Korea Purpose: This study was to investigate the differences abdominal muscles activities of according to hip adductor contraction levels 20% (mild), 50% (moderate), and 70% (strong) of MVIC on during bilateral lower extremity raising exercise on supine. Methods: The subjects of the study were a total of 39 persons including 23 healthy males and 16 females, who performed bilateral lower extremity raising exercise in 20%, 50%, 70% MVIC hip contraction. Muscle activities were measured by using S-EMG in RA (rectus abdominis), IO (internal oblique), and EO (external oblique). Results: Muscle activity of the internal oblique abdominal muscle and external oblique abdominal muscle, their activities were also greatest with the adductor contraction size at 70% and there was statistically significant difference when compared with the adductor contraction size at 20% and 50% (p<0.05). As for the rectus abdominis muscle according to the size of contraction of the adductor was greatest at 70%, without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: bilateral lower extremity raising with strong hip joint adductor contraction was effective exercise to strengthen abdominal muscles. If subjects could not perform strong hip adductor contraction, moderate contraction is effective abdominal muscle contraction exercise. The contraction size of the adductor is small, weak contraction may trigger middle level contraction and therefore appropriate application of the exercise program of bilateral leg raising may result in great effect as a lumbar stabilization


Case 1. —History. —Man, aged 37, white, merchant, height 5 feet 11 inches, weight 150 pounds, with unimportant family history, has had the ordinary diseases of childhood. He contracted gonorrhea eighteen years ago, which ran a protracted course. He had a crop of venereal warts which were cut off. Twelve years ago, his legs swelled, and his arms and legs were cold all the time. He had great trouble keeping warm. Accompanying these symptoms, a white urethral discharge, tenderness in the right hypochondrium, and pains in the lower abdomen developed. He was disturbed at night by painful and tingling sensations in the right arm. While at work he suffered from paroxysms of pain of a dull boring character, located in the epigastrium. These continued at semimonthly and monthly intervals over a period of two years, when deep jaundice developed. Following one of these attacks, in 1911, he was taken to


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionThe pension system in Poland was reformed at the end of the XX century. Due to this original reform, the defined benefit plan was replaced by the defined contribution one. The new pension system consisted of two mandatory pillars: Social Insurance Institution (SII), representing the pay-as-you-go system (PAYG) and open pension funds (OPF), representing fully founded system. The third voluntary founded pillar completed this system.The reform of the pension system was very profound but it suffered from several shortcomings. The main problem has been the permanent shortage of funds to pay the pension benefits, what causes the increase of the budget deficit. The criticism of the pension system functioning resulted in the essential transformation of the system, concerning: (1) the distribution of the retirement contribution between the SII and the OPF, (2) the retirement age, and (3) the pension funds functioning, among others.The new law (which went into affect in February 2014) shifted 51.5% of the assets, held by the OPFs (about 150 billion PLN1) to the state-run PAYG pension system (i.e. to the SII), including all debt securities issued and guaranteed by the State Treasury. According to the new regulations, the second founded pillar became no longer obligatory. There was an automatic transfer of the retirement contributions to the SII, instead of the OPF, unless an individual OPF member files a declaration2 requesting his/her contributions to be transferred to the selected OPF. Now the contribution, which goes to a chosen private fund, is only 2.92 percent of the individual's income. In the original reform it was 7.3%, i.e. the contribution collected by Social Insurance Institution was 1.7 of the contribution collected by pension funds. At present this proportion is 5.7 for the individuals who decided to transfer the part of their pension contribution to the OPF. Also all employees, in the age equals the official retirement age reduced by ten years and higher, must transfer all their pension contribution to the SII.Overhaul of the pension system also concerns changes in the OPFs' investment portfolio since private pension funds have no longer been allowed to invest in government bonds. That will leave the pension funds with most of their assets held in shares of the companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and give them an increasingly peripheral role in the future retirement benefits of Poles. However the pension funds operating in Poland became allowed to increase the share of foreign investments in their portfolios, what may cause the capital outflow from the Polish market. Further outflow of funds from OPFs or lack of inflow will result from the gradual transfer of each person's retirement funds managed by OPF to SII, which will start ten years before reaching retirement age3.The changes, which took place in the years 2011 and 2014, have been considered (by the government) necessary to lower Poland's budgetary deficit. Many specialists call these changes the "significant step backward"4, un-privatizing the pension system5 or even the most drastic nationalization of private assets since Soviet times6. However, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk claimed "it is no more than a bookkeeping change in the way to handle the public's retirement money" (Bilefsky, Zurawik, 2013).The new regulations, introduced in 2014, will lead to a change in the composition of assets' portfolios managed by OPFs not only due to the forced transfer of assets to SII but also due to new rules applicable to OPF investment activities. According to Polish Financial Supervision Authority7, shares of Treasury bonds and equity instruments in the OPFs' portfolios in 2013 were the biggest among all instruments and nearly equal i.e. 42% and 43%, respectively. At present pension funds are not allowed to invest in Treasury Bonds thus they will look for other instruments for investments, also abroad. …


Four patients with tetralogy of Fallot syndrome, whose physical and x-ray findings were distinctly unusual, are presented in this report. All these patients were demonstrated to have functional or anatomic atresia of one of the main pulmonary arteries, in addition to the characteristic features of the tetralogy of Fallot. Diagnostic criteria, including angiocardiograms, are presented, and the therapeutic implications are discussed.


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INTRODUCTION The small brown planthopper hibernates as the 4th instar larvae among weeds grown near the paddy fields, and the adults appear in early spring. A short day length, e.g. 8 hours, during the whole developmental period induces a retardation of development in the 3rd, 4th and 5th larval, stage, especially presenting a clear elongation of the 4th larval period (MIYAKE, 1932, 1951: KISIMOTO, 1956). But, the arrest of development in the 4th larval stage which is considered to be a true diapause (MIYAKE, 1932 etc.) is never sustained for such a long period as usual in other insects entering diapause in the egg or pupal stage. In fact, even in a short day length of 8 hours the 4th moulting occurs gradually among the insects considered to be in diapause and after a certain duration of the 5th larval stage adults emerge, showing a large variation of developmental period. It was also revealed that the growht was accelerated whenever the larvae kept under a short photoperiod were transferred to a long photoperiod (KISIMOTO, 1956). Dendrolimus pini which hibernates as larva displays the similar diapause (DANILYEVSKY, 1948; GAYSPITZ, 1949; LEES, 1955). The arrest of growth remains under the imminent control of day length throughout the period of dormancy, and growth is again resumed if the diapausing larvae are kept in appropriate photoperiods. The diapause in the larval stage seems to differ from the ordinary cases, not confining itself to certain Lepidoptera. But details of the phenomenon are remained to be solved. The author acknowledges the advice of Prof. S. Utida of this laboratory.


The floral biology of Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.was investigated in a seed orchard at Shadui Town,Jiangmen City,Guangdong Province with the flower morphology observed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A.auriculiformis flowered from August to December.Its spike inflorescence consisted of 114.9±11.9 flowers,bearing 124.1±16.5 anthers in each flower.Within each anther existed eight pollen sacs,and eight polyads were produced with 16 pollen grains in each.It thus accounted of 15885 grains per flower.The pistil contained an average of 14.4±1.8 ovules with a smooth,wet stigma and a solid style.Pollen to ovule ratio(P/O) was 1103.1.Anthesis normally began at night and the whole process of flowering could be divided into 5 stages.The phenomena that style emerged from flower bud before stamen and that stamen emerged firstly were all observed during anthesis at different trees,which was inferred that A.auriculiformis was homogamous.As observed under SEM,anther began to dehisce along dehiscent line at stage 2,and completely opened at stage 4.Abundant polyads were released between 9: 00 and 12: 00.The stigma exudate emerged apparently during the first half-day after anthesis and then decreased gradually.Stigmas started to wilt at 3~4 days after anthesis.The stigma receptivity lasted about 3 days and the peak of receptivity began after 10: 00 at the first day.


Abstract A new post-harvest storage disease was observed on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Zhejiang Province, China in November 2014. A species of Boeremia was constantly isolated from diseased tissues with typical symptoms of storage tuber rot. The isolates were identified as Boeremia exigua based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 5.8S ribosomal DNA, the 28S large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene, the β-tubulin (TUB) gene and the actin (ACT) gene. The pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was confirmed through inoculation experiments. This is the first report of Boeremia tuber rot caused by B. exigua on sweet potato in China.


Cloud providers rely on fault-tolerance mechanisms to realize high-availability services on best-effort infrastructure. Service replication limits the data-loss caused by failure, at the expense of additional operational costs. Recently, with the advent of Mobile Edge Computing, cloud environments are becoming increasingly heterogeneous and dynamic, by the incorporation of (very) unreliable and resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we investigate how to devise an economically viable replication strategy, for a given service on a particular cloud environment. Previous work either focused on finding replication strategies for stateless services, ignoring recovery processes and correlated failures, or considered system dynamics, while lacking Service Level Agreement (SLA)-awareness. We approach the replica management problem as a run-time revenue maximization problem. Our proposed Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm can generate the optimal replication strategy over the application lifetime. Through extensive simulations, we show that our algorithm significantly improves provider revenue over a wide range of cloud- and SLA-conditions, and adapt its strategy to evolving operating conditions. The results show that coupling dynamic failure models with SLA-awareness can lead to profitable replication strategies, even in cases where providers currently turn a loss.


