546 Background: Oxaliplatin reduces the recurrence rate after curative surgery for stage III colorectal cancer. However, it can cause hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), an adverse effect that creates morbidity after liver resection for recurrence. SOS has conventionally been diagnosed by liver biopsy, which is invasive. We have reported that a 10% increase in splenic volume (SV) indicates SOS (J Surg Oncol 2017). In this multi-center study, we measured SV to evaluate SOS caused by adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: This multi-center study included the participants of the FACOS study, which included patients with Stage III colon cancer. Participants received 12 cycles of mFOLFOX6 or eight cycles of XELOX as adjuvant chemotherapy. We used multi-detector raw CT to measure SV three times; before surgery, on completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, and 1-year after completing adjuvant chemotherapy. CT images were taken in 5-mm slices. SV was calculated by using a volume calculator SYNAPSE VINCENT v3.0(Fujifilm, Japan). Results: The FACOS study included 130 patients, 16.9% of whom discontinued treatment. The mean relative dose intensity (RDI) of oxaliplatin was 80.3%. Grade 3 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and neuropathy were observed in 28.5%, 6.2%, and 4.6% of patients, respectively. The 3 year DFS was 82.2%. We analyzed data of 75 patients (57.7%) for whom the three CT studies were available. SV on completing chemotherapy (median 181 cm3) and SV 1-year after completing chemotherapy (141 cm3) were significantly higher than that before surgery (128 cm3) (P < 0.001). SV increased by more than 10% after chemotherapy in 72% and was still increased 1 year after chemotherapy in 51% of patients. Conclusions: In our previous single center study, SV had increased in 84% on completing chemotherapy and was still increased in 47% 1 year after completing chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy without oxaliplatin induced SV increases in only 20% of patients on completing chemotherapy. Thus, these results are reproducible and show the potential of oxaliplatin to induce SOS. Oxaliplatin frequently induces SOS and this SOS persists for over 1 year in half of affected patients. Clinical trial information: UMIN000005427.


The Slavic (or Slavonic) languages are traditionally divided into three groups: East Slavic, which includes Russian (Ru), Ukrainian (Uk) and Belarusian (Bel); West Slavic, which includes Polish (Pl), Czech (Cz), and Slovak (Slk), as well as Kashubian and Upper and Lower Sorbian, minority languages spoken in Baltic coast Poland and southeastern Germany, respectively; South Slavic, which includes Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (or BCS), Slovenian (or Slovene, Sln), Macedonian (Mac) and Bulgarian (Bg). Slavic languages are notoriously rich in linguistic means expressing or sensitive to categories of information structure. This chapter will give a concise overview of these phenomena, concentrating mainly on descriptive generalisations and only touching upon theoretical issues that are more controversial. The first two sections, Intonation (section 37.1) and Syntax (section 37.2), focus on the two most widely discussed means of marking information structure (IS). Section 37.1 is concerned with position and shape of pitch accents, whereas section 37.2 deals, first and foremost, with the phenomenon of "free word order", as well as with processes such as ellipsis, clefting, and doubling. Both sections are divided into two subsections: one describing the expression of focus, and the other dealing with the IS categories background, given, topic and delimitation. These categories are grouped together because they tend to share the same patterns of expression. For reasons of space, the coverage of related issues will not be as comprehensive as would be desirable. The discussion of focus will be mainly limited to the issue of broad vs. narrow focus distinction, at the cost of information focus vs. contrastive focus, also prominent in IS literature on Slavic languages (see e.g. Mehlhorn, 2002; Bošković, 2002; Stjepanovic, 2003, for recent empirical and theoretical studies around the notion of contrastive focus). I will concentrate mostly on IS in simple SVO sentences, although intransitive sentences, as well as sentences with more complex structure surely deserve separate attention (see esp. Zybatow and Junghanns, 1998, and Bailyn, 2012, pp. 254–266, on intransitives). Finally, the section on Intonation is based almost exclusively on Russian data (on intonation of other Slavic languages see e.g. Dogil 1980 on Polish, Palková 1994 on Czech, Misheva and Nikov 1998 on Bulgarian, Godjevac 2000 on BCS, Féry et al. 2007 on Ukrainian). These cuts were made in favour of the discussion of issues that figure less frequently in the literature on Slavic IS. This includes broader coverage of different syntactic means other than plain word order permutations— clefts of various kinds, as well as so-called "predicate clefts" (Abels, 2001; Bondaruk, 2009). A separate section (section 37.3) discusses ways in which IS interacts with Slavic clitic systems (Franks and King, 2000)—an intriguing, but badly understudied issue. Finally, section 37.4 gives examples of IS-sensitive behaviour of Slavic discourse particles.


Necessity of qualitative water treatment for seam pressure maintenance at its injection in low-permeable collectors is proved. Criteria of an estimation of qualitative water treatment are offered. The engineering and technology of qualitative water treatment for flooding are considered.


We assess the statistical errors in estimating the parameters of nonspinning black hole binaries using ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. While past assessments were based on partial information provided by only the inspiral and/or ring-down pieces of the coalescence signal, the recent progress in analytical and numerical relativity enables us to make more accurate projections using complete inspiral-merger-ring-down waveforms. We employ the Fisher information-matrix formalism to estimate how accurately the source parameters will be measurable using a single interferometric detector as well as a network of interferometers. Those estimates are further vetted by full-fledged Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the parameter accuracies of the complete waveform are, in general, significantly better than those of just the inspiral waveform in the case of binaries with total mass M ≿ 20M☉. In particular, for the case of the Advanced LIGO detector, parameter estimation is the most accurate in the M = 100–200M☉ range. For an M=100M[sun] system, the errors in measuring the total mass and the symmetric mass-ratio are reduced by an order of magnitude or more compared to inspiral waveforms. Furthermore, for binaries located at a fixed luminosity distance d_L, and observed with the Advanced LIGO-Advanced Virgo network, the sky-position error is expected to vary widely across the sky: For M = 100M☉ systems at d_L = 1 Gpc, this variation ranges mostly from about a hundredth of a square degree to about a square degree, with an average value of nearly a tenth of a square degree. This is more than 40 times better than the average sky-position accuracy of inspiral waveforms at this mass range. For the mass parameters as well as the sky position, this improvement in accuracy is due partly to the increased signal-to-noise ratio and partly to the information about these parameters harnessed through the post-inspiral phases of the waveform. The error in estimating d_L is dominated by the error in measuring the wave's polarization and is roughly 43% for low-mass (M ~ 20M☉) binaries and about 23% for high-mass (M ~ 100M☉ ) binaries located at d_L = 1 Gpc.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become increasingly valuable in various civil/military applications like industrial process control, civil engineering applications such as buildings structural strength monitoring, environmental monitoring, border intrusion, IoT (Internet of Things), and healthcare. However, the sensed data generated by WSNs is often noisy and unreliable, making it a challenge to detect and diagnose anomalies. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely used to address this problem by detecting and identifying unusual patterns in the sensed data. This survey paper provides an overview of the state of the art applications of ML techniques for data anomaly detection in WSN domains. We first introduce the characteristics of WSNs and the challenges of anomaly detection in WSNs. Then, we review various ML techniques such as supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning that have been applied to WSN data anomaly detection. We also compare different ML-based approaches and their performance evaluation metrics. Finally, we discuss open research challenges and future directions for applying ML techniques in WSNs sensed data anomaly detection.


In Software Defined Radio (SDR), a single hardware structure can be reused to conform to different standards by simply changing some parameter. A low-power, high-speed, low-area parameter-controlled Common Baseband Modulator (CBM) architecture has been proposed in this paper. Using control parameters, the proposed CBM can be configured to support Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) as well as Frequency Modulation (FM) schemes. The design, which is fully pipelined, can operate at a maximum data rate of 276 Mbps. The proposed CBM consumes maximum dynamic power of 108.41 mW when running at 100 Mbps and using only 22.7 kilo equivalent gates.


In this study, we solve the finite-time leader-follower consensus problem of discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) under the constraints of external disturbances. First, a novel consensus scheme is designed using a novel adaptive sliding mode control theory. Our adaptive controller is designed using the traditional sliding mode reaching law, and its advantages are chatter reduction and invariance to disturbances. In addition, the finite-time stability is demonstrated by presenting a discrete Lyapunov function. Finally, simulation results are presented to prove the validity of our theoretical results.


Abstract : The purpose of this thesis was to examine the policies and procedures devised by the Confederate States of America to provision its armed forces. In using the historical experience of the Confederates in logistics management, it was felt that fresh insight could be given to logistics problems of the present. The method was essentially an inductive one. The specific procedures used by the Confederates, and the success or failure in which those procedures resulted, were examined to find their roots in pervasive principles of logistics management that are still valid today. The Confederate experience was divided into three main areas in accordance with the United States Air Force definition of logistics. Those areas were 1) the production of food supplies, 2) the transportation system of the Confederacy, and 3) administrative procedures, both national and within the Subsistence Bureau, used to coordinate subsistence activities. It was found that the Confederates were able to produce adequate food supplies during the war, but that national coordination was lacking and the transportation system was incapable of handling distribution requirements of the size generated in the Civil War.


The large scale floating point matrix operations are widely used in numerical analysis, image processing and signal processing. This paper studies the design and implementation of the complex floating-point matrix multiplication operations based on high level synthesis (HLS), mainly including the design and implementation of complex floating-point matrix operation architecture, the large-scale RAM model, and the random matrix verification platform. The complex-floating-point multiplication and accumulation array is designed by HLS approach, the large-scale complex floating point matrix-vector multiply operation is implemented by instancing and paralleling the arrays, and the chip development period is greatly shorted. The correctness of complex matrix operation is verified by establishing a random verification platform. The operation latency is only 22 cycles for the 32-dimension complex-floating-point matrix multiplication at a clock cycle of 800MHz, that is only 27.5ns to implement the matrix-vector multiplication operation under the pipelining processing and the circuit meets the timing requirements.


