BACKGROUND
Recently published studies call into question the clinical utility of postoperative radiographs in the management of pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures. This topic has been addressed as part of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria, although recommendations regarding serial radiographs were not included as part of the discussion. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the recent literature regarding the utility of postoperative radiographs as part of the management of SCH fractures.

METHODS
A systematic review of the literature published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases to identify studies relevant to postoperative management of SCH. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, from which data pooled estimates and an analysis of heterogeneity were calculated.

RESULTS
The pooled estimate of changes in fracture management on the basis of postoperative radiographs was 1% (0.98±0.33). Significant interstudy heterogeneity was observed with an I test statistic of 76%. Changes in fracture management included prolonged immobilization following pin removal and return to the operating room.

CONCLUSIONS
There is a paucity of articles focusing on the utility or appropriate use of postoperative radiographs in changing management of SCH fractures, one of the most common upper extremity fractures in children. There is a very low rate of change in management on the basis of imaging, and frequently authors commented that the management change could have been prompted without routine serial radiographs. The cumulate findings of these studies suggest routine postoperative radiographs after SCH fractures are infrequently associated with changes in management. Practitioners should consider postoperative protocols with the intention of identifying early postoperative alignment loss or when the complication is suspected to prevent excessive routine radiography in the management of pediatric SCH fractures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III-systematic review of level III studies.


First hitting criteria of a system are to initially achieve some performance indeces of the target state set. This paper primarily investigates the optimal control problem of the uncertain second‐order circuit based on first hitting criteria. First, considering time efficiency and different from the ordinary expected utility criterion over an infinite time horizon, two first hitting criteria which are reliability index and reliable time criteria are innovatively proposed. Second, assuming the circuit output voltage as an uncertain variable when the historical data is lacking, we better model the real circuit system with the uncertain second‐order differential equation which is essentially the uncertain fractional‐order differential equation. Then, based on the first hitting time theorem of the uncertain fractional‐order differential equation, the distribution function of the first hitting time under the second‐order circuit system is proposed and the uncertain second‐order circuit optimal control model (reliability index and reliable time‐based model) is transformed into corresponding crisp optimal problem. Lastly, analytic expressions of the optimal control for the reliability index model are obtained. Meanwhile, sufficient condition and guidance for parameters for the optimal solution of the reliable time‐based model are derived, and corresponding numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the fluctuation of our optimal solution for different parameters.


Gracilaria chilensis sp.nov. is described and recorded from 30° S to 42° S on the coast of Chile. It closely resembles G. lemaneiformis (Bory) Weber-van Bosse, which also occurs in this region, and has been known by both this name and G. verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss. Gracilaria chilensis differs fundamentally from these species in having spermatangia in deep cortical (textorii-type) conceptacles and in having basal absorbing filaments in the cystocarp. Isolates of the species from sites 1300 km apart were cultured through the complete life history and used to verify conspecificity of reproductive plants in field collections. Moreover, the isolates were interfertile, thus demonstrating genetic compatibility of widely disjunct populations and verifying the distribution range. Because of its wide thermal and halotolerance, it is suggested that G. chilensis is distributed farther north and south in the eastern Pacific than present records indicate.


The conservation of forage crops by ensiling is accompanied by a multitude of microbiological and biochemical changes,and the effects of the various categories of silage additives,stimulants,inhibitors,aerobic deterioration inhibitors,nutrients and absorbents on these factors are discussed.It explains the principle of function,effect of addition and the factors of infection of all kinds of additives in the report.In the end,the present applying conditions are reviewed and put forward the direction of development of silage additives in the future.


In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, space division multiplexing and spatial modulation (SD-SM) transmissions have been proposed. And then, in the SD-SM-MIMO, the bit error rate (BER) performance is improved by using the channel ranking QR decomposition with M-algorithm maximum likelihood detection (CR-QRM-MLD) in spite of the small number of searches. Moreover, the non-null and null modulation are utilized for the SM transmissions independently. However, these combinations are not evaluated such as the amplitude shift keying (ASK). Also, phase rotation (PR) which is the effective in the MLD is not also evaluated. In this paper, we propose the PR and ASK combination for the SD-SM-MIMO.


he effect of CH2 = CH - CH2X (X=Cl,Br and I ) on polymerization activity and molecular weight of polymer has been studied in molybdenum catalyst system for 1,2-- polymerization of butadiene. The functions of CH2=CH -- CH2Br among three kind of allyl--halogen are the best for the catalytic activity and the regulation of molecular weight of 1, 2-- polybutadiene from Mn= 3. 5 × 105 to 17. 5×105. From the data obtained by 13C--nmr and UV spectra of CH2= CH -- CH2X and butadiene molecules as well as parameters of polymerization activity and kynetics it was propose that a frequency mechanismwhich was under the control of the molecular weight of polymer existed in the reactions between complexing reaction and discompleking reaction, i.e.


This study focuses on state–state relations for business, a phenomenon shaped by how local power elites (LPEs), in this case, in Malaysia, collaborate with transnational corporate elites (TCEs), in this case, from China, to implement infrastructure projects linked to the latter's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). These LPE-TCE links, which have led to the creation of novel forms of state–business relations (SBRs), offer interesting theoretical insights for SBR-related studies. This article builds on the conventional wisdom of homogenised SBRs as usually driven by bureaucrats by indicating that, in practice, state–business ties are extremely heterogeneous, with the capture of key institutions by influential LPEs. A conceptual framework explains theoretically how state–state relations, forged by two countries, both led by dominant parties that control their respective enterprises, have contributed to unique SBRs created to undertake BRI projects, driven by LPE-TCE links. Case studies of three BRI projects in Malaysia provide insights into how disparate forms of SBR-based institutional architecture function, not only at the federal level, but also in different states, involving enterprises from China. Diverse types of power relationships have emerged in these joint ventures, encompassing different LPEs, contributing to the creation of dissimilar SBRs. These LPEs have turned effective SBRs, fashioned to implement BRI projects, into economic endeavours that feature rent-seeking behaviour.


The Indian rivers have become polluted and unfit for many of their beneficial uses. The quality management programs could not be success for most Indian rivers, and the failure of the Ganga Action Plan is well documented. India has many special problems which adversely affect the various pollution control strategies. The author has carried out a genesis of all such problems and suggested a foolproof strategy which alone can restore the Indian rivers to their pristine pollution free quality status.


This is a study about how the increase of strength is changed when ground improvement material is mixed with either coastal clay or sandy soil. The ground improvement material was made from mixing a certain proportion of the slag which is by-products generated by smelting the iron ore and the paper fly ash which is formed by bumping up the paper. The ground improvement material was added to coastal soil and sandy soil each. And then according to ratio of water contents, number of curing days and ratio of mixture, specimen for uniaxial compression test was made. The change of uniaxial compression strength and the generated substances was analyzed while the specimen is being cured for 28days. The result of analysis shows that the strength of coastal clay was increased about eleven times more than that of sandy soil. This means that ettringite reaction by ground improvement material becomes more distinctive in the coastal clay than in the sandy soil.


Today's changing milieu, challenges organisations on a regular basis to make strategic changes that will keep them up to date with the transforming atmosphere. This is grounded in the belief that employee commitment can predict organisational and individual outcomes, such as employee turnover, performance, and intention to stay in or leave an organisation. This study argues there is a strong perception that the leadership style has an impact on the performance of the school. From these 13 high schools, 184 teaching staff were selected to participate. These high schools were not performing above the provincial benchmark and teaching staff were selected to participate in this study because teaching is a core duty in this enterprise. The participants were selected conveniently; however, the sample was chosen in such a way that more participants were selected from the schools that were not performing above the provincial benchmark. A multi-factor leadership questionnaire was adopted and used to judge the response of the teaching staff. Overall results show that both transformational and transactional leadership have positive relationships with the organisational commitment. Another important discovery is that transformational leadership is used more than transactional leadership. There were some limitations that contributed to the opposing results in the study. This means that management, by exception passive, is playing a weak role in organisational commitment. The elements of the transformational leadership have consistent averages in the contribution of organisational commitment. In this study, teachers' perceptions about their own organisational commitment levels, and about school principals' leadership styles are analysed. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p211


In this paper we discuss the DC readiness of a typical household appliance, the vacuum cleaner. Traditional vacuum cleaners which are connected to the AC single phase grid contain a brushed DC series motor. For a transition towards a DC grid, one would think that the DC series motor should operate directly from the DC grid. However there are two main problems, which are addressed in this paper, the inrush current and the turn-off of the current using a mechanical switch. A low cost design is proposed that can be applied to transform an AC brushed DC series motor into a DC-ready brushed DC series motor, by adding a power electronics current controller. A prototype was build and placed inside the housing of the vacuum cleaner to validate the design. Experimental tests prove the functionality of the circuit by evaluating the control of the motor current.


In order to get gradient composites with ideal structure,an innovative technique,namely centrifugal force-porous metal middle layer process, was developed. Some steps in the centrifugal casting process for fabricating Al-Fe in suit gradient composites,such as process and materials design,measurement of gradient structure, and result analysis, were studied in this work. The experimental results show that among four process parameters (centrifugal speed,thickness of porous metal middle layer,preheating temperature and metal temperature),the porous metal middle layer's effect is ranked second. It is therefore concluded that porous metal middle layer is one of the keys to getting gradient composites with ideal structure in this innovative process.


