PT. Victoria Care is a distributor company engaged in the sale of beauty products located in Jl.Wedi Betro Pergudangan Sinar Gedangan Sidoarjo. Data processing PT. Victoria Care is still considered less efficient and effective, difficult to find employee information data because it is still done manually or using microsoft word and excel. Therefore developed the employee information system website created with Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), codeigniter framework and MySql database that aims to facilitate staffing personnel in managing administrative data employees and facilitate employees in applying for leave and retire through the existing web. Stages of this study include needs analysis, design, implementation and testing. This web-based PT.Victoria Care employee information system is tested by blackbox method and user testing by giving statement which is filled by 30 employees that produce 84% stated that this employee information system has fulfilled the requirement in PT.Victoria Care. This information system has features such as data retrieval, leave application, retirement filing and report generation. With the information system employee PT.Victoria Care web-based is to facilitate the work process staffing staff in processing the activities of personnel administration processed online using web-based information systems.


The main idea of this work is to use the multi-model approach to deal with the complexity of industrial systems. This paper deals with multimode systems by managing the switching between different modes. Modeling the nominal mode is not a problem since the system is in its normal state. The appearance of a failure involves the transition of the system from a nominal mode to a degraded mode. The modeling of this degraded mode is a problem to be dealt with. However, we cannot deal with this problem without knowing the compatible state. We will start in this paper by modeling the switching between the two modes which will lead to the search for compatible states. We put as a perspective, a logical continuation of this paper that will allow to find a way to switch from the nominal mode scheduling to the degraded mode scheduling while linking the reachable state in the degraded mode with the scheduling of the new mode. The combination of the multi-model approach and scheduling modeling calls for a new scheduling approach called multi-model scheduling.


In 1975, P. Erd\"{o}s proposed the problem of determining the maximum number $f(n)$ of edges in a graph of $n$ vertices in which any two cycles are of different lengths. In this paper, it is proved that $$f(n)\geq n+36t$$ for $t=1260r+169 (r\geq 1)$ and $n \geq 540t^{2}+{175811/2}t+{7989/2}$. Consequently, $\liminf\sb {n \to \infty} {f(n)-n \over \sqrt n} \geq \sqrt {2 + {2 \over 5}}.$ We make the following conjecture:
\par \bigskip \noindent{\bf Conjecture.} $$\lim_{n \to \infty} {f(n)-n\over \sqrt n}=\sqrt {2.4}.$$


Methods, systems, and apparatuses for nanomaterial-enhanced hemostatic medical devices are provided. Hemostatic materials and structures are provided that induce coagulation of blood at a wound/opening caused by trauma, a surgical procedure, ulceration, or other cause. The hemostatic materials and structures may incorporate nanostructures and/or further hemostatic elements such as polymers and/or glass beads. The hemostatic materials and structures may be resorbable. Example embodiments include hemostatic bandages, hemostatic plugs, and hemostatic formulations.


Methods are presented for the calculation of circuit-breaker transient recovery voltage. The initial portion of the transient is treated as a traveling wave that is reflected from line terminations back to the breaker, adding to the original voltage wave. A number of refinements in reflection coefficients are considered, each successively increasing the accuracy of the result. The assumptions used in the approach result in a conservative approximation of the actual transient recovery voltage.


Background & Objective: Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in humans which is highly heterogeneous. Among its various types, autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is responsible for 80% of pre-speech congenital cases of hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic linkage of DFNB4 locus in hearing impaired families in Hormozgan. Method: Ten deaf large families in the Hormozgan province were selected. A hearing impaired person was selected from each family tree and sequence of the GJB2 gene in regards of coding regions' mutations was investigated using sequencing method. STR markers of DFNB4 locus in families with no mutation in GJB2 were amplified using PCR and after determining the type alleles, they were analyzed for linkage. Results: In one among the ten studied families, GJB2 mutation was observed. The nine other families were entered for linkage studies and no linkage was found in the said families. Conclusion: Due to the high heterogeneity of loci associated with ARNSHL, other factors may be involved in the cause of deafness in families, without mutations in the GJB2 gene and the investigated locus. Therefore it is recommended to study other loci and more families in this matter.


The load - sensing hydraulic system is one of the most effective systems to save energy, but its working principle is not known well. The paper was developed to compare with different style systems first, then analysis the characteristic of the two basic load - sensing systems from the evolution of the technology, at last improves and extends its function in practical application.


Recently, the high performance and high reliability materials on the power electronics devices have been studied. Those devices are used in severe environments, such as high temperature, radiation, vacuum environment, and so on. In this study, we focused on the effect of space charge accumulation in the bulk of dielectrics by the radiation, such as the proton and/or the electron beams. So, we measured space charge distributions on insulating materials for the power electronics devices irradiated by proton/electron using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method. As a result, the charges due to irradiated protons and electrons were confirmed to accumulate in the bulk at the calculated penetration depth, and the electric fields were emphasized 1.3 and 1.2 times larger than that of non-irradiated samples for the proton and electron irradiations, respectively. It is considered that those appearances of the electric field distribution had been occurred by charge accumulation by irradiation, modification of molecules structure, radio activation, and an increase of conductivity. To clarify this assumption, further investigation will be carried out in our future study.


The results of Samuelson [5-7] in the theory of public goods have provided the basis for most subsequent discussion of the optimum provision of public goods. Samuelson showed that a necessary condition for Pareto Optimality (and hence for maximizing a social welfare function which responds positively to individual utilities) is that the sum of the marginal rates of substitution (E MRS) between a public good and a private good be equal to the marginal rate of transformation (MRT). The sole constraint is that production is in the aggregate production set. This optimum can be achieved as a competitive equilibrium with the government supplying the public good up to the point where I MRS = MRT and financing its production by lump-sum taxation. Lump-sum transfers may also be employed to achieve the appropriate income distribution. The achievement of the " full " optimum described above depends on lump-sum taxes and transfers being feasible. If the taxation tools available exclude lump-sum taxation, then the optimization problem must be modified to include explicitly the means by which government revenue is raised. The importance of this point was clearly recognized by Pigou [3], who argued that the cost to consumers of the public good would be larger than just the necessary resources on account of the " indirect " damage caused by taxation:


LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Evaluate patient risk factors for cardiovascular complications during pregnancy and stratify according to the modified WHO pregnancy risk classes. 2. Distinguish the physiologic and pharmacokinetic changes that occur in pregnancy. 3. Assess hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and devise treatment plans throughout pregnancy. 4. Develop an appropriate medical regimen for peripartum cardiomyopathy. 5. Design safe and effective anticoagulant regimens during pregnancy. 6. Develop pharmacotherapy to manage acute arrhythmia in the pregnant patient.


Anthropogenic activities on land resulted in landuse/landcover change including vegetation. Landuse changes play a role in the sustainability of refinery because of associated environmental effects. Moreover, there is growing societal concern about the spatial and temporal scales of some types of conversions, such as deforestation and urbanization. This paper determine the extent and rate of changes in landuse/landcover as a result of establishment of Kaduna Refinery and petrochemical company. The study employed the used of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in acquiring and analysing the data respectively. The 1974 Landsat 4 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) 60m resolution, 1986 Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) 30m resolution, 1999 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 30m resolution and 2018 Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) 30m resolution images were used. A supervised Image classification method was used because of its high accuracy. This was carried out using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The built-up areas were constantly increasing, while vegetation and agricultural land were decreasing proportionally due to clearance to make room for the industry and settlements for staff and refinery attracted population. There is need for establishment of a programs that promote tree planting, must especially the exotics ones as they are the most threatened species in the area. The present agricultural land need to be preserve and new ones need to be open and expanded in order to improve the agricultural activities of the area.


The psychological impact of a cardiac event includes anxiety and depression, poor sexual quality, and diminished sexual satisfaction. Few measures capture psychosexual recovery following a cardiac event. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Sexual Self-Perception and Adjustment Questionnaire (SSPAQ) among cardiac patients (N = 128), measuring sexual anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. Scale-level content validity was 0.97. After item analysis, 28 items were retained; Cronbach's alpha is >0.90, indicating item appropriateness for the combined scale (0.97). A four-factor model was supported with each of the subscale items accounting for at least 64% of the variance. Construct validity comparing sexually active to inactive showed those inactive had significantly lower sexual self-perception. The SSPAQ is a cohesive measure of sexual self-perception, and findings suggest each subscale can be used independently for measures of sexual anxiety, sexual depression, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual satisfaction, and may be useful in research and clinical settings.


AbstractConsidering the fact that the living condition of the shell is similar to the significant defiled environment of a ship, it is selected as a bionic object to study drag reduction for ship hulls. Previous studies have demonstrated that the special physical structure
 of the shell surface results in preventing biological adhesion. In order to improve ship operation efficiency, collaborative research on the physical structure was first carried out by studying the drag reduction performance of the actual Chlamys nobilis surface among the antifouling
 ranges of the structural dimensions without simplification. Thereafter, the drag reduction mechanism was analyzed by simulation analysis of the surface structures on the antifouling region of the C. nobilis surface. Simulation results demonstrated that a pair of counter-rotating vortices
 appeared at the tip of the bionic riblet surface. The secondary vortex, induced by the counter-rotating vortices, was the main reason for the drag reduction effect of the bionic riblet surface. Moreover, analysis of the drag reduction performance indicated that the maximum drag reduction rate
 could reach up to 8.53% at the speed of 3 m/s. This study reveals the drag reduction effect of the C. nobilis surface, which will provide a reference for combining drag reduction and antifouling.