In the age of globalization,many cities have been identified as world cities or global cities.This paper argues that only a few cities can be qualified as truly "world cities" that function as dominating command centers of the world economy.Many cities,dominating or dominated,may only show some evidence of internationalization.This paper adopts a perspective of international cities for a study of major cities in the world using the data on 69 service firms in 264 cities provided by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group(GaWC) and Network.It is found that cities have different degrees of internationalization.Except for a few top cities with a high degree of internationalization that may qualify for the status of world cities,many cities are only partially internationalized.The top elite cities are not representative of most international cities that are full of diversity with little evidence of convergence.Similarly,there are only a few truly global firms that have a wide service network.Most Transnational Corporations(TNCs) have their particular regional focus.


The local electrical properties of ultrathin (4 nm) sputtered Ta2O5 on Si was studied by the conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) technique. A current degradation during the repeatedly applied ramped voltages on the same dielectric point was observed, and the current increase was interpreted as stress-induced leakage current. With increasing applied voltages the impact of more leaky regions in the current map is stronger due to defect generation and the start of trapping/detrapping processes in these defects. Short exposure (seconds) to microwave irradiation acts as an annealing process of nanoscale level electrically active centres. The individual effect of both interfacial SiO2-like and bulk Ta2O5 layers on the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, and the difficulties in the data interpretation when using the known methods typical of macroscopic measurements were discussed. If the stack parameters used in the I–V curves fitting procedure are not known accurately the conclusion on the mechanism of conductivity is uncertain. Therefore, C-AFM as a novel characterization technique should be further developed to make it adequate for high-k stacks I–V data interpretation.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of Astragalus heart keeping decoction on the level of plasma endothelin( El') and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in rats during the coronary artery occlusion in vivo. METHODS: 44 rats were devided randomly into the sham ligation group, the control group, the Astragalus heart -keeping decoction (AHKD) group, the Composite Danshen Droplet Pills (CDDP) group. Various groups of the rats were fed with water , AHKD , CDDP for four weeks, respectively. And then rats were subjected to left anterior descending artery occlusion for 3 hour. for the determination of plasma El' and CGRP. RESULTS: the level of plasma ET was lower on average in the group of AHKD than in the control group( P 0.01) ,and in comparison with the control group there was no significant difference in plasma ET in the group of CDDP (P 0.05). The level of plasma CGRP in the AHKD and CDDP groups was higher than that of plasma CGRP in the control group (P0.01). CONCLU. SION : AHKD and CDDP have the function to regulate the level of plasma ET and CGRP in rats during the coronary artery occlusion, to improve myocardial ischemia ,and that the efficacy of AHKD is superior to that of CDDP.


A demonstration of abstinence and controlled drinking in 4 alcoholics indicates that excessive drinking can be moderated by reinforcement contingencies. Ss could earn money each time that they abstained or stopped drinking after a priming dose for one day. The magnitude of reinforcement required for maintaining abstinence or moderation was a function of the priming dose of alcohol and the delay of reinforcement. This result suggests that controlled drinking might be maintained if the reinforcers dispensed to the alcoholic were made contingent on moderate drinking.


Let d_k(n)be the numbers of expressions of n as k factors, and let D_k(x) R_k(x) = (a_(ko) + a_(k1) In x +…+a_(k,k-1) In~(k-1) x) x,(x0) be the residue of ζ~k(s)x~s/s at s=1. Define The following two theorems are proved in this paper.Theorem 1. There exist two positive constants c_k and C_k, such that for every x≥1,and every t lying in the interval the equation △_k(y)=t has, at least, one solution lying in the interval [x, x+C_k x~(1-1/k)].Theorem 2. There exists a positive constant C_k, such that for every λ≥1 and every x≥1, the following inequality holds:Theorem 1 is a little better than Hardy's resultsThe particular case λ= 2 of theorem 2 is a little better than the result of Titchmarsh:The proof of these two theorems is based on an identity, the generalized s identity: given by the author.


S ET theoretic realism is a view whose main tenets are that sets exist independently of human thought, and that set theory is the science of these entities.1 The foremost advocate of this position, the late Professor Gddel, has stressed an analogy between mathematics and physical science.2 According to G6del, higher set theory bears a relation to the rest of mathematical knowledge and to practical mathematical dealings of everyday life which is analogous to the relation borne by theoretical physics to physical science in general and to common sense knowledge of the world. Sense perception gives us knowledge of simple facts about physical objects, and a faculty of mathematical intuition gives us knowledge of sets, numbers,3 and of some of the simpler axioms concerning them. In both cases, theories involving "unobservable" entities or processes (that is, entities or processes beyond the range of sense perception or mathematical intuition) are formed in order to explain, predict, and systematize the elementary facts (of perception or intuition) and are judged by their success. A view of this sort has several attractive features: i) it allows a straightforward Tarskian semantics for set theoretic discourse, ii) it makes no mystery of how mathematical premises can combine with physical ones to yield testable consequences in physical science (that is, both sorts of premises are true in the same sense), iii) it squares with the prephilosophical views of most working


strength of gravity to cause the phase transition is not attainable for the most cases of equilibrium stars and the vacuum in the curved space-time of relativistic star is stable even in a quantum mechanical sense. This result may be reasonable since the vacuum of the spherical and uncharged space-time is stable even for black hole.8l Then, the vacuum of charged or rotating star should be examined in the next step. For the charged case, it is rather easy to show the occurrence of "discharge" of the electric field.') For the rotating case, however, it is an open question.


The lateral collateral ligament injury is often encountered, but treated as distorsion.Imperfect treatment results in instability and secondary osteoarthritis of the ankle joint.The clinical and radiographic results were reviewed in 24 patients of 37 injuries treated with primary suture of the lateral collateral ligament.The mean talar tilt angle improved to 5.2 degrees from 14.4 degrees, and the mean anterior drawer distance, to 4 millimeters from 7 millimeters. Post-traumatic instability was improved and clinical symptoms were decreased. We concluded that primary suture to acute injury of the collateral ligaments of the ankle joint Can result in stability and may prevent secondary osteoarthritis in the future.


Abstract. Recent in-flight aero-optical measurements from the Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory are provided, along with instrumentation and experimental set-up. Results of an extensive survey of the aero-optical environment at different viewing angles, for both flat-window and conformal-window turrets at different subsonic and low transonic speeds below M=0.65, are presented, compared and extensively discussed. A comparison between two turret geometries, hemisphere-on-cylinder and hemisphere only, plus the statistical analysis of wavefronts at different viewing angles, are also presented and discussed. Additionally, dynamics of a local shock appearing on the conformal-window turret at transonic Mach number are discussed.


Choir as a form of vocal music that uses human voice as its main media has a unique and interesting side of beauty, except for the beauty of melody, rhythm and harmony, the choir also delivers its message through the lyrics/verses that it sings has a sufficient number of enthusiasts many. The activities of singing or singing in groups, namely in the form of choirs in Indonesia in the last few years have shown remarkable progress both in terms of quantity and quality. Choir competitions held at national and international levels always invite high enthusiasm from choir activists or communities in Indonesia to participate. The choir competition held in the last few years, both national and international levels as mentioned above, uses a race classification system, which is based on music genres and certain times / periods of historical periods in western music. The use of the competition category system is accompanied by the rules of the organizer which usually gives freedom for each contestant to determine the song title and number of songs to be sung, so it does not require a particular song to be sung by each competitor. Along with the reality above and the increasingly competitive national level choir competition and the increasing enthusiasm of the Indonesian choir community to participate and excel at the international competition, the needs and availability of choir songs that have been arranged in good and interesting arrangements is believed will continue to increase. Writing with the title A to K of the single basic institution stage for sound alloy explains things that are fundamentally the main need for someone when they are interested in being able to master the way to make arrangements for the choir. Things that are described include: human voice coverage, voice range relationship with selection of basic scales or tones, understanding chords and their formation, chord types, chords in basic positions, I reversal and reversal II, Kadens, making harmonization, designing shapes composition, determining instrumentation, processing the elements of music, Based on the background of this, it is very necessary for an introduction to describe how to make arrangements for a choir song. The hope, with the increasing number of choir lovers who also have an interest in equipping themselves with developing their knowledge in terms of making arrangements for the choir, will in the future more and more management works be produced and certainly will enrich the literature of songs from the Spiritual category. secular, regional and pop songs for choir groups. This will also be beneficial for many choirs to maintain their existence in their musical activities. Keywords: sound, arrangement, single basic, A to K.


The invention relates to a motor vehicle door lock, lid lock or the like comprising closing elements such as a latch and catch, and optionally comprising a lock mechanism and an electromotive drive for a closing element, especially the catch or an element of the lock mechanism. The electromotive drive comprises an electric fractional-horsepower motor and an electronic motor control (6). The electric fractional-horsepower motor of the electromotive drive works in only one direction of rotation and is disconnected in at least one defined position without the use of mechanical auxiliary means for positioning. According to the inventive motor vehicle door lock, the electronic motor control (6) is adeptly designed in that during each disconnection, the disconnection position is achieved with the largest possible tolerance without the use of mechanical auxiliary means for positioning. To this end, the electronic motor control (6) comprises a circuit breaker (7) for the motor current and has a braking circuit (12) connected between the terminals (9, 10) of the electric fractional-horsepower motor. In addition, the circuit breaker (7) interrupts the motor current in order to disconnect the electric fractional-horsepower motor, and the braking circuit (12) interconnects the terminals (9, 10) of the electric fractional-horsepower motor.


