We investigate femtosecond pulse propagation in a medium containing nanorods, taking into account the dependence of two-photon absorption from the aspect ratio of nanorods. Using density matrix formalism, we derive a set of equations describing this process. We consider two cases: formation of a pure absorption grating and formation of both absorption and refraction gratings. Under weak absorption we discovered the acceleration of light or slowing of light (fast light or slow light) in comparison with light propagation in a linear medium. Using spatial-temporal analogy, one can see that this phenomenon is similar to the displacement of the laser beam center in the moving medium under thermal response or under thermal response and evaporation of clouds and fogs if the direction of their motion is perpendicular to the direction of the incident laser beam. We also found out the soliton formation under small nonlinear absorption on the dispersion length.


The effect of the sample extrusion temperature between 160° and 180°C on the elongational flow properties of a low molecular weight suspension PVC (unplasticized) has been studied with the Rheometrics Extensional Rheometer. The results of both the tensile creep measurements at a constant stress of 24 KPa and the stretching experiment at a constant strain rate of 0.01 sec−1 indicated the existence of a rheological transition at 185°C marked by the dual valued flow activation energy and also by the temperature dependence of the tensile stress-strain curves. Increasing extrusion temperature increased both the flow activation energy and the extensional viscosity below the transition temperature.


A report is presented on the power performance of deep submicron AIGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy. At 10 GHz, 70% power-added-efficiency (PAE) and 3 W/mm power density were demonstrated at a drain bias of 20 V. At 30 GHz, 31% PAE and 6.5 W/mm power density were achieved at a drain bias of 40 V.


A new procedure for the synthesis of transition metal sulfosalts in hydrothermal brines is presented. Large, well formed crystals of metal antimony sulfides can be prepared under appropriate conditions in supercritical brines. A new compound prepared by this method, MnSb 2 S 4 , is structurally characterized.


The utility model discloses a magnetic rotor structure in a magnetic pump. The magnetic rotor structure comprises a rotor seat (1), a magnetic block fixing ring (2), a magnetic block (3), partitioning pads (4a and 4b), a covering sleeve (5) and a covering sleeve baffle (6), wherein the outer-ring section of the magnetic block fixing ring (2) is an equilateral polygon; the inner end surface of the magnetic block (3) is a flat surface; the outer surface of the magnetic block (3) is an arc adopting the rotor axis as the radius; and the outer-ring surface of the magnetic block (3) is provided with the covering sleeve (5). The magnetic rotor structure disclosed by the utility model has the advantages that the structure is reasonable, the defects and the bad influence caused by gluing of the magnetic block (3) are effectively eliminated, and good anti-rotation effect is achieved to the magnetic block (3) by utilizing the positioning action of the polygon.


The beginning of 2022 was marked by the beginning of a special military operation in Ukraine, which led to the introduction of unscrupulous sanctions by Western countries, as well as the withdrawal of a number of global corporations from the Russian market. This article examines the period of the beginning of the suspension of investments in Russian projects by foreign investors, and also analyzes how effective public investments in state corporations are.


NEW MATERIAL: Compounds of formula I (R is a 1-4C alkyl, aryl or cyclopropylmethyl; R 1 is H, an aryl, 1-4C alkyl or R; R 2 is H or methyl; X is CH 2 or O; R 3 is a 1-8C alkyl, aryl 5-7C cycloalkyl, etc.; n is 0-2) and their acid addition salts. EXAMPLE: 2-Di-n-propylamino-8-thiomethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. USE: 5-HTIA Receptor having agonist effect useful for therapy of sexual function failure, anxiety, depression, alimentary disorder, etc. PROCESS: A compound of formula II is reacted with an alkyl lithium to obtain a corresponding 8-lithio compound, which is reacted with a compound of the formula R 3 -S-S-R 3 to obtain a compound of formula I in which n is 0. The compound is oxidized as required to a compound in which n is 1 or 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


In the course of orthodontic clinical findings, rotated and/or buc-cally or lingually dislocated first molars are often observed. For correcting such malpositions, different methods are at our disposal, such as a transpalatal or lingual arch, a headgear, a lip-bumper


The authors report measurement of the radio-frequency (RF) transport electromagnetic properties of chemical vapour deposition graphene over the direct current (DC) to 110 MHz frequency range at room temperature. Graphene on Si/SiO2 substrate was mounted in a shielded four terminal-pair (4TP) adaptor which enabled direct connection to a calibrated precision impedance analyser for measurements. Good agreement is observed for the DC four-probe resistance and the 4TP resistance at 40 Hz, both yielding R ≈ 104 Ω. In general, the apparent graphene channel electromagnetic properties are found to be strongly influenced by the substrate parasitic capacitance and resistance, particularly for high-frequencies f > 1 MHz. A phenomenological lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model is presented which matches the frequency response of the graphene 4TP impedance device over approximately seven decades of the frequency range of the applied transport alternating current. Based on this model, it is shown for the first time, that the intrinsic graphene channel resistance of the 4TP device is 'frequency-independent' with R G ≃ 105 Ω or sheet resistance of approximately 182 Ω/□. The parasitic substrate impedance of the device is found to be R P ≃ 2.2 Ω and C P ≃ 600 pF. These results suggest that our new RF 4TP method is in good agreement with the conventional DC four-probe method for measuring the intrinsic sheet resistance of single-atom thick materials and could potentially open up new applications in RF electronics, AC quantum Hall effect metrology and sensors based on graphene 4TP devices operating over a broad range of frequencies.


Objective To evaluate the factors of influence on the prognosis and survival rate in patients of primary hepatic cellular carcinoma(HCC) after interventional therapy.Methods 258 cases of HCC were treated with interventional therapy,the data of these cases and the survival rate were analysed.Results The prognosis in patients with HCC was relation to the hepatic function,therapeutic methods and accumulation of iodized oil by analysis of Cox Regression.The cumulative survival rate was different in HCC with different pathological type,different grade of hepatic function,with or without tumor embolus in portal vein,different cumulation of iodized oil and different therapetic methods,there was significance in statistics between most of them.Conclusion Cox Regression model can be used to analyse synthetically the factors that significantly affected the survival period in the patients with HCC.


A simple method is described for the preparation and use of stripping film of high quality for electron microscopic applications of autoradiography. The advantages of the method are: (a) uniform monolayers of emulsion are easily prepared with an inexpensive mechanical device and applied to thin sections on conventional grids; (b) both sides of grids can be coated with emulsion, permitting a potential doubling of sensitivity with, theoretically, no loss of resolution; and (c) large numbers of grids can be processed simultaneously, assuring identical conditions of development.


The invention belongs to the field of fine chemicals, and discloses a dendritic amphiphilic organic silicon oligomer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The organic silicon oligomer has a structure shown as a formula (1). The preparation method comprises the following steps: under N2 atmosphere, adding hydrogen-containing silicone oil, and raising temperature to reaction temperature T1; adding a catalyst, and dropwise adding aromatic olefin or cyclic olefin; raising the temperature; after the temperature is stable, controlling the temperature to reaction temperature T2; keeping heat and reacting; adding the cyclic olefin or straight-chain olefin; raising the temperature to reaction temperature T3; adding the catalyst, and keeping heat and reacting; adding unsaturated polyether, and supplementing the catalyst; keeping heat at temperature T4 and reacting; furthermore, adding organic amine hydrochloride and adding a solvent; stirring and reacting at temperature T5, and removing the solvent to obtain the dendritic amphiphilic organic silicon oligomer. A product provided by the invention has a relatively high refractive index, has a good dispersion effect in a water body system and an organic system, and can be used as a daily chemical raw material to be applied to related personal-care products. (The formula (1) is shown in the description).


The multiple combinations of the development variables, have generated in space and time different stages of evolution in the human society, and consequently different types and levels of tourism. While some territories have reached the phase of "tourism industry", others are merely at the beginning. Therefore some areas have experienced a slower economic development, thus unwillingly managing to preserve a patrimony that carries a great load of regional specificity. Other areas have reached the highest level of development, generating touristic activities on a large scale, but with multiple negative and positive implications on the human communities. This paper has as purpose to emphasize the essential aspects typical for the "tourism industry", in well developed spaces as references for the initiation of development strategies destined to spaces rich in primary touristic resources, but only at the beginning of the touristic road.


Structural, transport, and magnetoelectric (ME) properties of delafossite oxides CuCr1−xO2 with 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.10 were extensively investigated. The Rietveld refinement shows that the Cu-O bond length decreases with increasing Cr deficiency, indicative of the presence of a mixed valence state of Cu+/Cu2+ and an enhancement of the hybridization between Cu 3d and O 2p orbitals. As a result, it leads to a decrease of room-temperature resistivity by two orders of magnitude. The deduced effective moment for the Cr-deficient samples is larger than the one only taking into account the contribution from Cr3+ with S = 3/2. This demonstrates that Cu2+ is present in the Cr-deficient samples, giving rise to excess holes at the Cu site. Below TN(Cr) ∼ 24 K, the magnetocapacitance [e(H)−e(0)]/e(0) exhibits a distinct field dependence and deviates from the square of magnetization M2. These findings suggest that the ME coupling in CuCr1−xO2 with higher x is modulated by an increase of the spin fluctuations in the CrO2 triangu...


A creation system and method for creating routines for teaching comprehension are described. The system identifies the skill to be taught, determines one or more features for the identified skill and determines a sequence of routines based on the determined one or more features. A performance system and method for performing the determined routines are also described. The performance system identifies the skill to be taught, determines the sequence of routines for the skill and presents the sequence to the learners. The performance system also provides feedback to the learners for their responses and modifies the sequence of routines based of the learners' responses.


