This paper describes the system submission of our team Amazon to the shared task on Cross Framework Meaning Representation Parsing (MRP) at the 2019 Conference for Computational Language Learning (CoNLL). Via extensive analysis of implicit alignments in AMR, we recategorize five meaning representations (MRs) into two classes: Lexical- Anchoring and Phrasal-Anchoring. Then we propose a unified graph-based parsing framework for the lexical-anchoring MRs, and a phrase-structure parsing for one of the phrasal- anchoring MRs, UCCA. Our system submission ranked 1st in the AMR subtask, and later improvements show promising results on other frameworks as well.


Objective:To establish a method for the determination of Rhodamine B in food by HPLC method.Methods: Samples were extracted,purified,concentrated,and then went into the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),separated by C18 and detected by UV/visible(UV/VIS) detector.Results: There is a good linearity in the range of 0.1 mg/L~10 mg/L,correlation coefficient(r) is 0.9994 or more,the method recovery is 96.1%~100.4%,relative standard deviation RSD(%) is 1.8%~3.9%.Conclusion: The method is simple,sensitive,less interference,accuracy and reliable with good selectivity and good precision.


Rationale Recent studies suggest that similar injury mechanisms are in place across different solid organ transplants, resulting in the identification of a common rejection module (CRM), consisting of 11 genes that are overexpressed during acute and, to a lesser extent, chronic allograft rejection.


A resonator antenna made from a woodpile electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material and a metallic ground plane is proposed. The resonator is fed using a double slot antenna in the ground plane of the device. The antenna has the advantages of high gain and low sidelobes. To confirm the complete bandgap of the woodpile EBG material, a band diagram is computed. Preliminary theoretical results on radiation patterns and impedance bandwidth are described.


Synopsis The point-load test, more commonly used in geotechnical practice, is evaluated for application in concrete testing as a potential method for estimating the strength of steel-fibre-reinforc...


The present invention discloses a rotation detecting apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. The rotation sensing device comprises a vibrator and a detection electrode of the at least one pair. Vibrator of the pair are arranged on the substrate symmetrically, with each vibrator comprises an electrostatic oscillator, the support element, and the resilient element. The support element is connected to the substrate. The elastic element is connected with the electrostatic oscillator, and is rigidly connected to the support element so that the floating body at a predetermined height from the substrate electrostatic vibration. A sensing electrode disposed on the substrate at least corresponding to the pair of vibrators. Vibrator may vibrate horizontally by the electrostatic force, if the rotation is caused to be vertically shaking in the substrate by the Coriolis force. Rotation can be measured by detecting the change in electrostatic capacitance between the vibration body and the sensing electrode. Method for producing a hand, the rotation detection device is to avoid an asymmetrical structure caused by misalignment due to multiple optical mask manufacture, employs an optical mask for the manufacture of a vibration structure. Rotation detection device, a vibrator, a sensing electrode, the substrate, the electrostatic oscillator, the support element, the resilient element, the optical mask


ALTHOVCrI TR.~CrmOSTOMY was practised by the ancient Greeks before i00 B.C,, it became firmly established in the 19th century as a life-saving procedure largely for the relief of upper respiratory tract obstruction due to diphtheria) During the past 30 to 40 years the operation has found broader clinieaI application in the ~nanagement of other causes of respiratory insufiiciency) -4 In spite of its long history, the complication rate of the operation has remained rather high, especially when performed under emergency conditions, even in present day well equipped and well staffed cenlres? In our environment, where facilities for intensive patient care are still deficient, the need for tracheostomy frequently arises in the management of patients with respiratory embarrassment during the course of acute infective diseases. We aimed in this study to review in some detail the usage and complication rate of the operation and to assess its value to patients so treated.


A new quantization scheme for a massive scalar field in de Sitter spacetime is proposed, based on the general boundary formulation of quantum field theory. We show that the general interacting theory can be consistently described in terms of the S-matrix for spatial asymptotic states. The new S-matrix results to be equivalent to the standard one in situations where both apply. This is due to the existence of an isomorphism between the corresponding asymptotic state spaces.


In multi-storied framed building, harms from seismic tremor by and large start at areas of structural weakness present in the lateral load resisting frames. Diaphragms with unexpected discontinuities or varieties in stiffness, which incorporates those having removed or open regions more prominent than 50 percent of the gross encased diaphragm area, or changes in viable diaphragm stiffness of more than 50 percent starting with one story then onto the next. In structural designing, a diaphragm is a basic framework used to exchange horizontal loads to shear walls or frames essentially through in-plane shear stress. Lateral loads are normally wind and seismic tremor loads. In this paper attempt has been made to study two sorts of arrangement namely diaphragm discontinuity and re-entrant corners in the structure. These irregularities are made according to provision 7.1 of IS 1893:2002(part1) code. Different irregular models were considered having diaphragm irregularity and reentrant corners which were analyzed utilizing ETABS to decide the seismic reaction of the building. The models were investigated utilizing static, dynamic and pushover analysis and parameters considered being displacement, maximum drift, base shear, and time period. From the present study the model which is most vulnerable to failure under exceptionally extreme seismic zone is discovered.


In this paper we apply the interfacial wave theory of dendritic crystal growth to the case in which the thermal diffusivity constant and the specific heat of the liquid state are different from those of the solid state. The problem is formulated as a linear eigenvalue problem. A quantum condition for the eigenvalues is derived and a discrete set of possible solutions is found. The selection problem is solved using the global neutral stable state analysis proposed by the interfacial wave theory.


This paper describes the development of FLAIR (Flexible Learning with an Artificial Intelligence Repository), a repository of educational material and of a highly visual computing environment for use in laboratories associated with the introductory undergraduate Artificial Intelligence (AI) course. This repository supports sharing of pedagogic material and of development tools, and cooperation in their use, while allowing diversity in content and in use at different institutions. Thus the development of the repository has stressed the production of system tools, extensible object-oriented libraries, and strong programming frameworks. Some modules currently available are on Search and Automated Reasoning. Examples of the presentation techniques used are conceptual maps, hypertext, and graphic animations of algorithms. Initial experience in the use of the repository in teaching the introductory AI course is taking place in the 1993/94 academic year.


Values of the uniaxial anisotropy, cubic anisotropy, saturation magnetic induction, and saturation magnetostriction were obtained from measurements of the magnetization and magnetostriction of stress-annealed Galfenol (Fe100-xGax,x=12.5,18.4, and 22.0)and Fe81Al19 as a function of compressive stresses <100 MPa. The values were derived from fitting magnetization and magnetostriction curves to the energy expression Ei=-mu 0MsHalphaz+Kcubic(alpha x 4+alphay 4+alphaz  4)+Ku niaxialalphaz 2-lambdasatTalphaz 2, where Ms,lambdasat and the K's are fit parameters. The alphai's are the direction cosines of the magnetization direction with respect to the field and stress direction (z).H is the magnetic field and T is the measurement stress (compressive T<0). Data are fit with high precision by only the above four constants plus a smoothing constant. Importantly, Kuniaxial enables a prediction of the maximum usable tensile stress


The peak material gains of 1.3 µm semiconductor material systems are numerically studied with a LASTIP simulation program. Specifically, the optical properties of the AlGaInAs and InGaAsN material systems are investigated. Simulation results suggest that, using a p-type AlInAs electron stopper layer, improved temperature dependence of slope efficiency in the operating temperature range from 25 to 85 °C can be obtained for a ridge-waveguide AlGaInAs/InP laser structure. On the other hand, using a strain-compensated active region consisting of In0.36Ga0.64As0.99N0.01 (6 nm)/GaAs0.99N0.01 (10 nm), a high laser performance and stimulated emission characteristics can be achieved for a ridge-waveguide InGaAsN/GaAs laser structure.


The Ca-P, Al-P, Fe-P, occluded, organic, available and total P were estimated in pedons of seven soil series of Vertisols and their relationship was ascertained with the smectite content and crack volume. These were taken as mirror image of weathering. The Ca-P, available, organic and total P were higher in the younger Vertisols of Taswaria and Taswaria sodic series, derived from calcicgneiss complex, whereas the Al-P, Fe-P and occluded P fractions maintained their higher concentrations in the older Vertisols of Patan and Aklera series, originating from basalt. Vertisols of Chambal and Kota series, developed on basaltic alluvium, were intermediate between these two types. Variations in parent materials failed to account for the close resemblance of Vertisols of Bhatewar series, developed from gneiss complex, to that of Patan and Aklera series, derived from basalt, with respect to the fractions of phosphorus. Calcium-P, available, organic and total P decreased while Al-P, Fe-P and occluded P registered a reverse trend with increasing smectite content. However, the similar relationship did not hold good in Chambal and Kota series, having higher smectites and higher Ca-P, organic and total P as compared to the Vertisols of Bhatewar series. A plot of crack volume against forms of phosphorus indicated that the Ca-P, organic and total P decreased while the Al-P, Fe-P and occluded P fractions showed opposite trends with crack volume. The crack volume was a better index of weathering, representing not only the smectite content but also its complete profile, for explaining variations in phosphorus content. It may be used as a pedotransfer function for gauging the availability of phosphorus elsewhere in Vertisols.