Over the past ten years or so, stakeholders involved the areas of environment, health, and safety (EHS) have witnessed an explosion of voluntary environmental leadership programs of one form or another. The growth of voluntary programs (along with related new approaches intended to enhance environmental protection and workplace safety) reflects the complexity of EHS issues today, the high visibility of these concerns, and their relevance to the public. Clearly, diverse skill sets increasingly are required to manage these issues effectively.


The present study started from a clinical case of a client with malignant neoplasia in advanced stage. At the time of admission, her left breast had been removed two years before, and she had a tumor in the cervical region and a bloody mass in the axillary region, among other complications that will be detailed during this study. Aguiar1 described that among neoplasia patients, 5 to 10% develop cutaneous metastasis, with a chance to form oncologic ulcerations, sometimes during the last 6 months of life. The present study has become relevant because according to researches neoplastic ulcers are related to patient imprudence and their delay in seeking medical assistance, and/or late diagnosis of the professional to start treating the disease.1 This statement becomes controversial when compared to our case. The aforementioned patient has been routinely examined every year, but breast self-exam showed a nodule equivalent to the size of a bean. Initially diagnosed by hormonal imbalance, she then perceived the growth of a breast nodule and sought the health care service again, being diagnosed with carcinoma and immediately starting oncologic treatment.


Objective

This article evaluates the extent to which economic affluence, ecological degradation, integration into the world polity, and economic globalization each contributes to the change in environmental concern in 82 countries across seven years.

Method

Using multivariate panel regression, I have analyzed a combined data set of four waves of World Values Surveys and three waves of surveys from the International Social Survey Program.

Results

Findings reveal that exposure to ecological degradation is positively related to growing environmental concern, whereas economic affluence has a negative association. In addition, integration into the world polity does not affect environmental concern and the two indicators of economic globalization have mixed impact.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that potentially influential factors have different influence over public environmental concern. Thus, a parsimonious explanation is inadequate since there is no universalistic factor that can account for all variations in environmental concern.


This investigation was carried out to determine the pH, levels of caffeine contents in five soft drinks and four energy drinks available in local market of Pakistan. pH were measured by pH meter. Quantitative estimation of caffeine was performed by a simple and fast standard UV spectrophotometric method (Perkin Elmer lambda 35 UV/Vis spectrometer) using carbon tetrachloride as the extracting solvent at 270nm wave length. The minimum caffeine level of soft drinks was observed in Brand-3 (10.69 mg/serving), while Brand-5 showed the highest caffeine content (42.17mg/serving) showing a range from 10.6 to 42.17mg/serving. The levels of caffeine in all energy drink samples are well below the maximum allowable limits set by the food regulatory bodies, except E2. The E2 has greater calculated concentration then the labeled concentration .The minimum caffeine level of energy drinks was observed in E4 (32.04mg/L) while E2 showed highest caffeine level in energy drinks (101.705mg/serving) showing range from 32.04mg/ serving to 101.705mg /serving . And the pH ranges of these soft drinks were (2.29 to 3.02) and in energy drinks (2.85 to 3.28) .Further investigations are needed to determine the suitability of these soft and energy drinks.


This study investigates the differences in the problem solving ability and clinical performance competency by learning style of nursing students. And this study analysis the effect of problem solving ability on clinical performance competency of nursing students. The data was collected from nursing students through a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The learning style of nursing students was classified by the diverging, assimilating, converging, accommodating, and it was diverging 24.7%, assimilating 34.4%, converging 26.0%, accommodating 14.9%. The problem solving ability was classified by the confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control. Also, the clinical performance competency was classified by the nursing process, nursing skills, education/cooperative relations, interpersonal-relationships/communication, and professional development. There were significant differences in the problem solving ability and clinical performance competency by learning style of nursing students. The diverging was showed the highest score in the problem solving ability and clinical performance competency. The confidence and approach-avoidance style of the problem solving ability influenced the nursing process, nursing skills, and professional development. The confidence of the problem solving ability influenced the interpersonal-relationships/communication, and the approach-avoidance style influenced the education/cooperative relations. Specially, approach-avoidance style of the problem solving ability was important factor for the clinical performance competency. The results of this study will provide useful data on the nursing education through problem based learning and clinical practice.


Like mathematics and natural science, the psychical sciences have developed out of philosophy. Ethical rules which, derived from observation of human conduct and its motives, were deposited in ancient proverbial popular wisdom, together with a body of naive reflection about the general correlations of natural phenomena, constitute everywhere the beginnings of scientific thought. At the outset, science is dominated by interest in the cosmological problems. The consequence was that for a long time the science of the psychical nature of man-psychology-which, we would say, should have been posited as the basis of all other psychical sciences, was entirely neglected. That is, psychology was not made into a distinct and independent realm of research. Meanwhile it was treated either as a branch of natural philosophy or as an appendix of metaphysics. It has followed, in fact, that the development of the psychical sciences has not proceeded from psychology, but from the cultivation of special fields of research, whose coherence in a totality analogous with that of the natural sciences has but just been apprehended. Accordingly the phrase " psychical sciences " (Geisteswissenschaften) is of recent origin. It seems to have occurred for the first time in the attempts, in the early decades of this century, to find a comprehensive classification of the sciences.2


To meet the demand of the development of safety monitoring system, focused on Arduino development board and Android handset product, a bluetooth communication system including Arduino development board, board program and Android client program is designed. The acquisited temperature data is transferred to the Android handset client applications through the bluetooth by the Arduino development board. Tests show that this kind of bluetooth communication system for safety monitoring system can provide more economy and secure means of communication


High concentrations of crude oil are toxic to cyanobacteria but can facilitate the emergence of cyanobacterial aggregation at an appropriate concentration range; however, the exact inducing factor has never been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that increasing exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogen would inhibit the accumulation of cyanobacteria in oil-contaminated sediments. To test this hypothesis, we simulated an oil spill in estuarine sediment microcosms with and without the removal of nitrogen limitation by supplementation of exogenous nitrogen. An integrated MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene analysis along with metatranscriptome sequence was performed to achieve a comprehensive study of cyanobacterial blooms. The number of cyanobacterial sequences increased over time in both oil-contaminated and non-oil-contaminated sediments at different time points after 42 days of incubation. And, supplementation with a nitrogen resource could accelerate cyanobacterial blooms under uncontaminated microcosms but delay the bloom phenomenon and reduce the cyanobacterial abundance to a great degree when exposed to oil. Our results clearly illustrated that nitrogen limitation was a vital driver of the increased abundance of cyanobacteria in oil-contaminated mesocosms. In addition, the abundance and compositions of blooming cyanobacteria varied significantly among the different treatment groups, and Oscillatoria may play a potential and non-negligible role in oil-contaminated mesocosms.


PURPOSE: A clothing management device assembly is provided to implement the antibacterial and deodorization effects of clothing by installing a volatile module in a main body of a clothing management device. CONSTITUTION: A clothing management device assembly comprises a clothing management device and a fixing unit (200). The clothing management device comprises a main body (110), shoulder parts (120), and a ring (130). The shoulder parts are coupled to both sides of the main body so that clothing can be hung. The ring is attached to the main body and is hung on the fixing unit. Anti-skid rubbers (127) are installed in the shoulder parts. A volatile module is installed in the main body. A volatile solution volatilized by the volatile module is discharged through outlets of the shoulder parts.


The extensive literary material on acute appendicitis that has accumulated to date does not exhaust the entire depth of the issue.


Objectives: Anxiety and worry about the future, depression and grief caused by loss of health, along with: physical problems, de-creasedefficacyandself-confidence,andsocialisolationdamagethespiritualhealthof hemodialysispatients. Theaimof thisstudy was to investigate the effect of spiritual care based on sound-heart consulting model on the spiritual well being of hemodialysis patients. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, in the dialysis department of Baqiyatallah hospital in Tehran, 38 patients under hemodialysis were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Regarding outpatient care, spiritual care was carried out in the form of spiritual counseling based on the sound-heart consulting model. During the 8 volunteering counseling sessions, spiritual skills were taught to improve the four-dimensional relationship (relationship with God, self, others, and the universe of nature) with an edu-cational booklet. The spiritual health of patients with Alison's questionnaire was examined before intervention, immediately after counseling and 3 months later. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, t-test, Fisher exact test, Friedman). The SPSS24 software was used. Results: At the beginning of the study, the level of spiritual well-being of patients was moderate (overall score of 59/93), however, after the implementation of spiritual care and 3 months after the completion of counseling, there was a significant increase in the existential health and total score of spiritual well-being (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Performing spiritual counseling based on the Sound Heart model, by training religious-based spiritual skills, is a good way to improve the level of spiritual well-being of patients and can be used as a community-based approach in a nursing educational-supportive system.


In this paper we propose the development of a lesson on one of the actual syntax the structure, meaning and use of sentences with a subordinate (subordinate to the object value). The material is subject to the requirements of individualization, foster and promote self-sufficiency student in the assimilation of practical and theoretical knowledge of the Russian language. Particular attention is paid to stimulate reflection on the content and functions of the phenomenon studied using the procedure is complete statement that highlights the individual perspective of work on text competence of students.


The Universe is a violent and hostile environmental. Remote sensing methods give the possibility to search for the answer to the most fundamental question that humankind has ask, how the universe works? In this paper we would like to take a closer look at the some specific objects in the Universe that their influence on its evolution is still a matter of research all over the world. The Gamma Bursts are one of the most dangerous phenomenon that we have ever discovered. Astronomers may observe them also when watching and searching for another form of energy propagated through the time and space gravitational waves caused by binary systems of neutron stars. In the following we would like to explain the fundamentals of multi-messenger astronomy.