A 14-year-old boy developed progressive bilateral leg weakness for 5 months. Physical examinations showed calf muscle atrophy (figure, A) and hyperreflexia. Spinal lesion of slow progression was suspected.


Turbulent impinging jests are applicable to many applications such as fighter aircraft which employ short take-off and landing. Impinging jets can produce high heat transfer rates and thus are widely used in cooling and heating applications for example, turbine blade cooling. From a fundamental perspective, an impinging jet presents interesting features, a free turbulent jet, a stagnation flow, and a wall jet. Of interest has been the noise emission due to the vortices impacting on the surface resulting in large surface-pressure fluctuations, which produce an upstream acoustic excitation (hence a feedback loop).
There have only been limited studies investigating these fundamental flow phenomena with time-resolved volumetric measurement (4D) techniques. This study aims to provide further insight into the flow physics by using a recently developed 4D particle tracking velocimetry algorithm, namely Shake-The-Box (STB).
The jet nozzle diameter, D = 0.11 m and the impact distance was 5D. Six high speed (PCO dimax S) cameras were used with acquisition rates up to 3.9 kHz. LED arrays provided light illumination of the tracer particles, Helium-filled Soap Bubbles (HSB), generated by a La Vision HSB generator. The HSB nominal diameter was 300 µm. Three microphones were flush mounted on the impinging plate and positioned at 1D, 2D and 3D from the jet centre. The microphone signals were acquired at 250 kHz for 60 s. The LEDs, cameras and microphones were synchronised by a La Vision timing unit (PTU X). The measured volume was relatively large at 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.2 m3.
The STB technique provided accurate particle tracking from which the acceleration of particles was determined. From the acceleration fields the unsteady pressure distributions were calculated. The microphone frequency spectrum showed two peaks which corresponded to the impingement of large coherent structures and the fan noise. Synchronisation of the flow measurements with the surface pressure allowed phase averaging and a causality correlation technique to be applied to identify the sources of sound. Cross-correlations of near-field measured quantities and the microphone pressure were used to determine the acoustic propagation paths.


Myelin was isolated from white matter of five normal control brains and from normalappearing white matter of five patients with multiple sclerosis. There was statistically significant reduction of 25% to 30% in yield of myelin from abnormal brains, due probably to inadvertent inclusion of small lesions. No abnormalities were found in distribution of major constituents—chloroform-methanol soluble and insoluble proteins and total lipid. Analysis of individual lipids, and fatty acid composition of sphingolipids likewise did not show any differences between control and multiple sclerosis myelin. Contrary to a previous report, myelin isolated from normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis brains contained normal amounts of myelin basic protein. Chemical composition of the myelin sheath in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis patients is, therefore, completely normal, at least for analytical factors examined.


The physiological role of the subtilisin/kexin‐like proprotein convertases (PCs) in rodents has been examined through the use of knockout mice. This review will summarize the major in vivo defects that result from the disruption of the expression of their genes. This includes abnormal embryonic development, hormonal disorder, infertility, and/or modified lipid/sterol metabolism. Members of the PC family play a central role in the processing of various protein precursors ranging from hormones and growth factors to bacterial toxins and viral glycoproteins. Proteolysis occurring at basic residues is mediated by the basic amino acid‐specific proprotein convertases, namely: PC1/3, PC2, furin, PACE4, PC4, PC5/6, and PC7. In contrast, proteolysis at nonbasic residues is performed by the subtilisin/kexin‐like isozyme‐1 (SKI‐1/S1P) and the newly identified neural apoptosis‐regulated convertase‐ 1 (PCSK9/NARC‐1). In addition to their requirement for many physiological processes, these enzymes are also involved in various pathologies such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, lipid disorders, infectious diseases, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.—Scamuffa, N., Calvo, F., Chrétien, M., Seidah, N. G., Khatib, A‐M. Proprotein convertases: lessons from knockouts. FASEB J. 20, 1954–1963 (2006)


Abstract For several years the so-called ' shorted emitter ' principle has been used widely to improve the performance of silicon-controlled rectifiers.In this paper the evolution of the emitter shunt ig surveyed, and a review of simple theoretical principles is followed by an account of experiments which substantiate the general theory.


ABSTRACT
 Maritime shipping is one of the most important activities of the global economy, with outstanding advantages in terms of volume and distance. According to projections by the International Transport Forum, Global demand for marine transportation is expected to grow dramatically over the next three decades. Along with that, maritime activities emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions, causing negative impacts on the environment. Energy consumption trends (ECT) are formed by the application of potential emission reduction solutions such as technical improvement, use of alternative fuels, efficient and economical use of fuel and optimal vessel operation. However, ECT is, an issue related to various criteria to be assessed. The goal of this study is to make science assessment of ECT which can be developed national ship emission reduction strategy. Availability of energy supply and use, emission reduction potential, economic efficiency were simultaneously considered to evaluating ECT to cut GHG emission from shipping by using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with opinions of 46 experts. The results show that hydrogen fuel ranks highest in ECT as the future fuel of the maritime industry. The findings of this study are expected as an important platform to develop national ship emission reduction strategy planning.


Harmful exhaust emissions of diesel engines are recognized as main causes of air pollution in these days. But, the direct injection diesel engine is widely used for sake of minimization on energy consumption. Because biodiesel fuel is a renewable and alternative fuel for a diesel engine, its usability is expanded. To investigate the effect of biodiesel fuel(extracted from rapeseed oil) on the characteristics of performance and exhaust emissions in an agricultural diesel engine, the biodiesel fuel derived from rapeseed oil was applied in this study. Smoke emission of esterified rapeseed oil was reduced remarkably by approximately 44.5% at 1500 rpm, full load in comparison with the commercial diesel fuel. The power, torque and brake specific energy consumption of the diesel engine showed very slight differences. It was concluded that esterified rapeseed oil could be utilized effectively as an alternative and renewable fuel for agricultural direct injection diesel engines.


Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. In some instances, smoke odors were perceived but no leak or suspect pipe was identified suggesting the odor originates from an unidentified pipe located behind or enclosed in a wall. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. A relationship was found between TCE concentrations in the roof truss area, plenum space above 2nd floor offices, and breathing zone of 2nd floor offices. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels in the plenum and office spaces. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.


The invention provides a sandwich anode structure of an organic electroluminescent device and a preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, a transparent conductive oxide film is deposited on a transparent glass substrate by adopting the methods of sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, spraying pyrolysis, sol-gel or pulsed laser deposition; secondly, a metallic film is deposited on the transparent conductive oxide film through vacuum evaporation; and eventually, metal oxide or a metal oxide/organic matter doped layer is deposited on the metallic film through vacuum evaporation. The novel anode structure provided by the invention is adopted to effectively improve the hole injection capability and improve the performance of an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) device.


By bringing the system theory into the Zero-profit drug supply policy in community health facilities to determine factors affecting the operation of Zero-profit drug supply policy,and put forward suggestions that through determining hierarchy of drug purchase,keeping dynamic of drug supply,improving function of community health facilities,reducing association of internal,perfecting regulation of government,and building positive external environment to drive the operation of policy of zero-profit drug.


Cianjur, West Java, has the potential for beach recreation tourism development object. This research was conducted to analyze beach recreational suitability and carrying capacity estimations. The survey method is used for data collection. The parameters observed were the physical appearance of the beach, dangerous biota, supporting facilities, and infrastructure. Data processing was performed to calculate the value of the beach recreation suitability index in order to determine the category of tourism suitability and calculate the carrying capacity of the tourism area. Based on the result of this research, the percentage value of the suitability of 6 beaches ranges from 42.59%-77.77%. There are 4 locations categorized as very suitable, while 1 location is categorized as in accordance with the requirements, and 1 location is categorized as not suitable. The smallest carrying capacity of beach recreation and beach sports tourism object is Batu Kukumbung beach, with 140 people/day, while the largest is Tipar Sunlight Beach, with 5139 people/day. This research suggests that Jayanti Beach is a priority for developing beach recreation tourism locations in Cianjur with a slight increase in facilities.


Fatty amines are subject to microbial degradation in the environment. Dodecylamine and dodecyldimethylamine are degraded within one week in the Closed Bottle test. Didodecylamine and didodecylmethylamine are less easily degraded but still reach 60% degradation within 4 weeks. The biodegradability of dodecyldimethylamine and didodecylmethylamine in Closed Bottle tests inoculated with soil, river water and ditch water is comparable to the test inoculated with activated sludge. Pure cultures capable of utilizing the readily biodegradable fatty amines as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated from activated sludge. In general, the substrate specificity of the isolates is related to the number of long alkyl chains of the fatty amines. Degradation of dodecylamine and didodecylamine by pure cultures is accompanied by the liberation of ammonia. Dodecyldimethylamine and didodecylmethylamine are oxidized by splitting off the alkyl chain(s) and leaving dimethylamine and methylamine, respectively, for further oxidation by other microorganisms.


This paper attempts to re-organize and analyses the Prophetic Hadith in giving an alternative approach for the designs of modern mosques in Malaysia. The research has been done by collecting traditions in the collections of al-Bukhari and Muslim which are then elucidated and formulated as a reference-framework for handling various issues and confusion in the making of designs of modern mosques in Malaysia. This research consists of documentations and analysis of the collections of the Prophetic traditions concerned in illuminating various issues and problems on the designs of mosques in Malaysia and the world. Hopefully, through this research in this paper we can understand the utilization of the Propetic Tradition as one of the main alternative approaches and reference frameworks in bringing out modern mosque designs in Malaysia for the present and the future.


