To investigate how people build up shared knowledge for coordination in communication we developed a flexible experimental setting, the Jigsaw Map Game, permitting to examine interactive language processing in natural face-to-face dialogs. We report an experiment on the coordination of object naming. Results show that people easily coordinate on common names especially when referring to objects as indirect reference objects and that nearly know explicit negotiations concerning names occur. We conclude that the setting has proved its applicability and that lexical coordination is achieved in an automatic and resource-sensitive way as proposed by Pickering & Garrod (2004) within their lignment approach.


Although fruits and vegetables, sources of carotenoids, are widely available in Brazil, hypovitaminosis A constitutes a serious public health problem. There is lack of information available to the population about the dietary sources of carotenoids and factors affecting their bioavailability. The carotenoids also known as bioactive compounds have been associated with the reduction of the risk for degenerative diseases, such as cancer (modulators of immunological responses), cardiovascular diseases, macular degeneration and cataract. In Brazil the utilization of buriti fruit is not widespread; it is consumed only by the local population of some parts of the North and Central regions. Among those foods, out the foods of buritizeiro, the buriti has the highest content of β-carotene among the numerous foods already analyzed, as well as a source of oleic fatty acid, similar to olive oil. The buriti fruit provides the needs of DRI's (Dietary Reference Intake) of vitamin A for adult, being a good source of nutrition, knowing the variety of foods that composes a balanced diet. Also, the buriti fruit is a natural source of β-carotene (provitamin A). Also, it has antioxidant power by having carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C compared to other vegetables, can be considered a functional food.


Composite is a material that is formed from a combination of two or more forming materials through an inhomogeneous mixing consisting of two parts, namely the matrix as a composite binder or protector and the filler as a composite filler. Pandan sea leaf ( Pandanus tectorius ) is one alternative natural material that can be used as a filler in making composites because it has a high cellulose content and has strong fiber properties. The purpose of this research was to describe the process of making composites with natural fiber fillers and characteristics of composites produced. Making composites through 4 steps, namely making sea pandanus leaf powder, making cellulose fraction, making polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste matrix, and making composite. Based on the results of the composite characterization research includes water content from 2.46% to 3.51%, density from 0.49 g/cm 3 to 0.52 g/cm 3 , porosity from 10.02% to 24.06%, and absorption water that is 24.88% to 46.51%. The type of MPA 1 (30% filler cellulose sea pandanus leaves: 70% polyethylene terephthalate pellet matrix) had a moisture content that complies with SNI 01-4449-2006 that is 2.46%, the corresponding density value SNI 03-2105-2006 is 0.52 g/cm 3 , the porosity value that is in line with SNI 03-2105-2006 is 10.02%, and the absorption according to JIS A5905-2003 standard is 24.88%.


Morphology of organic π-conjugated microcrystals (MCs) controls the direction of light-guided, emission intensity, lasing threshold, and optical losses in the organic π-conjugated MCs. Control over...


A far-field target strength(TS) predicting method of surface ship based on planar elements theory is proposed. First, the equivalent 3D models of the underwater hull and appendages are prepared according to the designed form, and then partitioned to mesh by using planar element theory, then the numerical models of the surface scattering and secondary scattering between appendages are established, and the scattering signal of each planar element is described as a transfer function including amplitude, phase and time delay; finally the far-field TS of surface ship in wave level and its distribution characteristics are achieved by inverse Fourier transforming the plus of the transfer function of each planar element. The availability of the present method is verified via comparing TS of surface ship in different incident directions. As a result, a reliable predicting method for optimizing and controlling the TS of surface ship and for analyzing the operational efficiency of underwater acoustic countermeasure of surface ship is provided.


Many different forms of control systems exist, some being humanengineered artifacts, but many are natural systems. This report focuses on the control of a single variable in a plant (system) that can be represented in terms of linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). ODEs can describe the behavior of lumped constant components. In Newtonian mechanics these consist of springs, masses, and friction; in electrical circuits they are resistors, capacitors and inductors, and there are counterparts in other domains such as Thermodymanics, Chemistry and Biology. The purpose of any control system is to evoke a predictable response of a controlled variable to a reference input variable. In many cases the goal is a linear response, which is what we will be considering here. Most plants do not behave linearly. For example, the force needed to stand a ladder upright is large to start with but decreases to zero as the (controlled) angle approaches vertical. Moreover, there are often disturbing influences affecting the controlled variable. An example of this would be the effect of varying wind velocity on the speed of a bicycle. Feedback is widely used to linearize the response of a controlled variable to a reference input. If you can measure the difference between the reference input and the controlled variable to obtain an error, you can apply a correction in opposition to the error (in the jargon, apply negative feedback) to reduce it. You might think that the more vigorously you oppose it (increase the control gain), the smaller the residual error should be. Conversely, positive feedback seems like it should increase the error. These intuitions are correct up to a point. But a more accurate understanding of feedback relies on (a relatively simple) mathematical model, which however yields some non-intuitive results that are borne out in practice. This report will present a simple static model and its behavior, then will generalize it to the lumped constant dynamic case of a single-inputsingle-output (SISO) plant with linear time invariant (LTI) components. In particular, feedback stability will be treated.


From Raman spectra, the C=O frequencies of 4-substituted benzaldehydes were found to correlate with the values of the 4-x atom or group as well as the acceptor number (AN) values of solvents. In various solvents, the C=O frequency of benzaldehyde decreased upon the increase of benzaldehyde concentration. This shift was mainly due to the hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygen and/or aldehydic proton of benzaldehyde and the solvent molecules. Over the 1-80 volume % change, the C=O frequency of benzaldehyde down shifted from 1709.4 to 1700.2 in CCl4 solution and from 1703.0 to 1698.0 in solution. This is due to the fact that hydrogen bonding between the benzaldehyde and C2H5OH was much stronger than that between the benzaldehyde and the other solvents.


OBJECTIVE
To present a case of prostate cancer of long evolution and follow up time, in the one which has been evidenced the appearance of skin metastases at hypogastrium level, inferior extremities root and inguinal zone.

METHODS
Patient diagnosed of prostate cancer, treated with radical prostatectomy and followed in conferences during ten years by the neoplasica disease.

RESULTS
Appearance of skin metastases of a prostate cancer, after ten years of a radical surgery, in the one which the pathological anatomy demonstrated the local infiltration at seminal bladders level.

CONCLUSIONS
The skin metastases of a prostate cancer are extremely uncommon, appearing in most of the occasions in process of very long evolution and in those which the disease has not been able be controlled.


Calcium carbonate is an active component of the limestone. Calcium Carbonate Equivalent and the Effective Calcium Carbonate Equivalent give a numeric to the effectiveness of different liming materials. The first method compares a particular quarry's stone with the neutralizing power of pure calcium carbonate [1]. In this paper, the process of mixing calcium hydroxide into deionized water and jet bubbling carbon dioxide gas reacting through the contained is used. Output reaction conversion on inputs: acidity, reaction time, stirring, pressure and temperature is interfaced creating a fuzzy interfacing model. Reaction conversion is implicated on inputs of acidity and reaction time for a temperature value keeping other variables constant and assuming homogeneous reaction throughout within reactor. Gas flow gauge is fall timely and considering parametric and variability change, this is depicted.


This work investigates the characteristics of the gas discharge system used to create an atmospheric pressure plasma flow. The plasma jet design with a cylindrical graphite cathode and an anode rod located on the axis of the system allows to realize regularly reproducible spark breakdowns mode with a frequency ∼ 5 kHz and a duration ∼ 40 μs. The device generates a cold atmospheric plasma flame with 1 cm in diameter in the flow of various plasma forming gases including nitrogen and air at about 100 mA average discharge current. In the described construction the cathode spots of individual spark channels randomly move along the inner surface of the graphite electrode creating the secondary plasma stream time-average distributed throughout the whole exit aperture area after the decay of numerous filamentary discharge channels. The results of the spectral diagnostics of plasma in the discharge gap and in the stream coming out of the source are presented. Despite the low temperature of atoms and molecules in plasma stream the cathode spots operation with temperature of ∼ 4000 °C at a graphite electrode inside a discharge system enables to saturate the plasma by CN-radicals and atomic carbon in the case of using nitrogen as the working gas.


Background: Approximately 20% of all Swedish children grow up with a problem-drinking parent which may affect children negatively. Most Swedish municipalities therefore provide resources for support. However, less than 2% of these children receive this support, mainly due to difficulties in identifying and recruiting children into support programs. Delivering intervention programs to this target group via the Internet is a promising strategy. Here, we report preliminary results from a study of a novel web-based intervention targeted to adolescents having parents with alcohol problems. The purpose of the program is to strengthen adolescents' coping behavior, improve their mental health, and postponing the onset or decreasing risky alcohol consumption.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a web-based coping and alcohol-intervention program for adolescents having parents with alcohol problems.

Methods: The program is currently being tested in an RCT including at least 183 15–19 year olds randomly allocated into a treatment group or a waiting list control group. Participants are mainly recruited via Facebook ads and adolescents are screened using the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6). The assessment consists of a baseline measurement (t0) and two follow-ups after two (t1) and six months (t2). Measures include the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-DC), a coping behavior scale, and the short version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C).

