1 IntroductionThe acronym CLIL stands for Content and Language Integrated Learning and refers to teaching curricular content in a foreign language, unlike other programs in which a regional or co-official language is used (see Lasagabaster & Sierra 2010). The implementation of programs whereby an L2 becomes the medium of instruction, which Lightbown and Spada (2006) define as "two for one" programs, has a dual focus, as students both learn the content of the subject concerned and improve their foreign language competence. This is a question of the utmost importance at a time when a crowded curriculum leaves little additional space to devote to teaching the foreign language.In this context the CLIL approach is undergoing an exponential development on all the rungs of the Spanish educational ladder and in many other countries (Kuteeva 2011), as a result of which the number of research studies has also increased significantly. Yet there are still many unanswered questions, one of which is the impact of the teacher's background on students' perceptions about their learning of the foreign language and content. Too often content-based teaching is carried out paying minimum attention to students' use of the target language and without examining the features of the language output. This is due to the fact that there is a widespread belief that CLIL students learn the target language without paying any special heed to language forms. In other words, it is assumed that learning will take place just by being exposed to the language in class, despite warning bells from authors such as Lyster (2007) who claim that such learning is not systematic and that it is necessary to focus explicitly on form. The study by Rodgers (2006) confirms the latter, since students of geography in English as L2 managed to make headway in both content and language due to the beneficial effect of the incorporation of activities designed to focus on language forms. However, studies undertaken in both Spain (Doiz, Lasagabaster & Sierra 2011) and other European and international contexts (Doiz, Lasagabaster & Sierra 2013, van der Walt 2013) conclude that university teaching staff credit the CLIL approach with inherent improvement of students' language skills, even in those cases wherein no systematic attention is paid to language forms.The present study aims to analyse an aspect of CLIL that seems not to have been dealt with so far: the influence of the teacher's instructional orientation (or background) on how students' perceive their learning. Specifically, the objective is to examine whether the teacher being a literature specialist or a language specialist may influence students' perceptions about their language learning. Intuitively it could be hypothesized that the teacher with a language background would pay more attention to language forms than the one with a degree in literature, which should have an effect on students' self-evaluation of their improvement in the four language skills, grammar and the specific vocabulary. But before presenting the study, it is worth reviewing research focused on the aforementioned issues.2 Literature reviewThis section deals with studies focused on (i) teacher training, (ii) focus on form, and (iii) the time devoted to each of the language skills and their influence on the perception of improvement.The first issue relates to the teacher training of those who take part in CLIL schemes. This is an issue of the utmost importance in Spain and other southern European contexts (D'Angelo 2011), since, unlike in Germany, Austria or the Netherlands (where teachers usually hold a double specialization in a foreign language and a subject, be it history, biology or mathematics), there is a mutually exclusive division between the language and content teaching staff (Dafouz 2011). In the Basque Country, for example, it is very common for language teachers to become responsible for teaching social sciences because of the lack of specialists linguistically capable of delivering their lessons in English; and this situation also applies to the other Spanish autonomous communities. …


Total 61 Table 1: Ages of children at their most recent assessment • Intervention questionnaires from 61 participants were collected as part of the annual study assessment. The following information was collected: • Was amplification recommended • Was the recommended amplification used • Hearing health (i.e. ear infections, insertion of tubes, etc.) • What therapy services was the child receiving • Childcare arrangements • Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v. 22 Methodology


The invention relates to a measuring bearings in a recess (4) on the periphery of at least one of the bearing rings (1, 2), having arranged therein, strain gauges (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 27, 28, 29) and to a carrier material (14) arranged conductor tracks (16) and electronic components (17) for evaluation and transmission of the output signals of the strain gauges (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 27, 28, 29), wherein the strain gauges (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 27, 28, 29) leading to the (to the electronic components 17) electrical conductor tracks (16) are connected. To reduce the space requirements of such a measurement and evaluation system in a measurement bearing is provided that the strain gauge (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 27, 28, 29) below and / or (above the radial plane (31) of the carrier material 14) and the conductor tracks thereon (16) and electronic components (17) is arranged.


A survey of fishing gear and methods in the Lower Taylor Creek Area of Bayelsa State was carried out in 2008. Data were obtained from a sample of ninety (90) artisanal fishers drawn from three (3) randomly selected communities along the Lower Taylor Creek: Polaku, Koroama and Ogboloma. A two stage random sampling technique was employed in selecting the fishers. The instrument used to get information from fishers was structured interview schedule. Data were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics such as counting frequency, percentages and ranking. Chi-square was further used to test relationships between variables. The results showed that the commonest gear used in the area include Traps (60%), Hook and line/longline (60%) and Drift/gill nets (47.8%). Age, marital status and fishing experience did not have any significant relationship with the gear used (P > 0.05). More than 70% of fishers have more than three fishing gear in-use, while most of the fishers (92.2%) fabricated their gear themselves. Selection of fishing gear depended on factors such as ability to catch live fish (83.3%), season (77.8%) and choice of fish species (77.8%). The major challenges faced by fishers included water plants (85.6%), no credit facilities (81.1%) and stealing of catches/fishing gear (77.8%).


The paper examines demographic information sources and utilization as determinants of educational policy making in South West Nigeria. Using validated and structured questionnaire, the study population of 398 officers in the ministries of education in the affected states were enumerated. The study establishes population census, vital registration, sample survey and internally generated technique as main sources of demographic information. The study also establishes demographic characteristics of religion, age/date of birth, sex, tribe, family type and home location which are injected into the process of education policy making in South West Nigeria. The utilization of demographic information is capable of assisting policy makers to evolve effective education policies at all levels of education. The study also finds out that general sources of information like Internet, radio/television, colleagues and reference books are consulted in the course of searching for demographic data. Appropriate recommendations are made to address some emerging challenges.

 Key words: Demography, Demographic information, policy making, education policy making and education policy.


The INGRES DBMS provides the capability for customers to extend the system through the addition of their own fimctions and,hr datatypes. The system also allows users to eoniigure the database to notify applications when " interesting " events occur. The notified appkations can then taksome action based on the event. These capabilities represent the entry of the INGRES system into the realm of extensible data managers. We believe that extensibility will be a necessity in the coming generation of geneml purpose systems. This talk will discuss the capabilities and mechanism presented in the current INGRES producL some current uses in the " real world " , and the future of extensibility in the eommereird database arena.


This paper proposed a complex ontology evolution based method of extracting data, and also completely designed an extraction system, which consists of four important components: Resolver, Extractor, Consolidator and the ontology construction components. The system gives priority to the construction of mini-ontology. When the user submits query keywords to the deep web query interface, the returned result will pass through the prior three components; after that, the final execution result will be returned to user in a unified form. This paper adopted an extraction method that is different from the general ontology extraction. More specifically, the ontology used in extraction here is dynamic evolution, which can adapt various data source better. Experimental results proved that this method could effectively extract the data in the query result pages.


This paper presents a method of wirelessly sensing the resonant frequency of passive resonators using modulated waveforms. A pulse signal with a relatively wide frequency spectrum is transmitted towards a passive resonator, which in turn, reflects energy back to the interrogator. After time-domain gating and processing, the resonant frequency of the passive resonator can be wireless detected. This technique can be used for developing high-temperature sensors within harsh environments where only passive devices, made of high-temperature-stable materials, can survive. Resonators with different Q factors are studied herein on the effect of wireless sensing distance. A wireless sensing system up to 20 cm sensing distance has been demonstrated.


The quality of service QoS evaluation specifically in the packet routing satisfies requirements of performance and maximizes the resources utilization of the network by means of paths selection based on the resources that are needed. More of the investigations about the quality of service support in the routing are focused in the one-domain routing. BGP, the standard for the inter-domain routing does not provide mechanism to evaluate the quality of service and taking in consideration that the quality of service experienced by the users, it is influenced by all the domains through the endto-end path, it is necessary the development of schemes of inter-domain routing that evaluate efficiently the quality of service. The proposed research is focused in the computational intelligence application in a prototype of interdomain routing based in policies. We present a fuzzy logic approach to evaluate the quality of service, in this way select paths depending multiple heterogeneous criteria.


We present a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for shaping nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion and low splice loss at telecom window. The finite-element method with perfectly matched layers boundary condition is used to investigate the guiding properties. Simulation results reveal that, ultra-flattened dispersion of 0 ± 0.8 ps/nm/km is obtained in a wavelength range of 1.33 to 1.71 μm with low splice loss of 3.82 dB in the entire band of interest from an eight-ring PCF.


[PROBLEMS] To effectively utilize coal ash while lowering the concentration of mercury in a gas discharged from a cement kiln. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] Coal ash from a thermal power plant or the like is received by a system for producing cement. The received coal ash is divided into ash and unburnt carbon. The ash thus divided is utilized as a material for cement in the system for producing cement, while the unburnt carbon thus divided is utilized in the system for producing cement depending on the concentration of mercury in a gas discharged from a cement kiln of the system for producing cement. In the case where gags discharged from the cement kiln of the system for producing cement contains mercury at a high concentration, it is possible that the unburnt carbon in the coal ash, which contains mercury localized therein, is not fed into the system for producing cement but processed outside the system for producing cement or the unburnt carbon is fed in a controlled amount into the system for producing cement. Mercury is removed form the thus separated unburnt carbon and the unburnt carbon, from which mercury has been removed, can be used as a fuel in the system for producing cement.