This study was conducted to evaluate the socio-economic status of the duck farmers and to investigate the management practices of duck farming. Also attempt to identify the problems of duck farming in Biswanath and Balagonj upazila of Sylhet during a period from September to November 2014. For this study the information was collected by direct interview using a questionnaire from 60 duck farmers. Status of the duck farmers of the selected regions were investigated in the present study. The results reveal that most of the respondents duck farmers were 6 members). About 73% farmers had no training on duck farming and some of the farmers had training with short duration (7 to 15 days). Fifty percent of the farmers were made duck houses with tin-shed and wood having necessary floor space. Result of this study revealed that majority of the farmers (68%) had no idea about common duck diseases. The highest proportion of the farmers (65%) never followed the vaccination program regularly. There have some problems identified for duck farming including low price of duck meat and egg made ranked as most serious problems. Therefore, if the problems are addressed properly, the duck farming in haor areas in Sylhet, Bangladesh could be more profitable business for the farmers. International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 73-79


tHE cArinG For our countrY ProGrAM (cFoc) was launched in October 2007 by Ministers Burke (Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) and Garrett (Environment, Heritage and the Arts). Offering $2.25 billion over 5 years, the policy for funding land stewardship programs breaks new ground in several ways. It requires projects to satisfy broad ecological objectives: often these cross land tenures and boundaries. In doing so projects need to blend private and public land cultures, purposes and groups: these traditionally operate in different ways. The program offers the opportunity to enlarge the Landcare concept to a sub-regional and regional scale. This was part of the Ministers' intention: It (CFOC) recognises that the previous system was not working efficiently, with funding scattered across the country to individual projects, often working in isolation from each other. (www. nrm.gov.au/about/caring/index/html2007) However, the chair of Landcare NSW, David Walker, quickly criticised the approach for achieving the opposite effect. Far from empowering community groups, it pitted them against powerful CMAs and other government natural resource management agencies with skills in driving the bureaucratic machinery that justified funding bids (www.murrumbidgeelandcare.asn.au/files/MR24-11-08.pdf). Such arguments are currently being played out across Australia: this case study explores some of the emerging issues encountered by one community, aspects of whose approach to land restoration is being shaped by the new policy direction.


Abstract The layered oxide thermoelectric material β -Na 0.67 CoO 2 has been studied by powder neutron diffraction, electric and magnetic measurements. This compound includes an edge-sharing CoO 6 slab and a highly vacant Na + sheet in a unit cell (space group symmetry C 2/ m , a =4.9023(4) A, b =2.8280(2) A, c =5.7198(6) A and β =105.964(6)° at 300 K). The evaluated formal valence of cobalt ion, +3.33(1), is ascribed to the coexistence of Co 3+ and Co 4+ in the ratio 2:1. Polycrystalline β -Na 0.67 CoO 2 , a p -type thermoelectric material, exhibits metallic behavior of the electric resistivity below 300 K. The Curie–Weiss-type magnetic susceptibility indicates antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic cobalt ions in the edge-sharing CoO 6 slab.


This paper reports on the design, performance and signal processing of a visible/near infrared (VIS-NIR) chromotomographic hyperspectral imaging sensor. The sensor consists of a telescope, a direct vision prism, and a framing video camera. The direct vision prism is a two-prism set, arranged such that one wavelength passes undeviated, while the other wavelengths are dispersed along a line. The prism is mounted on a bearing so that it can be rotated on the optical axis of the telescope. As the prism is rotated, the projected image is multiplexed on elements of the focal plane array. Computational methods are used to reconstruct the scene at each wavelength; an approach similar to the limited-angle tomography techniques used in medicine. The sensor covers the visible through near infrared spectrum of silicon photodiodes. The sensor weighs less than 6 pounds has under 300 in3 volume and requires 20 watts. It produces image cubes, with 64 spectral bands, at rates up to 10 Hz. By operating in relatively fast framing mode, the sensor allows characterization of transient events. We will describe the sensor configuration and method of operation. We also present examples of sensor spectral image data.


We present three explicit methods for construction of formally self-dual codes over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ . We characterize relations between Lee weight enumerators of formally self-dual codes of length $n$ over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ and those of length $n+2$ ; the first two construction methods are based on these relations. The last construction produces free formally self-dual codes over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ . Using these three constructions, we can find free formally self-dual codes over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ , as well as non-free formally self-dual codes over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ of all even lengths. We find free or non-free formally self-dual codes over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ of lengths up to ten using our constructions. In fact, we obtain 46 inequivalent formally self-dual codes whose minimum Lee weights are larger than self-dual codes of the same length. Furthermore, we find 19 non-linear extremal binary formally self-dual codes of lengths 12, 16, and 20, up to equivalence, from formally self-dual codes over $ {\mathbb Z}_{4}$ by using the Gray map.


A large fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows a plateau phase during the X-ray afterglow emission, whose physical origin is still debated. In this work we define a sample of 30 GRBs with simultaneous X-ray and optical data during and after the plateau phase. Through a time-resolved spectral analysis of the X-ray plateaus, we test the consistency of the unabsorbed optical fluxes with those obtained via X-ray-to-optical spectral extrapolation by assuming a synchrotron spectrum. Combining X-ray with optical data, we find that 63% (19/30) GRBs are compatible with a single synchrotron spectrum thus suggesting that both the optical and X-ray radiations are produced from a single emitting region. For these GRBs we derive the temporal evolution of the break frequency and we compare it with the expectations predicted by several models. For 11/30 GRBs the optical emission is above the predicted range of values extrapolated from the X-rays in at least one temporal bin of the light curve. These GRBs may not be explained with a single zone emission, indicating the necessity of invoking two cooperating processes in order to explain the broad band spectral behaviour during X-ray plateaus. We discuss our findings in the framework of different scenarios invoked to explain the plateau feature, including the energy injection from a spinning-down magnetar and the high latitude emission from a structured jet.


Catbird is a well-known security player in the virtualization market with its vSecurity product able to proactively secure the virtual network and guest operating systems ...


Objective To approach continuous blood purification(CBP) remedy contributes to prognosis of patients with cardiorenal syndrome(CRS).Methods 27 patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) complicating acute kidney injury(AKI) were selected from May 2007 to October 2010.Cardiac output(CO),systemic vascular resistance(SVR),thoracic fluid capacity(TFC),central venous pressure(CVP) were observed separately at 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,120 h after CBP treatment by non-invasive hemodynamics monitoring system.Urinary volume and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) score were observed synchronously.Dynamic state change of serum creatinine(Scr),cysteine proteinase inhibitors C(CysC),high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),serum sodium level(Na+) were observed at the same time.Record their fatality rate at the 28 d.Results After 24 h CBP treatment,fluid and electrolyte imbalance,acidosis were treated well,concentration of Scr and CysC decreased obviously,level of CO got improved,while SVR,TFC and CVP got decreased.hs-CRP level and APACHE II score were significantly decreased after 72 h CBP treatment(both P0.01).After 72-120 h CBP treatment,24 patients break away from the oliguria stage and their sensibility to diuretics got recuperated,fatality rate in the 28 d was 11.12%.Conclusions CBP treatment could improve myocardial function,shorten oliguria stage,decrease fatality rate and improve the prognosis of CRS patients.


The distinct embryology, epidemiology, assodated anomalies, and natural history of gastroschisis and omphalocele are reviewed. Principles of management are discussed and specific surgical strategies are recommended: for gastroschisis, early bedside placement of a prefabricated, spring-loaded Silastic silo and later abdominal wall closure by way of delayed primary repair or formal silo placement and staged reduction; for omphalocele, primary repair of small defects and delayed repair of larger defects after topical treatment with silver sulfadiazine. In both cases, the main determinant of mortality and morbidity is usually not the abdominal wall defect: for gastroschisis, it is mainly related to the degree of associated intestinal injury; for omphalocele, it is mainly related to the frequently occurring serious associated anomalies.


Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become one of the major clinical therapies that improve long term survival in heart failure (HF) patients. The beneficial effects of CRT have been suggested, including upregulation of sarcoplamic reticulum ATPase, β 1 -adrenergic receptor expression, and improved chamber mechanoenergetics. Here, we reveal that CRT also acts as a calcium sensitizer and restores maximum force when applied in a dog model of dyssynchronous HF (DHF, 6 wks rapid atrial pacing with LBBB). Trabeculae (in mm: 0.35±0.02 wide, 0.22±0.01 thick, 1.74±0.13 long, n=27) from the ventricles of control, DHF, always synchronous HF (HF-synch, atrial rapid pacing for 6 wks), and CRT (BiV rapid pacing for latter 3 wks) were dissected, mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm, and chemically skinned in 1% Triton. Force-pCa relations were obtained with varied [Ca 2+ ]. The Table compares maximal Ca 2+ -activated force (F max ), the [Ca 2+ ] for 50% of F max (Ca 50 ), and the Hill coefficient in these groups. In parallel, myofibrillar ATPase activity as a function of Ca 2+ activation were studied in these four groups (n=4, and 3 runs in each dog sample). DHF displayed a substantial downward shift with depression of minimum and maximal Ca 2+ -activated myofibrillar ATPase compared with control or CRT, and HF-synch myofibrils also yielded a response quite similar to that of DHF. Finally, 2D-DiGE and mass spectrometry of the myofilament proteins showed increased phosphorylation of troponin I, myosin light chain 2, and α -tropomyosin (at a novel site, T237), while troponin T had less phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that (1) myofilament Ca 2+ responsiveness is markedly depressed in HF and this myofilament abnormality occurs in HF per se (i.e. regardless of synchrony), (2) CRT significantly improves myofilament Ca 2+ responsiveness, and (3) post-translational modification of myofil-ament proteins may underlie the beneficial myofilament effects of CRT.