Results: To date, almost 2925 adolescents have completed the screening questionnaire, whereof 205 participants (17%), out of 1229 eligible adolescents, gave informed consent and completed t0. Results reveal that about 35% of the participants have t0-scores indicating moderate depression and 43% have scores indicating severe depression; 42% have scores indicating dysfunctional coping behavior and 37% have risky alcohol consumption patterns. Data from t1 (n=53) show no statistically significant difference between groups with regards to mental health or coping behavior. A significant difference between groups is observed with regards to the participants own alcohol consumption as the control group participants had higher AUDIT-C scores relative the treatment group (U=461, p=0.011, two-tailed). Recruitment will continue throughout 2013 and complete t0 and t1 data will be available during early march 2014 and complete t2 data will be available during the summer 2014.

Conclusions: There is an urgent need for developing and evaluating web-based intervention programs targeting children having problem-drinking parents. This study therefore makes an important contribution to this novel field of research. []


This paper describes the implementation and verification of a high performance low-cost automated phase noise measurement technique. Development of a 'state-of-the-art' low phase noise version of a new signal source instrument for RF and Microwave calibration applications required a measurement solution easily and cost effectively integrated into existing factory and service center calibration systems.


A team of 14 Chinese researchers took home the 2021 Association for Computing Machinery's Gordon Bell Prize for using a new exaflop-scale Sunway supercomputer to 'achieve real-time simulation of a random quantum circuit and close the "quantum supremacy" gap.' By introducing a systematic design process that covers the algorithm, paral-lelization and architecture required for the simulation, the team was able to simulate a 10 × 10 × (1 + 40 + 1) circuit in 304 seconds. It seriously challenged Google's claim that some complex problems would take a classical computer 10 000 years to solve, while the company's quantum processor Sycamore only needed 200 seconds. This prize-winning work may bring algorithmic and architectural innovation to the supercomputing community and speed up the development of quantum devices in the future.


Summary In a polemical paper, Dr. O. Kulling has invited the author to give his opinion as to the nappe-structure of the Caledonides, especially in respect of the Vasterbotten area of Sweden. In the following pages the author shows that the nappe-tectonics advanced by him for the central parts of Jemtland has obviously been adopted by Kulling in such a way, however, that the name Olden nappe (Oldenskollan) has been replaced by a new name, the »Blaik nappe», and A. G. Hogbom's old name, the Offerdal nappe, has been replaced by a new name, the »Stalon nappe». In his efforts to divide the eastern marginal zone of the Caledonides according to the scheme adopted, Dr. Kulling falls into the blunder of confusing the real allochthonous parts of the great »quartzite nappe» (the southern »Strom-quartzite nappe») with autochthonous parts of the Eocambrian series of quartzites, slates, tillites, and sparagmites, and thus neither the »Blaik nappe» nor the »Stalon nappe» can be maintained as logical conceptions of a th...


Considering the growing public concern over marine environmental quality, a program of monitoring radionuclids in imported fishery products has been established. The analyses have been performed by gamma spectrometry allowing the rapid detection of many artificial radionuclides such as 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K. The data obtained show Cs radionuclides levels within expected limits. The detection of natural radionuclide K showed different levels in the same fishery product as they came from different sea areas.


In a 1944 book that started game theory (and the mathematical approach to conflict resolution), von Neumann and Morgenstern proposed the notion of a solution. When the situation changes, the old solution is often no longer a solution, so it needs to be updated. In practical applications, it is usually desirable to keep the solution change "minimal" in some reasonable sense. We show that for a seemingly straightforward formalization of this minimality, checking whether a change is minimal is NP‐hard. We also show that by representing the notion of a solution as a collection of revision rules, we can produce a reasonable notion of minimality for which there exists a feasible algorithm for checking the minimality of the update. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 939–956, 2005.


Measurement of head capsule widths showed that larvae of D. abbreviatus generally have 10 or 11 instars when reared on artificial diet. The growth ratio for head capsules was j:reater during stadia for the I-5th instars and declined after the 6th. Head capsule widths and larval growth increased steadily for 71 d, at which time, all larvae were 7-10th instar. Larval growth reached a plateau at 114 d during stadia at 9-11th instar and remained unchanged to 188 d. The mean time for development of 1st to 7th instars was less compared with instars >7th. A frequency distribution based on head capsule size for greenhouse- and field-collected larvae fed citrus roots over time had similar stadia peaks to larvae reared on artificial diet in the laboratory. Weight of larvae with head capsule widths >1.0 mm increased slowly within stadia, whereas a greater increase in larval weight was observed for larvae with capsule widths >1.0 mm. Variation in larval weight for each stadium was also greater for larvae with head capsule widths >1.0 mm. Most larval weight gain occurred during stadia at 6-8th instar, suggesting higher food consumption at these developmental stages. Larval weight increased steadily within the initial 71 d but declined slowly thereafter. The mean weight for instars reared on artificial diet was greater than for either greenhouse- or field-collected larvae. The mean weight for larvae fed citrus roots in the greenhouse was smaller than for larvae feeding on roots in the field. On artificial diet, only a few larvae developed to pupae. Approximately 70% of the larvae pupated at the 10th instar, whereas others pupated at the 11th instar. The mean time ± SEM required for larval development to pupae, larvae to adult, and pupae to adult was 153.3 ±28.0 d, 158.3 ± 20.7 d, and 17 ± 3.8 d, respectively. Mean larval weight before pupation was 480.4 ± 102.5 mg, mean pupal weight 378.2 ± 66.1 mg, and mean adult weight 276.0 ± 51.6 mg. Larvae lost 20.3% of their live weight during metamorphosis to pupae and pupae lost 24.7% of their live weight in becoming adults.


The Draper initiative--Proposition 38 on the November ballot in California--would create a largely unregulated school voucher scheme. It would provide families with vouchers worth about half of what is spent on children in public schools. Families could use these vouchers (initially worth $4,000 per child) toward the payment of tuition in participating private schools. Those schools could set their tuition at whatever level they wish, and they could choose among applicants as they wish (so long as they didn't discriminate on the basis of race, national origin and the like).


Background: The aim of this study was to find out the changes in blood parameters in a group of myocardial infarction patients in Jamnagar, Gujarat. Methods: In this cross sectional study conducted at the medicine clinic in GGH general hospital, Jamnagar between May 2012 and April 2013, a total of 100 subjects were included. Parameters like hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, hematocrit, ESR, Mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, differential WBC count used. Results: The results of present study revealed that WBC count, ESR, the differential leukocyte count (e.g. neutrophil cells) in patients increased significantly (P <0.01) comparison to controls. While, the differential leukocyte count of lymphocyte & platelet count revealed to decrease significantly (P <0.01) in patients. Conclusion: Abnormal blood parameters are more common among diabetes patients. Elevated WBC count, ESR, neutrophils are present in patients as compared to control. While decreased in lymphocytes & platelets are seen in patients as compared to control.


While the teaching of anatomy has evolved over the centuries, the cadaver remains its major resource at most medical schools. Approaching the embalmed human body for the first time induces a range of feelings which develop and change throughout an anatomy course. However, the background, cultural views, and experiences students bring to the dissection experience likely influence their reactions and the trajectory of their acclimation to dissection. This survey assessed the self‐rated importance of cultural views and emotional reactions among medical students from different cultural backgrounds. First year medical students from Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (US), American University of Beirut (Lebanon), and Queens University Belfast (Northern Ireland) completed a survey one week before exposure to cadaver dissection (Time 1) and one week after cadaver dissection (Time 2). In terms of self‐reported effect of cultural views on experiences during dissection, the three groups manifested significant differences from each other, with students in the U.S. having the highest levels at Time 1 (Mean=2.30), followed by students in Lebanon (Mean=1.81), and then students in Northern Ireland (Mean=1.46; F=13.07; p<0.001). In terms of the emotions at Time 1, students in Northern Ireland reported the lowest level (Mean=2.28), followed by students in the U.S. (Mean=3.00), and those in Lebanon (Mean=3.16). F= 11.96; p<001). However, the three groups did not show any significant differences on this measure at Time 2. Finally, with respect to dissection as an anxiety‐provoking experience, students in Northern Ireland showed the lowest scores at Time 1 (Mean=1.70), compared to US (Mean=2.45) and Lebanon (Mean=2.36). While both students in the U.S. (Mean=2.11) and Northern Ireland (Mean=1.56) showed some decrease in reported anxiety at Time 2, students in Lebanon showed a much more dramatic decrease (Mean=1.60). Aggregate differences in reported anxiety at Time 2 were significant (F=6.78;p=0.001), driven by the pairwise difference between U.S. students and the other groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that students self‐perceive their cultural views as relatively unimportant in the dissection experience, yet significant group differences between students from different cultural context were observed. There appear to be differences between groups nested these different cultural contexts, not only prior to the dissection experience, but also in terms of how they acclimate to the emotional experiences during dissection. Additionally, while often the U.S. is considered acultural compared to other regions, the U.S. group reports significantly higher levels of importance on this measure than those from Northern Ireland or Lebanon.


Background: The present endeavor was planned to investigate Mental Toughness among Male and Female National athletes. Methods: For this purpose, 81 senior national athletes were selected as respondents. The sample comprised of 35 male and 46 female athletes. Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI) developed by Loehr (1982) was used to assess Mental Toughness of the subjects. For comparison of mean scores Independent t-test was applied. Results: Results of the present investigation revealed that Female athletes were higher on Negative energy control when their mean scores were compared to Male's mean scores. Conclusion: It can be concluded that female athletes were better in controlling negative emotions such as fear, anger, frustration, envy etc. as compared to their counterparts.


To achieve high-efficiency power and energy man-agement in a modern hybrid shipboard power system, an accurate shipload profile has become the pre-condition for opti-mization of the power and energy control. With the introduction of the all-electric ship concept, propulsion load is determined by the electrical power demand instead of the propeller mechanical torque. In this study, a data-driven load profile prediction model of the ship propulsion power is developed with machine learning methods. A typical ferry boat operation data is utilized as the case study to verify the prediction accuracy. The prediction model is approached via three different regression models and the predicted results are studied and compared. The marine power load forecasting can improve power system efficiency and reduce the energy cost through a better understanding of the power system demand pattern.