Between July 1972 and July 1979, fifty-eight patients were treated by hip replacement arthroplasty for pathological fractures and fracturedislocations of the acetabulum secondary to metastatic malignant disease. Only eleven patients had retained sufficient periacetabular bone for total hip replacement to be performed in the conventional manner. Nineteen patients had destruction of the medial part of the acetabular wall and required fixation of the acetabular prosthetic component in a manner designed to transmit weight-bearing forces into the intact superior part of the acetabular wall. Twenty-five patients had destruction of both the medial and the superior areas of the acetabular wall and required techniques for fixation of the acetabular prosthetic component that allowed transmission of the weightbearing forces into the intact bone of the superior part of the ilium and the sacrum. Three patients had metastatic lesions that warranted an attempt at resection for cure. The affected periacetabular bone was resected with wide margins, and a prosthetic hip arthroplasty was then performed. All patients were evaluated postoperatively for relief of pain, resumption of walking, solidity of fixation of the prosthetic components, and survival without recurrence at the operative site. Thirty-seven patients (67 per cent) had excellent or good pain relief six months postoperatively and twenty-four (43 per cent) were rated excellent or good two years postoperatively. Forty-five patients (80 per cent) were ambulatory for six months postoperatively and twenty-six (45 per cent) could still walk at two years. Five patients had loosening of the acetabular prosthetic component secondary to local tumor recurrence in spite of adequate radiotherapy. There were no other instances of prosthetic component loosening. There were two operative deaths. The mean survival time was nineteen months, but twenty-seven of the fifty-eight patients still were alive at the time of writing. Since the 1960's, statistics on the incidence of cancer and the success of efforts to eradicate it have changed littie. However, more aggressive palliative treatment of pa* 3838 California Street, San Francisco, California 941 18. tients with established metastatic malignant disease through hormonal manipulation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, on a combination of these modalities frequently has been successful in prolonging these patients' lives and improving their general well-being. Between 1960 and 1970, the published mean survival time for patients following a first pathological fracture of a long bone was 7.2 months5'8"2 '6"7'19. At the present time, the figure has risen to 18.8 months8 4. When analyzed by primary origin of the tumor, patients who sustained pathological fractures from metastatic carcinoma of the breast had a mean survival time of 22.6 months, and those with primary tumors in the prostate and kidney had mean survival times of 29.3 and 1 1 .8 months, respectively. In contrast, patients with a primary tumor of the lung still had a mean survival time of only 3.6 months8. The reasonable anticipation of prolonged survival in selected patients has engendered new enthusiasm among orthopaedic surgeons for undertaking extensive reconstructive procedures necessitated by metastatic destruction of bone about major weight-bearing joints. Specifically, pathological fractures of the acetabulum are being managed with increasing frequency by total hip-replacement


On a roller bench tire dimensions of a wide range can be examined on the same tool, suspension characteristics like camber, slip angle, wheel load, etc., can easily be varied and the surrounding conditions can be well-controlled. As a disadvantage the curvature and the surface texture of the 'pavement' have to be mentioned, which influence the sound radiatiorn conditions, the shape of the contact patch, and as a result, the noise generation mechanisms. On real roads these disadvantages do not exist but the measurement conditions cannot be controlled as well as in a laboratory. Additionally, with a car the examination of different tire dimnensions is difficult. To change the measuring tool (car) means to also change many other parameters. With a trailer it is possible to use only one tool for the examination of the influence of different parameters. The examination of the parameter torque is normally difficult to realise, especially when discussing accelerating torque, which is important for the tire-pavement noise and is a major element of the ISO-362 test. This paper reports measurements with a trailer conducted by the Automotive Engineering Department of Darmstadt University of Technology to investigate the influence of braking and accelerating torque on the tire/road noise. For the covering abstract see IRRD E104312.


In this work we present a fast and accurate algorithm to compute frequency warping of arbitrary shaped maps. In contrast to the common Laguerre approach, frequency warping is represented by a matrix of truncated finite dimensions. The transformation matrix is decomposed in two additive terms: the first term represents its nonuniform Fourier transform approximation while the second term is imposed for aliasing suppression. Both matrices are approximated with a least square approach according to a suitable set of vectors. The cardinality of this set is shown to be nearly proportional to the logarithm of the matrix dimension. Finally, trade-off aspects between algorithm complexity and performance are discussed


Background: Hemophilia B is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the coding sequence of F9 gene, leading to dysfunctional Factor IX (FIX) protein.
Objectives: This study is to identify novel and recurrent mutations in hemophilia B patients.
Method and Materials: In this study, 9 hemophilia B patients were screened on 8 exons using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing.
Results: We identified 6 point mutations, including 4 missense mutations and 2 nonsense mutations. One of the six point mutations is a novel mutation (NM_000133.3:c.230T>G) which has not been reported previously in hemophilia B database. Single nucleotide transversion of Thymine to Guanine occurs at nucleotide position 230, leading to amino acids substitution from Valine to Glycine at codon 77 in Gla domain. This amino acid substitution affects the protein structure and function in the Gla domain of FIX protein. Seven prediction tools were shown highly consistent result in predicting this novel mutation.
Conclusion: In this study, all point mutations were found in the coding sequence especially exon 2, exon 5 and exon 8 and distributed among Gla domain, EGF2 domain and SP domains. Novel mutation c.230T>G occurred at exon 2 of F9 gene which has damaging impact to decrease the stability of protein structure and dysfunction in Gla domain of FIX protein.


Integration of renewable power generation in the modern power system requires intelligent and flexible control to ensure the balance between the generation and load demand. This paper addresses a frequency control model of an isolated micro-grid with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (EV) and heat pump (HP) supplied by diesel engine generator (DEG) and renewable solar thermal power generation (STPG). Due to the interconnection of intermittent energy source like STPG and load variation, the micro-grid frequency fluctuate with different adverse effect on the power system. The PID and PID with filter (PIDF) are employed with EV, DEG and HP to control their power generation to maintain the desired frequency level under different contingencies. The parameters of PID and PIDF controllers are controllably tuned by Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) for containing frequency fluctuation and their performances are compared thereafter. Different disturbed conditions have been realized in the form of step perturbations and random variations on the load and generation side. Investigation of the responses shows that Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) based PIDF controller gives better response compare to the Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) based PID controller.


Abstract We present the dependence of the amount of nuclear star formation on the non-axisymmetry of a bulge of disk galaxies. For this, we use a volume-limited sample of spiral galaxies at 0.02 < = z < 0.055 from the SDSS DR7. Among 3173 final sample galaxies with an axis ratio b/a > 0.6 and a bulge fraction ranged in B/T <= 0.41, nuclear starburst galaxies are 10%. We find that a fraction of the nuclear starburst galaxies become higher when ellipticity of a bulge increases in early type galaxies. Also, the fraction increases clearly when early type galaxies are isolated and in low density region. Our results indicate that the non-axisymmetry of bulges assists gas to fall inside and affects the nuclear starburst process in disk galaxies.


In stark contrast to other agency-based consumer service industries, real estate agents have been remarkably effective at maintaining margins and market share. One possible explanation for the success of real estate agents is collusion, and consequently the industry is facing regulator scrutiny. In this paper we first consider the mechanisms through which collusion might be sustained. Although the industry's low concentration makes collusion harder to support, the involvement of both a seller's agent and a buyer's agent on a given home sale helps facilitate collusion. Selling agents need buyer's agents to deliver customers. Not only can fullcommission agents collude against discount/flat-fee agents by steering their buyers away from such listings, they also can use the same punishment on other full-commission agents who cooperate with discount agents. Using data from three markets, we find that houses listed using flat-fee agents have longer expected times-to-sale than observably similar houses sold by fullcommission agents, but ultimately sell for similar prices. These results are consistent with allegations that traditional agents steer clients away from flat-fee-listed homes, although we consider other possible explanations. We calculate that, even taking into account the longer expected time to sale and the increased effort of the homeowner, sellers who use flat-fee agents saved an average of over $5,000 compared to hiring a full-commission agent. This casts doubt on the necessity of minimum-service laws that exist in several states and are being considered in others.


High quality 12 mJ pulses with 3.8 fs duration were produced by using the thin plate post- compression technique with 12 fs driver pulses from a 10 Hz OPCPA system operating at 820 nm central wavelength.


In recent years, consumers increasingly are seeking out locally grown foods, due to concern for freshness, food safety, and the carbon footprint associated with food sourced from distant places. This 5-page fact sheet promotes local vegetable consumption by pointing out some of the advantages, benefits, and business opportunities associated with local vegetable production and consumption. Written by Qingren Wang, Edward A. Evans, Margie Pikarsky, and Teresa Olczyk, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, September 2014.
HS1251/HS1251: Consuming Local Vegetables from Our Local Growers (ufl.edu)


Objectives:To clarify whether the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have the ability of autocrine gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH). Methods:The expression of GnRH and its receptor(GnRH-R) were detected in HCC by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Results:Immunoreactivity for GnRH and its receptor protein was observed in 7 of 10 cases of paraffin-embedding tissues of human HCC,and the positive signal was located in the cytoplasm and the membrane of hepatoma cells;GnRH-mRNA was detected in 2 of 4 cases of fresh surgical resected HCC tissues,hybridization signals were found mainly in the cytoplasm of cancer cell,with no positive signal was revealed in the nucleus. Conclusions:These results suggested that some human HCC cells could autocrine GnRH.The present study provided the theoretical basis for further investigating the relationship between GnRH and biological characteristics of human hepatocarcinoma.


