A new name, Geranium tanii Aedo & Mufioz Garmendia, is proposed for the illegitimate later homonym Geranium trifoliatum Z. M. Tan. While preparing an index of specific names in Geranium, we encountered a problem concerning nomenclature of the Chinese G. trifoliatum recently described by Tan (1990). Andrews (1805-1806) used this epithet for a South African Geranium now recognized as Pelargonium trifoliatum (Andrews) Sweet (Sweet, 1826). According to Article 53.1 of the Tokyo Code, Tan's name is illegitimate due to later homonymy. Thus, the following name change is n cessary. Geranium tanii Aedo & Mufioz Garmendia, nom. nov. Replaced name: Geranium trifoliatum Z. M. Tan, in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(3): 231. 1990, nom. illeg. Not Andrews (1805). Literature Cited Andrews, H. C. 1805-1806. Geraniums: A Monograph of the Genus Geranium, Vol. 2. Unnumbered plates in alphabetical order. London. Sweet, R. 1824-1826. Geraniaceae, 3. London. Tan, Zhong Ming. 1990. Two new species of Geranium from Sichuan. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(3): 231-235.


The manufacturer of dyes can help the dye user to achieve right-first-time dyeings in a number of ways. Keith Parton looks at some aspects of the manufacturer's role in this area.


Tetrodotoxin is a potent low weight marine toxin found in warm waters, especially of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Intoxications are usually linked to the consumption of the puffer fish, although TTX was already detected in several different edible taxa. Benthic organisms such as mollusks and echinoderms, with different feeding habits, were collected monthly along the Portuguese coast from the summer of 2009 until the end of 2010. The extraction and analysis techniques were optimized and TTX and some analogues were detected for the first time in two intertidal gastropod species—Gibbula umbilicalis and Monodonta lineata by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. Although the levels are low, these findings suggest that monitoring of TTX and analogues in North Atlantic species should be implemented so as to detect potentially new toxin vectors and seasonal and/or geographical patterns.


Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor arising from the adventitial pericytes of the small capillaries. Hemangiopericytomas primarily affect adults and are rare in infants and children. Both genders are equally affected. The most common anatomic locations for hemangiopericytoma are the lower extremity, axilla, pelvis, retroperitoneum, and head and neck. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for hemangiopericytoma. The occurrence of this tumor in the vulva is rare, and to our knowledge we report the first case of a hemangiopericytoma arising from the vulva in Korea


Several models attempting to define spirituality and study its effect on organisational performance have been forwarded by scholars in the past. However, most of these studies suffer from significant conceptual and measurement gaps. Further, studies have argued that non-western societies are better in integrating personal life, work, leisure, prayer, religion and other aspects of one's life. Increasingly scholars have looked at some of the Indian texts to derive richer insights into the understanding of spirituality. Vedas are the earliest written texts in the world and most scholars agree that the text of Vedas is universal in nature and does not cater to any specific religion. Specifically, Chapter 40 of Yajurveda provides rich insights into the understanding of spirituality. The 17 mantras (hymns) of this chapter also form a part of Ishopnishad, an Indian text on philosophy and an expanded understanding of these 17 mantras forms the text of Gita, which provides the basic philosophy that has driven the Indian thinking since its inception. This study attempts to derive a definition of spirituality from these texts and attempts to provide understanding of spirituality in humans. Further, the study introduces a culture blind scale based on the elements derived from these texts. The research design included three broad stages: item generation, scale development, and assessment of scale's psychometric properties. The sample included a cross section of post graduate students of a premier business school in India, cutting across vocations, religions, and personalities. The emerging scale shows robust psychometric properties and is expected to be useful for academics and practitioners alike.


Service capability and matching degree of transfer facilities are directly related to the operational efficiency and safety of a subway station. Owing to differences in planning and construction, the transfer subway stations in developing countries have some defects in facility size and serviceability, which cause a decline in service performance, operation efficiency, and security level. In order to solve the problems, traffic investigations were conducted on the form, size, and operation status of several typical transfer subway facilities. The service facilities were classified within a subway station in this research by considering service objects, service forms, service functions, and several other features. In addition, pedestrian behavior and pedestrian flow characteristics in different service facilities were analyzed in detail. The research results are deemed meaningful for the optimization of service facilities in subway stations and for the development of urban pedestrian transportation systems.


Modern technology increasingly creates new challenges in various professional development and practice. However, in teaching, the mere adoption of new or innovative technology is not enough to meet the students' learning needs and opportunities. Technology alone could not sufficiently bring about the desired changes in students' competencies and behavior. It is the teachers' competencies to integrate ICT in their instructional tasks that can facilitate these desired changes to the maximum level. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for the inclusion of pedagogy and substantial content knowledge based use of ICT in teachers' professional development. In this paper, the author presents a model for integrating ICT in the professional development of teachers in Bangladesh based on the Technology Pedagogy Content Knowledge (TPCK) framework, to address the issue on effective use of ICT in teaching based on two perspectives. Firstly, how the teachers can undertake three different phases of improving their use of technology to facilitate effective instruction. This will be focused on understanding the challenges in the use of ICT in three phases of teachers' professional development in Bangladesh, particularly the pedagogical and contextual (specific subject content) issues concerning prerequisite conditions that ensure the effective use of ICT. Secondly, the paper highlights on conclusive suggestions to implement the proposed model demonstrating the potential benefits to the teachers, trainers, policymakers and other educators who are directly or indirectly accountable for teachers' professional development. Finally it concludes with emerging research issues and pertinent guidelines in the context of Bangladesh.


Competitive, economic, and environmental pressures will place an ever-increasing demand on improving the fuel burn efficiency of future civil aircraft propulsion systems. This chapter presents a perspective on opportunities being investigated by the civil aviation industry to reduce environmental impact, and describes novel engine and propulsor concepts and technologies that present the opportunity to significantly reduce aircraft fuel burn and meet future market expectations and environmental requirements, drawing in particular on examples from the ongoing work and strategy being pursued by Rolls-Royce. The novel features of the Rolls-Royce Trent XWB engine that contributes to its world-leading fuel efficiency are described, before introducing the next generation of Rolls-Royce propulsion system architectures, the Advance and UltraFan™, and the technologies and demonstration programmes that underpin them. Long-term targets require more radical propulsion system solutions, and the chapter discusses some of the most interesting novel concepts being studied by the industry, including heat-exchange cycles, interturbine combustion, pressure-gain combustion, cryo-fuel cycles, and distributed and hybrid/turboelectric propulsion.

Keywords:

Advance;
aircraft propulsion;
cycle optimization;
distributed propulsion;
hybrid-turbo-electric;
intercooling;
inter-turbine and pressure gain combustion;
open rotor;
propulsive efficiency;
thermal efficiency;
Trent XWB ;
turbofan;
UltraFan;


Summary form only given. It was expected that the use of CAD systems in the classroom to teach basic courses of engineering drawing (EG-166) instead of the traditional pencil and paper, was going to significantly reduce the time spent by the students on their daily assignments. One of the objectives in these courses is to develop the students ability to see objects in 3D and to convey information on those objects in 2D representations. It was also expected that the reduction of time for the daily assignments was going to give the lecturer more time to talk about fundamental concepts in visualization. Primary results, however, have shown that the students are more interested in learning the CAD system and are paying less attention to the basic engineering concepts and 3D visualization techniques.


In a study of the usefulness of the Rasch model for examining tests for possible bias, 102 native Spanish-speaking and 104 native English-speaking preschool four-year-olds in a remedial education program were administered Spanish and. English versions of the Cooperative PreSchool Inventory, a standardized measure of school readiness, The Rasch model of analysis was applied to the verbal and motor scales of each version. Results indicated that eight items that fit the model appeared to be improperly functioning items because 911 four items English-speaking pupils had an advantage over Spanish-speaking pupils, and on four, the advantage4was reversed. Several discrepancies were found in the item translations and in the administration and scoring directions of the Spanish and English versions', including more complete examiner information on the English version in the form of correct responses, suggested probes, and possible answers -frOmrthe examinees.--In addition, the directions associated with each item in the Spanish version are given in English, requiring the-examiner to translate them into Spanish before directing them to the examinee, and some of the English-to-Spanish translations allow for the change of verb tenses. (MSS) . *********************************************************************** * .44rproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** C:) AN APPLICATION OF THE RASCH MODEL FOR COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF *4) ENGLISH-SPEAKING AND SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN C:)


Egypt, which has preserved its quality as one of the important centers from past to present, became a part of Ottoman Empire in 16th century, but only two centuries later it turned into an international problem. It has been given importance due to its changing structure over time and many studies have been written about Egypt. Among these, chronicles have a special place. Because these works, in which the events are written day by day in a chronological order, are among the rarest sources of historians to describe history better. Two of the chronicles that written about Egypt belong to 'Abd al-Rahman al-Jabartī (d. 1825), an Egyptian historian. The first of these is Aja'ib al-Athâr fi'l-Tarâjim va'l-Akhbâr which includes the general history of Egypt and the other work of the author is Mazhar al-Taqdîs bi-dhahâb Davlat al-Fransîs focusing on the French expedition to Egypt in 1798 under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte.
After it was completed, Selim III wanted Mazhar al-Taqdîs to be translated into Turkish and the work was translated by Mustafa Behcet Efendi (d. 1834) in a short time. Our study comprises this translation known as Târîkh-i Mısır. It was published in Cerîde-i Havâdis and repeatedly copied that we detected fourteen of these copies during our study and we had the opportunity to examine twelve of them. Within the scope of our study, we aimed to analyze the general structure of Târîkh-i Mısır and to evaluate the scientific value of the work.
Along with the main axis of our research the Târîkh-i Mısır, in our study, we briefly included the life stories and works of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabartī and Behcet Efendi. Then we have detailed the characteristics of the translation such as the copies, the reason and date of writing, its content, writing method, literary features, deficiencies and scientific value.