Since a few years, the European Union (EU) has taken several initiatives to promote and protect innovation. According to the European Commission, innovation is the prerequisite for the competitiveness of the European industries and businesses and, furthermore, for growth and employment. Thus, innovation has been given a central place in the Lisbon strategy which influences national and European policies and actions. In this context, intellectual property rights (IPRs) enforcement has become a priority in fighting counterfeiting and piracy which have increased in a worrisome way. The achievement of the single market is the first legal basis to organize a uniform system of IPRs by creating titles that coexist with national ones. But, in the context of globalization, the EU does also deal with external trade policy as part of the external aspects of the Lisbon strategy. The interface between external trade and IPRs appeared in 1986 in the framework of the Uruguay Round. But, at that time, the European Community had no competence on this subject. The Amsterdam and Nice treaties tried to give it the competence in the commercial aspects of intellectual property. Such initiative resulted in a lack of visibility, as its competence was shared with the Member States. As the Lisbon treaty has clarified its competences, the European Union has now an exclusive competence in the commercial aspects of intellectual property and the Council can act by a qualified majority to conclude agreements on this subject. Without waiting the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty, the European Commission has decided that IPRs were one of the new growth sectors that the EU would include in the foundations of its common commercial policy. The EU maintains its commitment to multilateralism and is involved in the Doha Round which tries to improve the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement in line with development priorities. In that context, the UE has a unique status of full member next to its member states and tries to get a better protection of geographical indications. But, as the negotiations face strong oppositions between the parties on the agricultural subject, the European Commission has decided, through free trade agreements (FTAs) to get stronger and stricter provisions on IPRs. By concluding FTAs, the EU seeks to obtain extended engagements than in the multilateral context. This is also a way for the UE to export its own standards of IPRs protection. Bilateralism is considered a complement to multilateralism and the European Commission wants to use the same tools as its "competitors", such as the United States. On the basis of several criterias, it has identified countries which could become its trading partners through FTAs. The study of the recent agreements between the EU and the Cariforum group and with South Korea reveal deeper engagements from the EU's trading partners to provide an IP protection similar to the one in the EU. Furthermore, since 2007, negotiations are engaged with ASEAN and India which have qualified as priorities for the conclusion of new generations of FTAs. The European Commission seems to be all the more determined to improve through bilateral cooperation the enforcement of IPRs as the "Europe 2020" strategy maintains the priority on innovation and the end of the Doha Round is not predictable in a middle term. But this position may not be conformed to the EU's international objectives.


In fusion devices measurements of the radiation temperature Tr(ω,k) near the electron cyclotron frequency ωc and the second harmonic 2ωc in directions nearly perpendicular to the confining magnetic field B (i.e., k≊k⊥ ) serve to map out the electron temperature profiles Te(r,t). For optically thick plasmas at thermodynamic equilibrium Tr=Te. However, there is increasing experimental evidence for the presence of nonequilibrium electron distributions (such as a drifting Maxwellian with appreciable values of the streaming parameter ξ=vd/vt, a bi‐Maxwellian, an anisotropic Maxwellian with T⊥≠T∥, etc.) in tokamak plasmas, especially in the presence of radio‐frequency heating. Examined here (both nonrelativistically and relativistically), is the dependence of Tr on ξ, T⊥/T∥, Th/Tb, nh/nb, etc., where nb, nh, Tb, and Th are the densities and temperatures, respectively, of the bulk and the hot components of the bi‐Maxwellian plasma. The bi‐Maxwellian results predict that the ratio Tr/Te is a very sensitive functi...


Lipoxygenases (LOXs), cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) catalyze peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. In humans they convert arachidonic acid into a variety of eicosanoids, which play a role in all inflammatory responses, cardiovascular and kidney diseases, Alzheimer's, cancer and other ailments. Blocking one pathway can prompt the body to switch to the available alternatives. In contrast to CYP and COX, LOX has a non-heme iron co-factor. Several LOXs are produced or stress-induce d in the human body. They share the same mechanism, but differ in sequence causing catalysis on the same substrate to be regio- and stereospecific. The action of 15-LOXs could be pro- or anti-inflamma tory, and pro- or anti - carcinogenic. Depending on the dose, LOXs inhibitors can induce or inhibit other oxygenases. Inhibition of these enzymes presents a great challenge in solving the problem of how to control their action and treat diseases, without causing severe side effects and maintaining/restoring a delicate equilibrium between them. Research on CYPs and COXs is more advanced, while studies of LOXs are lagging behind. This article presents a brief review about LOX structures and inhibition, their involvement in human diseases, and their interplay with other oxidoreductases.


Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) represents a new class of medicinal products, which include - amongst others - somatic cell and gene therapies. As the final product is intended for administration into humans, manufacturers of ATMPs are obligated to apply good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards within their processes. Reaching and maintaining such standards is cost intensive and requires sophisticated manufacturing facilities. As a result, academic researchers who are developing these novel therapeutic approaches are facing new technological and financial challenges. In order to bring more commercially accessible therapies to patients and demonstrate efficient manufacturing technologies, we established the clean-room technology assessment technique (CTAT). CTAT comprises several tools to identify and assign a reliable monetary value to the different operational processes. The model also serves as a guideline for optimizing the operation of an academic GMP facility.


An intelligent fuzzy method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is presented in this paper. In this method, fuzzy inference process can be finished by an equation with an adaptive factor instead of fuzzy rules lookup table, which saves memory space and accelerates operation process. It is simple to be implemented on single chip. The availability and adjustability of this method is validated by experiments using PV arrays, boost converter and single-phase grid-connected inverter. The simulation and experiment results showed its attractive features such as simplicity, fast response, well dynamic performance and that it can increase output power extracted from PV arrays.


: Primary amines are obtained in good to excellent yields by highly selective monoalkylation of ammonia with alkyl and aryl ketones using titanium(IV) isopropoxide and sodium borohydride.


Moss (1993) proposed a theoretical relationship between herd productivity and liveweight of cows, and suggested that replacement heifers calve at 85% of mature live weight. To test this relationship data were obtained for 2100 animals on 14 commercial dairy farms in the West Moreton region of south-east Queensland. Farms with production levels from 3500 to 8700 litres(L)/cow were selected, and all animals above 12 months of age were weighed immediately after morning milking during a 4-week period in summer 1994. Mature liveweight of cows at calving Y (kg) increased from 560 to 730 kg with increasing production X (L/cow) (Figure l):-


Giving credit to debtors can pose a default risk. This risk arises because of an error in analyzing the credit risk rate of the debtor. Therefore, this study aims to design a framework for analyzing the credit risk rate of debtors so that the default risk can be reduced. This framework is created using the integration of factor analysis and Tsukamoto's fuzzy logic method. This integration method can group many credit assessment variables into several decisive factors. In addition, the integration method can estimate credit risk rate firmly based on the α-predicate of each basic rule. This analytical framework is simulated on credit application data at a Rural Bank, in Indonesia. The simulation results show that there are three factors and one variable to measure the credit risk rate, namely: factor 1 represents repayment capacity, business length, working capital, and liquidity value; factor 2 represents the age and the difference between the granted and the proposed loan amount; factor 3 represents the stay length, character, and credit history; and one variable represents a dependent number. This research is expected to help credit institutions measure the credit risk rate in making credit decisions for prospective debtors.


. In this note, an upper bound for values of a convex function f is shown for some speci fi c arguments of the function. Thus a Mercer like inequality involving generalized Csisz´ar f -divergences is obtained. Special cases of the result are studied. Mathematics


This paper details practice-based research exploring new creative possibilities involving the ceramic extrusion process. The paper begins by providing a short overview of the extrusion technique, its characteristics and some contextual coverage of the process. The paper then describes how both tacit knowledge and theoretical material understanding have been used to overcome technical challenges through iterative research cycles and how, ultimately, the aesthetic qualities of the extrusion process have been used to develop a body of creative work. A key theme of the research is how digital fabrication technologies can be used in toolmaking scenarios to deliver innovation with a process that has long been used in craft ceramics but has remained somewhat underutilised.


We report an {\it ab initio} simulation study of changes in structural and dynamic properties of liquid Si at 7 pressures ranging from 10.2 GPa to 24.3 GPa along the isothermal line 1150~K, which is above the minimum of the melting line. The increase of pressure from 10.2 GPa to 16 GPa causes strong reduction in the tetrahedral ordering of the most close neighbors. The diffusion coefficient shows a linear decay vs drop in atomic volume, that agrees with theoretical prediction for simple liquid metals, thus not showing any feature at the pressures corresponding to the different crystal phase boundaries. The Fourier-spectra of velocity autocorrelation function shows two-peak structure at pressures 20 GPa and higher. These characteristic frequencies correspond well to the peak frequencies of the transverse current spectral function in the second pseudo-Brillouin zone. Two almost flat branches of short-wavelength transverse modes were observed for all the studied pressures. We discuss the pressure evolution of characteristic frequencies in the longitudinal and transverse branches of collective modes.