In the weeks leading up to the Canadian federal election, federal party leaders seek to appeal to a crucial part of the electorate - Québec voters, most of whom are of French-Canadian background - through a series of televised debates. As party leaders engage in discourse aimed at creating proximity with and enacting an affiliative stance toward these voters, the debates become a platform for discursive negotiation of Québec identity, in which identity stances and narratives are reflected, reproduced, and challenged. This study examines a corpus of party leaders' discourse as these political actors interactively negotiate Québec identity during three party leader debates in the 2019 federal election. Following the theoretical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, the inquiry discusses the following aspects of the party leaders' discourse: discursive representation of Quebecers' group identity and self-positioning with respect to that identity, use of symbolic lexis and references that signal attachment to the French-Canadian majority's collective memory, and self-positioning with respect to the French language. In addition, the discussion addresses implications of the bilingual nature of political discourse in the Canadian context, focusing on party leaders' use of code-switching and metapragmatic commentary. Crucially, the study's conclusions suggest that a shared vision of Québec identity has not yet been widely ratified. While the party leaders' discourse appears largely felicitous with the inclusive, civic vision of Québec identity, the study's findings point to continued primacy of the French-Canadian fact in its current conceptualization.


With the rapid development of electronic information technology and network technology, computer network remote technology has been widely used in people's life, work, and learning. Based on this, this paper briefly summarizes the computer network remote control technology, then discusses the principle and composition of the remote control technology, and finally focuses on the application of remote technology in computer networks.


Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907) was trained in law in the 1840s. Following fifteen years of administrative work and research on Russian legal history, he taught civil law at Moscow University. In the 1870s, Pobedonostsev severely criticized the Judicial Reform of 1864, which, ironically, he had helped to craft. As chief procurator of the Holy Synod from 1880 to 1905, he ranked as the senior lay official in the governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church. Pobedonostsev had little faith in law as a means of human progress. He regarded law mainly as an instrument of state power, necessary to contain the human proclivity toward evil. In his assessment of the Orthodox Church's contribution to Russian society, Pobedonostsev pinned his hopes on ordinary believers rather than the clergy, whom he generally distrusted. One of his main projects in his later years was a revised translation of the New Testament designed to integrate the Russian version more closely with the Church Slavonic text used in Orthodox religious services. In postcommunist Russia, there has been a surge of revisionist scholarship offering a more positive assessment of Pobedonostsev.


An accurate, sensitive and least time consuming reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic(RP-HPLC) method for theestimation of captoprilin thepresenceof non steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs in formulation and human serum has been developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was conducted on prepacked Purospher star C18 (5 m, 25 0.46 cm) column at room temperature using methanol:water (80:20 v/v) as a mobile phase, pH adjusted at 2.8 with o-phosphoric acid and at a flowrateof1.0 mLmin -1 ,whileUVdetection wasperformed at227 nm.Thelimitofdetection and quantification for captopril were 1 and 0.35 ng mL -1 , while that for (NSAID's) i.e. flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium and mefenamic acid LOD were 0.2, 1, 2 and 0.4 ng mL -1 respectively and LOQ were 0.9, 2.9, 8 and 1 ng mL -1 Analytical recovery was > 98.1%. The method used for the quantitative analysis of commonly administered non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) i.e. ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac sodium and mefenamic acid alone or in combination with captopril from API (active pharmaceutical ingredients), dosage formulations and in human serum. The established method is rapid (RT 98.1%), selective (no interference of excepients and other commonly used drugs and food) and sensitive (LOQ 3.5 ng mL -1 ) and reproducible (SD 0.003).


Considering the structural features of unmanned helicopters, the present paper designs a hierarchical inner-outer loop-based flight controller. The outer loop employs model predictive controller to track the reference trajectory, while the inner loop controller is designed by means of adaptive backstepping techniques that allow stabilization of the attitude. The obtained control method takes advantage of both controllers and it is simple and easy to implement in future real flight test. Finally, the computer simulations are conducted to illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed control method in the presence of disturbances and model errors.


This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the potential impact on the macrobenthos community in the marine waters of the Palk Strait, off Jaffna of the Sethusamudram ship canal project (SSCP), a mega-development project proposed by India. The specific objectives were to determine the abundance, distribution and diversity of benthic invertebrates in the area and to identify the relationships between their distribution and sediment characteristics. The study was carried out during the North East Monsoon in 2005, within the continental shelf of Sri Lanka at a depth of 5 - 40 m. A total of 18 randomly obtained benthic samples were analyzed in the course of the study. Macrobenthos were separated by wet sieving and identified up to the lowest possible taxonomic level. The diversity and evenness of macrobenthos were determined using Shannon-Wiener and Pielou's indices, respectively. The similarities among the macrobenthic communities at different sites were determined using Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient and ordinations of Non-parametric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The BIO-ENV function of the Primer 5 software package was used to relate the multivariate community structure to environmental variables and to determine which variables were most responsible for the inter-site variability of the benthic community. Thirty species of invertebrates consisting of 21 species of polychaetes, 2 species of gastropods, 5 species of crustaceans and 2 species of bivalves were recorded during the study. The major environmental factors that influenced the separation of the clusters in BrayCurtis similarity coefficient and ordinations of Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) appeared to be the depth of the water and proportion of gravel in the sediments.


one exception, very satisfactory. The patients were all females; their ages ranged from 44 to 79, 4 being over 70. After insertion of the wire the patients have remarked on their comfort and feeling of security and the cases with prolapse have found this to be completely corrected. Moreover, after operation patients are perfectly well able to continue with their sphincter and levator contractions and in some cases I have noted an improved contractile power with the wire in position. My first three operations of this nature were done with stainless steel wire (2 or 4 strands) and in two of these the wire subsequently broke, one after one month, one after three and a half months, and I re-operated on both cases, this time putting in a silver wire. One of the cases again broke her wire in the course of defxcation seven and a half months later; she knew at once what had happened and without delay returned with a view to its reinsertion; I did this under pentothal after removing the silver wire which was found to have broken on one side just beyond the twist. (Wires demonstrated.) There has been one case of sepsis; the patient was a stout woman, aged 49, for whom I did a Thiersch's operation with silver wire under local anaesthesia. Six days later an acute ischiorectal abscess on the left side had to be incised; the abscess rapidly cleared up but two weeks later the wire was seen to be exposed, so I removed it under pentothal. As to the duration for which the wires can be left, I am proposing to leave them indefinitely so long as the symptoms are relieved and no untoward incident develops. Four of these cases have retained the wire for six months (including the case previously mentioned who broke her wire after seven and a half months). [A colour film of Thiersch's operation was shown.]


It is objective and inevitable for there to be a lack of fidelity in accounting information in the modern economy.In order to keep a lookout over it the only way and the major method must be to reinforce and perfect the supervision over accounting.


Various technique and application have been used in determining the hazard analysis. AHP technique was chosen for this study in effort to find the most factors cause the landslide in the study area. The aim of this study is to determine the factors of landslide hazard using satellite imagery Landsat-8 OLI and Analytic Hierarchy Technique (AHP) in Tanjung Bungah, Penang. This study embarks on three objectives which are to identify the parameter involved in landslide hazard based on surface characteristics, to derive topographical surface from satellite image Landsat 8 OLI in relation of landslide hazard and to determine the correlation of identified parameter and derived topographical information for landslide hazard using AHP technique in Tanjung Bungah, Penang. There are 6 parameters used which are slope, aspect, lithology, rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Landsat 8 has been processed to provide the secondary data used in GIS platform. All the processed data are then overlaid using weighted overlay analysis. The output of the analysis shown is spatially visualized to examine the location of the landslide hazards risk. The map produced help in better understanding of nature impact of past, current and future development decision making.


It is needful in design of the freeing ports to know discharge coefficients of them. Results of experimental studies now conducted are as follows.1. The fundamental coefficients for full-sized ports (Fig. 1), standing and upright, are shown in Figs. 2-5.2. The coefficient, when ports, small-sized, are standing and upright, is approximately independent of arrangement of deck houses.3. If ports roll, the coefficient will be somewhat decreased at a high water-head and moderately increased at a low head, so long as the ports are situated on the both sides of a well. Of ports along side passages, this tendency will be feeble.4. Orbital motion of a ship does not affect so much to the coefficient.5. We can use in some allowance the coefficient for an uprightly standing port.6. Continuous ports on the both sides of a well, found on cargo ships etc., will discharge water between the top of the bulwark and the upper edge of the port within one period of rolling. A port along a side passage will show the same capacity, if it has an area required by the "Free-board Rule".7. Deducing the size of port, the coefficient get larger.8. A slant port (Fig. 20), bored in an inclined plane inside a bulwark lest the port-door may open and patter with ship's rolling or by wind, proves some increment even in discharge.