Educational policies addressing instruction may fail to acknowledge that effective instruction is not the same for all learners. We reviewed teacher evaluation systems across all states and the 25 largest districts to determine how states and districts approach the evaluation of special education teachers, a policy aimed at improving teaching effectiveness. We found that most states and districts did not provide guidance to schools for adapting evaluation systems for these teachers. Some states provided guidance on technical aspects of special education teacher evaluation, such as incorporating student achievement into special education teachers' scores. Districts were more likely to focus on instructional considerations. We discuss the implications of these findings for policies that aim to promote the use of effective instructional practices.


A novel real-time soft sensor based on a sparse Bayesian probabilistic inference framework is proposed for the prediction of melt index in industrial polypropylene process. The Bayesian framework consists of a relevance vector machine for predicting melt index and a particle filtering algorithm for soft sensor optimization. An online correcting strategy is also developed for improving the performance of real-time melt index prediction. The method takes advantages of the probabilistic inference and using prior statistical knowledge of polymerization process. Developed soft sensors are validated with ten public databases from UCI machine learning repository and real data from industrial polypropylene process. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of proposed method and show the improvement in both prediction precision and generalization capability compared with the reported models in literatures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45384.


A series of PtSnAl/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation and their catalytic performance was tested for propane dehydrogenation. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, BET, TEM, UV-vis DRS, NH3-TPD, O2-TPO, 27Al MAS-NMR, XPS and in situ Raman analyses. The addition of aluminum enhances the interaction of the Sn support and consequently stabilizes the oxidation state of Sn during the propane dehydrogenation reaction. The acid centers formed by aluminum addition show close contact with metal centers (Pt), which favors the synergistic effect of the bifunctional active centers. High catalytic performance over PtSnAl0.2/SBA-15 was obtained, and one-pass propane conversion and propene selectivity are 55.9% and 98.5%, respectively. Moreover, the in situ Raman results indicated the faster coke formation rate of PtSnAl0.4/SBA-15 than that of PtSnAl0.2/SBA-15, which may be accelerated by strong acid sites by excess aluminum addition.


The coronavirus epidemic first broke out in China in 2019 and spread around the world. Not only the signs, symptoms, and outcomes of the coronavirus in neonates, but also its vertical transmission risks are still unknown. This case series presents eight neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 and two neonates with this infection.


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Nassabein R, al khatib M, Abbas MH, youssef M, Amer D, et al. (2016) Polycythemia Vera with High Erythropoietin Level: Case Report. Int J Blood Res Disord 3:023 Received: June 22, 2016: Accepted: August 27, 2016: Published: August 30, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Nassabein R, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Nassabein et al. Int J Blood Res Disord 2016, 3:023


In this paper an approximate expression for the rst inverse moment of (1 ?) P t k=1 t?k ' k ' T k + t (1 ?)P 0?1 0 , where ' k is a Gaussian stationary vector process is derived. This generalized quadratic form is the estimate of the information matrix when using the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm with forgetting factor. This estimator is commonly used when estimating parameters in time-varying linear stochastic systems.


A 22 year old male patient presented with pyrexia of unknown origin (P.U.O.) which proved to be a case of tuberculosis of the liver. The case is reported with relevant discussion.


With rapidly developing microprocessor technology, we can anticipate an entire microcomputer being contained on a single, low-cost LSI chip. It will be technically and economically feasible to interconnect thousands or millions of these microcomputers to form a very large and powerful machine—a Mega-Micro-Computer (MMC). This paper defines a system of interlocking buses allowing dense message flow within an MMC. Each microcomputer shares two buses; each bus is shared by sixteen computers. There is a simple algorithm for optimal routing of messages. Data activity on each bus is analytically determined as a function of network size and the spatial distribution of messages between nodes. MMCs are about equally efficient whether connected by buses or by Pierce rings. For equal line costs, an MMC can allow 200 times denser message flow than a million computer network structured like Illiac IV.


This study describes a method of leak detection. The underdrive inhibition test—chest wall stimulation with external stimulator (ES)—was used for this purpose. Three cutaneous electrodes (CE) were applied: the first one above the indifferent electrode, the second one above the suspected leak location, and the third one above the active electrode. Two inhibition thresholds (IT) were measured: the first one connecting ES on first CE and second CE, and the second one connecting ES on first CE and third CE. The inhibition threshold is the value of ES output charge at which the inhibition of implanted pacemaker occurs. The relation between two Its, not the absolute value, is significant for leak estimation. The former should be at least five times higher than the latter, if there is no current leak. During the two years of follow‐up of 541 patients, 272 measurements were performed. In 52 cases the connector leak was found‐both ITs were approximately equal. Twenty‐seven cases were confirmed by surgery for EOL pacemaker replacement; the intrusion of body fluid was evident. Five operations were indicated because of the leak problem: two ‐ muscle twitching, one ‐ loss of capture, one ‐ undersensing, and one ‐ insulation break with lead fracture. The method, although approximate, is a reliable qualitative estimation of leak.


A numerical model of oxidative torrefaction of poultry litter in a pilot unit was developed. The model accounts for the process steps of biomass preheating in feed hopper, feeding of biomass into the reactor, applying flue gas as a fluidization medium, and electric heating of the reactor walls for additional heat supply. Following a "black box" approach, a major assumption of the model is that the behavior of the fluidized bed reactor is similar to a completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The properties of the particles and gas held inside do not depend on their location inside the reactor. During the process, the poultry litter biomass is heated to a predetermined temperature and begins to decompose, generating biochar and a gas phase (torgas), depending on the content of inert ash in biomass particles. Variable optimization in the model has been performed using Matlab software. The model estimates the optimal duration required for completion of the torrefaction process under various conditions: temperature, batch weight, reactor dimensions, etc. The model was validated using experimental data obtained from a series of torrefaction experiments performed in a fluidized bed, and provided reliable estimations of the duration of the process depending on the properties of the material, the size of the reactor and the portion of the material fed.


We study the P 4 -tidy graphs, a new class defined by Rusu [30] in order to illustrate the notion of P 4 -domination in perfect graphs. This class strictly contains the P 4 -extendible graphs and the P 4 -lite graphs defined by Jamison & Olariu in [19] and [23] and we show that the P 4 -tidy graphs and P 4 -lite graphs are closely related. Note that the class of P 4 -lite graphs is a class of brittle graphs strictly containing the P 4 -sparse graphs defined by Ho`ang in [14]. McConnel & Spinrad [2] and independently Cournier & Habib [5] have shown that the modular decomposition tree of any graph is computable in linear time. For recognizing in linear time P 4 -tidy graphs, we apply a method intoduced by Giakoumakis in [9] and Giakoumakis & Fouquet in [6] using modular decomposition of graphs and we propose linear algorithms for optimization problems on such graphs, as clique number, stability number, chromatic number and scattering number. We show that the Hamiltonian Path Problem is linear for this class of graphs. Our study unifies and generalizes previous results of Jamison & Olariu ([18], [21], [22]), Hochst¨attler & Schindler [16], Jung [25] and Hochst¨attler & Tinhofer [15].


Summary

The degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in a Roselle infusion (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), as assessed by visible absorption spectroscopy (absorbance at 520 nm), was verified (60–100 °C). The rate constants for absorbance retention were obtained from first-order reaction kinetic plots. Based on an Arrhenius-type model, the experimental data showed an energy of activation of 15.83 kcal mol−1 (66.22 kJ mol−1) and a Q10 value of 1.01. The obtained pattern allows to predict the retention of these antioxidant compounds as a function of temperature and time of thermal treatment.


A visual diagram is presented in this article to illustrate 6 key concepts of Adlerian theory discussed in corresponding narrative format. If is proposed that in an age of multimedia learning, a pictorial reference can enhance the teaching and learning of Adlerian theory, representing a commitment to humanistic education. Alfred Adler was a visionary. He envisioned human nature in concepts and images never before expressed by either his contemporaries or his predecessors. The positive and salutary perspective that he introduced was a refreshing alternative to the myopic, problem-oriented view held by disciples of classical psychoanalysis. Adler's theory has been described as "the forerunner of many other approaches to education, counseling, and therapy" (Sweeney, 1998, p. 38) and continues to be a captivating and an illuminating formulation of human behavior and potential, relevant in the new millennium (Watts, 2000). The visual encapsulation described in this article is intended to assist both teachers and learners of Adlerian theory and counseling to acquire and promote a holistic understanding of the foundational concepts. In addition, a visual illustration of Adlerian theoretical concepts seems consistent with Adler's own visual orientation and visionary endeavors. MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTION AS HUMANISTIC EDUCATION In an era of visual displays and interactive communication, multimedia instruction is now commonplace, if not a necessity (Mayer, 1997). The variety of teaching tools now available provide educators with the opportunity to customize instructional processes to the learning preferences of their students (Plass, Chun, Mayer, & Leutner, 1998) and to the particular goals of the course (Seaman, 1998). Such matching of teaching and learning styles is a form of humanistic education, that is, instruction adapting to student orientation rather than having students comply with a one-size-fits-all instructional model (Richards & Combs, 1992). The use of pictorial presentations represents a commitment to the principles of humanistic education. Furthermore, research from a variety of disciplines suggests that visual displays enhance the acquisition, integration, and retention of new material (Mayer, 1997; Paivio, 1986; Plass et al., 1998; Riding & Douglas, 1993). Counseling students may, therefore, find the visual encapsulation of Adlerian theory helpful in their process of integrating, retaining, and applying various terms and concepts. ILLUSTRATED PRINCIPLES OF ADLERIAN THEORY The following sections are intended to represent the key principles of Adlerian theory. Each section corresponds to the images depicted in the accompanying Adlerian pictorial (see Figure 1). Neither the verbal (i.e., written text) nor the visual presentations are intended to capture in entirety the key components of Adlerian theory. They represent an introduction to the distinctive attributes of this model. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Holistic and Humanistic Perspective The first image to notice in the drawing is that of the individual, who has been placed deliberately at the center of the pictorial. According to Adler, the individual is a whole entity, a composite being, not a collection of parts thrown together and reduced to such names as "ego," "superego," and "id." Each human being, therefore, is to be viewed in his or her entirety as a uniquely configured person who thinks, feels, and behaves as a unified whole. The arrows in the picture drawn in a circular fashion around the individual are intended to emphasize the holistic concept that each individual is a unified, indivisible being. Adler's use of the term individual psychology reflected his belief in the unity, indivisibility or irreducibility, and self-consistency of each human being (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1967). The term first appeared in written form in 1913 and was used to emphasize Adler's belief that "psychological processes and their manifestations can be understood only from the individual context and that all psychological insight begins with the individual" (Hoffman, 1994, p. …


