The purpose of this study is to validate two existing codes used by the Systems Analysis Branch at NASA ARC, and to modify the codes so they can be used to generate and analyze waverider aircraft at on-design and off-design conditions. To generate waverider configurations and perform the on-design analysis, the appropriately named Waverider code is used. The Waverider code is based on the Taylor-Maccoll equations. Validation is accomplished via a comparison with previously published results. The Waverider code is modified to incorporate a fairing to close off the base area of the waverider configuration. This creates a more realistic waverider. The Hypersonic Aircraft Vehicle Optimization Code (HAVOC) is used to perform the off-design analysis of waverider configurations generated by the Waverider code. Various approximate analysis methods are used by HAVOC to predict the aerodynamic characteristics, which are validated via a comparison with experimental results from a hypersonic test model.


With the rapid development of AI (artificial intelligence) in recent years, AI has been widely used in the image processing of iron tailings. The main component of iron tailings is silica, which is the most difficult part of the iron tailing composition to fuse. Therefore, the melting behavior of iron tailings can be characterized by the melting behavior of silica. First of all, in the actual production process, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace exceeds 1500 °C, which leads to a short service life of the conventional testing equipment. A line array CCD (charge coupled device) camera system with amplification effect was used to acquire data on silica in a high-temperature melt pool in a non-contact manner. The corundum crucible position is fixed, which can be used to establish a two-dimensional coordinate system to reproduce the object's motion pattern to solve the problem of the short service life of conventional inspection equipment. The color and wobble problems generated by the Rift Valley CCD system when taking pictures need to be corrected for accurate image processing. Secondly, the change in the center-of-mass position of silica during melting was studied using the temporal images of silica in a high-temperature melt pool, and the edge contour features were extracted from the silica images and filled inside the contours, from which the mass, area and perimeter were obtained. Finally, the volume change of silica in the time series image is calculated after eliminating the effect of background factors, and the 2D image is constructed into a 3D image. We built a SFS (shape from shading) model according to the lighting conditions, and the actual melting rate of silica is calculated accordingly. According to the model calculation results, it can be seen that with the change in time, silica surface area under heat gradually decreases, then the silica melting rate gradually decreases; among them, the faster melting rate is about 0.007 cubic millimeter/second, and the slower melting rate is about 0.0015 cubic millimeter/second. Data support was provided for the blast furnace slag direct fiber formation process. The introduction of the algorithmic model into the actual production process has certain advantages. Therefore, the SFS model established in this paper has some practical value and is worth promoting in related enterprises.


The employment of earthworks and breastworks in defense of dense communities is considered in light of the advice of Baron Henri de Jomini through the Secretary of Defense, soi-disant to be sure. Our Constitutional Logic investigates why Madison was not impeached after August 25, 1814.


Quantum information and computing are at the forefront of computer science, but their implementation relies on significant developments in materials science. In particular, suitable, lattice-matched substrates for two promising approaches—electrostatically defined quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostructures, and superconducting circuits containing Josephson junctions—do not exist. Instead, these approaches rely on metamorphic substrates. In this article, we focus on the general structure and requirements of SiGe quantum dot heterostructures, the demands they impose on the underlying substrate, and the impact that properties of the metamorphic substrate have on device performance. Superconductor Josephson junction materials are briefly discussed in a similar fashion, and opportunities for future developments in both systems are described.


Study of PcP phases from eight explosions and three earthquakes shows that the initial direction of motion of PcP reverses at an epicentral distance of about 32° and that PcP amplitudes pass through a minimum at this distance. The effects are caused by properties of the core-mantle boundary. Calculations of reflection coefficients at a plane solid-liquid boundary show that a model with P and S velocities at the bottom of the mantle of 13.64 km/sec and 7.30 km/sec, respectively; with a P velocity at the top of the core of 7.5 km/sec; and with a ratio of core density to mantle density of 1.0 will satisfy the observations of amplitude and change of initial phase of PcP. A range of similar models with velocities at the top of the core down to 7.2 km/sec and density ratios as high as 1.05 will also satisfy the observations. Amplitude observations of PKKP phases also satisfy the model. The new structure is in sharp contrast to the structure of conventional models that have a core velocity of about 8.1 km/sec and a density ratio of about 1.7, but such models will not satisfy the new data. One way to reconcile the new structure near the core-mantle boundary with other relevant information is to assume a model in which the lowermost mantle is inhomogeneous. The inhomogeneity is caused by an increase in iron or other heavy metal content with depth, which increases the mean atomic weight and the density with little change in P velocity. The drop in P velocity across the core-mantle boundary may then be explained by a step increase in mean atomic weight with little change in density. The Adams-Williamson equation will not be valid in the regions in which the changes in density and mean atomic weight are postulated. The incompressibility is not continuous across the core-mantle boundary. PcP travel-time observations do not permit resolution of irregularities at the core-mantle boundary of less than about 5° in slope and about ±5 km in height. The scatter of the observed travel times from a least-squares fit does not indicate slopes of over 6° or elevation differences much over 5 km on the core-mantle boundary.


Background: Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) and Locomotive syndrome (Loc-S) have been in focus for years. Authors have reduced weight of patients with Met-S and Loc-S by exercise and Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD). Moreover, we continued clinical research and enlightening activity about LCD through Japan LCD Promoting Association (JLCDPA).
Intervention Program: Enrolled subjects were obese patients with 715 men and 2058 women with 62.2 ± 12.1 years. They attended the intervention of weight reduction program by LCD and exercise. The advisers were registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and physical/exercise therapists, and they regularly interviewed the cases for 6-12 months. LCD included 33% of carbohydrate, and exercise included aerobic and anaerobic exercises with 10 kinds of machines.
Results and Discussion: The pre-weight vs post-weight is 63.7 ± 11.6 kg vs 59.4±10.8 kg in average, and 61.8 kg vs 57.5 kg in median. Further, quartiles values on 25%-75% were 55.5 kg-69.9 kg vs 51.5 kg-65.3 kg, respectively. The weight reduction was 6.6% in average, and 2.6%-9.8% in quartiles 25%-75%. The distribution shape of both pre- and post-weight in the figure showed slight shift to left direction by 4.3 kg in average. These results suggest that combined therapy would be successful in the presence of advisers, and that data would become basal data for future research.


The main body of this thesis describes how to calculate scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images from first-principles methods. The theory is based on localized orbital density functional theory ...


Objective
To observe the expression changes of inflammatory cytokines of human tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) under uniaxial stretching.

Methods
TDSCs were isolated from human gracilis tendon by collagenase digestion at very low density. Cells were detected for surface markers by flow cytometry, and tested for multi-differentiation potential in vitro. Repetitive uniaxial stretching was applied on the cells at 0%, 4%, 8% or 10% strain. Under the microscopy, cell alignment was observed after mechanical stretching.Expressions of inflammation factors COX-2 and MMP-1 were detected by qPCR and western blotting.

Results
TDSCs were successfully isolated from human gracilis tendon. Inflammatory cytokines CD29, CD44 and CD105 were positive, but CD45 and CD14 were negative. TDSCs could differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes in vitro. Cells were not realigned 4 hours after mechanical stretching. MMP-1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated at 4% strain (0.090±0.007) compared to that at 0% strain (0.247±0.032, P 0.05). MMP-1 and COX-2 mRNA expressions at 8% strain (0.168±0.040 and 0.007±0.001) revealed no significant differences from those at 0% strain (0.134±0.075 and 0.006±0.003) (P>0.05), whereas at 10% strain MMP-1 and COX-2 mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulated (0.047±0.003 and 0.496±0.036) compared to those at 0% strain (0.011±0.003 and 0.005±0.003)(P<0.05). Changes in MMP-1 and COX-2 protein expressions revealed similar trend as their mRNA expressions. In contrast to the setting of 0% strain, 4% strain induced down-regulated MMP-1 and COX-2 proteins, 8% strain induced no significant changes in MMP-1 and COX-2 proteins, and 10% strain induced up-regulated COX-2 protein despite minor increase in MMP-1 protein.

Conclusions
Mechanical stretching can affect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Low tensile stretch is associated with decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines while high tensile stretch promotes secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

Key words:
Mesenchymal stem cells; Inflammation; Uniaxial stretching


The novel compound bis(1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane)cadmium(II) decaiodide, [Cd(C(8)H(16)O(4))(2)]I(10), contains the [Cd(12-crown-4)(2)](2+) complex cation, triiodide ions and iodine molecules. Two triiodide ions and two iodine molecules form isolated twisted I(10)(2-) rings. The geometry of the complex cation is as expected, e.g. d(Cd-O) = 2.366 (4) and 2.394 (4) A.


There has been no literature elaborating on the influence of The Third Industrial Revolution on future transportation development so far. Based on Jeremy Rifkin's views on The Third Industrial Revolution and internal rules of transportation development,this paper attempts to analyze the influence of The Third Industrial Revolution on future transportation development and outline the transportation development trend as well as development mode. In light of the Revolution,renewable energy with zero emission will be utilized to form ecological transportation system. Thus,transportation,as an important means of regional connection, will have a harmonious relationship with surrounding environment. Transport hub will be served as a crucial center for cargo collection,distribution and delivery to provide a significant tunnel for logistic service supply chain,build flexible transportation system for individuation demand and smart transport with intensive information.