Stricter quality standards for horticultural products1 are currently emerging in developed countries and can have tremendous impact on the ability of developing countries to gain access to those markets. The primary objectives of these standards are to protect the health and safety of the country's consumers as well as minimize the negative impacts of agriculture production on the agricultural labor force and the environment. However, there is a secondary effect of reduced market access for producers, particularly small-scale producers, in developing countries. In recent years a proliferation of quality standards, including codes of practice as well as quality assurance schemes, have emerged from governments, private standards associations, industry groups, and individual firms. Many of these initiatives are top-down2 approaches, mostly driven by large retailers. Examples include EUREPGAP, a code of practice developed by a group of large European retailers; the Ethical Trading Initiative, a code of practice developed by a variety of market participants including retailers, labor unions, and consumer groups; and MPS, a Dutch flower code of practice developed by consumer groups. However, top-down approaches are difficult to implement locally, inflexible, and often extremely costly. A recent initiative housed within COLEACP3 represents an alternative bottom-up approach. COLEACP has supported the development of the COLEACP Harmonized Framework for horticultural exporters. The harmonized framework is the product of


The material properties of thin drawn wire waveguides (304 stainless steel and hard tempered aluminium 1100 with diameters ranging from 127 to 406 mu m) are characterized experimentally, and axially symmetric elastic wave pulse propagation is modeled analytically. The drawn wires are found to behave as transversely isotropic media. Dispersion measurements are used to accurately determine two of the five independent material properties in several metal wire samples: better than 0.5% for E/sub LL/ (longitudinal Young's modules), and better than 5% for V/sub LT/ (longitudinal-transverse Poisson's ratio). The value of G/sub LT/ (longitudinal-transverse shear modulus) is determined through measurement of the first torsional mode. The dispersive pulsed waveforms may be accurately predicted from the model.<<ETX>>


The criminal complaint and criminal retrial have close relationship.To clear the relationship between the two is a key part to solve the problem of criminal complaints.The defect of the current legislation in China leads to large numbers of criminal appeals.However,few of them can get the chance to be retried.There is an obvious missing link between the appeal and retrial.The basic solution to this problem is to change the complaint into a legal right type of relief,and then to divide the retrial into the ones favorable or unfavorable to the defendant,and finally,to specify the reason,time,effect and the complaint materials for the retrial.


The Conservation Status Index (CSI) presented here is an adaptation of the "Red List Index" (RLI), first developed in 2004 (Butchart et al. 2004), and subsequently improved in 2007 (Butchart et al. 2004). The RLI provides an aggregated level of global extinction risk for a particular group of species, using IUCN Red List assessments (http: //www.iucnredlist.org) of all species within that group. As these assessments are done over time, the trend in the RLI through the years will reflect the trend in the overall global status of the species group.


This paper summarizes important milestones in a yearlong comprehensive effort which culminated in successful deployments of the MARSIS antenna booms in May and June of 2005. Experimentally measured straight section and hinge properties are incorporated into specialized modeling techniques that are used to simulate the boom lenticular joints. System level models are exercised to understand the boom deployment dynamics and spacecraft level implications. Discussion includes a comparison of ADAMS simulation results to measured flight data taken during the three boom deployments. Important parameters that govern lenticular joint behavior are outlined and a short summary of lessons learned and recommendations is included to better understand future applications of this technology.


Two articles in the December, 1979 Review illustrate a widespread problem in the presentation of results from sample surveys. Simply put, essential elements of survey procedures are too frequently omitted from published analyses. In "Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status as Sources of Participation," the only information Dale Nelson provides about the source of his data is that it is a survey conducted in northern Manhattan by the Bureau of Applied Social Research. There is no indication of what "northern Manhattan" refers to (it is not a common term), how the sample was drawn, who did the interviewing (e.g., were they members of a single ethnic group?), nor any of the other details necessary to evaluate a survey. One consequence of this inattention to the methods used to collect data is demonstrated by Nelson's assumption that his findings are applicable to New York City, exactly one paragraph after telling us that the sample comes only from northern Manhattan. Given the subject of the analysis, this is potentially serious. The political character of ethnic groups in New York City most likely varies by neighborhood. To take but one example, the "participant culture" of Jews in Brighton Beach in Brooklyn is probably quite different from that of Jews on the Upper West Side in Manhattan.


NASA's Z-2 prototype space suit contains several components fabricated from an advanced hybrid composite laminate consisting of IM10 carbon fiber and fiber glass. One requirement was to have removable, replaceable helicoil inserts to which other suit components would be fastened. An approach utilizing bonded in inserts with helicoils inside of them was implemented. During initial assembly, cracking sounds were heard followed by the lifting of one of the blind inserts out of its hole when the screws were torqued. A failure investigation was initiated to understand the mechanism of the failure. Ultimately, it was determined that the pre-tension caused by torqueing the fasteners is a much larger force than induced from the pressure loads of the suit which was not considered in the insert design. Bolt tension is determined by dividing the torque on the screw by a k value multiplied by the thread diameter of the bolt. The k value is a factor that accounts for friction in the system. A common value used for k for a non-lubricated screw is 0.2. The k value can go down by as much as 0.1 if the screw is lubricated which means for the same torque, a much larger tension could be placed on the bolt and insert. This paper summarizes the failure investigation that was performed to identify the root cause of the suit failure and details how the insert design was modified to resist a higher pull out tension.


A 100-Gb/s high-speed optical transmitter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Based on frequencyquadrupling technique, two sub-channels with a fixed 50-GHz spacing are obtained from one laser source. Using returnto- zero differential quadrature phase-shift keying (RZ-DQPSK) modulation format and polarization multiplexing (PolMux), only low-speed electronic devices of 12.5 GHz are needed for the 100-Gb/s transmitter. This eliminates the need of ultrahigh-speed optoelectronic devices and thus greatly reduces the cost. The experimental results show that this transmitter can achieve good performance in dispersion tolerance of a 25-km single mode fiber (SMF). The performance of the generated signal is also verified through simulation with respect to chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and nonlinearity.


The research aims to (1) describe how the implementation of the scientific approach in shaping the students spiritual skills for V grade student in primary schools 163080 and 163084 Town Tebingtinggi, (2) describe what the factors supporting and inhibiting  the implementation of scientific approach  in shaping the spiritual skills fifth grade students in primary schools 163080 and 163084 Town Tebingtinggi. Subjects in this study is teachers and 30 students of the fifth grade in primary schools 163080, teachers and 31 students of the fifih grade in primary schools163084 Town Tebingtinggi. The results showed that in theory teachers already know about the scientific approach, but in practice the teacher is not optimal, from observing the process until the end of learning. Spiritual skills of students in two primary schools Town Tebingtinggi obtained who had achieved quite well for V grade student at two primary schools in the district Town Tebingtinggi showed that of 27 aspects of spiritual skills observed oly 15 aspects that can be implemented quite well. But 12 more aspect can not be done well enough. Thus the implementation of the scientific approach in shaping the students spiritual skills in two primary schools in the district Town Tebingtinggi can be achieved quite well. But it still need improvement in some indicators that have not been achieved by students.


The increasing reliability of automatic speech recognition has proliferated its everyday use. However, for research purposes, it is often unclear which model one should choose for a task, particularly if there is a requirement for speed as well as accuracy. In this paper, we systematically evaluate six speech recognizers using metrics including word error rate, latency, and the number of updates to already recognized words on English test data, as well as propose and compare two methods for streaming audio into recognizers for incremental recognition. We further propose Revokes per Second as a new metric for evaluating incremental recognition and demonstrate that it provides insights into overall model performance. We find that, generally, local recognizers are faster and require fewer updates than cloud-based recognizers. Finally, we find Meta's Wav2Vec model to be the fastest, and find Mozilla's DeepSpeech model to be the most stable in its predictions.


The invention provides an adjacent zone information reporting method, an access method and a device. The adjacent zone information reporting method comprises: receiving a measurement control request transmitted by a substation, wherein the measurement control request comprises configured adjacent zone information; if the configured adjacent zone information distinguishes that the found adjacent zone is a self-finding adjacent zone, obtaining the global cell identity information of the self-finding adjacent zone; and reporting the global cell identity information of the self-finding adjacent zone to the substation. The invention can reduce time for transmitting the measurement control request and lowering switching time delay.


The High Entropy Alloys have been developed in the last two decades by mixing at least four chemical elements in equiatomic or quasi-equiatomic proportions. Due to the large range of structures and outstanding properties, these advanced materials can be used for structural, high-temperature, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, oxidation-resistant, and electrical elements. In order to extend the applicability area of High Entropy Alloys and to improve the knowledge in terms of their behaviour, the researchers worldwide have investigated the phenomena generated by the welding process and its effects produced on their properties. The findings have revealed that these special alloys can be recommended to be used both in high and low-temperature applications. This paper presents a review focused on the weldability and behaviour of CoCrFeMnNi, AlCoCrCuFeNi, AlCrFeCoNi, and CoCrFeNi alloys during Friction Stir Welding, Electron Beam Welding, Laser Beam Welding, and Tungsten Inert Gas. Original results related to the weldability and behaviour of new AlCrFeMnNi alloys developed and subjected to Shielded Metal Arc Welding, as a technical solution for performing morpho-functional structures used in the military field, are presented and discussed, too. The experimental results demonstrated that an appropriate selection of joining technique and filler metal, as well as an optimal combination of process parameters led to performing quality joints, free of defects.


