The association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with macrovascular complications in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis is unclear.

 We conducted a nationwide cohort study of 44 514 incident hemodialysis patients who were enrolled in Taiwan's national health insurance research database between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014 and had follow-up data until 31 December 2015. Patients with and without DR were matched by propensity score in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcomes were acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute ischemic stroke and hospitalizations for peripheral artery disease (PAD).

 Of the 27 286 patients with type 2 diabetes, 10 537 (38.1%) had DR at baseline. We matched 9164 patients without DR (mean age, 63.7 years; 44.0% women) by propensity score to 9164 patients with DR (mean age, 63.5 years; 43.8% women). Over a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 2781 patients (15.2%) experienced ACS. Stroke occurred in 1613 patients (8.8%), and 1938 patients (10.6%) were hospitalized for PAD. In a multivariable Cox model accounting for the competing risk of death, the presence of DR was associated with an increased risk of stroke {subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.30 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.17–1.44]; P < 0.0001} and PAD (sHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.29; P = 0.0006) but not ACS (sHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91–1.07; P = 0.9168). The observations were consistent across patient subgroups.

 Our findings support early identification and close monitoring and management of hemodialysis patients with DR to prevent the development of stroke and PAD.


This paper examines the interrelationships between the concepts of counterurbanisation and rural gentrification, suggesting that four different positions can be identified. Firstly, these concepts are highly commensurable and could usefully be more closely aligned. Secondly, rural gentrification has a political/critical dimension that is missing from conceptualisations of counterurbanisation, and hence rural gentrification might usefully displace counterurbanisation as a focus of study. Thirdly, counterurbanisation is a less reductionist concept than rural gentrification, and therefore counterurbanisation researchers need to disentangle themselves from too great a focus on rural gentrification. Fourthly, both concepts share many problematic features and may both be viewed as chaotic concepts. The paper then discusses how counterurbanisation and gentrification researchers have responded to criticisms relating to their conceptual foci, suggesting that these can be characterised as legislative or interpretive. It is argued that whilst the former response has been predominant, there are signs that the latter approach is also being adopted. The concluding part of the paper draws on the notion of an interpretive approach to understanding counterurbanisation and rural gentrification, and their interrelationships. Use is made of Latour's notion of 'circulatory sociologies of translation' to consider how the two concepts are linked not only to their objects of study but also to social relationships with other academics, with governmental organisations and with public opinion and values. Attention is drawn to the differential relationships that counterurbanisation and rural gentrification are implicated in, and how this might account for the differential character of the two concepts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In 1964, Guttman, et al.' described the rejection of isogeneic mouse skin grafts soaked in allogeneic RNA. They suggested that the mechanism of this rejection might be the uptake of foreign RNA into the skin cells with the production of the appropriate foreign antigen. The antigen might then stimulate the host to produce specific antibody which would result in the rejection of the skin grafts containing the antigen. The work described here is a further investigation of this phenomenon using a highly purified RNA preparation from mouse liver and spleen. This was prepared by adapting a method used to purify chondroitin sulphate by precipitation with 5-aminoacridine hydrochloride.'


The study was conducted in the village of Sumber Makmur and Central Banua, Takisung Sub-district, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This study aims to determine (1) factors influencing the sustainability of beef cattle farming (2) factors influencing the welfare of farmers, in form of a case study on the dry land. The study was conducted with survey method to 111 respondents using questionnaires that had been prepared previously (structured). The respondents were chosen by purposive sampling with criteria of having or farming beef cattle. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), completion of the data was conducted using AMOS software. In this study, there are seven endogenous variables and two exogenous variables. The endogenous variables are environmental, economic, social, technology, physical, human, and institutional resources. The results show that environmental, economic, technological, physical, human, and institutional resources influence the sustainability of beef cattle farming; environmental, economic, technological, physical, human, and institutional resources influence, either directly or indirectly, the welfare of farmers (except social); and cattle farming sustainability variable influences the welfare of farmers. According to the result of this study, it is suggested that for the sustainability of beef cattle farming and to improve the welfare of farmers, several things that should be improved and considered are the improvements of resources, primarily environmental, economic, technological, physical, human, and institutional resources.


Tomorrow will see the inaugural Biltonbury Musical Festival. Bilton Working Mens Club will open the gates at midday (29 August) with music starting ...


The success of Land Bank of the Philippines gives us an example that a big bank owned by government can be successful in providing micro-financial services to rural areas.Its successful operation strategy can give some inspirations for China's commercial banks.Commercial banks can try to build up a special internal sector to provide micro-financial services to rural areas by direct and indirect channels,and set up a risk prevention mechanism,improve the development of rural finance in China.


Translation is amelancholic activity that, at least in Hispanic literary studies, is always tingedwith two famous and disheartening statements from Don Quixote, uttered—for the greater grief of yours truly—with Orlando furioso in mind: translated books "jamás llegarán al punto que ellos tienen en su primer nacimiento" (I, 6) ("will never achieve the quality the verses had in their first birth" [48]) and "el traducir de lenguas fáciles, ni arguye ingenio ni elocución" (II, 62) ("translating easy languages does not argue for either talent or eloquence" [873]).1 However, because of its prominence in the conceptualization and renovation of the old dream of aWeltliteratur, translation comes to be a first-rate exegetical instrument. Besides the fact that it promotes international literature in the languages of other cultures, translation helps us understand literary relations throughout history and allows us to integrate the classics from other languages as an essential part of our own canon. As I understand and practice it, translation is the ultimate philology, but evidently one that is conditioned by history.2 At the very end of the fifteenth century Juan del Encina translated Virgil's eclogues in octosyllablic verse and low style—which Virgil himself referred to as "rustic"—befitting the sermo humilis. Today Encina's versions would be useless to someone who wanted to read and thoroughly understand the Mantuan poet's language and literature. Nonetheless, they have important historical value and even a certain charm because of their brazen comicality. The first eclogue's "Tityre, tu patulae recubans sub tegmine fagi" sounded like this:


This study presents a piloted Second Language (L2) Writing Tutor internship program as a way to provide supplemental, sustained support to L2 writers and classroom teachers within the span of one semester. The presence and needs of second language (L2) writing students in the writing classroom have been clearly articulated in relevant research, but what is less known is how to devise successful methods of support that are both helpful and cost-effective. The author provides evidence that students in L2WT-mediated classes earned higher grades and that the L2WT internship program was perceived as valuable for all parties involved: L2 writers, L2 writing teachers, and the tutors themselves. Implications for future offerings of the internship, as well as suggestions for how to implement this program in additional contexts, are provided.


A new approach is given to explain the superconducting properties of the A15 compounds based on the local character of each constituent and the notion of charge transfer.


1. A study has been made of the reaction between triphenyltetrazolium bromide and various reducing agents. Conditions for optimal production of formazan by this reaction were established. 2. Triphenylformazan has been prepared and its absorption and solubility characteristics determined. 3. Direct colorimetric methods for the estimation of blood sugar, glucose, lactose, cysteine and ascorbic acid based on the use of tetrazolium are described.


In the present research, the heat capacities of triphenylbismuth dimethacrylate Ph3Bi(O2CCMe═CH2)2 were measured between T = 5.3 and 330 K with the precision adiabatic vacuum calorimeter and from T = 310 to 420 K with the differential scanning calorimeter. There revealed a reproducible anomaly from 150 to 170 K caused by structural changes in the crystal lattice, and intensive exothermic transition over the range from T = 385 to 420 K caused by the reductive decomposition with the polymerization of the sample under study. The experimental results were used to calculate the standard (p = 0.1 MPa) thermodynamic functions (heat capacity Cp,mo, enthalpy Hmo(T) – Hmo(0), entropy Smo(T), and Gibbs energy Φmo(T) of crystalline triphenylbismuth dimethacrylate from T → 0 to 385 K. The standard entropy of formation at T = 298.15 K was calculated for the compound under study in the crystalline state. Obtained for Ph3Bi(O2CCMe═CH2)2 results were compared with ones for Ph3Sb(O2CCMe═CH2)2.


In service-oriented architecture,in order to composite a new service on-demand by existing service components,this paper puts forward service customization framework based on mobile agent and active network,the core of the approach is encapsulating elementary service into active packet(called Service Agent,SA) using mobile agent,and composing the service of user required by the different SA combining.Then it researches on key technologies such as service description,service publishing,service discovery and service composition,it can realize service customizing which traditional network can't.


A Nb-O single crystal alloy collector, L2, made by Lutch, with an oxygen content of 2.9 atom % was tested opposite a polycrystalline tungsten emitter. The emitter bare work function was raised to 5.40 eV, following oxygen evaporation from the collector and adsorption onto the emitter. This increase in the emitter bare work function was substantially higher that that obtained from another Lutch collector single crystal alloy, L1, which contained 1.2 atom %. The barrier index obtained with L2 was one of the lowest obtained with oxygen-dispensing collectors, 0.24 eV lower than with L1. At a spacing of 0.55 mm and an emitter temperature of 1800 K, the maximum electrode power density was 7.6 W/cm2 and the maximum electrode efficiency was 18%. After about 2000 hours of operation some tungsten condensation was detected on the collector.


The paper focuses on the linguistics analysis of male and female representation in Robert Browning's poems "Porphyria's Lover' and "My Last Duchess". The study is based on the critical discourse analysis serves as the theoretical standpoints for the general analysis. The aim of this paper is to reveal the philosophy of Browning and provides of his poetry. He has given the meaning of human life through these poems. His poetry is like a room or cabinet of interest. Browning is of the view that to acquire the power is the aim of life. He realized that the power of knowledge was not enough unless it is followed by love.