Recently in Ireland attention has been placed on the importance of parental involvement in early childhood care and education settings as seen in the Síolta Quality Standards and Aistear Curriculum Framework. Yet there is little Irish empirical evidence on parental involvement in childcare settings; on the involvement models being used, or on the benefits and limitations of efforts to involve parents. This paper reports on research in five Dublin Docklands community childcare centres where practitioners had been trained in the Pen Green Parental Involvement in Children's Early Learning programme (PICL). The research aimed to understand how practitioners were able to implement new parental involvement techniques as a result of their training, how the training impacted on centres' understandings of, and approach to, parental involvement; and barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a parental involvement model from a different cultural context in community childcare settings in Dublin. A participatory research strategy involved a stakeholder reference group; documentary analysis; interviews; and focus groups conducted with childcare practitioners, and with parents. Their involvement in PICL has benefited childcare workers in a variety of ways that include: improved image as professional childcare practitioners— (they are not just "babysitters"), the validation of existing practices, the introduction of new techniques and the confidence to communicate with parents. A number of structural issues impede practitioners' efforts to involve parents in their children's early learning. These include childcare regulations, short-term staffing, police clearance, resources, and dependence upon Community Employment Scheme staff. Involving parents in their children's early learning may also be constrained by attitudes about the role of child-minders and childcare centres. While there has been considerable practice change, there is still some distance to go in the Docklands childcare centres to develop the partnerships between practitioners and parents envisaged in the PICL framework. Consistent work is required to change parental values and attitudes about the role of the childcare practitioner, and to embed the idea of parents as partners in early education amongst both practitioners and parents.


AbstractChanges in South African politics and society since the election of Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa in the first democratic election in April, 1994, have brought about changes in the background of student audiences. This has stimulated a review of the areas of governance, syllabus, curriculum, teaching methods and research in educational institutions. In this paper we describe the first-year textbook which we created to match these changes with an Information Systems textbook which meets South African needs, rather than echoes the technology and methods of developed countries. We discuss the "product-driven" and "problem-driven" arrangements of current textbooks, problems with non-South African textbooks in the South African context, resistance by course instructors to change and some of the features of a local Information Systems course. The paper includes a summary of a survey of Information Systems students using the textbook. We conclude with recommendations on teaching methods, te...


A method is presented to include the turbulence effects in fluid flow analysis of a high speed compliant gas foil seal (CFS). The method takes into account certain wellestablished facts concerning turbulent shear flow. The compressible fluid flow field is assumed to depend on local film thickness, surface velocity, pressure gradient and surface compliance. The non-linear effects due to compliance of the flow boundaries, compressibility of the fluid, and coupling of the shear induced circumferential flow and pressure driven axial flow are considered. The turbulence effect is accounted for using non-linear coefficients in the coupled compressible governing equations of the flow pressure and film thickness. The computational method employs the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method for solving the governing equations of the flow field and fluid film thickness. No optimization study has been conducted for the rate of convergence in the numerical analysis. The relaxation factor is found to be a key parameter in convergence solution when the compliant foil seal is operating at high speed, high eccentricity ration or low differential pressure across the seal. It is found that due to non-symmetric boundary condition, the method of Column Matrix which is used for compliant foil bearing did not result in a convergence solution. INTRODUCTION Compliant foil bearings are used in a wide variety of rotating machinery, including air cycle machines, cryogenic turbo-expanders and gas turbine engines to name a few. Their application offers performance and reliability improvements through the elimination of oil and the lubricant supply system. A compliant foil seal (CFS), similar to a compliant foil bearing (CFB), is a selfacting hydrodynamic mechanical components that develop a high pressure gas film. This generated gas film ultimately has sufficient load capacity to separate the seal top surface from the rotating journal, thus permitting continuous non-contacting operation. The basic configuration of a CFS is shown schematically in Figure 1. The thin high pressure gas film is formed between the surface of a rotor (or a journal) and the top foil. With the proper choice of structural compliance, the seal surface deformation can be tailored to deform in a manner that enhances the seal performance. For example, the compliant seal design can be tailored to form a variable axial converging wedge shape for improved sealing performance. In the previous work by Salehi et al. (1999) computational analysis of a CFS was addressed. The combined hydrodynamic and structural governing equations were solved simultaneously using finite difference method. This coupled structural and hydrodynamic analysis excluded the stiffness contribution of the top foil but did account for the influence of the top foil on individually calculated nodal deflections due to pressure. Since the Foil y^i-i | j j 1 1 ) 11^<


Low latency and low implementation cost are two key requirements in NoCs. SMART routers implement multi-hop bypass, obtaining latency values close to an ideal point-to-point interconnect. However, it requires a significant amount of resources such as Virtual Channels (VCs), which are not used as efficiently as possible, preventing bypass in certain scenarios. This translates into increased area and delay, compared to an ideal implementation. In this paper, we introduce SMART++, an efficient multi-hop bypass mechanism which combines four key ideas: SMART bypass, multi-packet buffers, Non-Empty Buffer Bypass and Per-packet allocation. SMART++ relies on a more aggressive VC reallocation policy and supports bypass of buffers even when they are not completely free. With these desirable characteristics, SMART++ requires limited resources and exhibits high performance. SMART++ is evaluated using functional simulation and HDL synthesis tools. SMART++ without VCs and with a reduced amount of buffer slots outperforms the original SMART using 8 VCs, while reducing the amount of logic and dynamic power in an FPGA by 5.5x and 5.0x respectively. Additionally, it allows for up to 2.1x frequency; this might translate into more than 31.9% base latency reduction and 42.2% throughput increase.


In the previous paper we reported the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by benzophenone (BP)/aniline system. The proposed mechanism emphasized the interaction between the excited triplet BP and the ground state aniline to produce two kinds of radicals, among which only aniline radicals initiate the polymerization. We have also verified that each polymer chain contained one anilino end group on average. It is


To calculate the change in the values of efficiency and productivity of public hospitals in Greece during the period 2015 to 2019. The calculation of the efficiency values includes the technical, pure and scale efficiency using the window-DEA method and the productivity change using the Malmquist index. The source of the data used to calculate the change in the efficiency of Greek public hospitals is the statistical databases of the Greek Ministry of Health that have resulted from the collection of data through Information Systems in combination with data provided by the Greek Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). The design of the study was based on the realization of a Window DEA study and the calculation of the Malmquist index with its components. The study was designed to measure the change in efficiency and productivity but over a relatively long period of time. The data were obtained from the databases of both financial and operational data of Greek Public Hospitals held by the Greek Ministry of Health and located on the Ministry's website. Also, additional data were requested and obtained from ELSTAT. The data were examined and those which were appropriate for the conduct of the study were selected. The technical efficiency of Greek hospitals follows a slightly upward trend with ups and downs. Their pure efficiency follows a steady course with ups and downs. Scale efficiency is on an upward course. Productivity exhibits an overall negligible change. The research's fluctuation of the inputs and outputs determines the change in the values of efficiency and, in combination with technological change, of productivity. During the period under study, the best placement of Greek hospitals on the scale is achieved in terms of their size. Hospital management cannot achieve better utilization of resources. A parallel increase of some of the inputs and outputs prevents increase in the values of technical and pure efficiency. The change in efficiency constrains the change in productivity.


We describe a concurrent, atomic garbage collection algorithm for transaction-based languages, a class of languages intended to support reliable distributed systems. A garbage collection algorithm for reliable distributed systems must be atomic: a crash during a garbage collection should result in no loss of data. A concurrent collector allows programs to continue operating as their heaps are collected, minimizing delays imposed by collection. A concurrent collector can be used in reliable distributed systems that must service interactive requests. We introduce concurrency into an atomic collector by breaking collection into a series of garbage collection segments, which are similar to transactions, but satisfy weaker properties than are required by transaction semantics. These weaker properties allow better performance. Thus, our collection algorithm enhances the reliability of programs written in transaction-based languages, without necessarily imposing severe performance penalties.
We also describe a concurrent "mostly-copying" collection algorithm for C++, and present measurements of the performance of an implementation of this algorithm. We survey garbage collection techniques applicable to "systems" languages such as C++, and show how these techniques may be combined with concurrent collection. Performance measurements of the resulting collector (on both a uniprocessor and a multiprocessor) indicate that interruptions caused by concurrent collection are quite short, and that adequate mutator performance is sustained during collection.
Finally, we prove the correctness of most aspects of the concurrent, atomic collection algorithm. The proof hinges on showing that the routines of the algorithm preserve a novel property called partial idempotence, which ensures that partial effects of routines interrupted by crashes can be undone or completed during recovery.


The objective of this research is to separate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas from refinery wastewater treatment and study the influence of composition on the membrane performance for wastewater treatment. Membranes with monosodium glutamate (MSG) as an additive have been fabricated. Four dope solutions with 22% polyamide and different ratio of formic acid /MSG has prepared. The performance of membranes is evaluated based on eight parameters. There are flow rate, turbidity, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, sulfide, conductivity and Total dissolve substances (TDS). The results show that membrane with 5% of MSG giving the better results. A hybrid membrane has high effectiveness in wastewater treatment. It have been reduced the turbidity, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, sulfide, conductivity and Total dissolve substances (TDS) values for refinery waste water to the accepted level and achieve the requirement for standard A and B.