Automatic melanoma diagnosis based on image processing can give more objective results. To facilitate examination for patients at home, we propose a new automatic melanoma diagnosis framework based on common images. Firstly, we use illumination assessment based on variational framework for Retinex (VFR) to filter the images with illumination problem caused by variation of capturing cameras viewpoint and ambient light. Secondly, the GrabCut algorithm based on colour difference is used to segment lesion area. It can complete segmentation automatically and efficiently. Thirdly, we use convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract high-level features and choose support vector machine (SVM) classifier to complete melanoma classification. Compared to hand-craft features, CNN can acquire deep information of images. Because of the lack of medical images, the SVM classifier is better than other classifiers. Finally, we validated our approach from different perspectives and the accuracy is increased by about 5% over other methods.


L���� J., S������� V. (2003): Computer-based image analysis to estimate the area of a sticky trap occupied or contaminated by pests. Plant Protect. Sci., 39: 52–60. Traps are tools frequently used to monitor and control pests. Therefore, it is important to study the prerequisites of their use. The instant active area of a trap (the instantly available area of a trap that is able to capture a pest) is a determinant of trap efficacy. However, to measure the instant active trap area is difficult. Therefore, we developed a technique of computer image analysis of digital photography to evaluate the instant active trap area, occupancy (area of insect bodies captured on the trap) and contamination (area of filth left by pests on the trap, such as wing-scales or faeces) of it. This study illustrates its use with two types of sticky traps applied to monitor the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, and the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. We found that moths decreased the capacity of the sticky surface more than cockroaches because of its contamination by wing-scales. The sticky trap area covered by wing-scales was nearly as large as the area occupied by moth bodies. Cockroaches contaminated the sticky surface by their faeces but the contaminated area was less than 2% of the area occupied by cockroach bodies. The results indicate that moths are heavy contaminators while cockroaches are weak contaminators of sticky traps.


In India industrial undertakings have a large potential for introducing family welfare programs. The attempt is made in this discussion to estimate the monetary benefit that would accrue to the management through the impact of contraception on fertility reduction at various levels of current fertility. The particular aim is to investigate the monetary benefits the management especially the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) would have through an effective implementation of the family welfare program among the industrial community. It was estimated than on an average the Corporation spends Rs.87.4 for each pregnant woman for ante-natal natal and post-natal care. The total expenditure incurred by the Corporation for preventive and curative care from infancy to pre-school stage (5-year period) worked out to be Rs.104.4 for each child which is equivalent to an expenditure of Rs.77.8 at the initial stage itself when the discount factor was also considered. The net monetary gain to the Corporation by way of less expenditure on medical care would be about Rs.165 for each pregnant woman for prevention of each pregnancy ending in live birth. It was estimated that a program with an impact of 20% reduction in fertility would be giving a cost benefit of nearly Rs.7000/1000 currently married couples. The effective implementation of a family planning program among the industrial workers at national and regional levels through the ESIC would not be costly compared to the benefits which the Corporation the management the industrial community and the country would realize.


[Objective] The research was done to study the distribution and expression variation of Neuropeptide Y(NPY)in uterus of the rats during estrus cycle.[Method] Twenty mature female rats at normal estrus cycle were evenly divided into 4 groups:preoestrus group,estrum group,metoestrus and diestrus group.Estrus cycle was judged by vaginal smear,the expression of NPY in uterus of the rats during estrus cycle was studied by immunohistochemical SP method.[Result] In endometrium layer,most NPY immunoreactive products are mainly located in cells,small parts mainly in punctuate and filamentous NPY immunoreactive fibers.In myometrium layer,The NPY immunoreactive products are mainly located in muscle fibers.The relative expression of immunoreactive product NPY of t-test showed that,compared with the the proestrus,expression of NPY in estrus and diestrus of endometrium was significantly decreased(P0.05);Contrast with the the metestrus,estrus and diestrus were extremely significantly decreased(P0.01);compared with the the estrus,expression of NPY in metestrus of myometrium was significantly increased(P0.05);compared with the the metestrus,expression of NPY in diestrus of myometrium was extremely significantly decreased(P0.01).[Conclusion] The results showed that the expression of NPY in the uterus in different periods was found to adapt to some certain rules and might be related to its physiological function.


ORANGE, Calif. (May 27, 2011) — For the 14 year in a row, the State of California's Managed Risk Medical Insurance Board has designated CalOptima as the Community Provider Plan for the Healthy Families Program in Orange County. The Healthy Families Program, California's version of the federally funded Children's Health Insurance Program, or CHIP, offers comprehensive health coverage to children from working families without employersponsored insurance.


IN BRIEF For a woman who is facing financial, cultural, psychological, or social challenges, discovering that she has gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a significant burden. By better understanding challenges underserved women with GDM face, multidisciplinary clinical teams can make essential changes in health care delivery to optimize outcomes not just during pregnancy, but also, equally importantly, beyond pregnancy to prevent long-term disease.


Steel structures are widespread in areas with high seismic activity due to their good performance, although, in some cases the energy dissipation capacity is not sufficient and the connection can fail or it can suffer large degradations. Their repair can be very costly and in some cases the degradation needs to be avoided due to the destination of the building. In order to increase the connection dissipation capacity, ductility and stiffness a series of hysteretic dampers is introduced in the construction of the connection. These dampers can be repaired or replaced with low costs, low difficulty and in a short period of time.


Abstract In order to study the influence of steel fiber on the damage characteristics of concrete under uniaxial tension, based on the improved G-P algorithm, the acoustic emission event rate correlation dimension (hereinafter referred to as correlation dimension) curves of steel fiber reinforced concrete under uniaxial tension failure before and after peak stress were obtained, and the evolution characteristics of the correlation dimension of concrete with different steel fiber contents analyzed. According to the correlation dimension, the R value, the F value and the variance (σ2) were proposed to measure the effect of steel fiber on the micro-failure characteristics of concrete. The results show that before peak stress, the correlation dimension first increases and then decreases with an increase in the stress level; the mean correlation dimension increases with an increase in steel fiber; the addition of steel fiber reduces the R value by 36.13 % to 65.04 % compared with plain concrete, but has little effect on the F value. After peak stress, with a decrease in the stress level, the correlation dimension decreases with some fluctuation; and the variance of correlation dimension decreases with the increase of steel fiber; whereas the order degree of the system microstructure, measured by the correlation dimension, increases with an increase in steel fiber. These results can be used for structural health monitoring and the non-destructive testing of steel fiber reinforced concrete, which have an important value for enriching the early warning of fracture failure in steel fiber reinforced concrete based on acoustic emission technology.


Adoption in sub-Saharan Africa had been a cultural shock before now. This was because in the past family cohesion was strong and was further strengthened by societal norms that denied adopted children of certain inheritance. Childless couples found parenting expressions in mentoring family relations like their own child. However, with influence of westernization the extended family system began to wane, giving birth to other parenting models like adoption. The study therefore, sought to explore the increasing acceptance of child adoption among families' resident in Lagos state. The study adopted a qualitative method, deploying in-depth interview guide among ten parents who adopted at least a child through the formal process. The respondents were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Key informant interview guide was deployed to three traditional rulers and an operator of motherless babies' home to enhance respondents' validation. The result shows an increasing acceptance of adoption among families' residence in Lagos state. This could be a good breakthrough for individuals on the long waiting list for conception who could have gone through physical and psychological trauma. In view of this, advocacy groups should enlighten the general public on this valuable alternative method of parenting.


Watersheds are natural-ecological regions characterized by a strong sense of unity. In contrast to the current administrative jurisdictions, watersheds form natural units guided by common hydrological, climatic, and, increasingly, cultural landscape planning mechanisms. The main purpose of this chapter is to shed light on a novel approach to using watersheds to inventory, preserve, and promote cultural landscape resources. The Hudson River region of New York (USA) is examined to assess the formation, evolution, and preservation of cultural landscape resources between New York City (south) and the state capital, Albany (north). It includes mixed methods, combining literature reviews on regional planning, professional practice, and multi-scalar governance with selected case study analysis and the assessment of policy priorities. The significance of this research is in the application of a novel cultural landscape resources planning approach to the study of the Hudson River region of New York.


Affected by the epidemic, colleges and universities have experienced one semester of online teaching and accumulated some teaching experience and resource. Under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, offline teaching in colleges and universities has gradually returned to normal, and online teaching has become an auxiliary form of offline teaching. However, the epidemic has not ended. We still need to solve the problems of "imbalance between supply and demand" in the thinking of teaching resources design, "different functions" of operation platform, "good and bad" in construction effect, and "different standards" in quality monitoring. Aiming at the problems faced by online teaching resources in colleges and universities under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures to improve the effect of classroom teaching and improve the quality of talent training.


Two intestinal anaerobic flora of human precultured in PY medium were inoculated to PY medium comtaining Ginsenoside R 1、Rg 1,Dioscin,protodioscin,Gracillin,Gastrodin,Sweroside and Saponin D,respectively.And then cultured at 37℃ in an anaerobic conditions. To test the change of bacterial counts for 64 hour after incubated. These results indicate that some natural glycosides remarkably stimulated the growth of human intestinal anaerobic flora, but another glycosides significantly inhabited the growth,and the effect have various on the different origin intestinal bacterial mixture as the same glycoside It is of the same glycoside.It is of the same view with the theory of Tradition Chinese Medicine.


The parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) is a new type of monochromatic, polarized, directed, tunable radiation arising in the vicinity of Bragg directions of a crystal when relativistic particles are passing through the crystal. For the last ten years the PXR properties have been intensively investigated experimentally at moderate incident electron current. In this paper we consider main properties of PXR as a new source of a powerful monochromatic X-ray beam, excited by short high-current electron bunch in a single crystal. It is shown, that using a PXR, one can obtain X-ray beam power of about MW/sr during a short period of time at moderate incident electron energy. Experimental setup for generating pulsed PXR beam is suggested, and possibilities for application of pulsed polarized monochromatic X-ray beams are discussed.


This paper examines the budgetary problems of Japan and points to the persistent mismatch between expenditure and revenue and to the difficulties in achieving consolidation targets. The author notes that the tax system has not produced sufficient revenues. This reflects repeated tax reductions motivated by the need to stimulate the economy and to improve the competitiveness of Japanese companies. Saito argues that room for expenditure cuts seems rather limited while the relatively low tax burden suggests there is significant scope to increase revenue. He notes that interest expenditure is currently relatively small but could increase when economic growth and private investment pick up.


The electrochemical behavior and possible reaction mechanism in Fe(III)-oxalate-calcium gluconate system were studied by cyclic voltammetry.The results showed that Fe(II)-gluconate was the final reductant.The reduction time,the working voltage and the cathode area influenced the current efficiency.The high current efficiency of 89% for the indirect electrochemical reduction of Vat Scarlet R could be achieved with reduction time of 10 min,working voltage of 4 V and cathode area of 40 cm2 in Fe(III)-oxalate-calcium gluconate system.


The aim of this study was to identify, describe and provide theoretical analysis of community midwives perceptions of their role in the context of the recommendations of Changing Childbirth. Ten community midwives, from both rural and inner city areas in the UK, were interviewed. The data generated three substantive categories: choice, continuity and relationships with colleagues. The midwives in the study enjoyed providing continuity of care for women but felt that continuity of antenatal and postnatal care was more important, both for themselves and the women, than having a known midwife in labour. Despite feeling adequately skilled and in favour of providing intrapartum care for more of their women, they did not feel that it was a realistic option, for a variety of reasons. This study raises important issues about community-based maternity care which merit further investigation and highlight the need for midwives to develop a shared philosophy of care with their colleagues.


The article reviews the Tomas Saraceno exhibitions "Aria" featuring spiders at Palazzo Strozzi in Florence, Italy until November 1, 2020 and "Event Horizon" at Cisternerne in Copenhagen, Denmark until November 30, 2020.


BACKGROUND
Sibutramine is a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is known to reduce body weight. The efficacy of this drug in primary care medicine is currently unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To study, in a primary healthcare setting, the effect of a standardized non-pharmacological treatment program and 15 mg sibutramine or placebo on long-term weight reduction in obese subjects with a body mass index >or= 30 and < 40 kg/m(2).

DESIGN
A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group comparison over 54 weeks of continuous therapy.

SETTING
33 general practitioners in Germany.

SUBJECTS
389 obese patients were recruited of whom 362 were randomized.

MEASUREMENTS
Primary measure was weight reduction at week 54; others included reduction in BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure and blood lipids.

RESULTS
348 obese subjects were analyzed using an intention-to-treat analysis. Mean weight loss in the sibutramine (S) group was 8.1 +/- 8.2 kg vs. 5.1 +/- 6.5 kg in the placebo (P) group (p < 0.001; Intent-to-treat analysis). More subjects lost more than 5 % and 10 % of initial weight with sibutramine than with placebo (5 %, S: 62.6 %, P: 41.4 %, p < 0.001; 10 %, S: 40.8, P: 19.0 %, p < 0.001). Weight loss was accompanied by an improvement in the lipid profile, in particular, an increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in fasting triglycerides. In both groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in those with moderate hypertension and remained unchanged in those with normal blood pressure at baseline. There was a modest increase in heart rate in S (1.9 beats/min) vs. P (- 0.9 beats/min) (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Under primary care conditions, sibutramine 15 mg daily proved to be a safe and effective drug for additional weight loss in obese subjects undergoing a comprehensive weight reduction program.


Tarbela Dam is one of the world largest filled dams with a capacity of 13.69 km³. It is the backbone of Pakistan, and it is used for both power generation and irrigation. Like all dam reservoirs, sedimentation decreases the life of the Tarbela dam reservoir and affects the power generating unit and tunnel equipment's and instruments. The Finite Volume Method was used to conduct a CFD analysis to investigate different parameters that influence sedimentation. The analysis was carried out using multiphase flow (air and water) considering the summer season for maximum reservoir inflow and discharge water through spillways and tunnels. Boundary conditions were applied to a 3D geometric model that had been meshed. The spillway outlet was found to have the highest velocity. Near the spillways outlet and tunnel inlets, strong vortex motion was observed. WAPDA were suggested to redesign tunnels 3 and 4 in order to reduce sediment inflow, as well as to improve the design of the spillways.


Abstract The future stability of the young and relatively weak Iraqi government rests on its ability to provide basic public goods—water, food, and electricity—to its populace, which is related directly to stabilising the quality and quantity of its available water supply. Since 98% of Iraq's water comes from the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, both of which originate and flow through several countries before entering Iraq, stabilising the water supply becomes an international issue. In other words, to stabilise Iraq's water supply, there needs to be a comprehensive agreement between the states sharing the Euphrates and Tigris. As this article argues, an agreement is possible when states have an interest in co-operation, a neutral mediator facilitates the negotiations, and a river commission is established to maintain long-term co-operation. Due to important changes today the states sharing the Euphrates and Tigris rivers confront favourable conditions that can lead to an agreement.


With the development of modern international educational trend,the modern moral education should shift from teaching orientation to learning orientation.As an indispensable part of the school education,P.E.has the(incomparable) advantages in developing the students' morality.


Integrated Pest Management technique is used to formulate a mathematical model by using biological and chemical control impulsively. The uniform boundedness and the existence of pest extinction and nontrivial equilibrium points is discussed. Further, local stability of pest extinction equilibrium point is studied and it has been derived that if T≤T_max, the pest extinction equilibrium point is locally stable and for T>T_max, the system is permanent. It has also been obtained that how delay helps in eradicating pest population more quickly. Finally, analytic results have been validated numerically.


In this work, the most common problem of the modern power system named optimal power flow (OPF) is optimized using the novel meta-heuristic optimization Multi-verse Optimizer(MVO) algorithm. In order to solve the optimal power flow problem, the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems are used. MVO is applied to solve the proposed problem. The problems considered in the OPF problem are fuel cost reduction, voltage profile improvement, voltage stability enhancement. The obtained results are compared with recently published meta-heuristics. Simulation results clearly reveal the effectiveness and the rapidity of the proposed algorithm for solving the OPF problem.


We propose a mobility enhancement method in which APs periodically change their RF channels in a predetermined order that prevents overlap of neighboring APs' channels. Improvement in the throughput is also achieved by manipulating the DCF uplink mode and the Downlink mode. A performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme is superior to IEEE 802.11 WLAN in handoff delay and throughput.


On the basis of the incidence of haemoglobin alleles in different populations of rats, the hypothesis is discussed that the HbbB is phylogenetically "older".


Subjects.\p=m-\Thesubjects in this study were 17 euthyroid chronic schizophrenic male patients from the Elgin State Hospital who had been observed in a controlled metabolic study under the sponsorship of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council for more than four years.7 During this period, food intake had been quantitatively controlled at each meal, and the B. M. R., urinary creatine and creatinine, total serum cholesterol, and various other components were determined at monthly intervals.1 Experimental Study.—Eleven experimental and six control subjects were used. Six of the eleven experimental subjects and three out of the six controls had been kept on a low tocopherol diet for a period of over four years.7 The experimental subjects were given 100/ig. of triiodothyronine* orally in two divided doses daily for 18 days, after which treatment was stopped for 24 days. At the end of this period, 200/ig. of triiodothyronine was given daily for an additional period of 30 days. The B. M. R. was determined between 5 :30 and 7:30 a.m., 14 hours after the last meal ; 24hour urine collections were made twice a week; blood was drawn at 7:00 a.m., and subjects were weighed at 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., respectively, three times a week. Urinary creatine and creatinine were determined by the method of Bonsnes et al.8 and the data verified by paper chromatography. Total serum cholesterol was determined by the method of Sperry and Webb,9 and plasma tocoph¬ erol, by the method of Emmerie and Engle,10 with modifications by Quai fe and Harris.11


The development of renewable energy market requires overcoming numerous barriers producers of energy from RES confront with. The obstacles, identified and presented in this study, include political, legal, organizational and institutional, informational and educational, economical and financial barriers. Considering these limitations, the analysis on the efficiency of certain investments in exploitation of renewable resources was made based on multi-criteria analysis methods, identifying, thus, the influence of those barriers on the decision-making of producers of energy from RES regarding feasibility of investment projects.