Ball R., Eiser D. and King D. Assessing relative spending needs of devolved government: the case of healthcare spending in the UK, Regional Studies. The block grants allocated to the UK's devolved administrations are not determined by any estimate of their spending needs. There are increasing calls to replace the current grant allocation mechanism with one that explicitly considers the devolved administrations' spending needs. This paper compares two existing formulae for estimating healthcare spending needs – used by the National Health Service (NHS) to allocate resources within England and Scotland – by applying both formulae to the devolved administrations. It is found that these formulae provide very similar estimates of the devolved administrations' healthcare spending needs, and both formulae imply that the current distribution of resources across the devolved administrations may be inequitable.


CASE A 42-year-old man presented to the ED complaining of generalized seizures that lasted for 20 seconds, followed by loss of consciousness for about 1 minute. History He has no previous history of seizures. For the past month, he has had a generalized, dull headache that worsens in the morning and is associated with nausea and double vision that improves as the day progresses. Self-treatment with acetaminophen was unhelpful. The patient says that the headache becomes worse with exercise or physical activity. The patient also complained of slowly progressive motor weakness on the right side of the body along with a sensory defect and mood swings for the past 2 months. His past medical history, surgical history, drug history, and family history were noncontributory. Physical examination A detailed examination revealed papilledema, Cushing triad (hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration), diplopia, and poor balance. His muscle strength on the right side was 3/5. Based on the patient's history and physical examination, the clinician suspected a space-occupying lesion and ordered an MRI (Figure 1). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? • oligodendroglioma • third ventricle ependymoma • glioblastoma multiforme • pineal gland tumor • meningioma • craniopharyngioma


We introduce a new method for frame-semantic parsing that significantly improves the prior state of the art. Our model leverages the advantages of a deep bidirectional LSTM network which predicts semantic role labels word by word and a relational network which predicts semantic roles for individual text expressions in relation to a predicate. The two networks are integrated into a single model via knowledge distillation, and a unified graphical model is employed to jointly decode frames and semantic roles during inference. Experiments on the standard FrameNet data show that our model significantly outperforms existing neural and non-neural approaches, achieving a 5.7 F1 gain over the current state of the art, for full frame structure extraction.


The following paper validates an algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking using Perturb and Observe technique. The algorithm starts by setting the computed maximum power PMAX to an initial value (usually zero). Next the actual PV voltage and current are measured at specific intervals and the instantaneous value of PV power, PACT is computed. PMAX and PACT are compared. PMAX and PACT are compared. If PACT is greater than PMAX, it is set as the new value of PMAX. At every instant the PACT is calculated, and the comparison is continuously executed. Hence the final value of PMAX will be the point at which maximum power can be delivered to the load. For maximum power transfer across the load, the input impedance should be equal to the load impedance. Based on the mechanism of load matching the duty cycle of the converter is varied so that the output power will almost be equal to the input in practical systems. The system will be modelled with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK.


The city infrastructure is an integral part of vehicular ad-hoc networks and intelligent transportation systems. One of the key infrastructures is the roadside unit (RSU) which can vastly improve the efficiency and coverage of data dissemination and information exchange in the vehicular network when deployed judiciously. RSU can also provide real-time traffic control, safety and road services to drivers. In this paper, we study how to strategically deploy RSUs in candidate junctions in a city layout by employing findings from taxi GPS traces such as the total daily number of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) contacts, transmissions, transmitted file size, and the average space speed. A Consolidated Weighted Mean Approach, ConsWMA, based from four practical methods for deploying RSUs, is proposed to maximize the amount of V2I contacts. We observe that these mobility traces' findings, when set as deployment criteria, can reduce the needed number of RSUs to be deployed and the missing V2I contacts. Simulation results show that when nine out of the 40 possible RSU locations are allocated in the first two rings of Beijing City, a 95% daily average V2I contacts is attained, thereby making information dissemination feasible. ConsWMA also provides at least 11% more V2I contacts when compared to two other deployment methods.


Cirrhosis of the liver has been linked to several changes in risk of cerebrovascular disease and may increase the risk of hemorrhage while reducing the risk of ischemic stroke.1,2 The pathophysiology underlying these changes remains unclear, though intracranial hemorrhage and vascular malformations related to liver disease have been described.1,3 Cirrhosis may be complicated by hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), in which distal pulmonary arteries dilate, become tortuous, produce shunt physiology, and often produce arteriovenous (AV) malformations.4


The types and sources of waste fibre reinforced plastics(WFRP) were introduced.The research progress in resource recovery of WFRP at home and abroad were reviewed including pyrolysis,hydrolysis,alcohol solution,depolymerization at atmospheric pressure,grinding recycling,energy recycling and using as raw material of cement and reductant of blast furnace ironmaking.The problems and countermeasures in domestic research of resource recovery of WFRP were investigated and the direction of future resesrch was proposed.


Dr. Hancock Is Professor of (Cardiovascular) Medicine Emeritus, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. A 77-year-old woman had been in the hospital for a week for the treatment of acute pulmonary edema associated with atrial fibrillation and a rapid ventricular rate. Her history included mild rheumatic mitral valve disease, frequent premature atrial beats, and frequent episodes of atrial flutter and fibrillation. She had hypertension and elevated serum lipid levels and had had multiple small strokes and mastectomy for breast cancer. The patient showed rapid improvement after treatment with digoxin, diuretics, potassium, warfarin, and simvastatin. In addition, amiodarone (300 mg tid) was begun to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. The ECG recorded on the seventh hospital day, when she was noted to have a slow pulse, is shown.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of salviam miltiorrhiza combined with Bugu capsules in the treatment of osteoporosis or bone loss in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients after long-term administration of glucocorticoid.Methods Nity SLE cases were divided into randomly.treatment group consisted of 45 cases and treated with glucocorticoid and salviam miltiorrhiza combined with Bugu capsules and control group consisted of 45 cases and treated with glucocorticoid.All patients were evaluated by determination of bone mineral density(BMD)and related biochemical parameters such as serum calcium,serum P,serum ALP and serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)before and after treatment.Results The changes of concentrations of serum calcium,serum P,serum ALP and serum PTH before and treatment in treatment group were no significant(P0.05),while in the control group was significant(P0.01).Osteoporosis or bone loss rate in treatment group was significant lower than that of control group(P0.01).Conclusion Salviam miltiorrhiza combined with Bugu capsules is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone loss in SLE patients.The mechanism may involve the regulation of expression of serum calcium and serum PTH and also improve the bone marrow microenvironment.


A 3-year-old boy presented with a pruritic perianal rash, rectal pain, and constipation of 3 weeks' duration. The child had initially been treated for pinworms by one of his caregivers.


The dynamic on-resistance (<italic><sc>r</sc></italic><sc>ON</sc>) of two mainstream 600 V/650 V <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate power high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Ohmic- and Schottky-type <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate contacts are characterized under the hard-switching condition and show strong dependences on the gate driving conditions under both double-pulse and multipulse testing modes. The statistical measurement of multiple samples indicates this is a representative phenomenon in these two types of commercial <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate power HEMTs. For Ohmic-type <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate HEMT, gate injection current (<italic>I</italic>G) at the <sc>on</sc> state from the <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate facilitates a faster detrapping process and contributes to a smaller dynamic <italic><sc>r</sc></italic><sc>ON</sc>. For Schottky-type <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate HEMT, the dynamic <italic><sc>r</sc></italic><sc>ON</sc> shows a strong dependence on the gate overdrive voltage (<italic>V</italic>GS) because the higher <italic>V</italic>GS can compensate the increase in dynamic <italic><sc>r</sc></italic><sc>ON</sc> induced by the positively shifted <italic>V</italic>TH under high drain bias. A larger <italic>I</italic>G (from 1.2 to 22 mA) and higher <italic>V</italic>GS (from 5 to 7 V) play the most important role in suppressing the dynamic <italic><sc>r</sc></italic><sc>ON</sc> under high switching frequency and high drain bias condition (i.e., 400 kHz/400 V), where the reduction of dynamic <italic><sc>r</sc></italic><sc>ON</sc> is 13.6% and 17.1% for Ohmic-type and Schottky-type <italic>p</italic>-GaN gate HEMTs, respectively.


The reactions induced by circularly polarized light are reviewed and a general discussion of the induction of optical activity by circularly polarized light is presented. It is concluded that three different mechanisms, or their combinations, can cause asymmetric induction. In each case the optical yield is dependent on the optical anisotropy factor g, the ratio between the circular dichroism (Δϵ) and the extinction coefficient (ϵ). The results are discussed in terms of the presumed mechanisms, and particular attention is paid to the asymmetric synthesis of helicenes. It is concluded that this kind of photochemistry may have analytical importance.


The manipulator used for steam generator repairing is hard to take place in the maintenance work.This manipulator has six joints totally,designing to control the electromotor of each joint according to six sets of independence controllers of the TMS320 LF2407,six controllers and the supervision system make use of CAN to constitute LAN,using Visual C++ to realize the control and surveillance.It obtaines good result in the actual application.


Honors thesis written by a student in the UNT Honors College discussing the links between playwrights David Mamet and William Shakespeare by comparing Glengarry Glen Ross and Hamlet.


Many powdery mildew resistant genes and defensive genes were cloned in barley and Arabidopsis. More research focused on the molecular biology of plant-powdery mildew interection, which offered a clue to other plants. In this review, advances on this aspect were summarized and application in disease resistant breeding was discussed.


Microbiology/antibiotic use, we developeddifferent teaching activities, with 6 th and 9 th grade students. To assessthe impact of these activ ities and student learning, we applied a pre-validated questionnaire before and af ter completion of the activities (pre- and post-test). We observed that most student s had preconceived ideas that antibiotics were effective against viruses, however , after the implemented activities, the performance of students in the post-test improv ed significantly for both student grades. Regarding the use of antibiotics in specifi c diseases, students showed lack of knowledge concerning the treatment of cold, flu and tuberculosis, with some improvement in the post-test. Concerning antibiotic use, the initial knowledge of the 9 th grade students was better than the 6 th grade, nevertheless the highest improvement in knowledge was observed for the 6 th grade students. Our results support the use of teaching activities on Microbiology/antibiotic use that promote the development of critical thinking, analyze and solve problems. Our results support the need to educate students/commun ities on the proper use of antibiotics.


