Based on the research of documentary data,the problems existing during the Chinese football sports development period are discussed in this paper.In addition,football sports core value system of the young is constructed by a logical method on the foundation of careful study on the scientific outlook of development of Chinese Communist Party,socialist core value outlook,and other revelant theories.The football sports core value system of the young is made up of four parts: spiritural outlook of development whose core is pariotism,moral aspect outlook whose core is democratic-legal-rule and fair-justice,cognitive ability development outlook whose core is reform innovation,and football training idea devopment outlook whose core is advanced culture.It is hoped that the construction of this system will be of important reference value to the scientic development of Chinese football sports.


To promote interdisciplinary communication and cooperation and find an academic growth area better able to explain reality and stimulate creative thinking amid the interaction and cross-integration of different disciplines and their different visions, Social Sciences in China Press sponsored in succession "Dialogue on Social Sciences Frontier Studies in China," of which "Facing a Shared Future: A Dialogue Between Economics and Philosophy" was the second. It was co-sponsored by the College of Humanities and the Research Center for Economic Philosophy, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and held at the University between May 31 and June 2, 2008. During the past thirty years since China's reforms began, the Chinese-style socialist undertaking with its focus on economic growth has pushed the foundational discipline of economics, the so-called "mathematics" of the social sciences, to unexampled prominence. To match its new prominence, economic research in China has chosen to fall into line with the historical trend by which Western humanities and social sciences have sought since the nineteenth century to become as "scientific" as the natural sciences. Chinese economics has experienced a process of "depoliticization," during which it has not only marginalized political economics, but also positioned the rationality of its own existence on a foundation that transcends values and reality. This self-positioning has not only helped China's mainstream economists escape moral questioning from society, it has also gradually deprived them of the ability to explain reality as they distance themselves from morality and from the masses. Behind Chinese economics' loss of explanatory power lies the dislocation of its position and the loss of its value orientation. Scrutiny of its standpoint and questioning of its values have prompted economics to engage in a dialogue with philosophy as an essential link


By means of model studies, we compare predicted oxidant budgets based on the assumptions of iron distributed among all droplets or particles versus the same iron mass concentrated in a few droplets (or particles) in the total population only. Our results suggest that the traditional approach based on bulk iron concentrations may significantly underestimate total OH budgets, whereas the predicted levels of H2O2, HO2/O2and ozone are less affected. The reasons for the different findings between (i) the various oxidants and (ii) cloud droplets vs aerosol particles will be discussed. In summary, our model studies suggest that oxidant levels and oxidation potentials of particulate matter in the atmosphere can only be accurately assessed if particleand size-resolved aerosol composition is accounted for.


The supermolecule interaction among metal ion,organic solvent and Azo-reagents was studied.The experimental results show that the concentration and categeory of organic solvent and buffer medium affect the colour reaction between the chromogenic reagent and mental ion seriously.A new method for spectrophotometric determination of silver with cadion was proposed in the presence of ethanol.In pH 9.50 borax-sodium hydroxide buffer solution containing tween-80,cadion can react with silver(Ⅰ) to form a stable 2∶1 complex.The absorption maximum of the complex is at 518 nm with apparent molar absorptivity of 7.01×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,and beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0~1.0 μg/mL for silver.The proposed method was applied to the determination of silver in water with good results.


The global coronavirus pandemic overwhelmed many health care systems, enforcing lockdown and encouraged work from home to control the spread of the virus and prevent overrunning of hospitalized patients. This prompted a sharp widespread use of telehealth to provide low-risk care for patients. Nevertheless, a continuous mutation into new variants and widespread unavailability of test kits, especially in developing countries, possess the challenge to control future potential waves of infection. In this paper, we propose a novel Smartphone application-based platform for early diagnosis of possible Covid-19 infected patients. The application provides three modes of diagnosis from possible symptoms, cough sound, and specific blood biomarkers. When a user chooses a particular setting and provides the necessary information, it sends the data to a trained machine learning (ML) model deployed in a remote server using the internet. The ML algorithm then predicts the possibility of contracting Covid-19 and sends the feedback to the user. The entire procedure takes place in real-time. Our machine learning models can identify Covid-19 patients with an accuracy of 100%, 95.65%, and 77.59% from blood parameters, cough sound, and symptoms respectively. Moreover, the ML sensitivity for blood and sound is 100%, which indicates correct identification of Covid positive patients. This is significant in limiting the spread of the virus. The multimodality offers multiplex diagnostic methods to better classify possible infectees and together with the instantaneous nature of our technique, demonstrates the power of telehealthcare as an easy and widespread low-cost scalable diagnostic solution for future pandemics.


Bernard Smith (1916–2011) was a giant on the Australian intellectual scene, and a major analyst of and contributor to the processes of cultural traffic between the antipodes and the centres of the world system. He was a lifelong Marxist, or historical materialist. Yet his scholarship also wore an open weave. Was he then a Marxist in politics? This essay argues that his historicism placed his thinking firmly with the owl of Minerva, rather than in the driver's seat of history. Marxism, for Bernard Smith, was ex post facto, placing him with the tragic irony of Marx's Eighteenth Brumaire rather than with the activist intent of the Theses on Feuerbach. Distance, for Smith, was everything.


Plenary.- Laser Ultrasonics.- Ultrasonic Waves I.- Ultrasonic Waves II.- Ultrasonics I.- Ultrasonics II.- X-Ray Scattering I.- X-Ray Scattering II.- Radiography and Tomography.- Microwaves I.- Microwaves II.- Microwaves III.- Eddy Currents.- Magnetic Methods.- Thermal Characterization.- Optical Characterization.- Aerospace Materials.- Civil Structures.- Process Control.- Composites.- Surfaces and Bonds.- Materials Characterization I.- Materials Characterization II.- Materials Characterization III.


This study examines some of the implications of the use of the Single Transferable Vote for legislative recruitment in Ireland. Candidates and deputies are contrasted on a number of characteristics to see the impact of the 'electoral phase' on recruitment. Voting patterns are then analysed in order to assess the role that electors' preferences between candidates can play. Generally, it appears that preferences are determined more by candidates' political record than by their social background or position on the ballot paper. This is consistent with a view of the Irish deputy as a constituency-servant rather than a legislator or simple instrument of party government, although cultural as well as constitutional factors may be responsible for this role.


Objective To probe the relationship between electrocardiogram(ECG) change and clinical etiology of hypokalemia in young adult patients.Methods Contrast and analyze ECG change,clinical etiology and serum potassium concentration of 104 cases of young adult patients.Results 80 cases(76.92%) of young adult hypokalemia patients' ECG were changed abnormally.Among them,U wave value of 80 cases(76.92%) were raised and ST segment of 64 cases(61.54%) and T wave of 62 cases(59.62%) were changed.The rate of ECG abnormity increased with the decrease of serum potassium concentration.Conclusion The main cause of hypokalemia in young adult patients is insufficient intake of potassium caused by primary diseases The rate of ECG abnormity increases and the ECG change becomes worse with the decrease of serum potassium concentration.