Filtering an image by eliminating noise and irrelevant details while preserving prominent structure edges is an important pre-processing task in many fields, such as image processing and computer vision. In this study, a novel approach called anisotropic joint trilateral rolling filter (AJTRF) is proposed for the smoothing of an image while preserving important structure edges. AJTRF works in an iterative manner and extends the joint bilateral filter to a joint trilateral filter by employing additional weights in eigen space. During filtering, the range weights are recalculated in each iteration, while the spatial Gaussian weights are computed in anisotropic orientations instead of isotropic orientations. Furthermore, the inner products between anisotropic orientations (expressed as eigenvectors) are used as weights to measure orientation similarities of pixels. Structure tensors at each pixel are calculated to determine the structure orientations, which are used as the anisotropic orientations. A range of experiments are conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed AJTRF has stronger smoothing and structure preserving ability than established methods.


In order to evaluate performance of slow/controlled release fertilizer coated and felted by nano-materials,yield and quality of winter wheat and summer corn were determined through the 3-year and 6 -season field experiment in winter wheatsummer corn rotation.The results showed that grain yield and protein were improved in some degree,but protein content was increased insignificantly,and soluble sugar content was decreased by slow/controlled release fertilizer coated and felted by nano-materials compared with NPK chemical fertilizer.It was effective to use slow/controlled release fertilizer coated and felted by nano-materials to improve wheat yield and quality but the effects were different.


The thermal expansion behavior of n (+/- 8)s graphite fiber reinforced magnesium laminate and four graphite reinforced glass-matrix laminates (a unidirectional laminate, a quasi-isotropic laminate, a symmetric low angle-ply laminate, and a random chopped-fiber mat laminate) was determined, and was found, in all cases, to not be significantly affected by thermal cycling. Specimens were cycled up to 100 times between -200 F and 100 F, and the thermal expansion coefficients determined for each material as a function of temperature were found to be low. Some dimensional changes as a function of thermal cycling, and some thermal-strain hysteresis, were observed.


The simultaneous identification of disease-specific protein targets and their small molecule-binding partners, suitable as drug candidates, could radically reduce the timeline and costs of drug discovery and development. Comparative chemical proteomics provides a novel approach to achieve this goal through rapid detection of overexpressed proteins in diseased samples by the application of small molecule microarrays. The interacting small molecules enable direct affinity-based isolation and identification of the proteins. In the present paper we report comparative chemical proteomics studies on melanocytes and melanoma cell-lines, which led to the identification of three overexpressed proteins together with their small molecule-binding partner.


This paper uses databases of the United Nations and calculates related competitiveness indices of Chinese toy industry.The conclusion is that the international market share,TC index,RCA index and the USA market share,RCA index are very great,meaning that the international competitiveness of Chinese toy are very strong.What's more,while the international market share and the USA market share rise,TC index,RCA index in the international market and RCA index in USA market decline,meaning that Chinese toy industry has an extensional export growth,not a connotative export growth,and extensional international competitiveness raises,but connotative international competitiveness falls.Finally,the paper gives some suggestions.


The invention provides by the integrated system of methane production higher hydrocarbon compositions such as liquid hydrocarbon composition, it uses methane oxidative coupling system that methane is converted into ethylene, and then ethylene be converted into selectable higher hydrocarbon products.The invention provides integrated system and the method that methane is processed into these higher hydrocarbon products.


Is grading polarized in political science classrooms? We offer experimental evidence that suggests it is not. Many have argued that instructors' grading in political science classrooms is skewed by the political characteristics of the instructor, the student, or an interaction between the two. Yet the evaluations of whether such biases exist has been asserted and denied with little evidence—even though prominent theories in political science suggest that the charge is not entirely implausible. Using a set of anonymous essays by undergraduates graded by teaching assistants at a variety of institutions, we test for the presence of bias in a framework that avoids the usual selection bias issues that confound attempts at inference. After evaluating the evidence carefully, we find that the evidence for bias is much weaker than activists claim.


Crossing streams often involves disturbing, excavating, moving and compacting large amounts of soil. Soil disturbance in and around the stream can cause sediment to settle into the gravel spawning beds fi sh depend on for hatching their young. Increasing water temperatures associated with stream disturbance reduce the oxygen available to important aquatic organisms. Stream crossings also increase the likelihood of chemical contamination from spills and vehicles.


The potential contributions of sleep apnea (SA) to the risk of developing many diseases remain unidentified due to survey limits in cohort studies. We aimed to identify novel associations between common comorbidities in participants with SA compared to matched controls in a clinical biobank by leveraging electronic health record (EHR) information informed by natural language processing (NLP)-based phenotyping. We also investigated the relationship between polysomnography (PSG) statistics and these diseases.

 The sample from the Mass General Brigham Biobank was comprised of 4,876 NLP-defined SA adult cases and 12,314 controls matched on age, biological sex, BMI, race/ethnicity, and healthcare utilization with a "data floor" of minimal EHR information. Prospective (>1 year post SA diagnosis) and cross-sectional analyses considered 527 merged PheCode groups of NLP-defined diseases with ≥1% prevalence. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed. Associations with case/control status were further analyzed using rank-normalized Apnea-hypopnea Index (AHI3p) and the percentage of sleep with hypoxemia <88% (Per88) in 4,544 participants, adjusting for age, biological sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity in a smaller single-night clinic sample (57% with AHI3p ≥15).

 In prospective analyses, 170 diseases had significant odds ratios (OR) when comparing participants with SA versus controls following Bonferroni adjustment (p < 3.3 × 10-5), 8 of which were confirmed using PSG. Lead associations included a broad range of pathophysiology (e.g. chronic pulmonary heart disease, tension headache, and chronic fatigue syndrome). Diseases with higher ORs in women compared to men included chronic pulmonary heart disease, chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure not otherwise specified (NOS), and gout (p for sex interaction ≤3.2 × 10-3). Significant associations with PSG traits included hypertensive heart disease, fluid overload, and heart failure NOS (p ≤7.8 × 10-5). 281 diseases significantly differed in cross-sectional analyses, 41 of which were confirmed using PSG. 37 of these 41 associated diseases had lower p-values for Per88 compared to the AHI3p.

 Sleep apnea may contribute to disease risk across a broad range of pathophysiology, with increased sex-specific risks for multiple common comorbidities. Future work should investigate the specific role of hypoxemia in these associations.

 NIH (K01-HL135405, R35-HL135818, U01-HG008685 and P30-AR070253).


In this study, the prevalence, type and the probable causes of sport injuries in Iranian super league male volleyball players was evaluated. The study was descriptive and the statistical population was about 160 volleyball players that were present in Iran super league in the year 2005. The statistical sample was about 60 men with at least three years of experience in volleyball. The information was gathered using a combine d questionnaire by interviewing the volleyball players and their coaches. During the training and competition seasons, lower limbs with 44% and 46.8% were the most vulnerable organs to injuries. During training, joint injuries with 46.1% and during competition, muscular injuries with 43.5% were the most common kinds of injury. During training and competition, sprain with 46.8% and 38.6% was the most common joint injury and spasm with 42% and 37.3% was the most common muscular injury. During training, fracture with 49.4% and during competition, the close fracture with 54.6% were the most common bone injuries. During training and competition, fingers with 42.8% and 44.9% were the most vulnerable organs of upper limbs, ankle with 33.1% and 38.3% the most vulnerable organ of lower limbs and lumbar with 68.6% and 75% the most vulnerable organ of trunk, head and neck to be injured. During training and competition, sprain with 23% and 20% was the most common kind of injury as a whole. During training, fingers with 15.58% and during competition, ankle with 17.4% were the most vulnerable organs of all body to be injured; and each considered probable factors with different effects caused injuries. The study revealed that body building in volleyball, ground/surface condition and quality of personal equipment could be important factors to be associated with the injuries in this sport. Eventually, it was concluded that fingers, lumbar and ankle were the most vulnerable organs and injuries which were mostly the result of overusing organs with incorrect techniques. Therefore, correcting the techniques might play a considerable role in the prevention of injuries.


Analysis of predicting factors which cause functional dependence among elderly people. This paper analyzes the relation which exists among various factors which can be considered to cause dependence (education level, physical exercise, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, life satisfaction, and income level) and the level of dependency demonstrated by different subjects during basic and instrumental activities of daily living. In this way, we can obser- ve that as education level, life satisfaction, physical activity and consumption of alcohol increase (with basic activities) level of dependency decreases. Furthermore, we can obser- ve that as negative perception toward health, perception of incapability and tobacco consumption increase (with instrumental activities) level of dependency increases.


The method of calculation of the radiation power and loss power of radiators placed close to a planar-stratified medium (PSM) is considered. It is shown that the method allows one to calculate the integral loss power in any PSM layer.


Polymer concrete (PC) has been widely used for floor and bridge overlays, but because of the differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between Portland‐cement concrete (PCC) and PC, there is concern about possible delamination at the interface. This paper is a report of the results of two experimental studies. The first was an investigation of crack propagation, stiffness deterioration, and delamination of PC‐PCC composite members subjected to load cycles at room temperature. The second was an investigation of the interface shear stresses and longitudinal normal stresses of PC‐PCC beams under various uniform thermal loads ranging from approximately 3°F (16°C) to 140°F (60°C). A hypothesis of the thermal phase was that interface shear stresses are localized near the ends of the beams. It was observed that: (1) Test beams survived 2,000,000 load cycles without delamination and without significant loss of stiffness; (2) interface shear stresses are end bound; and (3) the effective length of the en...