ABSTRACT This study explores the experiences of African immigrants' religious place making and its relationship to health and well-being. Attention is paid to how religious places are seen as therapeutic and their impact on well-being of Ghanaian and Somali immigrants in Hamilton, Ontario. Our analysis of the interviews, emerging from the therapeutic landscape lens underscores the importance of immigrants' religious places and activities in shaping health in their new destination. The results indicate that places of worship are significant for physical health, social, emotional, spiritual, mental and general quality of life amongst immigrants. Future research employing the therapeutic landscape theory may explore the links between health and place in specific religious places and activities.


The study is conducted to find out the impact of the countryand corporate-level governance and firm internationalization on stock liquidity of 120 listed firms in Japan, Hong Kong, Pakistan, and India. Panel data is used in the current study. The annual time span covered in the current study is 10 years. The current study explores results based on secondary data. The findings of the 'robust panel corrected standard error' estimator shows that the internationalization strategy of firms positively influences the stock liquidity. The internationalization strategy of multinational corporations proves to be an effective methodology for improving stock liquidity in the home market as well as abroad. The study also shows that a stronger relationship exists between stock liquidity and internationalization in those countries where the regulatory settings are effective, the judiciary system is efficient and shareholders' rights are protected. Corporate governance and stock liquidity are negatively associated. The study also finds a negative relationship between country-level governance mechanisms and stock liquidity. Whereas the 'robust panel corrected error' estimator shows a positive association between corporate governance mechanisms and firm internationalization. The study depicts that effective corporate governance motivates multinational companies to expand their business abroad.


Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to establish if mental health workers (nurses, doctors, clinical psychologists) in Slovene psychiatric settings perceive their work as potentially dangerous and which factors contribute mostly to these mindsets. On the basis of gained data recommendations for safety improvement are suggested. Design/Methods/Approach: Review of three studies conducted in different psychiatric settings in Slovenia. Findings: Just a few mental health workers perceive their work as dangerous. Among those that are most frequently victims of violent behaviour are male and female nurses, especially under circumstances of involuntary admission, involuntary pharmacological treatment and when special security measures are applied. Participants think that workers would need more self defence trainings, additional competent medical staff (foremost male nurses), communication trainings and better cooperation in their working teams. Moreover, those hurt in such incidents should get more systematic help. Sometimes security personnel also intervene, however, they are not qualified for such interventions and special trainings should be provided. Research limitations/implications: Our findings have a limited value because the studies have been performed in the course of different years, different questionnaires were applied and participants also differed (their profession, working tasks, demographic data etc.). Practical implications: Our findings can be used by psychiatric hospital management to plan trainings for mental health workers and organize them according to personnel's necessities. Results also imply the necessity to train security personnel. Originality/Value: In the past merely analyses of incident reports were made on this topic. However, this paper sheds some light on perceptions and experiences of mental health workers directly exposed to patients' violent behaviour.


Macromolecules in biominerals of aquatic animals and plants play important roles in the regulation of mineralization. In the past several years, most macromolecules including proteins and polysaccharides have been characterized mainly by their amino acid sequences and chemical structures, respectively. Molecular biological techniques have been useful not only for determination of the entire amino acid sequences but also for analysis of spatiotemporal expression of their genes. Immunohistochemistry has clarified distribution of matrix proteins. The in vitro anti-calcification assay permitted us to purify minor organic components from biominerals such as crayfish exoskeleton and coccolith of marine unicellular algae. Matrix proteins thus far identified have characteristic structural features. They do not have sequence homology to one another except for a few proteins that originate from taxonomically close species. Many matrix proteins carry repeats with varying sequences and peptide lengths. Based on these findings, matrix proteins are not likely to have divergently evolved from an ancestral protein. Development of assay methods for the functions of matrix proteins is urgently needed. Protein chemistry including synthesis of proteins and peptides, structurefunction relationship studies and three-dimensional structure analysis will also contribute to clarification of the mechanism of biomineralization.


1 log 2 n o n -t2 leaves. This improves upon the bound implied by a more general result on spanning trees in graphs with minimum degree 5, which gives (1 O(loglogn)/log 2 n)n as a lower bound on the maximum number of leaves in spanning trees of n-vertex hypercubes. (~) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. K e y w o r d s H y p e r c u b e , Maximum leaf spanning tree, Dominating set. 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N Given an undirected graph, G(V, E), the problem of finding a spanning tree, T, of G with the max imum number of leaves is N P h a r d [1]. Although approximation algorithms tha t can find solutions within a constant factor of an optimal one have been discovered [2-4], it is known tha t the problem does not admit a polynomial t ime approximation scheme unless P = N P [5]. Klei tman and West [6] have shown tha t any n-vertex graph with minimum vertex degree 5, has a spanning tree containing at least (1 O(logS/5))n leaves. In general, the bounds proved in [6] are applicable only in the case tha t the value 5 is sufficiently large, however, for the d-dimensional hypercube on n = 2 4 vertices, in which all vertices have degree d, these results give a lower bound of (1 O(log d/d)n on the maximum number of leaves of a spanning tree. In this paper, we obtain an improvement of the Klei tman and West lower bound for the special case of hypercube graphs, which demonstra tes tha t such graphs have spanning trees with at least (1 2/d o(1/d))n + 2 leaves. 0893-9659/01/$ see front matter (~) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Typeset by A h~-TEX PII: S0893-9659(01)00047-7 802 W. DUCKWORTH et al. 2 . P R E L I M I N A R I E S If v and w are d-bit b inary strings, the Hamming distance, H(v ,w) , is the number of bit posi t ions in which v and w differ. The d-dimensional hypercube, Qd, is an undirected graph on n = 2 ~ vertices. Each ver tex is uniquely identified by the d-bit b inary expansion of some integer v E {0, 1 , . . . , n 1}. An edge connects two vertices v and w if H(v, w) = 1. A dominating set of a graph, G(V, E), is a subset U of V such tha t every vertex v c V either belongs to U itself or is adjacent to a vertex in U. The following is well known from the theory of error-correct ing codes (see, for example, [7,8]). LEMMA 1. For d = 2 k 1, the d-dimensional hypercube, Qd, has a dominating set containing exactly 2d / ( d + 1) vertices. COROLLARY 1. Let d = 2 k I and Cd = { e l , c 2 , . . . ,cs} be a dominating set in Qd where s = 2d/(d+ 1). (a) H(ci, cj) > 3 for all i # j. (b) The subgraph of Qd with edges U~=I {(ci,v) : Yv such tha t H(ci,v) = 1} is a spanning forest Of Qd comprising exactly 2d/(d + 1) trees each with d leaves. PROOF. (a) Let Ni = {v : H(c~, v) < 1}. Since Cd is a dominat ing set, the number of vertices in the set [-J~=l N~ must be at least 2 d. For each i, ]Ni] = d + 1, i.e., the vertex c~ and its d neighbours, and so since s = 2d/(d + 1) and Cd is a dominat ing set in Qd, it follows tha t the Ni sets are disjoint. Thus, it cannot be the case tha t c~ and cj are adjacent (H(ci,cj) = 1) or t h a t they have a common neighbour (H(c~, cj) = 2). Hence, for all 1 < i < j < s, we have H(ci, cj) > 3 as claimed. Then (b) is immediate from (a). | LEMMA 2. Let d = 2 k 1 and Cd = { c l , c 2 , . . . ,cs} be a dominating set of size s = 2k/(k + 1) in Qd. The subgraph Gd Of Qd formed by deleting the vertices in Cd and their incident edges is a connected graph. PROOF. I t is sufficient to show tha t if u and w are two vertices not belonging to the set Cd, then there is a pa th between them tha t does not contain any vertex in Cd. Consider any vertices u and w of Qd. Since Qd is connected, there is certainly a pa th between u and w in Qd. Let this be P(u, w) and wi thout loss of generality, suppose tha t it contains the vertex 0 and tha t 0 E Cd. Let (ino, 0) and (0, o u t 0 ) b e the two edges incident to 0 in P(u, w). It must be the case t h a t in0 = 2 i and out0 = 2 j, both of which are adjacent to the vertex mid0 = 2 i + 2 j in Qd. From Corol lary l (a) , mido ~ Cd since 0 E Cd and H(0, mid0) = 2. So the pa th P(u, w) can be amended by replacing the edges (in0, 0) and (0, out0) by the edges (in0, mid0) and (mid0, out0). A n y remaining vertices on the new pa th which belong to Cd can be dealt with in a similar manner . I t follows tha t we can form a pa th between any two vertices tha t are not in Cd without using any ver tex in C d. | 3 . C O N S T R U C T I N G L E A F Y S P A N N I N G T R E E S O F H Y P E R C U B E S Let n = 2 d and L(n) denote the max imum number of leaves in a spanning tree of Qd. THEOREM 1. For aI1 n = 2 d, n + 2 . L(n) > 1 log 2n n °.5log 2n PROOF. Let r be any integer such tha t r < d and r = 2 k 1 for some k > 1. Consider par t i t ioning Qd into 2 d r disjoint copies of Qr. We denote these copies by Bi where 0 < i < 2 d r Leafy Spanning Trees 803 so tha t the d-bit label of a vertex assigned to Bi has the form wbi where w is an r-bi t binary string and bi the (d r)-bi t binary representation of i. Let {cl, c2 , . . . , c~} be a dominat ing set of size s = 2~/(r + 1) in Q~. Consider the subset Di = {Clbi, c2bi, c3bi,..., csbi} of the vertices in the r-dimensional hypercube Bi. From Corollary l(b) , each Bi contains a spanning forest having exactly 2~/(r + 1) trees, each with exactly r leaves, and the nonleaf vertices in the forest spanning Bi are the vertices in Di. Taking all of these components together gives a spanning forest of Qd containing exactly 2 d-~ 2~/(r + 1) = 2d/(r + 1) components each having exactly r leaves. Now consider the 2~/(r + 1) subsets, Fi, of the vertices of Qd, 2 r F~ = {c~v:0 < v < 2 d-~} 1 < i < -


An experimental study on the bond behaviors between corroded steel bars and concrete was carried out.The parameters investigated include corrosion ratio of steel bar and water-cement ratio.The specimen was cast as concrete cube with dimension of 100mm,and a steel bar was centrally cast into it.These specimens were partial immerged in chloride solution and the electrolytic method was used to accelerate the corrosion of steel bar.Then the pullout tests were conducted to determine the bond strength versus slip of steel bar.It is proved that the severe corrosion of steel bar may lead to the splitting cracks of concrete and influence the failure mode of specimen.The bond splitting is typically a failure mode for pullout specimens.The bond strength between steel bar and concrete rises with the increase of concrete strength,but reduces with the increase of corrosion ratio of steel bar.