Java software is often perceived to be slow as compared to corresponding C/C++ or FORTRAN software. For some computationally demanding algorithms, straightforward implementations in Java may run 100-150 times or more slower than C++ or FORTRAN. In the past, problem algorithms have included floating point intensive algorithms such as FFTs and integer functions such as endian and alignment byte manipulations. However, current JVMs do well with model floating point code such as FFTs and linear algebra. Java vectors and lists are somewhat slow compared to C++ equivalents; hashmaps can be very fast. Function calls in general, and getters and setters in particular, remain troublesome. Current JITs are extremely important for optimizing performance.


In this paper, a novel cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) operating at 60 GHz is introduced. The antenna is fabricated using a high-resistivity silicon wafer. The DR is defined in the wafer using micromachining technology. The feeding network is located at the other side of the wafer. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS and the results are verified by measurements. The antenna radiation is mainly along the broadside direction. The measured gain, radiation efficiency, and bandwidth are 7 dBi, 74.65%, and 2.23 GHz respectively. The antenna is characterized by high polarization purity where the maximum cross-polarization is -15 dB.


Purpose. To increase the effectiveness of diagnostic predictors for the development of sudden infant death based on the study of the role of infectious agents.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 120 cases of development of children, suddenly deceased, medical charts of pregnant women, histories of childbirth of mothers was carried out, and the morphological features of the suddenly deceased children were studied. The frequency of distribution and types of viruses detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) in the examined children who died suddenly in their first year of life were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the research results was made in the MedStat software.Results. The frequency of detection of various infectious agents among the deceased from sudden infant death is (64.4 ± 4.2) %. Morphohistological study indicated characteristic signs of catarrhal tracheobronchitis (83.0 ± 5.5) %, focal intraepithelial inflammation of the larynx and trachea (48.9 ± 7.3) %, desquamative catarrhal pneumonia (31.9 ± 6.8) %, as well as acute focal bronchitis (27.7 ± 6.5) %.Conclusion. The performed study confirms that in the genesis of sudden infant death, along with a role of social and economic, medical and biological factors, there is an obvious negative effect of infectious agents, with the infectious activator working as the trigger and provoking sudden infant death.


A recent review demonstrated that for patients with a life-limiting diagnosis, the early involvement of palliative care services improved a vast range of outcomes. This benefit, applied not only to patients with a malignant diagnosis, but notably, also for those burdened by a broad range of non-malignant diseases. The involvement of palliative care services allows a holistic needs assessment, the identification of values and preferences and advanced care planning. However, an adequate period of time is required, to build rapport with the patient and family, and to better meet their palliative needs. Palliative care in the Top End of the Northern Territory (NT) is provided exclusively by Territory Palliative Care (TPC).Weundertook a retrospective cohort study, involving patients deceased in 2016,whohadbeen casemanaged by Top End TPC, to examine the relationship between duration of case management and patient's principal diagnosis.


Summary The work described in this thesis focuses on the development of inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa targeting lectins LecA and LecB to inhibit the adhesion of this pathogen and also its biofilm formation. The specificity of the adhesion process could be also used as a detection handle.


Electrostatic plasmon resonances of metal nanospheres situated in a stratified medium are analyzed theoretically utilizing a Green's function surface integral equation method. An efficient scheme for direct calculation of both particle plasmon eigenfrequencies and absorption cross sections is presented. By means of symmetry considerations we reduce the three-dimensional analysis to a single integral along the polar angle of the nanosphere and we show how all effects of the stratified surrounding can be built into the Green's function. We exemplify our approach by calculating the plasmon eigenfrequencies and absorption cross sections of silver nanospheres above a silicon surface and within a thin silicon film. The analysis of such configurations is important for plasmon enhanced solar cells.


It hasn't been definitively established whether lithium increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Danish investigators used national databases to examine the relationship between diagnosis, medication use, and CKD in 1.8 million people from 1995 to 2012. End-stage CKD (requiring dialysis or transplant) was diagnosed in 0.2% of the sample, possible CKD in 1.0%, and definite CKD in 0.8%.

The risk for all kinds of CKD was highest …


Establish an efficient learning mode with science and technology is the development trend.Information technology courses in modem educational technology were the next important cognitive tool.Establishment three-dimensional teaching material and dealing the teaching resources storehouse with digitized processing were the important tools to displays this cognition means fully.The new educational model of information technological class curriculum was discussed based on this recognize.


This report shows that the best achievable performance of sampled-data control systems does not necessarily converge to that of continuous-time control systems even if a sampling period approaches zero. Moreover, it studies when a sampled-data system has the converging property and when it does not. Especially, a necessary and sufficient condition in order to guarantee convergence for almost all plants is obtained. The present analysis uses a lifting-based framework for sampled-data systems, which can treat a large class of generalized samplers and holds.


Air-sea interaction processes in the marine boundary layer have a severe impact on the performance of infrared and radar sensors. Multispectral mm-wave/IR-sensors may exhibit complementary performance thus leading to a combined optimum performance. Propagation models have to be tested in order to cope with the varying environment and allow a performance prediction for sensors in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. To validate existing propagation models like TERPEM for radar and IRBLEM for IR performance and to compare IR and mm-wave propagation over the sea under various atmospheric conditions, joint experiments were conducted over transmission ranges well beyond the horizon, assisted by a careful environmental characterization. The paper describes the experimental approach and gives representative results for measurement and simulation.


Test methods have been developed for measuring the response to specimen one-meter lengths of coaxial cables, considered as sensing elements, to four separate types of strain: bending strain, bulk compress ion, ax ia 1 strain, and torsional strain. Measurements were made on commercially available coaxial cables and on coaxial cables made in the laboratory from insulated wire and wire braid. Cable dielectric materials investigated include po 1 y te t ra f 1 uoroe t hy 1 ene (TFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer (FEP) , cellular FEP, polyethylene, cellular polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Data from the measurements are included in an appendix.


Based on many years of experience with the Shell/Esso Brent Spar and other floating units for production, storage and direct tanker loading, a fully self-contained system has been designed for offshore oil field developments. This system, called Semi Spar, integrates production, storage and export tanker loading in a single semisubmersible type of unit, is suitable for tie-in of a large number of subsea completed wells, and has an inherent large flexibility to cope with a wide range of functional requirements. This concept, which was developed some years ago, has now been simplified, and it is this simpler version which is presented in this paper.


Pleomorphic adenoma usually occurs in the salivary gland. Occurrence in the nasal cavity is very rare and none have been reported in the vestibule of the nose.A very rare case of pleomorphic adenoma in the right vestibule of the nose in a 62-yearold woman is reported. The mass was 2.5 cm×2.0 cm and was located under the right lateral cutis. The mass was surgically removed via an intranasal approach. Histopathological examination showed similarities to pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. Origin of this pleomorphic adenoma seemed to be the anterior nasal gland because of its location.Previous reports of nasal pleomorphic adenoma are also reviewed. There were 41 prior cases in Japan. Most nasal pleomorphic adenoma is in the nasal septum. Only 4 cases were located on the lateral side of the nose.Differential diagnosis of intranasal masses is discussed. Reticulum cell sarcoma, hemangioma, melanoma and Wegener's granulomatosis occur more frequently than pleomorphic adenoma. Biopsy is the most reliable method of diagnosis, but there are two contradictory opinions about biopsy. One is that, biopsy should be performed to rule out malignancy. The other is that biopsy should not be done because it may cause concretion of nasal mucosae. Therefore, we thought that biopsy should be done only after careful clinical examination.


You really don't know why you agreed to it, but here you were, mixed in a crowd of rather aggressive and rowdy strangers. Many of which had drunk far more than their share of booze. You couldn't blame them though, that's what parties were for right? Get wasted and dance, maybe get lucky with someone, do things you'll regret. You almost felt compelled to join them but decided against it for no greater reason than simply not feeling the urge. Well, that and if you drank who would carry your friends wasted asses home once things dwindled down? You didn't want to think that was the only reason you had been persuaded so assertively, but it certainly seemed to be a big one.


The aim of the study was to examine emotional processes when product prices for different brands were changed. In a within-subjects design, the participants were presented purchase decision trials with 14 different products (seven private label and seven national brand products) whose price levels were changed while their facial electromyography (EMG) and electrodermal activity were recorded. The results suggest that low prices and national brand products induce higher positive emotions indexed with zygomatic EMG compared to high prices and private label products. Also, positive emotions are related to greater purchase intent. Naturally, a low price has also a direct positive influence on purchase intent. However, the involvement of emotions and the influence that price and brand have on elicitation of emotions may be one explanation for consumers' varying purchase behavior. The results highlight the importance of emotional factors in pricing research and support the usefulness of psychophysiological measures in the consumer research.


In random forest methodology, an overall prediction or estimate is made by aggregating predictions made by individual decision trees. Popular implementations of random forests rely on different methods for aggregating predictions. In this study, we provide an empirical analysis of the performance of aggregation approaches available for classification and regression problems. We show that while the choice of aggregation scheme usually has little impact in regression, it can have a profound effect on probability estimation in classification problems. Our study illustrates the causes of calibration issues that arise from two popular aggregation approaches and highlights the important role that terminal nodesize plays in the aggregation of tree predictions. We show that optimal choices for random forest tuning parameters depend heavily on the manner in which tree predictions are aggregated.


Complex eigenvalue problems of plasmonic waveguide nanostructures are solved using FEM and MMP solvers. For improving MMP performance, new eigenvalue search functions are studied. Several plasmonic structures are analyzed and the field solvers are compared.