With the complexity of patent transformation scenarios, the roles of users have become more diverse. Therefore, how to discover the roles of different users in the patent transformation scenarios has become a hot issue. In the process of patent transformation, the behaviors of each user are regular, historical behavior has an impact on the current behavior. Because the Hawkes processes can take into account the characteristic of self-exciting among behaviors, we explored the Dirichlet Mixture model of Hawkes Processes based on variational inference to cluster users for user roles discovery. In this model, different Hawkes processes correspond to different user types. Dirichlet distribution is used as the prior distribution of user clusters. The dependence of current behavior on historical behavior is expressed as intensity function. The variational inference is used to learn the model. The model is evaluated by Precision, Recall and F-measure, which shows that our model has good accuracy.


Based on analyzing the structure of Web servers,we design the architecture of scalable parallel Web server cluster,discuss and study some key technologies such as load balance technology,parallel Web file technology and high availability technology.


This article examines extreme returns co-movement and contagion between the Croatian and 10 European stock markets during major financial market distress periods in the period from end of 2003 until start of 2012. The extreme return co-movement analysis is based on analysis of coincidences of extreme return shocks (co-exceedances; extreme returns are defined as lower 5% daily returns in the empirical return distributions) across investigated countries. I found that the first instances of co-exceedances between the Croatian and the observed European stock markets occurred in the 2007, during the subprime mortgage crisis as the predecessor of the global financial crisis. With the start of the global financial crisis, the count of co-exceedances across all observed pairs of stock markets markedly increased. In order to separate contagion from interdependence, I further applied a multinomial logistic function, that enabled me to control for common world and regional factors that affected all investigated stock markets simultaneously. In controlling for these factors I found that the increase in the count of negative return co-exceedances between the Croatian and major European stock markets during the global financial crisis and the eurozone debt crisis cannot be attributed to contagion.


Synthetic works on peptides by means of proteolytic enzymes were reviewed according to the following articles : enzymatic peptide bond formation including plastein reaction, and enzymatic removal of amine and carboxyl protecting groups and others.


A conceptual framework for examining implications of excess slaughtering capacity in meatpacking is presented. Excess capacity stems from two sources: percentage plant utilization based on line speed and based on length of operating time per given period. Data from a mail survey of 310 meatpacking firms verified that significant size differences exist among slaughtering plants. Significant differences in percentage utilization were also found for some species. Results suggest larger fed cattle slaughtering firms could be paying higher prices for cattle purchased.


In less than a century, lung cancer has progressed from a medical curiosity to the most deadly of all malignant diseases on our planet. Because cigarette smoking is responsible for the existing global lung cancer epidemic, policy initiatives have focused almost exclusively on primary prevention. There is no question that smoking prevention is the most effective method of reducing future lung cancer mortality rates among children, adolescents, and young adults. However, smoking cessation has limited effectiveness as a lung cancer prevention strategy among long term smokers, particularly in the short term.


In their constructive reviews, Frances Egan, Randy Gallistel and Steven Gross have raised some important problems for the account of content advanced by Nicholas Shea in Representation in Cognitive Science (2018, OUP). Here the author addresses their main challenges as follows. Egan argues that the account includes an unrecognised pragmatic element; and that it makes contents explanatorily otiose. Gallistel raises questions about homomorphism and correlational information. Gross puts the account to work to resolve the dispute about probabilistic contents in perception, but argues that a question remains about whether probabilities are found in the content or instead in the manner of representation.


Objective To compare the clinic effects of chemo-mechanic caries removal and conventional excavation in primary dentine caries and to discuss and research children's acceptance level of the chemo-mechanical method and the acceptable treatments for children.Methods Child patients aged 3 to 9 were recruited 232 molar temporary teeth which were moderately or severely decayed on the occlusion surface without pulpitis were chosen from 112 subjects.126 teeth were treated by Carisolv's method and 106 teeth by the traditional method.The degree of pain and the pulp piercing rate were assessed during the treatment.Results The toothache degree Ⅰ and Ⅱ accounted for 96.03% in Carisolv's method group,and 59.42% in control group,with statistically significant difference(P0.05).The pulp piercing rate in Carisolv's method was 1%,and that in control group was 28.57%,with statistically significant difference(P0.05).Conclusions Carisolv's method is safe,noiseless,highly painless,and therefore readily acceptable by children.It should be popularized in dental therapeutics.


The evidence on horizontal mergers' effect on competition is mixed at best. We develop a measure of the degree of product similarity, and hence competition intensity in an industry, and examine its effect on a firm's propensity to make a horizontal acquisition, and the impact of the acquisition on the firm, its rivals, and supplier and customer firms. Industry product similarity positively impacts a firm's propensity of making a horizontal acquisition and acquisition announcement returns for the firm and its industry rivals. Consistent with a competition reduction motive, the effects are stronger when overall industry competition is greater. We then examine the implications of these mergers and show that they result in higher prices, and this is anticipated in announcement returns. Supplier and customer stock prices react negatively. Deals we identify as being motivated to reduce competition are more likely to be subsequently challenged by antitrust authorities. Overall, our findings imply that in industries with high product similarity, horizontal acquisitions are used to raise incumbent firms' market power.


The Order Characiformes is considered one of the largest groups of freshwater fish in
the world, adding up to more than 2,000 valid species. Among the Characiformes, the
representatives of the Lebiasinidae family are a monophyletic group. They are small and
medium sized fish and are characterized by their well elongated cylindrical body containing
numerous scales that are relatively large, varying from 17 to 33 in the longitudinal series. The
Family currently has about 75 species described and divided into two subfamilies
(Lebiasininae and Pyrrhulininae). The genus Nannostomus of the Nannostomini tribe, having
a fusiform body, bright and vivid colors, and their "head-up" swim, make this genus highly
prized and commercially exploited by aquarists worldwide, popularly known as pencil fish.
The genus Copella is also highly appreciated by aquarists due to of their ornamental
character. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are morphometric
variations in seasonal periods in Nannostomus beckfordi and Copella arnoldi, and to relate
them to possible ecological or environmental aspects of these two species occurring in the
Itamacaoca forest, municipality of Chapadinha- MA. The hypothesis was tested using the
PCA (Principal Component Analysis) order analysis, and the MANOVA (Multivariate
Analysis of Variance) test was used to verify the effect of the variables. The results obtained
confirm that there are morphometric differences for Nannostomus beckfordi with 83.1% of
variation found, and Copella arnoldi with 67.1% of variation found. Such discriminations
indicate local adaptive variation and are associated with swimming ability, suggesting an
adaptive strategy for survival in the seasonal periods.


Why Since the late 1800's fossil fuel use, expansion of cultivated agriculture, and forest clearing have led to an increase in atmospheric CO2 from 260 ppm to current levels >370 ppm (IPPC, 1995) (Fig. 1). Most of the recent increase in CO2 has been attributed to combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation. This increase in atmospheric CO2 potentially impacts climate, as it is a greenhouse gas. It has been estimated that 20-40% of targeted emission reductions in the U.S. can be met by carbon sequestration into soils.


sible for a labor government to enforce legal sanctions against unions and workers. "Unless," the author asserts, "there is firm and widespread conviction that arbitration is just and equitable, it will not work." It has probably helped, the author concedes, during emergency periods and he thinks for the immediate future planned production implies planned wages fixed by public authorities. After making this concession the author promptly warns that the "institutional background of Norway's most recent experience with compulsory arbitration renders dubious the application of any generalizations therefrom to the contemporary American scene." This is an important book for political theorists and public administrators as well as for specialists in labor and economics. For social scientists generally it sets a high standard for painstaking inquiry, careful reporting, and penetrating but guarded analysis and interpretation.


This study aims to determine the magnitude of direct and indirect influence of internal factor variables in the form of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial motivation and external factors in the form of family environment to entrepreneurial interests. The study population is all FEBI IAIN Langsa students who have taken entrepreneurship courses. Samples were taken with nonprobability sampling technique of purposive sampling, and the number of samples were 60 active students. The research method used survey method with quantitative approach. Data analysis using path analysis with the help of MSI program, SPSS version 16 and LISREL 8.8 (student). Based on the results of research internal factors in the form of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship motivation and external factors in the form of family environment have a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial interests.
Keywords: Internal Factors, Eksternal Factors, Minat Berwirausaha


In this research the optimum conditions to prepare films from corn and tapioca starch were determined. It was found that the suitable condition for obtaining gelatinized starch solutions was at temperature around 80-85°C and they were then dried at 100°C for 24 hours. Films from both corn and tapioca starch appeared homogeneous and suitable for utilization. To study the effect of glycerol used as a plasticizer on the properties of the film, starch was mixed with different amount of glycerol to obtain different mass ratio of starch to glycerol of 6:4, 7:3 and 8:2, respectively. As a result, for both types of starch, when increasing the amount of glycerol, both tensile strength and water absorbability of the film were decreased while film flexibility and water vapor permeability were increased. When comparing at the same glycerol content, it was found that the film allowing higher flux of water vapor and higher elongation percentage was from corn starch, whereas the film showing higher water absorption capacity and flexibility is from tapioca.


Uveitis is the most common extraarticular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); if not diagnosed and treated in time, it can lead to severe complications and loss of vision. This report describes a novel algorithm for screening, treating, and monitoring uveitis in children with JIA. Ophthalmic screening of children with JIA is based on individual risk factors for uveitis. Treatment strategies include use of local glucocorticoids at the initial stage, followed by non-biological and then biological immunosuppressive drugs in severe or refractory cases. Therapy initiation and discontinuation schemes are detailed, and the need for further research is emphasized.