Introduction People living with frailty risk adverse outcomes following even minor illnesses. Admission to hospital or the intensive care unit is associated with potentially burdensome interventions and poor outcomes. Decision-making during an emergency is fraught with complexity and potential for conflict between patients, carers and clinicians. Advance care planning is a process of shared decision-making which aims to ensure patients are treated in line with their wishes. However, planning for future care is challenging and those living with frailty are rarely given the opportunity to discuss their preferences. The aim of the ProsPECT (Prospective Planning for Escalation of Care and Treatment) study was to explore perspectives on planning for treatment escalation in the context of frailty. We spoke to people living with frailty, their carers and clinicians across primary and secondary care. Methods In-depth online or telephone interviews and online focus groups. The topic guide explored frailty, acute decision-making and planning for the future. Data were thematically analysed using the Framework Method. Preliminary findings were presented to a sample of study participants for feedback in two online workshops. Results We spoke to 44 participants (9 patients, 11 carers and 24 clinicians). Four main themes were identified: frailty is absent from treatment escalation discussions, planning for an uncertain future, escalation in an acute crisis is 'the path of least resistance', and approaches to facilitating treatment escalation planning in frailty. Conclusion Barriers to treatment escalation planning include a lack of shared understanding of frailty and uncertainty about the future. Emergency decision-making is focussed on survival or risk aversion and patient preferences are rarely considered. To improve planning discussions, we recommend frailty training for non-specialist clinicians, multi-disciplinary support, collaborative working between patients, carers and clinicians as well as broader public engagement.


The Parliamentary Interpretation Service provides interpreters to the House of Commons debates, Senate debates, parliamentary committees, Cabinet meetings and other meetings in the parliamentary sector. As for Conference Interpretation Services, there are two divisions: the Official Languages (English-French) section, and the Foreign Languages section. Conference Interpretation Services assigns teams of interpreters to the many national and international meetings and conferences organised by federal departments and other public bodies.


Summary Outgrowth of cells occurs when sediments from voided or catheterized urines are placed in culture. Proliferation of epithelial-like cells was obtained with 69% of the urines from normal adult males and from patients with an indwelling catheter. Similar observations were made with malignant cells derived from urines of patients with urothelial carcinoma. In no instance was the outgrowth of fibroblast-like cells seen.


The solar wind disturbances during January 1–7, 1978, are reconstructed by a modeling method. First of all, the interplanetary magnetic field background pattern, including a corotating shock, is reproduced using the Stanford source surface map. Then, two solar flares with their onset times on January 1, 0717 at 17°S, 10°E and 2147 UT at 17°S, 32°E, respectively, are selected to generate two interplanetary transient shocks. It is shown that these two shocks interacted with the corotating shock, resulting in a series of interplanetary events observed by four spacecraft, Helios 1 and 2, IMP 8, and Voyager 2. In particular, our simulation results show that these three shock waves interact and coalesce in interplanetary space such that Helios 2 and Voyager 2 observed only one shock and Helios 1 and IMP 8 observed two shocks. All shocks observed by the four spacecraft, except the corotating shock at Helios 1, are either a transient shock or a shock which is formed from coalescing of the transient shocks with the corotating shock. Our method is useful in reconstructing a very complicated chain of interplanetary events observed by a number of spacecraft.


Despite many successful preclinical treatment studies to improve neurocognition in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), translation to humans has failed. This raises critical questions about the appropriateness of the Ts65Dn mouse as the "gold standard" for DS research given that it carries, in addition to Mmu16 orthologous genes, triplication of 50 Mmu17 non-orthologous genes that might contribute to the observed brain and behavioral phenotypes. We used the novel Ts66Yah mouse that carries both an extra mini chromosome and the identical segmental Mmu16 trisomy as Ts65Dn, but in which the Mmu17 non-orthologous region was removed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We demonstrate that the Ts65Dn exhibits a more severe phenotype throughout the lifespan compared to the Ts66Yah mouse. Several Mmu17 non-orthologous genes were uniquely overexpressed in Ts65Dn embryonic forebrain; this produced major differences in dysregulated genes and pathways. Despite these genome-wide differences, the primary Mmu16 trisomic effects were highly conserved in both models, resulting in several commonly dysregulated disomic genes and pathways. During the neonatal period, delays in motor development, communication and olfactory spatial memory were observed in both Ts66Yah and Ts65Dn pups but were more pronounced in Ts65Dn. Adult Ts66Yah mice showed working memory deficits and sex-specific effects in exploratory behavior and spatial hippocampal memory, while long-term memory was preserved. Like the neonates, adult Ts66Yah mice exhibited fewer and milder behavioral deficits when compared to Ts65Dn mice. Our findings suggest that trisomy of the non-orthologous Mmu17 genes significantly contributes to the phenotype of the Ts65Dn mouse and may be one major reason why preclinical trials that used this model have unsuccessfully translated to human therapies.


Changing political, social and economic circumstances operating across a variety of scales are transforming the socio-spatial landscapes for Lesbian, Gay, Bi, Trans and Queer (LGBTQ) people in Toronto. While the established gay village continues to be the imagined and material centre of political and social life for the LGBTQ community, various groups are increasingly utilizing other locations in the downtown core but outside the Village, particularly an area know colloquially as 'Queer West.' This paper argues that for some queer women/gender queers individuals, the Village is not viewed as a desirable location for social or political organising given perceptions the area is dominated by largely white, middle class, gay men. Further, the possibilities, potentials and limitations for queer women/genderqueer individuals to take up alternative locations are constituted through complex social relations and include notions of what 'queered' and 'queering' space entails and participants' own imagined sense of place and reflecting aspects of their own classed, racialized and gendered positioning


Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a microvascular event documented in numerous in vivo animal models. In animal models, prostaglandin and prostaglandin analogues have been found to ameliorate reperfusion injury. These studies were undertaken to evaluate human microvascular endothelial PGE1 synthesis during in vitro ischemia followed by reperfusion. Human (neonatal) microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) cultures (n = 6) were subjected to sequential 2 h periods of normoxia (20% O2), ischemia (1.5% O2), and reperfusion (20% O2). Prostaglandin E2 synthesis in conditioned media was determined by ELISA. Steady state levels of MEC prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS)‐1 and ‐2 mRNA were assessed at the end of each 2‐h period using RT‐PCR and a quantitative mRNA ELISA. MEC PGHS protein levels were analyzed using an ELISA. PGE1 release increased significantly during the initial 30 min of ischemia, but rapidly fell below normoxic levels by 90 and 120 min. During reperfusion, PGE1 release returned to normoxic levels at 30, 60, and 90 min, and exceeded normoxic levels at 120 min. PGHS‐1 mRNA levels were undetectable during all experimental conditions. PGHS‐2 mRNA levels were unchanged by ischemia, but were decreased by reperfusion. In contrast, PGHS‐2 protein levels increased 3‐fold during ischemia, and remained elevated during reperfusion. Human MEC do not express PGHS‐1 mRNA in vitro. Prolonged ischemia decreases MEC PGE1 synthesis, and stimulates increased PGHS‐2 protein levels without altering the steady state levels of COX‐2 mRNA. During reperfusion, increased PGHS‐2 protein levels persist and are associated with stimulated PGE2 secretion, despite relative decreases in PGHS‐2 mRNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 92: 472–480, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper the RF design of a large Ka-band reflectarray for Synthetic Antenna Radar (SAR) application and the correlation with the measured data are introduced. The reflectarray is part of a dual-offset antenna system for a high-resolution and wide-swath SAR instrument. The antenna is optimised to work in the high-resolution mode with a directive beam in one linear polarisation, and in a low-resolution mode with a broad beam in the opposite linear polarisation. A dual linear mode sectoral horn is optimised to enable different beam widths for the two orthogonal polarisation. Measurement of the radiation patterns and correlation with the predicted data are presented to validate the design.


Acute myocardial infarction is a rare complication of ascending aortic dissection; it is usually due to the coronary ostium involvement. The authors describe an unusual case with anomalous left coronary origin too; they suggest that, due to this combination, the aneurysmatic area pushes the anomalous coronary artery, causing acute myocardial infarction.


This paper focuses on the institutional dynamics of family-led organic farms in the mountains of Nepal. It is based on continuous observations and experiences of local farmers who have dedicated themselves to organic agriculture for a significant period of time. It is found that family-led organic farming can contribute significantly to the sustainable use of local agricultural resources. The family, as an autonomous institution, is found to be effective for governance of local agricultural resources by transferring indigenous knowledge systems and traditional farming technologies to successive generations. We realised that it is most important to recognise local processes that govern the use of agricultural resources and local innovations that augment the practices of organic farming. It is concluded that family farms in mountainous regions of Nepal should be developed as an important sector of agriculture by enacting sound policies for local agricultural resources governance, empowering regional development bodies, and strengthening local market.