This study proposes a diversified portfolio construction method based on the tail dependence between the financial assets and adopting both market prior information and the exports' subject views. In this paper, tail‐dependence clustering was applied to divide candidate assets into different groups according to their tail dependence during the crisis period and the ARMA‐GARCH vine copula‐opinion pooling approach was applied to select the minimum Conditional Value‐at‐Risk portfolio according to the clustering results. The daily closed prices of the components of DAX 20 from 3 January 2006 to 20 December 2014 were studied to illustrate the methodology. The results reveal that more than 90% of 450 possible portfolios are modelled by D‐vine structure and Student's t‐copula dominates almost all the cases for pair copula selection. As Student's t‐copula captures the symmetric tail dependence, the 450 possible portfolios do not show stronger lower tail dependence than upper tail dependence. This study contributes by combining cluster analysis with portfolios selection. It uses vine copula to capture the dependence structure among assets. Finally, it offers a flexible method to describe market and offers a strategy to construct diversified portfolios by adding the investors' information into portfolio selection procedure at the 1‐day forecast horizon.


Academic education services entered Romanians habits more than a century and a half ago, at the beginning as a need for professional development mostly. Paradigm shift from the traditional perspective on education to the knowledge society perspective requires the increasing competitiveness of higher education systems. From this perspective, universities should collaborate frequently with other research institutions, private companies and public institutions, and participate in international research networks, to produce the optics change regarding the protection of educational services consumers: the next generation of students. To determine the above-mentioned change the authors developed and executed the pilot survey, which granted the possibility of testing the set of questionnaires and the relevance of questions. The survey was a random one; most of the responses are complying with the actual configuration in economic higher education institutions. The research objective "Investigation of student opinion of the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies on changes recorded in the Romanian higher education" consists in the development of an accurate picture of the changes that occurred and are occurring in our education system. The originality of the paper resides in the feasibility of implementing the research results reflecting changes that require an appropriate management allowing institution and its members to accomplish the implementation of changes required by Bologna process in the interests of its main beneficiaries: the students.


Significance: This work provides a striking example of the extent that ligand variation can impart divergent reactivity pathways by steric and electronic effects, with the congested metal center of the trialkylphosphine ligand in conditions A favoring reductive elimination over alkylation, and the greater electron density of the NHC ligand 1 in conditions B promoting the alkylation pathway. These two pathways permit the rapid assembly of very differently functionalized indole and benzofuran cores. In the formation of the spirofused benzocyclobutane A, the steric environment of the catalyst drives β-carbon elimination and aryl migration. For pathway B, the alkylation proceeds through a C–H activation/alkylation pathway, followed by an interesting aryne migration. Comment: Detailed computational studies to support the proposed mechanism were carried out. This work is consistent with the divergent reaction pathways, and also suggests that alkylation in pathway B proceeds through a direct attack at the ipso carbon rather than through a more typical oxidative addition–reductive elimination sequence. X I


The SCUBA submillimetre camera has opened up new possibilities for tracing the evolution of active star formation in dusty galaxies to high redshift, with profound implications for our understanding of the star formation history of the Universe and the contribution from galaxies to the anisotropy of the microwave sky. We review results from several submillimetre surveys started during SCUBA's first year of operation, and discuss their future development, together with other projects that will greatly improve our understanding of the extragalactic point source contribution to the submillimetre sky in the era of MAP and Planck.


In recent years,the higher vocational colleges in China are characterized by the gradually improvement in allocation of financial resources,human resources and material resources,there still exists some problems such as the growth rate of per student education expenditures uneven ups and downs,the student-teacher ratio in some provinces do not reach the standard stipulated by the ministry of education,the growth of the ratio of the double-qualified teachers slow down.In order to solve these problems,it is necessary to take countermeasures such as to ensure that the per student education funding grows steadily and effectively monitor,forming a reasonable student-teacher ratio according to the local conditions and established policies,strengthen the introduction and accreditation mechanism to change the structure of the ratio of double-qualified teachers.


In a comparison between the results of determination by ultrasound and with the optical method, no significant difference was present with respect to the depth of the anterior chamber in the women, whereas the difference was significant in the men. It can be recalled that the velocity of ultrasound in the cornea was approximated to 1532 m/sec, i.e., equal to that in the aqueous (see p. 29). Although this approximation has a negligible effect on the individual value, it gives too low a mean value in a large series. If the velocity in the cornea is actually 1575-1600 m/sec-values recorded by Oksala & Lehtinen (1958 b) and Yamamoto et al. in animal experiments -the mean value for the depth of the anterior chamber in the ultrasound series will be 0.02 mm greater. After this correction, there is only an almost significant difference in the men, and still no significant difference in the women, i.e.,


The study evaluated the water qualities of Ntawogba creek by utilizing the benthic macroinvertebrates diversity as well as physical-chemical parameters data, to give us an indication of the biochemical condition and health of the river. The research was carried out for twelve (12) months, firstly by establishing three (3) main sampling stations and their co-ordinates along the stretch of the creek based on ecological niche of the stream and human activities on the study area. The physical-chemical parameters measured and analysed include, Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand, according to APHA 1998 standard methods. Sediment particle size was determined by hydrometer method. Replicate samples of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from each station randomly with Eckmann's grab. The results of the physical-chemical data were subjected to 2-way analysis of variance and differences among means where separated by Turkey-Honest significant difference at 95% probability. Percentage occurrence and relative numerical abundance of macroinvertebrates were calculated using excel descriptive statistical tool. Diversity of the benthos was determined using Shannon Wiener index hequitability of species. The results showed that pH values ranged from mild acidic to alkalinity (6.42 to 7.63). The values of turbidity, TDS, BOD and DO exceeded limits of World Health Organization in most of the sampling stations. The sediment particles of the stream were significantly dominated by sand fractions with the highest mean recorded in station three (74.08±0.71). The total number of benthic macroinvertebrates individuals in the sampled stations was 28,730 and total number of species was 40. The diversity, taxa richness and evenness recorded at station one were 0.823, 1.934 and 0.683, while station two had 0.605, 1.163 and 0.605 and station three had 0.301, 3.085 and 0.206. The results show that the human activities grossly polluted the stream, and constant monitoring is required to safeguard the waterbody and aquatic ecosystem in the study area.


Denial by an organisation to improve its processes can cause nonconformities and defects. This paper, as a critical component of an ongoing research for military aviation organisations, proposes a quality improvement method for the reduction of variability that exists in safety processes and other organisational issues of a system that has an impact on human factors performance. The overall thesis requirement is a revised, more comprehensive military pilot's error framework. The intent is to start to bridge and compare existent Flight Safety programmes among NATO/EU Air Forces and show how a tailored Safety Management System can be realised. This paper's outcome documents meaningful recommendations for military operators to further improve flight safety in combat training, by equipping them with a standard template for measuring their pilots' safety performance and their progress towards performance excellence. However, the methodology is based on a hypothetical but also "reasonable" example.


In another paper (Grosz, 1968) I reported that among 267 depressive patients from three sibling families admitted to the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, London, the middle born were significantly (p·001) over-represented and the youngest born under-represented among patients with two differently sexed siblings. There was no significant birth order effect among depressive patients with two same-sexed sibs (i.e. with either two brothers or two sisters).


FIELD: manufacture of cathodes for metal-air current supplies. SUBSTANCE: gas-diffusion electrode has carbon-graphite current lead and active layer: current lead is made of graphitized fiber materials produced by pyrolysis of cellulose hydrate at 220-2400 C and having surface density of 0.15-1.0 kg/sq.m at linear density of threads 0.04-0.2 g/m. EFFECT: improved design. 2 cl


Sense Making has become the strategic fuel for meaningful Change Making in organizations today. 1 When designers enter into and facilitate large interdisciplinary teams it changes the role of the designer from being characterised by aesthetic professionalism to thinking strategically and facilitating processes in a methodical and systematic manner. The user centred framing of designers, their imaginative capabilities and their expressive skills enable them to span complex boundaries within and across multidisciplinary teams. The aim of the present paper is to outline that designer's methods and visual skills can be the link between mental models and languages that occur in interdisciplinary teams. The designer's methods such as visualization and prototyping as well as their Sensemaking methods 2 can strengthen a team's chance to imagine future scenarios and their implications. It provides a common ground for discussing and reflecting on choices made. The article describes two different cases in which the visual methods of designers made Sensemaking possible in the organisation. The methods used are elements within the design process: visual sensemaking, user observations, interviews, sketching, idea generation, conceptualizing, prototyping, visual representation and evaluation.


The exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb lattice model is realized as the low energy effect Hamiltonian of a spin-1/2 model with spin rotation and time-reversal symmetry. The mapping to low energy effective Hamiltonian is exact, without truncation errors in traditional perturbation series expansions. This model consists of a honeycomb lattice of clusters of four spin-1/2 moments, and contains short-range interactions up to six-spin(or eight-spin) terms. The spin in the Kitaev model is represented not as these spin-1/2 moments, but as pseudo-spin of the two-dimensional spin singlet sector of the four antiferromagnetically coupled spin-1/2 moments within each cluster. Spin correlations in the Kitaev model are mapped to dimer correlations or spin-chirality correlations in this model. This exact construction is quite general and can be used to make other interesting spin-1/2 models from spin rotation invariant Hamiltonians. We discuss two possible routes to generate the high order spin interactions from more natural couplings, which involves perturbative expansions thus breaks the exact mapping, although in a controlled manner.