In traditional Chinese medicine, the therapeutic importance of orchids of the genus Dendrobium is widely recognized. In 2013, (+)-dendrowardol C (VI) was isolated from the stems of Dendrobium wardianum Warner, an orchid endemic to southern China and Southeast Asia. This sesquiterpenoid possesses an unprecedented, congested tetracyclic ring system bearing nine contiguous stereogenic centers and thus poses an intriguing synthetic challenge. The first part of this doctoral thesis presents a synthetic analysis of (+)-dendrowardol C (VI), which dissects a number of approaches for the construction of the highly bridged carbon framework, including oxy-COPE rearrangements and [2+2] photocycloadditions. The successful route commenced with (R)-(–)-carvone (I) as an inexpensive chiral starting material and relied on a sequence involving late-stage cyclobutane formation and diastereoselective hydroboration (Scheme I). Scheme I: Overview of the synthesis of (+)-dendrowardol C (VI). Key features included an intramolecular aldol addition to forge the central bicyclic scaffold III, selective homologation of ketone III, and 4-exo-trig cyclization to form the embedded cyclobutane. Construction of the four-membered carbocycle was enabled by intramolecular epoxide opening followed by formation of the last crucial C–C bond employing umpolung of γ-triflyloxy ketone IV. This latter transformation employing lithium naphthalenide as a reducing agent raises mechanistic questions and may be of general use in other cyclization reactions. Finally, the last stereogenic center was set by diastereoselective cobalt-catalyzed hydroboration of the otherwise intractable 1,1-disubstituted double bond in V.


High lumbar disc herniations (L1-2,L2-3,and L3-4) are much less common than the disc lesions of the lower lumbar levels, and there were only a few reports discussed them in detail. We present sixteen patients with high lumbar disc herniations, and discuss their clinical, surgical & imaging findings.
From April 1992 to April 1997, 16 patients with high lumbar disc herniations confirmed by Myelo-CT or MRI were reviewed retrospectively. There were 13 males and three females. The average age was 49.9 years (ranged from 33 to 69 years old). Duration of symptoms was from 3 days to 10 years. Clinical symptoms and signs included back pain, lower extremity pain, and various neurologic deficits of high lumbar root distributions. Fifteen patients received spinal nerve injections to confirm the affect roots. Three patients had disc herniations at L1-2, three at L2-3, patients at L3-4, including two extraforaminal herniations. Eight of the 16 patients were found to have thoracolumbar Scheuermann's disease. Fourteen patients had combined lower lumbar disc degeneration, the other two had isolated high lumbar disc degeneration and extraforaminal herniations. Six patients were treated conservatively, two of them had sequestrated disc, and four had extruded disc. Ten patients received operation due to intolerable pain and progressive muscle weakness. Six had sequestrated disc, and 4 had extruded disc.
High lumbar disc herniations are rare and they presented with various clinical pictures such as lateral thigh pain in L1-2 herniation, knee pain in L2-3 hermiation and anterior leg pain in L3-4 herniation. Weak quadriceps, decreased patellar reflex, positive tension sign, and sensory deficits are important meurologic findings. Most patients had coexisting diffuse lower lumbar degeneration and there is a slight increase in the proportion of patients at the older-age group. Preexisting thoracolumbar Scheuermann's disease with subsequent disc degeneration of the upper lumbar discs is one of the probable causes of high lumbar disc herniation. The relationship between thoracolumbar Scheuermann's disease and high lumbar disc degeneration needs further study. A high proportion of patients had sequestrated discs. Detailed history taking, careful physical examination and imaging studies. Adjunct with spinal root injection , are essential for correct diagnosis.


Feces and urine from beef cattle are not yet fully optimized by farmers. If there is a modification process with the feces and urine, it can be a source of organic fertilizer. Other than helping farmers with their fertilizer needs and supply, it will also reducing the environmental pollution. The purpose of this research is to understand feces and urine modification produced by beef cattle to increase the productivity of sweet corn's plant. Randomized Block Design (RBD) 7 treatments and 5 repetition groups were being used in this research. P0 (without fertilizer), P1(1 NPK),P2(¾NPK),P3(¾NPK+ ½Organic),P4 (¾ NPK+ 1 organic), P5 (¾NPK+ 1½ Organic),P6 (1 NPK + 1 organic). Variable being observed consisted of: growth power (%), fruit weight (g), sweet corn production (ton ha-1), and sweet corn waste production (ton ha-1). Data obtained were being analyzed by an analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that the growing power of P3, P4, P5, and P6 applications were higher (P <0.05) than P2 and P1, the fruit weights of P5 applications were greater (P <0.05) than P3, P2, P1, and P0, and fruit weight from applications P1, P2, P3, and P4 were not significantly different (P <0.05). Likewise, with the application of P4, P5, and P6, the result of fruit weights was not significantly different (P <0.05). The production of sweet corn from P3, P4, P5, P6 applications was higher (P <0.05) than applications P0, P1, and P2. The highest production of sweet corn waste was obtained from the application of P4 and P5 and the lowest was in the application of P0 (P <0.05), between P4 and P5 the production of sweet corn waste was not significantly different (P> 0.05). The productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt) through the application of modified beef cattle feces and urine with a combination (¾NPK + 1½ Organic) on sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt) land increased as seen from the growing power, fruit weight, Sweet Corn production (Zea mays L. saccarata sturt.), and sweet corn waste (Zea mays saccharata sturt ).


Abstract : It is widely agreed that technical documents for equipment are poorly written and hard to comprehend. This has been a long-standing problem because the information-processing demands of editing and revision are so high that many comprehensibility problems go undetected. However, many of these problems can be detected by competurized systems that scan a document and point out where the writing can be improved. Existing systems of this type are based on conventional writing customs, rather than on the research literature on comprehension, and give poor advice or miss important problems. They also do not process the input document to any depth. An approach to advanced writing aids is described; such a system would base its criticisms on what is known about the cognition psychology of comprehension, and would make use of techniques from Artifical Intelligence for processing the language. Some examples of the relevant research results are presented, and a demonstration system of this type is briefly described. Author supplied key words include: Reading comprehension, Writing aids, and Artificial intelligence.


A feasible scheme for construction of continuous variable odd-even coherent entangled channel is proposed in a novel linear optical network. The degree of entanglement of the desired entangled channel and success probability for generating maximal entanglement are discussed. It is showed that the degree of entanglement of the entangled channel generated in our scheme is only related with the assisted beam splitter when the two parallel ones are identical, and the success probability of generating maximally entangled channel improves with the increasing of the reflection coefficients of two parallel beam splitters and decreasing of the initial input coherent parameters for a given assisted beam splitter, such as a symmetrically balanced one.


This study aims to quantify the effect of splice connections in columns of steel frames on the responses for DBE and MCE level of ground motions. Inelastic dynamic time history analysis was conducted to assess splice and frame demands. Splices were characterized by strength and stiffness and were explicitly considered in the analyses. It was shown that (1) the presence of flexible splices increased the frame first and second mode periods by about 2% and 4%, respectively; (2) non-zero flexible splices increased storey drift ratios by up to 11%; (3) splice stiffnesses had almost no effect on frame displacements; (4) the splice moment demand increased with increasing splice stiffness on the frame and was as high as 47% of the column flexural capacity; (5) shear demand on splices can reach 48% of the nominal shear capacity; and (6) splice location can affect the demands of the frame and splices.


Summary.  Background: Increased homocysteine levels in blood might be an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was found to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque progression. So far, the possible connection between homocysteine and CTGF has not been studied.


With decreasing structure sizes on masks also the acceptable CD variation corridor for printing on the wafer and therefore, the maximum allowed defect size is decreasing. This has not only implications to the accuracy and repeatability of front-end processes such as writers, etchers, etc. but also challenges defect inspection and qualification. Defect qualification is usually done by an AIMSTM tool which optically simulates the aerial image of the structures by applying the same illumination conditions as the wafer fabs' scanners. As lithographers continue to produce smaller and smaller structures, the as well decreasing acceptable design variation pushes the AIMSTM evaluation step by step towards a metrology method. Thus, an advanced measurement capability of the AIMSTM tool is mandatory to reliably disposition defects within these small margins. It is influenced by the performance of illumination, imaging homogeneity, and stability. A possible measure for the tool's capability is the (long term) repeatability, i.e. the 3σ-variance of the tool by evaluating the same defect with a certain frequency over several weeks. The AIMSTM fab 193i platform takes into account the tightened requirements with respect to homogeneity and stability by improved optics such as a new beam homogenizer module, new energy monitoring and vibration isolation concept. In this paper we show data on the long term repeatability compared between the first generation AIMSTM fab 193SE and the new AIMSTM fab 193i platform and discuss the implications on the measurement capabilities of the two platforms.


Chemical discrimination of bulk and interface Ca 2p x‐ray photoelectron diffraction modulations is used to identify three growth regimes during the initial stages of CaF2 epitaxy on Si(111). Low flux, high temperature conditions produce island growth atop a nonwetting, chemically reacted Ca‐F interface layer. Changing the growth kinetics by increasing the flux produces more laminar growth. Lowering the substrate temperature produces a more stoichiometric CaF2 interface layer that results in immediate wetting and laminar growth.