Cylindrical micro tools of tungsten material have various applications in micro devices and systems because of its high rigidity and toughness. This article deals with the fabrication of cylindrical micro tools from tungsten rod by micro electrochemical form turning operation using KOH solution as electrolyte. The experiments were conducted with an indigenously developed setup with the variation of different experimental parameters to get good cylindrical shape of the tool. Cylindrical micro tools of diameter less than 50 µm and length of up to 1 mm have been fabricated through this process from tungsten rods of initial diameter of 1.5 mm within the time duration of 15 min. This process produces cylindrical micro tools from a much larger initial diameter of tungsten rod and with low lead time, as compared to the reported literatures. The variation of the cylindrical length of the micro tool according to the variation of parameters such as pulse on time, applied voltage and concentration of electrolyte has been analyzed, and the optimum parameter settings for getting the better shape and surface finish of the cylindrical electrode are electrode gap distance of 100 µm, frequency of the pulse power supply of 500 kHz, voltage of 18 V, electrolyte concentration of 3 M and pulse on time of 1400 ns.


In order to obtain the optimal cultivating and oil-producing parameters,the influence of NO3-N,Fe3+,Mg2+and Zn2+ concentrations on the growth of Chlorella sp.was explored.The Nile Red was used to examine the lipid content of Chlorella sp.at the same time.The factors affecting the growth and oil-production of Chlorella sp.were optimized by the orthogonal experimental design.Chlorella sp.showed the fast-growing under high concentration of NO3-N,Mg2+and Fe3+,while high Zn2+ inhibited its growth.The change of pH has little influence to its growth.It concluded that nitrogen limit and high concentration of Mg2+ or Fe3+ could improve the lipid content in Chlorella sp.The orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal cultivation condition was a group of factors containing 12 μmol/L Fe3+,7.2 μmol/L Zn2+ and 0.3 mmol/L NO3-N for Chlorella sp.


It is critical the UK keeps the bones of its world leading data infrastructure so that we can protect ourselves from lingering and future threats, writes Jennifer Beam Dowd


Majorization-minimization algorithms consist of successively minimizing a sequence of upper bounds of the objective function. These upper bounds are tight at the current estimate, and each iteration monotonically drives the objective function downhill. Such a simple principle is widely applicable and has been very popular in various scientific fields, especially in signal processing and statistics. We propose an incremental majorization-minimization scheme for minimizing a large sum of continuous functions, a problem of utmost importance in machine learning. We present convergence guarantees for nonconvex and convex optimization when the upper bounds approximate the objective up to a smooth error; we call such upper bounds "first-order surrogate functions." More precisely, we study asymptotic stationary point guarantees for nonconvex problems, and for convex ones, we provide convergence rates for the expected objective function value. We apply our scheme to composite optimization and obtain a new incremental proximal gradient algorithm with linear convergence rate for strongly convex functions. Our experiments show that our method is competitive with the state of the art for solving machine learning problems such as logistic regression when the number of training samples is large enough, and we demonstrate its usefulness for sparse estimation with nonconvex penalties.


The temperature variation of interlayer coupling on the sandwiches with semimetal bismuth as spacer is reported. The thermal behavior of the coupling between two ferromagnetic layers has been studied in the 25–300K temperature range. The exchange interaction oscillates as a function of spacer thickness between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings at room temperature. Besides, the oscillation periods as well as the phase remain the same as the temperature declines from room temperature. However, a strong increase of the coupling strength is found when the temperature is below 150K. Besides, influence of temperature is quite different for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interlayer couplings at low temperatures. The transition from the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling causes the disappearance of the oscillation of interlayer coupling. This is because the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling is suppressed by stronger ferromagnetic interaction.


The invention relates to a male contact and a female contact of a power connecter. The male contact is composed of a plate male connector in the front and a pair of plane sheets mutually separated and parallel to each other at the back. The two plane sheets stretch from the rear end of the plate male connector to the two sides in a suspension manner. The lower edges of the two plane sheets are respectively provided with at least one terminal pin. The female contact comprises a pair of plane sheets mutually separated and parallel to each other; two elastic cantilevers respectively extending from the same ends of the two plane sheets are arranged face to face; an insertion space of the plate male connector of the male contact is formed between the two elastic cantilevers; the free ends of the two elastic cantilevers are mutually separated from each other to form an insertion hole of the male contact; at least one contact part with a concave arc is arranged on each elastic cantilever from the basic arm section to the free end; when the male contact is inserted into the insertion space, the two elastic cantilevers elastically clamp the male contact closely; and the lower edges of the two plane sheets are respectively provided with at least one terminal pin.


The main objective of this research is to analyze the levels of reaction, teaching and learning, behavior, and results of the participants of character education training program from Teachers' Learning Community of Civics Education in Tapin Disctrict. This research used a qualitative approach based on Kirkpatrick's program evaluation model. Data were collected using the techniques of observation, interview, questionnaire and documentation. Research result showed that (1) reaction level was in the high category, (2) teaching and learning level was effective. Learning achievement obtained from the pretest and posttest results showed that there is improvement as the learning results of learning, teaching and training, (3) behavioral level was effective and very useful, because it changed the behavior in teachers' attitude, skill and knowledge, and (4) the responsibility of Civics Education teachers showed positive response as seen from their working effectiveness as the manifestation of qualities of working and creativity. Keywords—Training, Character Education, Teachers' Learning Community (MGMP), Kirkpatrick's evaluation


How did our financial world go so horribly wrong? As the crash of 2008 continues to unfold, Nick Bingham looks back at what we all should have seen coming.


In tins work. we have presented an improved fish robot actuated by four compressed light-weight piezo¬composite actuators. Swimming speed. thrust. and drag of the fish robot were experimentally examined to verify effect of the applied compressive force on force actuation. consequently on swimming speed of fish robot. The swimming speed of the fish robot was measured for four different tail fin areas. The drag of the fish robot was estimated by experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. For drag measurement, we have presented an apparatus 10 measure relatively small drag by using a high speed camera. The measured drag agreed well with the calculated one by the CFD. We have also suggested a thrust measurement apparatus, where we can ignore effect of vibratory motion of the system. TIle thrust of the fish robot was increased about 11% due 10 the applied compressive force on the piezoceramic actuators. However. the drag of the fish robot was also increased due to increment of the cross section area.


We discuss an application of QCD sum rules to the heavy baryons $\Lambda_Q$ and $\Sigma_Q$. The predictions for the masses of heavy baryons, residues and Isgur-Wise function are presented.
The new results on two loop anomalous dimensions of baryonic currents and QCD radiative corrections (two- and three- loop contributions) to the first two Wilson coefficients in OPE are explicitly presented.


The threat to disruption of food security due to rampant conversion of agricultural land is very significantagainst land use change according to Government Regulation No. 1 of 2011 concerning the Designation and Transfer of Function of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land in article 35 has regulated limitatively that land that has been designated as Sustainable Food Agricultural Land is protected and prohibited from being converted. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of land use change according to Government Regulation No. 1 of 2011 and to find out the legal consequences of the conversion of agricultural land into industrial areas. The method used in this research is sociological juridical method, the specification in this research is descriptive analysis, data used are primary data and secondary data, using data collection by interview and literature study, qualitative data analysis, problems analyzed by theory, legal certainty, and Justice Theory. The results of this study indicate that transfer of function in Government Regulation No. 1 of 2011 concerning the Designation and Transfer of Function of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land in article 35 regulates that land that has been designated as Sustainable Food Agricultural Land is protected and prohibited from being converted. The local government can carry out the conversion of land functions in the context of land acquisition for the public interest or a disaster occurs. Industry is not included in the public interest, which is allowed to use paddy fields for conversion. Regarding law enforcement on the conversion of agricultural land functions, the central and regional governments still consider that development is merely encouraging the improvement of physical infrastructure, which often sacrifices productive agricultural land. The conversion of agricultural land to residential areas, the development of public infrastructure and industrial facilities is quite alarming so that it will have an impact on the national and regional food crisis if not handled seriously. In the midst of the food self-sufficiency target, there needs to be serious steps in law enforcement and maximum protection of productive agricultural land.


Desalination was important in fuel preparation with coal tar hydrogenation.The desalination effect directly affected the deactivation of catalyst.At present,the method of salt content determination was not mature.This method was dealt by centrifugation and determination of conductivity,which was simple and quick and can instruct production timely and effectively.


Origin labeling and quality upgrading through farmer organizations have been considered as solutions to reduce transaction costs and improve market bargaining power. This paper explores whether belonging to a farmer organization that improves and signals quality can help increase yields and household incomes of small-scale farmers for a specific quality product, Hoa Vang sticky rice in Vietnam. The paper is based on primary data on 185 households collected in 2013 and on 149 households collected in 2015. Different econometric methods were applied to investigate the effect based on rice yield, rice income and household income as the outcome variables. The results show that membership of farmer organization does not significantly improve household income compared to non-membership. However, members of farmer organizations have less resources in terms of land and inputs than non-members. These results suggest that the economic results achieved by farmers with fewer opportunities to access markets are similar to those obtained by farmers with more opportunities thanks to the involvement of farmer organizations in marketing. The specificities of the Hoa Vang sticky rice are still not reflected in higher farmer sales prices and incomes. More dialogue between farmer organizations and their customers is thus required, as well as better public control of labeling fraud.


In any developing country to meet energy demand and energy supply is difficult. Therefore energy input is very important concern due to meet increasing demand. In Industrial sector great opportunity to reduce energy consumption through implementation of energy efficient electric motors. This paper presents literature review of energy efficient electric motors, different speed control methods.


Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been widely investigated as a next-generation solar cell because of their simple structure and low manufacturing cost. The TiO2 film with thickness of 8∼10 μm, which consists of nanoparticles, acts as both a scaffold with a high surface-to-volume ratio for the dye loading and a pathway to remove the electrons. However, charge carriers have to move across many particle boundaries by a hopping mechanism. So, one dimensional nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanorods and nanowires should improve charge carrier transportation by providing a facile direct electron pathway and lowering the diffusion resistance. However, the efficiencies of DSSCs using one dimensional nanostructures are less than the TiO2 nanoparticle-based DSSCs. In this work, the patterned TiO2 film with thickness of 3 μm was deposited using photolithography process to decrease of electron pathway and increase of surface area and transmittance of TiO2 films. Properties of the patterned TiO2 films were investigated by various analysis method such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer.