Wireless rechargeable sensor network includes three parts: data center DC, sensor and mobile charger MC. The work of sensor requires battery to provide energy. Based on this, this paper focuses on how to design a reasonable charging circuit for a single mobile charger starting from the data center, and the minimum capacity of the battery to ensure the normal operation of each sensor, and thus expand to multiple mobile chargers. In the case of a mobile charger, in order to minimize the energy consumption of the mobile charger on the road, the driving distance of the mobile charger should be minimized. The paper use the earth's radius and longitude and latitude of each sensor can calculate the distance between each sensor, thus the problem can be converted to a given weighted network diagram to find starting from the data center will all vertices in the network graph traversal only again back to the data center makes the problem of shortest distance, the simulation using the simulated annealing algorithm, thus it is concluded that the optimum route scheme. And then normal operation of the system need to make sure that the process of finish a lap mobile charger after the sensor has not less than the minimum battery capacity as the constraint condition, the multi-objective problem to single objective problem, the simplified calculation is further transformed into linear programming problems, setting up reasonable charging rate r, movement speed v, battery capacity low f, sensor is obtained by solving our minimum battery capacity.


The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of democracy. Its various types and evaluations are considered. The main question that the author asks is whether democracy ensures the rule of the "best." Such a formulation of the question is due to the fact that from the moment of its inception to the present, the idea of democracy has been associated with the hope for a "better" state administration, for the "best" representatives of society to come to power. At the same time, democracy is criticized for the lack of aristocracy, professionalism and efficiency of decisions made. An analysis is made of the proposals of various researchers on the introduction of legal levers to increase the level of aristocracy in a democratic government, including initiatives to introduce educational or property qualifications in elections, quotas for intellectual professions in parliament, professional representation, etc. The legal practice of some countries on the use of legal techniques to enhance the elitism of representation in parliaments (electoral colleges, partial appointment of members of the upper houses of parliaments, provision of additional votes in elections to certain categories of citizens) is considered. However, the conclusion is made about the inappropriateness of such novels; the opinion is motivated about the exceptional value of the openness of the democratic system, its ability to provide a potential opportunity for every citizen to participate in political decision-making. The subjectivity of the additional requirements for the elective body proposed for implementation is noted: they conflict with the idea of human dignity, which is the main achievement in the development of world history. It is suggested that socioprofessional representation, although it is able to increase the number of channels for interaction between the state and civil society, still carries the danger of excessive pressure from corporations on its members, and can lead to excessive classness in society. Special attention is paid to the modern interpretation of popular sovereignty as a legal phenomenon that manifests itself in the course of a complex discourse, the process of finding a compromise. In this regard, hopes are pinned on minimizing the risks of "not the best" people coming to power democratically and implementing their "not the best" policy on the system of separation of powers, on the "discourse" of these authorities. The idea of foreign authors about the possibility of democracy to "defend", including from unreasonable restrictions on the electoral right (the concept of "militant democracy") is supported.


A method to determine a distribution profile of an element in a film. The method comprises exciting an electron energy of an element deposited in a first film, obtaining a first spectrum associating with the electron energy, and removing a background spectrum from the first spectrum. Removing the background value generates a processed spectrum. The method further includes matching the processed spectrum to a simulated spectrum with a known simulated distribution profile for the element in a film comparable to the first film. A distribution profile is obtained for the element in the first film based on the matching of the processed spectrum to a simulated spectrum selected from the set of simulated spectra.


Wearable technologies and appliances are making inroads into a variety of consumer and commercial applications, including leisure and entertainment, health care, and gaming. A natural evolution of the technology is in academe where faculty and students have begun exploring the possibilities of the technology in a variety of settings, most visibly in libraries where the process of seeking information using such devices holds significant promise. This chapter provides an inventory of the state of wearable technology, its challenges, its possibilities, and how it might be used in academe, including a study regarding the ability to access common library indexes using two wearable appliances: Google Glass and a smart watch.


Genetic diversity, fertility status and distribution of the mating type alleles of Gibberella moniliformis and G. intermedia from corn and rice were studied. One hundred and twenty one isolates of these fungi were collected from rice growing areas of Guilan and Mazandaran provinces, and from various corn growing areas of Iran. 46 isolates of G. moniliformis and G. intermedia from rice and corn were studied by RAPD-PCR using four random primers. The isolates of G. moniliformis were separated from the isolates of G. intermedia on the basis of their hosts. Furthermore, fertility status of G. intermedia from corn and rice, and of G. moniliformis from rice were surveyed using standard tester isolates. A multiplex PCR technique was used to distinguish and amplify the fragments of the MAT-1 and MAT-2. The results of the field isolates with opposite mating types that were crossed each other showed that all of the isolates were male fertile. In spite of the existence of the MAT-1 and MAT-2 in populations of both fungi, the sexual reproduction did not occur among field isolates. Considering male fertile of the above mentioned isolates, genetic diversity resulted from the RAPDPCR cannot necessarily show the occurrence of the sexual reproduction.


Exploiting an exogenous shock to short selling costs brought by the RegSHO, we find that short seller monitoring restrains real earnings management (REM). The effect is concentrated in firms facing a lower cost of REM than accruals management. Litigation risk and reduced CEO wealth gain from REM are two plausible channels through which short seller monitoring deters REM. Lastly, we find that short interests on stocks of treated firms increase after the announcement of the RegSHO relative to that on stocks of control firms, and the increase is concentrated in the subsample of treated firms with signs of REM.


This present article refers to relevants aspects in relation to the law's reform of the brazilian's corporations. It concerns the Anti-project of the law presented to the public audience by the CVM, Comissao de Valores Mobiliarios, a federal department that controls and supervises the companies, created in Brazil on the basis of the north-american SEC, Security Exchange Commission. The purpose is to adapt Law # 6.404, dated december 1976 and current for fifteen years, to the new realities of the country, through the aforementioned Anti-project. The text of the article is, thus, strikingly informative, purposefully advertising the intended reform.


matically on paper in return for the dullness of vague ideas, shadows of feelings, and well-organized trivia. Instead of living in writing and instead of seeing linguistic acts as forms of life, student writers look upon writing as mere expression. When students express themselves on paper and when they read what they wrote, along with the writing teacher's comment, "Your ideas are fine, but you express them poorly," student writers wonder whether writing is worth the paper it is written on. Coached in the gimmicks of organized expression and bribed by the letter grade, even better student writers live in a frozen style comparable to a Nixon charm-a charm that ends very close to its beginning. The kind of writing Ken Macrorie called "Engfish" and the English teacher's belief that to write some-


The invention relates to a vehicle body center module (1), comprising a base plate (3) having two recessed portions (7.1, 7.2) for receiving a driver's seat and a passenger seat, which recessed portions extend in parallel to the longitudinal axis (9) of the vehicle body central module (1), and an elevated portion (11) which extends between the recessed portions (7.1, 7.2). From the elevated portion (11) between the recessed portions (7.1, 7.2) two supports (5) extend upwards in a V-shape, each support (5) ending in a roof rail (23) which extends in parallel to the longitudinal axis (9) of the vehicle body central module (1).


THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY STUDIES USING SOME OF THE VARIOUS CHEMICAL CORROSIVE ADMIXTURES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THEIR ACTION ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTAR MIXES ARE PRESENTED. THE COMPRESSION AND SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH TESTS AS WELL AS THE WORKABILITY OF THESE MIXES WERE USED TO DETERMINE THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL ADDITIVES ON THE CEMENT MORTAR MIXES. THE ABILITY OF THESE CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES TO PREVENT CORROSION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE WAS INVESTIGATED BY 2 METHODS: ANODIC POLARIZATION AND VISUAL TESTS. IN THESE TESTS, SMALL REINFORCING BARS WERE EMBEDDED IN CEMENT MORTAR AND EXAMINED AT A LATER DATE. CALCIUM CHLORIDE WAS ADDED IN VARYING AMOUNTS ALONG WITH RUST INHIBITORS TO OBSERVE THEIR EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL AND CORROSIVE PROTECTION PROPERTIES. /AUTHOR/


In the modern digital cinema production, extremely large volumes (in order of 10s of TB) of footage data are captured every day. The process of cataloging and reviewing such footage is nowadays largely manual and time consuming process. In our work, we aim at technical quality aspects, such as correct exposure, color compatibility of adjacent shots, and focusing. The main goal is to assist the reviewing process by providing shot quality meta-data and possibly ordering or even culling significant portion of the data from the review, as better quality shot of the same scene exists. However, in order to meaningfully compare technical quality, temporal shot synchronization needs to be performed first. We propose a fast and robust method for time synchronization of video sequences, capturing similar scenes, which arise naturally in digital cinema production. The method is tested on an extensive library of sequences and its performance is evaluated. We further present a preview of application of the proposed method to detecting focusing errors.