To the Editor:— On page 1016 of the issue of Dec. 8, 1945 there appears an article on treatment of the bite of a black widow spider which exemplifies an overzealous search for symptoms with an apparent lack of consideration for the comfort of the patient. The most elementary knowledge of therapeutics would indicate treatment, the first suggested by Osler's Practice, which has been satisfactory to both the patient and myself during an experience extending over forty years of practice in a Southern rural region. One-fourth grain (0.016 Gm.) of morphine, repeated as necessary, will afford relief, and nature will do the rest. The statement that "six and one-half hours after the bite the patient still showed no sign of having obtained relief," while they had, probably in desperation, given one-half grain (0.032 Gm.) of codeine sulfate, suggests a prejudice against narcotics which is difficult for a country practitioner to


This study aims to determine the factors that affect the income retailer Pinang in District Matang Kuli North Aceh. This study uses primary data and obtained through questionnaire and interview to Pinang retailer in as many as 54 people. The data analysis is done by using Multiple Linear Regression model with the help of SPSS program. The results showed that working capital, working hours and prices have an effect simultaneously and significantly to Pinang retailer income. Furthermore, partially working capital has positive and significant effect to Pinang retailer income. While working hours and prices partially do not have a significant effect on Pinang retailer income in Matang Kuli North Aceh. Keywords : Working Capital, Working Hours, Price, Revenue


Abstract : The mean vertical profile of the refractivity turbulence structure constant CN2 and its variability with season, time of day, and background weather conditions at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM from approximately 5 to 20 km altitude are described. Observations, taken with a very high frequency 5O MHz profiling radar located at WSMR from January 1991 through April 1994, are used to describe the variability of windspeed, vertical wind shear, spectral width, and volume reflectivity calibrated as CN2. CN2 is lognormally distributed, shows very small diurnal and interannual variation at all heights, has maximum value in the troposphere during summer, and shows small seasonal variation in the stratosphere. The typical time between statistically independent observations of CN2 is approximately 2 h. Daily values of CN2 depend strongly on local weather conditions, resulting in a strong correlation of meridional wind direction in the troposphere and indicators of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere. A simple regression model for estimating CN2 is presented.


In this survey the use of OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of malaria was evaluated. It was proved that this test allowed to diagnose the Plasmodium sp. antigen in 72% of examined blood specimens, 82% for P. falciparum infection and 69% for P. vivax, whereas P. ovale was not detected at all. The test sensitivity depended on the parasitemia level. It showed a sensitivity of 100% for parasitemia density exceeded 1%, 95.4% with the parasitemia ranging from 0.1-0.99%. For lower parasite density, the test's sensitivity was of 32 and 60%. The OptiMAL test showed a 99.1% specificity thus it revealed to be significantly high.


This paper presents a novel approach to enhancing main battle tank (MBT) training through the recreation of realistic interior panels. By utilizing microcontrollers and electronic components, a working control panel simulator is developed, allowing trainees to interact with the specific systems and controls of MBTs. The integration of Unreal Engine 4 as the simulation environment provides a highly realistic visual rendering and robust physics simulation capabilities, creating an immersive training experience. The study highlights the potential of combining hardware implementation and advanced simulation technologies in MBT training.


ObjectiveTo assess the clinical efficiency of tension free vaginal tape(TVT) procedure in the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).MethodsTen cases of SUI were subjected to the TVT procedure.ResultsPostoperative urinary retention occurred in 2 cases and relieved after one week of indwelling catheter,bladder injury in 1 case.All cases of SUI were cured.None of them recured after being followed up for 2~12 months.ConclusionThe TVT procedure is a safe,mini-invasive and effective surgical method for treatment of SUI.


Ten years ago, when the second edition of this volume was published, AIDS was just surfacing as a major health problem, the Internet was unheard of, no one knew what a virtual library was, and the Cold War seemed destined to remain a disruptive international force. Remarkably stable, however, have been the contents of this important volume. The third edition of Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences has added to the second edition when needed, while retaining the important elements that have made this volume such a unique information source. This handy guide's primary purpose is "to discuss various types of reference and information sources and their use in reference work in the health sciences, regardless of format," with an emphasis on US publications and libraries. As expected, the major change between the second and third editions is the inclusion of information on electronic sources. The topics cover


The selective population transfer method has been applied to the study of a secondary amide and of the corresponding iminium salt. Important signal-to-noise enhancements were accessible in both fully coupled and proton decoupled 15N and 13C spectra. Moreover, the resolving power of the method was exploited for the accurate determination of long range 15N1H coupling constants. Experiments in which the selective inversion of transitions pertaining to the 15N satellite spectrum of multiplets which themselves constitute the 13C satellite spectrum of the main proton resonances could be carried out. The influence of a change from the amide to the iminium structure on the magnitudes and the signs of various 15N1H and 15N13C coupling constants is discussed.


Abstract Satellite-derived vegetation indices extracted over locations representative of midwestern U.S. cropland and forest for the period 1990–94 are analyzed to determine the sensitivity of the indices to neutron probe soil moisture measurements of the Illinois Climate Network (ICN). The deseasoned (i.e., departures from multiyear mean annual cycle) soil moisture measurements are shown to be weakly correlated with the deseasoned full resolution (1 km × 1 km) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) data over both land cover types. The association, measured by the Pearson-moment-correlation coefficient, is stronger over forest than over cropland during the growing season (April–September). The correlations improve successively when the NDVI and FVC pixel data are aggregated to 3 km × 3 km, 5 km × 5 km, and 7 km × 7 km areas. The improved correlations are partly explained by the reduction in satellite navigation errors as spatial aggregation occurs, as well as t...


The total venous anesthesia involves the realization of continuous drugs infusion, being the most utilized hypnotic to this purpose, the propofol. Aiming to improve the technique, different tools were being developed to facilitate the use of continuous infusion drugs on anesthesia. Propofol it́ s a liposoluble drug that distributes itself through the corporal compartments after being intravenous infused and the tricompartimental model it́ s the one that best describes it. The Marsh model marked the beginning of the commercial usage of target-controlled anesthesia, the size of the corporal compartments were estimate by the total body weight and the elimination and intercompartmental transferences rates were consider fixed. The Schnider Model appears after the advent of electroencephalogram processed monitoring. The model considers V1 and V3 as fixed, does not depend of the weight, and takes in place different variables to the V2 calculation. The Marsh model doesń t have adjustment according to age group and presents understated propofol plasmatic concentrations at the elderly age. A great benefit of Schnider model is the dose and infusion rates adjustment, according to the age, From Pharmacokinetic models for target controlled infusion of propofol: comparing Marsh and Schnider Carlos Weber1, Thobias Zapaterra César1, Antônio Soares1, Ana Maria Ruiz Combat 2 Modelos farmacocinéticos para infusão alvo-controlada de propofol: comparativo entre Marsh e Schnider DOI: 10.5935/2238-3182.20160065


Neutron energy spectra were simulated by the MCNP code.The neutron energy spectra and corresponding average energy of off-coupling box,irradiation channel and outer surface of the off-coupling cover were calculated.The results indicate that about 90% neutrons are in the energy range of 0.05–3 MeV.The average neutron energy of off-coupling box and irradiation channel present "S" shape along distance,and space asymmetry must be considered.The average neutron energy above off-coupling cover's 45° woof fluctuates slightly and it is an appropriate irradiation area.


I 皿 the former report , we proposed a simpl 洫 ed new autopilot 町 stem 輌 th 幽 c ction us 血 血 el maneuverjng modeL And we demonstrated the actual sea tests of the proposed system In this p3per , we propose an extended new tracking system of the former simplified one . In this system , the ship ' s positio 皿 is estimated by using 血 1 Fnter 舳 s g 血 e es 廿 ted posiUon , 血 e α oss mck e π 。 r from 血 e desired track is estimated . 1 [ he estimated cross track error are input into the ship ' s motion e 甜 tor 齟 using 血 e K 訓 m 班 l Fil 缸 tec que , 血 e optimal estimates of ship ' s maneuvering state variables composed of ship ' s latera 且 speed , yaw rate , yaw 」 cross track error and its changhlg rate are estimated . At las ち the estimated maneuvering variables are input hlto the LQG controller calculation blod 【 a 皿 d the optima 且 command of the nldder angle is calculated . In the report , wc describe the theory of this trackmg SyStem , the result of simulatien to determ 血 e the filter gain and the actual sea tests , ,


The study assessed the factors influencing Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosun L.) output in Jos-South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to describe and compare the socio-economic characteristics of male and female Irish potato farmers; determine and compare the factors influencing potato output among male and female, and identify the constraints faced by male and female potato farmers. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires administered to 160 respondents selected randomly in proportion to the number and gender in each of the four selected districts. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The mean age for male and female were 47 and 44 respectively. Majority of both male (77.10%) and female (77.8%) were married. Similarly, 52.80 and 56.70% of male and female respondents attained primary education. The mean farming experience for male and female were 11 and 10 years, respectively. Both had mean extension contact of 2 per annum. The result of multiple regression for male showed R of 56% and education, farm size and extension contact were significant and positive, while for female the R was 44% and age, household size, farm size and farming experience were significant. Some of the major constraints affecting both male and female potato farmers include diseases, low number of extension visit, high cost of inputs and pest. The study recommends that Research institutes and other relevant authorities need to intensify their efforts in addressing the problem of potato pests and diseases, which would ensure profitability among the farmers.