Invoking the stereotype content model (SCM), two studies examined how television portrayals of gay men are arrayed in terms of warmth and competence. Participants were exposed to a sitcom and asked about their perceptions of two leading gay male characters. Results suggest that effeminate portrayals are more stereotypical, warmer, and less competent than masculine gay characters, yet these characterizations did not differ in terms of perceived valence. This novel application of the SCM helps to more explicitly define stereotypicality in the context of televised portrayals of gay men and demonstrates the utility of the model in advancing media studies of stereotypes.


Summary Clark, R. A. 1979. Seasonal levels of body fat, protein, ash and moisture in the Sacred Ibis. Ostrich 50:129-133. Sacred Ibises Threskiornis aethiopicus in Pretoria, Transvaal, were analyzed for body composition throughout the year. Body fat levels in adults and immatures were approximately 7% of feather-free empty body mass in the winter. Just prior to breeding the levels of fat were approximately 12% in adults and 6% in immatures. Lowest levels were recorded for adults and immatures in January (3,5%). In contrast to fat, levels of moisture, protein and ash did not appear to vary significantly between seasons.


In this work a rectangular dielectric resonator-based antenna array is designed and analyzed. This explores the attainment of high gain and MIMO operation, both of which offer utility in 5G mm-wave applications. The proposed design features four rectangular dielectric radiators (DRs) that are mounted on a RT Duroid ($\varepsilon\mathrm{r}=2.2$) substrate, these radiators are excited by microstrip line-fed rectangular slots. Simulations demonstrate the impedance bandwidth between 28.6-29.32 GHz and an improvement of 11 dB in maximum gain. The requisite performance metrics of the proposed MIMO array antenna were simulated and evaluated. All the metrics ECC, DG and CCL were found to be within the standard threshold.


A GPU-based method of multi-volume rendering is described. the analytic results are supported by simulations of volume rendering on a number of scenes with function-based surfaces. our method supports a large number of volumes, complex translucent functional objects as well as constructive solid geometry intersections of volumes and function-based surfaces.


Objective: To evaluate the imaging of cytoplasmic movements in human oocytes as a potential method to monitor the pattern of Ca 2 þ oscillations during activation. Design: Test of a laboratory technique. Setting: University medical school research laboratory. Patient(s): Donated unfertilized human oocytes from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Intervention(s): Microinjection of oocytes with phospholipase C (PLC) zeta ( z ) cRNA and a Ca 2 þ -sensitive fl uorescent dye. Main Outcome Measure(s): Simultaneous detection of oocyte cytoplasmic movements using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and of Ca 2 þ oscillations using a Ca 2 þ -sensitive fl uorescent dye. Result(s): MicroinjectionofPLC z cRNAintohumanoocytesthathadfailedtofertilizeafterICSIresultedintheappearanceofprolongedCa 2 þ oscillations. EachtransientCa 2 þ concentrationchangewasaccompaniedbyasmallcoordinatedmovementofthecytoplasmthatcouldbedetectedusingPIVanalysis. Conclusion(s): The occurrence and frequency of cytoplasmic Ca 2 þ oscillations, a critical parameter in activating human zygotes, can be monitored by PIV analysis of cytoplasmic movements. This simple method provides a novel, noninvasive approach to determine in real time the occurrence and frequency of Ca 2 þ oscillations in human zygotes.


A number of design options for a small power flux-switching permanent magnet machine incorporating a large airgap (δ = 3 mm) with arbitrary magnet shape and the application of grain-oriented material is investigated. The characteristics of the flux paths in the stator as well as in the rotor teeth of a flux switching permanent magnet machine make it possible to use anisotropic electrical steel sheet which has superior magnetic properties and low loss generation as well. Even if the magnetic flux in some machine parts goes along the hard magnetization axis the application of grain-oriented material is still an interesting design option for highly saturated machines.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the controllability of several pursuit movements of the arm muscles. Three subjects in a sitting position were studied for elbow flextion and extension. Three wave forms (sinusoidal, sawtooth and rectangular) on VDT were followed by the subjects, and 5 work loads were given at 0.3 Hz frequency. The following results were obtained. 1. There was phasic delay in the order: sinusoidal (-10•‹), sawtooth (-15•‹), rectangular (-20•‹). 2. An overshoot phenomenon was observed for each wave form during the flexion phase at a work load under 10% of the maximum strength. At a work load of over 10% of the maximum strength, an undeshoot phenomenon was observed. 3. With regrd to controllability, the error area increased in the order: sinusoidal (4 •` 7%), sawtooth (6•`12%), rectangular (15•`25%). 4. There was a significantly smaller EMG output from antagonists during both the flexion and extension phases at workloads of 4 and 8 kg. ( Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 1991, 40:74•`82) key words: Controllability, Exercise of the elbow joint, Pursuit movement


The invention relates to a device (1) for controlling the temperature of a power source, in particular a battery (5) of a vehicle (3), comprising: - a first fluid path (7) of an air conditioner (9) for tempering and conveying air, - thermally one of the battery assigned or assignable second fluid path (11) for guiding a cooling medium, a cooler (33) and the air conditioner (9), - associated or the air conditioner (9) can be assigned to the third fluid path (13) for guiding a refrigerant of a refrigerating machine (15) for generating refrigeration. In order to enable an improved temperature control of the power source, it is envisaged that the first fluid path (7), a refrigerant-air heat exchanger (21) of the third fluid path (13) and downstream of this a cooling medium-to-air heat exchanger (25) of the second fluid path ( 11) of the air conditioner (9).


Laser speckle effect is in a sense unique. One part of the optical society working with coherent illumination considers it as a nuisance. So, in holography, laser interferometry, optical coherence tomography, laser-based information visualization, and many other fields the speckle effect is nothing but a noise. At the same time, another part of the society considers it as an asset, since the speckle effect provides ample opportunities for monitoring of displacements, deformations, and alterations of other properties of various objects. And even though the speckle effect is known for several decades, the fields related to it are still developing actively. In this thesis, least detectable speckle transition equal to the average speckle size has been used as a criterion for estimation of the accuracy limits of the measuring systems based on the spatial filtration of dynamic speckles. It is shown that the resolution of any measuring system using the spatial filtration of dynamic speckles is defined only by the geometry of the optical system. Theoretical analysis of statistical properties of the signal in the systems with spatial filtering shows that the signal frequency can be evaluated with precision sufficient to achieve the highest possible accuracy. The developed theory allows for designing an optimal measuring system, and can be used for comparison of this system performance with that of the competing methods. Also here has been proposed novel architecture of the scanning dynamic-speckles range sensor with a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) deflecting mirror for surface scanning. Usage of the MEMS deflector makes the range sensor more compact, reliable and cost-efficient in comparison with the previously reported versions. It is shown that harmonic oscillations of the MEMS mirror do not compromise the sensor accuracy. For the signal processing here was used the zero-crossing method, which is simple, fast and robust. The scheme typical for the dynamic-speckles range sensor has been used to demonstrate feasibility of new for detection of the small defects on the surface of nontransparent scattering materials. This technique is immune to the low frequency optical noise and provides high fidelity of measurements. It is shown that its resolution is defined solely by the geometrical parameters of the optical system. Simplicity and versatility of the proposed technique provides a good basis for practical applications in the industrial quality inspection systems. The novel method for estimation of light penetration depth (LPD) in turbid media which is also presented in this work is based on analysis of the spatial structure variations of the laser speckle patterns caused by the change of the illumination conditions. Simple theoretical model based on the theory of Bragg diffraction from volume holograms was used for description of the speckle patterns behavior. It is shown that this model allows quantitative estimation of the LPD if the refractive index of studied material is known, while qualitative LPD estimation does not require knowledge of any optical properties of the material. Universal Decimal Classification: 531.715, 531.719.2, 535.374, 621.375.826,


The fading of dyes and tendering of fibres caused by exposure of dyed textiles to light is illustrated by work carried out at the Shirley Institute, and the importance of considering the fibre–dye–atmosphere system as a whole is emphasised. The same dyes differ in their effect on the photochemical degradation of cellulose acetate and nylon. Tendering of cotton is shown to be caused almost entirely by ultraviolet radiation, and the effect of light quality on fading and tendering is demonstrated. Tendering of vat-dyed cotton on north- and south-facing exposure is examined, and the behaviour of undyed and dyed cotton on indoor and outdoor exposure leads to the examination of the effects of atmospheric contaminants, particularly sulphur dioxide, in causing serious photochemical damage. Possible methods of protection from the damaging effects of light are discussed.


China as a country of great international space activities,has made progress in space debris research techniques,but liability system for damage caused by space debris still has a lot of deficiencies. For example,legislation system of space debris mitigation is not complete,and there is lack of unified management agency of space debris 、policy of space debris and legislation system of space debris mitigation do not coordinate,and it is lack of liabilities insurance system. On the improvement of Chinese liability system for damage caused by space debris,we should regulate legislation system of space debris mitigation clear the liability for damage caused by space debris,and uniy space debris authorities、space activities must be insured against third party liability insurance and related insurance and so on.


The automotive industry has been late in introducing object oriented (OO) analysis, design, and programming, compared to many other businesses. This is partly due to the fact that OO programming has been considered too expensive in terms of computational resources, but also because there are elements in the application functions for which OO methods do not give sufficient support. Nevertheless, OO techniques provide many advantages, and we discuss how they can be used for automotive real time control applications. The suggested approach is holistic in the following respects: it treats functionality on the vehicle level rather than on individual control units; it includes both the embedded system and its environment; and it considers both hardware and software.