Salt stress is the most significant abiotic stress that can severely limit crop growth and productivity. This problem gets worse in the context of climate change. The Knowledge of genetic pool behavior under such environmental constraints is imperative for growing and research. Here, we tested salt stress tolerance in six barley varieties ('Amira', 'Oussama', 'Tamellalet', 'Adrar', 'Taffa', and 'Laanaceur'). To this end, a set of biochemical parameters (chlorophylls, proline, sodium, potassium levels and K+/Na+ ratio) were measured. Salt constraint significantly reduced chlorophyll content and K+/Na+ but resulted in high records of proline and Na+. Our outcomes show that treatment was the main variability since it explained more than 75% in data variability followed by variety effect. Wide variabilities were found among varieties for the measured parameters. Higher proline levels and K+/Na+ were found in 'Adrar', 'Tamellalet' and 'Taffa'. These two later varieties also displayed a higher record of K+. Lower Na+ values were recorded in 'Laanaceur', 'Taffa', and 'Tamellalet', indicating their relative resistance against salt stress. In contrast, 'Oussama' and 'Amira' were relatively salt-sensitive due to their higher Na+ and lowered K+/Na+ and proline content. Resistant varieties could represent a good background for breeding for barley salt tolerance.


Background/Objectives: The text mining would help finding information to the users in the enormous documents. The text mining has been actively developed and utilized in various fields, mainly English-based document, but Study on the Korean text mining has been relatively limited. The importance of the Korean text mining has emerged with increasing big data including Korean text data, the needs for the intensive study and application of Big Data are increasing. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study, we compared the performance of these classifications by applying the method of Bayesian methods, k-NN, decision trees, SVM, and as a neural network in classification of unstructured newspaper article into given categories. Findings: In the experiment result, the SVM model has a high F-measure value relative to other models, and has shown stable results in the classification information and recall rate. Also, this model showed a high F-measure value in the classification of a more granular list. Application/Improvements: The methods of k-nn and decision tree show slightly lower performance than SVM, they are turned out to be appropriate models using classification problem cause of having advantages to easy interpretation and short learning time.


DISSERTATION Three Essays in Applied Microeconomics: " Growing up in a steel town: Early-life pollution exposure and later-life mortality " " 'Tell all the truth, but tell it slant': Testing models of media bias " " Behavioral mechanism design: Evidence from the modified first-price auctions " FIELDS OF STUDY Participated in course development, provided suggestions for lectures, assignments, and course organization; prepared examinations and homeworks,


The drinking rate of water, and the ingestion- and assimilation rates of algae in yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic halibut were examined by use of3H-dextran and14C-labelled algae. The drinking rate throughout the yolk-sac stage was in the range of 7–160 nl per larva h−1, with a slight increase towards the end of the period. The ingestion rate of algae (Tetraselmis sp.) was very low before day 30 and showed a peak between day 43 and 48 at 5° C. The assimilation efficiency of the algae was in the range of 1-5%. The clearance rate of algae was 100–1000 times higher than the drinking rate, and was correlated to the distance between the gill arches. Bigger cells were more effectively retained than smaller ones. The results suggested that the larvae acted as filter feeders from day 30 up to the point when they are expected to start feeding on bigger prey.


In order to investigate the roof control at the goaf-side entry of a full-mechanized top-coal caving face,a study at the tailgate of 3203 face with fully-mechanized top-coal caving operation is conducted.The stress evolvement process of surrounding rock and small pillars at tailgate with a 5m coal pillar is simulated with FLAC3D calculation program.Under the conditions of without roof support and with roof support,the stress distribution characteristics of roof,floor and rib are analyzed.The displacement characteristics of tailgate and the failure evolvement of goaf-side entry are also compared.The analysis results show that the deformation of surrounding rock is controlled efficiently by rockbolt (or cable),and the loose range of surrounding rock after support is controlled and limited within the anchor range.The study provides a theoretical and practical basis for stabilization of goaf-side entry at a fully-mechanized top-coal caving operation.


This paper presents the electricity generation of wood biomass. We can efficiently generate the energy out of biomass with Combined Heat and Power (CHP) technologies. For this task, a gas-engine set or a gas-turbine is the most popular method. With the basis of CHP generation, is that we produce useful heat and electricity in one technical cycle. If we generate electricity and thermal energy in one technical cycle, we can reduce the carbondioxide emission per kWh energy and the source of energy used.


We have demonstrated for the first time in our knowledge optical label-based wavelength switching and packet drop over actual field fiber. We have shown SCM-formatted optical labeling transmission with less than 2 dB power penalty for both label and payload over 476 km of fiber. The optical label switching achieves packet drop and re-transmission of the remaining packet.


Testing and analysis of a profiled leading edge groove tilting pad journal bearing developed for light load operation is described. This bearing was designed for a generic, small, high speed steam turbine operating at projected loads of less than 25 psi (172.4 kPa) and joumal surface speeds to 400 ftIs (122 m/s). On the second turbine application, a rotor instability was experienced with the oil flowrate reduced to optimize bearing steady state performance. This instability was eliminated by machining a taper on the exit side of the feed groove on each pad. At the reduced flowrate, the profiled groove bearing greatly improved the operating characteristics of the rotor system by reducing vibration amplitudes and stabilizing operation at speed. This paper is divided into two sections. The first section com pares the rotordynamics analysis with test data that shows improved ,unbalance response and operating stability with the profiled groove bearing. The second section provides original insight of the effect of the profiled geometry on the bearing flow field using computational fluid dynamics models.


BACKGROUND
The etiology of endometriosis is not well understood. Limited evidence suggests that dietary factors influence risk, but prospective data related to carbohydrate, fiber, and gluten consumption are scarce. Despite this, recommendations concerning fiber, gluten intake and endometriosis are pervasive in the lay literature.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality (glycemic index [GI] and glycemic load [GL]), fiber intake (total, legume, vegetable, cruciferous vegetable, fruit, cereal), and gluten intake and incident laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis.

METHODS
A prospective cohort study using data collected from 81,961 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II (mean age = 36 in 1991). Diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire every four years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS
3,810 incident cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were reported over 24 years of follow-up. Women in the highest quintile of GI had 12% (95% CI = 1.01-1.23, ptrend = 0.03) higher risk of endometriosis diagnosis than those in the lowest quintile. Total vegetable and cruciferous vegetable fiber intake were also associated with higher risk (highest vs lowest quintile RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.24, ptrend = 0.004; RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.29, ptrend = 0.02; respectively). Higher intake of fruit fiber was associated with lower risk of endometriosis but the association was not significant after adjusting for AHEI. Gluten intake was also associated with lower risk (highest vs lowest quintile = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.80-1.02, ptrend = 0.01), but these results were not consistent in direction nor statistical significance across sensitivity analyses. No association was observed for GL, total, legume, or cereal fiber intake.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that carbohydrate quality and specific types of fiber - total vegetable and cruciferous vegetable fiber - are associated with endometriosis diagnosis in premenopausal women. These results also indicate it is unlikely that gluten intake is a strong factor in the etiology or symptomatology of endometriosis.


The influence of the highly oblique plate convergence at the northern Lesser Antilles onto the margin strain partitioning and deformation pattern, although frequently invoked, has never been clearly imaged. The Anegada Passage is a set of basins and deep valleys, regularly related to the southern boundary of the Puerto Rico‐Virgin Islands (PRVI) microplate. Despite the publications of various tectonic models mostly based on bathymetric data, the tectonic origin and deformation of this Passage remains unconstrained in the absence of deep structure imaging. During cruises Antithesis 1 and 3 (2013–2016), we recorded the first deep multichannel seismic images and new multibeam data in the northern Lesser Antilles margin segment in order to shed a new light on the structure and tectonic pattern of the Anegada Passage. We image the northeastern extent of the Anegada Passage, from the Sombrero Basin to the Lesser Antilles margin front. Our results reveal that this northeastern segment is an EW trending left‐stepping en échelon strike‐slip system that consists of the Sombrero and Malliwana pull‐apart basins, the Malliwana and Anguilla left‐lateral faults, and the NE‐SW compressional restraining bend at the Malliwana Hill. Reviewing the structure of the Anegada Passage, from the south of Puerto Rico to the Lesser Antilles margin front, reveals a polyphased tectonic history. The Anegada Passage is formed by a NW‐SE extension, possibly related to the rotation or escape of PRVI block due to collision of the Bahamas Bank. Currently, it is deformed by an active WNW‐ESE strike‐slip deformation associated to the shear component of the strain partitioning resulting from the subduction obliquity.


This paper investigates the relationship between early life biological and social characteristics, and later life relationship status, and mortality risk for Swedish men and women over 50 born 1915 ...


The technology is growing at the moment strongly supporting the needs of an agency. It's for realizing the effectiveness and efficiency as well as in improving services to the public. Especially systems that can assist in providing information and decisions in selecting of the best employee / role model to spur the employee performance. Department of Investment and Integrated Services One Stop Kebumen is one in which government agencies in determining the best employee / exemplary still running manual. There are several obstacles that occur in the process of employee assessment and the possibility of inaccurate assessment performed by employees. Of the reasons  the author tries to provide alternatives troubleshooting's is to build the human resources system using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) with the aim of selecting the best employee / department exemplary in investment and one door integrated services Kebumen district. With the Human Resources Information System Using Method of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) can help decisions in selecting the best employee / exemplary at the Department of Investment and Integrated Services One Stop Kebumen.