A method is presented for directly transforming an arbitrary LR(k) grammar to an equivalent LR(1) grammar. It is further shown that the method transforms an arbitrary prefix-free LR(k) grammar to an equivalent LR(0) grammar. It is argued that the method is efficient and offers some advantages over traditional "look-ahead" parsing methods. Finally, it is demonstrated that the method can be used to transform an LR(1) grammar to an equivalent SLR(1) grammar, which in turn can be easily transformed to an equivalent (1, 1) bounded right-context grammar.


Purpose – A decline in participation in research studies as people age is inevitable as health declines. This paper aims to address this by collecting data from a group of participants to examine their reasons for declining attendance and suggestions formaintaining attendance as participants age. Design/methodology/approach – This research used a postal self-completed questionnaire including open and closed questions. The questionnaire was sent to those participants who have declined to attend further clinic visits. Results were analysed using thematic content analysis. Findings – The study had a 51% response rate. Participants reported difficulty with travelling to the clinic, and health as the main issues in addition to family demands and a lack of understanding regarding the continuing participation of a singleton twin. Research limitations/implications – This study could only include data from responding participants, answers to open question also included comments from participants regarding their twin. Practical implications – An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all individuals in the Keeping Together project. It was therefore not possible to identify if responses were from both members of a twin pair. Originality/value – Maintaining participation in longitudinal studies is of crucial importance to enhance the value of data. Retention of participants in studies may change as people age and health becomes impaired. Suggestions for maintaining and improving the retention of older participants have been identified and are generalisable to other longitudinal studies of ageing.


SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS B. Airan and associates recently published a manuscript titled "Surgical Experience with Doty's Repair for Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis." The authors have presented a small series of patients in which an extended aortoplasty was performed to repair supravalvular aortic stenosis. In the five patients, the aortic gradient was substantially reduced. None of the patients had a gradient over 25 mm Hg. The small number of patients in the series reflects the infrequency of the defect. The results are good. The authors have suggested that this is a superior form of treatment compared to a single patch in the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva.


Optical switches based on silicon (Si) nanowire waveguide exhibit stable performance without active control of operating point owing to its extremely small size. To verify reliability, we carried out simultaneous operation of two Si-nanowire 8 × 8 optical switches in the optical path network that was deployed in Tokyo metropolitan area using dark fibres. System performance was studied transmitting 10-Gb/s WDM signals over two optical paths that were configured in a way that transmitted signals went through the 8 × 8 switches 10 times. Error free performance was achieved over a week without any adjustment of the switches.


With the phenomenal growth in social media, citizens are coming forward to participate more in discussions on socially relevant topics including government policies, public health etc. India is not an exception to this, and the website mygov.in launched by the Government of India acts as a platform for discussion on such topics. People raise their viewpoints as comments and blogs on various topics. In India, being a diverse country, citizens write their opinions in different languages, which are often in mixed-languages. Code-Mixing refers to the mixing of two or more languages in speech or in a text, and this poses several challenges. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based system for opinion mining in an environment of codemixed languages. The insights obtained by analyzing the techniques lay the foundation for better lives of citizens, by improving the efficacy and efficiency of public services, and satisfying complex information needs arising within this context. Moreover, understanding the deep feelings can help government to anticipate deep social changes and adapt to population expectations, which will help building Smart city.


The preschool class is an educational programme that has been created through an educational reform in Sweden in the late 1990s. The purpose was to construct a bridge between preschool and primary ...


The objective of this research is to investigate the performance of a solid model similarity assessment method. This method is used to assess the similarity of tessellated solid models, where the tessellated geometry is in the form of triangles — specifically, the method compares STL files. A histogram of (triangle) tessellation areas is generated for each solid model being compared. The difference in the histograms of two solid models indicates their dissimilarity. The performance of the solid model similarity assessment method is evaluated by varying tessellation resolutions, and by varying histogram bin sizes. The solid model similarity assessment method is also compared to methods from literature. The comprehensive testing was performed using 867 solid models from the Engineering Shape Benchmark. It is found that the method was robust in its sensitivity to histogram bin sizes, and robust in its sensitivity to tessellation resolution. It is found that for small retrieval sizes, precision is relatively high. It is also found that this method outperformed methods from literature when comparing models that are rectangular, flat, thin, and/or cubic. Additionally, shortcomings of this method and related future work is identified.


ABSTRACT In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are used for the modelling and simulation of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits. For this purpose, all QCA basis components and gates are modelled using ANN and ANFIS. The accuracy and performance of the proposed methods are analysed through a few circuits. Finally, we compared the simulation speed of the proposed methods with QCADesigner software. The results show that the proposed ANN and ANFIS models are much faster than QCADesigner. Also, these models are imported into HSPICE software to design and simulate complex QCA logic circuits.


Report on the 5th Cheese Ripening Symposium of the International Dairy Federation at the Bern conventional center. Cheese microflora, texture and flavor and the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese are the main topics covered.


We perform a spectroscopic analysis of 492 450 galaxy spectra from the first two years of observations of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III/Baryonic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) collaboration. This data set has been released in the ninth SDSS data release, the first public data release of BOSS spectra. We show that the typical signal-to-noise ratio of BOSS spectra, despite being low, is sufficient to measure stellar velocity dispersion and emission line fluxes for individual objects. We show that the typical velocity dispersion of a BOSS galaxy is ∼240 km s−1. The typical error in the velocity dispersion measurement is 14 per cent, and 93 per cent of BOSS galaxies have velocity dispersions with an accuracy of better than 30 per cent. The distribution in velocity dispersion is redshift independent between redshifts 0.15 and 0.7, which reflects the survey design targeting massive galaxies with an approximately uniform mass distribution in this redshift interval. We show that emission lines can be measured on BOSS spectra. However, the majority of BOSS galaxies lack detectable emission lines, as is to be expected because of the target selection design towards massive galaxies. We analyse the emission line properties and present diagnostic diagrams using the emission lines [O II], Hβ, [O III], Hα and [N II] (detected in about 4 per cent of the galaxies) to separate star-forming objects and active galactic nuclei (AGN). We show that the emission line properties are strongly redshift dependent and that there is a clear correlation between observed frame colours and emission line properties. Within in the low-z sample (LOWZ) around 0.15 < z < 0.3, half of the emission line galaxies have low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER)-like emission line ratios, followed by Seyfert-AGN-dominated spectra, and only a small fraction of a few per cent are purely star-forming galaxies. AGN and LINER-like objects, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com C © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society at O en U niersity on A uust 0, 2013 hp://m nras.oxjournals.org/ D ow nladed from 1384 D. Thomas et al. instead, are less prevalent in the high-z sample (CMASS) around 0.4 < z < 0.7, where more than half of the emission line objects are star forming. This is a pure selection effect caused by the non-detection of weak Hβ emission lines in the BOSS spectra. Finally, we show that star-forming, AGN and emission line free galaxies are well separated in the g − r versus r − i target selection diagram.


The electron spin echo envelope modulation of S=1/2, I=1/2 spin systems is analyzed for orientationally disordered systems. Analytical expressions are derived for the position of the combination frequencies which can be observed in primary (two‐pulse) ESEEM experiments. The conditions for which line shape singularities of the basic and combination frequencies emerge are conveniently mapped in a standard graph. Using this graph it is demonstrated that for virtually all combinations of hyperfine parameters the ESEEM spectra will contain interpretable features. Especially the application of multifrequency techniques (i.e., variation of the nuclear Larmor frequency) will enable full use of the line shape singularities of the combination frequencies.


This paper deals with building an application model of an automated fire protection system in an indoor environment. This model is a highly localized and targeted Fire Extinguishing system. The system consists of an arm which ends with the turret mounted with dispenser. An Infra-Red camera is used to detect the fire using the rays received and the processor inside the camera converts them into an image using various colours for different temperatures. The acquired image is then processed and the sources of heat are isolated. The position of the source of fire is mapped from the camera coordinates to the real world coordinates using a microcontroller and the turret is aimed at the fire by a targeting control system which triggers the servomotor used to move the turret. When the turret is targeted towards the center of the fire source, water is released using the sprinkler controlled by a solenoid valve. Thus the sources of fire in the field of view of the camera are


27 year old female P1L1 post Lower Segment Cesarean Section who presented with complaints of breathlessness 3-4 hours post her emergency LSCS which had settled with Oxygen via nasal cannula. Patient was asymptomatic on room air after which she was discharged on day 3 of LSCS. Patient presented in the emergency department of our hospital on day 4 post LSCS with complaints of breathlessness at rest since 6 hours. Patient was immediately admitted, evaluated and diagnosed as a case of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. She was stabilized and managed conservatively.


A new generation of fast breeder reactors (FBRs) is under development with the objective of making nuclear energy more sustainable. Most promising reactor designs are fuelled, at least in their early phase of deployment, with UO 2 -PuO 2 oxide fuel. Heat capacity is important for the evaluation of thermal conductivity and performance under transient conditions. If, on the one hand, the heat capacity of UO 2 has been deeply studied, on the other hand, measurements on PuO 2 are scarce or even lacking at high temperatures. Numerical methodologies such as MD calculations have been proposed to overcome the difficulties encountered in experimental measurements. In parallel, scientists have employed theoretical models as valuable tools for the interpretation of enthalpy measurements. Previous studies have pointed out that several issues of PuO 2 heat capacity require more investigation such as the deviation of MD calculations from measurements in the low temperature domain, the existence of the Bredig transition, the formation of defects at high temperature and correlated increase of heat capacity. This paper presents results on the heat capacity of PuO 2 obtained using a two-fold approach: theoretical modelling and MD calculations based on a PuO 2 interatomic potential published recently.