When 2α,5-epOxy-5α-cholestan-3-one5) (1a) and 17β-acetoxy-2α, 5-epoxy-5α-androstan-3one5) (1c) were treated with tosylhydrazine, the corresponding tosylhydrazones (1b and 1d) could be isolated in high yields, but in neither case were any fragmentation products obtained. Therefore we turned to a study of the Bamford—Stevens reaction of lb and ld. The tosylhydrazone (1b) on heating with lithium hydride10) in toluene or xylene furnished the C1-H


This paper highlights a variety of meanings and usage of the imperative verb in Arabic semantic and its signifance in the discipline of Usul al-Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence). It begins with the definitions of Arabic imperative verb as defined by the scholars of linguistics and the Quranic interpretors as well. The study discovers that there is a variety of literal and contextual meanings of Arabic imperative verb that can be found from the Quranic verses, the Sunnah of the Prophet P.B.U.H. and Arabic poems as discussed by the Quranic interpretors, the Sunnah commentators as well as the scholars of linguistics. As a matter of fact, this factor contributes to the derivation of different Islamic legal rulings from their sources even though they are acquired from the same Arabic imperative verb. Thus, it is crucial to the Mujtahid or Muslim jurist to understand the nature and the practical application of Arabic imperative verb in deriving Islamic legal rules from their sources which are primarily in Arabic. In addition, this paper presents the beauty of Arabic language that is chosen by Allah to be the language of the Holy Quran, as the main guidance for the whole mankind and the implication of this study towards the teaching and learning Arabic.


Paraganglioma are rare type of neuroendocrine tumors that arise from embryonic neural crest. Paraganglioma of adrenal medulla is known as Pheochromocytoma. Extra-adrenal localization is observed in 5-10% of all paragangliomas, which can extend from upper cervical region to pelvis related to autonomic nervous system in a functional, secreting catecholamines, or non-functional phenotypes. Bladder paraganglioma is outside the usual distribution of paraganglionic tissue accounting for <0.05% of all bladder tumors. Nonfunctional paraganglioma of the bladder (NPB) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) are subtypes of bladder tumors, but which are entirely different entities with distinct tissue origins and anatomical locations. However due to the similarities in their clinical features and cystoscopic features NPB is often misdiagnosed as UCB whose therapeutic approach and prognosis are completely different. We present a case of paraganglioma in a 45-year-old male presenting with haematuria. Clinical provisional diagnosis rendered based on cystoscopic findings and radiology was urothelial carcinoma; however, was confirmed to be a case of paraganglioma of bladder on histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Cystoscopic biopsy is of high diagnostic value, which should be considered in the preoperative diagnosis of NPB.


Introduction: Postsurgical oedema (PSE) is a common complication encountered in the dental field following different surgical procedures including wisdom teeth extraction and other periodontal and implant surgeries. Arnica Montana (AM) is a homeopathic agent which may represent as a safe, effective and an alternative agent for Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID) medications to prevent or decrease the risk of PSE. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of practicing dentists and their experiences using AM supplements in their daily practice for management of PSE. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, crosssectional self reported electronic based study to survey practicing dentists on the application of AM in daily dental practice conducted from January to September 2021. The electronic survey included 13 questions on: 1) dentist's demographics and educational backgrounds; 2) knowledge related to AM supplement; and 3) previous experience, if any, with AM use for management of PSE. The survey was distributed to potential subjects and descriptive statistics was used to summarise the data, and presented as percentages and frequencies using Microsoft Excel for mac (Version 16.40). Results: A total of 84 subjects participated in the survey, out of which 23 (27.3%) were familiar with AM use in dentistry. Overall, 15 participants (65.2%) indicated preventions or reduction of PSE risk and pain and seven participants reported prevention and reduction of postsurgical discolouration and bleeding (30.4%) as potential indications for AM use. In total, eight participants (34.7%) have prescribed AM to patients before, mainly for external and internal sinus grafting (4/8; 50% for both) and surgical extraction of impacted teeth (2/8; 25%). Out of all, five participants (5/8; 62.5%) reported significant benefit with using AM following a surgical procedure and four participants (50%) reported numbness of the lips, altered taste sensation and increased bleeding as associated toxicities. Conclusion: From the present study the uses and user based experienced of the material AM in the field of dentistry can be well understood and analysed. This was the first survey to discuss the knowledge and application of AM among dentists from various specialties.


The mango fruit by presenting climacteric behavior restricts the time to market a few days. Thus the study to evaluate whether the application of gibberellic acid pre-harvest lengthens the shelf life of fruits without changing the quality. Fruits Tommy Atkins underwent three applications by immersion so that the doses used were 0 mg.L-1, 50 mg.L-1, 100 mg.L-1, 150 mg.L-1 and 200 mg.L-1 gibberellic acid. After harvest, they were transported and stored at 25o C ±3oC and analyzed every tree days (0, 3, 6 an d 9 days after harvest) in accordance with the following parameters: acidity titratable, soluble solids, color and respiratory rate. Doses above 50 mg.L-1 influenced the content of soluble solids, organic acids and respiratory activity during storage. While in the analysis of color, the fruits treated with 100 mg.L-1gibberellic acid had higher value to browning and shade of yellow at the end the experiment. High doses of gibberellic acid provided earlier maturity when applied above 50 mg.L-1, and also didn't influence the quality of mangoes.


Improved communication and charging circuit for an implantable medical device, having a single coil for reception and data telemetry and charging energy. Circuit, in order to tune the tank circuit to different frequencies for telemetry and charging, remove the tuning capacitor and switch to conventional use from the AC side of the circuit. Accordingly, the tank circuit is briefly, not accommodating the switchable components can be difficult implementation. Switch, are connected in series to the DC side of the storage capacitor of the circuit, to replace the conventional switch by tuning the circuit for telemetry or charging. In telemetry, the switch is opened, disconnect the storage capacitor from the tank circuit, a capacitor is to alleviate the concerns that interfere with the telemetry operating attached to the tank circuit. During charging, switch is closed, the storage capacitor is allowed to bind to the tank circuit via a rectifier in the resonant part of the tank circuit. .FIELD 4A


Discourse and crisis contains a collection of studies on the discursive construction of 'crisis' in a wider sense, exploring how crises are 'being essentially socially produced and discursively constituted' (4), using a broad range of methods including Conversation Analysis and Corpus Assisted Discourse Analysis. Methodologically dominant are, however, various forms of Critical Discourse Analysis. The volume is divided into three main parts, each containing chapters on one major context of crisis discourse: organisational discourse, political discourse, and media discourse. The three parts are framed by a two-chapter introduction and an epilogue that give the volume a thorough theoretical base. In their introduction, the editors develop an overview of the discursive object of crisis, and provide a detailed summary and justification of the research contained in the chapters. In the second chapter, Lin Chalozin-Dovrat discusses the conceptual history of crisis discourses. Part 1 of the collection focuses on organisational discourse, analysing coping mechanisms in interactive crisis solution. Chapter 3 analyses and emphasises the role of context in successful police crisis negotiations through an analysis of transcripts and based on background interviews. It employs the context model of Systemic Functional Linguistics and suggests an improved method for negotiators to categorise their background data. Applying Conversation Analysis to transcripts of emergency calls in Finland, chapter 4 demonstrates how asymmetries between the knowledge and the emotional state of an emergency caller and the call handler can misalign the collaborative effort to establish the facts of an emergency. In chapter 5, the same methodology is used to establish the complex causes for the failure to collaboratively identify friend and foe in a friendly fire incident during the second Iraq War. Part 2 contains critical analyses of political discourses in the wider sense. While chapters 6 and 9 explore discourse produced by politicians, chapters 7 and 8 analyse less official and formal political discourse in a radio show and in interview material collected by the researcher herself. In Part 3, the focus lies on the representation of different crises in the global media, including genres such as online discussions on the 2010 political unrest in Thailand (chapter 10), TV news reports on the 2008 urban riots in Greece


Objective To investigate the changes of corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification in the patients with dark area in corneal endothelium.Methods A total of 65 eyes from 48 patients with dark area in corneal endothelium who received phacoemulsification were enrolled in the present study,including 52 eyes with physiological dark areas and 12 eyes with pathological ones,and 65 eyes without dark area in corneal endothelium were taken as controls.Corneal endothelium examination was done before,1 week,1 and 3 months after operation,and the edema of corneal endothelium was recorded 3 days after operation.Results There was no significant difference in endothelial cell counts and coefficient of variation between the control group and patients with physiological dark area before and after operation(P0.05).The endothelial cell count in the pathological dark area patients was significantly less than those in the control group and physiological dark group(P0.05), and the loss rate of corneal cells and the coefficient of variation of corneal were significantly higher(P0.05). Conclusions Patients with physiological dark area has good tolerance to phacoemulsification,and those with pathological dark area should be more careful in using phacoemulsification;efforts should be made to minimize injury to the corneal so as to reduce loss of corneal cells.


Galaxy mergers usher the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in each galaxy to the center of the potential, where they form an SMBH binary. The binary orbit shrinks by ejecting stars via three-body scattering, but ample work has shown that in spherical galaxy models, the binary separation stalls after ejecting all the stars in its loss cone—this is the well-known final parsec problem. However, it has been shown that SMBH binaries in non-spherical galactic nuclei harden at a nearly constant rate until reaching the gravitational wave regime. Here we use a suite of direct N-body simulations to follow SMBH binary evolution in both corotating and counterrotating flattened galaxy models. For N > 500 K, we find that the evolution of the SMBH binary is convergent and is independent of the particle number. Rotation in general increases the hardening rate of SMBH binaries even more effectively than galaxy geometry alone. SMBH binary hardening rates are similar for co- and counterrotating galaxies. In the corotating case, the center of mass of the SMBH binary settles into an orbit that is in corotation resonance with the background rotating model, and the coalescence time is roughly a few 100 Myr faster than a non-rotating flattened model. We find that counterrotation drives SMBHs to coalesce on a nearly radial orbit promptly after forming a hard binary. We discuss the implications for gravitational wave astronomy, hypervelocity star production, and the effect on the structure of the host galaxy.