Mary C. Freeman | U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Athens, GA 30602. E-mail: mcfreeman@usgs. gov Kevin R. Bestgen | Larval Fish Laboratory, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Daren Carlisle | U.S. Geological Survey, Ecological Flows Program, Lawrence, KS Emmanuel A. Frimpong | Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Nathan R. Franssen | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM Keith B. Gido | Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Elise Irwin | U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units, Auburn, AL Yoichiro Kanno | Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Charles Luce | U.S. Forest Service Research and Development, Boise, ID S. Kyle McKay | U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, New York, NY Meryl C. Mims | Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Julian D. Olden | School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA N. LeRoy Poff | Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO | Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Australia David L. Propst | Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM Laura Rack | Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA Allison H. Roy | U.S. Geological Survey, Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Edward S. Stowe | Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA Annika Walters | U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Zoology and Physiology Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Seth J. Wenger | Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA


ABSTRACT Multiscreening has been shown to affect consumers' brand attitudes and their memory of advertisements. However, little is known about the prevalence of using multiple screens simultaneously. The aim of this study is to provide insight into multiscreening by examining its prevalence, the composition of screens, and who is likely to multiscreen. A diary study with a representative sample of the Dutch population (n = 2,399) was conducted. First, the results showed that almost 60% of the participants multiscreened at least once. They multiscreened on average three days a week, mostly on Sundays, and on average more than 80 minutes per day. Second, the most prevalent screen combinations were TV-smartphone, TV-laptop, and TV-tablet. Third, multiscreeners were on average 41 years old, predominantly female, have a higher than average education, and own on average more than four screens. Finally, it was found that, in general, younger participants multiscreened longer than older participants.


Dagstuhl Seminar 20051 on Computational Metabolomics is the third edition of seminars on this topic and focused on Cheminformatics and Machine Learning. With the advent of higher precision instrumentation, application of metabolomics to a wider variety of small molecules, and ever increasing amounts of raw and processed data available, developments in cheminformatics and machine learning are sorely needed to facilitate interoperability and leverage further insights from these data. Following on from Seminars 17491 and 15492, this edition convened both experimental and computational experts, many of whom had attended the previous sessions and brought much-valued perspective to the week's proceedings and discussions. Throughout the week, participants first debated on what topics to discuss in detail, before dispersing into smaller, focused working groups for more in-depth discussions. This dynamic format was found to be most productive and ensured active engagement amongst the participants. The abstracts in this report reflect these working group discussions, in addition to summarising several informal evening sessions. Action points to follow-up on after the seminar were also discussed, including future workshops and possibly another Dagstuhl seminar in late 2021 or 2022.


The paper introduces the frame principle of a portable natural gamma spectrum. In order to realize spec-trum stabilization, a scaled related curve of temperature and negative high voltage of photo-multiplier-tube (PMT) is used to control negative high voltage of PMT to get stable gain of the instrument system and to realize rough adjust-ing of spectrum stabilization. Then the energy axis of gathered data curve is re-demarcated by using positions of natu-ral gamma radial characteristic peaks to obtain gamma spectra form the curves of pulse-amplitude-count-rate without the process of refine stabilizing spectra in the similar instruments. So, the method in this paper can greatly improve the speed of data acquisition on the same condition of error due to statistical.


The footing of a bridge is a very essential part that support the whole load induced by the bridge itself and the traffic as well. However, once a bridge is built, the footing is buried under soil so the footing is invisible from outside. Therefore, the safety or condition of the footing is very difficult to estimate. Not only the length of the imbedded part of the footings but also the type of footings are unknown once the design record is gone. Some nondestructive techniques can be used to evaluate invisible part of the footings but the results have not been successful yet. Using GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar), which has been used for the nondestructive evaluation in military purposes, the condition assessment of the footings have been successfully conducted in this research. The field evaluation and laboratory tests have been conducted to find effective factors in the condition assessment of the footings. The equipment and basic theory of the GPR has been presented. The field test results show that the GPR can be successfully used for the safety evaluation of the footings. More test results and field data are needed for more precise evaluation of the footings.


The utility model relates to an intelligent bedding bag. The intelligent bedding bag comprises a bedding bag body and is characterized in that the bedding bag body is provided with a plurality of sensors (1) and a set of data receiving emitter (3); the plurality of sensors (1) and the set of data receiving emitter (3) are connected through shielded wires or are in an wireless receiving and transmitting mode; and the data receiving emitter (3) is provided with a matched controller (4). The utility model can intelligentize a quilt, automatically detect and transmit parameters of temperature, humidity, audio frequency, gas and/or microorganisms and the like inside the quilt, and control the parameters of quilt inside and neighboring environment through an auxiliary system.


It is shown that the map from the Jacobian of the spectral curve to the moduli of stable bundles of rank 2 is generically simply branched along an irreducible divisor. This observation falsifies the key step in the "abelianization of the SU(2) WZW connection" presented in a recent paper [Yoshida, Annals 2006]


It is visible that software companies must establish practices that enhance quality and advanced process management techniques in order to remain competitive. Thus, they have increasingly turned to software process improvement methodologies (SPIM) nowadays. Understanding how to implement best fit SPIM successfully is arguably the most challenging issue faced by the software development field today. The Software Engineering Institute's (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is widely adapted and has received great publicity in the software development industry. However adoptability of CMM has been the topic of ongoing debates. Since most current software process models are developed and provided by either the United States or European standard committee, it can be said that CMM models are generally tailored for western cultures. The objective of this research was to analyze the experiences of IT professionals in implementing CMM in Sri Lanka and to identify the key factors that influence the adoption and applicability of CMM. Further the aim was to introduce a framework to evaluate CMM adoptability and applicability for companies that are practicing CMM and planning for CMM implementation and to discover how to tailor the western style process for the Sri Lankan software development society. It was looked across in 2 main dimensions; cultural factors and work practices and investigated the impact of each dimension with regard to detail factors. By analyzing the data of 62 individuals from 3 segments namely; Management, Software Engineers and Quality Assurance / Quality Control teams of II IT companies listed under ICTA for CMM implementation in Sri Lanka, it was evident that the CMM adoptability was influenced by cultural factors; M-time Vs P-time, High-Low Context Languages, Power Distance and Longshort term orientation. With regard to work practices, it was found that CMM applicability was influenced by Marketing practices, Knowledge on SPIM and Success work practices. Overall research findings evidenced that process improvement through CMM is not adoptable and applicable with regard to culture and work practices in Sri Lankan context. However, majority of the management segment responded differently to other two segments as in agreement to the fact that CMM is adoptable and applicable in Sri Lanka. The key recommendations of this research are that the organizational culture and the work behaviors should be thoroughly studied and tailored the models accordingly prior adopting a SPIM and employees in all categories should be participated in activities of process improvement.


Purpose – Asset management has recently gained significance due to emerging business models such as Product Service Systems where the sale of asset use, rather than the sale of the asset itself, is applied. This leaves the responsibility of the maintenance tasks to fall on the shoulders of the manufacturer/supplier to provide high asset availability. The use of asset monitoring assists in providing high availability but the level of monitoring and maintenance needs to be assessed for cost effectiveness. There is a lack of available tools and understanding of their value in assessing monitoring levels. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This research aims to develop a dynamic modelling approach using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to assess such maintenance systems in order to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of complex maintenance operations. Interviews were conducted and literature was analysed to gather modelling requirements. Generic models were create...


Hypertext link is the most basic and important function of HTML and enables a user to access particular web pages or documents in world wide webs. The basic linking idiom in HTML is tag <a> acts as hypertext links. Usually, the web designers can't make the hypertext link flexible because there are no decision-making capabilities in HTML. With advanced web implementation skill, adding extra functions into hypertext links can raise the interactivity. The aim of the paper was discussed how to use web programming languages such as JavaScript and CSS into HTML to improve the interactivity of hypertext links and display various examples implemented by the combination of JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Such combination is also known as Dynamic HTML (DHTML).


This paper deals with an analysis of the source of Danxi medicine and the social and historical background of its formation and development.The authors believe that the main factors for the formation of Danxi medicine are the cultural communication between the south and north in the Yuan Dynasty and the integration between the northern medicine and southern medicine in the Jin Dynasty.Danxi medicine reflects distinctly the economic and cultural communication and social culture of the Yuan Dynasty.


A chemical demonstration of a clock reaction involving red and green colors for the winter holiday season is reported. The system consists of oxidation–reduction reactions involving iodate, sulfite, and thiosulfate that experiences a large-amplitude spike in pH. A combination of suitable acid–base indicators is employed to effect the green–red–green color changes as the pH changes. The spike behavior can be monitored as a function of time using a pH meter. The pedagogical relevance of the demonstration is also discussed.


Welcome to this installment of ACM SIGMOD Record's series of interviews with distinguished members of the database community. I'm Marianne Winslett, and today we are in San Diego, site of the 2003 SIGMOD and PODS conference. I have here with me C. Mohan, who is the technical team lead for the DBCache project at IBM Almaden Research Center. Mohan is well-known for his work on transaction commitment, logging, and recovery, which has had a tremendous impact on how those functions are carried out in database products from IBM and other vendors. Mohan is the primary author of the 1992 TODS paper on ARIES that has become a staple of every database graduate student's qualifying exam preparation, as well as having the distinction of being the only paper ever accepted to TODS that exceeds TODS's 50-page length limit. Mohan is an IEEE, ACM, and IBM Fellow. He has received the SIGMOD Innovations Award and the VLDB 10-year Best Impact Paper Award. His PhD is from the University of Texas at Austin. So, Mohan, welcome!