The linear gravity waves created by a moving oscillatory source are considered in a fluid of finite uniform depth bounded on one side by a vertical cliff. The unsteady asymptotic waves are determined by Bliestien's asymptotic expansion to the exact Fourier transform solution. Several physically interesting results are obtained. The fronts of each of the waves generated by the source are determined for all times and for all values of the parameters. The physical cause of the singularity of solution for certain values of the parameters is explained.


Improper pharmaceutical waste disposal is a rising environmental pollutant around the world. Pharmaceutical waste disposal legislation and regulations are available to some extent but limited to industrial premises and health-care institutions. Information on the disposal of pharmaceutical waste in public hands, known as domestic pharmaceutical waste (DPW), is limited. This scoping review aims to comprehend the global practice of DPW disposal by following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Three online databases were searched for eligible articles: peer-reviewed in English language, describing the methods that the public disposed of unwanted or expired pharmaceuticals at home (DPW Disposal) and the public's participation in their local DPW programs (DPW Program). Search terms were derived from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free text when applicable. One expert report and thirty research publications were analysed. The articles originated from Asia (n=13), the Middle East (n=6), Africa (n=4), Europe (n=3), the United States (n=3) and Australia (n=1). Most pharmaceuticals are disposed of as household garbage (58.8%), returned to health facilities (17.9%) and flushed down the toilet drain (8.1%). There is a large range of diversity in public awareness (range: 14% - 82%) and participation in DPW Programs (range: 8.3% to 64%) with higher percentages reported from European countries. Existing regulations and policies have modest to moderate impact on proper DPW disposal. Our findings provide new information that may be utilised by policymakers in the process of laying the groundwork for a national plan outlining the most effective methods for disposing of DPW.


Food security - the assured access of all people to enough food for a healthy and active life - is the focus of considerable policy and research attention. This paper examines the relationship between both household and contextual characteristics and food security among households with elementary school children in Wisconsin, using new data from a self-administered survey sent home to parents. We find that food insecurity is linked to an array of household characteristics that are consistent with findings from existing research, thus providing external validation of the self-administered measure. We also find that a broad array of local attributes, related to housing costs, transportation, retail food outlets, and strength of the local labor market, have significant and in some cases large impacts on food security. Overall, results lend strong support to the view that food insecurity results from a complex interplay among personal resources, public resources, and the economic and social contexts in which a household resides.


There are no studies comparing Supreme laryngeal mask airway (LMA), I gel and Baska mask in Indian population. A comparison of the clinical performance of Supreme LMA, I gel and Baska mask was undertaken in this randomized controlled study.The present research was undertaken in 75 patients aged 18 to 60 years who underwent elective surgery for less than 3-hour duration under general anaesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into three groups; Supreme LMA, I gel, and Baska mask. The oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) after 30 minutes to loss of spontaneous respiration was the primary objective, whereas the secondary objectives were attempts required for insertion of LMA, ease of gastric tube insertion, time required for gastric tube insertion and post-operative morbidity. The mean OLP of Baska mask group was (28.2 cm HO) as compared to Supreme LMA (25.3 cm HO) and I-gel (24.1 cm HO) groups (p-value = 0.0001). The mean gastric tube insertion time of Baska mask group was (20.7 s) as compared to Supreme LMA (6.7 s) and I-gel (9.6 s) groups (p-value = 0.0001). The three groups were comparable with regards to the number of attempts required, ease of gastric tube insertion and post-operative morbidity.A higher OLP was observed in Baska mass group as compared to Supreme LMA and I-gel. The three devices were similar in terms of attempts required for insertion, ease of gastric tube insertion and post-operative morbidity.


This study was aimed at examining the impact of corruption on good governance in Nigeria. With the use of the secondary source of data, certain indicators derived from the main composites of the concepts of Good Governance were analysed. These are; the legitimacy of the government, the accountability of the public officials, and the capacity/competence of government to formulate policies and deliver services to the citizens, as well as respect for human rights and the rule of law. The study revealed that despite the huge resources put into the implementation of policies geared towards good governance in Nigeria, there have not been visible changes in the living standard of the citizens, due to gross corruption. Corruption is one of the major reasons for the poor economic performance, decaying infrastructures, the rising cost of living and poverty in Nigeria. The fight against corruption is that of the survival of the nation itself. The choice before Nigerians is very clear: they either go to war sincerely against corruption in all its ramifications, or keep the status-quo and be consumed by this hydra-headed dragon. Hence, some recommendations were made to ameliorate the problems.


The research discusses sound insulation on some designed types of ventilated soundproof windows which combine with fans and the air lead-in boards. Conclusions are as the following, The result shows that the type of left-inlet and right-outlet could reach 30.4 dB(A) of sound insulation and the type of double-sided duct could reach 30.7 dB(A) of sound insulation. Changing glass thickness of window, 5mm and 10mm, the sound insulation of ventilated soundproof windows show that frequency response are almost the same by comparing three different types. It shows that has no improvement of sound insulation by adding the glass thickness. Discussing the influence of indoor environment due to fan noise. For the type of normal ventilation, the noise is 41.2 dB(A) when the fan set at the middle speed with air lead-in boards. For the type of double-sided duct, the noise is 33.7 dB(A) when the fan set at the middle speed with air lead-in boards. For the type of left-inlet and right-outlet, the noise is 36.4 dB(A) when ...


The present invention relates to a transport device (1) for conveying a product, comprising a fixed, along a longitudinal axis (3) extending running rail (2), guided one on the running rail (2) conveyor carriage (6) having a longitudinal axis (3) perpendicular vertical axis (5), on the trolley arranged (6) guide rollers (7) which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (3) axes of rotation (8) are rotatable and roll on the rail (2), wherein the axes of rotation (8) of all the guide rollers (7 ) is the same as the longitudinal axis (3) perpendicular cutting line (9), and a compensating device for compensating a yawing moment (M) of the truck (6) about the vertical axis (5) having a plurality along the running rail (2) arranged magnet coils (12) at least arranged two on the conveying carriage (6) ferromagnetic or permanent-magnetic counter-elements (11) are arranged on both sides of the running rail (2), and a control device (18) for driving the magnet coils (12), so that the counter elements (11) in the direction of a transverse axis (4) are pressed away at the same time from the running rail (2), wherein the transverse axis (4) (3) and perpendicular to the vertical axis (5) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined.


The present invention relates to a coating composition, and the coated product thus produced that can be cured by radiation having a wavelength in the coating method of the wood substrate, 320 to 450 ㎚.


Functional models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have led to effective treatment for the motor symptoms. Toxin‐based models, such as the 6‐hydroxydopamine–lesioned rat and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine–treated primate, have resulted in novel dopaminergic therapies and new therapeutic strategies. They have also been used to study processes underlying motor complications, particularly dyskinesia, and for developing pharmacological approaches to dyskinesia avoidance and suppression. Symptomatic models of PD based on nigrostriatal degeneration have a high degree of predictability of clinical effect of dopaminergic drugs on motor symptoms in humans. However, the effects of nondopaminergic drugs in these models do not translate effectively into clinical efficacy. Newer experimental models of PD have attempted to reproduce the pathogenic process and to involve all areas of the brain pathologically affected in humans. In addition, models showing progressive neuronal death have been sought but so far unsuccessfully. Pathogenic modeling has been attempted using a range of toxins, as well as through the use of transgenic models of gene defects in familial PD and mutant rodent strains. However, there are still no accepted progressive models of PD that mimic the processes known to occur during cell death and that result in the motor deficits, pathology, biochemistry, and drug responsiveness as seen in humans. Nevertheless, functional models of PD have led to many advances in treating the motor symptoms of the disorder, and we have been fortunate to have them available. They are an important reason the treatment of PD is so much better compared with treatments for related illnesses. Ann Neurol 2008;64 (suppl):S16–S29


Obesity is closely associated with a greater risk of developing hypertension and there is a strong link between bodyweight gain and greater blood pressure (BP). Plasma leptin levels correlate with ...