The currently applied maintenance strategies, including Reactive and Preventive maintenance can be considered obsolete. The constant improvements in Information and Communication Technologies as well as in Digital Technologies along with the increase of computational power, have facilitated the development of new Artificial Intelligence algorithms to integrate cognition in computational systems. This trend is posing a great challenge for engineers, as such developments will enable the creation of robust systems that can monitor the current status of the machines and by extension to predict unforeseeable situations. Furthermore, Smart Computers will be capable of examining all possible scenarios and suggest viable solutions in a fraction of time compared to humans. Therefore, in this paper, the modelling, design and development of a Predictive Maintenance and Remote Monitoring system are proposed, based on the utilization of Artificial Intelligence algorithms for data acquisition, fusion, and post-processing. In addition to that, the proposed framework will integrate a Mixed Reality application for the intuitive visualization of the data, that will ultimately facilitate production and maintenance engineers to monitor the condition of the machines, and most importantly to get an accurate prediction of the oncoming failures.


Thermal design for electronic devices approached through the solution analysis of the Inverse Heat Transfer Problem (IHTP) has not been extensively explored. This article proposes an alternative strategy and a contrasting approach for the optimal inverse parameters' estimation of heat transfer systems, particularly in designing heat sinks. A framework to tackle a Rectangular Microchannel Heat Sink (RMCHS) design modeled by the Entropy Generation Minimization (EGM) criterion is developed. This framework comprises two strategies to be compared. The serial proposal works sequentially depending on the parameters' sensitivity into the RMCHS model, backpropagating estimated parameters to all processes. The parallel strategy processes all parameters simultaneously. Instead of focusing efforts on a typical optimization process, a sequential procedure takes advantage of the most influential parameters in the heat sink model and the excellent exploration-exploitation rate of Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms (MOAs). The most sensitive design variables are prioritized in the serial strategy. The implemented estimation-optimization strategies are addressed through an IHTP's inverse analysis. Thereby, global MOAs are implemented to solve the specific application and become an alternative to the gradient-based methods when their efficiency and effectiveness are at stake. MOAs show overall relative errors related to minimal entropy generation rate inferior to 0.07% for data with 30 dB of SNR and less than 7.63% of error for data with 10 dB of SNR compared with the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Numerical results show that serial strategy provided a stable and reliable design solution even with contaminated data, obtaining better performances than the multiparametric strategy. Additionally, parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used to validate the appropriate optimization algorithm and the most reliable strategy. The statistical tests confirmed the optimal-inverse problem estimation and optimization improvement by combining the serial strategy and analyzed MOAs to design the RMCHS based on the EGM criterion.


In the palace of the world P.E. culture, either the P.E. of the Ancient Greece Olympic Games or the China Spring-Autumn and Warring States Period has its important status. The former is the origin of western culture. And the latter is the beginnings of the Chinese conventional P.E. culture .They are simultaneous in chronicle. But due to different social culture background and the differences in race, political and economical institution, religion, immolation and education, they had formed totally different P.E. forms. When the globalization becomes the main tide of modern world culture, the western sports originated from the Ancient Greece Olympic Games and China traditional P.E. are merging and developing together, amplifying the contents of the world culture.


To determine the relationship between fire severity and tree seedling estab- lishment, we investigated landscape pattern and composition, fire history, and tree seedling establishment on recent natural burns in Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis) forests of Crater Lake National Park in the southern Oregon Cascade Range. Fire severity classes, defined by basal area mortality, were mapped on three burned sites (29-197 ha). Variation in fire severity contributed to a landscape mosaic of patches with varying size, shape, forest stand structure, and tree species' composition. Post-fire tree regeneration was numerically dominated by red fir in all fire severity classes, but seedling establishment and growth varied among severity classes. Density of red fir seedlings was highest in low- and moderate-severity patches, and lower in high-severity patches and unburned areas. Height growth of red fir seedlings increases with fire severity. Variations in fire severity in red fir forests appear to be a major influence on post-fire stand structure and species composition, successional pathways, and resulting landscape patterns. Our results suggest that drought may be an important mortality agent controlling red fir regeneration on these burned sites. Red fir seedling establishment occurs in pulses, usually 3-4 yr after fire.


A procedure has been developed to perform automatic inversion of HLEM frequency soundings by the method of Backus and Gilbert (BG). Using a linearized iterative scheme, a layered conductivity is constructed satisfying the available soundings to an accuracy consistent with the observational uncertainties. Subsequently, in order to investigate the resolving power of the data and hence (hopefully) to determine the broad scale features which are common to all conductivity models which satisfy the data, BG average conductivities are computed for the constructed model at a number of depths. In examples with both synthetic data and field data these averages proved to be identical (except for random error) to the corresponding average conductivities computed for a number of different models satisfying the same data. The additional models for this analysis were generated by maximizing or minimizing the conductivities of individual layers in the original constructed model using linear programming techniques. On the...


Let $\Omega$ be a Lipschitz domain in $\mathbb R^n,n\geq 3,$ and $L=\divt A\nabla$ be a second order elliptic operator in divergence form. We will establish that the solvability of the Dirichlet regularity problem for boundary data in Hardy-Sobolev space $\HS$ is equivalent to the solvability of the Dirichlet regularity problem for boundary data in $H^{1,p}$ for some $1<p<\infty$. This is a "dual result" to a theorem in \cite{DKP09}, where it has been shown that the solvability of the Dirichlet problem with boundary data in $\text{BMO}$ is equivalent to the solvability for boundary data in $L^p(\partial\Omega)$ for some $1<p<\infty$.


This work summarizes the actions taken in agricultural mechanization, a third year course in agricultural engineering, to enhance reflective learning and deep thinking in a variety of dimensions: depth of technical background, improving student performance, and enrichment of lecturer evaluation.


SUMMARY The present work was carried out in the region of "Zona da Mata-MG", Brazil, during three months. Sixteen crossbreed cows and nineteen Holstein-Friesian cows from four herds were used. The work aimed to characterize coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. from those animals. The mammary quarters which reacted positive with the California Mastitis test on four consecutive weeks were sampled. A total of 166 strains were isolated. The identified species and the percentage of isolation were as follows: S. epidermidis (71.55%), S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes (6.03%), S. simulans (6.03%), S. warneri (4.31%), S. hominis (3.45%), S. cohnii (3.45%), S. sciuri (3.45%) and S. haemolyticus (1.73%).


China has more than seven-thousand-year history of ceramics, in the course of which it forms distinctive style of ceramics culture. Ceramics has been more and more attractive as one artistic school with special style. The paper studies on ceramics technique in order to help people know of and extend the culture of ceramics.


Privatisation to employees has been common in privatisation processes in Estonia and elsewhere in transition economies, but the available evidence suggests that employee ownership is declining. In this paper, I use the concept of 'degeneration' from the literature of worker co-operatives in explaining the decline. In the first part of the paper, I draw from the literature of complementarities in firm performance and apply the argument to the problem of stability of ownership structures. In the second part of the paper, I use evidence from management interviews and employee questionnaire from six Estonian enterprises with employee ownership.


The present article deals with the civil rights of foreigners living in the border regions willing to access the Brazilian Health System (SUS), and on which level they entitled to this right. Initially it is presented, succinctly, the geography features of the Brazilian borders, the dynamics and the flows that take place in the border region, Further ahead, identifies differentiated interpretations of the operators of the legal right in relation to the foreigner legal right related the Brazilian Health System (SUS), having as an object of study two cases that shows the discrepancy of understanding regarding this rights. At the end, a reflection on legislation in the light of Human Rights.


The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway safeguards genomic stability through cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. The canonical tumor suppressive role of FA proteins in the repair of DNA damage during interphase is well established, but their function in mitosis is incompletely understood. Here, we performed a kinome‐wide synthetic lethality screen in FANCA−/− fibroblasts, which revealed multiple mitotic kinases as necessary for survival of FANCA‐deficient cells. Among these kinases, we identified the depletion of the centrosome kinase SIK2 as synthetic lethal upon loss of FANCA. We found that FANCA colocalizes with SIK2 at multiple mitotic structures and regulates the activity of SIK2 at centrosomes. Furthermore, we found that loss of FANCA exacerbates cell cycle defects induced by pharmacological inhibition of SIK2, including impaired G2‐M transition, delayed mitotic progression, and cytokinesis failure. In addition, we showed that inhibition of SIK2 abrogates nocodazole‐induced prometaphase arrest, suggesting a novel role for SIK2 in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Together, these findings demonstrate that FANCA‐deficient cells are dependent upon SIK2 for survival, supporting a preclinical rationale for targeting of SIK2 in FA‐disrupted cancers.


Automatic polyp segmentation models play a pivotal role in the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. In previous studies, most methods relied on fully supervised approaches, necessitating pixel-level annotations for model training. However, the creation of pixel-level annotations is both expensive and time-consuming, impeding the development of model generalization. In response to this challenge, we introduce ScribblePolyp, a novel scribble-supervised polyp segmentation framework. Unlike fully-supervised models, ScribblePolyp only requires the annotation of two lines (scribble labels) for each image, significantly reducing the labeling cost. Despite the coarse nature of scribble labels, which leave a substantial portion of pixels unlabeled, we propose a two-branch consistency alignment approach to provide supervision for these unlabeled pixels. The first branch employs transformation consistency alignment to narrow the gap between predictions under different transformations of the same input image. The second branch leverages affinity propagation to refine predictions into a soft version, extending additional supervision to unlabeled pixels. In summary, ScribblePolyp is an efficient model that does not rely on teacher models or moving average pseudo labels during training. Extensive experiments on the SUN-SEG dataset underscore the effectiveness of ScribblePolyp, achieving a Dice score of 0.8155, with the potential for a 1.8% improvement in the Dice score through a straightforward self-training strategy.