Objective To investigate the early protective effect of nimodipine on acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) method.30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups(Sham,Model,Nimodipine teatment group).The model group was induced by 2h ischemia following 2h reperfusion.The nimodipine treatment(5mg/kg) was given at the time of ischemia by intraperitoneal injection once an hour.At the end of the experiment,the abdominal aorta blood was obtained,and full brain tissue was saved.Infarct size by TTC staining of brain tissue slices was compared between groups.The activities of SOD,MDA and NO content were detected in serum and brain tissue.Results The infarct size of nimodipine treatment group was significantly decreased compared with model group.Serum biochemical indicators suggest that the SOD content of the model group was significantly lower than the sham group,and increased significantly in nimodipine treatment group.MDA and NO content was significantly higher in the Model group than that in the sham group.Nimodipine treatment significantly reduced the serum level of MDA and NO.Conclusion Nimodipine has a protective effect on acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury,which is closely related to its anti-oxidative stress effect.


Understanding the interplay between technology and urban life is the basic question of urban computing research. In addition to using context to achieve realism in evaluation, urban computing studies often need to consider context of use outright as an element under study. Doing so requires new ways of thinking about context that may not fit neatly into traditional categories of experimental design. In this paper we present our experiences in attempting to manage context in studies involving urban wayfinding and other social spatial activities. We reflect on our attempts to treat context as a set of controllable factors, to integrate some uncontrolled aspects of context into our experiments, and to engage contextual realism outright. The paper concludes with recommendations for managing context in urban computing study design based on these experiences.


Routing is one of the most important challenges regarding mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Having no fixed infrastructure along with frequent network topology changes, as a result of nodes mobility, necessitate routing protocols to operate under cooperation of all network nodes. Lack of cooperation in routing can lead to performance reduction and even network denial of service. Uncooperative behavior of nodes can be performed selfishly by refraining from forwarding data packets or, in a more advanced class, maliciously in the form of an attack against the network. One of the most famous, challenging, and destructive routing attacks in MANETs, which can dramatically reduce network performance, is known as Black-hole attack. Black hole attack operates based upon two different phases. The first phase consists of absorbing a considerable amount of network traffic towards attacker node, and the second one is dropping received data packets. In optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, a well-known proactive routing algorithm for MANETs, Black hole attack can be implemented in different methods. The objective of this paper is to evaluate effects of different Black hole implementations as well as various selfish behaviors on OLSR based MANETs. Assessment of network parameters has been carried out using Network Simulator (NS-2). Simulation results represent that a special implementation of Black hole attack, which is named as TC-HELLO-Black-Hole and considered in this paper for the first time, is more devastating compared to other implementations and selfish nodes. Furthermore, such attack lessens routing overhead compared to basic OLSR.


Soils of the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been found to be deficient in copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). In this area, an Oxisol was deeply excavated in 1962 during the construction of a hydroelectrical plant, and the exposed saprolite material was abandoned, without any reclamation measures. The abandoned land was a harsh environment for plant growth, and the secondary vegetation has not recovered. A field trial was established in 1992 to assess the effects of different grass species and lime amendments on soil reclamation at the degraded site. In 2011 soil samples were collected at three depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm) from vegetated and bare plots over tilled saprolite, from an untreated area of the saprolite, and from an Oxisol under native forest, used as external reference. Nineteen years after the reclamation effort was begun, the organic carbon (OC) content of the restored saprolite still was much lower than that of the Oxisol under natural vegetation. The undisturbed Oxisol was deficient in extractable Cu (0.16–0.10 mg kg−1) and Zn (0.10–0.02 mg kg−1) and exhibited rather low concentrations of extractable iron (Fe; 5.24–1.47 mg kg−1) and manganese (Mn; 3.21–0.77 mg kg−1). However, the saprolite under reclamation showed even lower levels of these elements compared to the native forest soil. In the natural soil, OC, N, extractable Fe, Mn, and Cu showed stratification, but this was not the case for extractable Zn. Although the reclaimed saprolite still was far from predisturbance conditions, the revegetation treatments promoted recovery of OC, N, Fe, Mn, and Cu at the surface layers, which resulted in incipient stratification. Extractable Fe, Mn, and Cu were correlated to OC, whereas no association between Zn and OC was detected. Our results also suggest that reclamation of the excavated saprolite may be constrained by micronutrient deficiencies and mostly by the extremely low levels of Zn and Cu.


Numerical simulations and tests were carried out to investigate the effect of ejection from different trailing edge slots of a turbine cascade.The detailed flow field of ejection cascade was obtained by using a compact ejection model coupled with the calculation of main flow field.Numerical and experimental results show that the ejection ratio has little effect on the distribution of Mach number and exit flow angle of the two slot types.However,the energy degradation coefficient increases at first and then it has a decreasing tendency with the increase of ejection ratio.The ejection from the symmetric slot blows away the vortex at the blade trailing edge and strengthens the mixing of the wake with the main flow.The ejection from the half slot only blows away the vortex on the slot surface,and has little effect on the flow field near the trailing edge.


— The concept of death was linked to the absence of heartbeats or spontaneous breathing movements. Diagnosis of brain death is complex, requiring a series of initial factors as prerequisites, such as: knowledge of the cause of the coma, absence of hypothermia and absence of action of central nervous system depressant drugs. Objective: to verify the clinical incidence and epidemiology of brain deaths in Brazil. Methodology: these are exploratory, retrospective observational or experimental studies of literature recovery and critical analysis that were carried out through a search of electronic documents published between 2010 and 2020, using scientific articles, dissertations and theses. Thirty-three articles were analyzed that dealt with the subject discussed, which deepened the knowledge about it, human beings were not involved in the research, thus dispensing with the use of the free informed term. Results: The activities carried out by the brain define all the structures of the body. The patient's vital functions are freely and spontaneously linked and linked to the heart and lungs. The most common causes for the evolution of brain death are traumatic brain injuries (TBI) resulting from car accidents or physical aggression. The act of being an organ donor is characterized as solidarity with others. The family authorizes, however, the patient must agree in life with the act of donating their organs to other people. It is important to remember that not all patients who progress to brain death can be organ


This study has a background of concerns about the condition of the cities in
Indonesia, which currently has a tendency to accommodate modes of transport
\"non-pedestrian\", but walking is the most basic mode of transport and main
informal and uncomplicated for a person. One of these was Cihampelas Street
Bandung. Which is a commercial area, the left and right of the road filled with
\"factory outlet\". The pedestrians are not facilitated with good facilities, whereas
the majority of the visit did walk to the achievement of one place to another.
Pedestrian way is disconnected, covered parking and street vendors, damaged,
street furniture which is very less, all of which make the pedestrians can�t be
facilitated by a pedestrian way, so it is necessary to study Cihampelas Street
Pedestrian Way that will be able to provide comfort and security for pedestrians.
This research method has a method with the existing data in the field is
then processed by way of drawn and analyzed to determine the physical setting of
the pedestrian way and assessed with aspects Connectivity, Convenience,
Attractivness, Safety, Security to determine the quality of the pedestrian way.
Having in mind the quality of the pedestrian way, will be known aspects that need
to be improved and recommendations should be given so as to improve the
comfort of the pedestrian way on the road Cihampelas Bandung.