A model for determining the current distribution in corona discharges with arbitrary boundaries is described. The model is used to calculate the current-voltage characteristics of rectangular corotrons.


Mediterranean‐type shrublands are subject to periodic fire and high levels of nitrogen (N) deposition, but little is known how chronic N deposition affects carbon (C) and N storage during succession. We conducted a long‐term experiment in Californian chaparral to test the hypothesis that chronic N enrichment would increase postfire C and N accumulation. The experimental layout consisted of a randomized design where four 10 × 10 m plots received 5 g N m−2 annually since 2003 and four 10 × 10 m plots served as controls. Aboveground and belowground C and N pools and fluxes were measured seasonally (every 3 months) for a period of 10 years. Added N rapidly increased soil extractable N pools and decreased soil pH; however, total soil C and N storage were not affected. Added N plots initially had significantly lower C and N storage than control plots, presumably because of nutrient losses from leaching and/or higher belowground C allocation. However, rates of aboveground N and C storage became significantly higher in added N plots after 4–5 years of exposure, thus increasing fuel buildup, which has implications for future fire intensity. This recovering chaparral stand is not yet "N saturated" after 10 years of chronic N input. However, N leaching continues to be higher in added N plots, indicating that postfire chaparral stands in high‐N deposition areas can be important sources of N to groundwater/aquatic systems even if productivity is stimulated by N input.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for the majority of dementia cases and leaves clinicians, patients, family members, caregivers, and researchers faced with numerous ethical issues that vary and evolve as a function of disease stage and severity. While the disclosure of a diagnosis of AD dementia is difficult enough, advances in the neurobiology of AD – embodied in the recent revisions to the AD diagnostic guidelines – have translated into an increasing shift toward the diagnosis being made in its pre-dementia stages, when patients have full insight into their prognosis. Genetic issues in AD are significant in the case of rare families with an early onset (before age 65) form of the disease, owing to the presence of deterministic mutations. While genetic testing for the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene – a risk factor for sporadic AD – is widely debated, it may become necessary in the context of novel disease-modifying drugs. The current symptomatic drugs – cholinesterase inhibitors (CIs) and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine – are relatively simple to use but their access is limited in many countries by economic considerations and therapeutic nihilism. Although their efficacy is modest, they influence the design of protocols for new drugs since placebo treatment in clinical trials involving patients with established dementia is rarely allowed beyond 3 months. Driving privileges are lost in the moderate stages of dementia, with this decision ideally reached using a standardized assessment algorithm. Physical restraints are still overused in moderate-to-severe stages, but the alternative non-pharmacological therapies and caregiver training programs are not yet fully validated using randomized studies. End-of-life care is slowly moving towards a palliative care approach similar to that for end-stage cancer. There will be new drugs in the near future, some of which will delay progression from prodromal stages to dementia, but their use will require careful stopping rules.


We show that all GL(2,R) equivariant point markings over orbit closures of translation surfaces arise from branched covering constructions and periodic points, completely classify such point markings over strata of quadratic differentials, and give applications to the finite blocking problem.


Cloud Computing (CC) is one of the most important and hottest deal of attention, both in academia researches and among users, due to its ability for satisfying the computing needs by reducing commercial expenditure bandwidth with computing compounds while increasing scalability and flexibility for computing services, accessing it through an Internet connection from anywhere in the world its available Internet network..However it becomes particularly serious because the data is located in different places even in the entire globe and should be taken into account such as violation of the confidentiality and privacy of customers' data via unauthorized parties. So the only causes imperfection in the cloud computing is security impairment generally and especially data security. Despite about organizations and individual user adopting cloud computing, put their data in cloud due to the security issues challenges associated with it requires that organizations trust needs a technical tools protecting their data. Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is a public key encryption technique based on elliptic curve theory that can be used to create faster, smaller, and more efficient cryptographic keys. Hence, we proposed data security in cloud computing with elliptic curve cryptography a proficient data security model algorithm, as a secure tool to model a Secured platform for Data in cloud computing. The algorithm was simulated using Java Development Kit (JDK) to implement the curve operations to extract the data in the Cloud, encrypting, decrypting, signing and verifications the signature, followed by testing the acquired results the implemented classes and their design Although this topic represent a good sample of the work that is being done, there are many requirements to study this area due to the needs of cloud computing in the next generation both individuals and organization even governmental agencies Might parallel increase of cyber attackers and they improve their techniques so as a researcher suggest the importance of data in ECC to be studied.


— Pollution caused by industrial waste is a problem for people's lives, one of which is water pollution by dyes. The synthetic dye is difficult to degrade in nature, so it requires an alternative method to be able to degrade the dye. The compound C-Vaniline Kalix[4]Resorcinarene (CVKR) has great potential as an adsorbent to be developed for dye adsorption. This study aims to determine the potential of C-Vanillin Kaliks [4] resorcinnarene (CVKR) as an adsorbent for the adsorption of metanyl yellow dye using optimum condition parameters to affect the metanyl yellow adsorption process which are estimated. The CVKR obtained was in the form of a peach colored powder solid of 0.833 grams. The results of characterization with FTIR showed absorption peaks at wave numbers 3355.12 cm-1 (O-H), 1508.14 cm-1 (C=C benzene) and 1141.58 cm-1 (C-O), the results of UV-Vis measurements showed the presence of adsorption of conjugated dienes at a wavelength of 299 nm with an absorbance of 3.5582 A and CVKR has a melting point is 380 0 C. Analysis of the adsorption of metanyl yellow by CVKR under optimal conditions occurred at pH 5, concentration 250 mg/L, optimum contact time 90 minutes and stirring speed 200 rpm . Adsorption inclined the langmuir isotherm pattern with a determinant value is 0.9175. The % RSD value of methanyl yellow was 1.3361%. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.27568233 mg/L and 0.91894118 mg/L in the analytical method used.


This paper develops a multigenerational overlapping (OLG) model to investigate the welfare effects of pension reforms in an aging economy. Given the declining trend in the proportion of young people to the old aged, it is feared that existing pay-as-you-go pension system may not be sustainable and it necessitates higher tax or premium contributions to maintain the sustainability of the fiscal and pension system. This paper investigates the effects of four reform programs aiming to enhance the sustainability of the pension system. The programs are: (a) an increase in pension contribution, (b) a reduction in pension benefit, (c) an extension of mandatory retirement age, and (d) a combination of program (b) and (c). Policy simulation results from this paper indicate that extending mandatory retirement age harms only little of the current generations' lifetime utility whereas it gradually improves future generations' life time utility. On the contrary, increase in pension contribution reduces lifetime utility of the current generation without benefitting future generation. Alternately increase in contribution ratio improves future GDP growth whereas reducing replacement ratio cannot. Finally, an increase in pension contribution worsens government budgetary condition whereas reducing replacement ratio does not.


This thesis examines the impact of the Canadian criminal and civil justice processes on aboriginal people who are survivors of child sexual abuse in Canadian Indian residential schools. The focus of this thesis is whether legal processes meet the justice and healing needs of aboriginal victims of sexual abuse. In examining the impact of the justice system, an analysis of two court cases, namely the R. v. O'Connor criminal case and the Blackwater et al v. Plint et al (1998) civil case adjudication is presented. The O'Connor criminal case exemplifies the challenges victims face with substantial and procedural justice. In contrast, the Blackwater civil case exemplifies the problems victims face in demonstrating the responsibility or legal liability of the offending party or parties concerned, and in substantiating that they need to be compensated for their trauma and hardships. As the issues confronted by victims may be insurmountable, alternatives to mainstream justice have been sought. The alternatives take the form of aboriginal community justice initiatives. These present their own unique challenges and dilemmas for victims and their communities. However, victims appear to express hope for either community-based initiatives or a renewed justice system that will accommodate their cultural and individual rights. This is indicative of diversity regarding justice and healing needs of aboriginal victims. --Leaf i.