To assess the treatment of hypertrophy of inferior turbinates in patients with chronic nasal obstruction with the use of radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction technique. Ablation with radiofrequency was used in this study on the inferior turbinates of 240 patients with chronic nasal obstruction at our hospital between December 2015 and December 2017. The results were evaluated subjectively by changes in pre and postoperative symptoms, size of inferior turbinate, postoperative pain and assessment of Eustachian tube function by looking at retraction of tympanic membrane. In our study nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, sneezing, snoring, hyposmia improved in 86%, 93%, 90.2%, 33%, 60% respectively at the end of 1 month and symptoms further improved to 95 %, 100%, 90%, 91%, 100% at the end of 1 year. Similarly 35 % patients showed reduction in turbinate in first 7 days and 80 % of the reduction of inferior turbinate took place at the end of 1 month. Further improvement was seen at the end of 3 month, approximately 95 % patients showed reduction of inferior turbinate. And no significant difference was seen between 6 month and 12 months. Post-operatively 80% of patients with grade 1 and grade 2 tympanic membrane retractions showed improvement. On the contrary no improvement was seen in patients with grade 3 and 4 retractions. These results suggests that radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of inferior turbinate is an easily applied, efficient and reliable technique in the treatment of hypertrophied inferior turbinate in chronic nasal obstruction patients.


In this paper a semi-supervised regression model based on co-training is applied on the soft sensor context, together with a feature ranking approach which has the purpose of removing irrelevant features. The description of both the methods of semi-supervised regression and feature ranking, as well as the theorethical foundation of the proposed feature ranking approach are also given. To evaluate the proposed methodology, a real-world polymerization industrial process was used as example. The results demonstrate that the devised feature ranking and selection improves the semi-supervised regression model.


Reactive ion etching (RIE) experiments were performed on an optical fiber which was loaded onto an rf cathode and exposed to a low-pressure discharge of CF4 gas. This method enables the fabrication of slender optical fibers with almost uniform diameter in specified regions, but has no significant effect on the core of the fiber which is the propagation path of the signal. An optic variable attenuator was demonstrated using glycerine as an additional cladding on a thinned optical fiber of diameter 22 µm. The glycerine temperature change of 40°C caused an attenuation of 12 dB at 1550 nm. The application of a micromachined single-mode grating fiber (10/125 µm, grating wavelength: 1550 nm) to an optical fiber sensor for detecting the refractive indices of surrounding materials was examined.


Concern about the quality of life emphasized the importance of nutrition for exercise, changing eating habits and life in people of all ages. The use of nutritional supplements protein is widespread among bodybuilders in gyms in order to achieve immediate results, especially muscle hypertrophy. However, its use is not well quantified, and there is little information in scientific literature. Consequently, the indiscriminate use has gradually increased without adequate knowledge of the benefits and harms that such supplements can cause human health. Objectives: To assess the consumption of supplements whey and BCAA protein by adults aged 18 to 59 years who practice bodybuilding and correlate the alert with the aim of verifying the use and display them. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 20 individuals of both sexes who do weight training at a gym in Bethlehem, in the period from April to May 2011. The analysis of data collected was done from the software Microsoft Excel 2010 through. Results: We found that 95% of 20 respondents were male, 60% with college degrees, 60% use whey protein with the goal of hypertrophy associated with improved performance and compensate for deficiencies in power, and its main objective is hypertrophy. Since BCAA 57.1% said use with the goal of hypertrophy, but there are no studies that prove this fact. Conclusion: Considering the results and analyzed studies on the subject, we can say that the population research has mainly aimed at muscle hypertrophy, but not sure about the need for such supplementation, making ingestion under the influence of professionals trained not to indicate the same.


The oxygen isotope shifts of the vibrational modes of interstitial oxygen in silicon, obtained from isotopically enriched silicon samples, are compared with the predictions of a calculation based on a bond-centred location of the O atom, as is obtained from first principles. This comparison confirms the existence of a Raman-active mode in which the O atom is weakly involved and of a resonance producing a broadening and a small shift of the 17O asymmetric mode.


The city of Villa Alta is located at 4000 feet elevation. The trail from the summit was quite wide and it took little more than an hour to hike down to the village. The next day, Monday, was market day in Villa Alta. This enabled us to obtain extra boys to carry the additional presses brought in by plane from Oaxaca. Mr. Hallberg secured three boys without difficulty, and late in the afternoon we were off on the trail again. This time it was to get across the valley (down 1500 feet and up 2000 feet) on very steep trails to the next and last village of Yetzecovi for the night. This tiny village of 130 people has official jurisdiction over Mr. Hallberg's coffee ranch. By making this start on the trail to the ranch, we were able the next day to make a more leisurely hike to the ranch, collecting ferns along the way. The trail from Yetzecovi to the ranch rose steadily but not too steeply (compared to the other side) for three hours to the highest point of the ridge at 7200 feet. In abandoned fields near Yetzecovi we passed through a "forest" of Bracken fern, Pteridium, the fronds reaching 10 to 12 feet in height. Pine and oak were still the principal trees on this side of the mountain. The average rainfall was conspicuously heavier here than earlier on the trip, as indicated by the many epiphytes. For example, filmy ferns (Hymenophyllum myriocarpum) made their first appearance. Also species of Gleichenia became common in open areas on the upper parts of the slopes (G. palmata, G. pectinata, G. bancroftii, and G. underwoodiana). When we reached the peak, it was like stepping into another world. There was a nearly constant cover of clouds and the vegetation showed their effect. The epiphytic mosses and ferns were so dense as to cover completely all trunks and branches. Here the true rainforest began. (Weather instruments kept by Mr. Hall117


This paper proposes a novel service-oriented mobile social networking platform called MS2A for disaster situations. MS2A consists of two layers: service layer and application layer. The service layer is implemented based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) to ease application developments. By extending and composing the web services at this layer, application developers can efficiently and flexibly develop different new functions or applications for mobile disaster rescue and recovery applications. The application layer is oriented to mobile users and it integrates with functions of mobile social networks. With dynamic and automatic service collaboration support, it enables people to easily collaborate and help each other through their mobile devices in disaster situations. The results of our experiments and demonstration examples given in the paper show the feasibility and desired functionality of MS2A for relieving disaster situations with mobile devices.


The present invention discloses a video identification system which uses symmetric information of graded image block and a method thereof. When video clips are input, a frame rate of a video signal is converted to a preset value so the video signal is robust relatively to the conversion in a time axis. Afterwards, a gray grade conversion is performed for only using the brightness information of the video signal. Then, a frame size of the video signal is standardized to a preset size so the video is robust relatively to the size conversion. The frame size is divided to graded blocks by the standardized video, and furthermore symmetric information is extracted from each block thereby generating a specific vector. The graded blocks can be defined along a time axis or along a symmetric structure at a random position in the space for obtaining a graded structure on time or on time-space.


This paper identifies the stylized facts and common features of recent dollarization episodes in the Americas. It discusses the relationship between macroeconomic policies as well as political risk and inflation, and the pattern of dollarization in the region. The paper provides a model that is also tested empirically. The paper argues that the decision to dollarize in the Americas tends to be determined by the demand-side of the economies of the region because of either political risk factors or inflationary pressure. More importantly, the paper's conclusion is that the issues, policies and implications tend to be an induced government-enforced dilemma of the supply-side of the Americas' economies. JEL Classification Code: F31, F36, N26


The purpose of this study was to determine the current use of dogs in Minnesota public schools, to determine the familiarity of various educators, in particular school counselors, with pet facilitated therapy, to determine the support for pet facilitative therapy and to determine potential concerns of educators in implementing a pet facilitative therapy program in their school and/or district. A survey was sent to 75 school counselors and 15 superintendents representing 22 school districts...


We present an extended object-oriented model of the curriculum in which we attribute weights on inheritance links. This allows mapping between object classes and curriculum knowledge-units. Then inheritance property can be used for deducing knowledge-unit acquisition by a student. We also establish a relationship between knowledge organization and student behavior, particularly, learning levels. Our extended object-oriented model can be used on top of many available curriculum building tools.


In order to reduce the frequency of machine tool fault and maintenance cost,it is necessary to make a reasonable preventive maintenance cycle.The historical failure data will be quantificationally analyzed to obtain the failure rate function,and the preventive maintenance cycle model based on failure rate will be built,giving a reasonable preventive maintenance cycle.According to the maintained historical data of the grinder of the company and maximum likelihood,the failure time distribution function curve was built,then proving the curve is strictly and consistently,that is to say,the Failure Rate Based Preventive Maintenance Cycle Model of Machine Tool is feasible.


Auteur(s) : Aristoteles Rosmaninho, Tiago TORRES, Gloria VELHO, Virginia LOPES, Isabel AMORIM, Manuela SELORES Department of Dermatology, Centro hospitalar do Porto-HSA, Servico Dermatologia, Edificio Consultas Externas-HSA (Ex-CICAP), Rua D. Manuel II s/n°, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal A 63-year-old Caucasian man presented with painful erythematous ulcerated skin nodules on the dorsal aspect of the left foot. On physical examination a marked swelling of the foot and a discrete drainage [...]


The discharge of faeces from animal production is a major source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollutants in the subtropical region of China. To quantify the N and P load from animal production to hydro-systems in the region, surveys on pig density and N,P inputs to farmlands, soil N and P contents, and annual observations of the N and P flows in the streams and the terminal river were carried out in a hilly watershed (134.4 km2) in Changsha County, Hunan Province. It was showed that the total NP loads from the watershed to the terminal river was 2.72 t and 0.11 t · km-2 · a-1, respectively; within which 42.2% of the N and 62.0% of the P were loaded from animal production sites. The mean animal density in the watershed was currently 3.46 AU · hm-2. The current NP inputs to farmlands was 35.8 kg and 18.6 kg · hm-2 in the watershed. Based on an estimate for the environmental adaptation capacity (EAC) of N and P in the watershed, the current animal density was 2.4 times larger than the critical density (1.13 AU · hm-2) of the EAC for the watershed under the current N and P fertilizer inputs levels. Assuming that 30% of N discharge for animal production is re-used by farmlands, the animal density under the EAC can be set at 2.74 AU · hm-2 (equivalent to 195,000 pigs for slaughter every year). Thus, we propose to reconstruct the agricultural systems by reducing animal production and establishing an integrating crop and animal farming systems.