Abstract Eisenia fetida was tested to assess terrestrial ecotoxicity in microcosms contaminated by copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) separately and in combinations. Toxicity endpoints were the median lethal concentration (LC50) and acid phosphatase (ACP), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Single toxicity tests revealed that the toxicity order was 1,2,4-TCB>Cu>Pb for E. fetida with LC50 as the toxicity criterion. A binary combination of Cu (25 or 200 mg/kg) and TCB (25 or 200 mg/kg) caused increased ACP and ATPase activities but decreased GST activities in all treatments. A combination of Pb (50 or 400 mg/kg) and TCB (50 or 400 mg/kg) caused increased (days 2 and 14) and decreased (day 7) ACP activities, initially increased (day 2) and then decreased (days 7 and 14) ATPase activities, and decreased GST activities in all treatments. In general, antagonistic and/or synergistic responses reflected bioaccumulation patterns in some binary c...


Abstract : This paper discusses the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) with a focus on cross-cultural issues and the ethical use of type results. It draws upon a variety of pertinent literature, from the popular press to scholarly works. Cross-cultural issues include: the universality of type, cross-cultural variations in type results, causes of those variations, and extrapolation of the results to cultural groups. Ethical topics include the potential for discrimination, the 'subject's' viewpoint--including faking, ethical uses of the results, and employment-related issues. The paper concludes that while the MBTI is a useful instrument it must be applied carefully and should never be used to segregate people 'in' or 'out'--especially in employment decisions.


Based on the technology spillover effect and the "pollution paradise" hypothesis, this paper introduces the manufacturing agglomeration variables and foreign direct investment variables on the basis of the STIRPAT model, and uses the location entropy index to measure the manufacturing agglomeration level, while selecting industrial sulfur dioxide emissions as the measurement of environment pollution. The empirical results show that there is an inverted "N"-type curve relationship between the level of manufacturing agglomeration and the environmental pollution in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Keywords—STIRPAT model; manufacturing agglomeration; environmental pollution; location entropy


According to what is perhaps the dominant picture of reference, what a referential term refers to in a context is determined by what the speaker intends for her audience to identify as the referent. I argue that this sort of broadly Gricean view entails, counterintuitively, that it is impossible to knowingly use referential terms in ways that one expects or intends to be misunderstood. After exploring several possible responses—each of which ultimately proves unsatisfactory—I sketch an alternative which can better account for such opaque uses of language, or what I call 'sneaky reference'. I close by reflecting on the ramifications of these arguments for the theory of meaning more broadly, as opposed to just the theory of reference.


Person and world. Behind this dyad one can see tremendous cobwebs, interaction of society and person: sometimes society gives birth and kills a person, sometimes a person transforms, changes society. These opportunities consist in man's sociality. To define the essence of sociality means to help a person in self-determination, self-identification and individual search of new social identity.


Typical defects in n‐type liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski GaAs, i.e., grown‐in dislocations and grown‐in and then stress‐induced glide (GS) dislocations have been studied by electron‐beam‐induced current (EBIC) and diluted Sirtl‐like etching with light (DSL photoetching). The study of GS dislocations was possible because both EBIC and DSL can reveal the recombinative traces left behind the moving dislocations. Grown‐in dislocations and the ending points of GS dislocations exhibit a central feature more recombinative than the external atmosphere. No such central feature has been detected at the starting points of the GS dislocations. A model for the formation of the impurity atmospheres in the GS defects has been put forward. By quantitative EBIC measurements performed right in the impurity atmospheres (∼5–20 μm in size) around dislocations, the local space‐charge region width of the EBIC Schottky diode was determined. Information on the net ionized impurity concentration in the atmospheres could thus be o...


There are two basic theoretical views of how advertising affects competition. One school of thought suggests that advertising decreases competition. Kaldor (1950) argued that through economies of scale in advertising, advertising increases market concentration. Also, Bain (1956) suggested that advertising causes strong product differentiation and brand loyalty, which are barriers to entry and will lead to higher concentration.


Identified indicators of conditions of human capital in the region. The technique of factor analysis of the dynamics of regional human capital on the basis of the index method. Calculations by this method on the example of Penza region and provides recommendations to management in the region.


Limonene, a monocyclic terpene is reported to attenuate the stress-induced behavioral manifestations. Stress-induced release of CRF from hypothalamus is believed to be responsible for anxiogenic- and depressant-like behavior. Incidentally, limonene is reported to produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Hypothesizing that limonene-CRF interaction could be possible reason for its anti-stress effect; to support such possibility, we investigated the influence of limonene on CRF induced changes in social interaction time in social interaction test, and immobility time in forced swim test. Results indicated that limonene (50–100 mg/kg, p.o.) or CRF antagonist (1 and 10 ηmol/mouse, i.c.v.) dose dependently increased social interaction time and decreased immobility time indicating anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effect. These effects were comparable with the traditional anxiolytic (diazepam, 1–2 mg/kg, i.p.) and antidepressant (fluoxetine, 10–20 mg/kg, i.p.) agents. CRF (0.01–0.3 ηmol/mouse, i.c.v.) administration produced just opposite effects to that of limonene on these parameters. Further, limonene (75 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) pretreatment antagonized the effects of CRF (0.1 or 0.3 ηmol/mouse, i.c.v.) in social interaction and forced swim test. The subeffective dose of CRF antagonist (0.1 ηmol/mouse) when administered along with the sub-effective dose of limonene (25 mg/kg) produced significant anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like effect. These observations suggest reciprocating role of limonene on the CRF-induced anxiogenic- and depressant-like effects.


Effective identification driving styles of drivers for vehicle speed planning can improve vehicle fuel economy, driving adaptability and comfortability. First, based on historical driving data, a driving style classification and identification framework using improved k-means algorithm and support vector machine is proposed in this paper, which classes and identifies drivers into three groups: conservative, regular, and aggressive. Then, on the premise of ensuring vehicle traffic efficiency, a multi-objective speed planning optimal control problem is constructed for three types of drivers in the intelligent transportation system to achieve preferable fuel economy, driving adaptability, and driving comfort. The problem is then discretized into the nonlinear programming problem for solving by orthogonal collocation direct transcription algorithm. Finally, the proposed multi-objective speed planning framework is applied to simulate the speed of drivers with different styles in a speed planning scenario, and the speed planning results are compared with those without driving styles. The simulation outputs indicate that the constructed framework can effectively improve the driving adaptability, comfort, and reduce the fuel consumption of different driving styles while ensuring the traffic efficiency.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to support companies' risk-informed selection of a logistics solution to operate in China via cross-border e-commerce (CBEC).