In case of oncological disease there is a deterioration of patients' quality of life as such of its characteristics as physiological, psychological, emotional and social decrease These problems are especially worsened by additional threats of social life Today, such a challenge to the health of all mankind, and especially cancer patients, is the global pandemic caused by the spread of coronavirus disease COVID-19 Fear of death and loss of loved ones, isolation, economic shock and uncertainty about the future -- all this certainly affects the quality of life, especially for patients after mastectomy, because they were already in emotional and physiological stress The problem of determining the patients' quality of life after mastectomy and correcting the nature of the personal reaction to the disease in the coronavirus pandemic is an integral part of the physical rehabilitation programme The objective of the study: to assess the quality of life and effectiveness of physical rehabilitation programmes of women after mastectomy in the conditions of pandemic COVID-19 Research methods The study involved 36 women aged from 42-69, who underwent radical mastectomy and were receiving adjuvant treatment at the Kherson Regional Oncological Center To restore their health, the patients passed an author's programme of physical therapy for people after radical mastectomy The methodology of building the author's programme was based on continuity, phasing and its implementation both in the mammology department and at home The quality of life parameters and the volume indicators of mobility of the joints of the upper extremity were evaluated by the operated part before the application of physical therapy methods (early hospital period), after physical therapy (late hospital period) and after discharge from a hospital, but women continued to perform rehabilitation measures independently and were at home during the COVID-19 pandemic (posthospital period + quarantine) To assess the quality of life, we used the questionnaire "MOS SF-36", which was used at each stage of rehabilitation Research results Based on the conducted goniometry of women after radical mastectomy, it can be concluded that the amplitude of movements in the shoulder joint differs significantly at all periods of physical therapy (early hospital period, late hospital period and post-hospital period + quarantine) from the standard indicators Extension of the shoulder among most women after the application of an individual rehabilitation programme has fully recovered, forced quarantine and lack of general physical activity did not affect this indicator Independent performance of therapeutic gymnastics (in the post-hospital period + quarantine) did not significantly improve this indicator and did not lead to complete recovery of movement The analysis of the obtained results showed that among women, who underwent mastectomy under the influence of physical exercises, already in the late hospital period of rehabilitation, there was not only an improvement in joint mobility, but there was an improvement in quality of life At the same time, women in the post-hospital period of physical rehabilitation, which coincided with the quarantine period, there was a slight decrease in quality of life Namely: there was a decrease in physical activity (PF) by 4 5%, which indicated a decrease in daily physical activity;it was found that the role of physical problems in the limitation of vital functions (RF) decreased by 2 7% (this indicator reflected the impact of physical condition on daily role activities) Low RF values indicate that daily activities are significantly limited by the patient's physical condition;women noted an increase in pain indicator (BP) by 9 6% and its effect on the ability to engage in daily activities, which led to limited activity of patients;deterioration of mental health (MH) -- by 3 8%, which was characterized by low mood, depression, anxiety and a decrease in the overall rate of positive emotions Low scores indicated the presence of depres ive, anxious experience and mental distress;decrease of the indicator of role functioning, which is due to emotional state (RE), during forced quarantine by 13 6%, interpreted as a restriction in the performance of daily work, which is due to the deterioration of emotional state;vital activity parameters (VT) decreased during quarantine by 11 7% The obtained indicators testified to higher fatigue of patients, decrease of their vital activity and decrease of their vivacity Conclusions Quarantine conditions and self-isolation, which appeared during the spread of coronavirus disease, are an additional source of concern for patients after mastectomy and have identified a decline in their quality of life and the effectiveness of physical therapy in general Although before the quarantine measures, the indicators of quality of life and mobility of the shoulder joints on the operated side were significantly increased under the influence of the physical therapy programme for this category of patients Assessment of the quality of life of patients after mastectomy is an integral characteristic of physical, mental, social and spiritual condition, which allows determining the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation measures Therefore, the assessment of the life quality of women after mastectomy, which is made by the patients themselves, is a secure and reliable indicator of their general condition under normal conditions and during the pandemic period of coronavirus disease The obtained data on the quality of life allow for constant monitoring of the patients' general condition after undergoing surgery on the mammary, as well as timely, if necessary, to adjust the physical therapy programme [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Balneo Research Journal is the property of Balneo Research Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Documenting the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation cover and hydrological cycle of the Earth system and understanding how they interact are important especially under climate warming. In this research, we quantified the changes in vegetation and evapotranspiration (E) across China during 1982–2015 and then revealed the complex relationships in climate–vegetation–evapotranspiration system. Results show that the upward trend in vegetation leaf area index (LAI) during 2000–2015 (an increase of 0.95% per year) was almost 8 times the trend during 1982–1999. The zones of the Loess Plateau and the Three‐North Shelter Forest Program are the most notable areas for LAI increases between these two periods, with increases of 11.65% and 2.87%, respectively. Increased LAI, along with the warming climate, has accelerated E across China in the past several decades, and the annual increase in the E rate was 0.34% (1.34 mm year−1) during 1982–1999 and 0.40% (1.62 mm year−1) during 2000–2015. The zones of the Loess Plateau and the karst landform are the most notable areas for transpiration increases, with individual increases of 10% and 5%, respectively. In general, the dominant causes for evaporation changes across all of China are temperature and precipitation, while the main reasons for transpiration changes include temperature, LAI, and sunshine duration. This study improves our understanding of the relationships within the climate–vegetation–evapotranspiration system and provides important support for future ecological policies across China.


THE LATERAL SURFACE OF THE PONTOMESENCEPHALIC JUNCTION This anatomic study compares the surgical exposure provided by the retrosigmoid (RS), lateral supracerebellar (LS), and extreme lateral supracerebellar (EL) approaches targeting the lateral surface of the pontomesencephalic junction (PMJ). The RS approach provides a vertical perspective exposure with significant posterior limitation by the cerebellar hemisphere. The LS and EL approaches provide a horizontal perspective exposing the entire lateral surface of the PMJ. With an intact tentorium, the EL approach shows greater length exposure benefit in the caudal direction and improved vertical angle for surgical manipulation over the LS approach on the brainstem. These results help in the preoperative selection of approach for specifically oriented pathologies on the brainstem. [p. 279]


The leadership in literature and the arts that replaced the appointees of the "gang of four" in the late 1970s was formed of the old guard. Their policies were restorationist. They reversed the judgments of the Cultural Revolution, giving approval to all the theories then tarred black, notably "the broad road for realism" (which allowed for artistic diversity), "the deepening of realism" (which meant that not everything needed to be depicted as fine and dandy), and "middle characters" (intended to break the monopoly of proletarian heroes). They interpreted the principle that literature should serve socialism and serve the people relatively liberally. Serving the people meant "the whole people" (a formulation for which Zhou Yang had been condemned); and when the formula of "workers, peasants and soldiers" was repeated, it was pointed out that "workers" included brain workers. The enjoyment principle was also invoked.


Rhus radicans, a root-climbing liana, is not distributed randomly among potential host tree species in an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest on the southern Cum- berland Plateau of north Alabama, USA. Vines are more abundant than expected on Carya ovata and Quercus rubra, but less abundant than expected on Juglans nigra, Acer sac- charum, and Sassafras albidum. Seed germination and early seedling growth in the presence of bark extracts suggest allelochemical interactions may influence the observed host pref- erences.


A variable temperature n.m.r. study of some titanium chelates shows that the relative rates of degenerate enantiomerisation and site exchange of the dionato methyl groups vary with structure.


Craniofacial microsomia is a unique clinical presentation of 1 st and 2 nd arch syndrome with asymmetrical craniofacial development along with conductive hearing loss. It involves the underdevelopment of the structures of the first and second pharyngeal arches: Maxilla, mandible, external and middle ear, facial and trigeminal nerves, muscles of mastication and overlying soft tissue. In this article, we report a case of craniofacial microsomia diagnosed based on clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings. CBCT scan revealed incompletely formed inner ear structures in association with craniofacial microsomia, rarely reported in the literature.


Composition of the intestinal microbiota The number of bacteria that make up the microbiota is greater than the number of cells in a human being. In its composition four families of bacteria stand out: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Up to several years ago, it was estimated that a newborn had a sterile digestive system. However, the presence of microorganisms has been demonstrated in the meconium, the placenta, and the umbilical cord, which suggests the intrauterine beginning of the colonization[1]. Nevertheless, this colonization happens mainly at the postnatal stage and completes its maturation between 2 and 4 years of age. After birth, there exists a predominance of aerobic or facultative anaerobic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus, among others, which consume the intraluminal oxygen. This favors the habitat for strictly anaerobic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium[1-3]. The bacterial density varies according to the locality and exponentially increases as the digestive tube advances[1,4]. In the duodenum and in the proximal jejune, gram-positive aerobics or facultative anaerobics (Enterococcus and Lactobacillus) predominate. The distal ileum is a transition zone where aerobic bacteria, typical of the small intestine, and anaerobic ones, typical of the colon, are found[1,4]. The composition and the profile of the microbiota are influenced by different factors, such as the manner of birth, maternal breastfeeding and its duration, the use of infantile formu-


Tridentate Schiff-base ligand HL (L = C 1 2 H 9 N 2 O) reacts with lanthanide(III) nitrates to give complexes of formulae [M 2 L 3 (NO 3 ) 3 ], where M = Y 3 + (1), La 3 + (2), Nd 3 + (3), Sm 3 + (4), Eu 3 + (5), Gd 3 + (6), Tb 3 + (7), Dy 3 + (8), Ho 3 + (9), Lu 3 + (10), and [MM 1 L 3 [NO 3 ) x ], where M = Eu 3 + , and M 1 = Dy 3 + (11), Zn 2 + (12); x = 3 for 11 and 2 for 12. The structures of the complexes have been assigned on the basis of the spectroscopic data (solution analysis) and microanalyses. In the case of complexes 3, 5, 8 and 12 the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The structural analysis of the dinuclear complexes showed the presence of two metal atoms [M(1) and M(2)] and three ligands, L. Each lanthanide atom is coordinated to by 9 donor atoms with typical Ln-N and Ln-O distances. Zinc(II) is coordinated to by two oxygen atoms and four nitrogen atoms from two ligands. The metal ions are bridged by the phenoxo oxygen atoms of the ligands. We have obtained a heterodinuclear complex by a rapid one-step reaction. Quantum mechanical calculations indicated that the formation of heterodinuclear complex 12 is slightly favored energetically over the homodinuclear complex 5.