Abstract A small benthic juvenile scrawled cowfish, Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus 1758), is reported from the Hudson River. A description of this life stage is provided and the specimen is identified as a scrawled cowfish based on several morphological characters.


ABSTRACT We examine the rest-frame far-infrared emission from powerful radio sources with1.4GHz luminosity densities of256log(L 1.4 /WHz −1 )626.5in the extragalacticSpitzerFirstLookSurveyfield. We combineHerschel/SPIRE flux densitieswith Spitzer/IRACand MIPS infrared data to obtain total (8 − 1000µm) infrared luminosities for theseradio sources. We separate our sources into a moderate, 0.4<z<0.9, and a high,1.2<z<3.0, redshift sub-sample and we use Spitzer observations of a z<0.1 3CRRsample as a local comparison. By comparison to numbers from the SKA SimulatedSkies we find that our moderate redshift sample is complete and our high redshiftsample is 14per cent complete. We constrain the ranges of mean star formation rates(SFRs) to be 3.4−4.2, 18−41 and 80−581M ⊙ yr −1 for the local, moderate and highredshift samples respectively. Hence, we observe an increase in the mean SFR withincreasing redshift which we can parameterise as ∼ (1 + z) Q , where Q = 4.2 ± 0.8.However we observe no trends of mean SFR with radio luminosity within the mod-erate or high redshift bins. We estimate that radio-loud AGN in the high redshiftsample contribute 0.1−0.5per cent to the total SFR density at that epoch. Hence, ifall luminous starbursts host radio-loud AGN we infer a radio-loud phase duty cycleof 0.001−0.005.Keywords: galaxies: active, star forming, infrared: galaxies, radio continuum: galax-ies.


The years after WW1 saw theorists looking at how this promising new military dimension might be deployed most effectively. 'Theory and practice: the interwar years 1919–1939' considers the new structures, the ideas that informed them, and technical developments, and how all were brought together in the Spanish Civil War. It describes how theorists thought air power could win wars alone, either by terrorizing citizens in order to force their governments to capitulate, or through demolishing a state's industrial capability to sustain a war. This was, and is, termed 'strategic bombing'. Most importantly, air power offered the possibility that future conflict might be cheaper than the 'old' wars, in both lives and money.


In advance of several anticipated one-year-duration deployments by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution investigators, the authors deployed a production model McLane Moored Profiler (MMP) on January 9, 2001 for a short-duration trial on the southern flank of the Hawaiian Ridge. The mooring was placed in 2600 meters of water and the MMP was programmed to profile continuously between 600 dbars and 1600 dbars pressure. The system completed 62 profiles, as programmed, before recovery on January 13, 2001. The average profile duration was 75 minutes, during which the system logged a complete record of conductivity, temperature, pressure, ocean current, and system engineering information. The MMP and the sensors performed well during the trial, providing greater confidence for the year-long scientific deployments now being conducted. A preliminary analysis of the engineering data gathered during the trial is presented here with discussions of zero-pressure rate detection, Strouhal oscillation, and power consumption. Fortuitously, the sensor data collected during the trial have proven to be scientifically valuable. In particular, the MMP documented striking baroclinic tidal signals that are likely the product of the barotropic tide incident on the bathymetry of the Hawaiian Ridge. A portion of the sensor data will be discussed.


Promoting successful biofuel production in developing economies requires an appreciation of local culture. In Tanzania, where soaring economic expectations have accompanied disappointing commercial outcomes, contemporary project managers would do well to adopt inclusive agricultural planning strategies. Overlooked in the past, Tanzania's farmers now demand a place at the project planning table. Meanwhile, the Tanzanian government has called on the Japan International Cooperation Agency to assess local obstacles to economic development. Strongly influenced by Professor Ikujiro Nonaka, the Japan International Cooperation Agency's methodology suggests community participation and local management are central to project success, and both are vital to assessing success and failure in Tanzania's Jatropha biofuel industry.


In recent years, research on arbitrary view image generation using multi-cameras is attracting wide attention. The arbitrary view image generation technique is classified into Model-Based Rendering (MBR) and Image-Based Rendering (IBR). Here, we propose a new method based on IBR using MBR interpolation. This method has the concept which uses a model properly according to camera density, for interpolation IBR technology. Especially we showed the concrete realization method of the algorithm in the middle camera density. And, the computer simulation of arbitrary view image generation using our algorithm is performed. It is verified that this method is simple and useful to generate arbitrary view image at high speed. Moreover, algorithm was mounted in the system using PC cluster. The system using PC cluster has performed this algorithm in real time.


The ternary Ni-P-W coatings containing scattered Nb2O5particles were deposited on the sintered NdFeB substrates by electroless plating. The effect of experimental processing parameters on the deposition rate was investigated during electroless plating. The coatings performance, such as corrosion resistance, interfacial adhesion strength and micro-hardness, was evaluated by experimental testing. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-W/Nb2O5 composite and the interfacial adhesion strength between Ni-P-W/Nb2O5coatings and NdFeB substrate have been increased with increasing the Nb2O5 concentration up to 15gL-1. Increasing Nb2O5 concentration over 15gL-1decreases the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-W/Nb2O5composite and the interfacial adhesion strength. Testing of micro-hardness showed that the hardness of Ni-P-W coatings containing scattered Nb2O5 composite increases with increase in Nb2O5 concentration.


The concept of tiles was introduced in HEVC as a parallelization strategy. Tiles in HEVC enable the video to be split into independent rectangular regions, thus can be processed in parallel. However, as more threads are devoted to the execution of a parallelized program, the load imbalance among tiles would make threads' idle time to be expected to increase, thus harm the aggregated coding time and speedup performance as well. To expose as much parallelism of HEVC encoding as possible, in this paper, several skills including CNN are conducted. Our design is based on the tradeoff between parallel efficiency and coding efficiency. The goal of CNN filtering are two folds. Firstly, the CNN model gives the prediction of the quadtree structure for each CTU, avoiding the time-consuming CU partition in HEVC if the prediction is reliable. In addition, these CNN outputs (probabilities) can be employed as a filter to decide whether a CTU will be processed by a low-complexity CNN partition mode or the original HEVC mode. The experimental results show that the proposed method could perform well in terms of speedup and aggregated coding time with negligible (minor) coding efficiency loss.


Validation of direct surface swabbing procedure in conjuction with total organic carbon (TOC) analysis is described for a biopharmaceutical product manufacturing operation. The swabbing technique was found to be very effective in reliably detecting very low levels of residuals for diverse process streams (limit of detection of approximately 0.5microg/cm(2)). However, contaminant recovery was significantly dependent on both the type of contaminant and the processing surface. This study serves as a guide for designing effective cleaning validation protocols based on direct surface swabbing techniques. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Aircraft cabin thermal environment is a key issue on flight selection by passengers, especially for long-haul flights. Currently, there have been some studies on the passengers' thermal comfort in civil aircraft cabins. However, information is still limited on the changes in passenger thermal expectation with flight time. In this study, an aircraft cabin mockup was built, and three experiments involving human subjects were carried out in order to study the in-flight thermal environment in winter, summer and autumn, respectively. The cabin temperatures during the experiments were controlled according to the thermal neutral temperature model derived from our previous study on actual flights. The thermal neutral temperature model was checked by experimental results. The changes in thermal expectation were investigated based on physical measurement and questionnaire survey. In each experiment, the changes in the mean thermal sensation votes of passengers were less than 1, while the cabin temperature increased by 2.8°C, 1.8°C and 2°C from the beginning to the end during the three experiments, respectively. With the increase in the simulated flight time, passengers gradually expected a slightly higher cabin temperature. This trend would become very obvious when the simulated flight time was longer than 2 h.


The elements of display space and indoor environment of museum are studied by classification and comparison.The interior function communication linescale of space and methods of display are analysed.The assuring measures and methods of display of light environment of display space in museum are summed up. And the choice for the form of lighting is discussed.


AUTHOR Kacer, Barbara A.; Craig, James R. TITLE Evaluation of Educational Technology in Kentucky Middle Schools. PUB DATE 1999-11-00 NOTE 25p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association (Point Clear, AL, November 17-19, 1999). PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Educational Change; Educational Research; *Educational Technology; *Maps;, *Middle Schools; Program Evaluation; *Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *Kentucky; Kentucky Education Reform Act 1990; Reform Efforts


In this paper, we develop a new fitness function based on adjustment of the original fitness function using population performance. We call this new fitness function norm-referenced fitness function since it is motivated by the idea of norm-referenced test. Experiments performed in two benchmark problems show that, the norm-referenced fitness function developed is capable of improving the overall performance of GP system. Further analysis of the fitness function reveals that the original fitness function suffers from an implicit bias we named as implicit bias towards exploitation in later generations. This implicit bias pushes the population towards convergence. The norm-referenced fitness developed however does not inherit this bias, and we think this is the main reason why the norm-referenced fitness function is able to outperform the original fitness function. We further study the selection of the newly introduced parameter lambda in norm-referenced fitness function and give a number of advices to select the optimal value of the parameter.