This study investigated the effects of two intermittent task parameters on muscle fatigue, namely cycle time and force level variation. Of particular interest was whether a constant low-level underlying force would contribute to fatigue. Twelve students participated in four experimental conditions, each lasting 8 minutes. Participants repeatedly performed intermittent isometric exertions of biceps brachii at two cycle times (5 or 10 seconds), and two force levels, varying either between 0% and 50%max isometric force or between 10% and 40%max force. These parameters and a duty cycle of 0.5 ensured a mean force exertion of 25%max for all conditions. Muscle fatigue was inferred from local Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), maximum force and EMG(RMS). Significant (p<0.05) increases in RPE and EMG(RMS), and reductions in maximum force overtime indicate fatigue development during all conditions. Conditions with force levels varying between 10% and 40%max force showed significantly greater RPE and EMG(RMS) recordings, but only marginal reductions in maximum force (p=0.350), compared to conditions with force varying between 0% and 50%max force. Cycle time did not significantly influence fatigue development since no significant changes occurred for RPE, maximum force or EMG(RMS). These results show accelerated fatigue development under conditions with a constant underlying force, despite the lower maximum exertion level, and irrespective of cycle time. Work involving intermittent static force exertions should thus include periods of complete relaxation between exertions to prevent the early onset of muscle fatigue. Keywords : Muscle fatigue, submaximal isometric exertions, intermittent tasks, cycle time, constant underlying force.


Pharmacokinetics and safety of salazosulfapyridine were studied using 18 healthy male subjects. Salazosulfapyridine (SASP), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine (SP) degraded from SASP in large intestine, N4-acetyl-SP (Ac-SP), N4-acetyl-5'-OH-SP (AcOHSP) and N4-acetyl-5'-OH-SP-o-glucuronide (AcSP-Gluc) as SP-metabolites and acetyl-5-ASA (Ac-5-ASA) as metabolite of 5-ASA, were examined by means of HPLC. 1) Single-dose study: In the groups dosed at 500, 1, 000, and 2, 000 mg of SASP respectively, tmax was 5. 69-6. 88 hr, t1/2 was 3. 23-4. 01 hr, and excretion into urine was 3-8% ; thus, absorption of SASP through gastrointestinal tracts was considered to be low (less than 10%). Between the groups dosed at 1, 000 and 2, 000 mg respectively, an increase of dose-correlative Cmax and AUC was not noted, suggesting a possibility that absorption is saturated at the higher level of dosage. The tmax of SP delayed to 12. 45-16. 82 hr, while t1/2 was 6. 10-7. 69 hr and excretion into urine was 34. 6-71. 5% respectively. In all the groups, concentrations of Ac-SP were higher than those of SP, which showed that all the subjects in this study had very good metabolic reactions. Recovery of 5-ASA from feces was about 45%. Dosage after meals revealed delayed tmax and reduction of Cmax and AUC in both SASP and SP. 2) Multiple-dose study: Pharmacokinetic parameters of SASP on the 8th day under the multiple-dose study for 8 days revealed an increase of Cmax (8. 17 vs 11.52 μg/ml), and AUC (47.98 vs.83.36 μg/hr/ml) compared with that df the first day, but no change was noted in tmax (5.17 vs. 5.98 hr), t1/2 (2.90 vs. 3.00 hr), and kei (0.24 vs. 0.25 hr-1). Steady-state in the serum SASP concentration was reached approximately within 4 days. No accumulation of SP was noted after 8 days of administration. Concentration of total SP metabolites (Ac-SP+AcOH-SP+AcSP-Gluc) indicated values 4 to 5 times higher than that of SP, but 72 hr after the final administration nearly all of them were eliminated out of blood. No special change in clinical laboratory test was noted except two cases exceeding the normal level of GPT upon the test. As the clinical symptoms, gastrointestinal findings such as discomfort in the stomach (1 case) and lower abdominal pain (1 case) as well as mucocutaneous findings such as stomatitis (2 cases) were noted, none of which, however, were serious. From these results of pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerance of the enteric coated tablet of salazosulfapyridine in Japanese healthy subjects, it is indicated that the next clinical trial can proceed.


Based on the oxidation of 1,5-naphthalenediol (4) and 6-bromo-2-naphthol (9) via Teuber reaction, an efficient synthesis of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-naphthol (1) and 5,6-dimethoxy-2-naphthol (2) was achieved with high overall yield (16% for 1 and 25% for 2). The key steps of the synthetic strategy involved the oxidation of naphthols (4 and 9) to the corresponding naphthoquinones (5 and 10) and the conversion of 5,6-dimethoxy-2-naphthaldehyde to 5,6-dimethoxy-2-naphthol formate through Baeyer-Villiger oxidation-rearrangement.


About 25% of college students report experiencing academic consequences due to the consumption of alcohol. Outside of the effect drinking has on one's academics it is essential to consider what such behaviors contribute to adolescent neurological functioning. The frontal lobe is responsible for emotions, motor functioning, problem solving, and memory. Through the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), researchers have been able to reliably measure nonverbal fluency within the frontal lobe. If student drinking is related to frontal lobe functioning, then this should be revealed by RFFT scores. Indeed, a negative correlation between drinking and RFFT performance was observed. These results suggest that alcohol may negatively affect essential frontal lobe functioning among college students.


It is proposed to study the interactions of neutrons with neutral vector mesons through the process of radiative production of V mesons in colliding e/sup +/e/sup -/ beams with their subsequent decay into a neutrino pair. It is shown that the process e/sup +/e/sup -/..--> gamma..+V..--> gamma..+nu-bar..nu.. is a promising one for the experimental investigation of neutrino interactions with the most masssive vector mesons. The results are generalized to an arbitary decay channel of the vector mesons.


Photography and photo archives are interwoven into the development of the history of art as a discipline. The role of photographs to document works of art and the medium's accepted veracity helped to form the ideal symbiotic relationship with the growing discipline of art history. But while art history has flourished into the 21st century, photo archives have often been seen by many as a relic of the past; an outdated mode of research. Indeed, it is easy to view photo archive collections as dusty artifacts, rows upon rows of boxes smelling slightly of emulsion and fixative. However, today the understanding of the importance of photo archives has evolved into a very nuanced conception. Almost ten years to the day since the Florence Declaration in 2009 proposed recommendations for the preservation of analogue photo archives and affirmed the 'inescapable value of analogue photographs and archives for the future of the arts, social sciences and humanities',1 our awareness of the multivalent potential for research using these archives has never been greater. The rapid development of digital humanities tools and methods has made this moment extremely significant for photo archives. Costanza Caraffa has referred to photo archives as ecosystems – 'photographic archives are open, dynamic and complex systems formed by organisms of different kinds which have a reciprocal action among each other and with their surrounding environment. . .'2. This view of the photo archive ecosystem as a living, changing and evolving entity impacting other disciplines seems particularly apposite to this issue of Art Libraries Journal. The articles in this issue examine many of the varied environments of photo archives: the PHAROS consortium and its goals for open access; the 'whys' of photo digitisation as well as the 'hows'; the underlying metadata, data models and Linked Open Data techniques that could allow for unprecedented modes of discovery and analyses; a close look at the historical aspects of a photo archive collection and its potential as a rich primary source, and the mobilisation of an army of volunteers to complete a digitisation project. In all cases, these articles reaffirm the intrinsic value of photo archival research while exploring technology's potential to answer new and unanticipated research questions across the extensive photo archives ecosystem.


Background: The rapid advancement of science and new technologies has brought wide-range changes in all professions, leading to the emergence of new concepts, including professionalism. This study aimed to explain the concept of professionalism from the perspective of surgical technologists. Methods: The present study was a qualitative one with conventional content analysis. A total of 11 surgical technologists were selected using purposive sampling method based on data saturation. Data were then collected using in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman's approach. Results: In data analysis, three main themes including professional attitude, professional mastery, and holistic professional care as well as seven subthemes were extracted from the data. Conclusion: According to the findings, professionalism indicates the type of attitude of the operating room nurses towards the profession as well as the degree of their mastery in providing professional care to patients.