Objective To explore the microsurgical technique,the single nostril-sphenoid sinus approach,and therapeutic efficacy of pituitary adenoma.Methods The retrospective analysis was performed in 6 patients with pituitary adenoma treated by microsurgical technique through single nostril-sphenoid sinus approach.Results Average time of the operations is 65 minutes.Total removal was achieved in 4 cases,subtotal removal in 2 cases.All cases got better sight.Conclusion The single nostril-sphenoid sinus approach has an advantage of convenience and rapidness,lead to less injury and spend less time,especially for pituitary adenoma.


Standard practice for evaluating the performance of machine learning models for argument mining is to report different metrics such as accuracy or F1. However, little is usually known about the model's stability and consistency when deployed in real-world settings. In this paper, we propose a robustness evaluation framework to guide the design of rigorous argument mining models. As part of the framework, we introduce several novel robustness tests tailored specifically to argument mining tasks. Additionally, we integrate existing robustness tests designed for other natural language processing tasks and re-purpose them for argument mining. Finally, we illustrate the utility of our framework on two widely used argument mining corpora, UKP topic-sentences and IBM Debater Evidence Sentence. We argue that our framework should be used in conjunction with standard performance evaluation techniques as a measure of model stability.


Various kinds of desensitizing method have been tried in case of the operation of the dentine which is highly sensitive. Recently the author devised a new and simple desensitizing method of dentine, "ELECTRO-ANESTHESIA", only by means of weak direct current, and not by any anesthetica.PRINCIPLEIt has been well known that the direct current does not cause an irritation to the nerves, but causes the change in excitability while turning on a direct current, except when breaking or making the current, excitability increasing at the negative pole and its surrounding area while decreasing at the positive pole and its surrounding area (Electrotonus by Pfluger, 1859) . Application of this phenomena has been tried in anesthesia during minor operations at the end of the nineteenth century: A positive pole is fixed near to the operating field, while a negative pole is connected to the area far from the positive pole. Then a direct current is sent to both poles in order to decrease excitability of the operating field and to perform an electro-anesthesia and surgical operation.As the human body, however, is not so simple as a specimen of nerve and muscle, it is impossible to cause sufficient electrotonus jast at the operating field. Consequently this method could not be beyond the confines of theory and it has never been succeeded.Now the author devised a new method using a metallic surgical instrument as an electrode in order to obtain a successful electric potential in an operating field.TECHNICA positive pole from an electric source of D. C. is connected with an end of a handpiece and bur is used partly as an operating instrument during cavity preparation and partly as an electrode, while a negative pole, i.e., an indifferent electrode is connected, with the hand of a patient, (Fig. 3, 4.) . Then the routine operation is performed by a weak direct current such as about 4μA to 20μA being supplied from a D. C. source. (Fig. 5, 6.) .NOTICEThe following notices should be taken of:1. Decreasing an electric current, as we approach the, pulp chamber.2. Covering or painting a hand-piece and contra-angle with some isolating substances in order to keep from a leakage of the electric current.3. Keeping a good electric' connection between bur and hand-piece or contra-angle, using some kind of well-conducting lubricant, sich as potassium soap solution (10%) .4. Keeping a good electric connection between bur and tooth, using some harmless electrolytic solutions, such as procaine hydro-chloride etc..RESULT1) EffectOn 294 teeth of the 126 patients ( _??_59, _??_67, ) from 7 to 67 years, the author tried to make the cavity preparation by this method and obtained the following results: effective in 186 cases (91%) and ineffective in 18 cases (9%) .No case showed that the pain increased when the current had been on.2) Strength of the current which is effective to sud cient anesthesiaEach frequency curve expressing an effective strength of the current for anterior teeth, premolars, and molars (Figs, 8, 9, 10, ) did not show a normal form in distribution state. The curve for anterior teeth and premolars showed the maximum value at the point of 4μA., and that for molars showed two maximum values at the point of 4μA. and 10μA. It seemed that the curves of anterior teeth and premolars had possibility to show another maximum value at about 10μA.This technic can be applied not only to the dentin-desensitizing but also to anesthesia in case of incision of absesses, removal of serumal calculi, painful injections, and others.


This research, as a study on recognition, motivation of purchase and selection attribution of tteok, is aimed to formulate concept of purchasing motivation and selective attribution of tteok and to build marketing basic data about those subjects based on the theoretical background wit...


The purpose of this article is to assess whether the arguments advanced by a number of
countries of the European Union at the time of the conclusion of the Limitation Convention in
1974 and at the time of the amendment in 1980 for not becoming a party to this important
instrument of unification are still convincing today. For this purpose it is essential to have a
nodding acquaintance with the Convention. I shall also deal with private international law
aspects of the limitation of actions in the international sale of goods.


The effective heats of combustion of two commonly used transformer‐insulating fluids, a high molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid and a 50 cS silicone fluid, have been measured using a controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter. The study shows that the cone calorimeter is a good tool to measure the effective heats of combustion of transformer‐insulating fluids. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


IF THERE IS A SEA-CHANGE that has marked queer/sexuality studies in the past decades, it has been the turn to globalization, variously under stood through rubrics such as the transnational, geopolitical, interna tional, global, and diasporic. Even as the sign of globalization has been fervently (and occasionally shallowly) embraced by many scholars of sexuality, there has been an equal emphasis on understanding this turn to globalization as at once novel and familiar. That is, if globalization is to be broadly understood as a set of economic, social, and political practices that are transnational, then its emergence can hardly be termed "new," given that such practices have existed for many centuries. On the other hand, there is, as many scholars have argued, something extraordinary and "new" about the extent and rapaciousness of such practices in a post Fordist era, as nation-states both cede and appropriate ground in the face of new forms of globalization.1 For sexuality studies, this heightened focus on geopolitics, I want to suggest, has functioned more as a cautionary tale, as a reminder of its own tainted colonial genealogies, than as a moment of analytical surety. Sexuality studies, in all its disciplinary avatars, continually negotiates what it means to have a renewed conceptual intimacy with sites of alterity, previously mediated through racialized discourses of colonial anthropol


Drawing on pragmatist ideas proposed by John Dewey, the study elaborates the picture of information experience by examining how researchers have characterized the ways in which people receive, acquire and interpret sensory and cognitive-affective information. To this end, a conceptual analysis was conducted by concentrating on 43 studies pertinent to the topic. The findings indicate that so far, the construct of information experience has remained quite vague. This is mainly due to that experience - the fundamental constituent of information experience – has not been sufficiently reflected in the context of informational phenomena. Information experience studies have mainly contributed to information behaviour research by describing how people receive and acquire sensory information, while the picture of experiencing cognitive-affective information has remained quite vague. There are also gaps in studies examining how sensory and cognitive-affective information are interpreted as an integral part of information experience. The study also identifies topics of further research dealing with the elaboration of the construct of information experience.


heart of a culture." Can you further elaborate on what this means to you? A: A culture evolves the music it needs in order to reflect itself immediately and across time. Q: Thematically and musically, did you draw inspiration from works that you'd previously written? Can influences from this collection be found anywhere in your other Western themed works? A: These songs are the first of my art songs to explore the music of text within its own


The finite contact model of the clamp framework of the hydraulic impact test bench is constructed with ANSYS software. By the nonlinear contact analysis, it is verified that the design of the clamp framework is reasonable. Besides, under the given pressure produced by the clamp hydraulic cylinder, the clamp force is calculated out and so a reliable reference can be provided for designing the test bench.


In the UK many wind farms cause complaints of noise despite complying with control limits. Problems relate to reliance on the LA90 index, failure to consider or apply ratings on the context of the sound characteristics and actual human responses due to complex characteristics. In general in the UK low frequency and very low frequency sound effects are either ignored or denied. The complex interrelationship of features within this noise and difficulties in quantifying and qualifying noise impact and inappropriate comparison with other sources of noise renders the effects difficult to investigate or quantify with contradictory outcomes possible using the same data sets. Claim and counterclaim of health and adverse effects complicate the analysis. This paper explores some of the interrelating characteristics of wind farm noise measured and observed in the field that appear to influence complaints made by communities. Cumulative effects occurring in environments normally dominated by natural sounds and both audible and inaudible elements remain alien sounds which are not habituated to. It appears that sensitisation arises. The physical reason for the failure to appropriately identify modulating noise effects and in particular low frequency modulating noise problems are explored.