Design/methodology/approach
Decision theory is applied to the recent field of CBEC. This theoretic setup involves a decision maker who must choose among a set of alternatives, whose consequences depend on uncertain factors (Savage, 1954). The study develops an activity-based model to calculate logistics costs in a deterministic setting. Simulations and probabilistic sensitivity analyses are later performed to evaluate the impact of uncertainty.

Findings
There are four main solutions to enter China, determined by the adopted international transport mean and the presence of a local warehouse. The most important risk factors affecting the choice of the logistics solution are change of CBEC regulation, product value, expected service level and demand level.

Originality/value
From a theoretical perspective, this study improves CBEC literature, so far characterised by descriptive papers, often lacking industry focus or empirical exploration. It also provides new application opportunities for decision theory, whereas previous contributions have proposed different theoretical approaches, such as transaction cost or institutional theory. From a practical viewpoint, the paper is the first to compare the costs of the main logistics solutions to sell online to China, by taking uncertainty into account. The results can be used to better understand the differences among solutions and identify the most critical parameters. Finally, this research provides some observations for policy implementation.


This paper discusses the security issues involved in log management for a multilevel secure database system and presents a design and implementation of a prototype multilevel secure log manager. The main goal of a log manager is to provide high bandwidth and low flush latency. We examine the performance of our design, by observing the flush latency and log bandwidth. We also informally evaluate the security of our approach.


Introduction. The article reveals the importance of professional higher education in the society, the country and each of its residents. It is noted that the content of professional education is filled with a number of indicators. frames. It is noted that the improvement of the situation contributes to the modernization of the educational process. It should be done on the basis of public and private partnership. Purpose. The aim of the research is to develop scientific and methodological foundations of assessment of the state of professional higher education, to identify the existing problems and to justify the ways of their overcoming in the context of the development of  economy of knowledge. Method (methodology). The study has used the following methods: monographic method, method of analysis and synthesis, method of balance, method of extrapolation, method of modeling, etc. Professional education in Ukraine and the results are analyzed on the basis of monographic method . With the help of methods of analysis and synthesis, it is assessed the existing network of educational institutions offering professional training and revealed changes in the amount and structure of higher education institutions, the number of students. These methods are also used in assessing the financial security of the educational sphere in general, and its highest level in particular. Equity method is used in the simulation of possible future changes in the set of the student in higher education institutions in terms of the demographic crisis in Ukraine. Results. The paper suggests promising directions of development of professional education. Their task is to overcome the existing problems of  evelopment, to ensure further modernization, variability and its close links with the community. Among the most important tools we propose the innovative technologies, which have become an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the educational process, enhance the attractiveness of vocational education for young people.


During the last years the medium voltage world has seen a strong increase in demand of flexibility, simplicity and automation of the distribution networks. The Smart Grids concepts have changed network's needs and solutions with innovative design are required to satisfy these new demands. The standard IEC61850 is driving the innovation in the energy distribution devices enabling new functionalities and new architectures. An innovative automatic circuit breaker series has been specifically developed to enable easy, flexible and reliable medium voltage switchgear engineering and operation. This new circuit breaker (CB) is a highly integrated device that combines measurement, protection and control capability with the primary power disconnection, switching and interruption technology. The CB embeds a protection and control Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) designed to unleash the full potential of the IEC 61850 standard for communication and interoperability.


Field intensities of the signals from the Lafayette and Nauen stations, together with the simultaneous strength of the atmospheric disturbances are given for January and February, 1923.


Up to now, the major problem for large vocabulary sign language recognition lies in the huge search space due to a variety of recognition classes. Analytical methods such as dynamic time wrapping (DTW) or Euclidian distance have been used for isolated word recognition, but the performance is not satisfactory enough because it is easily interfered by noise. Statistical methods, especially hidden Markov Models are commonly used for both continuous sign language and isolated words while the processing time becomes increasingly unacceptable with the expansion of vocabulary. A multilayer architecture of sign language recognition is proposed in this paper for the purpose of speeding up the search process. The gesture sequence to be recognized is first located at a set of words that are easy to be confused (confusion set) through a global cursory search with little computation cost and then the gesture is recognized through a local search. The generation of confusion set is realized by DTW/ISODATA algorithm. Experiment results indicate that it is an effective algorithm for sign language recognition with large vocabulary.


Microtubules have been recognized in the cytoplasm of rat and rabbit pancreatic beta cells (1-3) . According to studies performed in other animal systems, the cytoplasmic microtubules are formed of an actin-like material (4), and are thought to play an important role in controlled cellular movements (5-7) . In 1968, Lacy and his colleagues (1) suggested that contraction of the microtubules might lead to insulin secretion by controlling the migration of secretoty granules during the process of emiocytosis . Indeed, insulin secretion presents a number of analogies with muscular contraction . Both processes are thought to be energy dependent (8), associated with depolarization of the cell membrane (9), and triggered by an influx of calcium (10) . In the present series of experiments, we have approached the problem of the possible participation of microtubules in the process of insulin secretion by examining the effects of a mitotic spindleinhibitor (vincristine) and a microtubule-stabilizer (deuterium oxide) upon both the function and the ultrastructure of the beta cell .


Introducción: the functional limitation and the inability are the mayor consequences for patients presenting Ankylosing Spondylitis, Different factors have been related to inability and its repercussion in the quality of life of these patients. Objective: to assess the functional ability and to determine associated factors. Method: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted including 80 patients from the Protocol Consultation of Spondylo-artropathies seen from June, 2007 to July, 2009. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were obtained. The functional ability was assessed applying BASFI rate (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) and the existing associations were determined. Results: there was male sex predominance, (63.3 %). The mean age was 40,1 years. The disease onset period older than 20 years old (73.8 %), had great BASFI (p=0 0.01); the occupation showed significant difference (56.14 %, p=0.04). The delay time from diagnosis, longer than 10 years, was significant (p=0.03). The cervical segment, sacroiliitis and BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activyt) showed a statistically significant BASFI increase (p=0.01), except the acute phase reactants and HLA-B27. Conclusions: the functional ability is significantly associated with the disease onset age, diagnosis delay time, involvement of cervical segment, occupation, sacroiliitis, and the disease activity.


