantity requests are effective because they simplify donation decisions by communicating normative donation magnitudes (Studies 6-7). This clarified norm of donation magnitude boosts donation rates, which in turn leads to greater total donations. Our findings offer new conceptual insights into how quantity requests increase contributions as well as practical implications for charitable organizations to optimize contributions by leveraging the use of quantity requests.


Wheat and barley are ranked the second and fifth most important crops in terms of dry matter production. Both of them are classified as glycophytes, and their production is strongly affected by soil salinity. Thus, given the extent of land salinization in the world and predicted population growth to 9.3 billion by 2050, creating salt tolerant wheat and barley germplasm remains one of highest priorities for breeders.
Salinity tolerance is a complex physiological trait composed of numerous sub-traits controlled by multiple regulatory pathways. Until now, most studies were focused on traits related to sodium, such as `Na^+` exclusion from uptake, control of xylem `Na^+` loading, `Na^+` retrieval from the shoot or vacuolar Na+ sequestration. However, it is not `Na^+` but the `K^+``/Na^+` ratio in the cytosol that ultimately determines plant performance under saline conditions. In recent years, `K^+` retention in root mature zone has emerged as an important component of salt tolerance mechanisms in many plant species. However, whether the importance of cell's ability to maintain `K^+` in plant overall salt tolerance can be extrapolated to other root zones or tissues (e.g. leaves) remained obscure prior to this work. Also elusive remained the essentiality of root `Na^+` exclusion and vacuolar `Na^+` sequestration in various root tissues. Furthermore, the relative contribution of each of the above salt tolerant mechanisms towards the overall salinity tolerance remained unclear, especially at the tissue specific level.


The main characteristics (sensitivity, response time, dynamic range) of a photoconductive detector (PCD) depend on the intrinsic physical (lattice parameter, extended and local defects) and electrical properties (resistivity, mobility, carrier lifetime) of the material. Selection criteria for semi-insulating undoped gallium arsenide (GaAs) were thoroughly examined for their capacity to select the more suitable material for the fabrication of fast PCDs, used in gamma-ray pulse (E∼1.2 MeV, τFWHM=30 ns) metrology. An analytical model, which assumes that carrier recombination takes place through EL2 type recombination centers [M. O. Manasreh and B. C. Covington, Phys. Rev. B 35, 2524 (1987)], was developed. Taking into account the initial physical and electrical properties of the GaAs material, the model accurately predicts the response of the PCDs after a neutron preirradiation step (dose range: 5×1014 to 1×1016 neutrons/cm2), which was used to optimize the PCD characteristics and in particular to reduce the...


1. A method of operating an optical modulator, comprising a semiconductor device having an optical input for receiving the continuous wave coherent light beam having a predetermined capacity, a waveguide for carrying light beam, an electrode connected to an input RF signal and the bias voltage to generate an electric field in the waveguide and modulating the optical beam when the beam passes through the waveguide, and an optical output coupled to the waveguide for carrying the modulated optical signal, the method comprising the steps of: direct coherent light beam continuous wave (cw) to the optical input; ipodayut bias voltage to the electrode so that the coherent light beam optically modulated signal, modulating the absorption characteristic in the semiconductor device so that the waveguide is worked in the absorption region at wavelengths less than the peak wavelength usileniya.2. A method according to Claim. 1 wherein the modulator produces an electrical current from the photovoltaic effect, the current is output or extracted from modulyatora.3. A method according to Claim. 1, which modulate the carrier density along the length of the semiconductor modulator in the direction of the optical beam, thus optically modulating the optical beam of continuous radiation entering the modulator, and the peak wavelength of the gain of the optical signal depending on the wavelength of at least 10 nm greater than the wavelength of the optical beam continuous izlucheniya.4. A method according to Claim. 1 in which a semiconductor device comprising an indium-phosphide semi-


Mr. N.K. Das was born in Assam on December 15, 1952. He studied at St. Edmunds College Shillong, graduating from Guwahati University. Subsequently, he did post graduation in history from Delhi University and obtained M.Sc. in Development Studies from the University of Bath, U.K.
After joining the Indian Administrative Service in 1976, Mr. Das served in the states of Assam and Meghalaya in various capacities, including Commissioner& Secretary Tourism Govt of Assam and Divisional Commissioner of Lower Assam. He was Regional Director of Central Silk Board. Mr. Das served as Chairman cum Managing Director of Assam Tea Corporation, before taking over as the Chairman Tea Board in July 2000


RESULTS: Pregnancies complicated by MS were significantly more likely to result in preterm delivery (16.4%, p50.04), neonates small for gestational age (13.5%, p50.027), and neonatal hypoglycemia (3.3%, p50.022). Postpartum hemorrhage was also more likely though not significantly (6.6%, p50.079). MS was associated with significantly decreased likelihood of gestational diabetes (0.0%, p50.043). Intrauterine fetal demise, neonatal death, deep vein thrombosis, and uterine rupture were absent in this cohort. Maternal length of stay was not significantly longer in pregnancies with MS.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DEVICE FOR INSPECTION INSPECTION OF OBJECT TO DETERMINE IF IT CONTAINS OR NOT FAULT, FAULT, ETC. THE PROBLEM IS TO ALLOW INSPECT SEVERAL DIFFERENT REGIONS OF OBJECT FOLLOWING THE INVENTION, THE DEVICE IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT INCLUDES:. A.A photosensor 1 SURFACE WITH A PHOTO -electric 1A WHO RECEIVES THE IMAGE OF A PART OF THE OBJECT THAT 2 TO INSPECT AND PRODUCT THEREOF, AND ELECTRICAL SIGNAL; bA SECTION detector 3 WHO RECEIVES FROM THE ELECTRICAL SIGNAL FOR photosensor DETERMINE IF THE SUBJECT CONTAINS OR NOT FAULT, FAULT, ETC., the photosensor COMPRISING OPTICAL LENS 1B, 1C IS CAPABLE OF DELIVERING THE SAME TIME IMAGES OF TWO DIFFERENT PARTS 2A, 2B OBJECT ON THE SURFACE CONVERSION PHOTO-ELECTRIC 1A of the photosensor. THE iNVENTION IS MAINLY USED TO INSPECT THE BOTTLE.