The paper investigates the use of faster variants of back propagation to speed up Nguyen and Widrow's method (1990) of designing feedback controllers. The investigation shows that the basic method itself is impractical and so speeding up is not worthwhile.<<ETX>>


Intravenous glucose tolerance testing (0.5 g/kg of body weight) was done on 2 groups of healthy horses maintained with hay (group 1, n = 5) and with hay plus grain supplementation (group 2, n = 5) and on a group of horses with clinically diagnosed pituitary adenoma (group 3, n = 10). Healthy horses showed an immediate increase of plasma glucose concentration after the IV glucose injection, with return of values to base line in 1 hour. Group 3 horses showed resting hyperglycemia and a delayed return of glucose values to base line (3 hours). Group 3 horses showed resting hyperinsulinemia and a feeble (nonsignificant) response to the glycemic stimulus, with gradual decrease of insulin values to base line. In addition to the apparently reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin in group 3 horses, as evidenced by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and protracted glucose and insulin curves, the initial decrease in the insulin/glucose ratio indicates that there was secretory deficiency in response to acute IV glucose loading.


Abstract Three peptides, B-10148 (Lys−1-Lys0-Arg1-Pro2-Hyp3-Gly4-Igl5-Ser6-DF5F7-Oic8; where Hyp is ira<<i-4-hydroxyproline, Igl is a-(2-indanyl)glycine, F5F is 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluo-rophenylalanine and Oic is (3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid), B-10206 (DArg0- Arg1-Pro2-Hyp3-Gly4-Igl5-Ser6-DF5F7 Nc7G8-Arg9; where Nc7G is N-cycloheptylglycine) and B-10284 (Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Thr6-DTic7-Oic8-NH2; where Tic is 1,2,3,4-tetrahy- droisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy in 60% CD3OH/40% H2O and modeled by a simulated annealing protocol to determine their solution structure. B-10148, an extremely potent BK B1 receptor antagonist with very high BK B2 receptor antagonist activity, despite lacking a C-terminal Arg, displayed an ideal type II β-turn from Pro2 to Igl5, as well as a salt bridge between the guanidino group of Arg1 and the carboxylate group of Oic8. B-10206, the most potent B2 antagonist, also displayed an ideal type II β-turn from Pro2 to Igl5 but secondary structure was not observed at the C-ter- minal end. The third peptide, B-10284, a des-Arg9 analog with a C-terminal amide and a very potent B2 antagonist, had no definite solution structure. The high activity of these pep- tides emphasizes the importance of the N-terminal β-turn and the hydrophobic character at the C-terminus in determining the activity of bradykinin antagonists.


Being a citizen means more than simply possessing proper legal documents. It also entails notions of belonging that are defined and cultivated in large part by the nation-state. As Aihwa Ong (2003) observes, citizenship is a 'social process,' which, in the context of the United States, is tied to wealth accumulation and self-reliance. The role of the state in this process is clearly visible in refugee resettlement, where newly arrived refugees come into contact with a host of social services designed to create citizens who are appropriately "American."


Introduction: One of the main advantages of hip resurfacing when compared with total hip arthroplasty is preservation of bone stock in patients who may eventually need one or more revision surgeries [1]. The femoral component of hip resurfacing is also thought to maintain a more natural loading state when compared with the femoral stem of a total hip arthroplasty, which has been demonstrated to cause stress shielding in the proximal femur [2]. There is some clinical evidence of preservation of bone mineral density and therefore a reduction in stress shielding for hip resurfacing implants, although this has yet to be experimentally verified [3]. We hypothesized that hip resurfacing would result in a reduction in strain shielding in the proximal femur and maintenance of physiological loading when compared with an uncemented tapered stem. The aim of this study was to experimentally measure strains in the femur in its native state and to compare these values with strains measured following hip resurfacing and implantation of an uncemented tapered femoral stem. Materials and Methods: Three pairs of cadaveric femurs were obtained for testing and radiographed to screen for defects and measure femoral head and medullary canal diameters to accommodate specific implant sizes. One rosette and 3 axial strain gauges (Measurements Group, Raleigh, NC) were bonded to the surface of the femur. The rosette gauge was placed directly beneath the lesser trochanter on the posteromedial surface of the bone, and an axial gauge was placed at the same level on the lateral surface. The two remaining axial gauges were placed 10 cm distal of the stem tip on the anterolateral and posteromedial surfaces of the femur. All gauges were aligned with the long axis of the femur. A fixture designed to reproduce loading conditions during the single leg stance phase of walking as described by McLeish and Charnley [4] was attached to the crosshead of an Instron 1122 Material Testing Machine (Instron Corporation, Norwood, MA) and used to apply a joint force to the femoral head and abductor muscle force to the greater trochanter. A 1000 lb. load cell (MLP-1K, Transducer Techniques, Temecula, CA) was placed between the acetabular cup and test fixture to allow measurement of the joint force. A compressive load of 600N was applied with the Instron at a rate of 40 mm/min and strains recorded at 10 Hz. The femoral head was then resurfaced using a 49mm Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) implant (DePuy, Warsaw, IN), and testing was repeated. Next, the resurfaced femur was prepared for an 11 x 142 mm uncemented tapered femoral stem (Taperloc, Biomet, Warsaw, IN). The stem was press-fit into the femur, and a 32 mm cobalt chrome head was placed on the stem. Testing was then repeated for the tapered stem. Comparisons of strains were made at a joint force of 1100N for consistency, including principal strains which were calculated at the rosette gauge. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine if there were significant differences in strains at each of the measurement locations between the native, resurfaced, and stem configurations (P < 0.05 significant). Post-hoc multiple comparisons were then made using Fisher's PLSD test. Results: Principal strains on the proximal medial (PM) surface were compressive and aligned with the long axis of the femur. Following resurfacing principal strains were not significantly different than those for the native femur (Figure 1). Implantation of a tapered stem resulted in a 28% reduction in principal strain that was significantly different from the native state. On the surface of the proximal lateral (PL) femur strains were tensile and were not significantly different for resurfacing compared to the native femur. For the tapered stem, there was a 21% reduction in strain from the native state that was significant. Differences in strain between the resurfacing component and stem were not significant for either location in the proximal femur. Strains measured in the distal medial (DM) and distal lateral (DL) femur were somewhat variable and much less than strains recorded in the proximal femur. Mean axial strains on the posteromedial surface of the distal femur were tensile, while strains on the anterolateral surface of the distal femur were found to be compressive. Standard deviations were relatively high, and no significant differences in strain were found.


challenge in mining operations worldwide. This assertion is supported by recent mining disasters such as the Crandall Canyon disaster in the USA (6 August 2007), the Harmony Gold mine deaths in South Africa (June, 2009), the Soma mining disaster in Turkey (May, 2014), the Chile mining accident (5 August 2010), and the Xiaojiawan coal mine disaster in China (29 August 2012). Although mining employees represent only 1% of the global workforce, they account for about 8% of workplace fatalities. Workplace injuries in the mining industry worldwide have also been reported to be very high by the International Labour Organization (ILO, 2010). The understanding of accident causality is a major step in the quest to reduce accidents. Accident modelling techniques provide the necessary platform for the interpretation and understanding of accidents at workplaces. Accident models provide a conceptualization of the characteristics of the accident process by showing the relationship between causes and effects. They explain why accidents occur, and are used as techniques for risk assessment during system development (Qureshi, 2008). During accident investigations, accident models impose patterns on the understanding of the accidents and influence both the data collected and the factors identified as causative. Since accident models influence the factors considered in any accident investigation, they may either act as a sieve and bias toward allowing for only certain events and conditions, or they may broaden the scope of the investigation by forcing consideration of factors that are often left out (Leveson, 2004). The importance of accident models in the quest for safer work environments makes the choice of the right model a crucial decision. The Swiss Cheese Model developed by Reason (1990) is widely known for its contribution to the understanding of the factors that need to be considered during the investigation of accidents in a complex system. The model incorporates the basic components of all successful production systems such as decision-makers, line management, preconditions for effective work, production activities, and safeguards against known hazards. Effective production is achieved only when the right decisions are taken at each level of the production system. Under certain circumstances, the accident process starts when fallible decisions taken at the executive and management level are propagated through the various components of the production system. These decisions create 'holes' in the barriers put in place to prevent accidents. An accident is likely to occur when holes in the various layers of safeguards line up for the accident trajectory to be complete. Although the Swiss Cheese Model is generally accepted as being able to depict situations leading to accidents in production systems, it has also been criticized as lacking sufficient details for practical applications A systems approach to mining safety: an application of the Swiss Cheese Model


Due to increasing complexity of scientific workflows as well as a greater number of available services new kinds of problems arise. In this paper we present an approach to these problems at multiple levels of both data communication and process abstraction. We give an overview of formalisms: Turing machines, I/O Automata, Petri Nets, Constraint Automata and Calculus in respect of their suitability to the presented approach. On the basis of this overview we conclude that Constraint Automata best suit this ap-


A one-dimensional multi-layer heat conduction model of CRAM is developed based on its memory principle.According to the read/write requirement of memory cell,and to the condition of its thermal compatibility with CMOS circuits,the critical parameters are fixed on.The temperature profiles are portrayed by solving the heat conduction equation with the reasonable boundary conditions.Under the limitation of the critical parameters,we adjust the parameters of cell structure,use heating layer,and then develop the structural model of CRAM memory cell which not only meet the need of read/write function of memory cell but for the first time achieve the thermal compatibility of CRAM memory cell with CMOS circuits.