Presents data from two surveys and arguments in favour of a restructuring of the police service in general and police training in particular. Its main contestation is that to keep up with an everchanging world, the police has to become more versatile itself, without losing sight of its core functions: protection and security provision. These objectives can only be achieved by a police force that cooperates intensively with the people, i.e. relies on a community oriented approach to policing, and one whose members have been provided throughout their training with problemsolving skills and techniques and have developed a high degree of selfmotivation. The article suggests that in the current social and economic climate there is an urgent need for such reforms and that they can best be achieved through international cooperation. In a world of rapid social change no important actor can escape the need for reform, least of all institutions like the police which are in constant interaction with society. It therefore seems logical that any reform should take the direction of opening the police towards the community and enable it to react more flexibly to future change. Community Policing is a relatively young strategy that is used to tackle the manifold new problems that today's police forces are faced with. To consider the validity of this new approach to policing it is important at first to assess the evolution of postmodern society, the changing nature of crime in this society and to what extent current police structures are limited in their reaction to this crime. It is then possible to evaluate consequences for police management structures and develop a new model for police training and even police philosophy. The aim of this essay is to show the relevance of the idea of community policing and its implications for the training of police officers. The Police Community oriented policing and community oriented (decentralized) government services seem to be a promising strategy to address the rapidly shifting needs of contemporary societies where traditional forms of police work increasingly fail to live up to their task. This is true not only for Germany, but for all democratic countries. Over the last few years a radical reappraisal of policing philosophy and the role of the police has therefore taken place in these countries. Drives for greater efficiency, ideas like New Public Management and changes in workplace philosophy forced the police to revise the old-fashioned militaristic approach to policing. A community oriented strategy broadens the definition of the police as an agency and of its functions. This approach includes order maintenance, conflict resolution, problem solving and provision of services as well as other activities. The police does not, indeed cannot effectively control crime or criminal structures and situations. Prevention through repression is rather ineffective. As a result, forces have begun to devise plans to evaluate police performance through local crime surveys and through police activity surveys with the view of improving quality of policing at local level. Decentralized budgeting and new workplace philosophies in public administration turned the spotlight onto two of the most severe problems the police has: MONEY AND MEMBERS. Money is never enough, and members (i.e.police officers) are getting more and more frustrated, frequently experience harassment by their peers and/or superiors and in consequence retire early. However, it is the employees that are at the core of any servicebased institution: they produce, perform and communicate with customers, and hence can make or break a "company's" image. Furthermore, members and money are inextricably intertwined: an institution, which uses about 70% of its budget for salaries and employs public servants, i.e. people who cannot be fired except in very rare cases, is inflexible and unable to survive under the pressures of a modern economy. This is the current situation in Germany as well as in virtually all other European countries. Police officers frequently experience dissatisfaction with their work, which they perceive as not very effective or efficient, highly wasteful and bureaucratic (Loveday, 1999). This feeling is often shared by politicians, resulting in mistrust and a steady call for more and closer regulation of the police. The reason for this is not so much fear of abuse of police powers as lack of knowledge about police activities. By contrast, the general public actually has a much better opinion of the police than the police itself assumes. In Germany, the police regularly comes out on top of public rankings. Thus a survey conducted by EMNID and the magazine "Der Spiegel" in late 1997 found that more than 50% of respondents regarded the police (rather than schools, politicians, the church or the family) as bearer of values. Surveys about this topic usually reveal a high degree of satisfaction with the police service. Another example of this is the Shell Report (Germany) from 1997, which examined young people's attitudes towards authorities. The police came in joint 4 out of 11, a ranking that places it ahead of political parties and the church, and behind only those institutions that are traditionally popular with young people, such as environmental, Human Rights and other pressure groups. Figure 1: Who should teach values in our society (Germany)? (EMNID 1997)


Objective To observe the ultrastructure of dimorphic Penicillium marneffeiisolates from wild bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus) in Guangxi region as well as from a patient with penieilliosis marneffei,and to compare their biological characteristics and anti-oxidative mechanisms.Methods Two Penicillium marneffei strains,including one isolated from wild bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus) in Guangxi region and one from a patient with penicilliosis marneffei,were cultured with or without the presence of 2.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 ℃ and in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37℃ for seven days.The shape of colony and growth of both strains were observed.Light microscopy was carried out to study the morphology,and transmission electron microscopy to observe the ultrastructure,of both isolates.Results Ater incubation with hydrogen peroxide,there was a slowdown in the growth of both Penicillium marneffei isolates at both mycelial phase and yeast phase,with an increase in the production of pigment at mycelial phase at 25℃.No obvious changes were observed at 37 ℃ in the morphology of either the clinical isolate or the bamboo rat isolate when cultured with hydrogen peroxide compared with those cultured without hydrogen peroxide.Light microscopy showed attenuated spore formation by the clinical isolate when cultured at 25 ℃ with hydrogen peroxide,crenation of both isolates when cultured at 37 ℃ with hydrogen peroxide.Under a transmission electron microscope,the mycelial cells of both isolates exhibited smooth cell walls,intact cell membranes,with nuclei,mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum,lipid body,vacuoles of various sizes in the cytoplasm at 25 ℃,and even microbodies at 37 ℃,when cultured without the presence of hydrogen peroxide.After incubation with hydrogen peroxide,the cell wall of both isolates became incomplete with defects in some areas and uneven thickness,the cell membrane discontinuous with shrinkages and projections,and the cytoplasm was inhomogeneous with obvious phagocytosis and numerous phagocytic vacuoles.Conclusions The clinical and bamboo rat isolates of Penicillium marneffei experience different biological and morphological changes under oxidative stress,hinting differences in antioxidative mechanism between them.

Key words:
Penicillium marneffei; Oxidative stress; Microscopy,electron,transmission; Guangxi


A LTHOUGH Palestine never occupied a commanding position in Italian diplomacy, the political settlement of the Holy Land became one of the foci of interest in the ministry of foreign affairs during the last two years of World War I and at the Paris Peace Conference. The problem was exploited as part of a broad-gauged offensive whose goal was the achievement of "equilibrium in the eastern Mediterranean," Italy's diplomatic expression for her designs on a substantial portion at the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the great loot of the war. For entrance into battle on the side of the Entente, Italy had been promised compensation in general terms in the Treaty of London (April 1915), where the principle of fair shares among the Allies in the dismemberment of Turkey had been asserted. But once she had cast her lot with them, England and France proceeded to allocate to each other great chunks of Turkey's Asiatic provinces in the secret Sykes-Picot agreement of May 1916, without Italy's knowledge. Upon the discovery of the faithlessness of her allies later that year, Italy initiated a campaign to force embodiment of the fundamentals of the Treaty of London in a territorial redistribution of the Ottoman Empire. Though the main effort of the Italians was concentrated upon the definition of a zone of influence in Anatolia, equal participation in the government of an internationalized Palestine was an important subsidiary demand. Originally, in the Sykes-Picot agreement, Palestine west of the Jordan and exclusive of Haifa and Acre had been designated as the "brown zone," and provision had been made for its international administration under a system to be agreed upon at a later date by France and England after consultation with Russia, the Sherif of Mecca, and "other allies." This formula, which had not even deigned to mention the great Catholic power, Italy, by name as a participant in the future political settlement of the Holy Land, was surely an oversight-this was the interpretation which the humiliated Italian government preferred to place on the omission when the text of the secret agreements became known to the ministry of foreign affairs. In a memorandum of October 22, 1916, the minister, Baron Sonnino, wrote to his ambassador in London, Marquis Imperiali, that he was confident the Allies would consent to a revi'This paper is based on documents in the Archivio Storico of the Italian Ministero degli Affari Esteri. Most of the subject classifications cited are inventoried under the period 1914-18 and comprise items originally in the minister's files. Subjects inventoried under the Conferencia della Pace are so designated. For access to the archives on Palestine I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Mario Toscano, whose works, Il patio di Londra (2d ed.; Bologna, 1934), and Gli accordi di San Giovanni di Moriana (Milan, 1936), written before Italian archival materials were available, are exhaustive treatments of the secret pacts. The Palestine problem is hardly referred to in works on Italian diplomacy: Rene ALBRECHTCARRIE, Italy at the Paris Peace Conference (New York, 1938); Muriel Innes CURREY, Italian foreign policy 1918-1932, with preface by L. VILLARI (London, 1932); Maxwell Henry Hayes MACARTNEY and Paul CREMONA, Italy's foreign and colonial policy, 1914-1937 (London, 1938).


We present results from a numerical study of surface-directed spinodal decomposition in a binary fluid mixture, for critical and various off-critical concentrations. We explicitly add a long-range surface interaction term to the bulk free-energy functional leading to preferential attraction of one of the components of the fluid mixture to a solid surface. We also consider hydrodynamic interactions in these model calculations. Results of the wetting layer thickness and the domain size as a function of time and the scaling behavior of the density profile perpendicular to the surface are presented in the fluid inertia controlled regime.