Method for production of a prosthetic ligament (1), for the replacement of a natural joint ligament, having a global cylindrical form and including a medial intra-articular sec tion (3) between two intra-osseous end parts (2). The method includes a step of the rolling or folding on itself of a web of synthetic polymer fibres, followed by a step of installation of a traction thread (5) to each of the ends (4) of the ligament (1), then a step of placing a tip (6) on the ends (5), characterized in that the placing of the tip (6) includes producing a radial ligature (60) of the ligament (1) provided with the traction threads (5), by of a ligature thread (7).


The present invention relates to a drilling fluid with anti-temperature viscosity reducer, is the result of the copolymerization, sulfonation reaction is made from natural humic acid with an organic silicon compound, humic acid reducing agent adsorbed on the edge of the clay particles, clay particles increased water properties, clay particles break edge - edge, edge - binding surface, binding the organosilicon compound, the break between the polymer structure and polymer clay particles, mention complete elimination of polymer intrinsic viscosity. The anti-temperature viscosity reducing agent for a variety of water-based drilling mud system, good viscosity reducing effect, the fluidity improving effect is remarkable drilling, having excellent resistance to high temperature, salt tolerance, water sensitive formation inhibiting expansion, collapse and so on. In the high solid, high-density drilling process, stable, low static gel strength of the drilling fluid, the drilling does not affect the recovery, use less, low cost, long action of mud to maintain, less maintenance, and non-toxic, non-polluting, non-toxic and can decompose in the natural environment.


Stenosis in the internal carotid arteries is a serious cardiovascular condition. It is well-reported that low and oscillatory wall shear stress enhances the risk of stenosis progression. However, the effects of increased heart rates in highly stenosed arteries are not well explored. A detailed understanding of the flow features and stress distribution in stenosed carotid arteries at different heart rates may help clinicians to prescribe better exercise schedules for patients. In this study, we probe the effects of elevated heart rates on the hemodynamics in healthy and stenosed carotid arterial geometries using an immersed boundary method-based computational framework. Our results reveal that a strong recirculation, secondary velocity, and oscillatory shear index (OSI) zone develop inside a severely stenosed carotid artery at normal heart rate. Higher heart rates may potentially improve arterial health by reducing OSI only for the healthy and mild stenosis carotid arteries. However, the increased heart rates worsen the arterial health of severely stenosed arteries by onsetting flow instabilities, enhancing the spread and severity of the recirculation zone and the magnitude of the secondary velocity, the pressure drops across the stenosis, and the spread of high OSI (≥0.2) zone downstream. Furthermore, in the case of severe stenosis, the wall shear stress at the stenosis throat rises significantly, which can contribute to plaque rupture and thrombus development. Here, we report in detail the behavior of stress levels and pressure fluctuations in the carotid artery model at different stenosis levels for normal and elevated heart rates.


The invention discloses a quartz tailing autoclaved aerated concrete building block and a preparation method thereof. The quartz tailing autoclaved aerated concrete building block comprises: by weight, 70 to 75% of quartz tailing, 10 to 15% of lime and 10 to 15% of cement. The preparation method of the quartz tailing autoclaved aerated concrete building block solves the problem that stacked quartz ore occupies a land source. The preparation method is an integrated resource utilization project greatly popularized. Through the preparation method, the quartz tailing has the fineness less than 20% and satisfies technological requirements without grinding.


Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in plasma of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods Twenty-five hospitalized patients with KD in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from February to August 2012 were enrolled in the study.Fifteen healthy children at the same age were selected as the control group.The concentrations of PGE2,cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2),hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1),nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in plasma were analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) before and after IVIG treatment.The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR were used to evaluate the expressions of COX-2,HO-1,Nrf2,interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α in peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte/macrophage cells (MCs) before and after IVIG treatment.Results The expressions of PGE2,COX-2,IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with acute KD were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05),but the expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After the IVIG treatment,the expressions of PGE2,COX-2,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) whereas the expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05) in patients with acute KD.Conclusion PGE2 plays an important role in immune status,inflammatory response and oxidative stress of KD patients.The IVIG treatment might regulate PGE2 expression in patients with KD through regulating COX-2/HO-1/Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Key words:
Kawasaki disease; Prostaglandin E2; Cyclooxygenases-2; Hemeoxygenase-1; Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2


Culture and traditions represent strong subjective criteria that determine the role of women in society. A conservative value system tends to restrict their active participation in the labour market and confine their efforts to more traditional household chores and family responsibilities.


People are now more health-conscious to live safe and hazard-free lives in modern society. If people are affected by any disease, choosing doctor services and medicines involves many complex decisions. Generic drugs seem to be a significant and well-known source of competition for labelled drugs, but they can likewise be a major idea for lowering costs in the pharmaceutical industry. This might result in savings for either the government or the patients. Given this perspective, it is critical to understand a patient's preferences amongst both drug kinds (brand and generics) as well as to discover what are the attitudes of patients on those and whether this impacts the actual behaviour and purchases in future because of their satisfaction levels. In this context, this paper is an early effort to investigate patients' attitudes and their effect on their level of satisfaction and switching intention in the pharmaceutical industry (i.e., generic and brand choices).
Responses were collected from 537 patients residing in different cities of Odisha state of India by survey method and analysis. In line with the study's results, patient satisfaction and switching intentions were positively affected by their attitude. In addition to patient pleasure, introducing generic drugs creates competition, which is necessary for originator businesses to innovate. Because of their lower costs and the competition, they foster, generic medications contribute to constructing a more sustainable healthcare system.
*(The paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Embracing Change & Transformation Innovation and Creativity 26-28 May 2022)


Detailed time-resolved measurements of the electron densities and temperatures in a high-density helium plasma generated in a theta-pinch discharge are reported (electron density similar, equals 5 × 1017 cm-3, temperature similar, equals 55 000 °K). In the later stages of the discharge the electron temperatures are estimated from both the parent helium radiation and from the radiation emitted by the successive ionization stages of the principal impurity, namely silicon, using a simplified collisional-radiative model. The two estimates of the temperature are in close agreement. The relative collisional-radiative ionization and recombination rates of the Si IV ion are deduced from the experimental data and are compared with theoretical estimates. Finally, the relative absorption oscillator strengths of some of the principal Si III and Si IV transitions in the visible spectrum based on the Coulomb approximation are shown to be consistent with the experimental values except for the Si III 3d 3D-4p 3P transition.


This paper presents a new symbol-matrix-based jigsaw-puzzle algorithm for image reconstruction. The proposed algorithm first calculates the compatibility metric using the SSD (Sum of Squared Distance Scoring) between adjacent pieces. Then the algorithm constructs a matrix to express the location relationship of pieces followed by constructing a symbol matrix to record the number and rotations of pieces. Finally, we use a greed algorithm to reconstruct the images. The proposed algorithm does not require any preset conditions and can reconstruct the images rapidly. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can accurately reconstruct the images with 28% speed-up in execution time. The results also show that it's very effective to reconstruct the puzzles with missing pieces, which is a useful feature for applications such as artifact reconstruction, biological information reconstruction and incomplete crime-scene reconstruction.


The costs of water conservancy projects are changing prodigiously in different years, because of the complexity of project inputs and the rapid developments in our country's macroeconomic environment in recent several decades. There are many incomparable elements in project investment or cost analysis in macro programming on account of the limitation of the technology data and workload, therefore, large errors may happen and the reliability of the analysis results will be decreased. The calculating method of the comparable costs in water conservancy projects is put forward in this paper. It reflects the characteristics of project investments and macroeconomic background. It includes the calculation method of the price adjustment coefficient of project capital assets, the calculation method of projects' anticipated dynamical capital values, and so on. The method presented in the paper has the following merits. Firstly, the data needed are easily gotten. Secondly, the calculation load is relatively small, and the precision can satisfy to meet the general requirements of economic analysis in planning period. The results about the comparable costs in many water resources projects we calculated are satisfactory.


Jiujiang section is "most rich in tourist resources and most beautiful in landscape",based on geologic genesis,the geologic tourist resources include:landform resources,water body resources and geologic resources,forming key tourist spots of Lushan,Poyang lake,Longgong carve. Based on an analysis of the present situation of the geologic tourist resources along the Jiujiang region,the author put forward some suggestions on continuous development of geologic tour resource.


The second workshop on intelligent healthy interfaces (HEALTHI), collocated with the 2022 ACM Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) conference, offers a forum that brings academics and industry researchers together and seeks submissions broadly related to the design of healthy user interfaces. The workshop will discuss intelligent user interfaces such as screens, wearables, voices assistants, and chatbots in the context of accessibly supporting health, health behavior, and wellbeing.


The n-typed AlGaN/GaN superlattices of GaN-based blue-violet diode doped with indium was investigated by using high-resolution X-ray diffraction(XRD) and atomic force microscopy(AFM).Rocking curves of seven planes were investigated:(0002),(1011),(1012),(1013),(1014),(1015)and(2021),respectively.XRD analysis by Williamson-Hall plot was employed to investigate the threading dislocation.It was found that n-typed AlGaN/GaN super lattices can reduce more threading dislocation than common n-typed ones in GaN-based blue-violet laser diodes.The results are in good agreement with the study using AFM.


Biotin belongs to the water-soluble B vitamin group. It is an essential co-enzyme for the activation of a range of carboxylase enzymes. These enzymes play vital roles in cellular fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Biotin deficiency has been associated with feeding grain-based diets to cattle by reducing rumen pH and compromising ruminal biotin synthesis (Fitzgerald et al. 2000). A feedlot experiment was conducted over 400 days to determine the effects of biotin supplementation at 3 levels (0, 10, 20 mg/hd/d) on the growth, health and meat quality of F1 Wagyu-Black Angus steers. The effect of biotin supplementation on some blood metabolites was investigated.