A comparative study of molecular ordering of trans-trans-4′-alkylbicyclohexyl-4-carbonitriles (cyclohexylcyclohexanes, CCHs) with alkyl group: propyl (CCH3); pentyl (CCH5); and heptyl (CCH7) has been carried out with respect to translational and orientational motions. The CNDO/2 method has been employed to compute the net atomic charge and atomic dipole moment at each atomic centre. Configurational energy has been computed using the Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation method. The total interaction energy values obtained through these computations were used to calculate the probability of each configuration in a dielectric medium (i.e. non-interacting and non-mesogenic solvent, benzene) at the phase transition temperature using the Maxwell-Boltzmann formula. Further, the flexibility of various configurations has been studied in terms of variation of probability due to departure from the most probable configurations. It is observed that, in a dielectric medium, the probabilities are redistributed, although the order of preference remains the same. An attempt has been made to explain the nematogenic behaviour of these mesogenic compounds, and thereby develop a molecular model for the liquid-crystallinity.


are diminished in patients with definite and severe auto- nomic neuropathy. This provides further evidence on their impaired response to stress. The comparable epinephrine levels in patients with or without autonomic neuropathy indicates that adrenal medullar function is not significantly altered. Abstract The objective of this study was to examine epi- nephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels in patients with clinical type 2 diabetes mellitus, at different stages of auto- nomic neuropathy. Eighteen patients were classified in groups without (n = 6) and with early (n = 6), definite (n = 3) and severe (n = 3) neuropathy. Blood catecholamine levels were measured after the Valsalva maneuver, cold exposure and orthostatic tests. The norepinephrine basal levels were lower in patients with severe neuropathy (0.4 ± 0.2 nmol/l), com- pared with the group with no neuropathy (1.3 ± 0.5 nm/l, p = 0.034), or with early neuropathy (1.3 ± 0.7 nm/l, p = 0.035). After the Valsalva maneuver, no increase was found in the group with severe alteration. In patients without neuropathy, cold exposure induced a peak of norepinephrine at 5 min (∆ = 1.9 ± 1.6 nmol/l). The increase was lower in groups with definite and severe damage. In patients with definite or moderate neuropathy, the orthostatic test induced minimal or no response. The epinephrine response to the maneuvers was not significant, and no differences were found among the groups. Norepinephrine basal levels and cold responses


In 2016, Tennessee became the first state to allow counselors and therapists in private practice to deny services to any client based on the therapist's sincerely held principles. The law's proponents framed mental health care ethics as infringing on counselors' religious liberties; its critics denounced the bill because it apparently targeted LGBT+ individuals. This exploratory study is the first statewide assessment of LGBT+ Tennesseans' (N = 346) perceptions of the law and how it may affect their help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. Evidence suggests widespread awareness of the law among our respondents and deep skepticism toward mental health care. Further, most respondents view the law as cover for discrimination. We stress the need for broader research on conscience clauses and call for advocacy against these laws, which have the potential to engender widespread harm to multiple minority groups.


The invention provides a model car manufacturing method. The model car manufacturing method comprises the following steps of inputting design data of a car prototype; breaking up the design data into a plurality of data groups, wherein each data group corresponds to an independent model module of a structure; correcting one or more data groups according to machining limitation or model design standards; selecting a machining mode for each model module; and machining according to the corresponding corrected data to form a model. The model car manufacturing method is suitable for different types of machining tools and machining modes by breaking up the data of the prototype, so that the machining efficiency is high.


A chain-like carbon nanostructure, which we call as carbon nano-chains (CNCs), was synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The influence of growth conditions (such as growth temperature, time and gas ratio) during CVD process on the carbon structures and the growth mechanism of the CNCs were investigated. To explore the potential application as electrode materials of supercapacitors, the electrochemical performances of the CNCs and the CNCs activated with KOH have been tested. The results indicated that the original CNCs exhibit relatively high specific surface area, high purity and regular framework, and favor growth at a moderate temperature and mild gas ratio. After activation, the CNCs have much improved specific surface area and porous structure. The electrochemical performance investigations showed that the activated CNCs have a power density of 159.6 kW kg−1 and an energy density of 15.5 W h kg−1, as well as excellent cycle stability, which is very superior to the original CNCs. This simple and low-cost preparation process and the superb electrochemical performance suggest great potential applications of activated CNCs in supercapacitors.


Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. Fetoscopy has evolved into a mainstream intervention of fetal therapy. Anesthesia for fetoscopy is related to both maternal and fetal, so it differs from the general obstetric anesthesia and pediatric anesthesia. The physiologic and anatomic changes of pregnancy, immature organ function of fetal etc. bring great challenges to anesthesia for fetoscopy. This paper focuses on the research progress of maternal and fetal anesthesia for fetoscopy, aimed at providing references for the application of anesthesia for fetoscopy surgery.

Key words:
Fetoscopy; Anesthesia, fetal; Anesthesia, obstetric


Belinda Linden outlines the recommendations made by the Joint British Societies on the prevention of cardiovascular disease (JBS3) launched in March 2014


A digital receiver and method for receiving and demodulating a plurality of digital signals transmitted at different carrier frequencies, so that the carrier frequency signals of a down-conversion are subjected to baseband signals, which are then digitized, and that a common demodulator work (4) digitized baseband signals demodulated in a time division manner.


SUMMARY A total of 112 samples of mammary glands and supramammary lymph nodes were examined for microbiological and histopathological examination. Isolated microorganisms were S. aureus, CNS, Streptococcus spp., coliform spp. Histopathological examination revealed acute and chronic mastitis. Lymph nodes showed marked depletion, suppurative lymphadenitis with oedema and haemorrhage. Isolated fungi were Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., Aspergillus spp., Paecillomyces , Helminthosporium ,Althrospores, Epicoccum and Stemphillium. Microscopically, acute mycotic cases showed infiltration of inflammatory cells with destruction of acinar epithelium while chronic mycotic changes in mammary tissue were characterized by foccal or diffuse granulomatous type. Madin Darby Bovine Kidney cell line (MDBK) were used in this work, to examine the adherence and effect of selected bacteria within 24 h at 37°C incubation. The cytopathic effect of S. aureus on cell line was stronger than that of E. coli and S. agalactiae.


The invention discloses a scratch-resistant PCB electrical milling molding device and a method. Separate milling of a printed circuit board (PCB) is realized by that, a first cover plate and a second cover plate are arranged on the PCB separately in two times, and a closed trajectory is formed by trajectories formed by the first cover plate and the second cover plate. Comparing with existing technologies, the scratch-resistant PCB electrical milling molding device does not need to smash rim charges by a milling cutter before milling, so that steps of electrical milling are reduced, electrical milling time is shortened, and service life of the milling cutter is prolonged; processes of the electrical milling only generate dust, and no small rim charge are generated, so that it is of significant convenience for the dust to pass through a dust-absorbing port, and blocking of the dust-absorbing port is avoided; and separate milling is realized by the first cover plate and the second cover plate, and the PCB is protected by the cover plates, so that PCB scratches which are caused in the electrical milling processes by movement of rim charges and dust left in brushes along electrical milling track are avoided.


Krylov space methods are a popular means for solving sparse systems. In this paper, we consider three such methods: GMRES, Conjugate Gradient (CG) and Conjugate Residual (CR). We focus on the problem of efficiently and accurately detecting soft errors leading to silent data corruption (SDC) for each of these methods. Unlike limited amount of previous work in this area, our work is driven by analysis of mathematical properties of the methods. We identify a term we refer to as energy norm, which is decreasing for our target class of methods. We also show other applications of error norm and residual value, and expand the set of algorithms to which they can be applied. We have extensively evaluated our method considering three distinct dimensions: accuracy, magnitude of undetected errors, and runtime overhead. First, we show that our methods have high detection accuracy rate. We gain over 90% detection rate for GMRES in most of the scenario and matrices. For most case in CG and CR, we gain over 70% detection rate as well. Second, we show that for soft errors that are not detected by our methods, the resulting inaccuracy in the final results are small. Finally, we also show that the run-time overheads of our method are low.


Professional information literacy is the basis of innovation ability.This paper presented that engineering students' professional information literacy teaching program is very important for training students' innovation ability,creating innovative scientific and technological talent,implementing technological innovation and further deepening educational reform.


Diabetes is an increasingly common chronic disease that requires long-term management. Currently, the health care provided to patients with diabetes frequently falls short of the "best care" practices established in evidence-based clinical guidelines. The primary objective of this observational study is to quantify the effects of a commercially-available ambulatory electronic health record (EHR) on quality of diabetes care, as measured by compliance with recommended processes of care and patient outcome measures. The EHR includes diabetes care prompts and a diabetes management form (DMF), a condition-specific documentation tool that integrates data review, real-time evidence-based clinical decision support, order entry, and patient education.


AIM
To determine phenytoin sodium by a highly accurate nephelometric titration.

METHODS
The titration operating conditions were optimized and the solubility product constant of phenytoin silver precipitation was determined.

RESULTS
The result of the titration is comparable to those of control experiments.

CONCLUSION
The proposed method has been found to be accurate, precise, specific, reproducible, and linear.


A new polarisation-maintaining single-mode fibre having a special class of azimuthally inhomogeneous index profile is proposed. Numerical results indicate that the modal birefringence ?s/k of 10?5 is obtainable for two orthogonal HE11 modes. The value is large enough to maintain the polarisation state. It is also shown that a new deposition process based on the standard MCVD technique is applicable to fabricate the azimuthally inhomogeneous profile.


2D Electric resistivity imaging and Induced polarization (IP) techniques were used to evaluate Iron Ore deposit at Potiskum area of Yobe State, Northeastern Nigeria. The area lies between latitudes 110 40' 00'' and 110 50' 00'' N, and longitude 110 00' 00'' and 110 10' 00'' E. The survey was targeted at determining resistivity and chargeability values that are associated with the iron ore deposit. The dipole-dipole array was used for 2D resistivity and induced polarization imaging. Data processing and interpretation were done using RES2DINV software. This research had characterized the study area into two portions: the alluvium deposit that is highly enriched of iron ore and alluvium deposit with disseminated iron ore. The portion of the iron rich alluvium, characterized by low resistivity and chargeability of 32 Ωm to 734 Ωm and 0.403 msec to 3.400 msec are inferred as alluvium that is highly enrich with iron ore, while the portion that are respectively characterized by resistivity and chargeability values of 734 Ωm to 1418 Ωm and 1.90 msec to 6.40 msec are inferred as alluvium with disseminated iron ore. It can be concluded that the occurrence of iron ore deposit is probably more at northeast part of the survey area. The iron ore deposit strikes in the Northeast-Southwest direction.