Well-aligned, long fibers composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and polypropylene (PP) were fabricated by a conventional melt spinning technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the morphology revealed that both the alignment and dispersion of MWNTs in the matrix were improved. Mechanical properties of the composite fibers were studied by tensile testing and Weibull distribution, and it was found that their tensile strength was increased with addition of the carbon nanotubes. The maximum tensile strength of 61 MPa was achieved at 3 w/% MWNT addition, 120% more than that of the pure PP fibers. Moreover, a unique tensile rupture characteristic was found by SEM observations, which explained the critical phenomenon that the MWNT addition affects the tensile property of the MWNT composite fibers.


A novel switching effect has been found in amorphous semiconductor devices having an aluminum interlayer on one electrode. These devices operate as memory devices in one polarity and as threshold switching devices in the opposite polarity. The setting time is very short if the aluminum side of the device is positive. If no aluminum interlayer is present, a long pulse with special trailing edge is necessary to accomplish memory setting. Threshold switching voltage and memory breakdown voltage of the device with an interlayer have the same value.


This is a market volatility study utilizing three measures of assessing volatility in the U.S stock markets prior to and after the month of September 2008 using three proxies. The first is the VIX index, the CBOE options volatility measure. The next two are bearish, or short position strategy, ETF's based on stock indexes but designed to reflect and benefit from stock market movements in the downward direction. They are the Power Shares index, symbol SDS, and the Rydex Index, symbol RMS. This research evaluates and analyzes weekly movements in the three volatility variables mentioned above for a period of the last eight months of 2008. This includes the four months prior to and the four months after the beginning of September 2008. Specifically, the relative magnitude, volatility and degree of correlation between the three variables will be examined and compared to the movements in NYSE, NASDAQ and S & P stock indexes. The life span and volume of trading, one measure of liquidity, in each of the three variables will also be evaluated. Part of the analysis, and conclusions, will involve analyzing how similar or dissimilar the three behave and whether one may be a better indicator of current or future volatility in the stock market, or financial markets in general and how effective the bear market ETF's might be as hedging vehicles in a down market.


Mini-EUSO is the first mission of the JEM-EUSO program on board the International Space Station. It was launched in 2019 and it is currently located in the Russian section (Zvezda module) of the station and viewing our planet from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window. The instrument is based on the concept of the original JEM-EUSO mission and consists of an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity and an overall field of view of 44° × 44°. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the near UV range (predominantly between 290 nm and 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and different temporal resolutions of 2.5 µ, 320 µs and 41 ms. Mini-EUSO observations are extremely important to better assess the potential of a space-based detector in studying Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) such as K-EUSO and POEMMA. In this contribution we focus the attention on UV measurements, the observation of clouds and of certain categories of events that Mini-EUSO triggers with the shortest temporal resolution. We place them in the context of UHECR observations from space, namely the estimation of exposure and sensitivity to Extensive Air Showers.


In view of the high frequency of gouty arthritis reported in Filipinos, a population of normal Filipino males and an age-matched group of Caucasian males were examined. The mean serum uric acid value (with standard deviation) was found to be 6.3 ± 1.4 mg. per 100 ml. for Filipinos and 5.0 ± 1.1 mg. per 100 ml. for Caucasians, using the uricaseultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Praetorius. The serum uric acid frequency distribution curve was found to be symmetrical for the Caucasians and skewed to high values for the Filipinos.

Viste le alte frequentia de arthritis guttose reportate pro philippinos, un population de normal masculos philippin esseva examinate, si ben como un gruppo de masculos de racia blanc de etates appareate. Esseva trovate que le valor medie pro le acido uric del sero (con D.S.) esseva 6,3 ± 1,4 mg per 100 ml pro philippinos e 5,0 ± 1.l mg. per 100 ml pro individuos de racia blanc, determinate secundo le methodo spectrophotometric de Praetorius. Esseva constatate que le curva del distribution de frequentia esseva symmetric pro le blancos e dissymmetrisate verso alte valores pro le philippinos.


A knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts can mean the difference between life and death for rural people at the grassroots level. We, who are educated, take for granted that biological principles such as hygiene and nutrition are linked to health. The children of the rural poor may die of gastroenteritis and malnutrition before they are even old enough to go to school. This paper will summarise practical aspects of the communication of science and technology aimed at improving the quality of life of rural and peri-urban communities in South Africa. The impact of communication of science varies according to the socio-economic and environmental situation in which it occurs. Planning of interventions is important and knowledge of the characteristics of the community, its social and material assets, perceptions and traditional practices, the level of knowledge and technology and the cost/benefit ratio of the interventions can be determined through a situational (systems or holistic) analysis. Using participatory methods and scenario-planning, objectives can be selected, evaluated and ranked. Long term sustainability is more likely if people are motivated and empowered through capacity building. It is asked: "Is skills training a part of communication with the rural poor?" If so it is a part often forgotten. The "deficit model " or " handout syndrome" is paternalistic and prescriptive and suppresses motivation and self-respect of the target audience who become passive recipients rather than active participants. This has a negative impact on the sustainability of a project it falls away as soon as the funding vanishes. This paper lists principles based on field experiences of successful veterinary extension, primary animal health care and small-scale farming. It discusses force field analysis as a method to promote change, describes adoption and diffusion curves and gives practical advice on interpersonal communication strategies to improve animal and human health and quality of life.


A topological space is finitely an F-space if its Stone–Čech compactification is a union of finitely many closed F-spaces and a space is SV if C(X) has the property that C(X)/P is a valuation domain for each prime ring ideal P of C(X). This article studies the images under open continuous functions and the open subspaces of spaces that are finitely an F-space or are SV. It is shown that an open continuous image of a compact space that is finitely an F-space is finitely an F-space and an open continuous image of certain SV spaces is SV. Also, it is shown cozerosets, but not necessarily open sets, of SV spaces are SV spaces and a similar situation holds for spaces that are finitely an F-space.


The aetiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) extends beyond prostate enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction. There are multiple pathways that precipitate LUTS onset and progression and make its diagnosis and treatment a challenge. It has been suggested that obese men are more likely to have LUTS and that weight gain worsens LUTS. It is not known whether weight reduction can improve LUTS. The proposed association of obesity with LUTS remains controversial. We conducted a prospective randomised controlled trial to determine whether weight reduction is an effective intervention for LUTS, and assessed the association between obesity and LUTS among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.


The exceptional Lie groups playa significant role in elementary particle models involving octonionic coloured quark fields. Simple methods for calculating the basic properties of these groups are outlined here. Among the properties computed are the dimensions and Dynkin index eigenvalues of irreps and branching rules for the most important group-subgroup structures. Kronecker products and symmetrized Kronecker powers of irreps of the exceptional groups are resolved. The concepts of elementary multiplets and Schur functions (S-functions) are used to greatly simplify the calculations, making possible manual calculations that are well beyond the capabilities of modem computer algorithms based on the enumeration of weights.


Together with the introduction of topological light waves (light with phase or polarization singularities), their generation and applications were described. Using a photonic crystal, axially-symmetric polarizer or mirror, 1) supercontinuum optical vortex generation ranging ∼500 to ∼800 nm without spatial nor topological-charge dispersions, 2) generation of ultrabroadband axially-symmetric polarization modes ranging∼600 to∼800 nm without polarization dispersion, and 3) a high power radially-polarized light generation directly from a diode-pumped Nd : YVO4 bounce amplifier were experimentally demonstrated. As applications of generated topological light waves, 4) laser ablation of Ta plates using nanosecond optical vortex pulses and, in particular, using spin-orbit interactions of light, microneedle fabrication on a metal surface by laser ablation were performed.


Ramie fiber/soy protein concentrate (SPC) polymer (resin) interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was measured using the microbond technique. To characterize the effect of plasticization, SPC resin was mixed with glycerin. Fibers were also treated with ethylene plasma polymer to reduce fiber surface roughness and polar nature to control the IFSS. Fiber surfaces after ethylene plasma polymerization, and fracture surfaces of specimens before and after the microbond tests were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Some specimens were also characterized using electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) to map the residual resin on the fiber surface after the microbond test. Effects of glycerin concentration in SPC and ethylene plasma fiber surface treatment time on the IFSS were investigated. Preparation of SPC resin requires a large amount of water. As expected, during drying of SPC resin, the microdrops shrank significantly. The high IFSS values indicate strong interfacial interaction in the ramie fiber/SPC resin system. This strong interfacial interaction is a result of a highly polar nature of both the ramie fiber and the SPC resin and rough fiber surface. Ethylene plasma polymerization was used to control the IFSS. The plasma polymer imparted a polyethylene-like, non-polar polymer coating on the fiber surface. As a result, the fiber surface became smoother compared to the untreated fiber. Both fiber smoothness and non-polar nature of the coating reduced the ramie fiber/SPC resin IFSS. Plasticization of the SPC resin by glycerin also decreased the adhesion strength of the ramie fibers with the SPC resin. The load-displacement plots for IFSS tests obtained for different resin and fiber combinations indicate different interfacial failure modes.