two sections, texts and modern writers. Apart from Bauer's book (see above), the only other rather surprising omission would seem to be Ortiz de Urbina's ' Le origini del cristianesimo in Edessa', Oregorianum, xv, 1934, 82-91. (The reference to the same writer's Patrologia syriaca should be to the second edition, 1965.) Besides a frontispiece, there are 44 splendid plates, three of which are in colour. These include views of the modern town, some of the mosaics, and various monuments and inscriptions. There is also a good index. The book has one exceedingly tiresome feature : references to ancient sources, with only a very few exceptions, are left in the vaguest of terms, such as ' a document from Edessa dated A.D. 243 ' (p. 9 ; elucidated, however, on p. 22), ' Tacitus writes ' (p. 12, n. 1), ' a historian ' 2 (p. 114), ' a chronicler ' (p. 183), ' a Byzantine source ' (p. 217). How annoying this is need not be stressed when it is remembered how scattered and, for the most part, badly indexed, the sources are. On some points of detail : p. 2, n. 2 : the passage referred to, from Jacob of Edessa (= Hexaemeron, (ed. ChabotVaschalde), 70-1 (text), 56 (tr.)), is derived from Ps. Berossus, and so it is unlikely that the ' Chaldaeans' mentioned there will be the pagans of Harran. p. 4 f. : various other suggestions for the identity of Urfa-Edessa in cuneiform sources might be mentioned, e.g. Herzfeld, The Persian Empire, 1968, 104. p. 5 f. : the Seleucid refoundation of the city is treated only in very general terms. It might be worth mentioning that, while, according to Tcherikover's standard work on the subject (Die hellenistischen Stddtegrundungen) Edessa/ Antiochia on Callirhoe was a foundation only of Antiochus IV, Merkholm has recently upheld the traditional ascription (in Malalas and in Syriac sources) of the refoundation to Seleucus I in his Antiochus IV, 1966, 116 f. (M0rkholm also has some interesting remarks on Edessa's coinage under Antiochus IV in Congresso internaz. numismatica, Rome, 1965, n, 65). p. 48 : for the special costumes for different planets at Harran, compare Ahiqar (ed. Harris and others, second ed.), pp. 117-19 (tr.), and *59-*60 (text). p. 65, n. 3 : the ' Acts of St. Mari' are described as ' a farrago of legend '. While this is undoubtedly true for this particular work, Fiey has recently shown that some of the topographical details in certain other texts concerning Mari's arrival at Seleucia are genuinely old, and belong to a period between 2 Apparently Michael the Syrian (ed. Chabot), II, 402-3,411 (tr.). An interesting and rather different account is found in the Melkite writer Agapius of Mabbug (PO, vm, 3, 458-60). A.D. 79 and 116 (' Topographie chretienne de Mahoze ', L'Orient Syrien, xn, 1967, 397-420, and ' Topography of al-Mada'in', Sumer, xxni, 1-2, 1967, 3-36). p. 183, n. 4 : Segal argues for a date in the middle of the fifth century for Etheria's visit to Edessa. A growing consensus of opinion, however, would now place it right at the end of the fourth century. p. 190, etc. : the church of St. John the Baptist appears to have been transferred from the Jacobites to the Melkites in the sixth century : see the appendix to Nau's edition of John of Maiuma's Plerophories (PO, vm, 1, 157-8). This renders dubious the suggestion (p. 190, n. 2) that the two lists of Edessa's churches in the chronicle ad annum 1234 (i, 180 f., and 182 f.) are respectively Monophysite and Melkite, since that of John the Baptist is included in the former (supposedly Monophysite) list. Furthermore the St. Theodore of the second list would seem to be the later Jacobite cathedral : the St. Theodore of the first list is located on the citadel, hardly a likely site for the Jacobite cathedral at that time. A work of this kind almost inevitably lays itself open to criticism from one quarter or another, and if the more specialized reader may occasionally feel a little disappointed at the treatment of certain topics, this simply throws up the fact that a lot of detailed work still needs to be done on the primary sources and their evaluation, and obviously the present book is not the place for such studies. Professor Segal has, in fact, done a real service in presenting, in such delightful and eminently readable form, the history and life of one of the most important and fascinating centres of Eastern Christendom to the wider public that the subject deserves.


Tusan, Michelle Elizabeth. Women Making News: Gender and Journalism in Modern Britain. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2005. 306 pp. $45. Historians interested in the early women's movement in Great Britain have often looked to newspaper content as a means to understand how certain campaigns were developed and the personalities behind them. Sylvia Pankhurst and her journalistic enterprises, for example, have been favorite topics for explaining the origins of women's political activism. Publications such as the English Woman's Journal and Votes for Women have been examined for the ways they redefined the boundaries of debate surrounding issues such as war, politics, employment, and women's "proper" place in society. Michclle Tusan provides a bigger-picture view with this outstanding examination of women's political press in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Great Britain. An assistant professor of history at University of Nevada-Las Vegas, she argues that these early advocacy journals were the genesis for a modern women's movement, by introducing, developing, and prioritizing topics that were of concern to women. From the beginning of the women's political press in the mid-1800s to its decline (but not disappearance) in the 1930s, women published about 150 periodicals aimed at engaging readers with the political system. Thus, British women articulated and advanced their interests in the pages of advocacy journals long before they gained the vote in 1928. Tusan has researched the content of more than 100 advocacy periodicals and yet, the mass media here are shown more as process than product, which is one of the many strengths of this book. Viewed as an institution, women's political press of the nineteenth century is linked to women's twentieth-century activism. As Tusan explains, the liberalization of press laws in mid-nineteenth century Britain helped to expand and diversify the mass media, providing women with opportunities to establish an independent press. In the new market-driven economy, women's advocacy journals offered a contrast to male-run women's magazines which stressed domesticity over political engagement, and to newspapers, which might feature a "woman's page" but remained strictly a male enterprise. In addition to constituting women as political subjects rather than as domestic ones, advocacy journals also manifested a new business model for press ownership and production. Women's associations asked their members to promote and contribute to the production of their journals. Furthermore, social reformers who possessed independent incomes, Lydia Becker for example, were able to launch papers that advanced their liberal agendas. …


Abstract : Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) films were synthesized and a method was developed to transfer the films from a Si to a Cu substrate. The diameters of the CNTs and the thickness of the films were 10-30 nm and 10-30 microns, respectively. LED packages made with VA-CNTs films were tested on an InGaN LED chip. The VA-CNTs film maintained a linear relationship of output light power without reaching saturation for the LED chip of 0.5 W InGaN. The VA-CNTs film greatly increased the input LED current, about more than 500 mA and 350 mA, respectively. A homogeneous distribution of multi-wall MWCNTs in a copper matrix was achieved by a novel processing approach based on the precursor method for synthesis of copper and acid-treated MWCNTs. Dispersion of the CNTs in Cu matrix is important and even determined nanocomposite material properties, such as to enhance the mechanical behavior and wear resistance of the Cu/CNTs. Successful functionalization of the nanotubes with mixture of acid solution may open new applications in composites field. Hardness and wear resistance of fabricated Cu/CNTs nanocomposites increased with increasing the mass fraction of CNTs.


Antigenic peptide loading of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules requires the exchange of the endogenous invariant chain fragment CLIP (class II associated Ii peptide) for peptides derived from antigenic proteins. This process is facilitated by the non‐classical MHC class II molecule HLA‐DM (DM) which catalyzes the removal of CLIP. Up to now it has been unclear whether DM releases self‐peptides other than CLIP and thereby modifies the peptide repertoire presented to T cells. Here we report that DM can release a variety of peptides from HLA‐DR molecules. DR molecules isolated from lymphoblastoid cell lines were found to carry a sizeable fraction of self‐peptides that are sensitive to the action of DM. The structural basis for this DM sensitivity was elucidated by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography and a novel mass spectrometry binding assay. The results demonstrate that the overall kinetic stability of a peptide bound to DR determines its sensitivity to removal by DM. We show that DM removes preferentially those peptides that contain at least one suboptimal side chain at one of their anchor positions or those that are shorter than 11 residues. These findings provide a rationale for the previously described ligand motifs and the minimal length requirements of naturally processed DR‐associated self‐peptides. Thus, in endosomal compartments, where peptide loading takes place, DM can function as a versatile peptide editor that selects for high‐stability MHC class II‐peptide complexes by kinetic proofreading before these complexes are presented to T cells.


of social negotiation situations. Others that come to mind include environmental negotiations, community disputes, family disputes, and on and on. I wonder how many of us really understood the generalizability of the Walton and McKersie framework beyond the labor-management relations realm when we first encountered this work? Our past narrowly focused interests on collective bargaining have been transformed to the much more broadly based study of negotiations in general. I find it quite comforting to find that the principles we have learned from Walton and McKersie apply not only to labor relations but to a wide variety of arenas. For example, the Walton and McKersie exposition of their model as applied to the Cuban missile crisis in the summer of 1962 was quite illuminating. It made me realize that the same theoretical framework could easily be applied to the negotiations over the release of American hostages in Lebanon, the current Israeli-Arab peace talks in the Middle East and, even with the negotiations surrounding the eventual release of Cardinal Joseph Mindszenty from the American embassy in Budapest (where he had taken refuge and lived for fifteen years) in 1971. '


The exhaust emission of diesel engines for HD MD vehicle has become the main controlled aim of reducing vehicle emissions. This paper introduces the technical measurements adopted for meeting EuroⅡexhaust emissions regulation. The effects of the key factors, such as supercharging with intercooler, injection pressure, fuel delivery rate, fuel injection timing, combustion system, oil consumption as well as the quality of the fuel, on the exhaust emissions have been discussed.


Compositional solution to the botanical gardens is determined three guiding principles: ecological, rational and decorative.
Ecological - recreation purposes to the maximum extent of characteristic ecological niches, thereby ensuring optimal development of imported plants.
Rational - is reflected in the creation of individual medical exposures or endangered species.
Decorative - based on basic compositional principles of horticultural art park - structure, proportionality, dynamism, unity and more.


The 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) was ratified by Sweden in 1990. It came into force the same year. Article 3 on the child's best interests and article 12 on the right of the child to be heard are two of the most important provisions of the CRC. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the relationship between the regulation in the Swedish Children and Parents Code (1949:381) concerning custody, residence and contact and article 3 on the child's best interests and article 12 on the right of the child to be heard in the CRC. Mainly the legislation concerning custody, residence and contact used in cases of separation has been investigated.

Article 3 and article 12 of the CRC do not contain any exceptions. Article 3 clearly states that the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all actions concerning children. The UNCRC does not define best interests, the concept must be determined on a case by case basis. Article 12 establishes that a child who is capable of forming his or her own views has the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. When determining the child's best interests, the views of the child must be considered.

The consideration of article 3 on the child's best interest in the Swedish legislation and in its legislative history is clearly noticeable. As an example, section 2 a, Chapter 6 of the Swedish Children and Parents Code states that the child's best interests shall be the primary consideration when decision on custody, residence and contact are to be taken. In the Swedish Children and Parents Code, the expressions "vilja" ("desire") and "installning" ("point of view") are used instead of the expression "views" used in the CRC. The Swedish expressions being used in the legislation are more definitive than the expression being used in the CRC. Using more definitive expressions in the legislation can result in weakening the child's right to be heard. The Swedish expression "asikter" ("views") should instead be used.