Food service industry can speak dependence about manpower that it is very big typical human service industry. The greatest emphasis is placed on human resources in the food service industry and acquisition of good human resources alone became conditions for competitiveness in fiercely competitive circumstances among companies. Therefore, to correspond to environment that change rapidly with efficient administration of employees, function of leader and leadership is very been weighing real condition. In this study, analyzed experimentally what are the influences of servant leadership on the trustful relationship with leader and organizational commitment. This study`s results are as follows: First, Servant leadership exerted positive effects on trust for one`s superior. Second, this study shows servant leadership has a positive effect on organizational commitment. Third, the leader trust has a positive effect on the organizational commitment. In conclusion, servant leadership is expected to enhance the overall organizational effectiveness. Therefore, Food service companies will benefit by developing and applying a servant leadership program to adapt themselves to rapid environmental changes and managers will be able to achieve the goal of their team by exerting leadership suitable for members.


The animal model of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is used to study neuronal and behavioral changes produced by an increase in blood‐glucose levels. Our previous report showed that chronic streptozotocin administration induced atrophy of dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons of the CA1 dorsal hippocampus. In addition, we showed that Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, reduces the dendritic atrophy in animal models of aging. This study aimed to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations, after 6 weeks of hyperglycemia in mice (streptozotocin‐induced DM1). The levels of glucose in the blood were evaluated before and after streptozotocin administration and only animals with more than 240 mg/dL of blood‐levels of glucose were used. After streptozotocin treatment, the mice received 6 weeks of Cbl, locomotor activity was measured and dendritic morphological changes were evaluated using Golgi‐Cox stain procedure, and analyzed by the Sholl method. In mice treated with streptozotocin there was a clear reduction in the dendritic length of pyramidal neurons of the CA1 and granular cells of the dental gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, Cbl reversed the morphological changes induced by streptozotocin. Our results extend the list of abnormal morphological changes detected in this model of DM, and support the possibility that Cbl may have beneficial effects in the management of brain alterations induced by DM. Synapse 69:326–335, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Meson showers by heavy primary particles which have energy of 500 BeV per nucleon were studied with nuclear emulsions. Dealing with the event, " the nuclear disintegration cascade by heavy primary particle ", it was possible to estimate the energy of the primary particle with much accuracy by two methods, one by usual median angle of shower particles and the other by the opening angle of the fragmentation products of heavy primary particle. The angular distribution of the shower particle was studied and compared with the theory of Fermi and that of Landau.


Human population generates enormous amount of solid and liquid waste directly and produces industrial effluent indirectly. Due to usage of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture fields, man inflicts deep wounds on environment. Pollution is defined as undesirable changes occur in water, land and air. Waste generation has been observed to increase annually in proportion to the rise in population and urbanization. As more land is needed for the ultimate disposal of these solid wastes, issues related to disposal have become highly challenging.


Summary The existing research on translational universals (TUs) has so far been confined to limited language pairs such as English-German, English-French, Hungarian-English, Polish-English, English-Chinese, and Scandinavian languages with English being the focus. If the "translationese" or features of translational language that have been uncovered on the basis of translational English are to be generalized as translational universals, it is necessary that we should find proof or evidence from non-European languages or two typologically different languages such as Russian and Chinese. This paper, on the basis of self-compiled parallel Russian-Chinese corpora and comparable non-translational Chinese corpora of academic texts for humanities and social sciences, explores potential features of translational Chinese by taking translation of discourse markers (DMs) as an example. Through statistics and observation, this research concludes with four tentative translation universals: simplification, implicitation, strengthening and normalization among the translational Chinese of Russian DMs. Underlying reasons may lie in both typological differences between two languages and translators' choice of either target texts (TT) convention or source texts (ST) convention.


Based on the need of network development and the IEC 61850 communication framework,this paper discusses the concept of intelligent substation and proposes the implementation of intelligent network substation, relay protection,control devices,fault recorder and integrated misoperation prevention system.


The article demonstrates the mass media receiver, who interacts with media and after reading, listening or watching the content online reacts by web publishing. The article presents examples of such reactions in the form of texts, obtained as a result of expe-rimental research (hidden ethnographic participant observation, survey auto-ethnography, in-depth, standardized/structured individual interview), which subjects them to qualitative research. This rese-arch consists in the analysis of the content and its form by using methods dedicated to examine lingu-istic pragmatics and interactionism.Therefore, it is assumed that the individual receiver participates in the media interaction, which I understand as the mutually indirect interaction of the sender and the receiver in media communica-tion process. The receiver's reaction in this process may be, among others, online publishing, which is named as "surfer commentary".


Botnets have fully integrated and adapted in mobile devices. Security of mobile devices are not designed to detect threats such as botnets. This allows botnets to infect devices and go unnoticed. In this paper we propose an enhanced botnet detection technique called "Logdog" for mobile devices using log analysis. Our approach relies on analyzing logs of mobile devices to find evidence of botnet activities. We implement the technique in android, taking advantage of the android logging system using logcat command. The effectiveness of this method is shown by experimenting on android devices.


High-throughput, total-variation-diminishing based, numerical techniques for simulating tracer flow are developed. High-throughput (HT) timestepping enables explicit differencing techniques to use timesteps that are larger than allowed by normal stability constraints. Total-variation-diminishing (TVD) based techniques are a means of controlling the solution oscillations associated with high-order differencing schemes. The concept of `upstream stability` is introduced to help combine HT timestepping with TVD-based differencing. Additionally, an improved HT timestepping algorithm for solving physically dispersive flow problems is developed. Numerical experiments indicate that HT timestepping is most beneficial for solving highly convective flows that have both a physical Peclet number and a diffusion-only numerical Peclet number greater than one. Experiments comparing standard and alternating direction TVD-based techniques with both the Superbee (SB) and third-order based (L3) limiters indicate that the TVD-SB scheme is the most accurate for purely convective problems. For physically dispersive problems, the TVD-SB scheme may be too compressive and the TVD-L3 is recommended. The alternating direction TVD scheme is the least sensitive to timestepping and the most sensitive to grid-orientation.


We present a theoretical analysis of the effect of noise color on the mean beat frequency of a ring‐laser gyroscope based on the matrix continued‐fraction technique. The results are compared to measurements made on an electronic circuit model, and to digital simulations.


: In order to improve the capability of fabricating hollow glass microspheres (HGM) used for the laser fusion experiments by Liquid Droplet Method, the forming process of liquid droplets is analyzed quantitatively and the formulae for controling the liquid jet velocities, droplet diameters, diameters of the would-be-fabricated HGM and the flow coefficient of liquid jet through orifice are derived. Under the conditions of liquid feed-up pressures of 13.7kPa, 18.7kPa, 23.6kPa, 28.5kPa, 33.4kPa, 38.3kPa and 43.2kPa, and glass forming oxide concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0%, 12.0% and 16.0%, the flows of liquid jets through three different orifices with inner diameters of 108(m, 142(m and 168(m are experimentally measured respectively. Moreover, the possible combining conditions for quantitatively controling the liquid droplets forming process are shown. The results are in good agreement with the derived quantitative formulae.


In order to improve the anti-deformation and isolation ability of bridges under the action of vertical mining subsidence deformation in the mining areas,the control thoughts of double protection of anti-mining subsidence deformation and anti-seismic has been put forw ard. Firstly,basing on analyzing the principle of double protection of anti-mining subsidence deformation and anti-seismic of the bridge,w e put forw ard a new type of isolation protection control device of anti-mining subsidence deformation and analyzed the protection principle of anti-mining deformation and anti-seismic. Secondly,w e build the finite element model of a continuous slab bridge across three spans by the numerical analysis softw are to analyze and compare the vertical anti-deformation isolation effect of the double protection device under the coupled action of mining deformation and earthquake,and quantitatively analyze the damage degree of bridge structure caused by the mining subsidence and earthquake to put forw ard that double protection device of anti-deformation isolation can resist the damage of the bridge caused by coal mining effectively,and it can also decrease the dynamic response of the bridge caused by earthquake. The double protection device of anti-mining deformation subsidence deformation and anti-seismic can improve the performance of anti-mining and anti-seismic of bridge structure in mining area effectively,therefore it can provide scientific theory method and basis for mining bridge project safety construction and operation in our country.


The first edition appeared in 1965. It aimed to present an introduction to the fundamentals of neurological sciences in an intradisciplinary fashion and encompassed approximately 350 pages. Individual sections on neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, and neuropsychology were included. The original paperback has been replaced by a hard cover edition and now contains enlarged and newly completed illustrations of exceptional quality. The illustrations of the development of the cerebral hemispheres and of the cerebral circulation handle a difficult problem with particular clarity. Photographs of portmortem specimens add both variety and realism to the anatomical presentation. However, elimination of the sections of neurochemistry and neuropsychology make the title, Basic Neurology , inappropriate. The sections of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology remaining in the second edition are simplified and easily followed, making this text suitable as an introduction to these disciplines. The usual difficulties encountered in the elucidation of neural pathways had not been solved by supplementation


With the increasing variants of malware, it is of great significance to detect malware and ensure system security effectively. The existing malware dynamic detection methods are vulnerable to evasion attacks. For this situation, we propose a malware dynamic detection method based on mufti-feature ensemble learning. Firstly, the method adopts the combination of software features such as API call sequence with high detection precision and low-level hardware features such as resistance to evasion the memory dump grayscale and hardware performance counters. Secondly, we improve each feature based on the original research. We select a more advanced classifier model to improve the detection precision of a single feature. Finally, an ensemble learning algorithm composed of multiple classification algorithms detects malware, the multi-features can describe malware behavior from multi-dimensions to improve detection performance. We use a large number of malware sample dataset to experiment, and the results show that our detection method can obtain good detection precision rate, and is better than other recently proposed dynamic detection methods in anti-evasion performance.