Gesture fingertip detection plays a vital role in human-computer interaction applications such as VR and robot control. To improve the accuracy of fingertip detection in complex background, this paper proposes a fingertip detection algorithm based on a novel maximum discrimination HOG feature. Firstly, the Holistically-nested edge detection algorithm is used to detect the edge of hand images and non-hand images, and the HOG features of the contour edge are extracted to obtain the training set of positive and negative samples to reduce the influence of illumination, color, and texture on fingertip detection. Secondly, the maximum discrimination features are filtered from the positive sample set by a custom maximum discrimination feature filter and stored as a feature dictionary. The filtered maximum discrimination features and negative sample set are input into the XGBoost classifier for training and the voting rights classifier is obtained. Filtering maximum discrimination features can reduce the interference of irrelevant features and improve the performance of the classifier. Then, the KNN algorithm is used to find the best match in the dictionary, and the final fingertip position is obtained by the Meanshift algorithm. Finally, the algorithm in this paper is tested. The test results show that the accuracy of fingertip detection in this paper can reach 99 %, and the detected RMSE is kept in the range of 5 pixels, which is higher than that based on YCbCr skin color segmentation, YOLO target detection, and YOLO-YCbCr.


Abstract This paper summarizes research efforts at WVU, conducted to comprehensively understand the fundamental mechanism of solidification cracking of high‐strength aluminum alloys for aerospace plate applications. Three important technical approaches were adapted: 1. in‐situ thermal couples drop measurement of DC casting; 2. characterization of thermo‐mechanical properties of cast ingots, correlated with the cast structure; 3. numerical modeling of ingot thermal/stress history. The alloy of interest was 7050. The research efforts focused on both the transient and steady stages of DC casting.


ABSTRACT BLACK DEATH: AIDS IN AFRICA, Susan S. Hunter, New York: Palgrave MacMilliam, 2006, 247 pages. Reviewed by James A. Wilson, Jr.


This thesis explored how much evidence jurors remember when instructed to reach a verdict. Results indicated that jurors required to rely on memory recalled significantly less evidence than jurors provided with access to the court transcript and were less confident than aided jurors that they had returned the 'right' verdict. The portfolio explored a possible association between chronic childhood challenging behaviours and later offending behaviour in individuals with intellectual disability. Includes four clinical case studies. The importance of early intervention is illustrated.


In this paper, we deal with the notion of fuzzy metric space (X,M,∗), or simply X, due to George and Veeramani. It is well known that such fuzzy metric spaces, in general, are not completable and also that there exist p-Cauchy sequences which are not Cauchy. We prove that if every p-Cauchy sequence in X is Cauchy, then X is principal, and we observe that the converse is false, in general. Hence, we introduce and study a stronger concept than principal, called strongly principal. Moreover, X is called weak p-complete if every p-Cauchy sequence is p-convergent. We prove that if X is strongly principal (or weak p-complete principal), then the family of p-Cauchy sequences agrees with the family of Cauchy sequences. Among other results related to completeness, we prove that every strongly principal fuzzy metric space where M is strong with respect to an integral (positive) t-norm ∗ admits completion.


The invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor and a manufacture method thereof. The solid electrolytic capacitor comprises anode foil, cathode foil, a rectangular core package, electrode extraction terminals and a packaging body, wherein the rectangular core package is formed by coiling a solid electrolytic layer clamped between the anode foil and the cathode foil, and the electrode extraction terminals are connected with the core package which is coated by the packaging body. The method comprises the following steps: providing the anode foil, the cathode foil and electrolytic paper which are cut into special widths; connecting the electrode extraction terminals with the anode foil and the cathode foil; coiling the anode foil, the cathode foil and the electrolytic paper into a cylindrical stud; deforming the cylindrical stud into the rectangular core package; forming the solid electrolytic layer between the anode foil and the cathode foil of the core package; connecting the electrode extraction terminals of the core package with a pin frame; and packaging the core package. The technical scheme can realize an SMD solid electrolytic capacitor with lower height so as to occupy a smaller thickness space and satisfy the higher requirements for thin electronic equipment.


The analysis of the geography course in secondary schools shows that students do not get a clear and precise idea of specially protected nature territories, their purposes and tasks. The article offers a new systematic approach to teaching Geography in secondary school.


Service Oriented Architecture demonstrates the concept that the diverse and complex resources in an organization distributedly work together so-called a service application. While Service Oriented Architectural Modeling Language (SOAML) becomes lately an alternative metalanguage in the design of software architecture. But in the real environment, a software architectural model is composed of the hybrid architectural patterns including SOA. We believe the usage of ADLs is more appropriate choice for hybrid architecture model. Among the variety of the ADLs, xADL is more flexible and extensible to the new architectural types and templates. In this paper, we select xADL as our base metalanguage and propose an alternative extension of xADL to cope with SOA pattern. The extended part of xADL is carefully defined in order to preserve the standard well-formalness of the original xADL schema.


This thesis deals with high-speed Clock and Frequency Multiplication. The term `high-speedu applies to both the output and the reference frequency of the multiplier. Much emphasis is placed on analysis and optimization of the total timing inaccuracies, and on implementing a high-speed feedback mechanism that synchronizes the generated signal to the reference.


Yield performance of early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in the rainforest agroecology of southwest Nigeria, is lower than that of intermediate varieties  and that there was no yield advantage in the late varieties over the intermediate maturing varieties. However, the physiological basis of yield differences is yet to be fully investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological basis underlying yield differences in quality protein maize genotypes of different maturity groups. Field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates at Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. The results indicated that season influenced days to 50% Anthesis (DTA), days to 50% silking (DTS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height (PLHT), ear height (EHT), ear per plant (EPP), ear aspect (EASP), kernel width (KWDT) and grain yield (GYD). Maturity groups also influenced DTA, DTS, PASP, PLHT, EHT, and with no effect on GYD. The overall mean grain yields across seasons were 4.44, 4.16, 3.64 and 3.36 t/ha for season 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.  It was concluded from this study that all the maturity groups used had similar grain yield.


The search of beauty and youth has received a lot of attention which is proved by increasing cosmetic techniques. The people prefer non‐surgical and invasive method for reduction and wrinkles treatment.


Diabetes is well established as a chronic disease with a high health burden due to mortality or morbidity from the final outcomes of vascular complications. An increased duration of hyperglycemia is associated with abnormal metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are nonenzymatic glycated forms of free amino acids that lead to abnormal crosslinking of extra-cellular and intracellular proteins by disrupting the normal structure. Furthermore, the interaction of AGEs and their receptors induces several pathways by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of AGEs in diabetic vascular complications, especially type 2 DM, based on recent clinical studies.


1. Fifty-two patients with chronic tendovaginitis of the tendon of the tibialis posterior have been reviewed. With one exception the changes were regarded as non-specific. 2. Twelve patients in whom conservative treatment failed were treated by division of the tendon sheath, with complete relief in eleven.


In spite of an appreciable amount of work in this field, the effects of acidity and alkalinity of diets had been contradictorily reported on the calcium metabolism.A three week long balance study was undertaken on 10 adult men fed acid-and baseforming diets, and the following reseults were obtained.1) Serum Ca level was almost unchanged during the whole experimental periods.2) Absorption of Ca from intestine increased significantly in acidic period (60%), and decreased in basic period (40%).3) Urinary excretion of Ca increased significantly in acidic period (212mg/day), and decreased in basic period (127 mg/day). The urinary out-put was shown to be ruled by the acid-base balance of body fluild as well as the amount of absorption from intestine.4) Retention of Ca was obtained somewhat more readily on acid-forming diet (232mg/day) than on base-forming diet (181 mg/day).


THE EPIDEMICS It is difficult for the younger generations of today to image the fear in the past of contracting polio. The fear for polio had its roots in religious and superstitious believes, like the horror for plague in medieval times. Only a very select group of medical professionals knew anything about the nature of viruses and the epidemiology and the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. One physician who was a patient during the 1953 epidemic said: The fear of polio was a reality, the treatment was a bed, nothing more, there were too many paralytic cases to take care of (1). The most severe epidemics, which resulted in thousands of cases of paralysis and deaths hit Sweden in 1912, 1937, 1944, 1949 and 1953. It was not until 1963 that we had a polio free year.


In this paper, we report on the formation of shallow junctions with high activation in both n+/p and p+/n Ge junctions using ion implantation and Flash Lamp Annealing (FLA). The shallowest junction depths formed for the n+/p and p+/n junctions were 9.5 nm and 10.7 nm with sheet resistances of 620 ohms/sq. and 414 ohms/sq., respectively. Additionally, by reducing knocked-on oxygen during ion implantation, the sheet resistance was decreased by 5 to 15%. The lowest sheet resistance was 235 ohms/sq. with a junction depth of 21.5 nm in the n+/p Ge. These results indicate that the potential for forming ultra-shallow n+/p and p+/n junctions in the nanometer range in Ge devices using FLA is very high, leading to realistic monolithically-integrated Ge CMOS devices.