It is a very important task that how to classify Web pages automatically and effectively in accordance with the given model for machine learning. The traditional operation modes, including artificial way and semiautomatic way, form category abstracts after domain experts' personnel inspection and then put the results into a particular class library according to the scheduled requirements. An improved Naive Bayesian WEB text classification algorithm is proposed in this paper. The common Bayesian classifier assumes that all the items are equally important while in this paper the terms in each title are considered to be more important than others. Experiments showed that, the improved Naive Bayesian algorithm is more precise in the text classification. KeywordsText Classification; Naive Bayesian Algorithm; Theme text


IN THE first paragraph of his article Professor Burgess answers the question in the title by saying that social case records "should contain what will render them valuable for social case work; that and no more.'' At first glance I was inclined to agree with this answer, taking it as the statement of a limitation upon the usefulness of case records for research purposes. The rest of Professor Burgess' paper, however, carries the implication that usefulness for social case work is synonymous with usefulness for sociological interpretation, and in that I cannot entirely agree. Of course it is true that most thoughtful case workers are dissatisfied with present methods of record keeping for the purposes of social diagnosis and treatment, and it is perhaps also true that any improvement which results in a more accurate picture of the client's situation for treatment purposes will incidentally mean an improvement for purposes of sociological interpretation. But the reverse is not necessarily true; an improvement and particularly an addition of material for purposes of sociological interpretation does not necessarily meet the needs of case work. As used by the case worker, the ultimate purpose of a case record must be treatment based upon the needs of the individual case. It is according to these varying needs that the information and proportionate emphases in the record must be determined, and these emphases are not the same as they would be for research purposes. For instance, in a study of the causes and effects of divorce, case records designed for research purposes should contain reasonably complete information upon divorce whenever it is found. From the point of view of the case worker, however, in many cases the causes and effects of divorce may have receded so far into the background, or be so overshadowed by more important issues, as to receive comparatively little emphasis in the case record. To change that emphasis in order to increase the research values of the case record might throw out of gear the whole process of diagnosis and of treatment. Several years ago some of us were much disappointed to find that our case records revealed little of value on the social effects of prohibition. We should not have been disappointed. "Drinking" is not necessarily a major problem in all cases in which it is found. While it is true that had such records been more adequate for their natural purpose they would perhaps have revealed more information, to have padded them with all the information needed by the student of prohibition might often have meant an inversion or even a destruction of case work values. And so Professor Burgess' answer is too easy, if it means that all that case records need contain to make them of value for sociological interpretation is that which is also valuable for social case work purposes. I should rather modify or paraphrase Professor Burgess' statement thus: 'Sociological research should expect to find in social case work records only


An altarpiece in the Monastery of El Escorial is attributed to Niccolo Soggi because of its clear resemblance to the Adoration of the Shepherds painted by him for the church of Santissima Annunziata in Arezzo, and the work is identified with the documented commission he received in 1521 from the confraternity of Saint Peter Martyr in Prato.


Eyes on the Prize This year's Nobel Prize in Physics, awarded to Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou, recognizes their invention that enabled the development of femtosecond lasers. These lasers have...


This paper examines the effects of entrepreneurial downside risk insurance on the level and composition of the entrepreneurial pool and to a larger extent on unemployment, production and welfare. We build a rich theoretical framework combining occupational choice, heterogenous agents and incomplete markets to address our main policy concerns. Using CPS, SCF and SBO data, we match our economy to fundamental empirical elements on unemployment, entrepreneurship and mobility and provide contributions on the transition between occupations with respect to individual ability such as matching the U-shaped curve of the transition from worker to self-employed or the hump-shaped curve of the reverse transition. Depending on the downside risk insurance policy considered, we find that this insurance can have a significative impact not only on the level of entrepreneurship but also on the firm size in the entrepreneurial pool and production, although the impact on unemployment is modest.


In an earlier article, the fundamental factors aff~cting common stocks' price-earnings (PE) ratios were theoretically investigated [3]. The proposed "theoretical model" established that the determinants of PE ratios are operating return on assets (positive), systematic business risk (negative), and an ambiguous relationship with the dividend payout ratio, financial leverage, and the firm's tax rate. Functionally, the "theoretical model" follows:


Buying a safe for your home has often come with confusion about what type constitutes an adequate level of protection. Safes are rated by their cash ...


Abstract Probabilistic and statistical concepts are used to examine how the number of hail observing sites within a region affects the accuracy of estimates of 1) the mean point frequency of hail within the region, 2) the overall regional frequency of hail, and 3) the area covered by individual hailfalls. A practically useful relationship ν = Nā/A is first derived to connect the mean point frequency ν of hail within a region to the regional hail frequency N, to the mean area ā of the individual hailfalls and to the area A of the region. The error in estimating the mean frequency ν is found to increase as n−1/2, where n is the number of sites placed within a region. If within a region there are proportionally more large hailstorms or if most of the area covered by hail is commonly due to a few large hailstorms, then fewer sites will be needed to estimate the mean point hail frequency. Of the 16 hailfalls detected by the 660 km2 1976 National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE) network of 603 hailpad sites, ...


Delamination of muscovite induced by metal cations is a promising way to fine-tune properties of this mica material. For studies of delamination, the ITC-WGT institute has developed a method to intercalate polyvalent metal ions, like Cu 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ or Al 3+ into muscovite. This paper refers to X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of these samples at ANKA synchrotron radiation facility, Karlsruhe, Germany. At the XRF microprobe elemental distributions of Fe, K and Cu in copper charged platelets were mapped with high spatial resolution. Employing XRF in confocal mode allows distinguishing between Cu ions located at the surface and incorporated into the mica of a 40µm-60µm thick platelet. In order to look for potential exchange processes spatial correlations between Cu and the constituents of muscovite have also been analyzed. First results indicate that in the saturated state the concentration of Cu inside the platelet matches the concentration of the interlayer cation (K + ). High concentrations of Cu are found at the surface and in cracks in the sample. In order to enhance the depth resolution of the confocal XRF technique the measuring geometry has been varied and it can be demonstrated that the depth resolution can be substantially improved by a proper choice of the angle of incidence.


Abstract We propose to quantify the climate sensitivity of the mean specific balance B of a glacier by a seasonal sensitivity characteristic (SSC). The SSC gives the dependence of B on monthly anomalies in temperature and precipitation. It is calculated from a mass-balance model. We show and discuss examples for Franz-Josef Glacier (New Zealand), Nigardsbreen (Norway), Hintereisferner (Austria), Peyto Glacier (Canadian Rockies), Abramov Glacier (Kirghizstan) and White Glacier (Canadian Arctic). With regard to the climate sensitivity of B, the SSCs clearly show that summer temperature is the most important factor for glaciers in a dry climate. For glaciers in a wetter climate, spring and fall temperatures also make a significant contribution to the overall sensitivity. The SSC is a 2 × 12 matrix. Multiplying it with monthly perturbations of temperature and precipitation for a particular year yields an estimate of the balance for that year. We show that, with this technique, mass-balance series can be (re)constructed from long meteorological records or from output of atmospheric models.


The invention relates to a high-pressure cleaning device with a housing in which a pump and a drive motor are arranged, set by the pump pressurized fluid can be discharged via a high pressure hose and the high pressure hose is wound onto a hose drum rotatably mounted within the housing about a rotation axis and is led out of the back of the housing. In order to develop the high-pressure cleaning device in such a way that it has a shorter construction, the invention proposes that the axis of rotation of the hose drum is aligned parallel to the horizontal axis of the housing.


In Bangladesh rural-urban migration plays a significant role in rapid urbanisation where urban slums a favourite destination for poor migrants. The study mainly focuses on the analysis of the internal migration and the consequences of rural-urban migration on migrants' livelihood the case of poor migrants of Chittagong city, Bangladesh. The study exposes that predominantly migrants come from different districts of the country. This study analyses the attributes of migrants, motives behind migration, migrants' objective fulfilment and consequences of migration on migrants livelihood based on an assessment of 200 arbitrarily selected migrants' households. The study shows that better-earning opportunities, economic advancement were primitive motives for migration but in most cases, they only ensured their survival. Better living conditions with some civic amenities sometimes enriched their livelihoods which promote internal migration of Bangladesh. Plummeting imbalance and inequality between urban and rural areas be supposed to receive in burning concern to steady the rural-out migration. Keywords : Urbanisation, migrants, livelihood, economic advancement.


We found that integrin β1 subunit (INTβ1)‐immunoreactive Purkinje cells first appeared caudally at postnatal day (PD) 6 of rat and most Purkinje cells gradually became positive by PD 12. The expression of INTβ1 was then suppressed in some of these cells, so that the positive Purkinje cells in the adult were organized into parasagittal bands interposed by negative cells throughout the vermis and hemispheres. When Purkinje cells were deprived of their climbing fiber innervation by inferior cerebellar pedunculotomy or by transplantation of cerebellar anlagen into the anterior eye chamber, the subsequent patterning of INTβ1‐positive Purkinje cells was not changed. In both reeler and weaver mice, the INTβ1‐positive parasagittal bands were observed, however, the Purkinje cells in the staggerer mice did not express INTβ1 at any stage. These data suggest that the expression of INTβ1 in Purkinje cells is genetically programmed in the developing cerebellum, and that the afferent synaptic inputs by climbing and parallel fibers are not prerequisites for INTβ1 expression in Purkinje cells. Therefore, the unique distribution patterns of INTβ1‐positive Purkinje cells provides a new marker for postnatal development of rodent cerebella. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The influence of unnatural amino acid residues, i.e., β-alanine (β-Ala) and 4-aminobutyric acid (γ-Aba) residues, on the solubility of peptides containing them was studied in organic solvents. The difference between the solubilities of peptides containing β-Ala, γ-Aba, Pro, Gly, Leu, and Asp(OBzl) was investigated by the solvent titration method by use of IR absorption spectra. The order of their solubilities is as follows, peptides containing Pro > β–Ala > γ–Aba > Asp(OBzl) > Leu > Gly. The extreme high solubility of peptides containing Pro residues is explained by the concept of "Peptide Segment Separation" caused by the tertiary peptide bond of the Pro residue. The high solubility of peptides containing β-Ala or γ-Aba residues is believed to be due to the difference of the geometries of the Gly, β-Ala, and γ-Aba residues. Their effective concentration seemed to be less important than their geometry. The role of β-Ala and γ-Aba residues in the solubility of peptides is similar to the role of Pro residue...