Although it is evident that measuring the myocardial contraction of clinical cases offers several important informations, the methods usually need surgical procedures and their applications are strictly limited. For example, movements of roentgenopaque markers sutured to the external surface of the ventricles of the patients, were observed cineradio graphically in the postoperative period.1 We have reported several findings obtained by recording the myocardial contraction of clinical cases utilizing transcatheter method2,3 (after Bing et al4). The method consists of inserting a pair of prongs equipped with strain gauges into the right ventricular muscles and recording the myocardial con traction of the human hearts under unanesthetized, physiological conditions. On the other hand, this method has some restrictions as already reported. One of the most important problems is the fact that the measurements of the myo cardial contraction are restricted to a localized area of the ventricle. Hence, it is necessary to study the relations between the local myocardial contraction and the contraction of the ventricle as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this problem on the results of animal experiments.


Multi-antenna systems provide the option to enha nce the data rates and to improve the overall syste m performance. Therefore it is important that the tra nsmitter provides high signal accuracy for all diff erent signal branches. On the one hand high signal accuracy can be reached by employing expensive, high-end analog frontends. On the other hand a more cost efficient solut ion might be a low cost analog front-end in combina tion with digital, software-based pre-adjustment algorithms t o guarantee high precision output signals. A direct conversion transmitter analog front-end architectur e for an OFDM multi-antenna system will be proposed an analog filter imperfections are compensated based o n a digital filter pre-equalizer. Because of the di rectconversion technique it is important to combine the pr -equalizer with a digital IQ sample estimator, which derives the IQ values from the envelope signal with out a down-modulation process. This paper provides a mathematical and architectural description and simu lation results of the software-based IQ estimation and filter pre-equalizer. Index Terms – Multi-antenna, MIMO, OFDM, direct conversion, fi lter pre-equalization, IQ estimation


ABSTRACT Objectives: Experience of a major disaster can potentially impact on tobacco consumption. Our objective was to explore the determinants of increasing tobacco consumption after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Miyagi Prefectural Health Survey 2014: a total of 2632 people were randomly selected from residents aged ≥20 years in Miyagi, Japan. Of 2443 respondents (response rate = 92.8%), 551 current smokers (411 men) were included in the analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for increasing tobacco consumption were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models including variables of age, sex, disaster-related job status change, education status, self-rated health, and age at smoking initiation. Results: After adjustments for all variables, significantly higher ORs for increasing tobacco consumption after the GEJE were observed in women (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.10–3.15), 20–39 years old (OR = 5.18; 95% CI = 2.28–11.75), 40–59 years old (OR = 3.97; 95% CI = 1.76–8.94) and respondents who had lost their jobs (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.06–11.05) than the counterpart categories. Conclusions: This study found 3 determinants of increasing tobacco consumption after a major disaster: being a woman, being of working age, and experiencing disaster-related job loss.


Industrial international competitiveness is an important branch in the research field of international competitiveness. This paper first reviews the origin of international competitiveness through listing the different points of view of different scholars and analyzing their similarities and differences. Then this paper makes a study of the definition of industrial international competitiveness from six aspects, such as the background elements, the resources elements, the market elements, the process elements, the advantages elements, and the results elements, which lay the foundation for the further study.


This paper reviews the major point of the balance urban and rural development theory,and discusses its significance.Beginning from the development of the real estate industry and the system of having land in China,the paper analyses the reason of the issue about the house of disintegrated property right.At last it tables some proposal to solve the issue according the theory.


This article presents a brief survey of Digital down Converter (DDC) architecture and its extensive applications. The distinctive feature of the DDC architecture is its frequency translation from real data signal at an intermediate frequency to a complex baseband signal at zero frequency. The architecture of DDC comprises of Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) and decimation filters. The components of ultra efficient DDC architecture have been implemented in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. This down converter provides high malleability, customizability and bearable cost. Due to its amenities, digital down converter was utterly studied and applied in many wireless communication technologies.


Few were surprised when the NBER's Business Cycle Dating Committee announced on December 1, 2008, that the U.S. economy was in recession. However, what may have surprised some observers is that the committee dated the last business cycle peak, and hence the beginning of the recession, to December 2007.


This pilot-study aimed to assess a psychoeducational program for staff in care homes. The program was designed to increase knowledge regarding dementia care, promote skills to integrate motor and multisensory stimulation in daily care, and develop coping strategies to manage emotional work-related demands. Six staff members received eight psychoeducational sessions held fortnightly and individualized assistance during the provision of morning care to six residents with dementia. An audio-recorded focus group interview with staff and video recordings of residents' behavior during morning care were made and used to assess the program. Staff reported several benefits: acquisition of new knowledge; demystification of preexisting beliefs related to dementia; group cohesion; self-worth feelings; and positive coping. A trend towards improvements at residents' levels of interaction was found. The findings suggest the need of interventions to go beyond the objectives exclusively centered on staff education and the promotion of residents' well-being. This should be achieved by also allowing workers to feel supported and empowered.


At present, object tracking algorithms based on deep learning have been widely used in the computer vision industry and has great application value. In this paper, we track the tooth, which has the problem of poor texture and high similarity, with the object tracking algorithm. In general, previously existing single object tracking algorithms are derived from the siamese network architecture. These algorithms have the problem of losing a tracked object with poor textures and high similarities. In order to address the issue of object loss, we put forward a novel coarse-to-fine siamese network (CFSN) for tooth object tracking. The coarse detection network is based on the features extracted by the Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) and the Region Proposal Network (RPN). The fine detection network has a similar structure to the coarse detection network, and the main purpose is to fine-tune the results of the previous stage. Based on the coarse-to-fine network, a framework of multi-task is proposed, that is, the mask prediction branch is added to the fine detection network, which lead to significant improvements in tracking efficiency. Through the comprehensive experimental evaluation of the tooth dataset, we find that the CFSN model is more effective in tracking tooth objects than the existing methods.


This research was conducted to identify factors contributing to start-up performance. In a knowledge-based economy, start-ups in technology can significantly contribute to the development of the economy and society. However, study about the performance of technology startup fragmented into several domains such as Information Technology, Information System, Business and Management, and another domain. Moreover, the performance of established firms and start-ups is quite different. Therefore, a study about their performance is needed. The semi-systematic literature review method was used to collect and select articles that study startup performance from leading publishers. 4,063 articles were screened and selected so that there were 42 articles analyzed in this study. With descriptive analysis, found as many as 58 factors that affect performance. The most studied factors are at the organizational level, especially strategy and capability. This research provides scientific contributions, especially in strategic entrepreneurship, and provides managerial implications for startup managers in identifying factors that affect startup performance.


wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains estrogenic chemicals that may disrupt normal endocrine function in animals. These chemicals may threaten uses of reclaimed water in Arizona and the health of ecosystems that the water supports. New advanced WWTPs may remove these chemicals more effectively but more information is needed. Sensor technology to provide rapid, field-ready, inexpensive testing of these chemicals in wastewater is also needed.


Oxide-First-Metal-Last (OFML) approach was developed and implemented for surface electrode ion trap after different fabrication approaches evaluation. Surface electrode ion trap was fabricated on the high resistivity wafer after lithographic process optimization and metal electrode corrosion troubleshooting. Less than l0E-12A leakage current between surface electrodes was achieved when swept voltage from -l00V to l00V.


The three-piece truck remains the truck of choice for essentially all freight cars in North America. The historic roots of the three-piece truck are discussed. Definitions of the terminology are proposed for the three-piece truck and who is the designer, supplier and assembler of the truck. The conventional truck of the 1950s and 1960s is being displaced by a more modern truck as increased operating speeds, enhanced ride quality and operating cost reductions drive improvements. In the 1990s, the demands for weight reduction, increased loads on the 100 ton truck and increasing car mileage require additional enhancements to the three-piece truck. Several truck designs are being considered by American Steel Foundries (ASF) for future three-piece trucks. Continued development of radial trucks, a new family of 110 ton (286 k lb. gross rail load) trucks, a new variable damped suspension system building on the proven reliability of the ASF Super Service Ride Control suspension and a locked adapter with decoupled lateral (LADL) truck are described in this paper. In summary, this paper contains a brief history of the three-piece truck evolution which focuses upon the truck and suspension designs. The genesis in the arch bar truck is reviewed and the development of the three-piece truck to date is discussed. Finally, some future truck designs are disclosed.


For graphs F and H, we say F is Ramsey for H if every 2‐coloring of the edges of F contains a monochromatic copy of H. The graph F is Ramsey H‐minimal if F is Ramsey for H and there is no proper subgraph F′ of F so that F′ is Ramsey for H. Burr et al. defined s(H) to be the minimum degree of F over all Ramsey H‐minimal graphs F. Define Ht,d to be a graph on t+1 vertices consisting of a complete graph on t vertices and one additional vertex of degree d. We show that s(Ht,d)=d2 for all values 1


Government credit is under research after market credit,persernal credit,bank credit and social credit. Among them, government credit is the most important and other credits benefit from government credit. Qulitative analysis about government credit is well-known, but quantitative analysis of government credit is seldom made . In this paper,a government credit model is constructed to survey the significance of government credit.