Citing literature is a very important activity for scholars in writing articles. Many publishers and libraries build cita tion databases and provide citation reports on scholarly journals. Cited-by linking is a service representing what an article cites and how many times it cites a specific article within a journal database. Recently, information services based on DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) have been increasing in number. CrossRef, a non-profit organiza tion for the DOI registration agency, maintains the DOI system and provides the cited-by linking service. Recently, the number of Korean journals adopting DOI is also rapidly increasing. The Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) supports Korean learned societies in DOI related activities in collaboration with CrossRef. This study analyzes cited patterns of Korean DOI journal articles using CrossRef's cited-by linking data and a Korean journal citation database. This analysis has been performed in terms of publication country and the language of journals citing Korean journal articles. The results show that DOI, SCI(E) (Science Citation Index (Expanded)), and English journals are more likely to be cited internationally.


Despite the fact that allantoin is widely distributed in both plant and animal tissues, no specific study, to our knowledge, has been made of its degradation by bacteria. When administered orally to man, dog and rabbit a percentage varying from 0 to 90 is recoverable in the urine whereas if given subcutaneously or intravenously the recovery is essentially complete (Young, Wentworth and Hawkins, 1943). Hunter and Givens (1914) had previously shown this to be true in the monkey. Furthermore we have been unable to demonstrate any allantoin in rabbit feces after administering half a gram in solution by stomach tube and no excess allantoin was recoverable from the urine. An explanation was sought in a decomposition by the intestinal flora. Givens (1914) has shown that when allantoin was incubated for 24 hours in a filtered suspension of monkey feces it was destroyed to the extent of 90 per cent, half of which he attributed to bacteria. Mendel and Dakin (1909) found that a solution of allantoin was partially decomposed when inoculated with bacteria from urine undergoing ammoniacal fermentation. Since uricolysis to ammonia and carbon dioxide is an enzymic property of Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus mesenteriCus and other organisms (Truszowski, 1930) a similar reaction for allantoin was to be expected and has been found by us for several intestinal organisms.


-4 -2 o formation efficiency of the cloud core is around 25%. In recent years much attention has been paid to the high-Iatitude c1ouds, relatively diffuse molecular c10uds at high galactic latitudes and often very nearby. Jan Brand, Jan Wouterloot and Loris Magnani have studied L 1569, a high-Iatitude (b = -36°) cloud on the celestial equator between Eridanus and Taurus. They first used the ESO 3.6-m telescope with a grism to search for faint H-alpha emission stars projected on the cloud. Five such stars were found. Subsequently, SEST was employed to map part of the c10ud in 12CO and 13CO in a study of cloud structure and possible interaction between the stars and their ambient medium. The cloud appears clumpy, with core sizes of approximateIy 0.05 pc. An interesting feature is that low-intensity wings of the line profiles are present, also in parts of the cloud away from the H-alpha emission stars. Recently, such puzzling wings have been found in several other high-Iatitude clouds without internal energy sources; their origins are not yet properly understood. Molecular clouds with Herbig-Haro objects were among the first regions to be observed with the SEST. Michael Olberg and Roy Booth of Onsala Space Observatory and myself have studied a number of such regions in various tran-


Abstract Photochemical reactions are expected to have an increasing role in organic synthesis with the drive towards environment-friendly reactions. Some examples illustrating the scope and versatility of radical alkylation of electrophilic alkenes via photoinduced electron transfer are presented. A few applications in special fields are mentioned.


The electrical characteristics of DC oxygen (O2) plasma such as discharge current-voltage (I-V) curves and breakdown voltage of oxygen gas were measured. The plasma parameters such as electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) were obtained using Langmuir probe at constant power over a wide range of O2 gas pressures. The measured Te values used to calculate the various rate coefficients for electron impact (ionization, dissociation and excitation) from ground state of O2 molecules. Thereafter, the calculated rate coefficients and the measured ne were used to calculate the rates of ionization, dissociation and excitation from ground state of O2 molecules. The I-V measurements of the discharge and Paschen curve show that the operating voltage was decreased with increasing O2 gas pressures at constant current and the minimum of Paschen curve was found to be 400 V at Pd = 1.86 mbar.cm, respectively. The Te showing decreasing trend with increasing O2 gas pressures while ne showing increasing trend. The rate coefficients of ionization, dissociation and excitation were found to decrease with increasing O2 gas pressure. Contrary, the rates of ionization, dissociation and excitation were found to increase with increasing O2 gas pressure.


In order to shorten the development period and lower the development cost of software for performance analysis purpose of power plants,a unified development platform for process modeling has been researched and developed.The platform,integrating computer technology and power plant simulation modeling technology,supplies a convenient model development environment.An introduction to the specific structure,function and features of the platform is being presented, which has been successfully applied to on-line load distribution optimization of a certain power plant.


With continuous technology scaling, current and next generation microprocessors are becoming more vulnerable to transient errors such as soft errors induced by energetic particle strikes. While mainstream microprocessors are employing multi-/many-core architectures targeting at high-performance parallel computing applications, the transistor/area share of on-chip caches keeps increasing. As cache memories being the major victim of soft errors, it is of paramount importance to characterize on-chip cache's vulnerability in this context for devising potential reliability optimizations, especially under the interaction with cache coherence protocols. In this work, we develop a lifetime model for the private L1 data cache in chip-multiprocessors (CMPs), which is based on the cache activities and the states of cache lines. This lifetime model is then applied to characterize and predict cache's vulnerability trend in CMPs. Our experimental evaluation shows that cache vulnerable phases due to remote accesses increase dramatically as the number of processor cores increases. Based on vulnerable phase analysis, we propose a protocol enhancement to prematurely invalidate cache lines in modified (M) state for minimizing the vulnerability factor due to remote reads to modified cachelines.


Vibrio vulnificus infection, which can cause fulminant septicemia within 36 hours after initial symptoms, results in high mortality, especially in patients with chronic liver disease. The infection appears to be increasing in prevalence in Taiwan. We report a case of Vibrio vulnficus infection in a 39-year-old male, with a history of chronic hepatitis B infection, who worked as a clam raiser. The initial presentation was leg swelling with vesicles, which quickly progressed to hemorrhagic bullae. He rapidly developed hypotension, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, metabolic acidosis, and septic shock. Despite immediate administration of cefotaxime and minocycline, the patient died 12 hours after admittance. Blood cultures yielded Vibrio vu1nficus. His legs had been injured by clamshells at work 4 days before his hospitalization. A literature review of Vibrio vulnficus infection revealed that the mean age of infection is approximately 50 years and infection is more common in males than in females. Major sources of infection include eating raw seafood or contacting seawater with an open wound. Typical clinical symptoms include fever, cutaneous lesions and sepsis. Positive cultures generally can be grown from blood or wound specimens. Underlying diseases include chronic liver diseases and diabetes mellitus. Characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus infection are summarized in Table 1. Taiwan is an island where Vibrionaceae exists and people engage in high-risk activities such as raising sea animals and eating raw seafood. Moreover, liver cirrhosis is a common disease in this country. All these factors contribute to an increasing prevalence of Vibrio vulnificus infection, which is becoming an important health problem in Taiwan and deserves our attention.


1. In this review we discuss the adaptive strategy of woody species in tropical savannas. The low, evergreen, broadleaved, sclerophyllous tree is considered as the typical woody representative in these ecosystems. The discussion is largely based on data concerning four widespread neotropical species: Curatella americana, Byrsonima crassifolia, Bowdichia virgilioides and Casearia sylvestris, together with more fragmentary information available on other American and African savanna woody species.


Through listening to participants' own words, this study provides a comprehensive description and analysis of Chinese immigrant parents' perceptions and behaviours of involvement in their children's after-school education. It reveals that Chinese immigrant parents were willing to become involved in their children's after-school education. Although many Chinese immigrant parents faced challenges in the host culture, they sacrificed themselves to support their children's development. They hold high education expectations for their children, view academics as the most important thing and provide help with their children's academics. Yet they also want their children to receive a well-rounded education. This study indicates that the Chinese immigrant parents' behaviours and perspectives of involvement in their children's after-school education were shaped by Chinese traditional cultural values, parents' personal experiences, and their understanding of Canadian culture.


EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$0.95 Descriptors*Change Agents, College Supervisors, *Corrective Institutions, *Program Descriptions. Recruitment, Staff Role, *Student Teachers, *Student Teaching, Superintendent Role, Teacher Orientation In three years. the Delinquency Study and Youth Development Project of Southern Illinois University has _provided for five students to do their student teaching incorrectional settings. From this experience, it has been found that student teachers bring new educational ideas into the institution; student teachers function well when viewed as potential staff members; student teachers stimulate good public relations inasmuch as they tell others about the work of the institution; although student teachers may increase management and security problems, they also make evident the need for change and institutional development; the ;nstitutional superintendent must devote some time to the student teaching program, particularly in consulting with the university supervisor; and complete and honest communication between the university and the correctional institution is essential. (A 13-item list of references is included.)