This article was published open access in Journal of Exercise, Sports & Orthopedics on 03 April 2015, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2374-6904/


The present status of populations of giant land tortoises (Geochelone spp) in the Galapagos Islands was studied. Geographical distribution, mark and recapture methods, population structure, population density, sex ratios, predation and other threats were considered in this context. Old records show that the present distribution and population demography of giant tortoises is much more restricted than that seen during the 16 th to 18 th centuries and, although there were further population changes between 1974 and 1992 – 2002, the population distribution is still similar to that estimated by McFarland (1974). Present population demographics differ from those of 1974, the values of Student's t range from 29 to 175 (P < 0.001). Population densities vary from 57 to 799 tortoises / km 2 . The present population structures of G. vandenburghi and nigrita for males, females and juveniles differ from those of 1974. However, these three population classes in G. ephippium and G. microphyes have remained unchanged since 1974. Comparing the present population structures of the six remaining populations with those of 1974, Chi-squared tests show that population structure differs in some populations but not others. Present sex ratios (females: males) of tortoises are in general higher than those of 1974. There are now fewer populations of tortoises affected by predators and competitors. Potential threats to surviving tortoise populations have been generally eliminated. Wild pigs and dogs in both Santiago and Isabela islands have been eradicated although domestic ones remain as a permanent, potential threat. The islands of Pinta, Espanola and Santa Fe no longer have goats, although they are still present in Isabela, Santiago and San Cristobal.


Abstract A new asymmetric domino sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction of 2-arylidene-1,3-indandiones with 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol catalyzed by a sub-mol% loading of a squaramide provides a direct access to tetrahydrothiophene bearing spiro indane-1,3-dione derivatives in excellent yields and good stereoselectivities.


The review and analysis of the epic film 'Fantastic Mr. Fox' directed by Wes Anderson is discussed. The use of amazing visual wit and invention in the film, which is a delight both for children and adults is highlighted.


Conventional poverty measures have long been criticized as a poor gauge of quality of life. Household-level income or expenditure data used in these measures are silent on intrahousehold inequalities and capture means to an end rather than outcomes and opportunities individuals face. This article constructs a multidimensional poverty index (MPI) to address these problems. It calculates multidimensional poverty for Turkey in four equally weighted dimensions: education, health, employment, and household living conditions. The study introduces employment as a distinct dimension of well-being, which is especially pertinent for the gender gap in poverty in the Turkish context. It finds a significant (30–34 percent) gender poverty gap, which is gradually narrowing over time. However, there is very little convergence between regions. Finally, results show households with multidimensionally poor women and non-poor men as the most common sub-group and an increase in the share of households with no poor members. HIGHLIGHTS The study evaluates the multidimensional poverty of individuals to analyze gender gaps. Employment proxies for ignored functionings like self-respect and social inclusion. Gender poverty gap was between 30 and 34 percent during 2006–15. Gender poverty gap is only closing for the youngest cohorts. Within-household poverty disparities are high and stable during 2006–15.


The article focuses on the concept,types,scales,forming reasons and high interest rates of informal finance,it points out that informal finance is of great importance to the economic development and it is inevitable.The high interest rate of informal finance is the compensation of the lenders risk in a certain extent and it is also the institutional adaptation to the low efficiency of bureaucracy system of formal finance.


This paper examines the determinants of financial structure decisions of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The financial structure of a firm consists of a particular combination of debt and equity issues to relieve potential pressures on its long-term financing. This paper examined information of manufacturing sector in Nigeria with the aim of discovering major determinants of its financial structure. The paper also highlighted issues such as financial distress, bankruptcy threats, solvency problem, risk of default due to unstable economic and political situations as possible dangers that may plague firms whose capital structure may lean towards debt financing.


The present study aims to review and analyze Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) practices adopted in English education research in Korea. 41 articles published in six major journals over the last 10 years were reviewed with four evaluation criteria. The results show that EFA practices found in English education in Korea are not ideal likely due to the lack of understanding of theoretical assumptions and procedures of EFA. The results are rather alarming given that unsound decision made along the EFA procedure can produce misleading results.


The paper presents the development of mobile application based on artificial intelligence. The functionality of the proposed mobile application is to recognize handwritten objects (letters and digits). For the development of the mobile application, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used. The application is implemented on iOS platform, written in programming language Swift.


We quantize the Alekseev-Meinrenken solution r to the classical dynamical Yang-Baxter equation, associated to a Lie algebra g with an element t in S^2(g)^g. Namely, we construct a dynamical twist J with nonabelian base in the sense of P. Xu, whose quasiclassical limit is r-t/2. This twist gives rise to a dynamical quantum R-matrix, and also provides a quantization of the quasi-Poisson manifold and Poisson groupoid associated to r. The twist J is obtained by an appropriate renormalization of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov associator for g, introduced by Drinfeld.


It illustrates several keys in the beam fabrication and storage yard design of passenger dedicated line,such as the address choice,laying out form,scale choice and mechanical modelling and introduces the key technology in them,so as to promote the application of this technology.


Field trails were conducted to evaluate the bio-efficacy of insecticidal spray schedules against sucking pests, viz. jassids, whitefly, thrips and aphids. Results showed that the spray schedule incorporated with six rounds of new synthetic insecticide molecules (Acetamiprid, imidacloprid, betacyfluthrin, spinosad, bifenthrin/indoxacarb and lambdacyhalothrin) was effective in reducing jassid, whitefly and thrips populaitons, however, it was not effective against aphids, rather resulted in its severe build-up. Unilateral application of ten to eleven rounds of synthetic insecticides was effective against jassid and thrips only. Insecticidal mixtures were effective against whitefly at its peak population but could not continue for long run. Repeated application of neem was found effective against sucking pests, however alternate spray of neem and Bt failed to control any of these pests.


According to studies, today, we have seen an exponential increase in forest fires, on the island, in the United States and other places in the world. Due to climate change and extreme weather conditions, wildfires have started to appear in parts of the world that have never experienced this before. Many solutions are already being used to monitor forest fires such as: GPS, weather balloons, aerial drones, and many others. Since all these approaches use imaging sensors, they must wait until wildfires are large enough to be detected. This situation becomes a problem because forest fires would be too large to be easily controlled. This research proposes a solution that aims to attack this problem by using a microphone in the device located on the ground. Additional sensors will be incorporated, such as a digital thermometer to register humidity and temperature, a gas sensor to detect different types of gases, and long-range communications that would help our device to communicate with a network of other similar devices. Also, Internet of Things (IoT) will be implemented to send live sensor data to a central command. By focusing on the detection of forest fires, we can not only detect their occurrence in a timelier manner, but also the proposed system will have the ability to predict fires by monitoring meteorological data through smart networks.