New family of extended Cauchy type identities is found and related Fermat type matrices are provided ready for applications in extended scope. This is achieved due to the use specifically non-commuting variables of extended finite operator calculus introduced by the author few years ago.


Restriction of dietary sulfur results in reduced renal SO4 excretion, a finding attributed to decreased sulfur amino acid oxidation and filtered load of SO4. We found serum [SO4] in C57B1/6J adult male mice fed a "low-protein" (LP) diet (8% casein; 0.2% Met., 0.03% Cys) and in those fed a "high-protein" (HP) diet (27% casein; 0.68% Met., 0.1% Cys) for two weeks was not different (1.24±0.11 mM (x±SEM, n=6) vs 1.34±0.11 (n=7)). Reduced fractional SO4 excretion index (FEI SO4) was found in the LP group (LP=0.11±0.04 vs HP=0.50±0.14, p <.01). Evidence for adapted renal reabsorption was confirmed by assaying Na+-dependent uptake of 50 μM SO4 into renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Na+-dependent uptakes of 5 μM glucose and 50 μM phosphate served as internal markers; initial rates (15s) were normalized to those at equilibrium (60 min.). SO4 uptake was higher (361±39% of equilib. value n=10) in LP BBMV vs HP BBMV (270±16% n=10, p=0.023). No differences were noted with D-glucose (709±47% vs 698±30% n=5) or phosphate (193±17% vs 191±11%, n=11). The response to selective deficiency of dietary SO4 was studied using soybean-based diets with 1% NaCl (diet 1); 0.5% DL-methionine and 0.5% taurine (diet 2); and 1% Na2SO4 (diet 3). FEISO4 was 0.09± 0.01, 0.39±0.09, and 0.56±0.08, respectively. Adaptation was significant only with diet 1 (p <0.01). These findings indicate renal adaptation in BBM to depletion of SO4 per se.


Conclusion 2D materials such as graphene [1], MoS2 [2] and phosphorene [3] are promising candidates for resonating mechanical sensors due to excellent tunable electrical/mechanical properties, low masses, and maximal surface to volume ratios. Mechanical resonators based on supsended graphene have been realized. • CVD graphene wet-transferred onto 10x10 mm Si/SiO2 chips with Au electrodes • Graphene patterned in O2 plasma with a resist mask • Graphene is released by etching SiO2 in BHF and critical point drying


Overview: The large trough in the Nili Fossae is interpreted to be a graben subsequently modified through sapping channels and mass wasting processes resulting in a floor much younger than the surrounding plains. The orientation of the trough and the sapping channels corresponds to the regional tectonic pattern, a set of fractures concentric and another set radial to the Isidis Basin. The tectonic pattern appears to be related to the Isidis Basin and ring tectonics provides a possible mechanism for the formation of this pattern[1].


This paper researched the propagation laws of blasting seismic wave under the action of damping ditch, with the help of blasting vibration test and wavelet transform method. Blasting seismic wave is short-time non-stationary random signal. According to the time-frequency characteristics and the multi-resolution decomposition of discrete wavelet transform, the time history signal of blasting vibration was expressed by different leave reconstruction signals. The results show that, using wavelet transform method can reflect the time-frequency domain properties better than the classical method in the analysis of blasting vibration; the damping ditch has different effects in different frequency components of the vibration signal. It provided the principles of weaken vibration and lower frequency.


Hot fuel handling problems of the motor car have engaged the automotive engineer and gasoline refiner since the 1930s. The subject has received considerable attention in the USA and interest in Europe has increased with the need to market cars world-wide. This paper discusses fuel and engine design features associated with the hot fuel handling performance of European cars and includes suggestions on test locations and procedures. Vehicle design features affecting hot fuel handling performance have changed significantly in recent years resulting in the need to improve vapour tolerance. Vehicle design features conducive to good hot fuel handling performance have therefore been enumerated, with particular emphasis being given to the design of mechanical fuel pumps, the component from which most benefits would be reaped by further development. In the future, there will be a need for still closer cooperation between the oil and motor industries to achieve optimum use of natural resources and to provide maximu...


Baz Luhrmann's latest movie amplifies to exasperation Fitzgerald's novel, in a triumph of saturated images, sparkling scenes, bombastic and overwhelming music. The representation of Jay Gatsby love obsession reaches so high-sounding tones to almost touch the tones of farce. The postmodern transposition of the novel highlights the game of gazes subtended to the narrative texture of the story and especially enhances the turning points of textual composition. Adopting the perspective suggested by the rhetoric of the gaze (Laura Mulvey) it is highlighted the metalinguistic and metatextual reflection through which this movie contributes to the critical interpretation of Fitzgerald's novel.


17/451 Apologies for Absence 17/452 Specific Declarations of Interest (Cllrs may make declarations pertaining to the agenda at this point or at any point during the meeting). 17/453 Approval of the minutes of the P&R committee meeting held on 5 th February 2018 17/454 Matters Arising – for information only. 17/455 To review & consider the options for all Council's Investments. 17/456 Review of Investment Policy 2017/18. 17/457 Review of S137 Grant Policy. 17/458 To consider/approve supply & installation costs 2 pairs of taps for changing rooms 17/459 To consider/approve cost of COSHH Assessment Training for staff. 17/460 To consider quotation received for tree from Barton Christmas Lights group. 17/461 Approve BRFC car park use 2017/18 payment arrangement 17/462 To consider BRFC proposal. 17/463 Review of Football Club/O2 Mast leases. 17/464 Any other business of an urgent nature for inclusion on next agenda for info Members: D. Gunter (Chair) L. Davison-Williams (Vice-Chair) B. Thomas G. Gardner J. Selley A. Watson J. Paxton


A process model based on animal-based ingredients' running procurement will help halal level examiners check halal implementation based on Halal Critical Control Points (HCCP). Process discovery is a study for automatically forming a process model based on a log of running processes. There are several algorithms of process discovery, such as Alpha++ and Alpha#. However, the procurement of animal-based ingredient processes has an invisible non-prime task that has not been discussed in the existing algorithms. This research proposes a graph-based process discovery algorithm to form a process model containing invisible non-prime tasks based on the procurement processes. The log of procurement processes is obtained by using a business process management application, i.e., ProcessMaker. This research evaluates the proposed graph-based algorithm by comparing it with Alpha++ and Alpha# based on fitness and precision. The evaluation verifies that the proposed graph-based algorithm has a better quality of the obtained process model than Alpha++ and Alpha#. The fitness and precision of the graph-based algorithm are 1 and 1. On the other hand, the precisions of Alpha++ and Alpha# are 0.43 and 0.43, respectively.


Skeletal trauma has been influencing the productive life of population, especially in more developed urban areas. During the past few years, most skeletal trauma registries throughout the world have been reporting an increase in incidence and a change in pattern of fractures (1, 2). The most prevalent cause of skeletal fracture in younger population is road traffic accident. Although the development of modern passenger restraint systems has led to decreased mortalities from cerebral and spine trauma, it may have indirectly been increasing the non-fatal patterns of skeletal fractures, which includes the fractures induced by the restraint system itself (3, 4). Older people have traditionally been suffering from low-energy traumas like falling. Modernization of the society, shifting age distribution of the population, changing life style, and alteration in the attitude and culture of different age groups have influenced the pattern of epidemiology of skeletal trauma.

With the increasing pace of modern life, high-energy traumas are seen more frequently and in the age groups that were traditionally not "high-energy type of people", e.g. children and the elderly. Women and children are more frequently participating high-energy athletic and recreational activities. One of the most pronounced alterations in fracture epidemiology has been seen in higher-aged females. The increase in the prevalence of fractures in elderly women, reported in some databases, is partly due to the increase in overall population age and partly because of the changes in the activity level of this age group -they may suffer from the fractures that were once specific to the younger population.

Apart from the high-energy accidents, the fractures caused by the most common metabolic disease of the bone, the osteoporosis, are rising and imposing an increasing burden on both the individual and society. A study by Cauley et al. (5) showed that the projected number of women who will experience a fracture in one year, exceeded the combined number of women who would experience invasive breast cancer or a broad category of cardiovascular events. Such a large increase in incidence and burden has been reported in some studies in our own country (6, 7). On the other hand, some studies show that the majority of orthopedic surgeons lack sufficient training in management of osteoporosis in our country (8).

Iran is a large country with an exceptional climatic, cultural and ethnic diversity. Knowledge of patterns of skeletal injuries and their epidemiology will undoubtedly improve prevention and care of such patients and plays a major role in decreasing burden on the growing economy. Such a goal will not be reachable except on a background of a nationwide orthopedic trauma registry system.