(73) Assignee: Tata Consultancy Services Limited, The present invention provides a frugal method for extraction Mumbai (IN) of speech data and associated transcription from plurality of web resources (internet) for speech corpus creation charac (21) Appl. No.: 13/533,174 terized by an automation of the speech corpus creation and cost reduction. An integration of existing speech corpus with (22) Filed: Jun. 26, 2012 extracted speech data and its transcription from the web resources to build an aggregated rich speech corpus that are (30) Foreign Application Priority Data effective and easy to adapt for generating acoustic and lan guage models for (Automatic Speech Recognition) ASR sys Jul. 28, 2011 (IN) ......................... 214.8/MUMA2011 temS.


ABSTRACT The success of the breeding programmes depends on the dimension of genetic variability. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) have been extensively used in the studies including genetic characterization of many plant species. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation in 22 faba bean genotypes, 18 of which were originated from International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and 4 of which were cultivated genotypes in Turkey, using SSR markers. Of 41 SSR markers used, 25 produced bands. As a result of SSR amplification, a total of 39 bands, 25 of which were polymorphic and 14 of which were monomorphic, were obtained. The mean gene diversity and polymorphism information content values were 0.27 and 0.24, respectively. The faba bean genotypes cultivated in Turkey had greater genetic diversity than those that originated from ICARDA. The faba bean genotypes FLIP10- and FLIP03- were successfully separated, using the un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic average dendrogram constructed via Jaccard similarity coefficients. These results were further supported by factor analysis substantially. The results indicated that there is sufficient genetic diversity among the tested faba bean genotypes (especially cultivated in Turkey) and could be used in faba bean breeding programmes.


There is no equipment on a containership that so directly affects the safety and economy of operation as its container securing systems. Developments in twistlocks, cellguides, and lashing control computer programs are reviewed.


The implementation of sustainable development principles in contemporary economic thinking has generated the conceptual remodeling that expresses the new mechanisms of the economy. Thus, the concept of circular economy meet the theoretical representation of an economic system oriented towards the re-use of waste as raw materials and limiting the production of waste that cannot come back into the economic circuit. Circular economy is one that involves even its concept of operation, recovery and regeneration, as much as possible of resources, aiming to preserve, at the highest level, the value and usefulness of products, components and raw materials, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles. In this way, we can find solutions for two major issues affecting today's economy: the limited nature of resources and the pollution generated by the waste resulting from economic activities.


In order to mine the data of "campus card" system, a campus information analysis system based on Spark is designed. The front end of the system is developed using the Django framework. The front end of the system is developed using the Django framework, and the data processing uses the Spark distributed framework, and the results of the analysis by way of chart visual feedback to the user, so as to realize data preprocessing, data analysis, data presentation and other functions.


I Transport of indigenous bacteria through sandy aquifer sediments was investigated in forcedand natural-gradient tracer tests. A diverse population of bacteria was collected and concentrated from groundwater a t the site, stained with a DNA-specific fluorochrome, and injected back into the aquifer. Included with the injectate were a conservative tracer (Bror C1-) and bacteria-sized (0.2-1.3-pm) microspheres having carboxylated, carbonyl, or neutral surfaces. Transport of stained bacteria and all types and size classes of microspheres was evident. In the naturalgradient test, both surface characteristics and size of microspheres affected attenuation. Surface characteristics had the greatest effect upon retardation. Peak breakthrough of DAPI-stained bacteria (forced-gradient experiment) occurred well in advance of bromide at the more distal sampler. Transport behavior of bacteria was substantially different from that of carboxylated microspheres of comparable size.


from Department of Neurology with the diagnosis of syncope. On physical examination, he had a moist warm skin. His electrocardiogram (ECG) showed complete AV block (Fig. 1). Echocardiography was normal. His thyroid function tests revealed that he had hyperthyroidism (Free triiodtironine: 5.1 pg/ml, free thyroxine: 2.9 ng/dl, thyroid stimulating hormone: 0.005 μIUg/ml). After establishing the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, propylthiouracil, qid was started. Next day the rhythm was AFL (Fig. 2). On day 3, the rhythm converted into sinus rhythm (Fig. 3). He had sinus rhythm with no rhythm disturbance with three-month follow up. In conclusion, we report a case with hyperthyroidism presenting with syncope. His initial ECG showed complete AV block. The rhythm converted into AFL after 1 day of initiation of propylthiouracil, and into sinus after 2 days of initiation of propylthiourasil.


The level of fines imposed by the European Commission in competition cases has attracted controversy for more than ten years. The often deferential approach of the European courts to hearing…


This article analyses the impact of DG on the distribution grid arc. As arc resistance is a non-linear function of the fault current,it further presents a new iterative algorithm and uses this algorithm and IEEE34 power distribution network to calculate fault current and arc resistance of the distribution system with DG. It analyses the factors affecting the fault characteristics of the distribution network with DG,and gives suggestions on how to raise the safety of the distribution network.


Ab initio effective core potentials (ECP's) have been generated to replace the innermost core electron for third‐row (K–Au), fourth‐row (Rb–Ag), and fifth‐row (Cs–Au) atoms. The outermost core orbitals—corresponding to the ns2np6 configuration for the three rows here—are not replaced by the ECP but are treated on an equal footing with the nd, (n+1)s and (n+1)p valence orbitals. These ECP's have been derived for use in molecular calculations where these outer core orbitals need to be treated explicitly rather than to be replaced by an ECP. The ECP's for the forth and fifth rows also incorporate the mass–velocity and Darwin relativistic effects into the potentials. Analytic fits to the potentials are presented for use in multicenter integral evaluation. Gaussian orbital valence basis sets are developed for the (3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p), (4s, 4p, 4d, 5s, 5p), and (5s, 5p, 5d, 6s, 6p) ortibals of the three respective rows.


Observations acquired from 16 years of experience working for a vendor of fault-tolerant computer systems are presented, along with two "war stories" that illustrate some of the principles.


Title of Thesis: INFORMATION CAPACITY AND POWER EFFICIENCY IN OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIERS Suvarcha Malhotra, Master of Science, 2003 Thesis directed by: Professor Pamela A. Abshire Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Information capacity is a fundamental and quantitative bound on the ability of a physical system to communicate information. The capacity depends only on the physical properties of the channel, such as bandwidth, noise, and constraints on the signal values; it does not depend on specific tasks for which the channel may be used. Real analog systems possess intrinsic physical noise such as thermal noise and flicker noise and inevitably suffer degradation of information content. We investigate the information transmission and information-power efficiency of an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). We present empirical results for the information capacity of an integrated OTA and compare these results with our theoretical model. We notice a significant increase in information content if the system is operated in spectral regions with higher frequency and lower noise level. INFORMATION CAPACITY AND POWER EFFICIENCY IN OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIERS by Suvarcha Malhotra Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2003 Advisory Committee: Professor Pamela A. Abshire, Chair Professor Ralph Etienne-Cummings Professor Timothy Horiuchi Professor Elisabeth Smela Copyright by Suvarcha Malhotra 2003


Corrosion of aluminum alloy fuel cladding in ultra-high-flux research reactors such as the advanced neutron source (ANS) may pose special temperature and structural problems associated with the build-up of reaction products during the lifetime of the core. Earlier research, mostly in support of the high-flux isotope reactor (HFIR) and the advanced test reactor (ATR), has indicated that under extreme heat transfer conditions, the exposure of aluminum and many aluminum alloys typically leads to the growth of an adherent oxidation product of significant thickness. At the anticipated high-heat flux levels for the ANS core, the presence of this low-thermal-conductivity film between the fuel plate and the cooling water may, in certain instances, lead to excessive heating of the plate. To ensure that both the fuel and cladding integrity are maintained for the unique conditions imposed on the ANS fuel plates, an experimental facility was constructed to examine this type of corrosion behavior for a wide range of thermal-hydraulic conditions. Results to date are discussed.


Management of Renewable Static Synchronous Generation units based on Synchronous Power Controller (RSSG-SPC), not only provides grid synchronization without using PLL and gives proper dynamic to output active power, moreover yields simple solution to overcome technical constraints on these units. Control of active power level injected to the grid is one of these key constraints which can overcome by an Active Power Limiter (APL). In this work, an APL designed based on the classic power equation is proposed for this kind of modern RSSG-SPCs. Primary Simulink analysis and real time test results confirm that suggested APL can control and limit both maximum and minimum level of output active power for several grid connection cases.


Full and partial transfer results of trip-production models among intercity, intracity, and intraregional locations are reported in this paper. Nineteen models were transferred 208 times among the locations. The variety of transfer conditions and number of transfers permitted inferences to be drawn on the conditions influencing transferability. It was observed that the quality of local data seriously affects the ability to discern transferability, and may account for the variable results observed in the literature. It was also observed that model quality and income affect transferability. For all transfers conducted in this study, the transferred models explained an average of 57% of the variation in trip-making behavior explained by locally estimated models. When locally estimated constants were used to replace transferred constants in the model, the transfer models explained, on average, 87% of the variation in trip-making behavior explained by locally estimated models. It was concluded that the adjustment of transfer-model parameters with local information (partial transfer) has the potential to improve transferability to such an extent that the need to predict transferability becomes redundant.


James Currey Publishers, Box 242, 266 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7DL, UK 312 pages, softcover and hardcover ISBN 978-0-85255-990-1 (softcover), 978-0-85255-991-8 (hardcover). Price £17.95 (softcover), £50.00 (hardcover) African Journal of Range & Forage Science 2010, 27(2): 115–116