Digital agriculture has evolved significantly over the last few years due to the technological developments in automation and computational intelligence applied to the agricultural sector, including vineyards which are a relevant crop in the Mediterranean region. In this paper, a study of semantic segmentation for vine detection in real-world vineyards is presented by exploring state-of-the-art deep segmentation networks and conventional unsupervised methods. Camera data was collected on vineyards using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) equipped with a dual imaging sensor payload, namely a high-resolution color camera and a five-band multispectral and thermal camera. Extensive experiments of the segmentation networks and unsupervised methods have been performed on multimodal datasets representing three distinct vineyards located in the central region of Portugal. The reported results indicate that the best segmentation performances are obtained with deep networks, while traditional (non-deep) approaches using the NIR band shown competitive results. The results also show that multimodality slightly improves the performance of vine segmentation but the NIR spectrum alone generally is sufficient on most of the datasets. The code and dataset are publicly available on this https URL


Objective: To investigate the relationship between the infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and development of cough variant asthma (CVA).Methods: Venous blood was drawn from 83 patients with confirmed CVA and 50 healthy controls. ELISA was used to test the IgM concentration of MP antibody. The changes of eosinophile were observed from the sputum induced by deep cough. Results: In 83 patients with confirmed cough variant asthma,the incidence of MP infection was 55.4% (46/83),which was significantly higher than that in normal controls ( P 0.05). The sputum eosinophil count in the patients with CVA was significantly higher than that in normal controls ( P 0.05). EOS in the sputum of the patients of cough variant asthma is significantly higher than the normal(74%). Conclusions: MP infection is associated with CVA. MP is an important pathogen of CVA.


OBJECTIVES This study is a trend analysis on drug‐related deaths in Nova Scotia from the years 2007–2010 with an interest in comparing drug‐related deaths associated with prescription drugs, illicit drugs and alcohol and over‐the‐counter drugs. This was done to assess the prevalence of drug abuse/misuse. METHODS Data was collected from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in Nova Scotia. All deaths where drugs were listed in the final cause of death or under the 'significant conditions' that may have led to the final cause of death were included. RESULTS During the period of 2007–2010, neither prescription drug, illicit drug or alcohol and over‐the‐counter drugrelated deaths have shown a statistically significant trend. Illicit drug‐related deaths have the lowest average rate of 1.76*. Both prescription drug‐related deaths and alcohol and over‐the‐counter drug‐related deaths have a significantly higher average rate of 7.86*(|z|=1.97) and 10.4*(|z|=2.50) respectively. The median age of illicit‐drug related deaths is 36 years, and the median age for prescription and alcohol and over‐the‐counter drug‐related deaths is 46 and 56 respectively. Males take up a greater percentage of total deaths in all three categories throughout the four years, with the highest percentage in the alcohol and over‐the‐counter drug related deaths (81%), followed by illicit drug‐related deaths (74.2%) and finally prescription drug‐related deaths (66.4%). CONCLUSIONS This study urges policy makers to make changes to the illicit drug centric and youth centric anti‐drug strategy in Canada, to increase the focus on prescription drug abuse/misuse and to also target the middle‐aged demographic.


Pragmatics theory began to be studied and developed in China in the 1980s and 1990s. Among the various branches and concepts of pragmatics, pragmatic failure is an important aspect that cannot be ignored. In recent decades, there has been a variety of developments in the field of pragmatics. Many studies use the method of contrastive analysis to summarize the types of failures in communication between English and Chinese users. In addition to linguistic pragmatic failures, there are also social pragmatic failures and even non-verbal pragmatic failures. Most of these types of failures focus on the fact that Chinese students are the initiators of pragmatic failures. However, with the development of internationalization and the emergence of "Chinese fever", more and more Westerners will also produce pragmatic failures in the process of using Chinese, which will lead to the failure of communication as well. The first part of this paper analyzes the research background by using the method of literature analysis, pointing out the direction of pragmatic research in China, such as various discourse acts, adaptation theory, pragmatic failure in translation aspects. The second part uses the contrastive study method based on the phenomenon to compare the main causes of pragmatic failure. The causes are the differences in culture, thinking pattern and lacking pragmatic knowledge, teachers or other educators should pay attention to the emphasis and input of pragmatic awareness and pragmatic knowledge. In order to avoid pragmatic failure, the third part proves some strategies. The experimental method proves that pragmatic teaching is helpful to the improvement of pragmatic competence. English is a common language in the world, so the importance of English pragmatics has been well known by learners; however, with the increase in non-native learners of Chinese, in the bilingual environment, language learners should also pay more and more attention to the understanding of Chinese culture.


Abstract : Manpower management has been an issue of increasing concern to most large, complex organizations in recent years. Research organizations have particular difficulties in this area, due to technological changes and long project and training lead times. Government laboratories must deal, in addition, with Civil Service regulations and the dictates of Congress and the Office of Management and Budget. This paper explores several alternative workforce goals planning systems for use in the Naval Laboratory community. The Proposed workforce goals system is comprised of a data base of workforce estimates combined with a generalized information retrieval system for examination and modification of the data base. Its use in conjunction with Shore Activity Manpower Planning System, an aggregate modeling system of the goal programming variety, is explored. Possible management uses of the workforce goals planning system, with examples of appropriate reports, are discussed. Immediate research issues such as the organizational impact of introducing such systems, and future research issues including integrated and conversational applications, are discussed in the final section. (Author)


In this paper a convolutional neural network (CNN) with high ability for generalization is build. The task of the network is to predict the occurrence of cavitation in hydraulic turbines independent from sensor position and turbine type. The CNN is directly trained on acoustic spectrograms, obtained form acoustic emission sensors operating in the ultrasonic range. Since gathering training data is expensive, in terms of limiting accessibility to hydraulic turbines, generative adversarial networks (GAN) are utilized in order to create fake training data. GANs consist basically of two parts. The first part, the generator, has the task to create fake input data, which ideally is not distinguishable form real data. The second part, the discriminator, has the task to distinguish between real and fake data. In this work an Auxiliary Classifier-GAN (AC-GAN) is build. The discriminator of an AC-GAN has the additional task to predict the class label. After successful training it is possible to obtain a robust classifier out of the discriminator. The performance of the classifier is evaluated on separate


The present study applies different time‐series models for forecasting daily and monthly snow water equivalent (SWE) data in Ontario, Canada, during 1987–2011. For daily time series, which showed a significant negative trend, four categories of the autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) and ARMA model with exogenous variables (ARMAX) were applied. The North Atlantic Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index and Pacific/North American Pattern, as large‐scale atmospheric anomalies, as well as temperature time series are considered as exogenous variables for ARMAX models. According to the multicriteria performance evaluation, a time‐trend ARMAX model demonstrated the best performance for modelling and forecasting daily SWE. Two models, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and SARIMA with exogenous variables (SARIMAX), were also fitted to the monthly SWE time series. The results revealed that the SARIMAX model showed a better performance than the SARIMA model according to multicriteria evaluation. The three nonparametric tests, Wilcoxon, Levene and Kolmogorov–Smirnov for forecasting evaluation demonstrated that the selected time‐series models had enough reliability for short‐term SWE forecasting in Ontario. The results of this study also demonstrate the importance of incorporating both trend and appropriate exogenous variables for SWE time‐series modelling and forecasting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We analyze the availability of virtual optical networks mapped over a physical substrate and propose VON mapping algorithms with selective dedicated protection to minimize cost while meeting availability requirements.