Intergeneric hybrids were obtained between Hordeum parodii Covas s.1. (6x) and three cultivars of triticale (×Triticosecale) at frequencies of 0.47 to 1.21% of pollinated florets. The triticale cultivars varied in their chromosome constitutions of the rye genome as well as the telomeric heterochromatin content of some of the rye chromosomes. The average chiasmata frequency per cell varied from 0.58 to 13.14 in different hybrid combinations. The differences in the chiasmata frequencies in the different hybrid combinations were attributed to a meiotic pairing control mechanism in H. parodii whose function was affected primarily by the rye chromosome constitutions of the triticale cultivars and to a lesser extent by the heterochromatin content of the rye chromosomes.Key words: hybrids (intergeneric), Hordeum, meiotic pairing control, chiasma.


Traditional fish graphics is one organic element in traditional Chinese art treasures.The application cases of traditional fish graphics in modern design have been analyzed from the perspective of application design,based on the induction of the predecessors' rich practical experience in design.Thus the inheritance methods of traditional fish graphics in modern design have been summarized combining the application law of national graphic elements in the design practice.


ABSTRACT: Writing an article can be a daunting thought but there are hints and tips that can help you produce a good piece of work. Mentors and peer reviewers will give valuable feedback to help you improve your manuscript. Academic writing is formal, structured and has a logical flow using signposting for the different sections. Referencing cites the sources of information that you have used to base your opinion and the VNJ uses the APA system. You will be paid £100 every time you are published.


Department of Agricultural Plants, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha and Alexandria University Environmental Biotechnology Dept., GEBRI, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications SRTA City. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha and Alexandria University * Corresponding author: e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received May 27, 2018, Accepted June 28, 2018 ABSTRACT


This paper examined three (3) different forecasting techniques in the modeling of twenty (20) years time series data of accident that occurred on Nigeria roads. Road accident, being a rare event is considered for this forecasting process using the techniques of Least Square, Quadratic and Single Exponential Smoothening. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Square Deviation (MSD) were adopted as the basis of comparison. Results revealed that the MAPE of 93.10, MAD of 672.55 and MSD of 912.82 attached to the Least Square Model is smaller than that of Quadratic and Exponential Smoothening techniques and hence adjudged the later to be the best model for the forecast.


Six serial segments, each 3-0 mm. in length, have been excised from the tip backwards along the maize root and groups of each fragment have been aerated in water and in solutions of sugars for varying times. The amounts of the complex of Orobanche and Striga germination stimulants which accumulate in the culture fluids have been assessed and compared with the amounts initially present in the tissue at the time of excision from the root. It is shown that with each fragment more of the complex appears externally when sugar is supplied, io-2 M. solutions of glucose, fructose, or sucrose promote an optimal effect. The amounts in the external solutions are inversely proportional to the initial contents of the segments. The first segment (0-3 mm.) contains the highest proportion of the complex initially, but when immersed in water or the sugar solution very little of it appears externally. The second segment (3-6 mm.) contains the least initial quantity of the complex but in water or sugar produces considerably more than any other segment and more than is originally present. As the series is traversed from segments 2 to 6, the segments have progressively larger initial contents than has segment 2, but after aeration in the sugar solutions the amounts accumulating externally are less than with segment 2 and decrease with their increasing distance from the root tip. The significance of these observations is discussed.


clearly established as a major risk factor for the disease. 2 In premenopausal women, obesity is associated with an increased frequency of anovulatory cycles and, as a result, the endometrium is exposed to oestrogen in the absence of progesterone. Among post-menopausal women, obesity is again associated with exposure to higher levels of endogenous oestrogen as a result of increased conversion of androstenedione to oestrone in adipose tissue and lower levels of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). In the absence of progesterone, unopposed oestrogen stimulates cellular proliferation in the endometrium leading to hyperplasia and, potentially, cancer. 3 It has been estimated that up to 40% of all endometrial cancers could be related to obesity, 2 a figure that is rising as the prevalence of obesity increases. 4 More than 1.1 billion adults worldwide are now classified as overweight according to the WHO criteria 5 [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m 2 ] and approximately one-third of middle-aged women in Europe and North America are classified as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ). 6 In the US, it is predicted that obesity will soon overtake smoking as the main preventable cause of illness and premature death. 6 Endometrial cancer is now the fourth most common cancer in women and the most common gynaecological cancer in Western countries. 7 Rates in the US were very high in the mid-1970s, owing to the common use of oestrogens for relief of menopausal symptoms, but they then fell dramatically in the late 1970s and 1980s with the recognition that unopposed oestrogen use increased endometrial cancer risk. 8 In contrast, in the UK, the incidence of endometrial cancer has remained fairly constant over the last 40–50 years. There is now a suggestion, however, that rates are starting to rise and one likely explanation for any such increase is the rise in prevalence of obesity. 4,7 Furthermore, given that endometrial cancer is predominantly a disease of older age whereas obesity is currently more common among middleaged women, 6,9 it is likely that the full effects of the obesity


Polyploidy breeding is the breeding of aquatic animals' economy an important aspect of this research at home and abroad are becoming increasingly extensive and in-depth,and achieved spectacular success.This paper introduces aquatic animals artificially induced triploid research and development process and methods,achievements,problems and future research directions.


Abstract : Sustained operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have created the perception among policy makers that a gap has formed between U.S. strategic requirements and the nation's capability to effectively meet the manpower demands of a "long war," renewing questions regarding the viability of an All-Volunteer Force (AVF). With combat operations straining the Army and Marine Corps and a perceived compromise on enlistment standards, some claim that the AVF is no longer sustainable and suggest that conscription would be a better alternative to the current military manpower policy. Proponents of a return to compulsory military service assert that a draft would create a force more representative of American society, would eliminate the growing civilian-military gap, and fix many social ills by creating a sense of civic duty and responsibility among the populace. This thesis will disprove the claims regarding the effectiveness of conscription as manpower policy by conducting a historical analysis of the drafts implemented during the American Revolution, the Civil War, World War I, World War II, and Vietnam.


In 2002, the Belgian Constitution explicitly a rmed the principle of equality between women and men by including a speci c provision in an amendment to Article 10. However, Belgium has long had experience of gender mainstreaming, having implemented legal measures to promote gender equality and equal opportunities at federal and regional level, in both the private and public sectors, since the 1980s. Belgium's track record in gender equality is also inspired by the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995. After adopting a law to monitor the application of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPfA) in 1996 and piloting projects in all federal ministries, the overall legal framework for gender mainstreaming at federal level was established in 2007 through a Gender Mainstreaming Law. This law was designed to structurally integrate a gender dimension into all federal policy.


This paper compares possible uses of self-designating terms among similar types of fictional characters in works included in a shōjo manga corpus. The use of first-person terms by similar types of fictional characters is viewed with regard to the role of an individual character in a given narrative and the categorization of a singular use of self-reference terms as a yakuwarigo type/sub-type. The data suggest that the overall variety in the use of individual first-person expressions in shōjo manga is relatively low – the most frequently used expressions were watashi and atashi – and the utilization of role language to signal a specific character type was, in fact, very limited. However, the use of watashi by the shōjo manga protagonists corresponds to Shibamoto-Smith's (2004) findings regarding the first-person use by romance heroines. The frequent use of uchi by certain characters should not be classified as yakuwarigo but rather implies a very casual speech act performed by a character who can be perceived as active, lively and vigorous.