The child's right to express his or her views is also being limited in the Swedish legislation because of a prerequisite of inappropriateness. The person conducting an inquiry concerning custody, residence and contact, shall, if it is not inappropriate, seek to ascertain the point of view of the child. The prerequisite of inappropriateness cannot be found in the CRC. Furthermore article 12 of the CRC is not fully implemented in the Swedish legislation regarding solutions by compromise or interim judgments. It has also been found that children can be forced to contact against their will. A custodian can also prevent a child from expressing his or her views in an inquiry converning custody, residence and contact. This can be contradictory to article 3 and article 12 of the CRC.

In summary, the Swedish legislation being investigated, is not fully corresponding to article 3 and article 12 of the CRC. Especially the implementation of article 12 must be improved upon.


Solar array is the important part of the satellite's Electrical Power Supply, the failure of the solar array may lead to the loss of some or all of the satellite's functions, so fault location in time and solution strategy of solar array is particularly important. The thesis studied the on-orbit failure of GEO satellite's solar array, analyzed the fault location according to the related telemetry, and researched the solution of all kind of the faults. The thesis contributes to the satellite control center to locate faults in time and the satellite manufacture to improve the design of the solar array, it is helpful to improve the reliability and safety of the satellite's on-orbit running.


The Victorian Volcanic Plains (VVP) Bioregion is located in southwest Victoria, Australia, and is an extremely productive agricultural region. Details of the Victorian Volcanic Plains Tender (VVP Tender) project to protect and enhance remnant vegetation across the region are discussed.


Individual participant data (IPD) from completed oncology clinical trials are a valuable but rarely available source of information. A lack of minable survival distributions has made it difficult to identify factors determining the success and failure of clinical trials and improve trial design. We imputed survival IPD from ∼500 arms of phase III oncology trials (representing ∼220,000 events) and found that they are well fit by a two-parameter Weibull distribution. This makes it possible to use parametric statistics to substantially increase trial precision with small patient cohorts typical of phase I or II trials. For example, a 50-person trial parameterized using Weibull distributions is as precise as a 90-person trial evaluated using traditional statistics. Mining IPD also showed that frequent violations of the proportional hazards assumption, particularly in trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), arise from time-dependent therapeutic effects and hazard ratios. Thus, the duration of ICI trials has an underappreciated impact on the likelihood of their success.


Following our continued interest in the production of bioerodible and biodegradable functional polymers for biomedical applications, we synthesized and characterized new unsaturated polyesters. The presence of functional groups in the polymer backbone provided sites for chemical modification, and through a variation in the structure, the physical properties, such as the hydrophilicity and solubility, could be affected. With 1,1-di-n-butyl-stanna-2,7-dioxacyclo-4-heptene as the initiator in the ring-opening polymerization of polyesters, a new set of functionalized polyesters was created. The polymerization of e-caprolactone resulted in poly(∈-caprolactone) with a double bond incorporated into the structure. The polymers were obtained in a controlled manner with low molecular dispersities. The double bond was previously incorporated into L-lactide polymers, and the two reactions were compared in this study. The conversion of ∈-caprolactone, with a degree of polymerization of 50, was completed within 140 min, whereas for L-lactide, only a 45% conversion took place in the same period of time. The dispersities were somewhat higher with e-caprolactone because of the higher reaction rate and, therefore, lower selectivity. The incorporated C=C double bond in the polyesters provided a variety of opportunities for further modifications. In this case, the double bond of the L-lactide macromonomers was oxidized into epoxides. Epoxidation was carried out with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as a chemical reagent. The conversion of the double bonds into epoxides was completed, and the obtained yields were good (>95%). As a result of the mild reaction conditions, the epoxidation of the double bond was carried out quantitatively without any side reactions.


This paper proposes a pricing model for convertible bonds based on the Least-Square Monte Carlo simulation,which allows us to better capture the complexity of real-world convertible bond such as the characteristics of clause options of various embedded path-dependence trigger conditions.By using the convertible pricing model proposed,we calculate the theoretical prices of 11 convertible bonds in Shanghai and Shenzhen markets and comparing them with market prices.The results show that the average price error ratios of time series and cross-region are both lower than 4% in this model and that there is a high fitting degree between the model prices and market prices,which proves that the convertible bond pricing model proposed is practical and can provide theoretical support for actual investment decision.


Oilfield scale inhibitors have been used for many decades, mostly to fight carbonate and sulfate scaling. Many inhibitors are known, but only a few show good biodegradation to make them environmentally acceptable in areas with strict regulations, such as offshore Norway. Often high biodegradation is at the expense of other useful properties, such as thermal stability for high-temperature squeeze applications. We have now synthesized and investigated a new class of polycarbonate polymers with pendant anionic functional groups (carboxylate and phosphonate) as potential oilfield scale inhibitors. These polymers have a carbonate group in the backbone. Polymers with carboxylate and phosphonate side groups were prepared. We report here the scale inhibition performance of these polymers at 100 °C against both calcite and barite scaling at typical North Sea conditions in dynamic tube-blocking equipment, both before and after aging at 130 °C. The phosphonated copolymer gave very good performance against calcite sc...


A method of combining interactive molecular graphics with restrained least-squares refinement is described. This enables a researcher using the interactive computer graphics terminal to weight the shifts applied to the individual atoms in following cycles of refinement according to the confidence in their positions. The weights are incorporated into the least-squares procedure using the Marquardt factor which was originally introduced to handle the ill-conditioned case [Moss & Morffew (1982). Comput. Chem. 6, 1-3; Marquardt (1963). SIAM J. Appl. Math. 11, 431-441]. The described refinement strategy has been implemented at Birkbeck College, London, and, using avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) as test data, some refinements have been carried out. In order to compare the results of these refinements, histograms have been drawn that show the distribution of distances between the corresponding atoms in the different models. These histograms show that the model is improved by including the 'confidence' weighting. An improvement of 7.5% was achieved in the mean distance between the corresponding atoms in the fully refined model and a model resulting from four cycles of restrained least squares. When the 'confidence' weighting was included this improvement rose to 14-0%.


A traveling-wave amplifier in the terahertz range using two-dimensional electron gas is proposed and analyzed using quantum mechanics including electron scattering. It is shown theoretically that the terahertz amplification is possible with high net gain coefficient at the temperature of 100 K.


This paper evaluates alternative approaches to management of interstate water resources in the United States (U.S.), including interstate compacts, interstate associations, federal-state partnerships, and federal-interstate compacts. These governance structures provide alternatives to traditional federalism or U.S. Supreme Court litigation for addressing problems that transcend political boundaries and functional responsibilities. Interstate compacts can provide a forum for ongoing collaboration and are popular mechanisms for allocating water rights among the states. Federal-interstate compacts, such as the Delaware River Basin Compact and federal-state partnerships, such as the National Estuary Program, are also effective and complementary approaches to managing water resources. However, all of these approaches can only make modest improvements in managing water resources given the complicated and fragmented nature of our federalist system of government. (KEY TERMS: water resources management; water policy; planning; rivers ⁄ streams; Federalism; estuaries.) Mandarano, Lynn A., Jeffrey P. Featherstone, and Kurt Paulsen, 2008. Institutions for Interstate Water Resources Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 44(1):136-147. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00143.x


an example of an island that is "outward-looking" (167), sega, the musical heritage of former slaves, is today integrated into the global economy as part of an enticing tourist package to this region. the fact of the internal rivalries among the different ethnic communities who continue to wrestle with the legacies of both slavery and indentured labor does not impede the pride of place of cultural performance for incoming visitors. The final chapter, "Trouble in Paradise," nevertheless provides a sobering perspective on what might have otherwise read as an ode to "cultural métissage." Undoubtedly, this convergence of the many different ethnic groups and cultural and religious practices do offer a complex mosaic that yields a remarkable cultural output. Yet, as Hawkins makes clear, the issues stemming from nationalism, communalism, and parochialism also shape the political landscape of these islands in the Indian ocean such that they too are implicated in the larger questions of multiculturalism and ethnic integration that are today global concerns. The anglophone community will discover in The Other Hybrid Archipelago a welcome introductory work and an important resource for future scholarly endeavors.


In this work, a preliminary simulative comparison of two possible topologies for combining waste heat recovery and compartment refrigeration is carried out. The focus is on the energetic assessment using a detailed simulation model of a long-haul intercity bus. The first topology includes a conventional Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) that is integrated into the vehicle by directly coupling the expansion machine to the crankshaft. The applied working fluid is cyclopentane. For the means of compartment air conditioning in this configuration a R-717-refrigeration system is used, which has been derived from an R134a refrigeration system. The second topology uses the approach of an Organic Rankine Vapor Compression (ORVC) cycle, in which the refrigeration system and the waste heat recovery system share the same refrigerant and condenser. The used refrigerant here as well is ammonia (R-717). Expansion machine and compressor are both connected to the drive belt of the vehicle. In order to evaluate the fuel consumption reduction potential of these two topologies the intercity bus simulation model, equipped with the aforementioned R-717-refrigeration system, is used as a reference. The results show, that the ORC topology reduces fuel consumption by 3.7 % and the ORVC topology by 6.5 %. Hence, in this specific scenario, the ORVC topology outperforms the ORC topology.


The paper contains evaluation of influence of rapeseed oil and diesel fuel injection pressure on its spraying and combustion process in compression ignition engines. The analysis was made as two-stage examinations. In the first stage visualization examination effects of the injection pressure of fuels on the macroparameters of the streams of the sprayed fuels were examined. Having found during the visualization examinations a chance for a possible change in the quality of fuel spraying, "the engine response" to the suggested changes was tested during the engine examinations. The analysis of the obtained results was realized on the basis of a comparison between the toxic compounds and smoke concentration levels while fuelling the engine with bio-fuels. The obtained results were referred to the conventional fuel.