The article discusses the relationship between conceptions of forest values among local people in Madagascar and human capabilities. According to Amartya Sen's capability approach, capabilities include both the means of maintaining a livelihood and intangible elements that are necessary to achieve overall wellbeing. In a qualitative case study in Madagascar's Mananara-Nord and Sahamalaza Biosphere Reserves, we investigated local peoples' conceptions of forest values. Our analysis revealed that forest-value categories fall under a range of ecosystem services and are therefore clustered accordingly. The distinction between instrumental and intrinsic values indicates the broad spectrum on which local people conceive the benefits they derive from the forest. This article discusses the interconnection between instrumental and intrinsic forms of forest value and the important role played by intrinsic values in promoting well-


and the puck batteries are in good Total sideways momentum before condition. Figure 1 shows a collicollision = 13.7 sion between two pucks of equal Total sideways momentum  after mass, one initially at rest at the collision = 17.5 centre of the table. Note that the Percentagechange = 22% angle between the two final trajectories is 90'  as required by mOmentUm is Small as in this case, theory. Figure 2 shows a typical NB If the  total initial sideways The model is made from Poly-


We report a systematic investigation on room temperature and temperature dependent magnetic properties of [ Fe - Ta - C ( y )/Ta( 1 nm ) ]n = 0-4/FeTaC( y )/substrate] films prepared on thermally oxidized Si substrates at ambient temperature and postannealed at different temperatures (TA) for 30 minutes. All the as-made films exhibit amorphous structure. The stripe domain structure with a large coercivity (HC) observed in FeTaC (200 nm) single layer film due to stress induced during film deposition transforms to in-plane orientation of magnetization with multilayer structure. Postannealing at 200 ° C reduces HC largely and annihilates the strip domains. On further increasing TA, HC increases initially at 300 ° C and reduces slightly for 400 ° C annealed films. Also, the values of HC strongly depend on the number of multilayers. The magnetization reversal process of multilayer films annealed above 250 ° C depicts multistep reversal behavior due to an individual switching of ferromagnetic layer. High temperature thermomagnetization studies display a strong dependence of Curie temperature on TA and multilayer structure. The observed results are discussed on the basis of stress-induced perpendicular anisotropy developed during film deposition, topological coupling at the interface, and magnetostatic interaction between the ferromagnetic layers.


ing of a portion of the gland, generally the right lobe ; afterwards the whole thyroid body became implicated, and the enlargement somewhat indurated. Frequency of the pulse and palpitation of the heart, as recorded by Aitken, were not observed. In the early months of the regiment's stay at Baxa the disease often assumed an acute form, several men presenting themselves at hospital on the same morning, and stating that the goitre had come on during the previous fortnight. The native soldiers term the disease " ghegd"' and attribute its origin to the hardness of the drinking water, which in that canton-


The effects of ion bombardment on the specimens of layer structure such as molybdenite and graphite were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The ion bombardment was performed by the use of ion gun with air or argon, operated under the accelerating voltage of 5 to 10 kv. The effects of the ion bombardment observed in electron micrographs can be classified as follows: appearance of pair of black and white spots,'' appearance of pair of loops'' developed from the pair of spots, and pinning up or tangling of dislocation lines at the positions of pair of spots or pair of loops. These productions may be due to the aggregation of point defects created by the impact of ion beam to the constituent atoms. (auth)


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the anti-angiogenesis activity of the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor KDR.

METHODS
The eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/KDR(n7) of the extracellular domain of KDR was transfected into the human bladder carcinoma EJ cells by lipofactamin technology. Cellular clone that stably expressed the target protein was obtained by G418 screening. The cellular clone that expressed the target protein specifically combined with VEGF was obtained by solid-phase binding assay. The positive cellular clone was identified by RT-PCR.

RESULTS
The rKDR(n7) expressed by EJ cells can inhibit the angiogenesis in egg CAM. The EJ cell strain significantly inhibits the growth and angiogenesis of human bladder carcinoma in nude rat. The microvascular density in the experimental group was 12 +/- 4, significantly lower than that in hte negative control group (62 +/- 11).

CONCLUSION
Inhibition of the VEGF/KDR signal transmission channel can inhibit the angiogenesis in tumor, thus delaying its growth.


The c = 1 matrix model, with or without a type 0 hat, has an exact quantum solution corresponding to closed string tachyon condensation along a null surface. The condensation occurs, and spacetime dissolves, at a finite retarded time on +. The outgoing quantum state of tachyon fluctuations in this time-dependent background is computed using both the collective field and exact fermion pictures. Perturbative particle production induced by the moving tachyon wall is shown to be similar to that induced by a soft moving mirror. Hence, despite the fact that + for the tachyon is geodesicaly incomplete, quantum correlations in the incoming state are unitarily transmitted to the outgoing state in perturbation theory. It is also shown that, non-perturbatively, information can leak across the tachyon wall, and tachyon scattering is not unitary. Exact unitarity remains intact only in the free fermion picture.


The ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic die with controllable linear expansion coefficient(LEC) and the high precision superplastic forming were studied.The influence of TiO2 fraction and relative density on linear expansion coefficient of ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic was analyzed.The Turner model was modified and the relative density was introduced into the model.The forming accuracy of ceramic die with the similar LEC to TC4 titanium alloy was measured.The ZrO2-TiO2 deep cylinder ceramic die was fabricated and its performance was evaluated by the superplastic forming experiment at 925℃.The results show that the LEC decreases with the increment of volume fraction of TiO2 and increases with the rising of relative density.The modified Turner model more accurately predicted.Using the ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic die with optimal LEC,the forming accuracy deviation significantly reduced and not exceed of 0.1%.The ceramic die owns enough sufficient thermal mechanical properties and excellent performance.


The family of poly-sulfur-nitrogen heterocycles includes highly stable aromatic compounds that display physicochemical properties with relevance in the design of new materials, especially those relating to molecular conductors and magnets. The interesting characteristics found in many of these heterocycles have led to the development of modern synthetic methods that are the subject of this review. Heterocycles such as 1,2,3- and 1,2,5-thiadiazoles, 1,2,3- and 1,3,2-dithiazoles, 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazoles, thiatriazines, trithiadiazines, dithia(and trithia)diazepines, trithiatriazepines, di-thia(and trithia)tetrazozines, and fused systems are most commonly synthesized from tetrasulfur tetranitride and organic substrates (alkynes, diazomethanes), and from sulfenyl chlorides, sulfur or disulfur dichlorides and nitrogen containing reagents such as bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfurdiimide, trimethylsilyl azide, trisilylated amidines, N-imidoylamidines, hydrazones, oximes, and amines.