Speech recognition techniques are most useful when used over the phone. A telephone speech recognizer was developed and many field trials were carried out (G. Orel, 1995; M. Lennig and G. Bielby, 1994; S. Yamamoto et al., 1994). We have developed telephone speech recognition hardware for a voice activated home banking system based on a client server network configuration (T. Isobe et al., 1995). The speech recognition unit is a workstation with six boards for dealing with simultaneous multi channel processing. The speech recognition algorithm implemented in the boards, each of which has three DSPs and an MPU, handles various tasks, such as recognizing connected digits, bank name, branch name, money amount, and confirmation far completing the service dialogs. Experimental field trials on 90 subjects showed that with proper instructions and guidance, the service task was successfully achieved in 85% of trials. We sent out a questionnaire, and one third of the subjects replied that speech recognition was useful.


This study aimed to determine the wear intensity of the bearing mating with the ball stud in the tie rod end. The course of the vehicle driving during the period between repairs of the steering assembly was assumed. The modelled scheme of cornering was assumed to be close to the real one. The model of steering mechanism allowing determination of the load of the stud of the tie rod end as a function of the steering angle was elaborated and presented. The model of the ball stud was realized and described. The values of wear intensity for components were calculated and presented.


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in T1D and relates to IR. We demonstrated that lean and obese T1D youth have IR and that metformin improves surrogate markers of IR in obese T1D youth. Yet, little is known about vascular health in T1D youth or about the effect of metformin on directly-measured IR or vascular health. In The Effects of MEtformin on cardiovasculaR function in AdoLescents with type 1 Diabetes (EMERALD) study, we hypothesized that T1D youth have impaired vascular function and that metformin decreases IR and improves vascular health. 49 T1D youth ages 12-21 years (40% with BMI ≥ 90%ile; 44% male) and 24 controls of similar age, BMI and sex underwent phase contrast MRI of the ascending (AA) and descending aorta (DA) to determine aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wall shear stress (WSS). T1D youth also had carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) by ultrasound, DXA scan, fasting labs following overnight IV glycemic control, and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (80 mU/m 2 /min insulin) to assess IR (glucose infusion rate [mg/kg/min)]/insulin or M/I). T1D youth were then randomized 1:1 to 2g of metformin or placebo daily, and all measures repeated at 3 months. At baseline, T1D youth vs. controls had elevated aortic PWV (AA: 3.7±0.2 vs. 2.5±0.4 m/s, p 2 , p=0.003; DA: 1.6±0.vs. 1.1±0.07 N/m 2 , p 2 , p Disclosure K.J. Nadeau: None. P. Bjornstad: Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. M. Sch fer: None. L. Browne: None. A. Baumgartner: None. Y. Garcia Reyes: None. A. Maniatis: None. R. Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; MannKind Corporation, Dexcom, Inc., Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bigfoot Biomedical. S. Nayak: None. L. Pyle: None. M. Cree-Green: None. J.E. Reusch: Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Board Member; Self; American Diabetes Association. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca. Other Relationship; Self; Sanofi-Aventis.


Pigeonpea contributes to food and nutrition security among poor households in urban and rural areas. Globally it is characterized by stagnant and unstable yield due to its susceptibility to various stresses including the pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) which causes substantial damage to the crop and may result in absolute economic yield loss. The existing cultivated pigeonpea are susceptible to pod borer with only a few genotypes reported to be tolerant based on pod and seed damage. Limited information is available on morphological and biochemical traits associated with pod borer resistance among the existing genotypes. This study was therefore carried out to identify diversified sources of resistance against pod borer damage. The study was set up to assess traits that may contribute to pod borer resistance among 12 selected elite pigeonpea genotypes in three replicates and means were separated based on LSD test using Genstat software. The field study was carried out in Kerio Valley during the long rains of April-September of 2017. The genotypes varied significantly for all the parameters measured at P≤0.05 with a mean of 608.33 g/100 g (crude protein), 175.61 mg/100 g (total phenol), 19.85 mg/100 g (total flavonoid), 0.448 mm (trichome length), 210.6 / 4 mm2(trichome density) and 0.353 mm(depth of locules). Significant negative correlation was also observed between total phenol, total flavonoid, depth of locules, trichome length and trichome density with pod damage. However, a positive correlation was recorded between crude proteins with pod damage.  These results reveal that, host plant resistance is an association of several morphological and biochemical traits. Therefore, these genotypes with elevated levels can be selected and utilized in breeding towards improving resistance to pod borer in pigeonpea.


Korea District heating corp. recently give an attention to combine the district heating and supply pipes as a two pipe system that are in the present system separated with room heating and warm water supply pipe, and the two pipe system is commonly applied for heating service in European countries. In the new two pipe system, only one heat source is supplied to a house and partitioned into room heating and warm water supply by household substation. So the effective distribution of supplied heat source in accordance to user intention is very important. This paper presents the development and performance test of three-way proportional control valve for a combined heat source system in district heating. The proposed valve is controlled to partition heat source into two different directions:hot water distributor for space heating and household substation for warm water supply in response to the pressure drops of tap water caused by the user. The performance investigation is shown within 3% of error compared to the theoretical model of the three-way proportional valve and its controllability is verified.


Shofar ♦ An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies and with a clearer sense of his own identity. He concluded that moral responsibility relates to how one is treated as a child—whether "valued and nurtured, loved without expectation and listened to and heard" or treated as "of worth only as part of the larger whole. As second nature they learn passivity and obedience, not conscience." Malkin notes that his conclusion was "hardly original" but "nonetheless still seems far too little appreciated." The Argentina Journal is both artist's book and memoir; above all it is an extraordinary document created in extraordinary circumstances. The drawings and writings cannot be extracted from that context, being intricately bound up within it and deriving from it. The tensions felt at the time of the operation are powerfully conveyed via the intensity of the images and the accompanying narrated memories. The book raises significant questions on issues of dialogue and moral responsibility, and is revealing about the individual experiences and emotions of the author, enabling the viewer/reader to gain a unique insight into a complex series of events that have broad implications for our understanding of the Holocaust. Deborah Schultz History Department University of Sussex


The short tractate De officio legati by Stephanus Doletus (Étienne Dolet) was printed by the author at his printing establishment at Lyons in 1541. All books with Dolet's imprint are rare, many of them having been destroyed as heretical. From his press at Lyons between 1538 and 1544 proceeded 84 titles, no one library possessing more than a fraction of the total number bearing his imprint.


Objective To establish the diagnostic model for lung cancer by serum protein fingerprinting and evaluate its efficacy on the diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods Serum samples from 127 patients of lung cancer and 108 healthy people were randomly divided into training group(89 cases of lung cancer and 68 healthy people) and test group(38 cases of lung cancer and 40 healthy people).Their sera protein fingerprinting were read by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS).Using BioMarker Pattern software to analyze the distinct proteins between lung cancer and healthy people of training set and create a best decision classification tree model for diagnosing lung cancer.Then the model was blindly validated by the protein fingerprinting of the test group.Results The best decision classification tree model was successfully established,which including three proteins with the mass-to-charge ratio of 5 808,5 971 and 7 780.Blinded validation suggested that the accuracy for diagnosing lung cancer was 92.3%,and the sensitivity and specificity were 92.1%(35/38) and 92.5%(37/40),respectively.Conclusion The serum protein fingerprinting diagnostic model for lung cancer yields rather higher sensitivity and specificity than those of other traditional methods,which deserves further research.


In cars, often special changeable energy absorber units are used in order to reduce repair costs attributed from minor accidents. These kinds of absorber units are cheap and easy to change at low cost. Thus, one of the solutions showing such affordable energy absorbers is presented herein as a tapering mechanism. This uses a circular tube which is circumferentially reduced by a tapered die during impact. This tapering process of tubes (steel or aluminium) has proved to be efficient and absorbs more energy than either tube inversion or progressive buckling. The paper also presents some analytical predictions for such devices. The mechanism of tapering is thereby described using kinematic relations and energy considerations. This closed-form solution shows the influence of material and geometrical parameters on the mean impact load. Overall, extensive experimental studies with different materials, lubrications, tubes and dies have been performed. The varied parameters are thickness, diameter, die angle and degree of deformation. The influence of friction is tested using grease and oil lubrication and without lubricant. Experimental data show good agreement with analytical results. Language: en


Movement disorders prevent many people fromenjoying their daily lives. As with other diseases, diagnosisand analysis are key issues in treating such disorders.Computer vision-based motion capture s ...


Although unethical behavior often benefits third-parties not directly complicit in the misconduct, not all beneficiaries welcome these ill-gotten benefits. We investigate whether actors consider the ethical preferences of potential beneficiaries or rely solely on their own ethical predispositions when making decisions that affect others. Three studies demonstrate that the perceived ethical preferences of these beneficiaries can substantially influence the likelihood that actors behave unethically on their behalves. These studies show that actors consider the ethical preferences of beneficiaries only when their own ethical disposition is outcome-based.