The kinetics of the oxidation of oxovanadium(IV), VO(H/sub 2/O)/sub 5//sup 2 +/, by RuL/sub 3//sup 3 +/ and NiL/sub 3//sup 3 +/ and the reduction of dioxovanadium(V), VO/sub 2/(H/sub 2/O)/sub 4//sup +/, by OsL/sub 3//sup 3 +/ (L is 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, or a substituted derivative) were studied in acidic aqueous media at 25/sup 0/C. The oxidations of CO/sup 2 +/ displayed an inverse rate dependence on acid concentration with a rate law of the form k/sub obsd/ = k/sub a/ + k/sub b/(H/sup +/)/sup -1/, while the rate constants for the reduction of VO/sub 2//sup +/ increased with (H/sup +/); k/sub obsd/ = k/sub c/ + k/sub d/(H/sup +/). The more reactive vanadium(IV) and -(V) species are the VO(OH)/sup +/ and VO(OH)/sup 2 +/ ions, respectively, and an application of the Marcus relationship to the cross-reaction data yields a self-exchange rate constant of approx.10/sup -3/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ for the VO(OH)/sup +/2+/ couple. The exchange rate constant is similar to the corresponding values derived from Marcus calculations for Fe/sup 2+/3+/(aq) and the isoelectronic TiOH/sup 2+/3+/(aq) couple.


Aim: Determine the effect of different inoculum concentrations of T. harzianum from semi - arid soils on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of maize seedlings under water stress. Methods and Results: This study employed a three-factor factorial (3×4×4) design, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Three maize varieties (H614, H629 and H6210) were treated with four concentrations of T. harzianum (0, 1x10 5 , 1x10 7 and 1x10 10 spore/ml and thereafter grown under four osmotic potential regimes (0, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa). Results from the study showed that T. harzianum had a significant effect on Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity of maize seedlings and did not enhance either maize seed germination or seedling growth. The activity of SOD and CAT was significantly enhanced by T. harzianum in all the three varieties of maize. Optimum SOD and CAT activity were recorded in seeds treated with 10 7 spores/ml of T. harzianum . Under normal growth conditions (0MPa), SOD and CAT activities were not enhanced by T. harzianum . However, under severe water stress (-0.9MPa), maximum activity of the enzymes was registered in all the three varieties of maize. Conclusion: Maize seedling colonization by T. harzianum enhanced systems of antioxidative enzymes. Maximum activity of these enzymes was recorded under severe water stress (0.9MPa) mainly in seedlings treated with 10 7 spores/ml of T. harzianum . Consequently T. harzianum from semi-arid soils may be employed to improve maize plants' tolerance to water stress. Significance and Impact: With rapid increase in human population, coupled with global climate change, there is need to devise a cheap and safe option to increase the production of food crops. The ability of T. harzianum in promoting plant growth precisely maize under stress is of importance.


This paper presents a case study concerning the optimization of a DC ferrofluid actuator designed to transmit small pressures, using genetic algorithms. The optimization problem consists in finding the values of some mechanical parameters of the actuator as well as those of the magnetic permeabilities of the device components, that render a maximum equivalent force. The magnetic field inside the actuator is determined using the finite element method and the force acting on the flexible parts is calculated using Maxwell's magnetic tensor. I. Introduction Actuators using magnetic fluids or ferrofluids (which are basically colloidal suspensions of small Fe3O4 particles dispersed in a dielectric carrier liquid) gain an increasing importance, their usage being rather extended for the transmission of small pressures and forces. One application of these small scale devices is based on the possibility to control the pressure exerted by a dielectric fluid with magnetic properties (μr>1) by means of small variations of a D.C. current in an excitation coil that magnetizes the fluid. Technical literature presents several types of magnetic fluid actuators that have metallic mobile parts, placed inside or outside the ferrofluid, or that have flexible parts, allowing for a distortion that depends on the fluid magnetization (1), (2). If a D.C. field of moderate amplitude is applied the magnetic force will be quadratic in terms of the D.C. current producing the magnetic field. In our previous papers (2), (3) several types of ferrofluid sensors and actuators were analyzed theoretically and tested experimentally. In (4) an optimum configuration of the actuator was sought for using the hill-climbing method. The usage of genetic algorithms (GA's) in electromagnetic optimization problems date back to 1990's, a significant number of articles on this topic being published since, both for the optimization of D.C. or low frequency devices, as well as for high frequency ones (5)...(9). Some of these studies concern the optimization of coupled electro-mechanical problems. The present paper presents a study of a magnetic fluid actuator with two flexible membranes. The force transmitted by the actuator is determined by performing a numerical cuadrature of the pressure exerted on the membranes, while the magnetic field (used in calculating the pressure) is obtained using the finite element method (FEM). Genetic algorithms are used to find the optimum configuration that maximizes the overall force transmitted by the device.


In an experiment as regard to multiplication of guava through budding, least time to bud sprout and leaf emergence was recorded with 'T' budding during mid July whereas, patch budding during mid June showed better response with respect to number of sprouted buds (7.49), survival percentage (73.33%), average length of sprout (50.27cm), average length of leaves on new growth (6.67 cm), average width of leaves (3.71 cm) and leaf area (53.86 cm2). Therefore, patch budding during the month of June is recommended for commercial multiplication of guava cv. 'Allahabad Safeda' under subtropical valley conditions of Garhwal Himalaya.


Major flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) tend to originate from compact polarity inversion lines (PILs) in solar active regions (ARs). Recently, a scenario named "collisional shearing" was proposed by Chintzoglou et al. to explain the phenomenon, which suggests that the collision between different emerging bipoles is able to form a compact PIL, driving the shearing and flux cancellation that are responsible for the subsequent large activities. In this work, by tracking the evolution of 19 emerging ARs from their birth until they produce the first major flares or CMEs, we investigated the source PILs of the activities, i.e., the active PILs, to explore the generality of "collisional shearing." We find that none of the active PILs is the self PIL (sPIL) of a single bipole. We further find that 11 eruptions originate from the collisional PILs (cPILs) formed due to the collision between different bipoles, six from the conjoined systems of sPIL and cPIL, and two from the conjoined systems of sPIL and ePIL (external PIL between the AR and the nearby pre-existing polarities). Collision accompanied by shearing and flux cancellation is found to develop at all PILs prior to the eruptions, with 84% (16/19) cases having collisional length longer than 18 Mm. Moreover, we find that the magnitude of the flares is positively correlated with the collisional length of the active PILs, indicating that the more intense activities tend to originate from PILs with more severe collisions. The results suggest that "collisional shearing," i.e., bipole–bipole interaction during the flux emergence, is a common process in driving the major activities in emerging ARs.


This paper uses the GA-SVM inversion model to invert the suspended matter concentration in Longquan Lake. Genetic algorithm (GA) optimizes the parameters of the SVM inversion model to establish the new GA-SVM inversion model, and GA can effectively improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the SVM inversion model. The inversion model was established by using the measured hyperspectral data and suspended matter concentration. Comparing with SVM inversion model, GA-SVM inversion model achieves a better result in the application of suspended solids concentration inversion. Finally we uses GF-1 remote sensing images to retrieve suspended matter concentration in Longquan lake based on GA-SVM inversion model.


According to the practical condition of 3401 fully mechanized caving face in Dayang coal mine, the relationship between strata behaviors, mining technology and stope gas emission are analyzed through real-time monitoring of the support working resistance, advance abutment pressure and gas concentration of working face. It shows that the change of working face abutment pressure has an obvious effect on the regularity of coal face gas emission. The crest value of gas emission falls behind periodic weighting, the lagging time is about one day. Other factors, like coal production processes, daily coal output and advance speed also have close relationships with gas emission.


In this paper, various kinds of laser micromachinings using a pulsed ultra violet laser are reported. Procedures for three dimensional axis alignments between the laser beam axis and the axes of the microstage were established, which determines the accuracy of machining. Various types of micromachining are described ranging from fundamental machining of "cutting", "grinding" and "engraving" to complex structures such as micro globe and rotating micro windmill.


Rubber for separating the teeth is little used on account of its great activity and of its disposition to work its way toward the neck of the tooth, thereby pressing on the gum and causing considerable pain. Yet rubber is made in special forms and used for this purpose still. This style of rubber often gets quite stiff, hard and rotten, making it, when wanted, unfit for use. Rubber-dam is always at hand, is always fresh and always ready for use. If a piece of this be twisted in a roll between the thumb and fingers it can be made in any size necessary for the case in hand, and being thus made cylindrical, is in the best form for application. Three, four, five or a dozen turns can be made of a small discarded piece of an inch square to place between the teeth to effect their separation.


The article describes models of communication and playing up with connotative semantics of a proper name in the contemporary ethno-socio-cultural situation. Associative strategies of the language game are characterized, which stress aspects of social and ethnic marked semantics of proper names used in Mass Media.