This paper introduces a new technique for phrase-structure parser analysis, categorizing possible treebank structures by integrating regular expressions into derivation trees. We analyze the performance of the Berkeley parser on OntoNotes WSJ and the English Web Treebank. This provides some insight into the evalb scores, and the problem of domain adaptation with the web data. We also analyze a "test-ontrain" dataset, showing a wide variance in how the parser is generalizing from different structures in the training material.


The manufacturing of cellular products for immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, requires successful collection of mononuclear cells. Collections from children with high‐risk leukemia present a challenge, especially because the established COBE Spectra apheresis device is being replaced by the novel Spectra Optia device (Optia) in many institutions. Published experience for mononuclear cell collections in children with Optia is lacking. Our aim was to compare the two collection devices and describe modified settings on the Optia to optimize mononuclear cell collections.


.......................................................................................................... 4 TIIVISTELMÄ ....................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF ORIGINAL ARTICLES ......................................................................... 6 1.  INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 7 2.  AIMS OF THE THESIS ................................................................................ 11 3.  MATERIAL AND METHODS ..................................................................... 12 3.1.  Study species ........................................................................................ 12 3.1.1.  Damselflies and dragonflies .................................................... 12 3.1.2.  Larval water mites ................................................................... 12 3.1.3.  Gregarines ................................................................................ 14 3.2.  Field work ............................................................................................. 15 3.3.  Lab work ............................................................................................... 16 3.4.  Data mining .......................................................................................... 17 3.5.  Statistics ................................................................................................ 18 4.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................... 20 4.1.  Does the "sicker sex" exist? (I)............................................................. 20 4.2.  From host phylogeny to immune defense what effects parasitism? (II) ...................................................................................... 22 4.3.  Ménage à trois do both parasites prefer the same host species? (III) ........................................................................................................ 23 4.4.  Size, location and male aggression the parasitism pattern of the odonata order (IV) ................................................................................ 24 4.5.  From host traits to parasite preferences in the end, what determines parasitism? ......................................................................... 27 4.6.  Methodological issues .......................................................................... 27 5.  CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH ............................................ 29 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. 30 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 31 ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS (I-IV) .................................................................. 35


PURPOSE: To improve quality by replacing at least a part of (NH.)2HPO. and P 2 O 5 by partially ammoniated polyphosphoric acid, heating it to a specified temperature under the presence of NH3 and continuously mixing, kneading and pulverizing it. CONSTITUTION: P 2 0 5 is supplied from a first metering and supplying means 2 and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 is supplied from a second metering and supplying means 3 into a reactor 1. NH 3 and water vapor are supplied from a column 18 installed at the upper part of a container 11 with a stirring machine, brought into contact with the polyphosphoric acid at 120-170°C, turned to the partially ammoniated polyphosphoric acid and supplied from the bottom part of the container, 11 with the stirring machine through a conductor 15 and an outlet pipe 17 into the reactor 1. The equivalent mol of P 2 O 5 and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 is prepared in the reactor 1, 15 wt.% of it is replaced by the partially ammoniated polyphosphoric acid, then NH 3 is introduced from an NH 3 supply tube 8, it is heated to 170-350°C and continuously mixed, kneaded and pulverized and essentially waterinsoluble ammonium polyphosphate is obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


This paper introduced a visibility detecting system of double light path based on the theory of infrared foreword scattering, which has two transmitters and two receivers. The system includes three parts: emitters, detectors and signal processor. This article describes its theory, principal components meanwhile discusses, it solves the technical difficulties in designing circuitry for detection and amplification of the weak signal. It is explained that the precision and stabilization of the visibility meter were improved by pairs of optical path and lock-in amplifier in receiving side. And such improvements have been certified by experiments.


Understanding the impact of orthopaedic scientific research is vital in identifying facilitators and barriers to its implementation in clinical practice. A meta‐analysis was carried out which showed that presoaking hamstring (HT) autografts in vancomycin was associated with a 10‐fold reduction in infection rate in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Our aim was to determine the practice of orthopaedic surgeons with regards to vancomycin presoaking and explore whether they would adopt the findings of this meta‐analysis.


A Message Authentication Codes (MAC) can be constructed based on a block cipher algorithm. CBC-MAC, EMAC, ECBC-MAC, FCBC-MAC, XCBC-MAC, RMAC, TMAC, OMAC and CMAC are some of MAC constructions that used in the hash function. In this paper, we propose a method of second preimage attack that utilizes the concept of existential forgery on CBC-MAC and it can be used on all of that various MAC construction. We apply the method to find second preimage on that various MAC constructions which uses AES-128 block cipher algorithm in its basic construction for the proof that the method is working. The results show that with the modifications as many as 220 for each sample, we can obtain the second preimages easily as many as 220 in that various MAC constructions.


[Aims] The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy and the safety of tribenuron·bensulfuron·fluroxypyr 30% WP for controlling broad-leaf weeds in spring wheat field based on the field trials.[Methods] Tribenuron·bensulfuron·fluroxypyr 30% WP was sprayed at 4-5 leaf stage of spring wheat or 3-8 leaf stage of broad-leaved weeds and then control effect and injure to wheat were investigated at different stages.[Results] The results showed that the recommended dose of tribenuron·bensulfuron·fluroxypyr 30% WP was 135-180 g a.i./ha.The integrated plant and fresh weight control effects were 78.80-82.88% and 78.70-84.31% on weeds respectively after 40 d after spaying.[Conclusions] Tribenuron·bensulfuron·fluroxypyr 30% WP shows better control on broad-leaf weeds in spring wheat field and is safe to wheat growth.The rate of growth of spring wheat was 6.50-8.68% at the recommended dose.


scholarly institutions which display an outward veneer of secular rationality. The Materiality of Magic focuses on two regions, the British Isles and West Africa, neglecting much of the rest of the world. Nevertheless it covers all periods from the prehistoric to the contemporary, and includes both archaeological and ethnographic approaches to the subject. As with many edited volumes, the quality and depth of the chapters varies considerably; for instance, Chadwick's extensive bibliography alone is lengthier than Leeming's entire chapter, while some contributions are more polished and innovative than others. Nevertheless, the collection works together well. Often, especially in prehistoric studies, it is difficult to distinguish practices which were magical in intent from those that might have had a votive or other religious function. Is it at all possible – archaeologically speaking – to distinguish traces of magic from the wider residue of ritual? Given this, a more apposite title would have been The Materiality of Magic and Ritual; or maybe the editors could have devoted space to an overview of the differing definitions of 'magic' and the ways that it relates to other religious and ritual practices. As Houlbrook and Armitage convincingly argue, the practice of magic needs to be taken seriously by scholars operating in archaeology as well as those in other sectors of the humanities and social sciences. Magic is often expressed through the medium of material culture, leavings its footprints in the past as well as the present. Armed with this book, specialists in many regions and periods should be able to recognise the traces and implications of magical or ritual practice: at least, they will if they can afford to buy it. At £35 it may be read only by those with a pre-existing fascination for magic and thus fail to reach those scholars who suffer from what Ralph Merrifield called 'ritual phobia'. Librarians take notice!


(001)-TiO2/BiOI photocatalysts with microsphere morphology were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The (001)-TiO2/BiOI was demonstrated with the highest photocatalytic performance for RhB degradation rate of 0.049 min-1 under visible light,...


Hyperperfusion is a rare but serious complication following cerebrovascular angioplasty and stent placement. Radiographically identifying hyperperfusion before the development of severe sequelae is difficult, as few diagnostic criteria have been established.


This article examines the financial technology of derivatives. Derivatives are financial products whose values are based on possible fluctuations in the values of underlying assets. Hence derivatives markets are markets that trade in the risks of other markets. In order for derivatives markets to function, forms of prognostication that can assess the possible future fluctuations of the underlying markets are necessary. What such prognostications do, the article argues, is to create information out of future possibilities. Building upon a notion of virtuality derived from Gilles Deleuze, Ulrich Beck and Niklas Luhmann, the article shows how market risks and uncertainties, by means of prognostications, cease to be mere possibilities and instead come to have virtual existence. Through the technology of derivatives, uncertainty and risk can be rendered virtual and be traded. The article suggests that this technology is an example of a new way in which capitalism is now expanding self-referentially as it creates markets out of markets; and of how it is colonizing the future by developing new technologies for 'hyper-speculation', that is, speculation not in the possible developments of a given asset but simply in the risk of such speculation.


The quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) in semiconductor quantum well (QW) structures is attractive as it gives large change in optical constants and makes efficient optical modulation possible. However, QCSE depends on polarization of the incident guided optical wave (namely, TE or TM), which is a significant problem for applications. This is mainly due to the mass difference between heavy and light holes as described in the following section.