Abstract 1247 Introduction: Thrombomodulin is a thrombin receptor on the endothelial cell surface that plays an important role as a regulator of coagulation. Recombinant human thrombomodulin (rTM) is a promising anticoagulant that activates protein C, which leads to inactivation of factor (F) Va and FVIIIa and decreased thrombin formation. In addition, rTM is a novel anticoagulant with a long half-life. When compared with heparin therapy, rTM therapy more significantly improves DIC and alleviates bleeding symptoms in DIC patients. However, it is unknown as to whether or not the treatment with rTM affects patient9s outcome. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 103 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (except adult acute promyelocytic leukemia), and compared the outcomes between the patients with heparin therapy and with rTM. Methods: The diagnosis of de novo AML patients was based on the morphology, histopathology, cytogenetics, expression of leukocyte-differentiation antigens, and the French-American-British (FAB) classification. The patients examined in the current study (aged 18–84 years) were diagnosed with AML from January 2004 to March 2010. Patients younger than 65 years of age were treated with idarubicin (12 mg/m 2 per day) for 3 days (days 1–3) and cytarabine (100 mg/m 2 per day) by continuous infusion for 7 days (days 1–7). Patients 65 years of age or older were treated with daunorubicin (40 mg/m 2 per day) for 3 days (days 1–3) and 200 mg/m 2 per day behenoyl cytarabine for 8 days (days 1–8). The continuous infusion of dalteparin sodium (75 IU/kg per day) or recombinant human thrombomodulin (380 U/kg per day) was used to treat DIC. The diagnostic criteria for DIC previously proposed by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (JMHW) were employed in this study. The criteria are based on a scoring system including the presence of underlying disease (0 or 1 points), organ failure (0 or 1 points), and the results of coagulation tests of fibrinogen (0 to 2 points), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP, 0 to 3 points), and the prothrombin time (0 to 2 points). DIC is diagnosed when the DIC score is greater than 4. Comparisons between the qualitative variables were carried out using the χ 2 test. The survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in the survival distributions were evaluated using the log-rank test. These statistical analyses were performed with the software package Stata version 11 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). For all analyses, the P values were 2-tailed, and a P value less than.05 was considered to be significant. Results: DIC developed in 45 patients. 31 patients were treated with dalteparin sodium and 14 patients were treated with recombinant human thrombomodulin. The FAB subtypes, age distribution, major laboratory data (CBC, LDH, and CRP) were not significantly different between two groups. No patient died within 4 weeks after diagnosis who were treated with rTM. On the other hand, 3 patients died within 4 weeks after diagnosis who were treated with dalteparin sodium because of bleeding. The DIC resolution rates for the rTM and dalteparin sodium groups were 85.7 %( 12/14) and 67.7 %( 21/31). The overall survival was worse in the DIC group compared with the non- DIC group on the log-rank test (P=0.003). The overall survival was superior in the rTM group compared with dalteparin sodium group (P=0.016). Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with rTM is safe and efficient, when compared with dalteparin sodium. Based on this retrospective study, randomized control study could be attempted in the future. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The paper considers the flow field during spin-up from rest of liquid metal in a cylindrical stationary cavity due to a rotating transverse uniform low-frequency magnetic field. It is assumed that the Ekman and the magnetic Reynolds numbers are small. An approximate model, based on matching of Bödewadt-type layers with an inviscid core, with possible influence from the sidewall, for laminar flow is developed. It is shown that the angular velocity in the core is a function of time only. Analytical solutions for the angular velocity and the meridional flow in the core are presented, and supplemented by finite-difference results to show the sidewall effects. The spin-down following the switch-off of the magnetic forcing, the influence of the axial variations of the magnetic field, and the relevance to turbulent flows are discussed.


Professions are recognised occupations that require specialised knowledge, training, and skills. Entry into professions is gained through high level qualifications, such as university degrees. The theoretical knowledge base and profession-specific qualifications distinguish professions from other occupations and create a unique identity for them and their members. Professions have defined entry pathways that assist members who practise in the field (practitioners) to construct their professional identity. Governments regulate entry to some professions, such as teaching and psychology. Career development lacks the regulation of other professions and the entry pathway is less defined. This article considers the professional status of career development against a critical reflection on professions, professionalism and professionalisation, and professional identity construction. Potential implications of the differences between career development and other professions related to professional standards and regulation are discussed and questions posed about the construction of a professional identity for the field and its members.


The book of Job has traditionally has been regarded as a philosophical or theological treatise on the nature of faith of a just man in an unjust world. Read by a modern clinician, the book becomes a treatise on adaptation to illness and loss, on doctor-patient relationships, and on the role of belief systems in the coping process.

#### Summary points

Viewed by a modern clinician, the book of Job unfolds as possibly the earliest description of patients and their healers struggling to cope with loss and illness

Job's lament contains all the recognised stages and elements of adaptation to calamity

Job's friends take on the role of healers, but, failing to recognise his needs, they blame their "patient" for his misfortunes and end up in a cycle of escalating empathic failure that renders them helpless

The failure experienced by Job's "healers" is not uncommon in modern doctors, who fail to recognise their own fear of helplessness and their own defensiveness

The assumed presence of a deity can provide coherence out of confusion for modern patients, believers and non-believers alike, and help them through the adaptation process, just as it did for Job

The book of Job, like an ancient mirror, reflects both the frail and heroic features of humans, which have changed little through the ages

Job is a thriving livestock rancher, married, and the father of 10 children. Renowned for his piety, he is even praised by God in the angelic council. Satan, a sceptical archangel, offers an experiment to test whether Job's piety is really sincere or predicated on his God-given wealth. With God's permission, Satan sends a series of catastrophes, from economic disaster to the death of Job's children.

"The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away: blessed be the name of the Lord," responds Job, adding, "Naked …


In this study, we developed a system for mobile devices designed to provide a virtual experience of past scenery depicted in old photographs by superimposing them on landscapes in video see-through frames. A user is asked to capture a photograph of a landscape to be used as a keyframe and enter correspondence points between the new and old photos. The old photograph is deformed by projective transform with homography computed based on correspondence points. We then superimpose of the old photograph onto video see-through frames of current landscape. To achieve real-time and robust superimposition on mobile devices, both motion-sensor-based pose information and camera-image-keypoint-tracking-based pose information is used for device's camera pose tracking.


The article reviews the debates on the death penalty in Ecuador between 1857 and 1896. First, from a micro-historical perspective, it refers to the poet Dolores Veintimilla de Galindo and her stance against the death penalty, in order to illustrate the country's social environment with respect to enforcement of this punishment. Second, it examines the debate on the death penalty in the conventions of 1878 and 1896, between liberals and conservatives, until it was ultimately abolished in 1897.


Abstract The propagation of plane waves in a rotating homogeneous, isotropic, thermoelastic solid with double porosity following Lord-Shulman's theory of thermoelasticity has been investigated. It is assumed that the medium rotates about an axis normal to the surface with a uniform angular velocity. There may exist five coupled waves that evolved due to the longitudinal, transverse disturbance, voids of type-I and type-II, and temperature change in the medium. The secular equation for the model under consideration has been derived with the help of formal solutions and boundary conditions. The amplitude of displacements, temperature change and volume fraction fields for voids of type-I and type-II have also been computed analytically. Finally, numerical computations have been carried out for magnesium crystal material to understand the behavior of amplitude of phase velocity, penetration depth, specific loss, displacement components, temperature change, and volume fraction field due to type-I and type-II voids corresponding to the different rotation rates. Various graphs have been plotted to support the analytical findings. The study may be used in the development of rotation sensors, material design and thermal efficiency.


of T. Wayland Vaughan. Geologic and paleozoologic data of great importance have been obtained, and a few collections of fossil plants were also secured. Those from the Dominican Republic, comprising small and for the most part poorly preserved materials of Tertiary age, were described by me in a recent paper.* This paper is published by permission of the engineer in chief of the Republic of Haiti. The work in the Republic of Haiti, in charge of W. P. Woodring, resulted in 13 small collections of fossil plants at the following local-


We report the preparation of films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibers suitable for fabrication of efficient multilayer solar cells by successive deposition of donor and acceptor layers from the same solvent. The nanofibers are obtained by addition of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) to a solution of P3HT in chlorobenzene. Interestingly, by varying the concentration of DTBP we are able to control both crystallinity and film retention of the spin-cast films. We also investigate the influence of the DTBP-induced crystallization on charge transport by thin-film transistor measurements, and find a more than five-fold increase in the hole mobility of nanofiber films compared to pure P3HT. We attribute this effect to the synergistic effects of increased crystallinity of the fibers and the formation of micrometer-sized fiber networks. We further demonstrate how it is possible to make use of the high film retention to fabricate photovoltaic devices by subsequent deposition of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) from a chlorobenzene solution on top of the nanofiber film. The presence of a relatively large crystalline phase strongly affects the diffusion behavior of PCBM into the P3HT film, resulting in a morphology which is different from that of common bulk heterojunction solar cells and resembles a bilayer structure, as can be inferred from comparison of the external quantum efficiency spectra. However, a high power conversion efficiency of 2.3% suggests that there is still a significant intermixing of the two materials taking place.


In reaching their conclusion, Mazzone et al review the results of the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP, in which I was an investigator, and which found that screening was beneficial)2 and a more recent study by Bach et al (who concluded that it may not meaningfully reduce the risk of advanced lung cancer or death from lung cancer).3 They assert that the best measure of the usefulness of computed tomographic screening is a reduction in the lung cancer-specific mortality rate, they discuss the various biases in screening studies, and they express the hope that ongoing randomized controlled trials will settle the debate once and for all. To this I would reply that new information has been presented about the study by Bach et al4 that places lung cancer screening in a more favorable light. Furthermore, in many ways the current debate about lung cancer screening echoes the debate we went through about breast cancer screening, in which consensus eventually emerged that screening is beneficial even without evidence of a reduction in the mortality rate found in randomized controlled trials. In addition, I do not think that leadtime bias, length bias, or overdiagnosis bias affected the I-ELCAP findings.