Perhaps psycholog~cts occasionally forget, as the data continue to accumulate, how simply an expectancy theory can approach a problem that may be very resistant to a reinforcement viewpoint (Ritchie, 1951; Solomon & Wynne, 1954). The following thumbnail sketch might serve as a useful reminder. In reward training and its extinction, S commonly experiences a sequence of stimulus changes terminated by an appropriate incentive; he then experiences that same sequence of events now terminated by the absence of that incentive. But such rarely occurs during extinction following avoidance training: S commonly avoids belore the complete sequence of events leading to the now-absent aversive stimulus can elapse. Thus the extinction procednre, as exemplified by extinction following reward training, may not even occur. This suggests that rhe greater persistence of the response frequently observed following avoidance training is not necessarily a reflection of the uniqueness of avoidance training but may merely indicate the absence of interference. The present interpretation is clearly an expectancy-interference one, with the expectancy permanent and the resulting behavior modifiable only by means of new and conrradictory expecrancies. No unique concepts are needed here; to the degree that the initial expectancy encounters no opposing acquisitional process, to rhat degree the behavior will not be altered. To obtain true extinction then, S must experience the same or a very similar srimulus sequence rhar he did during training but now discover the absence of the outcome of that sequence. S has every reason to "cooperate" with E during extinction following reward training to satisfy this requirement, and so he extinguishes rapidly, but little reason to do so following avoidance training, and hence the relatively greater resistance to extinction. E may, of course, attempt to accelerate avoidance extinction by physically forcing S to submit to the extinction procedure or by piwishing S for not doing so (Solomon, Kamin, & Wynne, 1953). But forcing can easily introduce distinctive changes inro the sequence oE events and thus lead to discrimination learning on the part of S rather than true exrincrion: when that force and its attendant cues are removed, the avoidance response may again reveal itself. Nor can punishment for avoiding interfere in any direct way with S's expectancy of punishment for not avoiding. And, in terms of delay, the immediate expectancy for not avoiding may well be more decisive than the eventual outcome for avoiding. REFERENCES RITCHIE, B. F. Can reinforcement theory account for avoidance? Psychol. Rev., 1951, 58, 382-386. SOLOMON, R. L., KAMIN, L. J., & WYNNE, L. C. Traumatic avoidance learning: the outcomes of several excinccion procedures with dogs. I. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 1953, 48, 291-302. SOLOMON, R. L., & WYNNE, L. C. Traumatic avoidance learning: the principles of anxiety conservation and partial irreversibility. Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 353-385.


A 25-year-old man presented with spontaneous surgical emphysema resulting in swelling of his upper torso, neck and face. He had an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) 1 year earlier for acute myeloid leukaemia, complicated by severe refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The CT thorax demonstrated a tracheal defect causing pneumomediastinum, marked surgical emphysema and features of atypical pulmonary infection (figure 1). The flexible bronchoscopy confirmed the presence of two anterior perforations in the cervical trachea (figure 2). No samples were taken for microscopy as the patient desaturated during bronchoscopy and the procedure was abandoned. …


The synergistic control of resistance reduction and sealing poses challenges to enhancing the rapid dynamic response ability of servo hydraulic cylinders; the key to solving this problem is effectively controlling the sealing gap value. In this study, a micro-variation between the hydraulic cylinder and the piston based on the disadvantage of conventional seals, constant gap seals, and lip gap seals was constructed; MSMA assist support blocks were designed on the piston to form a gap seal strip; then, the sealing gap value could be changed by controlling the magnetic field intensity. Simultaneously, the effects of magnetic field strength, parts-manufacturing precision, temperature, and hysteresis on the micro-variation in the MSMA were analyzed, and effective solutions were proposed. Finally, experiments on the magnetic field, temperature, and hysteresis were conducted by the measurement system. The results showed that the variable value of the sealing gap with the MSMA is feasible under ideal conditions, and can effectively change the amount of MSMA expansion by controlling the magnetic field strength, temperature, preload, etc., and then change the amount of the sealing gap of the hydraulic cylinder. This is the key to achieving friction and sealing control, which plays a crucial and active role in improving the efficiency of hydraulic systems. However, the impact of hysteresis effects cannot be ignored, which will be the main problem to be solved in the future.


A median nerve injury in the forearm may lead to devastating sequelae if left untreated. Even with appropriate treatments involving microsurgical techniques and postoperative care, patients may still experience lasting neuropathic pain that significantly reduces their quality of life. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is widely performed to alleviate such neuropathic pain caused by trauma. A 47-year-old man visited our pain clinic with allodynia, hyperalgesia, paresthesia, skin color changes, and atrophy in the right forearm. In the orthopedic department, the patient was treated by neurectomy of the median nerve to manage the intractable pain. However, the effect was unsatisfactory. The fourth median nerve block performed in our pain clinic after neurectomy produced good results, and ultrasound-guided PRF of the median nerve was performed. The patient showed 80% relief of symptoms within 5 hours after the procedure. The visual analog scale score for the forearm decreased from 8/10 to 1/10. This case suggests that ultrasound-guided PRF can be a therapeutic option for the management of refractory neuropathic pain after neurectomy in patients with a median nerve injury.


This study addresses the global distribution of precipitation mean particle size using data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The mass-weighted mean diameter, Dm, is a characteristic parameter of the precipitation particle size distribution (PSD), estimated from the GPM Combined Radar-Radiometer Algorithm (CORRA) using data from GPM's dual-frequency precipitation radar and microwave imager. We examine Dm in individual precipitation systems in different climate regimes and investigate a six-year (2014-2020) global climatology within 70° N/S.The vertical structure of Dm is demonstrated with cases of deep convection, frontal rain and snow, and stratocumulus light rain. The Dm values, detectable by GPM, range from ~0.7 mm in stratocumulus precipitation to >3.5 mm in the ice layers of intense convection. Within the constraint of the 12-dBZ detectability threshold, the smallest annual mean Dm (~ 0.8 mm) are found in the eastern oceans, and the largest values (~ 2 mm) occur above the melting levels in convection over land in summer. The standard deviation of the annual mean is generally < 0.45 mm below 6 km.Climate regimes are characterized with Dm annual/seasonal variations, its convective/stratiform components, and vertical variabilities (2-10 km). The US Central Plains and Argentina are associated with the largest Dm in a deep layer. Tropical Africa has larger Dm and standard deviation than Amazon. Large convective Dm occurs at high latitudes of Eurasia and North America in summer; the southern hemisphere high latitudes have shallower systems with smaller Dm. Oceanic storm tracks in both hemispheres have relatively large Dm, particularly for convective Dm in winter. Relatively small Dm occurs over tropical oceans, including ITCZ, requiring further investigation.


The present invention provides an apparatus and method for active antenna receives signals, the digital processing means comprising sequentially connected, the transceiver module and RF antenna array further comprises a combiner, antenna feeder passive phase shifting network and air interface ANT, wherein: combiner, located between the RF module and the transceiver antenna array active antenna for a radio frequency signal and the RRU radio frequency signal combiner corresponding to the antenna array antenna element; and a signal receiving antenna element, and after the signal power are transmitted into the active antenna to the transceiver and the RF signal RRU passive antenna feeder module and phase shifting network; passive antenna feeder phase shifting network coupled to the plurality of combiners, for receiving the air interface to ANT is output to the RRU and the RRU receives signals from a plurality of combiner is combiner ANT via an air interface; RRU transmit signal power are transmitted to the multiplexer is divided into a plurality of combiner. The present invention is an antenna array by multiplexing, improved equipment utilization.


reform proposals are by nature complex in both process and results. The application of the reform can often have different effects on various constituent groups. Because of these possible effects, many interest groups provide inputs to the legislative process. The usual form has been for these inputs to be provided through lobbying efforts and through testimony at hearings, often a lengthy process. In order to most effectively use these inputs, legislators need more efficient systems to handle, absorb, and disseminate the masses of information that are required for such an interactive system to function properly. In an interactive system, feedback loops provide information flows fron constituent groups to legislators and vice versa. One of the objectives of the efforts described in this paper was to shorten the time frame of the interactive system's response by providing a testing medium for the feasibility and political acceptability of a proposal rather than the more lengthy process of passing legislation and then having to amend or repeal it. Much of the information required in evaluating a tax reform proposal can be expressed quantitatively (dollars, percentages, rates of change, etc.) Therefore, it is possible to use mathematical modeling techniques, such as simulation, to estimate some of the potential impacts. These techniques lend to the evaluation process efficient methods of handling the data and an objective basis for effective decision making. A more systematic approach has been developed for the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to efficiently incorporate these techniques in evaluating tax reform proposals.


This article aims to analyze how the participants of the "rolezinhos", mostly black and peripheryc young people, were represented in digital media and what the impacts of these symbolic constructions for social life. Using the concept of social representation of Moscovici, it is intended to conduct a content analysis from the online newsletter Folha de Sao Paulo, in addition to analyze the comments of Internet users after the news story. It appears that the black and peripheryc young people, which participates in the "rolezinhos", is criminalized in society, causing fear in the social environment of the middle class, represented often as thug and disturbing the social order that had settled in private spaces of consumption.


The increase of international and European Union migration has led to increasing attention to the impact of Member States' legislation on the recognition, legal certainty and standardization of procedures for the movement of official documents, as part of the free movement of persons within the European Union. This article responds to European Union's needs by examining the extent to which the various regulations, in particular regulations having direct and immediate application, being long and complex and comprehensively governing some cross-border procedures that underline the recognition of official documents within the European Union. It is a fact that the Union facilitates and accelerates the cross-border application of aspects of the free movement of persons in private international law, encourages the simplification of the requirements for the presentation of certain official documents in EU, while strengthening the security of Union citizens' identity cards and residence documents etc. By using the historical and comparative method, the conclusions drawn from this analysis refer to the need to apply these legislative rules established due to the necessity to ensure legal certainty and predictability at Union level, but also offering to European citizens an attractive option compared to the classic variants of international law, the latter providing at times a more convincing and comprehensive legal certainty.