This paper analyzes the evolution of fiscal federalism in Spain and Canada, focusing on the exercise of normative powers on the Personal Income Tax (PIT). This is done by presenting and comparing the evolution of the use of taxing powers by two sets of subnational governments: the Canadian Provinces and the Spanish Autonomous Communities on the PIT. This tax is chosen because it is one of the most politically visible taxes.The main interest of this comparison lays in the fact that, despite the prevailing differences in the constitutional and institutional backgrounds of these countries, some of the outcomes are similar or at least comparable and there is reason to believe that it will continue to be that way. The paper is divided in three parts. First, the constitutional, legal and institutional framework of both countries are presented, by paying special attention to the elements relevant to taxation. Second we examine the outcomes in both countries, paying the most attention to the field of PIT. Third we compare and contrast these uses.


Currently, nearly all high‐efficiency organic photovoltaic devices use donor polymers based on the benzo‐dithiophene (BDT) unit. To diversify the choices of building blocks for high‐performance donor polymers, the use of benzo‐difuran (BDF) units is explored, which can achieve reduced steric hindrance, stronger molecular packing, and tunable energy levels. In previous research, the performance of BDF‐based devices lagged behind those of BDT‐based devices. In this study, a high efficiency (18.4%) is achieved using a BDF‐based polymer donor, which is the highest efficiency reported for BDF donor materials to date. The high efficiency is enabled by a donor polymer (D18‐Fu) and the aid of a solid additive (2‐chloronaphthalene), which is the isomer of the commonly used additive 1‐chloronaphthalene. These results revealed the significant effect of 2‐chloronaphthalene in optimizing the morphology and enhancing the device parameters. This work not only provides a new building block that can achieve an efficiency comparable to dominant BDT units but also proposes a new solid additive that can replace the widely used 1‐chloronaphthalene additive.


Abstract. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of Debt To Equity Ratio, Return On Equity and Company Size on Dividend Policy. This study uses descriptive method with survey techniques in the banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2016. Also with secondary data analysis using Quantitative methods. This researcher uses a multiple linear regression analysis tool using the SPSS 16 program.This study uses quantitative methods. The research sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique to obtain 10 banks that met the criteria. Based on the results of data analysis using a partial test (t test), DER has a positive and significant effect on Dividend Policy as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 3.101 at a significance value of 0.001 so that it is accepted. ROE has a positive and significant effect on Dividend Policy as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 1.040 at a significance value of 0.023 so that it is accepted. Company size has a positive and significant effect on stock returns as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 4.100 at a significance value of 0.002 so that it is accepted. Predictive ability The three variables are towards Dividend Policy of 45.1%. While the remaining 54.9% is explained by other variables not included in this study. Keywords: Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Equity (ROE), Company Size and Dividend Polic Abstrak . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakan terdapat Pengaruh Debt To Equity Ratio , Return On Equity dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Kebijakan Deviden. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif dengan teknik survey pada perusahaan sub sektor perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2016. dengan analisis data sekunder menggunakan metode Kuantitatif. Peneliti ini menggunakan alat analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan bantuan program SPSS 16. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 10 Bank yang memenuhi kriteria. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan uji parsial (uji t), DER berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen dibuktikan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 3,101 pada nilai signifikansi 0,001. ROE berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen dibuktikan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 1,040 pada nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,023. Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham dibuktikan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 4,100 pada nilai signifikansi 0,002 . Kemampuan prediksi Ketiga variabel tersebut terhadap Kebijakan Dividen sebesar 45,1%. Sedangkan sisanya sebanyak 54,9% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci : Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Equity (ROE), Ukuran perusahaan dan Kebijakan Dividen


Abstract Every year, many people die due to cancer in all of the world. So, the preparation and formulation of new chemotherapeutic supplements and drugs with remarkable effects for the treatment of cancer are in the priority of both developing and developed countries. Recently, gold nanoparticles have been used as modern chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of several cancers such as leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc. According to the above explanations, we tried to prepare and formulate a chemotherapeutic drug (gold nanoparticles in aqueous medium using Rhus coriaria L. fruit aqueous extract) for the treatment of several types of esophageal cancer including human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, human Caucasian esophageal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, and distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. The organometallic chemistry tests such as Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used for characterizing of gold nanoparticles. For investigating the antioxidant properties of HAuCl4, R. coriaria aqueous extract, and gold nanoparticles, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-esophageal cancer effects of HAuCl4, R. coriaria aqueous extract, and gold nanoparticles, dye compound 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor (MTT) assay was used on the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-270), human Caucasian esophageal carcinoma (OE33), adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (ESO26), and distal esophageal adenocarcinoma (FLO-1) cell lines. In the FT-IR test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for reducing of gold in the gold nanoparticles. In UV–Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 527 nm indicated the formation of gold nanoparticles. Also, in the FE-SEM and TEM images, the gold nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 19–24 nm. The gold nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in the concentration of 196 µg/mL. The IC50 of the gold nanoparticles was 226, 213, 267, and 294 µg/mL against KYSE-270, OE33, ESO26, and FLO-1 cell lines, respectively. As mentioned, the gold nanoparticles had significant anti-esophageal cancer effects against the above cancers especially human Caucasian esophageal carcinoma. After approving the above results in the clinical trial studies, these gold nanoparticles can be used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of several types of esophageal cancer such as human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, human Caucasian esophageal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, and distal esophageal adenocarcinoma.


The exploitation strategy of hydrocarbon reservoirs can be technically and economically optimized only if a reliable numerical model of the reservoir under investigation is available to predict the system response for different production scenarios. A numerical model can be reasonably trustworthy after calibration only, which means the model has at least proved its ability to reproduce the historical behavior of the reservoir it represents. The calibration procedure, also known as history matching, is the most time consuming phase in a reservoir study workflow. Over the last decades several methods, classified as Assisted History Matching (AHM), have been proposed for a partial automation of the model calibration procedure. Meta-heuristic methods have been used to iteratively reduce the misfit between simulated and historical data. However, the main limit for the application of these algorithms is the amount of computational time necessary for the evaluation of the objective function, thus for the simulation runs. On the other hand, the new trend on collective computing offers a solution to CPU intensive tasks by distributing the work among several computers located in different places but globally connected through the World Wide Web. In this study a novel workflow for assisted history matching is proposed. The results proved that this workflow provides better and more representative solutions in a fraction of the time needed by traditional approaches.


To investigate some possible changes in occurrence probability of storm surge due to global warming in Ariake Sea, many numerical computations for storm surges were carried out. First, three different climate conditions were assumed in the computations, i.e., the present climate condition and two different future possible climate conditions under global warming used in Hashimoto, et.al. (2005). In each climate condition, a lot of various typhoon data for 500 years were generated with "a stochastic typhoon model" by using the Monte Carlo simulation. Next, storm surges in Ariake Sea were computed for many typhoon data. And, return periods of storm surge and tide on three climate conditions were obtained by extreme value analysis. Comparative investigation of the return periods of storm surges and tide among three climate conditions shows the possibility that large storm surge and large tide would be generated more frequently in the future due to global warming.


Torsional dynamic analysis of viscoelastic Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) has been carried out in the present work. Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt type viscoelasticity are considered in the modeling of viscoelastic material. Nonlocal Elasticity Theory is used in the formulation of governing equation of motion and boundary conditions. Viscoelasticity and nonlocal effects of structure on the free torsional vibration of CNTs have been investigated. Clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions are considered. Present study results could be useful in design of nano-medicine delivery applications.


complications. Spinal anesthesia has been recommended as an alternative to general anesthesia for high-risk infants who undergo herniotomy and has been associated with minimal respiratory and hemodynamic changes during this procedure (6,7). Dohi et al. (8) studied hemodynamic stability during spinal anesthesia in young children and premature infants and found little or no change in BP or HR in response to sympathectomy. It was postulated that the lack of hemodynamic changes was due to the immaturity of the sympathetic nervous system in young children. The lesser relative blood volume of the lower extremities compared with adult proportions may account for less lower extremity venous pooling during sympathectomy and thus fewer cardiovascular changes (6,9). Spinal anesthesia was carried out with administering 4.25 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine. The choice of hyperbaric bupivacaine was suggested by the study of Kokki et al. (10). The dose of 0.8 mgÆkg administered to our patient is in the range suggested by Frawley et al. (11). Our practice is in agreement with other authors, particularly for high-risk neonates. So, we consider the choice of spinal anesthesia for a high-risk child affected by Williams syndrome as good practice to minimize the risk of sudden perioperative death. Marinella Astuto M D* , Danila Sapienza M D* , Vincenzo Di Benedetto M D†, Nicola Disma M D* Departments of *Anesthesia and †Pediatric Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (email: email@example.com)


Ceramic oxide coatings were formed on aluminum alloy surface by Microarc Oxidation(MAO) in Na2SiO3-NaOH-(NaPO3)6 solution.The effects of electrical parameters such as current,duty cycle and frequency of power on growth kinetics,microstructure of the coatings were studied.The results show that with current increasing,the growth rate of the coatings increases,but the surface morphology becomes coarser.The duty cycle and frequency have little effect on growth kinetics.However,with duty cycle decreasing or frequency increasing,the surface morphology becomes more compact.