An error in some of the literature on random sequences in regard to expected value for random is described, and correct values are indicated.


With L-Lysine as a controlling agent of calcium carbonate,PXRD and FT-IR are used to characterize the product,with SEM observing the shape of samples.The results show that the concentration of L-Lysine does not have an impact on polymorphs and the shape of calcium carbonate.


Since 2010, the level of urbanization in China has gradually improved, the urban population has increased rapidly, vehicles, especially private cars, have also increased rapidly, roads have become more and more dense, and road congestion has brought tremendous pressure to urban traffic.The multi-agent intelligent traffic control system is composed of a plurality of autonomous agents, and the agents communicate, cooperate and cooperate with each other, so that various problems caused by the change of the traffic flow to the control strategy of a intersection can be well solved, the traffic rate of the intersection can be improved to a certain extent, and the utilization rate of traffic road resources is improved. It reduces road traffic congestion, reduces energy consumption and exhaust pollution caused by road congestion, and shortens people's travel time.


Introduction: Children may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to any substance. Substance poisoning is one of the most important emergency interventions in children that cause a great number of deaths each year. Regarding the importance of this issue and recent increase in number of poisoning cases, a study with the aim of investigating cases of substance poisoning and factors involved in emerging them was carried out in Children Hospital of Tabriz.Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on hospitalized children with substance poisoning diagnosis during two years. The data was collected through referring to patients' case and using demographic information questionnaire and symptoms checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS 13, descriptive statistics, T test, chi- square and spearman tests.Results: During two years, 97 children with the mean age of 48 months were hospitalized due to substance poisoning. 59.3% of the study population consisted of boys and 40.7% of girls. Drowsiness, decreased level of consciousness, vomiting and pin point pupil were the most common symptoms recorded in children. The relationship between the type of substance and parents' addiction was statistically significant. However, there was no significant relationship between intentional and unintentional poisoning and parents' addiction.Conclusion: Non-specific package, unsafe keeping, and shortage of people's knowledge are among the most important factors involved in Methadone poisoning in children. Delivering clear information about the fatal effect of this drug on children by health- care personnel especially doctors seems necessary.


The layer is considered to be a row of rectangular cells each of which contains an averaged flow vortex. On the basis of the two-parametric model, the spatial distributions of turbulent characteristics and their dependence on the solution wave length and on the Grashof and Prandtl numbers are investigated.


The alternative concepts of reliability and resilience criteria of evaluation of water-resource systems are reviewed. The potential of the renewal theory is illustrated that covers many alternative criteria and suggests relations between them.


The invention relates to a method for smelting H2S corrosion resistant petroleum casing pipe steel 110S, which solves the problems that the prior smelting process has high requirements on raw materials, in particular low requirements on P and S in the raw materials, pure steel quality and the like. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining the steel grade of the H2S corrosion resistant petroleum casing pipe steel to be 110S and the steel number to be 27CrMoNbV; (2) using molten iron and crap steel as raw materials, wherein the P in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.120 percent and the S in the same is less than or equal to 0.050 percent, and the mixing ratio of the raw materials comprises 30 to 40 weight portion of the molten iron and 60 to 70 weight portion of the crap steel; (3) melting the raw materials in an electric arc furnace, adding lime and spraying 1.0 to 2.0 kg/T of carbon powder into the furnace before tapping, adding a deoxidizer and a ferroalloy in the process of tapping, wherein the addition of CaBaAlSi is between 4.0 and 4.5 kg/T and the addition of Al blocks is between 1.0 and 1.5 kg/T; (4) refining in an LF furnace: adding synthetic slag, adding CaC2, Ca-Si powder and Al powder in batches to perform diffusive deoxidation until the slag is white, and raising the temperature and adding alloy; (5) vacuum treatment: keeping the vacuum degree less than or equal to 67 Pa for more than 2 minutes until furnace slag does not have obvious frothing, and blowing argon to molten steel silently for more than or equal to 8 minutes after breaking vacuum; and (6) pouring.


Comparison between afforestation with stump and that with whole plant of Amorpha Fruticosa L.were undertaken,indicating that afforestation with stump planting had higher survival rate,faster shooting and more sprouts,and performed better for sand control,windbreak and soil and water conservation.


The morphological diversity of leaf of twenty-one ginkgo cultivars from six countries was studied in this paper. There were nine types of leaf shape in ginkgo cultivars. Significant differences were also found in leaf margin, leaf base, the number of lobes, leaf color. Cultivars ' Aut.' and ' Tub. ' were significant different from other cultivars and were classified in the same group by means of cluster analysis. The diversity of ornamental germplasm was also discussed in this paper.


Lolitrem-B is a neurotoxic substance that causes the ryegrass staggers syndrome in cattle, sheep, and horses consuming ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) infected with endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, Christensen, and Samuels) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin. Due to the increasing use of ryegrass pasture in southern Chile, it is necessary to know the content of lolitrem-B to optimize grazing management and reduce the effect on animal health. The objective of this study was to implement a method to determine lolitrem-B in ryegrass. Ryegrass samples were used without the endophyte, freeze-dried, and kept in darkness at -18 oC to establish the method. Then, a pure


This paper presents a numerical investigation of the coefficients used in the transition Reynolds equation model [1], which is applicable to the transition flow of thin films in long journal bearings. Calculations show that the overall coefficient A1 (Reh ) increases with the increase of Reynolds number, while the other overall coefficient A2 (Reh ) decreases with the increase of Reynolds number. A1 (Reh ) is always positive and A2 (Reh ) is always negative. The magnitude of both A1 (Reh ) and A2 (Reh ) is larger for the larger clearance ratio C/R at the same Reynolds number. The curves of A1 (Reh ) or A2 (Reh ) for different clearance ratios tend to collapse to one when Taylor number is used as the abscissa, particularly when Taylor number is less than 70. With these coefficients determined the model presented in [1] is fully usable.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Exchange bias (EB) phenomenon in ferromagnetic(FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) systems has attractedlots of attention because of its intriguing physics andtechnological importance in spin valve based magneticdevices [1–4]. After the FM/AFM bilayers are cooledunder an external magnetic field from high temperaturesto below the N´eel temperature of the AFM layers,the hysteresis loops are simultaneously shifted andbroadened [5]. FM/AFM bilayers are now commonlyintegrated in spintronic devices [6]. Nevertheless ma-nipulation and characterization of the AFM spins areimportant to understand and control the exchange biasphenomenon [7].Rotatable and frozen AFM spins are generally thoughtto be responsible for the coercivity enhancement andshift of the FM hysteresis loops [8–12]. Ohldag etal found that a nonzero AFM net magnetic moment∆m


Current efforts in systems genetics have focused on the development of statistical approaches that aim to disentangle causal relationships among molecular phenotypes in segregating populations. Model selection criterions, such as the AIC and BIC, have been widely used for this purpose, in spite of being unable to quantify the uncertainty associated with the model selection call. In this tutorial we illustrate the use of software implementing the causal model selection hypothesis tests proposed by Chaibub Neto et al. (2012).


The sovereign debt crisis in the European monetary union. The causes of the crisis: regulations & structure. The next steps towards a fiscal union. Portugal, a rush towards the euro. The Portuguese solution: a future for social-democratic politics?


The composite amino acids of pupa protein was prepared by the method of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis. N-stearyl composite amino acids is synthesized by the synthesis reaction of stearyl chloride reacting with composite amino acids. The optimum synthesis conditions were screened out by a uniform designed experiment of 4 factors and 6 levels. The results are as follows: stearoyl chloride∶ composite amino acids∶ acetone should be 1∶1.6∶2(v/v), pH11, reaction temperature 37 ℃ and the reaction time of 4 hours. The average production of N-stearyl composite amino acids is 70.56% under the optimum synthesis conditions. It shows good surfactant properties.


We propose a 60-GHz radial line slot antenna (RLSA), which is fed by a Butler matrix, for orbital angular momentum (OAM) applications. The Butler matrix is placed at the lower layer and it is based on a post-wall waveguide structure. It has four input ports and it can launch different progressive phase states in the RLSA parallel plate waveguide (PPW). The RLSA in the upper layer is fed by the Butler matrix through four posts. The simulated results show that, at the design frequency, the proposed antenna can generate three OAM-mode states: l = 0, −1 and +1.


We propose a strategy to demonstrate the transition from the quantum Zeno effect (QZE) to the anti-Zeno effect (AZE) by modulating the central frequency of the cavity mode. Our results are obtained without using the rotating wave approximation (RWA), and the initial state (a dressed state) is easy to prepare. When the central frequency of the cavity mode is resonant with the qubit energy level spacing, the normalized decay rate of the qubit is lower than 1, which manifests the QZE. However, when the cavity frequency is detuned from resonance, the normalized decay rate becomes larger than 1, which corresponds to the AZE. The change from the QZE to the AZE, by just varying the central frequency of the cavity mode, should allow to distinguish these two different effects. Moreover, we find that in the presence of both qubit's intrinsic bath and the cavity bath, the emergence of the QZE and the AZE behaviors relies not only on the match between the qubit energy level spacing and the central frequency of the cavity mode, but also on the coupling strength between the qubit and the cavity mode.