The invention provides a parasitic thyristor and an electrostatic protection circuit. The parasitic thyristor comprises a semiconductor substrate, and an N pit and a P pit which are adjacent and positioned in the semiconductor substrate, a first pseudo gate which is positioned on the surface of the semiconductor substrate and bridges the N pit and the P pit, a second pseudo gate positioned on the surface of the N pit, an N-type trigger voltage adjustment region positioned in the N pit between the first pseudo gate and the second pseudo gate, a P-type injection region positioned in the N pit on the other side, corresponding to the N-type trigger voltage adjustment region, of the second pseudo gate, an N-type injection region positioned in the P pit on the other side of the first pseudo gate, an anode connected to the P-type injection region and the N pit, and a cathode connected to the N-type injection region and the P pit. In the parasitic thyristor, a conduction circuit is formed in a surface region of the semiconductor substrate, so a path is short and a starting speed is high; moreover, the N-type trigger voltage adjustment region is externally connected with a trigger voltage adjustment circuit, so the parasitic thyristor has the function of adjusting and reducing trigger voltage.


The environment is an important component of human life and is one main study in in Islamic economic politics and legal politics in Indonesia. This study discusses the concept of environmental conservation in the perspective of Islamic economic politics and legal politics in Indonesia. This study is a qualitative research using the library research method. The results of this study have proven that environmental conservation is essential for humans to create benefits for people and avoid harm due to environmental damage. In Islamic economic politics, the rules on environmental conservation are found in the fiqh of environment, which is a standard reference for all Muslims. In Indonesia, such rules are regulated in the Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning the environment.


In Norway a new curricular reform was implemented in 2006; a reform characterized by inclusiveness (all school levels up to university level) and a particular focus on five cross-disciplinary basic skills. The skills in question are: reading, writing, numeracy, oral skills and the use of digital media. The reform entails that teachers in all school subjects need an awareness of these skills when teaching their specific curriculum subject. A teacher in mathematics, for example, needs to ensure that the pupils are able to read the mathematical text and write according to the textbook's goals.


Phase Equilibria in the MnO–FeO–MnS–FeS–SiO 2 liquid phase at SiO 2 saturation under reducing condition were experimentally investigated in the temperature range from 1 200 ° C to 1 400 ° C in order to provide a fundamental knowledge on new FerroManganese (FeMn) alloy process. High temperature equilibration, quenching and Electron Probe Micro–Analysis (EPMA) were employed to obtain equilibrium compositions of liquid phase which was separated into oxide–rich liquid and sulfide–rich liquid. Concentration of Mn defined as in the sulfide–rich liquid was always lower than R Mn in the oxide–rich liquid. In order to understand the liquid separation and the distribution of Mn in the two liquid phases, a thermodynamic modeling of this liquid oxysulfide was performed by taking into account strong chemical Short– Range Ordering (SRO) in the framework of the Modified Quasichemical Model in the Quadruplet Approximation. Contrary to the general understanding that Mn attracts S stronger than Fe does and it would have resulted higher Mn content in the sulfide–rich liquid, the present experimental results show that Fe is enriched in the sulfide–rich liquid. This implies that Fe attracts S stronger than Mn does in the liquid phase concerned in the present study. Such a behavior is attributed to the fact that Mn is bound by SiO 2 through a formation of (Mn–O–Si) Second–Nearest–Neighbor (SNN) pair, thus oxide–rich liquid attracts more Mn while Fe is distributed more to sulfide–rich liquid. A number of points to be considered for the production of low phosphorus FeMn alloy through the two-phase liquid separation are discussed.


Controlling the Axon The cellular mechanisms and circuits involved in gamma oscillations in the brain are not fully understood. Dugladze et al. (p. 1458) simultaneously performed patch-clamp recordings in the soma and axon of hippocampal pyramidal neurons during gamma oscillations in brain slices. Under these conditions, pyramidal cells were divided into two electrogenic compartments: the soma fired at low frequency, whereas, in the axon, ectopic action potentials were generated at higher frequencies. This functional separation was maintained by highly active axoaxonic interneurons. Powerful inhibition of the axon initial segment by these axoaxonic cells prevented the backpropagation of ectopic action potentials to the somatodendritic compartment. However, when the overall excitatory drive to pyramidal cells was high, normal orthodromic action potentials were generated. Inhibition by axo-axonic interneurons functionally separates the input and output of hippocampal pyramidal cells. In central neurons, information flows from the dendritic surface toward the axon terminals. We found that during in vitro gamma oscillations, ectopic action potentials are generated at high frequency in the distal axon of pyramidal cells (PCs) but do not invade the soma. At the same time, axo-axonic cells (AACs) discharged at a high rate and tonically inhibited the axon initial segment, which can be instrumental in preventing ectopic action potential back-propagation. We found that activation of a single AAC substantially lowered soma invasion by antidromic action potential in postsynaptic PCs. In contrast, activation of soma-inhibiting basket cells had no significant impact. These results demonstrate that AACs can separate axonal from somatic activity and maintain the functional polarization of cortical PCs during network oscillations.


This article presents a particular application of the spread spectrum code division multiple access concept (CDMA) based on direct spread spectrum modulation (DS-SSM) for an automotive area network on power-lines. Advantages and related problems to set up the system in a car are discussed. Measurements for the evaluation of the system's performances in terms of the additive noise and the interference caused by the other users are given. Design of this communication system is made taking also into account protection against electromagnetic disturbances.<<ETX>>


The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), one of the government sponsored research institutes in the field of nuclear science and technology in Japan, has ten branch research sites scattered all over the Japanese Island. Because of the recent budget shrinkage of JAERI and increasing journal price, it has become more difficult to keep sufficient journal coverage at each branch library. Some users can read printed journals for their research work, while the rest are obliged to request a photocopy of journal articles from the central library of JAERI or affiliated libraries. It is necessary to improve this information gap among the sites. One of our attempts was to provide electronic journals through the intranet. We carried out a qualitative analysis on the trend of journals usage both in printed and in electronic form, from the viewpoint of the effectiveness of providing electronic journals. It was found out that the users having less printed journals more frequently accessed the electronic journals. This means that electronic journals are useful for the solution of information gap among the sites. The analysis also indicated that there exists a cost-effective compromise between providing printed journals and providing electronic journals.


The beam dynamics issues presented by a high‐luminosity asymmetric electron collider ring (such as is required for a B meson factory) are described. Attention is focused on lattice aspects, on single‐beam effects, and on beam‐beam interaction effects. The over‐all conclusion is that a facility with a beam of (about) 3 GeV in one ring and a beam of (about) 9 GeV in a second ring having a luminosity of between 1033 and 1034 cm−2 s−1 is a feasible concept.


This Restatement clarifies existing international and domestic law and divides the stated rules into four parts; Jurisdiction; Recognition; International Agreements; Responsibility of States for Injuries to Aliens. It also contains Comments and Reporters' Notes that list references to the original materials from which international law is derived—source materials which may not be readily available to Bar members who do not specialize in the field of international law.


Numerical simulation analysis model for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was created in the course of the welding heat based on Visual Fortran.A double ellipsoid heat source mode was adopted to depict the distribution of a moving GMAW arc.Transient variations of weld pool geometry and free surfaces deformation were predicted and verified.The results show that the calculated width and depth of molten pool are in agreement with those of the experimental results.


To date, traditional philanthropy has not been widely studied in the perspective of educational sciences. In fact, traditional philanthropy has the potential to be a reference for character education based on local wisdom. This study aims to interpret educational values in the traditional philanthropy of the Grenden society. Using an ethnographic design conducted throughout 2018-2020, this study succeeded in revealing a number of educational values from the philanthropic activities of the class of farmers, limestone miners, and fishermen. Further analysis reveals that the philosophical foundation and practical guidelines of philanthropy are based on the understanding of the Javanese Islam. The findings of this study contribute to the development of educational science, especially character education. This research offers a solution to the problem of character education that has been carried out by showing a role model first. Therefore, the implications of this research are in the form of criticism and correction of the implementation of character education in secondary school and higher education institutions that is not based on the values of local wisdom. Included in the object of this research criticism are the basics of character education offered by Thomas Lickona, and instead this research promotes the value of character education based on the wisdom of the Indonesian people as echoed by Ki Hadjar Dewantara. KEYWORDS


Coffee production has great economic and social importance in the Ecuador. However the technology of production and profit are very precarious, so that productivity and quality are poor. According to a study conducted by the national Coffee Council (2014), it describes that the total area of coffee in the country is 199,215 hectares; where are 136,385 hectares Arabica coffee and other coffee robusta. The purpose of this research was: implement plots of validation of two varieties of coffee Arabica, with three population densities, three basic fertilization, three associations, and three weed control; evaluating the first stage of behavior agronomic and morphological in each of the locations and transfer the preliminary results achieved in the first year of research. This research was carried out between July 2014 to July/2015; the trial was located in the province of Bolivar, in the Caluma Canton; in the towns of El Triunfo (350 m), Pita (237 m) and estuary fish (407 m).; annual average temperature of 22oC; annual average precipitation of 2945 mm and a relative humidity of 80%; being as wet Montane forest ecological classification low. The experiment was conducted under a complete block design randomized and orthogonal design L9 was used (3) 4, which corresponds to an experiment of 4 factors (population density, basic fertilization, crop and weed management Association) in 3 levels each, according to the Taguchi method. The analysis of variance for the study variables, was carried out by Fisher (parametric technical) test and analysis was complemented by the separation of means test Tuckey, for each of the factors in the study. The following variables were recorded: plant height, diameter of stem, leaf length, leaf, leaf area, width number of knots, intermediate branch length, diameter of Cup and seedling vigor. It was determined that there are significant differences between locations and varieties of Arabica coffee. In addition to that population densities influence agro-morphological varieties and that the best combination for Sarchimor was of 6000 plants per hectare; 100 grams of DAP fertilizer at
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planting; use of mani as a crop associated with in the first year and with manual weed management. For Catucai, 4000 plants per hectare, a kilo of ecoabonaza planting, use beans as associated cultivation and chemical control of weeds with Oxyfluorfen (Goal) + glyphosate.