Background: The echinocandin caspofungin (CAS) is a novel antifungal drug with fungicidal in vitro activity against all Candida spp., which are the most frequent cause of fungal keratitis. Penetration of CAS through the cornea into the aqueous humor after topical administration was investigated. Methods: A CAS solution with a concentration of 7 mg/ml was applied onto each rabbit's cornea. Drug application after corneal epithelium abrasion was processed in different time intervals: single application with aqueous humor sampling after 1 and 2 h. In addition, after continuous application of CAS every 30 min, aqueous humor concentrations of CAS after 1, 2 and 5 h were analyzed by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Topical administration of CAS without corneal epithelium abrasion resulted in no detectable amounts of the drug in the aqueous humor. However, with corneal abrasion, after a single application, levels of 2.16 ± 1.57 μg/ml (n = 6) were reached after 1 h and then decreased to 1.76 ± 0.88 μg/ml (n = 2) after 2 h. After serial application every 30 min, the following intracameral levels of CAS were detected: after 1 h, 2.11 ± 1.09 μg/ml (n = 6); after 2 h, 4.94 ± 1.80 μg/ml (n = 5), and after 5 h, 3.45 ± 2.11 μg/ml (n = 6). Conclusion: In the aqueous humor, therapeutic drug levels can be reached that cover the MICs of most fungi after epithelial abrasion. To achieve a sustained high level of CAS as an effective antifungal therapy for corneal keratitis, CAS should be administered topically every 30 min after removal of the corneal epithelium.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of insulin glargine combined with oral hypoglycemic drugs (OADs) for type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control using premixed insulin therapy.Methods Fifty cases of poor blood glucose control patients with type 2 diabetes using 30/70 premixed insulin alone or in combination with OADs were randomly divided into treatment group ( converting premixed insulin into insulin glargine plus OADs,n =30) and control group ( continue to use the premixed insulin plus OADs,n =20).All groups were adjusted the dosage of insulin and OADs based on the levels of blood glucose.After 12 weeks,monitoring and comparing fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2 h PG),glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) levels,body mass index(BMI) and the incidence of hypoglycemia during the test of the two groups.Results Compared with those before treatment,HbA 1 c,FBG,2 h PG of both groups have declined ( all P < 0.01 ).The treatment group and control group have no significant change in BMI (P > 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,FBG,lunch 2 h PG,BMI and HbAlc of the treatment group is lower ( all P <0.01 ).The incidence of hypoglycemia during the test of the treatment group is lower( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions The treatment of insulin glargine combined with OADs for poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients using premixed insulin,can significantly improve the levels of FBG and HbA 1 c,do not increase body weight,and it is simple to use,therefore can significantly reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus;  Premixed insulin;  Insulin glargine


Traumatic brain injuries are medically and economically devastating conditions. Rehabilitation may be affected by premorbid factors such as substance abuse and violence. Successful rehabilitation is an ongoing process.


Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Although transurethral resection of prostate has been the gold-standard intervention, in recent times, endoscopic enucleation of prostate (EEP) has been introd...


A performance computational model for a 100 kW nominal solid oxide fuel cell generator system is described. The calculational methods are based on the FORTRAN programming language. Comprehensive parameter input options are presented, and constraints are identified. Example reactant, electrical, and efficiency outputs are demonstrated over the relevant operating ranges. A sample calculated output display at nominal operating conditions is given.


Disordered nanocomposites which are formed by subwavelength conductive inclusions embedded into a dielectric host are attracting considerable attention due to their intriguing plasmon-assisted optical properties. One of the theoretical methods which allow to take into account percolation effects and calculate the electric field distribution as well as the resonance spectrum consists of the replacement of the initial composite by an equivalent random impedance network. However, a commonly used representation of thin-film systems with square-lattice networks implies two-dimensional Coulomb interaction [7]. In the present paper, we propose a new model, which takes into account three-dimensional nature of the Coulomb interaction in two-dimensional systems. In this model, below the percolation threshold we observe Lifshits tails in the spectral density of states. Above the percolation threshold we observe low-frequency two-dimensional plane-wave plasmons in the same frequency domain and the crossover to high-frequency resonances.


Off-axis pumping in LD end-pumped solid-state laser is researched. Through experiments, the effects of off-axis distance upon threshold, oscillating modes, beam quality and the slope efficiency of Nd∶YAG laser are studied under the condition of off-axis pumping. The change of the location and modes of the output beam in the same off-axis pumping distance with the changing of current through the LD is researched. The results show that when the off-axis distance is increased,the slope efficiency is enlarged. However, the change of output light from low rank mode to high one appears in turn,the threshold of laser is raised and the beam quality becomes inferior.When LD pumping current is increased at the same off-axis pumping location, the change of output light from high rank mode to low one appears in turn and the center of the spot closes to the axis of the pumping center.


Aim. To analyze the clinical significance of the sodium level in a single urine test obtained 2 hours after the first dose of a loop diuretic was administered in patients with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (ADHF).Material and methods. An observational study was conducted on the basis of a rapid-care hospital. The concentration of sodium in urine analysis obtained 2 hours after intravenous administration of the first dose of loop diuretic and natriuresis for the first day of hospitalization were evaluated. The development of resistance to diuretics was taken as the primary endpoint (the need to increase the daily dose of furosemide by more than 2 times compared to the initial one or the addition of another class of diuretic drugs).Results. 25 patients with ADHF were included. The average age of patients was 69.0±14.8 years, 16 (64%) of them were men. The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 49.0±13.5%. The level of the N‐terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was 3416 (2128; 5781) pg/ml. The average sodium concentration in the urine analysis obtained 2 hours after the start of treatment was 100.6±41.0 mmol / l. The concentration of sodium in urine for the first day was 102.2±39.0 mmol/l. 2 hours after the start of treatment, the sodium concentration in a single urine test was less than 50 mmol/l in 5 (20%) patients. Upon further observation, oligoanuria (defined as diuresis of less than 400 ml within 24 hours) developed in 2 of them. Oligoanuria was not detected among patients whose sodium concentration was more than 50 mmol/l. The need for escalation (any increase in the dose of a loop diuretic and/or the addition of another class of diuretic drugs) arose in 7 (28%) patients; at the same time, we diagnosed the development of resistance to diuretics in 5 (20%) of them. Resistance to diuretics was more common among patients with a sodium concentration in a single urine test obtained 2 hours after the start of furosemide administration, less than 50 mmol/l (p=0.037); when dividing the recruited patient population into subgroups with a sodium concentration in a single urine test ≥50 mmol/l and <50 mmol/l there was no significant difference in the need for any escalation of diuretic therapy [3 (60%) vs 4 (20%), p=0.07].Conclusion. Resistance to diuretics is more common among patients with a sodium concentration in a single urine test obtained 2 hours after the first dose of furosemide, less than 50 mmol / l. Evaluation of natriuresis allows to identify insufficient effectiveness of diuretic therapy already at the beginning of treatment.


This paper decribes an optimal scoring policy which is used by the agent in the Robocup middle size league. It's based on the probability theory to determine the probability of scoring in a given situation, to choose the fixed action according to the scoring probability, and to find out which point he should aim for best.


ABSTRACT: The therapeutic workshops and the social cooperatives, while current Mental Health National Politics devices, objectify if it differentiates of the practice predecessors, idea current practices of establishing the work as a therapeutic, well-known resource like 'moral treatment'. In this context, it understands that the workshops, don't introduce by itself an inaugural form of work with the madness. The workshops work experience and/or cooperative becomes positive when one of her functions is also the one of intervene in the citizenship field. Thus, acting in the social scope, contributes like transformation current reality possibility in the that tells respect to the psychiatric treatment.
Keywords: Psychiatric reform, Rehabilitation Psicossocial, Therapeutic Workshops, Social Cooperatives.


Global attention to early childhood education (ECE) has led to an increased focus on ECE teacher training as a critical component of providing young children with access to high-quality ECE programs. In this paper, we ask how Tanzanian stakeholders at different levels of implementation experienced and responded to efforts to build capacity in pre-primary education (PPE) through the introduction of a new PPE diploma program. We examine how national and local stakeholders' responses to the policy were mediated by perceptions of early years teaching, economic realities, and the availability of human and material resources for PPE teacher training. We employ Weaver-Hightower's (2008) ecological approach to policy analysis to make sense of how these environments and structures intersected with the enactment of the PPE diploma program. Drawing on data from the first year of a longitudinal study that employs qualitative methodology to understand the experiences of PPE diploma students, we demonstrate how perceptions about PPE teaching, economic realities and the availability of human and material resources facilitate and constrain program implementation in ways that have implications for its success.


This seminar series considered the screen genre commonly known as the "biopic", which at its most basic level can be defined as a film or television programme with a narrative that focuses on the life of a historical person or persons. Its intention was to provoke discussion within this largely neglected area of academic film and television studies which, despite its status as one of the most commercially and critically successful film and television forms of the twenty-first century, the biopic, and its recent resurgence, has received relatively little scholarly attention. Carolyn Anderson and John Lupo, in the introduction to the Journal of Popular Film and Television's special issue on biopics, describe the form as an "overlooked, underappreciated genre whose ... manifestations deserve new and rigorous scrutiny" (Anderson and Lupo 51). The "Biographical Narratives Postgraduate Seminar Series" aimed to address this call for a reconsideration of the biopic, inviting postgraduate students from across the UK and Ireland to present short papers on this theme and engage in a discussion of the genre with a focus primarily on contemporary manifestations of this form.


Not available – first paragraph follows:
Proper fertilization is more essential for celery than for any other vegetable crop grown in California, and no other vegetable crop gives as large returns on the investment in fertilizer.