Landfill leachate, a highly contaminated percolating effluent can cause a considerable threat to human as well as environmental health. We developed a novel nano composite using the polymer encapsulated magnetic geopolymer for efficient removal of multi contaminants (As, Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, F, NO 3 - , and PO 4 3- ) present in the landfill leachate and groundwater of the Pirana solid waste dumping site, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. A series of batch and column sorption experiments were carried out to find the best-operating conditions for optimum removal efficiency. Results revealed that in the range of 50-60% of multi-contaminant removal is possible using the newly developed adsorbent which has high surface area as well as mixed functional groups for the removal of both cationic (Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb) and anionic (F, NO 3 - , and PO 4 3- ) contaminants present in the leachate. Batch study shows that both physical and chemical sorption are equally operational and multilayer removal following the Freundlich isotherms predominantly. The batch test mimics the equilibrium condition only. The study recommends column study under different follow conditions using leachate and groundwater, followed by a regeneration study for its reusability and development of the field implementation schemes. The future research is required to address the decontamination of emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals, pesticides and fertilizers, industrial additives and antibacterial agents.


In recent years, a number of large-scale writing assessments (e.g., TOEFL iBT) have employed integrated writing tests to measure test takers' academic writing ability. Using a quantitative method, the current study examined how written textual features and use of source material(s) varied across two types of text-based integrated writing tasks (i.e., listening-to-write vs. reading-to-write) and two levels of language proficiency (i.e., high vs. low). Sixty Iranian English major students were selected through purposive sampling and divided into low and high proficiency groups based on an IELTS practice test. Then, they were required to write on a listening-to-write and a reading-to-write task. Results of two-way and one-way ANOVAs revealed that firstly, variations in integrated writing tasks together with level of proficiency had a significant effect on all the generated discourse features, secondly, the two types of integrated tasks produced features that shared to a large extent, and thirdly, some features could distinguish a certain level of proficiency. In addition, the results indicated that plagiarism is higher in response to the reading-to-write task than the listening-to-write task especially among the low proficiency writers. Implications of the study are presented.


URC robot offers necessary service anytime and anywhere by using a network to the robot, expanding the applicable service, keeping all the functions in itself, it undertakes functions for the causing problems through the network. URC software components are composed of HRI(Human Robot Interaction), robot action technology and others. We analyze the quality models based on ISO/IEC 9126, define URC components evaluation specification consists of 4 parts such as generic rule, instance rule, evaluation value and test method. And we define the quality process and test case design for URC, and show a testing and evaluation process for URC components.


Dry matter (DM) and neutral cleterget fibre (NDF) degradability (rate and extent) ofrange grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Heteropogon contortus;Sehima nervosum) and ra nge legumes (Stylosanthes hamata, Atylosia scarabaeoids, Lablad purpureas) were determined in rumen fistualted male cattle. In situ DM and NDF disappearance for range legumes were higher (P<0.0S) than those for grasses. However, the extent of DM disappearance was lower in legumes than In grasses. The rate of DM and NDF disappearance was higher (P<0.05) in legumes than in range grasses.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Optical Second-Harmonic Generation from Single GaN Nanowires.1 J.P. LONG, B.S. SIMPKINS, D.J. ROWENHORST, P.E. PEHRSSON, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 — The nonlinear optical response of nanostructured materials is of interest because of the need for active elements in nanophotonic applications, and because the nonlinear response can provide information about the nanostructure itself. Here we report measurements of second-harmonic generation (SHG) from individual GaN nanowires (NWs) based on far-field optical microscopy. By correlating the polarization behavior of the SHG signal from each NW with its orientation as determined with electron backscattered diffraction, we show that farfield methods can provide a flexible approach for distinguishing the crystallographic orientations of wurtzite NWs lying on a substrate. Analysis is based on the quasistatic approximation, which assumes that a NW's transverse dimension (75 nm) is less than the relevant wavelengths and thus permits treating the optical electricfields as spatially uniform. This approach proves sufficient to explain the main SHG polarization features of these NWs, once one accounts for internal depolarization effects for both the excitation and SH electric fields, and for the collection-aperture of the microscope objective.


Based on literature analysis and empirical research,this paper points out that in revising Undergraduate Teaching Program for Social Work Specialty, four basic professional abilities should be clarified,which are: professional values and ethics of social work,the understanding of social system,the understanding of client system and specialized practice; and the seven relations should be properly dealt with, which include: the relation between training objectives and social demand,the relation between standard and characteristics of the specialty,the relation between related subjects( especially sociology) and social work knowledge,the relation between specialty development and teaching administration of the university,and the relation between undergraduate education and professional master degree education. Finally,it discusses explicit and implicit contents of the teaching program and how to deal with the seven relations in training the four abilities in modular teaching.


Public perception of flight safety is generally based on the absolute number of accidents and not accident rates. Therefore reduction of the accident rate such that the actual number of accidents decreases must be a primary goal; otherwise the predicted costs and loss of life are not likely to be tolerable by the industry or traveling public. This paper briefs efforts in the virtual flight vision system program to address training pilots avoiding these accidents. The improvement in situational awareness and reduction in pilot workload resulting from the synthetic vision display should allow aircrews to avoid landing short, flying too close to terrain, or blundering onto an active runway. The systems can also aid aircrews in re-planning en route and in the crucial final approach segment, by providing intuitive guidance cues to reduce pilot workload and improve performance.


This article explores control signal protocols for controlling UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). It is aimed at commercially available UAVs that are intended for high-quality private or affordable professional use, but at the same time operate in the 2.4 GHz license-free band. Representatives of control sets with different types of communication protocols were selected for the measurement so that they could be compared. The initial measurement revealed the behavior of the control signals (modulation type, security, FH (Frequency Hopping), existence of a return channel...), thereby creating three different groups of control devices for measurement. Only some control units can actively react to interference. The communication protocols of the UAV control sets are designed to be able to ensure a reliable connection in an environment where unintentional collisions can occur relatively often. The analysis of the control protocol took place on the basis of the interference of a very small part of the frequency spectrum (one channel intended for FH) and the subsequent analysis of the behavior of this interference. The knowledge gained about the ability to avoid collisions in the spectrum can be used to create effective intentional jamming in the future.


Deepening of the teaching research and reform is the need of the Chinese higher education for catering to the world, the future and the modernization and for meeting the development of the socialist market economy and the age of knowledge explosion. Furthermore, it is the immediate need of institutions of higher learning for changing their higher education from orientation to the elite to orientation to the million. Shenyang Agricultural University has successfully carried out the following teaching researches and reforms: Reform of the teaching management, by which a normalized teaching management system has initially been able to be established; Reform of the mode of training men for profession, by which a new framework teaching plan has been set up; Reform of the system of practical teaching, by which a new multi-level phrased teaching system has been able to be further perfected; integration and readjustment of various teaching resources and running after the progress of the times, by which the curriculum contents have been able to be innovated; Adhering to education of persons as core of education, by which the teaching building has been able to be strengthened. In spite of all achievements made by Shenyang Agricultural University in the work of teaching research and reform, this university still has a long way to go in this respect, who must further make the transition of his old educational conceptions, emancipate his mind, develop and innovate himself, develp the talent awareness and quality awareness to fit in with popularization of higher educaiton, further give prominence to the globality, comprehensiveness and practicality of teaching reform, structure an eligible talents training system which can meet the needs of social development and agricultural development in the new century, knock into shape a trading mechanism which is advantageous to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the teachers and students, build up a contingent of teachers who possess international awareness and standards in education, set up a teaching quality safeguard system which can ensure the development of college students' innovative spirits and practical skills.


In order to improve the performance of sensorless induction motor drives system at the low speed,a new sliding-mode sensorless observer (SMSO) was proposed. It replaces the integrator with a new Modified Low-pass filter (NMLPF). The magnitude and phase error introduced by Low-Pass Filter (LPF) is compensated before the stator EMF filtered for the stator flux estimating,by which the dynamic performance of stator flux estimator,especially the low speed performance,is improved greatly,and it diminishes the dynamic error at theory. So the SMSO based on the new MLPF improves the performance at low speed and enhances the robust of system. Many simulation results show the validity of the new method.


powers, and is of essential interest. The authors have enlisted the help of Tim Greenwood in addressing the complex source material, and this chapter is a good aid to understanding the role of this problematic region. Chapter 7 is concerned with religious matters, and includes a section on the place of Christians in the Sasanian empire. The question what role religion played for the Sasanians is addressed from some unusual perspectives (such as by using the text of Mas'udi, p. 211). The remainder of the work consists of a short chapter on the relationships between rulers, where D. and W. suggest that the enmity between the two empires (based largely around a refusal to accept claims of universal dominion) did not prevent Roman and Sasanian rulers from seeing each other as 'honoured equals' (p. 241). Finally, Chapter 9 deals with the exchange of information through espionage or diplomacy and adds, albeit brie·y, to A.D. Lee's Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity (1993). A section on the sinister problem of forced population movement and one on the more palpable issue of shared cultural interest (such as the interest of Khusrau I in foreign cultures) concludes the text of the book. A comprehensive set of appendices, indexes and a glossary follow. The volume is written in an engaging style, and is a comprehensive and highly accessible work which will be of use to specialists, undergraduates and a general audience alike. The focus on eastern sources and the e¶ort D. and W. make to rebalance the picture towards Iran is one of the great strengths of this book and is also what makes it an e¶ective complement (rather than an attempt at a replacement) for Dodgeon and Lieu's The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, A.D. 226–363 (1991) and Greatrex and Lieu's sequel which covers the period up to 630 (2002). Furthermore, D. and W.'s engagement of specialists to translate and advise on the non-Graeco-Roman texts adds depth and conμdence to their commentaries and is another noteworthy aspect of the work.