Using progressive first-failure censored samples, we mainly study the inferences of the unknown parameters and the reliability and failure functions of the Inverted Exponentiated Half-Logistic distribution. The progressive first-failure censoring is an extension and improvement of progressive censoring, which is of great significance in the field of lifetime research. Besides maximum likelihood estimation, we use Bayesian estimation under unbalanced and balanced losses: General Entropy loss function, Squared Error loss function and Linex loss function. Approximate explicit expression of Bayesian estimation is given using Lindley approximation method for point estimation and Metropolis-Hastings method for point and interval estimation. Bayesian credible intervals and asymptotic confidence intervals are derived in the form of average length and coverage probability. To show the research effects, a simulation study and practical data analysis are carried out. Finally, we discuss the optimal censoring mode under four different criteria.


When a sinologist examines a given text of what he has been taught to call "Literary" or "Classical" Chinese, he must cope with three problems: the meanings of the individual words, their relationship in the sentence, and the broad significance of the whole passage. Though the last problem is primarily nonlinguistic, the correctness of its solution depends upon how adequately the first two problems have been handled. Dictionaries are the main aid to solving the first problem. Their effectiveness is limited because they too often fail to indicate which of many possible meanings that have been accumulating around a given character during the three-thousand-year course of Chinese lit201


This descriptive study focused on the Modular Distance Learning (MDL) expenses of Muñoz National High School – Main Senior High School (MNHS-Main SHS) teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty-five teachers were the respondents of the study. Data gathering was done online, a digitized version of the researcher-devised questionnaire was accomplished by the respondents through Google Forms. Basic descriptive statistics such as frequency, ranking, and percentage were utilized to compute the data. Results of the study show that for the 1 semester of the S.Y. 2020-2021, teachers have incurred at most 4,000 pesos monthly for the aforesaid supplies and allowances. Delayed release of allowances, bonuses, and other incentives leads teachers to incur out-of-pocket expenses. MDL implementation can put teachers' health at risk during module distribution and retrieval, resulting in an increase in workload for teachers, particularly when it comes to sorting and packing modules, as well as additional costs for school and office supplies, health and safety supplies, transportation allowances, and communication allowances. Thus, the study suggested that reimbursement procedures and requirements should be eased for a faster grant. A cellphone should be allotted by the school for teachers to communicate with their students and their parents. Moreover, teachers should be given access to the school's internet connection for effective communication and attendance at webinars. DepEd should also speed up its release of delayed allowances, bonuses, and other incentives. Keywords— Communication allowances, expenses, health and safety supplies, modular distance learning, school and office supplies, transportation allowances.


Background :Bisoprolol is an anti angina and ischemic therapy in patient with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover it can decrease mortality and rehospitalization rate up to 34 % and 28 %. However it is also known to increase erectile dysfunction risk. Leydig cells has beta receptor which contribute in testosterone release. The blockade of beta receptor by bisoprolol can inhibit testosterone release and cause erectile dysfunction (ED) Method :This retrospective case control study was done by age matched paired method. Men with CAD as diagnosed by angiography were evaluated for ED. Erectile function was assessed by a 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). History of disease and medical record were evaluated to check history of bisoprolol therapy for the last 6 month. Depression was screened using Indonesian version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Result : From 157 total subject, patients were divided into 105 patients in case group and 52 patients in control group. Ninety patients (85.7%) had history of bisoprolol therapy. The odd ratio of bisoprolol to have ED risk was 2, but there was not significant statistically (95% CI 0.85- 2.93; p= 0.262). From sub analysis result 5 mg bisoprolol therapy have significant statistic result to ED risk (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.12-6.25; p=0.026). Diabetes was another confounding factor which have significant risk to ED from multivariate analysis result (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.65-8.88, p=0.002). Conclussion : Stable CAD patients with bisoprolol therapy have a higher risk of ED compare with stable CAD patient without bisoprolol, however it was not statistically significant. Keywords : Bisoprolol; erectile dysfunction; stable coronary artery disease


Conformance and interoperability testing activities are crucial to the validation of real implementation. The challenges are nowadays well known and solutions for wired environments may be provided. Nevertheless, issues still remain for ad hoc routing protocols especially to check the reliability of Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Most of the works related to the validation of such protocols are based on simulation and emulation analysis of simulated/emulated implementations without taking into account formal specifications. Indeed, inherent constraints from these networks raise new problems and research targets. Moreover, for many reasons, it has often been shown that the results obtained from simulator studies are far from the real case studies. In this talk, first I propose to establish a state of the art of that purpose and the existing solutions. Then I will focus on the testing issues related to conformance and interoperability of MANET routing protocols. Finally a nodes' self similarity technique devoted to the protocol specification and the testing process is illustrated especially to optimize the testing coverage as well to deal with unexpected and unpredictable topologies, messages and verdicts. Interesting results are by the way provided and illustrated through experiments.


Abstract The migration of bound water and free water has been investigated during microwave drying of wood by the time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) technique. Both the heartwood (hW) and sapwood (sW) of Beijing poplar (Populus beijingensis W. Y. Hsu) and Qingpi poplar (Populus platyphylla T. Y. Sun) were studied. The microwave drying is characterized by a fast drying rate, and there is a linear relation between moisture content (MC) and microwave drying time (t). The drying rate of free water is about 2.7 times more rapid than that of bound water. The spin-spin relaxation time (T2) revealed that most of the water was free water situated in smaller pores. The irregular T2 signal amplitudes of free water in hWs indicated that fractional water in smaller pores was transferred into bigger pores during drying.


Calculation formulas are derived for estimating the optimal parameters of optical components needed to match Gaussian radiation beams to fiber waveguides of elliptic (and more specifically, circular) cross section. Relationships are obtained for estimating the efficiency of coupling of optical energy into such waveguides by matching devices. A unified method is proposed for the design of focons (tapering fibers), objectives, and microlenses (anamorphic, spherical, and cylindrical) used in matching of lasers to fiber waveguides.


Purpose
This paper aims to explore the extent to which principles of recovery-oriented practice are evident in the published perspectives and experiences of health professionals and service users on seclusion in adult mental health services.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review informed by PRISMA guidelines was conducted, drawing from four databases, which were searched in August 2018 and August 2022. Only original empirical studies rated as having "major" relevance were included. Data were extracted from 31 studies and qualitatively synthesised through deductive analysis using recovery principles as themes.

Findings
There was limited evidence of perceptions of seclusion being being consistent with recovery principles, with greater evidence of perceptions that directly opposed them. Studies of service user perspectives highlighted this more often than staff perspectives. The findings highlight paradoxical relationships between care and control and conflicting rights and emphasise the need to openly acknowledge the complexity of seclusion and its interface with recovery.

Research limitations/implications
This review was developed in line with international best practice and the protocol was registered. Using a search string with only three components maximised sensitivity during searches and minimised the risk of relevant literature being missed. Limitations include the focus on studies where the full text was published in English.

Originality/value
This review makes a unique contribution, highlighting that, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies to date have explicitly explored the perspectives and experiences of staff and service users on the use of seclusion in the context of recovery-oriented practice. The findings are relevant to clinical practice, policy and future research, including amending procedures and practices to partially reconcile seclusion and recovery where the seclusion is deemed necessary.


My glam, you glam, we glam. A cross-reading of curating and fashion.How do fashion and curating interact in contemporary exhibitions? The topic of my argument is positioned at the crossroads of exhibition-making and fashion, therefore I would like to know what an exhibition does and what fashion does. I see both discursive formations, curating and fashion, as spaces of representation, as spaces of negotiation. In these spaces of representation, subject positions are proposed and learned; ideas of race, class and gender are put into view.


bution of this family of plants, Compositae dermatitis is often misdiagnosed (13). Sunflowers are widely cultivated in France and the rest of Europe. The frequency of positive patch tests has been reported to be as high as 4.3% among farmers (5). Because allergens are contained in the trichomes of sunflower leaves (5), and because these are easily transported by the wind, the sunflower must be suspected in any airborne dermatitis occurring during summer.


Of vertebrae-like protrusions sheet FOCE balers (1) is provided with a sheet-like protrusions and the pyramidal (23), and a seat 7 vertebrae-like protrusions formed, the sealing seat (9). Sheet-like protrusions (23) are pyramidal and has a base (23a) and a plurality of vertebrae-like protrusions (23b) formed on a surface (23c) of the base (23a). Sheet pyramidal-like protrusions molding 7 has been used to form a plurality of pyramidal projections (23b) In addition, it has a plurality of vertebrae-like protrusions (23b) with a plurality of pyramidal recess portion (33a) disposed, gas It protects the state vertebrae-like protrusions (23b) in close contact with the surface (23c) of (23a). The sealing seat (9), by being fixed to the vertebrae-like protrusions formed sheet (7) is sealed in between the vertebrae the projection sheet 23 the seat 7 vertebrae-like protrusions formed.


Solar Evolutionary Models are briefly reviewed and while the models are robust, there are uncertainties in the input data which justify rather larger errors. The 1992 experimental results from GALLEX, SAGE II and Kamiokande are shown to be consistent with calculated fluxes of solar neutrinos whereas the Chlorine results continue to be significantly low though this experiment has a problem with the high variability with time of its results in contradiction to Kamiokande. It is concluded that the evidence for a solar neutrino problem is not compelling and New Physics are not demanded. Further experiments are essential to search for neutrino masses and to study the Sun.


Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome; MIM 187300) is characterised by vascular dysplasia and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. HHT occurs among many ethnic groups over a wide geographical area. Recent epidemiological studies have revealed an incidence for this disease of 1 in 5000–8000.1,2 In most cases, the manifestations of HHT are not present at birth, but develop with age; epistaxis is usually the earliest sign, often occurring in childhood, while mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal telangiectases develop progressively with age.3 Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the pulmonary, cerebral, or hepatic circulations account for some of the most devastating clinical complications of HHT and are due to direct connections between arteries and veins.4 The shunting of blood through these lesions can lead to serious complications such as hypoxemia, stroke, brain abscess, heart failure, and fatal haemorrhage.4,5 Pulmonary and cerebral AVMs can occur in children, while hepatic complications increase with age.

HHT1 is associated with a higher prevalence of pulmonary and cerebral AVMs than HHT2.6 HHT1 is due to mutations in the Endoglin gene ( ENG ; MIM 131195),7 which codes for a homodimeric integral membrane glycoprotein expressed predominantly on the vascular endothelium. A total of 112 distinct ENG mutations distributed throughout the gene have been reported.8–11

Mutations in the ALK -1 gene ( ACVRL1 ; MIM 601284), coding for an activin-like kinase receptor type I of the TGF-β superfamily predominantly expressed in endothelial cells,6,12–14 are responsible for HHT2. A total of 80 mutations of different types have been identified to date.10,11

The underlying mechanism of HHT1 (and probably HHT2) is haploinsufficiency, which implies that a reduction in the amount of protein to half normal levels predisposes to disease and that mutation type or position does not affect …


Best economy of the country is the best source for the growth of industry, for the best economy there is the important role of industry, same sugar industry has its greater role. The objective of this research are to judge the power of financial ratios for evaluating sugar Z values and to look at the financial strength of the Pakistan sugar sector, the secondary data from 2011 to 2015 of 32 listed sugar firms has been taken to find out financial distress. The data withdraw added working capital, total assets, retained earnings, total liabilities and sales. The study recognized that the Altman's Z-score model was suitable for finding financial distress of the sugar industry. The study recommends the acceptance of Altman's  model in predicting financial distress of the sugar industry. Keywords: Sugar manufacturing, Financial distress, Altman Z-score.


The energy position of the Eg→A2g emission transition of Mn4+ in α-LiAlO2 is identified and the electronic energy levels calculated using the exchange charge model of crystal field theory. The results of our calculations yield the crystal field splitting and Racah parameters of Dq = 2351 cm−1, B = 650 cm−1 and C = 3469 cm−1, with C/B = 5.3. The calculated Mn4+ energy levels are in good agreement with the experimental spectra that have been presented in the literature. A study that develops the relationship between the energy of the Eg state with the connectivity of the octahedral moieties and deviation of O-Mn-O bond angle in the equatorial plane from the ideal value of 90◦ is presented. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0031801jss] All rights reserved.


A 35-year-old male presented with a giant cutaneous horn over the right leg. The patient was continuously exposed to minor trauma/ irritation at the site of development of the horn. There was bleeding from the base of horn due to trauma. Excision of the cutaneous horn with an elliptical incision and primary closure of defect was done under spinal anesthesia. Histopathological examination showed underlying seborrheic keratosis.


Recent studies have demonstrated that pulmonary vein (PV) ablation is a promising treatment for patients with paroxysmal atrial Ž brillation.1 -4 During either focal1 -4 or circumferential5 ,6 PV ablation procedure, contrast pulmonary venography is essential to delineate the anatomy of the PVs to guide positioningof the mapping and ablation catheters and to assess the development of PV stenosis after the procedure. However, selective pulmonary venography that requires multiple cannulation and contrast injection in the PVs is time consuming and may be difŽ cult. Adenosine has been used in pediatric catheterization laboratories for better visualization of venous anatomy. We describe a modiŽ ed technique to perform nonselective contrast pulmonary venogram enhanced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) injection, which can facilitate the PV ablation procedure. A 45-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial Ž brillation underwent focal PV ablation. After standard transseptal puncture, nonselective contrast pulmonary venograms were obtained by injection of 20 mL of contrast via an 8-French sheath positioned in the mid-portion of left atrium. Before ATP injection,only the ostia and the proximal segment of the left superior and left inferior PVs could be clearly visualized during venography (Fig. left; LIPV left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV left superior pulmonary vein; RIPV right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV right superior pulmonary vein). However, after bolus intravenous injectionof ATP 20 mg to induce atrial stasis by creating complete AV block, all the ostia and major branches of the PVs could be clearly identiŽ ed (Fig. right). This technique can be used to identify the ostia of the PVs for catheter positioningduring the procedure and to assess changes in PV size after radiofrequency ablation.


The aim of the study was to determine the growth of immature cocoa plants in the provision of NPK phonka fertilizer. This research was conducted from February to May 2016 in North Samarinda District, East Kalimantan. The study used a randomized block design with five replications. The treatment of NPK Phonska fertilizer (N) consists of 3 levels, namely control (n0), 250 g / plant (n1), 500 g / plant (n2). Data were analyzed statistically and tested further with the smallest significant difference test (LSD) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the best growth of cocoa plants was the administration of Phonska NPK 500 g / plant.


In this paper the author analyses the weighted Renyi entropy in order to derive several inequalities in weighted case. Furthermore, using the proposed notions $\alpha$-th generalized derivation and ($\alpha$; p)-th weighted Fisher information, extended versions of the moment-entropy, Fisher information and Cramer-Rao inequalities in terms of generalized Gaussian densities are given.


Operable system is provided to perform the automatic synchronization within the system. The system comprises a first data memory 20 for storing the first data set, the first memory 20 is coupled to the communications network 10. The system further comprises a portable device 100 that includes a second data memory 130 for storing the second data set, said portable device comprises a wireless transceiver 150, wireless transceiver 150, a first data set It includes data memory 320 for storing a record of synchronization updates it is necessary to synchronize by aligning a second data set with each other. The transceiver 150, in order to synchronize the first data set and second data set at least partially automatically, within communication range of the communication network 10,30A, when introduced together with the portable device 100 it is operable.


This paper introduces a new and effective approach for visualizing complex magnetic fields. The paper defines a local approach for measuring the degree of local directional change of magnetic field vectors and uses this measure to generate volume visualizations that emphasize areas with highest values of locally integrated directional change of a vector field. The presented method was motivated by the need for having more effective tools supporting interactive exploration of the intricate magnetic field behavior captured in extremely large simulated data of the Earth's magnetic field. Of particular interest is a better understanding of the causal relationship between the Earth's convection phenomena (geodynamo) and the induced magnetic field, with high turbulent behavior in the Earth's core. The introduced local filter-based approach for visualization leads to a significant reduction in the amount of scientifically relevant data to be focused on in a rendering, and it therefore accelerates the overall scientific exploratory process. The viability of the method is demonstrated by specific examples.


To the Editor:— I should like to continue to inform The Journal readers about the peregrinations of an ex-patient, Leo Lamphere, Two previous letters published in the Correspondence section have related how this patient for the past two years has gone from hospital to hospital across the United States with complaints of hemoptysis, thrombophlebitis, and presumptive pulmonary infarction. The dozens of hospitals in which this man has found shelter include the University of Iowa hospital, the University of Wisconsin hospital, and the University of Michigan hospital. Through the columns ofThe Journal, the medical profession is gradually becoming aware of this man's existence. He was rapidly discharged from the University of Michigan hospital only to find his way to Colorado General Hospital in Denver. One of the interns there remembered having seen the patient at Highland Alameda County Hospital in California with self-inflicted gum lacerations. The patient was promptly discharged


In a market basket study made in Nanjing, China, in which the most common consumed nine kinds of vegetables foodstuffs were sampled, the contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). The results showed that the total amount of 16 PAHs was within the range of 60.5~312 ng g−1 (wet weight). The ranking of total concentrations for different types of vegetables in decreasing order was leafy vegetable, fruit vegetable, and rhizome vegetable. Source analysis suggested that coal, oil, or other incomplete combustion of biomass mainly contributed to the concentration of PAHs. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach with age/gender group-specific daily dietary exposure level was used to estimate the carcinogenic risk. The calculated total mean MOE in the case of BaP and PAH4 (sum of BaA, CHR, BbF, and BaP) was 14960 and 7723, respectively, for local residents. In addition, the MOEs in PAH4 for some groups of both male and female were below the critical limit of 10 000 proposed by EFSA. Therefore, health effect owing to the consumption of vegetables on local residents needs high concern.


This aritcle describes a simple alternative unified method of solving nonlinear regular perturbation problems. The procedure is based upon the manipulation of Taylor's approximation for the expansion of the nonlinear term in the perturbed equation. An essential feature of this technique is the relative simplicity used and the associated unified computational procedure that is employed. As such it should be of interest to teachers of applied mathematics courses, particularly those courses which include perturbation methods. One of the merits of this approach is that it leads on naturally to a scheme based on Taylor's expansions and, consequently, allows the regular perturbation method to be introduced into a course much earlier than is currently common. The method is illustrated by implementing it to four perturbation problems, including two algebraic equations and two initial-value problems. The new approach is compared and contrasted with the traditional perturbation scheme in order to demonstrate its relative merit.


This paper represented the meaning of the link between design file and map property database in the digital coordinated mapping system for scale1∶250000based microstation.mainly,it illustrated how to registrate the data source with program in place of in the windows control panel step by step.