A novel approximate Full Adder cell is presented which is based on the combination of standard CMOS logic and pass transistor logic styles. The carbon nanotube field-effect transistor technology is used to simulate and implement the proposed cell. Comprehensive simulations at various power supplies, output loads, and ambient temperatures are conducted using the HSPICE tool. According to simulation results, its delay, power-delay product, energy-delay product, and normalized energy-delay-area product improve by 18%, 10%, 39%, and 15% compared with the best existing design. The effects of diameter variations of carbon nanotubes on the functionality of the circuits are studied by Monte Carlo transient analysis. Simulation results confirm that the proposed cell is resistant to the process variations. At the application level, all circuits are employed in image blending to assess their efficacy in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index criteria using the MATLAB tool. Simulation results of image processing indicate that the proposed cell has a reasonable functionality and produces output images with adequate quality to be inferred by humans.


A range of nitrogen-doped amorphous hydrogenated carbon samples (a-C:N_x:H, where x = 3 at.% and x = 7 at.%) have been studied using neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy to obtain detailed information about their atomic-scale structure, particularly the bonding environment of the hydrogen. The results show that the overall atomic scale network structure of the two samples is very similar; however, the hydrogen-bonding sites alter subtly as the nitrogen content of the samples is increased.


Application of left-handed (LH) metamaterials in the field of microwave engineering has grown rapidly following their experimental verification. In particular, the LH transmission line (TL) has been used to realize various microwave devices not possible with conventional TLs alone. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of the recent advances in microwave devices based on LH TLs. In particular, devices based on the unique characteristics of the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TL, which is the general model of a practical LH TL, are presented


According to an example, a method for provider bridged network communication includes receiving traffic including a source and a destination address at a first virtual local area network (VLAN) for redirection to a second VLAN. The method further includes forwarding the traffic based on the source and the destination address to a provider edge bridge (PEB) of the first VLAN, and forwarding, by a processor, the traffic from the PEB of the first VLAN to a PEB of the second VLAN.


The utility model relates to a PWM motor controller, which comprises a power source and a PWM control circuit, wherein the power source is composed of a rectification circuit, an alternating input and protection circuit, a switch power supply, a low voltage output circuit and a motor control circuit, the PWM control circuit is composed of a DSP, a multipath transceiver and a high speed asynchronous communication circuit, the alternating input and protection circuit comprises a voltage dependent resistor, a safety regulated capacitance and a common mode filter, the motor control circuit is composed of six power switch pipes, every two are connected in series, each series connection point is a phase output end which is connected with the controlled motor, the asynchronous communication circuit is connected with a photoelectric coupler in series, and six output ends of the DSP are directly connected with six control ends of a PWM motor controller. The PWM motor controller simplifies the circuit and increases the power supply protection, the DSP increases the control speed, high speed asynchronous communication increases the feedback speed, and the heat dissipating capability is increased and the volume is reduced through selecting a metal shell with a rational structure additionally.


In this study, experiments of weight detection in real environment have been made. A real time multi-camera system was used to measure the motion of the lifted bottles during weight detection. The size-weight illusions were confirmed in most groups for almost all subjects. Results of the lifting height, velocity and acceleration of the bottle's motion are computed and an interesting relationship between the motion information and the occurrence rate of illusion are demonstrated. Method of time profile analysis was also made for all experiments. The results show that the time period of dropping the bottle is notably longer than the time period of lifting the bottle. This fact provides a strong evidence to support our hypothesis proposed in the previous study that the weight cognition is achieved in the later half of the up-down movement.


Myocardial ischemia results in two major alterations in cellular metabolism that eventually may affect every cellular function. The primary and major alteration is a decrease in oxidative production of ATP and consequently a decrease in all ATP dependent processes as cellular ATP declines to very low levels. The second alteration is accumulation of metabolic products secondary to both decreased coronary flow (washout) and decreased oxidative metabolism. High levels of metabolic products result in inhibition of several enzymatic reactions. Glycolytic inhibition by high NADH results in the loss of anaerobic ATP production. Inhibition of β-oxidation by high levels of NADH and FADH2 results in a accumulation of long-chain acyl CoA and acylcarnitine esters and free fatty acids. These compounds are very active detergents and may alter several membrane functions such as Na+ K+ ATPase, and sarcoplasmic reticular, Ca++-stimulated ATPase. Inaddition, the structure and function of mitochondria may be disrupted. Long-chain acyl CoA is an effective inhibitor of lipolysis which may contribute to triglyceride accumulation in ischemic hearts.

It is well known that K+ arrest and hypothermia prevents many of the detrimental effects of ischemia. Tissue levels of high energy phosphates and the ability of the heart to recover mechanical function with reperfusion are preserved for much longer periods during hypothermic than during normothermic, hypoxic arrest. Other metabolic consequences of hypothermia and K+ arrest were studied in isolated rat hearts. Hypothermia (10°C) without ischemia completely inhibited glycolysis and reduced fatty acid oxidation to about 7% of the normothermic rate. This suggests that attempts to improve energy production by ischemic tissue during hypothermia will not be successful. Hypothermia (10°C) with ischemia not only preserved ATP levels but reduced tissue levels of lactate, acyl CoA and acylcarnitine and increased tissue glycogen. These observations suggest that hypothermia decreases energy production to the same extent as energy utilization and tissue stores of high-energy phosphates are preserved. In addition, the lack of accumulation of metabolic products decreases the potential for damage to membranes and metabolic pathways. Low levels of lactate and NADH coupled with high levels of glycogen provides a condition for rapid glycolytic rates with reperfusion and rewarming.


Analysis of the gene expression data to promote the technology of cancer diagnostic and treatment is becoming a hot research in today's field of bioinformatics. Therefore,this paper presents a method combined entropy of information processing and PCA. The use of entropy information on ultra-high-dimensional gene expression data can coarse selection and get feature subset. Due to the subset of genes are still relevant,the use of PCA can further eliminate its redundancy. The non-redundant information and orthogonal genetic characteristics obtained were real data experiment. The results show that the method used in this paper can effectively rule out redundancy of samples while maximum preserve the overall gene information. Compared with other tumor classification method,it has obvious advantages in accuracy,which proves that the method is effective and feasible.


This paper reports on a microtitre plate version of the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) reduction assay. DCPIP reduction rates of alfalfa thylakoid membranes were determined by measuring absorbance at 600 nm before and after a 1 min illumination period. The membranes were near light-saturated at intensities above 600 μE m–2 s–1. Saturation of thylakoid membranes with DCPIP occurred above 120 μM. DCPIP reduction rates increased linearly with chlorophyll concentrations from 0.25 to 2 μg. The rate of DCPIP reduction was linear throughout a 2 min illumination period (R2 = 0.99). The assay was sensitive enough to terbacil to differentiate between a 20% change in the I50 concentration. DCPIP reduction rates were sensitive to concentrations of terbacil as low as 100 nM. It only takes 13 minutes to load and read 96 samples using the microtitre plate assay compared to 5.5 h using the conventional procedure.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanisms of in vivo rhG-CSF affecting T lymphocyte.

METHODS
Peripheral blood and apheresis graft were obtained from sibling donors before and after G-CSF administration. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) stimulated by PHA before and after removing monocyte by plastic-adherence was detected by MTT test. Absolute number of MNC, costimulating molecules expression on antigen presenting cells (monocyte and B lymphocyte) and the number of CD(14)(+) cells before and after plastic-adherence treatment were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTS
After rhG-CSF administration, absolute peripheral blood monocyte counts increased by 4.2 +/- 1.74 times. By removing monocytes, proliferation of T cells after rhG-CSF administration partly restored, but remained 20.58% lower than that before G-CSF treatment. CD(86) co-stimulating factor expression on monocyte declined (66.96 +/- 13.87)% and mean fluorescence intensity (MIF) decreased (31.31 +/- 12.91)% after rhG-CSF administration. Expression of CD(80) on B lymphocyte decreased (45.77 +/- 26.58)%.

CONCLUSIONS
The increased number of monocytes after rhG-CSF administration suppressed T-cell proliferation, which was partly the mechanism of the T-cell hyporesponsiveness. The fact that monocyte and B lymphocyte expressed low level of B(7) co-stimulating factor suggested that antigen present cells might also mediate the alteration of T-cell proliferation.


The quality of bio-oil is affected by solid particles.X-Ray Diffraction,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma were used to investigate features of the particles.The results show that the content of particles varies with pyrolysis technology,and there are more particles in bio-oil obtained from circulating fluidized bed.The particles mainly consist of char,ash and a small amount of organic polymer.The major components of the ash are metal elements and SiO2,while of the polymer is oligomer with lignin structure.The content of metal elements is influenced by the characteristics of raw material for pyrolysis.


The insect excretory system consists of a group of tubes, the Malpighian tubules, which extend into the body cavity from the anterior portion of the hindgut (fig. 1). The Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood and, in addition, regulate water and salt content (Borror, DeLong, and Triplehorn 1981). Insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, cockroaches, mealworms, and milkweed bugs have many large tubules which are easily exposed by ventral dissection of the abdomen. Individual tubules can be removed and placed in insect Ringer's solution where they will remain functional for several hours. An active transport system in the wall of the tubule pumps potassium ions from outside the tubule (blood) into the inside of the tubule (lumen). In the intact animal, water and metabolic waste materials move along with the postassium ion flow and eventually all molecules enter the rectum. Water and potassium are reabsorbed through the walls of the rectum and the remaining metabolic wastes become part of the fecal material (Eckert and Randall 1978). The following simple experiments will demonstrate the basic properties of the active transport system in the Malpighian tubule.