New results on the recently introduced steady-motion-based Dopplerlet transform is presented and an estimation scheme for both range and speed of moving sound source using Dopplerlet transform is considered. First, we derive the real, discrete, and real discrete Dopplerlet transforms from their complex counterpart. Second, we reformulate some of the existing integral transformations within the framework of the Dopplerlet transform. Finally, we provide the application results. Experimental results with real underwater acoustic data and land acoustic data, as well as Monte Carlo simulation results with computer-generated data, have confirmed the veracity and practical usefulness of the estimation scheme advocated.


For paralyzed and aphasic children, communication is often reduced to poor physical signals, unlike real language. Alternative augmentative communication uses communication boards with icons, so that "speaking" becomes "pointing." This substitution raises crucial questions about visual language and about the links between language and images, if one wishes to computerize the communication board. Automating communication boards as a substitute for defective oral functions is the last step in a cognitive process which links perceptions coming from images and from language, at a mental level. The model described, which leaves the control of the semantics to the user, appears to work better than semantic networks. Indeed, because the machine leaves some of the sentence-building up to the users, it shows that they have good control of their production.


I have a Ph.D. in Computer Science, M.Sc. in Engineering, and B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering. Currently I serve as a Chair for Department of Computer Science, Information and Media Systems and Professor of Computer Science at School of Engineering and Computing, National University. I am also the Program Lead for MS in Information Technology Management and have also served recently as the lead for BSc in Information Systems, the co-Lead for MSc Computer Science and Program Lead for MSc in Database Administration programs. My association with ABET (Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology) US dates back to 2001, as a certified program evaluator for BSc in Computer Science and BSc in Information Systems. At present, I am also serving as the Commissioner for the Computer Accreditation Commission (CAC). Previously, I have taught at 6 different countries for over 25 years. I have been privileged to be part of the DESY Group (Deutches Elecktronen Synchrotron), Hamburg Germany, as a research fellow, and worked with an MIT group, led by a Nobel laureate.


Growth of predominantly single crystal (100)-oriented gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) on a p-type Si(100) and growth of a polycrystal with a predominant Gd2O3(100) crystallite on a n-type Si(100) was performed using molecular beam epitaxy. Despite a poorer crystal structure than Gd2O3(110), an enhancement in carrier mobility can be found only from the Gd2O3(100)/n-type Si(100) interface. The mobility of 1715-1780 cm2/V · s was observed at room temperature, for carrier concentration >1020 cm−3. This accumulation of the electrons and the mobility enhancement may arise from the two-dimensional confinement due to charge transfer across the interface similar to transfer doping.


The latent heat storage systems represent a promising way for decrease of buildings energy consumption with respect to the sustainable development principles of building industry. The presented paper is focused on the evaluation of the effect of PCM incorporation on thermal performance of cement-lime plasters. For basic characterization of the developed materials, matrix density, bulk density, and total open porosity are measured. Thermal conductivity is accessed by transient impulse method. DSC analysis is used for the identification of phase change temperature during the heating and cooling process. Using DSC data, the temperature dependent specific heat capacity is calculated. On the basis of the experiments performed, the supposed improvement of the energy efficiency of characteristic building envelope system where the designed plasters are likely to be used is evaluated by a computational analysis. Obtained experimental and computational results show a potential of PCM modified plasters for improveme...


A series of new water-soluble cyclopalladated ferrocenylimines were designed and prepared. They were efficient catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl bromides and phenylboronic acid in neat water under ambient atmosphere. Among of these catalysts, the catalyst (C2D) could be reused for 6 times for the Suzuki coupling reaction of 4-bromotoluene with phenylboronic acid in EtOH/H2O under ambient atmosphere, in which no significant loss activity of C2D was observed.


Data types Descriptive statistics Principles of probability and inference Research design Comparing groups: numerical data Comparing groups: categorical data Regression and correlation Predicting outcome: diagnostic tests or predictive equations Survival Analysis Large trials, meta-analysis, and evidence-based medicine Statistical errors in anaesthesia How to design a clinical trial Which statistical test to use: algorithms


We show how the problem of small neutrino masses and suppressed proton decay can be simultaneously resolved in 6D universal extra dimension models (UED's) with a low fundamental scale using extended gauge groups that contain the local $B\ensuremath{-}L$ symmetry. The extra space dimensions are compactified either on a ${T}^{2}{/Z}_{2}$ or ${T}^{2}{/Z}_{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{Z}_{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ orbifold depending on whether the full gauge group is ${\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{U(1)}_{{I}_{3R}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{U(1)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}$ or ${\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{R}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{U(1)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}.$ In both cases, neutrino masses are suppressed by an appropriate orbifold parity assignment for the standard model singlet neutrinos and the proton decay rate is suppressed due to a residual discrete symmetry left over from compactification. For lower values of the fundamental scale, a dominant decay mode of the neutron is $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{n}3\ensuremath{\nu}.$ An interesting consequence of the model is a possible two component picture for the dark matter of the universe.


We present three-dimensional simulations of a protoplanetary disc subject to the effect of a nearby (0.3 pc distant) supernova (SN), using a time-dependent flow from a one-dimensional numerical model of the supernova remnant (SNR), in addition to constant peak ram pressure simulations. Simulations are performed for a variety of disc masses and inclination angles. We find disc mass-loss rates that are typically 10−7–10−6 M yr−1 (but they peak near 10−5 M yr−1 during the 'instantaneous' stripping phase) and are sustained for around 200 yr. Inclination angle has little effect on the mass-loss unless the disc is close to edge-on. Inclined discs also strip asymmetrically with the trailing edge ablating more easily. Since the interaction lasts less than one outer rotation period, there is not enough time for the disc to restore its symmetry, leaving the disc asymmetrical after the flow has passed. Of the low-mass discs considered, only the edge-on disc is able to survive interaction with the SNR (with 50 per cent of its initial mass remaining). At the end of the simulations, discs that survive contain fractional masses of SN material up to 5 × 10−6. This is too low to explain the abundance of short-lived radionuclides in the early Solar system, but a larger disc and the inclusion of radiative cooling might allow the disc to capture a higher fraction of SN material.


Background: Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a highly rare disorder defined as infiltration of peripheral nervous system by a lymphoproliferative neoplasm, both presented as the first manifestation of the malignancy (primary NL) or as a site of disease progression or relapse (secondary NL). Due to rarity of this disorder data on clinical features, best approach and outcome are limited. Furthermore diagnosis of this disease is often uncertain and based on radiological images only.
 Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of all histologically confirmed-NL, diagnosed and treated at the Division of Hematology of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN between January 2002 and December 2018. Clinical features and outcome were analyzed. Responses to therapy were assessed by post-treatment radiological changes and clinical symptoms improvement. Survival analysis such as progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier curves with log-rank test. Comparison between subgroups was investigated using Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
 Results: Over a 16-year period 40 patients with biopsy-proven NL were included in study. Primary and secondary NL were 19 (48%) and 21 (52%) respectively, with a median age of 60.5 years (range 37-83) and male sex 24/40 (60%). The predominant histology was represented by B-cell lymphomas (39/40, 97%) with a vast majority large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) 27/40 (67%) and only 1 case of T-cell lymphoma. The affected structures included brachial plexus (12/40, 35%), lumbosacral plexus (5/40, 12%), cauda equine and nerve roots (14/40, 35%), sciatic nerve (12/40, 30%), femoral nerve (4/40, 10%), cranial nerves (8/40, 20%), multiple nerves involved in 23/40 (57%). Four out of 40 cases had brain involvement and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive in 7/29 (24%). NL clinical manifestations included muscular weakness (33/4, 82%), sensory deficit (32/40, 80%), pain (28/40, 70%) and autonomic dysfunction (3/40, 7%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected neural abnormalities in 35/36 cases (97%), CT imaging identified disease in 3/8 (37%) and FDG-PET scan was positive in 22/31 (71%); electromyography showed some grade of neuropathy in 28/29 (97%). Treatment included systemic chemotherapy in 38/40 (95%) cases, containing high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in 26/40 (65%) and rituximab in 20/40 (50%); 11/39 (28%) patients underwent consolidative autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT); 4/40 received consolidative radiotherapy (RT), 1/40 was treated with RT alone; intrathecal chemotherapy was infused in 1/40 cases; one patient with solely great auricular nerve NL involvement was cured with surgery only. Treatment efficacy evaluated by imaging and clinical improvement consisted with an overall response rate (ORR) of 73% (27/37) with a 24% (9/37) of complete remission (CR); No statistical difference in rate of response was observed by different systemic treatments. Of note, patients undergoing HDC-ASCT consolidation obtained 100% of ORR (n=10) versus 61.5% (n=16) achieved by others (P=0.03). With a median follow up of 45.1 months (range 0.5-186.7) a 36 months-OS of 77% (95% CI, 60-88) was observed for the whole cohort. A trend of longer survival rate for primary NL was observed, with a 36-month OS of 95% (95% CI, 72-99) vs. 55% (95% CI, 30-77) for secondary NL (p 0.134). A strong benefit in terms of outcome was observed for patients receiving rituximab-containing regimens with a 36 months-PFS of 72% (95% CI, 55-92) vs 28% (95% CI, 12-53) (P=0.001), and a 36 months-OS of 87% (CI 95%, 60-98) vs. 65% (95% CI , 41-84) (P=0.04) (figure 1); no survival difference was observed for patients treated with systemic therapy containing HD-MTX vs. others. ASCT consolidation was associated with a trend of improved survival with a 36 months-PFS of 69% (95% CI, 35-90) vs. 47% (95% CI, 29-66) for others (P=0.09).
 Conclusions: With the limit of a retrospective analysis, LBCL represent the predominant histologic subtype of NL; MRI and FGD-PET appeared to be the most accurate radiological tools to detect neural disease. Systemic treatments including rituximab should be preferred, HD-MTX seems to be not so effective while ASCT consolidation may be considered in selected patients. Due to the spare number of cases treated with RT its role cannot be clarified by our study.