Abstract In present-day power systems, fast and accurate frequency estimation has become vital. Any mistake in accurate estimation of frequency could lead to system operation problems or system instability. Fast and accurate frequency estimation has become even more important due to the increasing level of harmonics and distortions and the need to be able to control the system more precisely. The level of system harmonics is increased in modern power systems. In addition, the presence of outside inference and noise coming from the environment and instruments are unavoidable. Accuracy of frequency estimation algorithms would be improved considerably if the effect of harmonics could be reduced and the signal noise diminished. In this article, a new combined scheme for estimating the frequency of a power system is presented and analyzed. The proposed method is based on a combination of the least square and zero crossing methods. An appropriate wavelet signal de-noising scheme is applied as well. Some post-processing units are also considered to modify the calculated results. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using different data. Various tests using simulated samples and real data recorded from a power system are performed, and capabilities of the proposed algorithm are investigated. The obtained results confirm the capabilities of the proposed method.


A unific helical field as geometric structure in a cylindrical space is proposed which is capable of determining attributes inherent to point-like particles. An operational discussion on transition between our observational space and the warped infinitesimal space is expanded. It is seen that the rotational eigenvalue equation, which is satisfied by vector field equivalent to a Gromeka-Beltrami flow subject to fluid and plasma physics, provides a spatio-unifier that sustains complex orthogonal coupling between a rotational, internal coordinate space and angular momentum space. Self-consistent normalization of the rotational coordinate owing to the unifier is shown to be responsible for the renormalization in quantum electrodynamics (QED). For the demonstration, a numerical value corresponding to the fine-structure constant is derived from theoretical analysis involving the rotational eigenvalue that charged leptons should refer to. It is found that the eigenstates of the fields having helical mirror-asymmetry are reflected in parity violation in beta-decay, and also, the chiral eigenstates of the lowest order even mode exhibit affinity for gravitational interaction. This study is essential for going beyond the standard model and elucidating origin of space-time.


The article is devoted to consideration of mechanisms for improving professional growth and enhancing the effectiveness of educational organizations leaders, among which are certification, monitoring effectiveness of educational organizations leaders, system of in-service training aimed at solving professional problems and needs of this contingent, including a set of effective models. The necessity of introducing the target model for certification of leaders, the goals and objectives of monitoring and its potential in ensuring the quality and efficiency of management personnel are substantiated. The role and possibilities of in-service training system in improving the "innovative potential"  an educational organization leaders are analyzed. Specific examples of models for the development of leaders' qualifications (including a personalized model, cascade or facet models, a horizontal learning model) are given.


Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is commonly subgrouped into HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFrEF). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of all-HF have identified few ...


The utility model relates to an invisible attached type low height guide rack, which comprises four support steel piles arranged in a rectangular shape, wherein horizontal bracing systems between upper, lower layers of piles are respectively arranged between front, back opposite support steel piles, and between the left, right opposite support steel piles, a vertical reinforced bracing system and a lateral reinforced inclined rod are arranged, Eight-diagrams type horizontal bracing systems are respectively welded on the horizontal bracing systems between the upper, lower layers of piles, and four spiral lead screw jacks capable of pushing along a radius direction of a bored pile steel casing are respectively arranged on the Eight-diagrams type horizontal bracing systems between the upper, lower layers of piles. The guide rack is invisibly attached on a construction platform to form the invisible attached type low height guide rack, so as to well guide and position the driving process of the steel casing. The invisible attached type low height guide rack is suitable for driving the bored pile steel casing on the construction platform in water, especially suitable for driving the bored pile steel casing on the construction platform in river influenced by ocean flood and ebb and river with large variation in water level.


6547 Background: Although medication errors comprise 10–25% of all medical errors, little is known concerning the occurrence or types of medication errors occurring while treating patients on a clinical trial. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the medication errors reported in patients enrolled on clinical trials at our center. Methods: As part of a multidisciplinary continuous quality improvement project, from January 2003 through December 2006, we collected voluntary reports of medication errors in adult and pediatric patients on clinical trials involving both oral and intravenous chemotherapy. All reports were classified prospectively regarding clinical trial involvement, severity category (A to I) per the National Coordination Council on Medical Error Reporting and Prevention, type, cause, and where in the medication use process the error occurred. Results: There were 163 reports involving patients treated on clinical trials. The most common errors were those corrected prior to reaching the patie...


OBJECTIVES: The goal of this paper is to measure the success of medical anthropology in its inclusion within the biomedical and life sciences discourse. The paper will establish a publication timeline for medical anthropology to identify high and low productivity rates. Articles will be classified to determine the linguistic and geographical clustering of the literature, as well as the distribution of journals in which they are published and the institutions that produce them. METHODS: PubMed, an electronic database, was used to identify MEDLINE-indexed articles in biomedical and life sciences journals. The query searched for the phrase "medical anthropology" in the title, abstract or key words of articles. RESULTS: In total, 766 articles from 1952 to 2009 met the search term criteria. Publication rates were nominal from 1952 to 1983. In 1984 and 1985, publications rose by almost a thirty-fold increase from previous years. In 1986, productivity rates sharply decreased and from that year onward, productivity rates have varied from year to year. About 90% of all articles were published in English language journals. German, Spanish, French and Portuguese placed among the second to fifth languages contributing to the bulk of the literature. Medical anthropology articles were published in 188 journals, but only nine journals published at least 5 or more articles over the time period. Similar clustering patterns can be seen among authors and institutions that put forth the literature. SIGNIFICANCE: Journal literature documents the discourse between the evidence and practice of health. Identifying the broad publication trends enable us to map out the evolution of medical anthropology and determine to what extent it has been incorporated into the biomedical and life sciences discourse on health. Results may help indicate the determined value of the field in its contribution to promote health. Lastly, trends may identify topical opportunities and synergies between medical anthropology and biomedical and life sciences.


Objective
To evaluate the Chinese version of Glaucoma Quality of Life 17 (Glau-QoL17) by item analysis on each item using item response theory (IRT) , so as to provide tools in life quality evaluation in patients with glaucoma in China.

Methods
By convenience sampling, 198 glaucoma patients admitted in the outpatient department of Opthalmic Center affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University from May 2017 to July 2018 were selected and their life quality were evaluated by using the Chinese version of Glau-QoL17. MULTILOG 7.0 was used to analyze the collected data in IRT and calculate the discrimination and difficulty parameters of each item.

Results
The Chinese version of Glau-QoL17 had good discrimination. The discrimination parameter (α) ranged from 1.50 to 5.23, and the difficulty increased monotonously. Except for the entry "Are you afraid of surgeries?", the other items ranged from-3 to 3; the coverage area under the item information curve was relatively large except for item "Currently, I am very well-informed about my visual problems."

Conclusions
The Chinese version of Glau-QoL17 can be used in the evaluation of the glaucoma patients' quality of life in our country, however, it still needs further modification on its content so as to improve the accuracy of the evaluation.

Key words:
Glaucoma; Quality of life; Scale; Item Response Theory


The present study investigated impacts of strong and weak El Niño events on Central Asian precipitation variability from El Niño developing years to decaying years. It is found that strong El Niño events persistently enhance Central Asian precipitation from the mature winter to decaying summer. Large warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical central-eastern Pacific induce anomalous upper-level divergence and updraft over Central Asia through large-scale convergence and divergence in the mature winter and decaying spring. Meanwhile, the associated wind anomalies induce anomalous eastward and northeastward moisture flux from the North Atlantic and Arabian Sea to Central Asia. Both anomalous ascent and moisture flux convergence favor above-normal precipitation over Central Asia in the mature winter and decaying spring. The El Niño events induced Central Asian precipitation anomalies are extended to the decaying summer due to the role of soil moisture. Increased rainfall in winter and spring enhances soil moisture in the following summer, which in turn, contributes to more precipitation in summer through modulating regional evaporation. During weak El Niño events, significant wet anomalies are only seen in the developing autumn, which result from anomalous southeastward moisture flux from the Arctic Ocean, and the abnormal signals are weak in the other seasons. The different responses of Central Asian precipitation to strong and weak El Niño events may be attributed to the difference in intensity of tropical SST anomalies between the two types of events.


The acidification characters of cassava dregs and the impact of different inoculation rate(60%,70% and 80%) on the biogas production by anaerobic fermentation were studied.The experimental results show that the acidification of cassava dregs was very easy and quick,but methanation by anaerobic fermentation was feasible.Among the inoculation rates used in the experiment,70% inoculation rate can control pH and VFA concentration in normal range,gas production can start and keep smoothly,the gas production rate and maximum methane content were 249.35 ml/g VS and 48.16% resp.,which were better than the other two groups.This study provided reference basis for the further research and application of biogas production of cassava dregs by anaerobic fermentation.


Current treatment used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often poorly effective and fails to halt the relentless decline in lung function that leads to increasing symptoms, disability, and exacerbations. This has stimulated clinicians, scientists, and drug companies to seek more effective ways to control the underlying disease process.process.


This article describes a seven-step case-selection procedure for disfluent children. It considers the assessment of factors related to spontaneous recovery, as well as other variables significant to case-selection practices.


Reaction of barbituric acid (I) with aromatic aldehydes is investigated in the presence of bromine under 2 different sets of reaction conditions.


Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that the use of ionizing radiation is an effective method by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on soils can be converted to products of negligible toxicity. Using a {sup 60}Co gamma source, 98% destruction was achieved in a standard soil artificially contaminated with 100-ppb TCDD, amended with 25% water and 2.5% nonionic surfactant at a dose of 800 kGy. It has also been shown that the chemical pathway of destruction is via stepwise reductive dechlorination, producing a suite of lesser chlorinated dioxins that closes the carbon mass balance. Despite the creation of oxidizing conditions in the presence of appropriate scavengers, only reduction products have been identified. Direct radiation effects, as opposed to indirect effects, have been proposed to explain these results. While the basic features of this model work have been verified with real contaminated materials, some important influences characteristic of real conditions have become apparent. For instance, soils that have moderate organic content may not require the addition of surfactant because the indigenous organic material may serve as an appropriate H donor and may favorably affect the location of TCDD on the soil surface. Using these data from model and real soil studies, gamma-irradiationmore » systems have been designed and preliminary cost estimates have been determined. Finally, to provide more flexibility in processing, the feasibility of extending this work to electron beam irradiation needs to be assessed. This paper briefly reviews the previous work, and then presents results of studies that explore the radiolytic behavior of other contaminants on a variety of soil types and that evaluate the effectiveness of electron beams as a source of ionizing radiation.« less


The purpose of this activity is toexplain the impacts and remedies that occur due to the covid-19 pandemic, explain how to manage family finances,explain how to find sources of funds by utilizing the creativity we have,explain how to manage stress so th at it is not sustainable during a pandemic. covid-19, describes techniques that families can do to minimize stress. Conducted online via Zoom Meeting. The results of this activity There are still housewives who do not understand the importance of financial management and how to make a good financial budget, especially during a pandemic like today.


We explore the circumgalactic metal content traced by commonly observed low ion absorbers, including C II, SiII, SiIII, SiIV, and MgII. We use a set of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom simulations run with the EAGLE model and including a non-equilibrium ionization and cooling module that follows 136 ions. The simulations of z ≈ 0.2 L* (M200= 1011.7- 1012.3M⊙) haloes hosting star-forming galaxies and group-sized (M200= 1012.7- 1013.3M⊙) haloes hosting mainly passive galaxies reproduce key trends observed by the COS-Halos survey - low ion column densities show 1) little dependence on galaxy-specific star formation rate, 2) a patchy covering fraction indicative of 104K clumps with a small volume filling factor, and 3) a declining covering fraction as impact parameter increases from 20-160kpc. Simulated Si II, Si III, Si IV, CII, and C III column densities show good (mostly within 0.3 dex) agreement with observations, while MgII is under-predicted. Low ions trace a significant metal reservoir, ≈108M⊙, residing primarily at 10-100kpc from star-forming and passive central galaxies. These clumps preferentially flow inwards and most will accrete onto the central galaxy within the next several Gyr, while a small fraction are entrained in strong outflows. A multiphase structure describes the inner CGM ( 0.5R200) tracing virial temperature gas around L* galaxies. Our simulations support previous ionization models indicating that cloud covering factors decline while densities and pressures show little decline with increasing impact parameter (typically < 0.3 dex from 40 to 160 kpc). We find the cool clumps have lower pressures than the ambient medium they are embedded in, and discuss that numerical effects within the hydrodynamic solver likely play a role. © 2018 The Author(s).


Increasing concerns over climate change and energy poverty have triggered the transition toward a decentralized energy system through the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies. Although this transition was led, over past decades, mainly by major investors and large industrial players, citizens and local authorities are increasingly playing an active role in delivering clean energy investments. In particular, the current European Renewable Energy Directive introduced Renewable Energy Communities (RECs), which allow citizens to collectively organize their participation in the energy market, leading to a more distributed renewable energy system and new forms of sustainable, collaborative, and democratic economies. RECs currently under implementation show differences among European countries due to the different national contexts. A literature review exploring the peculiar Italian regulatory framework on RECs and its recent evolution has been carried out to identify available national and regional financial support mechanisms, barriers, and emerging trends in the diffusion of RECs across the country. The paper reviews and describes three main approaches that emerged in the development of RECs in Italy, discussing their strengths, and limitations. In addition, it provides a brief comparison of the regulatory framework in different European countries, highlighting the distinctive features of the Italian experience. Although the development of RECs in Italy involved a combination of both public and private initiatives, the leading role of local authorities as promoters and aggregators of RECs is evident. This role helps preserve the social impact of RECs but might slow down their implementation due to bureaucratic issues often linked to public procedures and procurement processes, as well as the lack of sufficient expertise within local authorities.


Background: Specialist palliative care (SPC) services in Ireland are well developed by international standards. However, standardized information on all patients of SPC services is not collected so the proportion of patients seen with a noncancer diagnosis is just an estimate at 5%. Aims: To describe Irish SPC services' provision for, and attitudes to noncancer patients. Method: Postal questionnaire of clinical managers of all SPC services listed in the directory of SPC services in Ireland, September 2005. Results: Sixty-five questionnaires were returned representing a 100% response rate. Twenty four percent (n = 15) of services limited availability for noncancer patients in some way. Of those services available for noncancer patients, the type of care provided to them was the same as for cancer patients in 81% of services (n = 50). The percentage of all patients seen in 2004 who had a noncancer diagnosis was 7.21%. Only 68% (n = 42) of services had a written referral policy. The top three perceived barriers by SPC service providers were the unpredictable noncancer disease trajectory (mean intensity = 6.77), the resultant difficulties with developing referral criteria (mean intensity = 6.38) and the lack of noncancer disease specific expertise (mean intensity = 5.96). Discussion: There is a mismatch between availability of palliative care services for noncancer patients and uptake. The noncancer disease trajectory continues to be considered a barrier to care. Imaginative models of care need to be developed that are not prognosis based. Palliative Medicine 2008; 22: 77—83


The paper presents ultra-wideband (UWB) circuit building blocks consisting of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a down-conversion mixer and an up-conversion mixer. They are dedicated for a 3D real-time OFDM MIMO imaging radar operating in a bandwidth of 12 GHz to 40 GHz. These circuits were fabricated with 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology SG13S and the measurements show promising results in the required bandwidth.


Creating Community DOES THE KENTLANDS LIVE UP TO ITS GOALS ? Joongsub Kim Over the last few years, New Urbanism has drawn considerable attention from the media, design profes- sionals, academia and public officials. This is due, in part, to claims that neotraditional development fos- ters a greater sense of community than a conventional suburban development. Among the claims New Urbanists make are that: • compact neighborhoods and mixed land uses will encourage residents to walk for their daily activities, • neotraditional development that evokes the feeling of prewar communities will engender among resi- dents a feeling of emotional bonding to the place • the proximity of homes to each other; mixing of house types in blocks and neighborhoods; use of elements like front porches; and provision of ameni- ties like sidewalks, pedestrian connections and local public spaces will foster social interaction, and • the use of traditional architectural styles and urban elements like alleys, carriage houses, picket fences and common spaces surrounded by diverse housing types will create a distinctive physical character or a sense of place. To date, these claims have been rarely substantiated. light on New Urbanist qualities of this planned com- munity at its early stage, but the authors tend to emphasize the role of the Disney Corporation (which developed the town) and public school controversies. Both books fall short of explaining the extent to which broader New Urbanist goals have been realized. 1 Likewise, while recent studies by Jack L. Nasar and Plas and Lewis are valuable to the examination of New Urbanist claims, both have limitations. Nasar's research is not based on actual neotraditional communities; Plas and Lewis's findings are based on the evaluation of Sea- side, which is atypical because it is a resort community. 2 This article addresses some of the claims of New Urbanism by drawing upon the preliminary findings of research conducted in Kentlands, a master-planned community built over the past decade in Gaithers- burg, MD ., a suburb of Washington, D.C. It reports on preliminary findings of a comparative case study that evaluates Kentlands and Orchard Village, 3 a conven- tional suburban community also in Gaithersburg. The research involved a survey (approximately 750 partici- pants), in-depth interviews (approximately 130 partici- pants) and week-long activity logs (approximately 70), all conducted during spring and summer 1999. This article presents information drawn primarily from residents' responses to two open-ended survey ques- tions and incorporates several emblematic examples from the extended interviews. Although the analysis Contrasting Kentlands (left) and "Orchard Village" (right) Photos: Joongsub Kim Recently published books on Celebration (Celebra- tion, U . S . A ., by D. Frantz and C. Collins, and The Cele- bration Chronicles, by Andrew Ross) have shed some PLACES 13:2


A problem of how to move the center of gravity of the maneuverable aircraft from one given point in the three-dimensional space to another point as quickly as possible with the fixed vectors of the respective velocities is considered. The example is given for the case when the velocity vector equals the initial one at the end of motion.


Open online distance learning in higher education has quickly gained popularity, expanded, and evolved, with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as the most recent development. New web technologies allow for scalable ways to deliver video lecture content, implement social forums and track student progress in MOOCs. However, we remain limited in our ability to assess complex and open-ended student assignments. In this paper, we present a study on various forms of assessment and their relationship with the final exam score. In general, the reliability of both the self-assessments and the peer assessments was high. Based on low correlations with final exam grades as well as with other assessment forms, we conclude that self-assessments might not be a valid way to assess students' performance in MOOCs. Yet the weekly quizzes and peer assessment significantly explained differences in students' final exam scores, with one of the weekly quizzes as the strongest explanatory variable. We suggest that both self-assessment and peer assessment would better be used as assessment for learning instead of assessment of learning. Future research on MOOCs implies a reconceptualization of education variables, including the role of assessment of students' achievements. In recent years, free access has been provided to content which previously had a price: searches, software, music and references, to name but a few. Access to the Internet and broadband has increased rapidly and huge growth in mobile connectivity has brought online content and interaction to a global audience. At the same time, open online distance learning in higher education has quickly gained popularity, expanded, and evolved. Recently, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) appear to be a significant force within higher education. However, while new web technologies allow for scalable ways to deliver video lecture content, implement social forums and track student progress, we remain limited in our ability to evaluate and give feedback for complex and often open-ended student assignments. Self- and peer assessment might offer promising solutions that can scale the grading of complex assignments in courses with thousands of students. Moreover, intermediate assessments might engage more students with participating in a course. In this study, we provide insights into various forms of assessment that are applied in three Leiden University MOOCs in the Coursera platform.