A perturbation calculation of the high energy behavior of Compton scattering near the backward direction and pair annihilation to photons is extended to tenth order. There are 41 Feynman diagrams which must be considered. These diagrams fall into 3 categories: (1) fifteen which contribute to the leading real part, (2) six which individually contribute to the leading imaginary part that cancel in pairs in the sum, and (3) twenty which contribute to the leading imaginary part which do not cancel identically in the sum. (AIP)


Phraseologisms are used in everyday speech, in works of art, in journalism. They give expression to utterances and are the means of creating images. Phraseologisms have their specificities in every language, they reflect and represent the national mentality, the consciousness of perception of the surrounding world and its expression lexically and grammatically; The peculiarities of the use of phraseological units are also very important. The purpose of the present article is to study and analyze phraseologisms in terms communicative perspectives of foreign language teaching. When mastering a foreign language, it is inevitable to come across the difficulties in understanding authentic texts containing phraseological units, including proverbs, sayings, and comparisons.


This paper describes the design of an integrated, S-band parametric amplifier that combines a new procedure for the simultaneous achievement of both flat gain and linear-phase response with integration of the essential amplifier components with respect to design and fabrication. Such integration, utilizing either printed-circuit or thin-film techniques, or both, and eliminating all the intercomponent connectors and superfluous transmission lines, lends itself to the realization of precise amplifier performance (reference 1), and leads to potential low cost, mass reproducibility.


We use results from communication complexity, both new and old ones, to prove lower bounds for problems on unambiguous finite automata (UFAs). We show: 1. Complementing UFAs with n states requires in general at least n n) states, improving on a bound by Raskin. 2. There are languages Ln such that both Ln and its complement are recognized by NFAs with n states but any UFA that recognizes Ln requires n Ω(log n) states, refuting a conjecture by Colcombet on separation.


Cultural conflict in crime is of great theoretical value and research significance, as a perspective and fundamental theory to explain the relationship between crime and culture. In China, the understanding level of the theory of cultural conflict on crime has stayed in the cultural conflict mode proposed by Thorsten Sellin who is an USA scholar for a long time. As times change and conditions vary, this understanding requires amendments, and cultural conflict theory on crime needs to be suitable for China. In the event of pursuing China's social transformation and modernization, main culture crisis rises while criminal sub-culture is breeding. Then main culture and criminal sub-culture become contradicted and antagonistic. In the perspective of cultural norms, the conflicts between main culture and criminal sub-culture constitute a deep nature of our cultural conflict theory on crime.


The previous volumes of this magnificent Handbook have been reviewed in this Archives. This section reaches the high standard set previously. Its authors are experts in their fields and they summarize adequately current knowledge and concepts particularly useful for research psychologists and psychiatrists. For each of the twenty-three chapters, a specialized reviewer should be required. All that can be said in general is complimentary with a strong recommendation for its study and use as a reference for anyone interested in the nervous system and its functions.


A compound of the general formula (See formula) wherein R is hydrogen, C1 - 7 C1 - 7, halogen or trifluoromethyl; R 1 is hydrogen or halogen; or R and R1 may be together with the ring carbon atoms to which they are attached -CH = CH-CH = CH-; R 2 and R 2 '' are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, C1 - 7 or cyano; or R 2 and R 2 'may be together -CH = CH-CH = CH-, optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from C1 - 7 or C1 - 7; R 3, R 3 '' are independently of each other hydrogen, C1 - 7 or cycloalkyl; R 4, R 4 'are independently from each other - (CH2) m OR 6 or C1 - 7; or R 4 and R 4 'form together with the N atom to which they are attached a cyclic tertiary amine of the group (see formula) selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-, piperazin-1- yl, morpholin-4-yl and 1,1-dioxo-4-yl tiomorfolin-; R 5 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1 - 7 -alkoxy C1 - 7, - (CH2) m OH, -COOR 3, -CON (R 3) 2, -N (R 3) CO-C1 - 7 or - C (O) R 3; R 6 is hydrogen, C1 - 7 or phenyl; X is -C (O) N (R 6) -, -N (R 6) C (O) -, - (CH2) mO- or -O (CH2) mn is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; m is 1, 2 or 3; and salts of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition thereof.


1. A nursery school principal must think over physical stamina and health of his children, and he must make an epoch making changes to nutrition control. I think that authorities concerned must give weight to quality before quantity to manage the nursery school. If the nursery school principal who has aid received from abroad and his native country must manage the nursery school rationally. It is expected that, though the nutrition level is below the level of sports middle school children, it is above the common level of home children. 2. I fear that the calories which the pupils of sports middle school assimilate a day on the average is apt to be more calories as compared with other pupils of their age(weight). This is also true for their level of activity. It is required that the nutritionist must recheck the quantity of the calorie provision. 3. I took no thought about infection with parasites in this thesis. It is because that the pupils of sports middle school have much Hb (hemoglobin), because they have had meals with a settled menu for a year or two. So, that it is expected that it is caused only by the nutritious foods regardless of parasites and that they have little Hb(hemoglobin). Besides though they are little pupils, because they have much Hb. Of taking the level with upper life classes of the the Ewha Girls University students, it will be more reliable. Therefore as we maintain the states of health of the common home children and nursery school children normally, to increase the national power, the managers of nursery schools or the heads of families must pay attention to the control of nutrition, and authorities concerned must pay attention to the control of nutrition, and authorities concerned must take the trouble much more to the management of nursery school.1. We have been undertaking the occupations of the family plannings for more ten years. But we have still failed to realize the anticipated result in the farm villages. Though it is not in this district, I think that we must make efforts in these occupations urgently, and control increases in population, decrease the consumptions of food and salt, and contribute to the increasing of the general income. 2. There is a tendency to take a little more salted foods in the cities than in the farm villages. But we are apt to take more salt in quantity(20g) to be taken in a day both in the cities and in the farm villages than it is necessary to us. So it is required that we must grope for a means of increasing of the general income as early as possible, and that we must improve our diet to be got rid of dietary life in importance. And so we have to study throughly the side effect caused due to too much salt to be taken in, if it is discovered, we must spour on a means of sweep of it.


The popular epic of the guslari recounted in the lliad and Odyssey (credited to Homer) has. been revived with the appearance of a guslari on Mallorca in March 2004. The author insists. on the study of them in other literary categories such as the romancero and decima. as well ali elsewhere in Europe.


In this paper we reformulate the problem posed by public services subject to congestion in a manner consistent with economic theory and obtain first and second best solutions to the problem.


The deposition of Zno.9Gao.1O thin films has realized on different substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structure, optical and electrical properties of films were characterized by X- ray diffractometer. AFM, Spectrophotometer and Hall effect devices.


The Journal of Raptor Research is planning a special issue on Neotropical raptors. Manuscripts addressing any aspect of the ecology and conservation of these species are encouraged. Authors are invited to submit to the Journal of Raptor Research at https://www. editorialmanager.com/raptorresearch/default.aspx by 1 April 2020. Manuscripts must meet Journal of Raptor Research standards and will be subject to the typical peer-review process. Please see JRR Information for Contributors, https://raptorresearchfoundation. org/publications/journal-of-raptor-research/submission-guidelines/ for instructions on formatting and submission.


The present invention provides an etching liquid composition and methods of use thereof for producing a multilayer printed circuit board, the etching liquid composition efficiently removing the seed layer as a semi-additive method for producing a multilayer printed circuit board electroless copper plating, while the roughened together densification surface of the wiring. Etching liquid composition used in the manufacture of the multilayered printed circuit board according to the present invention comprises 0.2 to 5 mass% hydrogen peroxide, 0.5 to 8 mass% sulfuric acid, 0.3 ~ 3ppm halogen ions and 0.003 to 0.3% by mass tetrazoles.


In this paper we prove a Schwarz-Pick lemma for the modulus of holomorphic mappings from the polydisk into the unit ball. This result extends some related results.


With the frequency and intensity of typhoon growing recent years, transmission lines in coastal areas are facing more severe challenges, such as tower collapse accidents which cause terrible consequences and are hard to recover. In that case, early-warning based on the typhoon prediction and tower-line dynamical system is positive to avoid these accidents. The collapsed tower in typhoon "Mujigae" were studied using finite element method to evaluate the anti-typhoon performance of the transmission tower structure for providing reasonable early warnings. Wind field of typhoon "Mujigae" was established according to yanmeng wind field theory and Shiyuan fluctuating wind speed spectrum. The wind field of typhoon can estimate wind velocity with time in a few hours and updated with newest observed typhoon data. Several average velocities were picked up as testing wind speed sections from natural wind speed to the maximum speed tower suffered in the established wind field. The mechanical analysis simulation was carried out under different wind speed sections and directions. The results show that the structural stress of the collapsed tower model exceeds the bearing range under applied typhoon wind field, which is consistent with the real accident. The relationship between maximum structural stress of tower components and wind field parameters can be concluded. Based on observed typhoon data and wind field theory, the key parameters of the future typhoon wind field can be estimated. Therefore, we can predict tower collapse accidents caused by typhoon and give early warning by analyzing the meteorological data of typhoon and the structure of the tower-line system according to the FEM simulation results.