 Nowakowski: NanoString: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Research Funding; Curis: Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Selvita: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


ABSTRACT Israel is often at the centre of debate regarding religious diversity. We examined how exposure to religious symbols is associated with intergroup anxiety perceived from the Jewish majority among Arab minority groups. We found that outgroup and ingroup priming had different consequences for the two Arab groups: when primed with outgroup Jewish concepts, Arab-Muslim persons reported higher intergroup anxiety than Arab-Christian participants. However, when primed with ingroup concepts, the two minority groups did not differ significantly in intergroup anxiety experienced in interactions with Jews. Our results convey the importance of investigating why and when religious diversity may have a negative impact on intergroup relations.


Structureless bands of ultraviolet absorption spectra of hydroxypyridine derivatives in solution have been examined. It is shown that the log–normal distribution provides a convenient four‐parameter empirical description of the bands and gives a much better fit than the two half‐width Gaussian. The log–normal yields a resolution of overlapping bands by a method of least squares that is very satisfactory. A simple configuration‐coordinate model is presented that lends some physical meaning to the parameters of the log–normal. It yields normalized third and fourth moments that are near those of the log–normal.


This paper reports on the diagnostic investigations on the bronze panel in the Church of San Moisè in Venice (Italy), aiming at the identification of materials and causes of corrosion. Both the bulk metal and surface layers were investigated by a wide range of techniques: alloy composition and microstructure were determined by VP‐SEM/EDS, the corrosion products by Raman spectroscopy and XRD. The organic compounds were analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py‐GC‐MS). The adjacent mortars were analysed in terms of mineralogical composition and soluble salts content, in order to highlight their role in the degradation processes at the contact areas between the masonry and the bronze panel.


Director: Glynn D. Coates, Ph.D. The purposes of this research were two-fold: (1) to assess the reliability and utility of the Aircrew Coordination Observation and Evaluation scales in describing crew coordination behaviors exhibited during flight and (2) to investigate the effects of automation on crew coordination, workload, and performance. Two levels of automation (i.e., presence or absence of an autopilot) and two levels of task difficulty (i.e., presence or absence of wind and turbulence) were combined to yield a 2 x 2 design. Twentyfour two-person crews performed in both levels of automation and one of two levels of task difficulty. The results of the reliability assessment demonstrated that the training procedures and behavioral summary scale anchors that were developed produced adequate levels of interrater reliability in this investigation. The results of the crew coordination analyses revealed differences in the frequency and quality of crew coordination behaviors between levels of automation. Ratings of crew coordination were also shown to be related to performance. The results also indicated that although crews in the automated condition reported less workload, only one of the three measures of flight performance was improved. In addition, under high task difficulty, problem solving performance was worse in the automated condition


In the construction and operation process,virtual enterprises may well pass on or pile up risks among group members and thus affect the enterprise's aggregate risk level.Accordingly,the recognition,measurement and control of risks should take a fairly important role in the whole process.Beginning with the analyses of the formation of risks,this paper attempts to offer solutions and advice on the recognition,measurement and control of risks by virtue of qualitative and quantitative analyses,such as environmental analysis,risk function,and optimizing.Virtual enterprises have to put much stress on risk control,especially in the construction and operation process and carefully choose business partners.Effective measures for risk control should also be timely employed.The paper aims to provide some measures to help virtual enterprises to achieve the balance between ultimate profit and possible risks.


The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting performance of store keeping units in Kenya with reference to Umma University. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the effect of top management support, lead time, training and storage capacity on performance of store keeping units in Kenya. The study is expected to be of great benefit to the management of Umma University, other universities and other researchers for future reference material. Descriptive research design was used; the target population was 100 employees where a sample size of 50 respondents, 50% of the target population was used. Questionnaires comprising of both closed and open ended questions were used to collect data that was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively and presented through figures and tables. The study findings discovered that top management support, lead time, training and storage capacity affect the performance of store keeping units in Kenya. The study recommends that the top management within the organization should ensure that there is well coordination among all organization employees to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of store keeping units. The organization management should plan, communicate and coordinate well with its suppliers to ensure that orders placed are delivered on agreed time frame to help the performance of store keeping units as there will be cases of plan rescheduling. The organization should continuously train its employees to help in updating and upgrading the employee's skills and knowledge on how best to undertake organization operations like the store keeping function and the organization should ensure that it has its store keeping units equipped with latest technological facilities and be spacious to ensure better and long preservation of its materials to save chances of spoilage and deterioration.


Introduction: We employed a customized Multiple Myeloma (MM) specific Mutation-Panel (M3 P) to screen a homogenous cohort of refractory MM (rMM) patients in a timely and cost-effective manner. rMM was defined as progressive disease (PD) during therapy or within 60 days after discontinuation of therapy. The M3 P provides a practical alternative to whole genome/exome sequencing approaches and includes 88 genes selected for being either actionable targets, potentially related to drug response or part of known key pathways in MM biology. Patients and Methods: Tumor and germline samples of 50 rMM patients were screened using M3 P. Patients received a median of five lines of treatment at the time of tumor sampling (range 2-15 lines). All patients received at least one immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI), and 88%, 76% and 66% were refractory to either an IMiD, PI or both. All patients had received lenalidomide and bortezomib, 48% and 34% were additionally exposed to pomalidomide and thalidomide and 18% to carfilzomib at any time prior to sampling. The majority of patients had a progressive and refractory disease immediately prior to sampling (82% and 78%), with 43% of them being IMiD-refractory and 46% being PI-refractory in the most recent line of therapy. Cytogenetic data at time of sampling were available from 78% of patients. Adverse cytogenetics were detectable in 82% of patients with gain 1q21 > 2 copies (62%), deletion 17p (33%), t(4;14) (13%) and t(14;16) (8%) being the most common. Results: An average sequencing depth of 750x was obtained across the samples. Our screening revealed an increased prevalence of mutations in the MAPK pathway (72%), including 34% of KRAS, 26% of NRAS, 18% of BRAF (with one patient carrying two BRAF mutations and 8% in actionable p.V600E). Additionally, two mutations (4%) were found in RASA2, a RAS inhibitor. Other potentially actionable mutations were seen in p.R132H IDH1 and p.R248C FGFR3 (2% each). Most prominently, the CRBN pathway was found mutated in 22% of cases, including CRBN (12%, one case with concomitant CUL4B mutations), CUL4B (4%), IRF4 (4%) and IKZF1 (2%). In CRBN we found four cases with mutations leading to a truncated protein (frameshift, nonsense and splicing) and two cases with missense mutations located within the thalidomide-binding domain, suggesting a causal effect on IMiD resistance. All CRBN mutated patients and 91% of the CRBN pathway mutated patients were at least once unresponsive to IMiD based treatment. In one patient with IRF4 mutation sensitivity to IMiDs remained unknown. A majority of patients were also resistant to PI treatment (76%), however mutations in proteasome subunits (PSMD1 and PSMB8) and XBP1 wererare (4%), but only a limited number of this gene family were represented in our panel. Other recurrently mutated genes were TP53 (26%), FAM46C (12%), ATM (10%) and TRAF3 (8%). Notably, DIS3 mutations were identified in only 6% of cases. As previously reported, TP53 mutations were associated with deletion 17p (8/13 cases, 62%). A correlation between the absolute number of mutations and previous lines of treatment was not observed (r=0.05, p=0.73). Conclusion: Targeted sequencing on a homogenous cohort of heavy pretreated rMM patients gives key insights in the landscape of the rMM genome, uncovering an increasing frequency of MAPK, TP53 and CRBN mutations. Importantly, this is the first study showing recurrent mutations in CRBN in patients unresponsive to IMiD treatment, supporting a potential association with resistance to IMiD based therapies. Disclosures Mai:Onyx: Other: Travel Grant; Janssen-Cilag: Other: Travel Grant; Celgene: Other: Travel Grant; Mundipharma: Other: Travel Grant. Merz:Janssen: Other: Travel grants; Celgene: Other: Travel grants. Hillengass:Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Travel support; Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria, Other: Travel support; Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Travel support. Goldschmidt:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Chugai: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Stewart:Oncospire Genomics: Research Funding.


Performance of subcarrier hopped orthogonal frequency division multiple access code division multiplexing (SCH-OFDMA-CDM) is analyzed and compared against its non hopping counterpart (OFDMA-CDM) in frequency selective indoor environment. The system model is developed and simulation results for realistic scenarios are presented. These provide guidelines for configuring the system and also indicate the suitability of this scheme for indoor down link over other multi carrier spread spectrum schemes. The outage throughput of SCH-OFDMA-CDM is shown to improve over non hopping OFDMA-CDM scheme in indoor down link for some configurations. The mean throughput of the both schemes are found to be same for both schemes. Effect of block and interleaved sub carrier assignment and the performance of a successive interference cancellation scheme were also verified.