Chagas'disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is the main
cause of morbidity and mortality by heart problems in endemic countries in Latin
America. In the present work we employed as experimental models cell cultures and
murine experimental infection to evaluate aspects related to the pathogenesis of this
disease. In the first part we determined through oligonucleotide microarrays the
transcriptomic signatures induced in a myoblast cell line by four reference T. cruzi
strains. We observed that the significantly altered (p<0.05) genes differed for each
strain studied and only 21 suffered changes in the same direction in all four strains.
However, infected myoblasts presented proportional alterations in the the overall
transcriptome. These results indicate that the infection with distinct strains modulate
similar, but not identical, pathways in the host cell. Next we analyzed the impact of T.
cruzi infection on cardiac caveolin-3 (Cav-3) expression, which has an important role
in the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis and is also involved in
cardiac hypertrophy pathways. Both in vitro and in vivo infection induced a significant
reduction of Cav-3 levels. This reduction was followed by the activation of
extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), which plays a major role in cardiac
remodeling and hypertrophy, suggesting that this pathway may be involved in the
pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease. Finally we tested the tripanocidal potential of
the anti-arrhythmic drug amiodarone in infected cultures of cardiac myocytes. This
compound displayed a selective anti-T. cruzi activity, inducing ultrastructural
alterations in intracellular amastigotes and promoted host cell recovery with actin
cytoskeleton and gap junction reassembly, followed by restoration of the
spontaneous contractility. The data generated in this work bring important advances
into the understanding of Chagas heart disease establishment and also a new option
for the etiological treatment of this neglected disease.


Heat reflection property of coatings is in close relationship with fillings in coatings. By theoretical analysis and experiments,this paper narrates the influence of property of reflective pigment on the heat reflection ability of coatings. This paper involves the preparation of a kind of fluoro coatings with high heat reflection property.


A 58-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis, previously decompensation with ascites, presented with jaundice. Abdominal ultrasound identified a shrunken, cirrhotic liver with intrahepatic duct dilatation within the left liver lobe, gallbladder calculi, and a normal bile duct. Subsequent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography identified dilated left and right intrahepatic ducts containing several filling defects, with stricturing of the left main duct and a normal-caliber common bile duct (▶Fig. 1). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with cholangioscopy was performed to assess the stricture and remove presumed intrahepatic stones. ERCP revealed similar features, with stricturing of the left and right main hepatic ducts and significant dilatation of the left intrahepatic ducts, which contained apparent filling defects (▶Fig. 2). Cholangioscopy was performed with the SpyGlass DS II (Boston Scientific). The scope was passed to the left and right intrahepatic ducts, where vascular structures were identified protruding into the lumen with focal dilatations occupying more than 75% of the lumen (▶Video 1). These structures followed the route of the bile ducts, consistent with choledochal varices. The common bile duct was spared and there were no biliary calculi throughout the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts. The patient was started on a nonselective β-blocker (carvedilol) and the jaundice improved slightly (from 65 to 45μmol/L). Abnormalities of the biliary tree relating to portal hypertension can be referred to as "portal hypertensive biliopathy" and are commonly seen in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (81%–100%), but less commonly in patients with cirrhosis (0%–33%) [1]. The abnormalities described include strictures, caliber irregularities, segmental dilatation, and indentations. There is also a predisposition to involvement of the left intrahepatic ducts (55%–100%) more than the right (40%–56%) [1]. The focus of treatment is to ensure adequate biliary drainage by endoscopy, or, if this fails, to consider portosystemic shunt.


Calls for Multilateral Nuclear Approaches (MNAs) have been raised due to growing risks that the expansion of the nuclear power sector poses to a strained international non-proliferation regime. However, MNAs based on comprehensive arrangements lacks feasibility when proposing to divide the world into nuclear fuel suppliers and fuel clients. The growing thirst for energy security, besides the need for technological independency and sovereign access to international nuclear fuel markets are some of the factors undermining the credibility of MNAs as non-proliferation tools.


This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the multiscale mode filters (MSMF) in edge preserving image smoothing tasks. The MSMF can be viewed as a generalization of the mean shift filters. Therefore, the performances of the MSMF are compared with the performances of the mean shift filters. The goal of the study is to identify image types where the MSMF can be used with better results and to quantify the gain obtained by this filter. Compared with the conventional mean shift filter, the MSMF is proven to be most effective in restoring images with blurred edges and high noise levels.


Observations of the damages to high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) wall building structures caused by by recent earthquakes in Chile (Mw 8.8, February 2010) and New Zealand (February 2011, ML 6.3) have generally exceeded expectations. Firstly, this study estimated the seismic damage levels of 15-story RC box-type wall building structures using the analytical models calibrated by the results of a shaking table test on a 1:5 scale 10-story RC box-type wall building model. Then, the seismic fragility analysis of the prototype model was conducted by using the SAC/FEMA method and the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). To compensate for the uncertainties and variability of ground motion and its impacts on the prototype model, in the SAC/FEMA method, a total of 61 ground motion records were selected from 20 earthquakes, with a magnitude ranging from 5.9 to 8.8 and an epicentral distance ranging from 5 to 105km. In the IDA, a total of 11 ground motion records were used based on the uniform hazard response spectrum representing a return period of 2,475 years. As a result, the probabilities that the limits of the serviceability, damage control, and collapse prevention would be exceeded were as follows: from the SAC/FEMA method: 79%, 0.3%, and 0%, respectively; and from the IDA: 57%, 1.7%, and 0%, respectively.


Abstract We demonstrate here the atomic‐level detection of the associated migration of individual atoms, occurring in carbon nano‐peapods by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). Through the atomic defects induced at the fullerene cage, the encapsulated individual metal atoms (Tb and Gd) are transferred from cage to cage through an induced atomic path within a carbon nano‐peapod. The present results indicate the possibilities for a method to convey single‐atoms by using an "atomic carry‐bag" such as fullerenes.


This cross-sectional study explored whether the association between perceived family support and child well-being was moderated by the individual trait of Environmental Sensitivity (the ability to register, process, and respond to stimuli) and cardiac vagal tone (CVT, an index of self-regulation) in a sample of children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Participating children (N = 131, Mage = 7.20 years, 47% boys) were individually interviewed about the support received within the family as well as their physical and emotional well-being. Children's sensitivity was assessed via a series of behavioral tasks, and CVT was recorded at rest. Hierarchical cluster analysis on the behavioral items yielded three sensitivity groups: "Low sensitive" (43%), "Moderately sensitive" (33%), and "Highly sensitive" (24%). The three groups of children did not differ in baseline CVT. However, linear regression analyses revealed that at low and average levels of family support, highly sensitive children with higher resting CVT reported better well-being than those with low resting CVT, whereas no effect was observed among children in the other two groups. In the context of high family support, children reported high levels of well-being irrespective of their levels of vagal activity or sensitivity. The findings suggest that among low SES families, when children experience a poorly supportive family environment and are highly sensitive to negative experiences, having a higher resting CVT may confer an advantage in terms of well-being. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.


The Vignette entitled "Editing" ([5 Sept., p. 1445][1]) features an example of a rewritten text for a museum exhibit taken from A Field Guide for Science Writers: The Official Guide of the National Association of Science Writers that I think captures the worst of current science writing. The edited example conveys little about the scientific content of the exhibit being described. There is nothing wrong with a familiar analogy, but "TRESPASSING IN THE BLOOD- STREAM" gives the impression that early atherosclerosis is an invasion from outside. A good analogy adds meaning; using the analogy of a slowing of traffic in an otherwise smooth conduit might have been more informative. The scientist could have been depicted as a helicopter traffic reporter, finding the source of congestion by observing at a distance (not as the scientist-as-detective, a well-worn cliche). I hope that the National Association of Science Writers put this in their book as a negative example.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.277.5331.1444


This study seeks to quantify the potential contribution of one of the most disadvantaged groups in Europe, namely Europe's population of disabled people, to the attainment of the Europe 2020 Strategy targets via the monitoring of a number of indicators, at a time when, given the current economic crisis, the majority of European countries are struggling to attain these goals. The impact of changes in the situation of disabled people is simulated using micro data drawn from the 2009 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Our results show that improving the socio-economic situation of the disabled population could be crucial for attaining Europe 2020 targets. However, future policy designs at national level will need to take into account the actual definition of disability that is employed, the heterogeneity of circumstances to be found within such a definition, and the gap between the situation of the disabled and non-disabled populations.


Fibrovascular polyp (FVP) is a benign tumor of the upper esophagus which can remain silent for a long period of time until it becomes large enough to cause symptoms such as: vomiting and air way obstruction. In the following article, we present a 54 years old female complaining from (FVP) regurgitating from her mouth upon coughing. Upon surgery, the findings was consistent with fibrotic tissue isolating areas of adipose tissue.


Whereas the usefulness of the tetrahydro-pyranyl residue for the activation of esters is rather limited, it is of definite value for the temporary etherification of the hydroxyl groups of tyrosine and serine derivatives. The stability of tetrahydro-pyranyl ethers towards alkali and the rapid hydrolysis by acids permit a great variety of transformations of these amino acid derivatives. The only disadvantage adherent to the use of the tetrahydro-pyranyl group is the introduction of a new asymmetric center.