Botocudo trinidadensis is described and illustrated from the islands of Trinidad and Grenada and Botocudo fasciatus is described and illustrated from Trinidad and Tobago.


Abstract : Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm were a great success because all services and the coalition worked together jointly to achieve victory. Many combat service support units worked day and night to contribute to this victory. Some were recognized and some were not. This is a story of how Rhein-Main Air Force base and 21st Replacement Battalion, both located in Frankfurt, Germany, supported the war effort. The period covered is from August 1990 through April 1991. The story describes Rhein-Main Air Force Base and 21st Replacement Battalion's peacetime missions and how those missions expanded and surged to support Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Major support efforts covered are: Food Service Operations, Billeting Operations, Morale and Recreation, Aerial Port Operations, European Desert Express, Medica Support Operations, Political Demonstrations, Aeromedical Staging Facility, Patriot Missile Move, and Individual Ready Reserves. All of these support efforts were executed superbly because we all worked together jointly and were not concerned about which service was going to get the credit. The common thread throughout the story is doing whatever it takes to accomplish the mission, regardless of difficulty, and providing for out most precious resource, 'the troops.'


One of Japan's popular adventure, writers, Makoto Shiina, recounts the delightful tales of freedom and love he shared with his free-spirited, escapade-prone son.


The antenna array designed to operate over 0.450-0.475 Terahertz comprises two dielectric resonators (DRs) that are stacked vertically on top of each other and placed on the surface of the slot antenna fabricated on a silicon substrate using standard CMOS technology. The slot created in the silicon substrate is meandering and is surrounded by metallic via-wall to prevent energy dissipation. The antenna has a maximum gain of 4.5dBi and radiation efficiency of 45.7% at 0.4625 THz. The combination of slot and vias transform the antenna to a metamaterial structure that provides a relatively small antenna footprint. The proposed series-fed double DRs on-chip antenna array is useful for applications in THz integrated circuits.


This is an insidious sclerosis of the middle ear, often referred to as dry catarrh, causing deafness of varying degree which is almost always progressive. Frequently the ear condition is associated with definite pathological changes in the upper respiratory passages, but in some instances no such changes can be discovered. In other sinuses, teeth, tonsils, and adenoids should be eradicated, and deformities of the nose interfering with the normal airway corrected. While gross abnormalities requiring surgical intervention will often be present, many cases will be met with in which no abnormality is evident. In these the prognosis is bad, but the patient's general health should be maintained at the highest possible level and every effort be made to safeguard him against catarrhal infections of the nose and throat. The patency of the Eustachian tubes is of the utmost importance, and obstruction of them leads to a rapid loss of hearing and to changes in the middle ear which soon become permanent. The condition of the Eustachian tubes is ascertained by


Public in almost every metropolitan city, town and even villages is facing unprovoked dog bites from stray dogs roaming free in their localities. Similarly, though the exact human and domestic animal mortality due to rabies is not known but the seriousness of the problem can be estimated from the fact that every year about 300-500 cases are admitted in the only infectious disease hospital in Delhi alone. Dogs are responsible for >90% of the estimated 55,000 human deaths and for the millions of people that each year receive postexposure prophylaxis following a bite (Knobel et al., 2005).


The cooling system for the solar simulator was introduced, which contained wind-cooling system, water-cooling system, and refrigeration system. Then the numerical simulation of the wind-cooling system was numerical simulated. The solar simulator with 13 xenon lamp was modeled, and the flow and the heat transfer in the solar hood was simulated by the FLUENT. The flow field in the solar hood was studied, especially the flow near the xenon lamp and the collector. The result showed that the velocity of the most area in the solar hood was slow, but the area near the xenon lamp, because the flow area suddenly decreases, the velocity of the gas increased significantly, which is conducive to the heat exchange between the xenon lamp and the gas. The temperature of the xenon lamp was lower than 328 K, and the velocity on the surface of the xenon lamp was higher than 17 m/s, which met the operating requirement of the xenon lamp, and the temperature of the collector was lower than 308 K, and meet the operating requirement of the collector.


In 1977, Attouch established a relationship between the Mosco epiconvergence of a sequence of convex functions and the graph convergence of the associated sequence of subdifferentials, which has been found to have many important applications in optimization. In 1995, Levy, Poliquin, and Thibault proved Attouch-type theorems for a sequence of primal-lower-nice (not necessarily convex) functions with variational behavior of "order two." In this paper, using the proximal analysis technique, we provide convergence results on the associated sequence of normal cones of a Mosco-convergent sequence of general closed sets. Under the uniform subsmoothness assumption, some sharper convergence results are established. As applications, we establish Attouch-type theorems for a sequence of more general quasi-subsmooth functions with variational behavior of "order one."


FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the primary direction of nonspecific prevention - individual protecting people from the harmful biological factors (insects and arachnids) and concerns insectoacaricides compositions useful for the treatment of textile materials and articles such as garments. The invention also relates to textile materials and articles treated with insectoacaricides composition. The formulations include drug cypermethrin, vinyl acetate emulsion, acrylic emulsion, crosslinking reagents and oil-water-repellent drug. EFFECT: human protection against ticks attack the retention of activity after repeated washings. 10 cl, 1 tbl, 5 ex


In early 2004, Southern HR's team began examining the links between its business and workforce strategies. Here, HR strategy director Howard Winkler explains how a set of KPIs was developed to monitor success and focus both HR and management on high‐priority issues.


The Theories on Interest-bearing Capital composes a most important part in Marxism. This paper endeavors to integrate the four logical connotations of Marxian Theories on Interest-bearing Capital, namely, theories on the integrativeness of interest-bearing capital, theories on capitalist credit, theories on Fictitious Capital and theories on subsequences of credit system construction. The author points it out that Marxian Interest-bearing Theories has instructive value for renovating China's financial system and enterprises and for reducing the menace of financial crises.


The objectives of this study were community capital and knowledge management of community capital to support the sustainable management of communities in Mae Pao sub-district, Phaya Mengrai district, Chiang Rai province. To study in key-informants Including community leaders, folk philosopher, representatives from Mae Pao subdistrict administrative organization, educational institutions, religions, and various organizations in the community consisting of 50 people.
The results show that Mae Pao sub-district were a semi-urban and multicultural society. The Mae Pao community capital means things that are in the community consisting of physical, cultural, natural resources and human resources. Which causes the learning community to adapt and survive in the development trend and social change. Knowledge management of community capital to strengthen communities is an important strategy for national development. And the community strength is the starting point for development with the concept of social development according to alternative development theory. Knowledge enhancement of tacit knowledge to community information was wisdom, socio-geographic, community capital to learning exchange with other external agencies and within the community which can propel the Mae Pao community to become a sustainable management community and strength.


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In 2012 oil production in Russia exceeded plans of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation by 4 million tons. It increased by 7 million tons in comparison with 2011 and amounted to more than 518 million tons. In addition, the volume of primary oil processing increased by 10 million tons to 266 million tons, while the share of processed oil in the structure of production increased from 50.1% to 51.3%. The volume of Russian oil export continued to decline and in 2012 amounted to 239.6 million tons. In the regional structure oil production in the traditional oil-producing regions (Western Siberia and European regions of Russia) has stabilized. At the same time there remained a significant rate of growth of oil production in Eastern Siberia: in 2012 oil production in the region increased by more than 29% compared to 2011, and the region's share of oil production in Russia was 6.8%. Increase of the volume of liquid hydrocarbons production occurs due to reaching full production capacity of Vankorskoye (Krasnoyarsk Region), Talakansky (Republic of Sakha), Verkhnechonskoe (Irkutsk Region) deposits. At the end of 2012 the total production capacity of primary oil processing in Russia amounted to 279 million tons, and capacity utilization level increased to 95%, which is the highest level in recent years. The volume of primary oil processing amounted to 266 million tons, exceeding the historical maximum since the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the structure of petroleum product output production of heavy and medium fractions, primarily, fuel oil (37.6%) and diesel fuel (35.2%) continued to dominate. However, over the last year production of gasoline increased significantly (by 4.1%), and its share in the production of petroleum products increased from 18.7% to 19.3%. In 2012 Russia continued building export facilities of liquid hydrocarbons both at the traditional European direction as well as at a relatively new direction for Russia Asia Pacific. In 2012 an oil transshipment terminal in seaport Ust-Luga was put into operation with design capacity of 30 million tons, which is the final destination of BPS-2 oil pipeline. In December 2012the second stage of the ESPO pipeline was put into operation, which allows to significantly increase the supply of oil from fields in Siberia to the Far East seaport Kozmino with access to markets in Asia Pacific.


The science of organizations increases its credibility when it embraces research with an explicit focus on robustness and reliability. This special issue of curated commentaries recommends and illustrates how to incorporate robust and reliable research practices in organizational research. Together, these commentaries help researchers make contributions to improving every step of the research trajectory—theory development, methodology, and the process of quality control through peer review.


In former investigations, we observed 1 that administration of potassium iodide for 20 days stimulated both proliferation and regression of the epiphyseal and articular rtilageSinimmture guinea-pigs; it also increased the resorption of thep bony tbeculae during the growth period. These changes resembled in some respects the early changes found in the cartilage of growing mice and guinea-pig subsequent to the administration of anterior hypophyseal and thyroid hormones.2 The present investigation was undertaken in order to determine how prolonged administration of potassium iodide influences skeletal development and ageing in mice, and how these effects compare with those obtained by tl4e administration of anterior hypophyseal and thyroid hormones. MATEIAL AND METHODS