ABSTRACT: A case of congenital fibrosarcoma was seen in a giant melanocytic nevus, an unusual association. The condition may pose a diagnostic dilemma. The axial skeletal lesions behave differently than the extremity lesions. A long term study is required for the specific treatment of such lesions.


In many physiological settings, microorganisms must swim through viscous fluids with suspended polymeric networks whose length scales are comparable to that of the organism. Here we present a model of a flagellar swimmer moving through a compliant viscoelastic network immersed in a three-dimensional viscous fluid. The swimmer moves with a prescribed gait, exerting forces on the fluid and the heterogeneous network. The viscoelastic structural links of this network are stretched or compressed in response to the fluid flow caused by these forces, and these elastic deformations also generate forces on the viscous fluid. Here we track the swimmer as it leaves a region of Newtonian fluid, enters and moves through a heterogeneous network and finally enters a Newtonian region again. We find that stiffer networks give a boost to the velocity of the swimmer. In addition, we find that the efficiency of swimming is dependent upon the evolution of the compliant network as the swimmer progresses through it.


The article explores how libraries are incorporating e-books, e-readers, in their collections and services. Taking as a starting point, the Cushing Academy in Massachusetts, the article takes the concept of remediation Bolter to theorize about how libraries are related to these devices, while delivering a brief overview of developments this technology and examines social and economic aspects related to the adoption and use of electronic book readers.


Fibonacenes are well known benzenoid graphs and their resonance graphs are isomorphic to Fibonacci cubes. In this paper we introduce so called cyclic fibonacenes and it turns out that their resonance graphs are isomorphic to Lucas cubes (together with two isolated vertices in even case). Further we establish a bijective correspondence between the maximal resonant sets of a cyclic fibonacene and the maximal hypercubes of its resonance graph t.i. Lucas cube, what gives us the insight into the structure of the latter.


The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the location where the interplay between large-scale outflows and accretion onto galaxies occurs. Metals in different ionization states flowing between the circumgalactic and intergalactic mediums are affected by large galactic outflows and low-ionization state inflowing gas. Observational studies on their spatial distribution and their relation with galaxy properties may provide important constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution. To provide new insights into the spatial distribution of the circumgalactic of star-forming galaxies, we select a sample of 238 close pairs at $1.5<z<4.5$ ($\langle z\rangle\sim$2.6) from the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey. We then generate composite spectra by co-adding spectra of $background$ galaxies that provide different sight-lines across the CGM to examine the spatial distribution of the gas located around these galaxies and investigate possible correlations between the strength of the low- and high-ionization absorption features with different galaxy properties. We detect C II, Si II, Si IV and C IV) up to separations $\langle b \rangle=$ 172 kpc and 146 kpc. Our $W_{0}$ radial profiles suggest a potential redshift evolution for the CGM gas content producing these absorptions. We find a correlation between C II and C IV with star formation rate, stellar mass and trends with galaxy size estimated by the effective radius and azimuthal angle. Galaxies with high star formation rate show stronger C IV absorptions compared with star-forming galaxies with low SFR and low stellar mass. These results could be explained by stronger outflows, softer radiation fields unable to ionize high-ionization state lines or by the galactic fountain scenario where metal-rich gas ejected from previous star-formation episodes fall back to the galaxy.


An analytic expression for the 2j‐pole static electric polarizability of an atom is obtained in a Coulomb‐like approximation. Core effects are neglected and following Bates' and Damgaard's method for oscillator strengths, the valence orbital is approximated by the asymptotically valid Whittaker function with hydrogenic normalization. Information about the symmetry allowed excited states is introduced via an r−2‐type pseudopotential. This simple choice leads to an analytically tractable perturbation equation which is solved by an adaptation of the technique of Schwartz and Tiemann. The effective nonintegral quantum numbers which enter our expression for the polarizability are obtainable from spectroscopic data. Our expression yields very accurate dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities for monovalent ground and excited s‐state atoms. Reasonable though somewhat less accurate results are obtained for divalent species and monovalent p‐state systems. The method is generalizable to frequency‐dependent perturbations.


Objective To investigate the frequency and methods of contraception in unmarried women undergoing induced abortion,and to find the reasons why they did not resort to contraceptive measures.Methods Anonymous investigation was conducted in unmarried pregnant women who wanted to perform induced abortion in provincial,municipal,and county hospitals of maternal and child health care in Hunan Province from March to August in 2009,then the data were sorted and analyzed with Excel and SPSS 13.0.Results The average age of unmarried women underwent induced abortion was 23.61,and most of them were the urban and nonlocal population,including office workers,students and unemployed persons.Their monthly incomes were at a middle or low level.Most of the women (91.3%) had resorted to contraceptive measures,but only 8.5% could insist on contraception.The frequency of resorting to contraceptive measures decreased with the decline of the hospital level(χ2=24.981,P=0.002).Their contraceptive measures were mainly condoms(63.3%),coitus interruptus(17.0%),and safe period(6.7%).The major causes of unmarried women without contraception were fluke mind (38.2%),ready to marry and have baby(24.5%),and unplanned sexual life(9.5%).Conclusions Low contraceptive using or the inefficient methods,fluke mind and unplanned sexual life are the major causes for unmarried female undergoing induced abortion.We should strengthen publicity and education about contraceptive knowledge for unmarried women,increase their self-protection awareness and abilities,and reduce the occurrence of premarital pregnancy.


A company that engineers turbomachinery and markets engineering software says it has noted increasing demand for pumps and so has launched a year-long program devoted to pump design. The company, Concepts NREC, engineers and manufactures custom equipment, including pumps and instruments, and also sells a variety of engineering and manufacturing software for pumps and other turbomachinery under the brand name Agile. Nitin Jain, the director of marketing, said Concepts NREC is leverag.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is a crucial and rapidly developing technology that is employed in a wide variety of essential real-life apps, including those in which it may be used to enhance decision making. However, the presence of a number of potential sources of uncertainty inside the IoT infrastructure might influence decision makers to take decisions that are not suitable. In the work that is being presented here, the primary emphasis is placed on the development of a risk-based decision-making methodology for the Internet of Things (IoT), with the goal of efficiently managing uncertainties and incorporating prior domain knowledge into the decision-making process. The creation of the framework is based on a systematic literature analysis that examines the risks and reasons of ambiguity in decision-making systems related to the internet of things (IoT). IoT risk contains many and conflicting criteria so, the concept of multi-criteria decision making is introduced to overcome this problem. The purpose of this article is to provide the comprehension survey of the decision making based on IoT risk evaluation.


Torque teno virus (TTV) is a group of chronically persisting viruses with a short circular DNA genome. TTV demonstrates a wide sequence diversity and a large majority of humans are chronically infected by one or more types of TTV. As TTV is ubiquitous, and viral replication correlates with immune status, TTV has been studied as a marker to assess global functional immune competence in transplant recipients. Most studies of the prevalence, amounts, and variation in TTV have been performed using PCR assays. We here present a comparison of the most frequently used quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for TTV with shotgun metagenomic sequencing for detection and characterization of TTV in a cohort of pediatric cancer patients. The results show that TTV is more common than the qPCR assays indicate, and analysis of the TTV genome sequences indicate that a qPCR with primers and probe designed on a conserved region of the TTV genome may fail to detect some of the TTV strains found in this study.


Corpora have been considered a source of native speakers' language use. For this reason, they are often applied to language pedagogy under the...


Determining electric vehicle charging infrastructure locations within a particular city or state is a key factor for a successful electrified transportation deployment. In this paper, a search algorithm is developed to calculate the number of charging infrastructure locations for a particular model of an electric vehicle when traveling between two points on a particular Interstate or US-Highway. The algorithm determines the actual mileage a given electric vehicle will travel, which in turn is used to determine the number of charging infrastructure locations. This algorithm is applied as a case study to determine the number of locations needed for a given electric vehicle model in Nebraska state, USA. Detailed analysis are conducted to identify gaps in the coverage area. Then, a prioritization method is applied to the selected locations and cities. This is done to insure key cities and highly visible Interstates and US-Highway corridors are selected for advancement of the State's economy and planning for deployment and penetrations of electric vehicle expansion.


Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma develops without evidence of myeloma and has been associated with paraproteinemia. A case of an exceedingly rare primary cutaneous plasmacytoma imaged by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is reported. A 57-year-old man with a 7to 8-month history of painful and progressively increasing swelling localized on the posterior region of the scalp is presented. On physical examination, multiple subcutaneous irregular, nontender swellings were found on the right parietooccipital region of scalp varying in size from 1 to 3 cm. The patient was referred for F-18 FDG imaging for further investigation and multiple hyperactive foci on the right parietooccipital region of the scalp were detected. An excisional biopsy of the largest nodule on histologic evaluation of the mass confirmed a neoplasm, which consisted of a uniform population of plasma cells. Underlying multiple myeloma was excluded by serum protein and immunoglobulin electrophoresis, roentgenographic skeletal survey, and bone marrow biopsy. Based on these findings, the lesions were diagnosed as a primary cutaneous plasmacytoma. (Clin Nucl Med 2007;32: 79–81)


Abstract The category of peoples that need tele-assistance includes persons with special needs (i.e. elderly, chronics, etc.) whose life style should be monitored and guided according to personalized plans. In this paper we propose a system for remote control of the TV-sets in a residence so that they become able to receive and display some thematic programs running on an embedded PC, which is generally placed into other room. The system includes two parts: one is dedicated to control remotely the TV-set and other is to transmit the film from PC to TV. A key issue to solve was to assure the remote control of the TV-set by PC without user action involving and also avoiding any modification inside the existent equipments. The proposed solution is based on a special designed relay-translator which manages a radio receiver module and an IR transceiver.


abstract This focus piece comes out of a recognition that higher institutions can and must play a key role in transforming the gendered landscape of food security. Close to 70% of labour related to post-harvest in Ethiopia is carried out by women. However, this does not mean that decision-making in a family (about what to grow or how to market it) is determined by women, and it also does not mean that women have equal access (compared to men) to resources and to status more broadly. Alongside this analysis is a recognition that women are often left out of the development of new technologies that could change the nature of their labour. While clearly there is a need to mainstream gender in the curriculum of post-harvest in higher education institutions, the unique challenges facing universities (especially in Agriculture) remains an area that is under-studied, even though within the development literature more generally the idea of mainstreaming and integrating gender has had prominence at least for several decades in Ethiopia. The article focuses on two key aspects of engendering the curriculum: (1) what is taught, and (2) who is teaching and who is being taught. Drawing first on the idea of mapping the roles and responsibilities of men and women in various crop areas, the idea of a systematic approach to understanding the gender issues is highlighted. The focus goes on to look at the ways in which women are often absent from the curriculum, both in relation to female faculty members and female students. It ends with discussion of the way forward that includes some of the lessons learnt and some of the challenges required to 'unleash' the power of the farmer and her husband.


Desertification (transformation of arable or habitable land to desert) is one of the serious environmental problems and has attracted worldwide attenntion. Apart from its threat on the living environment, desertification has also been an obstacle to social stability and global economy. China the oldest continuous major world civilization, a population of more than 1.3 billion and a territory of 9·6 million km 2 , is one of the most severely desertified countries in the world. Desertification is especially severe in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region of China. However, the legislation,enforcement and jurisdiction of law in terms of anti-desertification in Xinjiang is seriously flawed, as a result of planned economy and are not consistent with the market economy. Aim of this study is to evaluate the desetification problem in Xinjiang, and analyze the problem of desertification from the perspective of law. This research starts with the investigation of desertification in Xinjiang with reference to legislation and enforcement of law in terms of desertification in other countries. Legislation analysis with regard to the anti-desertification legislation of Xinjiang are discussed. There is no clear delineation of responsibility between administrative and other departments in the current anti-desertification reginal law system in Xinjinag. Reginal legislation lacks systematic protection. The main body of resource management is not clearly defined and regulations concerning financal support are not reasonable. The anti-desertification in Xinjiang lack of support in terms of ecological protection.


In this paper, we give the definition of harmonic curvature function some special curves such as helix, slant curves, Mannheim curves and Bertrand curves. Then, we recall the characterizations of helices [8], slant curves (see [19]) and Mannheim curves (see [12]) in three dimensional Lie groups using their harmonic curvature function. Moreover, we define Bertrand curves in a three dimensional Lie groupG with a bi-invariant metric and the main result in this paper is given as (Theorem 3.4): A curve α : I ⊂ R →G with the Frenet apparatus {T,N,B,κ, τ} is a Bertrand curve if and only if λκ + μκH = 1 where λ, μ are constants and H is the harmonic curvature function of the curve α.


CARLETON M. SAGE, S.S. for a few notices in Welsh annals and numerous passing references in the works-ofGerald of Wales and in the Cistercian Statutes.' This is the material which the author has assembled, together with important additions from the Calendars of Patent Rolls, Close Rolls, Charter Rolls, and 'Papal Registers; from the Taxatio Nicholai IV and the Valor eccleeiasiicus. From this we are given the history of thirteen small monasteries, though in no case is there enough material to make a continuous narrative. It is only at intervals that they could be said to have flourished even in a modest way; usually they suffered from the constant disorders of a primitive country in which neither native princes nor Marcher Lords contributed much in the way of law and order. An interesting fact which the author stresses is that the monasteries divided sharply along nationalistic lines according as their membership was Welsh or English, and this un-contemplative political partisanship could not help being a cause contributing to their tragic spiritual as well as economic decline as the middle ages drew to a close. The monograph is interesting and useful in bringing together a good deal of scattered material on a neglected corner of history. But one wonders if the author has always made the fullest use of what is available. At times his text is a granular assembly of facts without much interpretation and synthesis, and often without sufficient placing of his facts in the larger background of general Cistercian and ecclesiastical history. He says the Calendar of Papal Registers contains many instances of provisions for Welsh Cistercians; these could throw some light on monastic observance. J. B. Mahn's very important study on the government of the Cistercian Order perhaps appeared too late (1945) to be used; but a glance at a current bibliography reveals several promising but unused articles of as much as a dozen years ago dealing specifically with these monasteries. There are typographical errors, as in the reference to Otho Ducourneau's articles in the Revue Mabillon (p. 7, n. 12). At times the translations from Latin are needlessly free and even dubious; e.g. on p. 5 the conprovinciales of Meaux Abbey are called 'the peoples of the provinces', and ad coadjuvandum quidam, quidam vero ad conversionem is rendered 'some to help, others to become conoersi' where 'to become monks' is more probable. The translation on p. 53 does not make sense as it stands. 'Reciprocal visitation' (p. 4) is not a good way of expressing the Cistercian method which normally went down, but not up, the lines of filiation. Thus the reader must be cautious; none the less he will be grateful to the author for having brought together so much to fill a notable gap in monastic history.


: The short production cycle, high biomass production, and adaptability to various edofoclimatic conditions have led the eucalyptus to a prominent position in the world forestry sector. However, little is known about fungal community structure in these crops. This work aimed to evaluate the structure of soil fungal communities in eucalyptus forests as a function of rhizosphere effect and crop cycles of this crop. We used the independent PCR-DGGE method to evaluate the structure of the soil fungal community in Eucalyptus urograndis plantations located in the Vale do Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric portions of the soil were sampled in an area of recent forest establishment and in an area under multiple cycles. The principal component analysis revealed that the rhizosphere microenvironment is the dominant component in structuring the fungal communities in the areas studied, and this effect is more pronounced in the area of recent establishment of eucalyptus culture. The same pattern was found for the richness and diversity values, with the greatest differences found in the recently established area. In both studied areas the dominance of the order Agaricales prevailed, evidencing the role of the fungal community in the cycling of nutrients in the soil.


TENANTS AND THE TECHNOOTHER IMPORTANT THE AMERICAN LOGICAL STUDIES DREAM Ideology and WOMAN Interfacing ANERGY AND V the Tenant Movement with the Future AMERICAr HArvE S Allan David Heskin, University edited by Jan Zimmerman Sanford Lakouff, HadvJyBroOks, of Calitornia, Los Angeles This extensive collection focuses 256 pp 1982 $2795 ISBN 0-03-062468-1 A ground breaking and detailed on how technology affects women, paper $12 95 ISBN 0-03-062469-X study of the demographics of teand how women can have a hand nant consciousness, which is growin shaping our technological future ORGANIZING ing rapidly as more and more to better serve women's needs. WOMEN OFFICE Americans are unable to fulfill their Covers subjects such as transporWORKERS Dissatisfaction, desire to own a home. Reviews the tation and urban planning, healthConsciousness, and Action history of the tenant movement in care technology, women's work Roberta Goldberg the U.S. from colonial times, and and automation, women in science ca 192 pp April 1983 ca $22 95 ISBN summarizes the relationship befiction, sexism in tech talk, women 0-03-063287-0 tween tenant consciousness and in technical policy making, office sense of political efficacy, technology, organizing women at Available through your local allegiance, and activism, sugwork, women and technology in the bookseller or order directly from: gesting and assessing changes in third world, technology in the PRAEGER PUBLISHERS American society that the tenant home, and genetic engineering. 521 Fifth Avenue movement could engender 304 pp February 1983 $24 95 Attn Ms. Sonya Harroo ca 288 pp March 1983 ca. $26 95 ISBN 0-03-062829-6 New York, N.Y. 10175 ISBN 0-03-072133-X N


A stock market is the center of a network of transactions where buyers and sellers of securities meet at a specified price. Stock market plays a key role in the mobilization of capital in emerging and developed countries, leading to the growth of industry and commerce of the country, as a consequence of liberalized and globalized policies adopted by most emerging and developed government. Many factors can be a signal to stock market participants to expect a higher or lower return when investing in stock and one of these factors are other country currencies. The market for foreign currencies or foreign exchange, where the relative prices of national units of account or exchange rates are determined. If you plan to travel to any of those places, you'll want to know so you can evaluate prices. The change in currency variables can significantly impact stock price return. In this research, we will examine the impact of currencies in India. They claim that macroeconomic variables affect stock market behavior is a well-established theory in the financial economics literature. However, in the Past two decades several researchers made an attempt to study the macroeconomic effects on stock market.


Based on current research on cluster governance and considering the particularity of aviation cluster,the paper analyzes the relationships between cluster initiative and cluster governance,constructs an analysis framework of aviation cluster governance,and advances the essential model of aviation cluster governance.Obviously such research has important implications for governments and other cluster bodies to participate in cluster governance and enhance the cluster's innovation capabilities.