5067 Background: African-American (AA) men have the highest rates of prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality in the U.S. Screening for PCa with prostate specific antigen (PSA) has allowed det...


We have found that hydroxyrthylene (HE) dipeptide analogs of Gln-Arg and Gln-Phe are usually susceptible to acid catalyzed lactonization. The synthesis of substrate-based transition state analog inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin metalloprotease inhibitors that contain the Gln-Arg or the Gln-Phe HE units is complicated by this facile degradative lactonization.


After Bulgaria's accession to the European Union, the global business environment was subject to some changes related to the process of globalization, the dynamic development of markets, and the free movement of people within the community. These changes required that Bulgarian tourism enterprises seek new opportunities for gaining a competitive advantage based on the quality of their products and tourist services. This issue requires an investigation into the economic implications considering the single EU market and the associated challenges to the competitiveness of Bulgarian tourism enterprises. In order to obtain certificates for globally or nationally recognized quality marks and signs, tourism enterprises have to reorganize their activities in such a way as to meet the requirements for obtaining such certificates and the associated registered marks, which requires investment of time and money, as well as certain managerial skills. An alternative to this type of quality assurance of the tourist services is the development, implementation and certification of a Quality Management System (QMS) in accordance with the provisions of the ISO 9001 standard. This standard allows tourist enterprises to build quality management systems that are consistent with the specifics of their business and service technologies and processes. The aim of this article is to define the benefits for a tourism enterprise from the implementation of a QMS and certification under ISO 9001 to ensure the quality of their tourist services. To this end, the article reviews the available studies related to the quality assurance in the tourism sector in Bulgaria and the degree of its compliance with the ISO 9001 standard. The study demonstrates the author's thesis that the use of the most widely used international standard gives the tourist business the opportunity to demonstrate its ability to manage quality, irrespective of the category of the tourist site and the developed tourism activity, using a clearly identifiable and globally recognised quality sign.


Understanding the origin of certain symmetry breaking scenarios in high-energy physics remains an open challenge. Here we argue that, at least in some cases, symmetry violation is an effect of non-equilibrium dynamics that is likely to develop somewhere above the energy scale of electroweak interaction. We also find that, imposing Poincare symmetry in non-equilibrium field theory, leads to fractalization of space-time continuum via period-doubling transition to chaos.


ABSTRACT One of the major concerns in blasting research is determining the relationships among the variables. The General Linear Procedures Model (GLPM) is a tool which can verify important variable effects. These effects are statistically arrived at using a factorial experimental application which give the problem statistical validity. Here the relationship between decoupling ratio and other factors were correlated.


seems to be tenable: adjustment of individuals to residence in the fringe area, and inferentially to attraction of the area for them, can be understood principally in terms of socio-psychological factors rather than the economizing nature of the location. This conclusion is borne out by the fact that our sample of rural-urban fringe residents does not in general regard the fringe as an economizing location. When asked to name the major reason for choosing fringe location only 12.8 per cent or 107 of the informants listed economy factors such as cheaper land, lower rents, lower taxes, and freedom from building restrictions. Informal comments also showed considerable agreement in rejecting the idea of the fringe as an inexpensive place of residence.20


In this paper, the concepts of (L,M)-fuzzy soft topological spaces, (L,M)-fuzzy soft base and (L,M)-fuzzy soft filter spaces were introduced and their properties were studied, where L be a completely distributive lattice with 0 and 1 elements and M be a strictly two-sided, commutative quantale lattice. Also, the relationships between these concepts were investigated.


The article deals with a super long elastic tubular vertical rod with centralizers embeded in its lower part and an internal fluid flow. The reasons of appearance of bifurcation protrusion of the rod are stated. Among these reasons, an internal longitudinal force, torque, inertia forces rotating rods, inertia forces of internal fluid flow are identified and described as main ones. The purpose of the study is to detect the beginning of bifurcation states of rods with centralizers. Research methods are based on the construction of singularity perturbed multy-point boundary-value problems determining the stress-strain state and stability of the rod. Applying decomposing approach, the beginning of bifurcation states of rods with centralizers are detected. KEY WORDS: SUPER LONG ROD, ROTATIONAL MOTION, INTERNAL FLUID FLOW, CENTRALIZERS, LONGITUDINAL FORCE, TORQUE, MULTI-POINT BOUNDARY PROBLEM, BIFURCATION STATES, METHOD OF DECOMPOSITION.


Neurogenetics is emerging as a multifaceted area in clinical neurology. Inheritance patterns in families and studies of twins have revealed a major role for genetic predisposition in conditions as diverse as the schizophrenias, depression, alcoholism, and posttraumatic seizure disorders, as well as in commonly recognized autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inherited disorders of brain, nerve, and muscle. Methods and concepts of molecular genetics and cell biology are now being applied to complex developmental and degenerative processes in the nervous system. Progress in both animal and human studies was well illustrated in a recent symposium on Genetic Approaches to Neurobiology and Neurological Disorders. (Satellite symposium of the 1979 International Congress of Neurochemistry, supported in part by the-National Science Foundation [INT 7917591 and by the Ministry of Science and Culture of the Republic of Greece.) In the nematode, loss of touch sensitivity and of withdrawal behavior may be caused by any one of a series of independent mutations, affecting identifiable neuroanatomic sites (Chalfie, Cambridge, U.K.). In fruit flies, diminution in the ability to distinguish olfactory stimuli, a crude model for an amnestic syndrome, has been caused by a mutation in a single X-linked gene, deduced by sophisticated genetic analyses to affect a cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (Dudai, Rehovoth, Israel). Dysmyelinating mutants in the mouse have been identified and compared (Baumann, Paris; Tsukada, Tokyo), revealing a whole array of different biochemical and pathologic abnormalities, some affecting primarily peripheral nerve and others primarily the central nervous system. One of their mutants (shiuerer) lacks any detectable myelin basic protein; the compaction of lamellae is abnormal, but myelin is still assembled, and the animal survives. Mice formed from two eightcelled embryos, one genetically normal and the other carrying the genes for muscular dystrophy (dyldy), were obtained (Peterson, Montreal) which had genotypically dyldy muscle, while the rest of the animal was mosaic, according to marker enzyme variants; the muscle proved to be entirely normal on examination, indicating an extramuscular mechanism for at least this type of muscular dystrophy. Such studies always carry the caveat that the mechanism in animals may be different from that in patients with an analogous clinical syndrome. Even so, pathophysiologic correlations across molecular, biochemical, anatomic, physiologic, and behavioral levels of observation may be achieved best in animal models. Direct studies of specific human gene mutations of importance in neurology have been facilitated by rapid advances in analyses of cultured human cells and the human tissues and by techniques to insert human genes into mice. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and staining for proteins demonstrates large numbers of proteins from human brain and from cultured neural cells (Rosenberg, Dallas). By utilizing these techniques, expression of genes for various proteins can be compared in neuroblasts and glial cells, cocultivated cells, and fused cells, as well as after exposure to hormones, cyclic nucleotides, or potential toxins. Brain from Joseph syndrome patients shows specific differences from normal (Rosenberg). Gradually the functions of the protein spots will be defined. Mutational analysis of sphingolipid degradation steps continues to reveal basic biochemistry of the brain essential for understanding clinical variants of the storage diseases. Gangliosides actually were discovered in brain tissue from patients with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), who accumulate large amounts. Now a n endogenous activator protein has been demonstrated to be required for the physiologic action of hexosaminidase A (Hex A) on lipid-soluble substrates in micelles in vitro (Sandhoff, Bonn). Presumably, this detergent-like activator is crucial for Hex A action on lipids within membranes in vitro. Since the protein strikingly activates Hex A, but not Hex B, it can help to explain the perplexing patterns of accumulation of gangliosides and globosides in patients with the variant forms of TSD.


One of the most common problems in the response to telephone calls for emergency services (ambulance, police, fire, etc.) is to insure that the responding agency has the appropriate location information and, in the case of individuals with a history of heart disease or other possibly life threatening affliction, pertinent information on their particular medical situation. Typically a 911 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) or other response agency must depend upon the information solicited from the caller. In some modern emergency response systems, such as Enhanced 911 (E91 1), Automatic Location Information (ALT) is available from the operating telephone company. Typically, however, E9 1 1 may be cost effective only for relatively large jurisdictions. This is particularly true for those systems in which the information is obtained from the telephone company central data base by means of (redundant) dedicated, high speed data lines. In a previous paper [1], the authors investigated a device, located at the subscriber's residence, which would transmit, via a modem, location and other information to the PSAP upon activation by a request-to-send (RTS). Although the device was technically successful, it had a high projected cost. In the present paper an alternate system approach is taken in which a device located at the subscriber's residence transmits only a seven digit "touch tone" code (typically the subscriber's telephone number) to a personal computer in the PSAP. The computer performs a "reverse directory" data- base lookup for address and/or other pertinent information (eg. emergency medical information) and displays the information which enables the dispatcher to send the appropriate response. The system will also be useful in the case of telephone offices which automatically provide Automatic Number Identification (ANI) but not ALl. This paper describes the system and its device and software components, system costs and discusses several applications in the area of emergency response to telephone requests for service, including a low cost automated medical service request system which can be activated by a simple handheld device.