There are some similarities between the spiral wave in excitable media and in cardiac tissue. Much evidence shows that the appearance and instability of the spiral wave in cardiac tissue can be linked to one kind of heart disease. There are many models that can be used to investigate the formation and instability of the spiral wave. Cardiac tissue is excitable and elastic, and it is interesting to simulate the transition and instability of the spiral wave induced by media deformation. For simplicity, a class of the modified Fitzhugh–Nagumo (MFHN) model, which can generate a stable rotating spiral wave, meandering spiral wave and turbulence within appropriate parameter regions, will be used to simulate the instability of the spiral wave induced by the periodical deformation of media. In the two-dimensional case, the total acreage of elastic media is supposed to be invariable in the presence of deformation, and the problem is described with Lx × Ly = N × ΔxN × Δy = L′xL′y = N × Δx′N × Δy′. In our studies, elastic media are decentralized into N × N sites and the space of the adjacent sites is changed to simulate the deformation of elastic media. Based on the nonlinear dynamics theory, the deformation effect on media is simplified and simulated by perturbing the diffusion coefficients Dx and Dy with different periodical signals, but the perturbed diffusion coefficients are compensatory. The snapshots of our numerical results find that the spiral wave can coexist with the spiral turbulence, instability of the spiral wave and weak deformation of the spiral wave in different conditions. The ratio parameter ε and the frequency of deformation forcing play a deterministic role in inducing instability of the spiral wave. Extensive studies confirm that the instability of the spiral wave can be induced and developed only if an appropriate frequency for deformation is used. We analyze the power spectrum for the time series of the mean activator of four sampled sites which are selected symmetrically in different cases, such as the condition that the spiral wave coexists with the spiral turbulence, spiral wave without evident deformation, complete instability of the spiral wave (turbulence) and weak deformation of the spiral wave. It is found that more new peaks appear in the power spectrum and the distribution of frequency becomes sparser when the spiral wave encounters instability.


chosen for the purpose, covered in logical order, and treated in some generality. There are many exercises; they tend to be the fill-in-the-details or the explore-related-topics types, though a sizeable minority are more specific. On this side of the Atlantic the treatment seems rather pure and abstract, but it is in keeping with a Continental tradition that places topics such as approximation in a general context and that views a solid grounding in rigorous functional analysis as indispensable. A price is paid for all the generality and thoroughness: after 400 pages, one needs to go to the second and third volumes (not yet translated?) to find topics from integration on. It is not clear to me how these books would fit the usual curriculum in the United States. They might be an excellent choice for supplementary reading for very strong students in a standard course, or as the basis for a seminar that followed a standard course. They could also serve as a background reference for any user of basic analysis who wishes to have at hand an overall picture of the rigorous logical development of the subject. Measure theory has long been considered as an abstract setup, of interest mainly to pure mathematicians. Applied mathematicians could live with probability distributions of random variables, which, although clearly related, appear to be a more concrete mathematical tool. However, measure theory is not just a mathematical abstraction to provide a rigorous framework for probability theory. It has appeared, in the development of research, as a powerful tool to obtain significant results in applied fields, like control, filtering, and more recently finance and others. Today, Girsanov's theorem is a standard tool for engineers and economists. More widely, the technique of change of measures is extremely useful in applications. The concept of risk-neutral probability in finance, which has permitted so many developments, relies on these concepts and methods. However, in spite of this broad spectrum of applications, measure theory has remained confined to abstract probability books. This is why the book of Aggoun and Elliott is extremely timely in filling a gap between the users of applications of measure theory and the the-oreticians. The main interest of this book is to combine the mathematical developments with numerous significant applications. So it will be a reference for those who want to use the potential of measure theory in concrete problems. The numerous applications treated constitute …


Objective A study was performed to better define the teaching outcome of computers in teaching medical imaging. Methods 150 4rd-year students were randomly assigned to four groups and experimental group exposed to 20 radiology cases as well as to a voluntary weekly radiology lecture. Group A used computer-based cases with interactive elements; group B used computer-based cases without interactive elements; group C used paper-based cases with interactive elements; and group D was not exposed to the cases and served as a control group. Results On a multiple-choice question test,groups A,B,and C showed significant improvemen(t+10.6%,+15.7%,+13.5%,respectively),whereas group D did not(+2.7%). On an image interpretation test,group A and group B showed the most improvement (+15.8%,P 0.001),and group C (+10.8%,P 0.05); group D showed no significant improvement (+8. 1%). Conclusions Computer-based teaching with case studies (with or without interactivity) improves students'clinical problem-solving ability in medical imaging.


For complicated stress condition of the main beam of cable stayed bridge,the initial structure dimension is commonly determined according to experience in design and the relatively optimum structure that satisfies the requirement is obtained through several calculations.In this paper,combined with Junshan Yangtze River cable stayed bridge project,through analyzing singular problems of traditional evolutionary structural topological optimization,the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization that can ensure convergence is advanced.Thus the topological optimization of beam cross section of cable stayed bridge is studied.


This paper investigates what words map from the source domain of PLANT in Mandarin Chinese. In particular, we examine how different aspects of the source domain of PLANT are mapped onto the different target domains of LOVE, MARRIAGE, HAPPINESS, and BELIEFS. We found that mapping principles can account for the different mappings (Ahrens 2000).


Widespread adoption of redox flow batteries (RFBs) for renewable energy storage is inhibited by a relatively high cost of storage. This is due largely to typical RFBs requiring two flows, two external tanks, and expensive ion-exchange membranes. Here, we propose a potentially inexpensive Zn-Br 2 RFB which is membraneless and requires only a single flow. The flow is an emulsion consisting of a continuous, Br 2 -poor aqueous phase and a dispersed, Br 2 -rich organic phase through the channel separating anode and cathode. With our prototype cell, we explore the effect of organic phase volume fraction and Br 2 concentration on cell performance and plating efficiencies. We demonstrate high discharge currents of up to 270 mA/cm 2 , plating efficiencies up to 88%, and dendriteless plating up to the highest Zn loading investigated of 250 mAh/cm 2 . We provide mechanistic insights into cell behavior, and elucidate paths towards unlocking ultra-low-cost single-flow RFBs with multiphase flow.


Synopsis The annual life cycle of natural population was analysed for two herbage breeding species, ScaptontyzapaUidtz and Drosophila nimponica, by studying female reproductive conditiens, In the Ishikari Lowland of Hokkaido, northern Japan, Sc, paliidti passes through three, but partially two, geneyations per year, while D. nipponica two, but partially three. Both species hibernate as adults, probably in the cenditiQn of reproductive cliapause regulated by daylength andXor temperatuve.


Introduction. There is mounting evidence that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) based on physical activity has a positive influence on the degree of disability and level of quality of life, in addition to playing an important and beneficial role in modifying morbidity and mortality. Discussion. Patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction, are candidates for cardiac rehabilitation as an essential component of their care. Clinical evaluation, optimization of pharmacotherapy, physical training, psychological rehabilitation, evaluation and reduction of coronary disease risk factors, lifestyle modification, and patient education are the components that should be included in comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation. Immediately following the acute phase of a myocardial infarction, the designated team (consisting of a physician, physiotherapist, nurse, psychologist, dietician, and social worker) should begin comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation. This rehabilitation should contain individualized programs that are designed to optimize the patient's physical, psychological, social, and emotional status. It is recommended that the modern model of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation be started as soon as possible, continued for the required amount of time, properly staged, and individualized depending on the clinical status of the patients. Conclusion. Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction is an exercise method that could improve the post myocardial infarct patient's living quality, includes increasing cardiac ejection fraction, exercise tolerance, and physical status. Therefore, it can decrease rate of rehospitalization in patient post myocardial infarct.


The paper deals with a new Regulation No. 1215/2012, having come into force on 10 January 2015, on jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters. Since the rules on those matters were included in the previous Regulation at the EU level, the article reveals the proposals made for its amendment, as well as the accepted proposals. It also attempts to evaluate whether the new rules that came into force shall guarantee the effective recognition and enforcement of judgements. The paper identifies the problems which shall not be solved by the newly adopted rules. KEYWORDS: European Union, Regulation No. 1215/2012, European Commission, co-operation in civil and commercial matters, jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v72i3.1165


a Reynolds number of about either 2000 or 8000, suggesting that laminar flow was unlikely or very unlikely. The fact that a rectangular hyperbola emerged is used as evidence that laminar flow was present, but this is merely an artefact of the method chosen. The reciprocal of any straight line through the origin is a rectangular hyperbola, and only a straight line through the origin can result from linear regression with a fixed, zero intercept. There was no justification for the choice of a fixed, zero intercept: there may be a zeroflow (positive) pressure, for example. No evidence, such as a residual plot or correlation coefficient, is given that the regression line is actually a good fit for the data, or that some other curve doesn't fit better. The authors have described a clinical device that could be very useful. I am likely to use their idea when the need arises. However, it is unlikely that flow was laminar in their experiment, nor is it in clinical situations. Indeed, if laminar flow did exist in clinical intravenous infusions their device would be redundant.


EDITOR Any measure that will reduce the incidence of paracetamol poisoning is to be welcomed. Hawton et al report the impact of legislation restricting pack sizes of paracetamol and salicylate on self poisoning,1 but there are major limitations in interpretation for example, the period studied after the legislation came into force is too short (one year) for its impact to be fully assessed. This is particularly relevant in the assessment of patients with acute liver disease as the numbers are small and there will be baseline variability.2 The data from the liver unit at King's College Hospital cross the line indicating an incidence rate ratio of 1, and the data from Leeds, Newcastle, and the Royal Free Hospital have incidences close to zero.1