The diagnosis of lower-limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT) still poses a daily challenge to health care professionals. Only about 10% to 25% of patients with clinically suspected DVT have DVT confirmed by objective tests (1). If DVT is left untreated, the resulting mortality rate due to pulmonary embolism may exceed 20% (1), whereas a 6-month course of treatment with anticoagulants reduces the mortality rate to less than 1% but carries a 3% to 4% risk for major bleeding (2). Thus, diagnostic strategies to exclude DVT should be accurate, simple to apply to many patients, and cost-effective (3). The article by Stevens and colleagues in this issue (4) describes the results of a diagnostic strategy that may fulfill this purpose. To set the stage for explaining the contribution of this article, we first describe the evolution of recent approaches to diagnosing DVT. Ultrasonography limited to the common femoral and popliteal veins, using compressibility of the vein as the sole criterion for abnormality, has been the gold standard for diagnosis of symptomatic DVT (5). This so-called limited compression ultrasonography (also known as two-level because it evaluates the thigh and popliteal veins) has nearly 100% sensitivity and specificity for proximal DVT as measured by contrast venography (6). However, it is not enough to exclude proximal DVT at one point in time, since calf venous thrombosis may eventually propagate into the popliteal and femoral veins in about one third of cases (7). Unfortunately, the accuracy of compression ultrasonography is much lower for isolated calf DVT (6). To increase diagnostic confidence, many centers repeat the limited, two-level compression ultrasonography. The incidence of subsequent venous thromboembolism during 6 months of follow-up without anticoagulation (the failure rate) was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3% to 1.2%) in patients who had normal results on 2 limited compression ultrasonography examinations performed 1 week apart (8). Although the repeated testing strategy is safe, the yield of the second ultrasonography examination is low; only 2% of patients with previously normal results have abnormal results on repeated compression ultrasonography of the femoral and popliteal veins (8). Consequently, different prospective studies have combined compression ultrasonography of the femoral and popliteal veins with additional procedures in an attempt to enhance its efficiency, particularly in ruling out DVT. These procedures include assessment of pretest clinical probability (9), d-dimer testing (10), a combination of these 2 tests (11), and even venography in selected patients (12). The resulting combined diagnostic strategies proved to be very safe, but their efficiency and cost-effectiveness depended on the number of additional tests required to reliably establish or exclude a diagnosis of DVT (13). Some authors have further investigated the safety of basing the anticoagulation decision on the results of a single, complete examination with compression ultrasonography, starting from the common femoral vein in the groin and extending all the way down to the ankle, including the entire set of deep calf veins (so-called comprehensive compression ultrasonography) (14, 15). The failure rate of a single, normal comprehensive examination with compression ultrasonography in excluding DVT was as low as 0.3% to 0.5% during 3 months of follow-up, while the rate of technically inadequate tests was approximately 1% (14, 15). In this issue, Stevens and colleagues (4) report on a large, well-performed prospective study that investigated the safety of withholding anticoagulation in patients with suspected symptomatic DVT of the legs after normal results on a single examination with comprehensive compression ultrasonography. The study methods were optimal, with blind assessment of the test results, independent adjudication of outcomes, and complete follow-up. During the 3-month follow-up, 3 of 375 patients in whom DVT was initially excluded by comprehensive compression ultrasonography developed symptomatic venous thromboembolism (failure rate, 0.80% [CI, 0.16% to 2.33%]). This rate compares favorably with that of the previous studies (14, 15). As the best-performed study to date, Stevens and colleagues' study strongly confirms the value of this approach as a good alternative to other established strategies aimed at excluding DVT, including serial compression ultrasonography and compression ultrasonography combined with assessment of pretest clinical probability or d-dimer testing (8-10). The following question now arises: What is the appropriate place of compression ultrasonography in today's diagnostic armamentarium for patients presenting with clinically suspected DVT? Although a single comprehensive examination with compression ultrasonography is appealing, and awaited by many, we must realize that it may have some potential disadvantages. First, there is a risk for overdiagnosing DVT, which would lead to the associated extra costs and bleeding complications of anticoagulant therapy. The proportion of isolated calf DVT in Stevens and colleagues' study, as well as in previous studies of comprehensive compression ultrasonography, is at least twice as high as in earlier studies using contrast venography in consecutive patients with symptomatic DVT (31% to 45% vs. 12%, respectively) (14-16). These extra detected and treated cases of DVT may include both true-positive small calf thrombi that may otherwise have resolved spontaneously and false-positive ultrasonography results that are more common because of the lower specificity of compression ultrasonography in assessing calf veins (6). Isolated calf thrombi pose a therapeutic dilemma: whether to start anticoagulation or to continue it in patients who are already anticoagulated. This dilemma is especially vexing because so little evidence exists to inform the decision. Second, the good results reported by Stevens and colleagues and in the previous comprehensive studies were obtained by very experienced assessors using high-quality ultrasound equipment. When less experienced personnel perform compression ultrasonography, it could be less accurate. Stevens and colleagues' study adds credible results to the growing body of evidence about excluding symptomatic DVT by normal results on a single ankle-to-groin comprehensive examination with compression ultrasonography. This method has the potential to obviate the need for repeated testing and will be more convenient for patients, although the examination may take up to 30 minutes. Using comprehensive compression ultrasonography in conjunction with pretest clinical probability or d-dimer testing would probably further improve the cost-effectiveness of this novel diagnostic approach, but this conjecture will require testing in clinical trials.


The precipitation elasticity of runoff, defined as the percentage change in mean annual runoff for a given percentage change in mean annual precipitation, has been widely used as a simple rule of thumb for estimating runoff sensitivity to changes in precipitation. Most applications assume the same runoff sensitivity for both an increase and a decrease in precipitation. This study examines this assumption using long historical annual precipitation and streamflow data from 353 watersheds across the United States. The results show that the assumption is acceptable in humid and subhumid regions (aridity index less than 1.0). However, in arid and semiarid regions (aridity index greater than 1.0), the sensitivity of runoff to precipitation is greater for a decrease in precipitation than for an increase in precipitation. Therefore, the use of precipitation elasticity of runoff estimated using the entire data set in semiarid and arid regions will result in an overestimation of runoff increase from precipitation increase and an underestimation of runoff decrease from a decrease in precipitation. These findings suggest that multiple precipitation elasticities of runoff may be needed to estimate nonlinear responses of streamflow to precipitation change in a changing climate, especially for persistent increase and decrease in precipitation.


Recent developments in leukocyte reduction (LR) filtration technology are reviewed. Maturing over the past decade, these filter devices are very effective, easy, and safe to use. Their market availability has generated new questions, such issues as appropriate quality control techniques, optimal timing, and location of filtration. Although guidelines for use or recommendations for specific clinical indications remain incompletely resolved, some promising applications [eg, delay/prevention of white blood cell (WBC) alloimmunization and platelet refractoriness or cytomegalovirus "safe" components] are being investigated by multicenter trials. LR filtration would logically benefit patients who require prolonged or chronic transfusion support and those with recurrent febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions associated with WBC alloimmunization. At this time, LR filtration is recommended neither for all blood recipients nor to prevent transfusion-associated (TA) graft-versus-host disease or TA immunomodulation.


This study was undertaken to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two vaccines based on the attenuated Oka-strain of Varicella zoster virus (VZV), in adolescents and young adults. One hundred and eighty-six subjects, aged 13 to 29 years, were randomized to one of two groups to receive a one- or a two-dose VZV vaccine. Pre- and post-vaccination blood samples were assayed for VZV-specific IgG. Solicited local and general symptoms, as well as unsolicited symptoms, were recorded post-vaccination. Seroconversion rates were 94.9% in the one-dose, and 100% in the two-dose, regimen. The two-dose vaccine elicited significantly higher geometric mean antibody titer, 392.5 vs 86.8 pfu. Transient local injection site pain was the most frequently-reported symptom per dose in both groups (one dose: 48.9%; two-dose: 32.8%). The two-dose vaccine regimen afforded the advantage of higher antibody titers and potential increased protection from disease, without significantly increased reactogenicity.


In order to use the Hess Structural Model to predict the need for certain cueing systems, George and Cardullo significantly expanded it by adding motion feedback to the model and incorporating models of the motion system dynamics, motion cueing algorithm and a vestibular system. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate effectiveness of these innovations by performing a comparison analysis of the model performance with and without the expanded motion feedback. The proposed methodology is composed of two stages. The first stage involves fine-tuning parameters of the original Hess structural model in order to match the actual control behavior recorded during the experiments at NASA Visual Motion Simulator (VMS) facility. The parameter tuning procedure utilizes a new automated parameter identification technique, which was developed at the Man-Machine Systems Lab at SUNY Binghamton. In the second stage of the proposed methodology, an expanded motion feedback is added to the structural model. The resulting performance of the model is then compared to that of the original one. As proposed by Hess, metrics to evaluate the performance of the models include comparison against the crossover models standards imposed on the crossover frequency and phase margin of the overall man-machine system. Preliminary results indicate the advantage of having the model of the motion system and motion cueing incorporated into the model of the human operator. It is also demonstrated that the crossover frequency and the phase margin of the expanded model are well within the limits imposed by the crossover model.


A peer training model is presented to illustrate how a campus can involve its students, faculty, and administrators in effective prejudice-reducing strategies.


John Brown, M.D. (1810-1882), remarkable for his close and accurate clinical observations, was the author of a three-volume collection of essays entitled Horae Subsecivae (i.e."leisure hours"). Many consider these essays to be among the greatest of humanistic essays on medicine published during the 19th century.
 Brown in his warning below stressed the terrible consequences of dosing children with laudanum.
 There is another practice which I must notice, and that is giving children laudanum to make them sleep, and keep them quiet, and for coughs and windy pains. Now, this is a most dangerous thing. I have often been called in to see children who were dying, and who did die, from laudanum given in this way. I have known four drops kill a child a month old; and ten drops one a year old. The best rule, and one you should stick to, as under God's eye as well as the law's, is never to give laudanum without a doctor's line or order. (Brown was directing his comments to parents).


An analytical subthreshold current model is proposed for a short-channel symmetrical double gate-all-around (DGAA) field-effect-transistor. Pao-Sah's double integral method is used to formulate the subthreshold current in device. The Boltzmann relationship is utilized to calculate the inversion charge concentration Q. The present model incorporates the effects of gate length variation, Si film thickness variation, oxide thickness variation and core channel thickness variation. The proposed model is validated by comparing the model results with 3D device simulator results.


Background. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is prevalent worldwide. It is expected that AD, for which aging is a risk factor, will increase in the future. Because early detection of AD has become increasingly important, promoting demand for screening tests with adequate sensitivity. In this study, we examined the usefulness of the Takeda Three Colors Combination Test (TTCC) for screening of the very mild AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods. 154 senior persons participated in the research: 55 with very mild AD, 45 with aMCI, and 54 control group. The TTCC, which was a colored cards configuration memory task, was examined for sensitivity and specificity. Results. The sensitivity of the TTCC was 76% and 47% for the very mild AD and aMCI groups, and the specificity was 83%. Conducting TTCC (including instruction and evaluation) was accomplished within 2 minutes for all subjects. Conclusion. The TTCC is useful screening test for early detection of AD. Furthermore, administration time is short and requires no special training or skills. Thus, we believe the TTCC shows great potential for use as an AD screening test by a general practitioner in communities worldwide.


The utility model relates to a fixing structure of a loudspeaker, which is used for fixing a loudspeaker to a shell of an electronic device, and comprises a first locking part, a second locking part and a limit part, wherein, the first locking part is arranged at the side edge of the loudspeaker; the second locking part corresponds to the first locking part and is arranged on the shell in a projection way, and the limit part is arranged on the shell and is used for restricting the up-shift of the loudspeaker; the first locking part is locked by the second locking part, so as to position the loudspeaker to the shell, and the limit part holds the side edges of the loudspeaker, so that the loudspeaker is fixed on the shell, and the loudspeaker can be assembled and disassembled without a screw and a tool, thereby being convenient to be disassembled and assembled.