Abstract : Measurements of incident and reflected solar radiation of the surface and underwater environment were made at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center at Andros Island in the Bahama Islands during the period 10 February to 25 February 1968. These data include: the intensity and spectral distribution of solar radiation incident upon the surface; the relative spectral reflectance of surface targets; and beach areas; the spectral intensity and distribution of solar radiation at various depths beneath the water and reflected by the bottom as well as the backscatter spectrum of the water. Calibration data on the spectroradiometric equipment and the four lens multispectral camera are provided. Spectral photographic results indicative of that which can be expected from the test have been included. (Author)


Mannich reaction of tryptamine with 3,3,4-triethoxycarbonylhexaldehyde (IV) gave the cyclized product (VIII), whose hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, afforded the acid (IX). After esterification of IX, reduction of ester (X) with lithium aluminum hydride gave the C-nordihydrocorynantheol (II). The syntheses of IV and XV were also described. Furthermore, the Mannich reaction of L-N-benzyl-1-methyltryptophan methyl ester (XV) with IV was also examined. This reaction gave the ester (XVII), which was hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give the acid (XVIII). Esterification of XVIII, followed by catalytic hydrogenation, gave the lactam (III).


: Field experiment was carried out in Lanlate rainforest zone of Southwest Nigeria to study the effect of Organic based fertilizer, Mineral fertilizer and Azotobacter croococcum to the growth and yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum (L) Moench). The soil at the experimental site is low in Nitrogen and Potassium. The treatment were replicated three times on tomato plant, there were also six treatments; Control (C), Cassava waste - based organic fertilizer (OBF) 5tonnes/ha, Cassava waste - based organic fertilizer + Azotobacter croococcum (OBF+AC), Mineral fertilizer (MF), N: P: K 20:10:10 (60kg/ha), Mineral fertilizer + Azotobacter croococcum (MF+AC) and Azotobactcr croococcum (AC). The Mineral fertilizer (MF) increased significantly the plant growth at 3WAT while Organic based fertilizer + Azotobacter croococcum were found to have increased in the growth of tomato at 5WAT. The Organic base fertilizer (OBF) produced the highest value of dry matter of shoot (13.329)with Azotobacter croococcum recording the lowest value (4.758) even significantly lower than the control (5.739). also tomato fertilized with Mineral fertilizer (MF) gave the greatest yield (46.74t/ha). The weight was significantly higher than that obtained when Azotobacter croococcum (AC) was solely applied or combined with Mineral fertilizer.


With the improvement of China's economic environment,and the perfection of government supervision mechanism,as well as the media inspection,the negative information of enterprises are reported frequently,and the brand issue has become the concern of most enterprises.Based on the adoption of brand relationship lifecycle theory,the developing process of brand relationship is divided into three stages as pre-fracture,fracture and renewing.Positive suggestions are given to prepare for the relationship fracture,deal with the fracture and how to renew.


The blueprint of Central China Economic Zone has been unfolding since it has been upgraded as a national strategy by the State Council in 2011. Central China's Henan Province, the major component of the zone, is longing for further all-round development under the blueprint. The economic zone is centered in Henan and radiates to its adjacent areas. It covers mainly Henan province and parts of neigh-


A certain dataset, giving population at risk and fatalities for "an unusual episode," has been used for some time in classrooms as an elementary exercise in statistical thinking, the challenge bein...


The efficiency of a class of electron‐multiplication processes previously considered to be possible initiators of high‐voltage vacuum arcs has been studied as a function of applied voltage in the voltage range below about one hundred fifty kilovolts. This efficiency is found to be typically less than one part in ten thousand, in contrast to the unity or greater required for arc initiation by such processes. The variation of the efficiency with field is noted. The conclusion is drawn that this class of processes apparently plays no significant role in arc initiation, and the remaining possibilities are briefly discussed.


In this study, the purpose was reflecting upon the possibilities that training with gender perspective can afford, through the systematization of the training experience carried out during 2012, product of a project financed by the Fondo para el Desarrollo de las Instancias Municipales de las Mujeres (FODEIMM) in the municipality of San Salvador Tzompantepec, Tlaxcala. The study takes up active and differentiated citizenship as theoretical references, privileging the use of techniques that implicate research-action. The people who attend the trainings, mostly women, expressed uneasiness and dissatisfaction facing their living situation within the context of their family and their community, which helped in the recognition of needs and problems linked to gender violence, transgression of human rights, and the invisibilization of women's participation in the promotion of local development. The training process helped them in their self-recognition as people with rights, which makes them stronger as citizens. The experience indicates that this type of training promises people who are trained, particularly women, the acquisition of tools and helpful and convenient knowledge to position them as citizens.


Cephalopods, which live in the water column, recovered much faster from the end-Permian mass extinction than did bottom-dwelling fauna. Two hundred and fifty-two million years ago, the Paleozoic Era came to a cataclysmic close with the end-Permian mass extinction, when as much as 85% of readily fossilizable marine species became extinct. It took 5 million years for the biosphere to begin to recover from the event. At least this has been the conventional view. However, on page 1118 of this issue, Brayard et al. (1) show that ceratitid ammonoids (see the figure, panel A) recovered much faster than did most other marine groups, attaining considerable diversity just 1 million years after the mass extinction. Moreover, these mollusks reached a peak in their diversity at the end of the Early Triassic, when the diversity and body size of most other groups (particularly bivalves and gastropods) was still depressed (2). What do these data tell us about the post-apocalyptic world of the Early Triassic, and about the cause of the end-Permian extinction event itself?


This article examines how risk discourses carry specific gendered meanings within the context of women-centered correctional practices. Based on interviews with 52 women who served federal prison sentences in Canada, the author examines how abused women are constructed as violent and the discursive and practical implications of this construction. Feminist-informed victimization narratives merge with correctional risk discourses to govern criminalized women's relationships once they are released into the community. Correctional policy and programming encourages self-regulatory strategies that constitute abused women as at risk of being violent in the context of relationships.


A series of atomistic finite temperature simulations on a model of an FCC lattice of maghemite nanoparticles using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (sLLG) equation are presented. The model exhibits a ferromagnetic transition that is in good agreement with theoretical expectations. The simulations also reveal an orientational disorder in the orientational order parameter for $T < 0.5 T_c$ due to pinning of the surface domain walls of the nanoparticles by surface vacancies. The extent of the competition between surface pinning and dipolar interactions provides support for the conjecture that recent measurements on systems of FCC superlattices of iron-oxide nanoparticles provide evidence for dipolar ferromagnetism is discussed.


Introduction: The relationships between the seismic energy Es and the magnitude Ms and between the seismic moment Mo and the moment magnitude Mw, respectively, are usually expressed by the following equations. Log Es=1.5Ms+4.8 (1) Log Mo=1.5Mw+9.1 (2) Hereafter, we call the earthquake that almost follows these equations as the standard earthquake. Ms is smaller than Mw for the relatively large earthquakes along the Japan Trench. In the previous conference, Yamamoto shows the possibility that this difference is elucidated in terms of the seismic efficiency η. On the other hand, (Mj-Mw)>0.2 is found for many intra-earthquakes. For example, (Mj, Mw) is (7.3, 6.9) for the 1995 Hyogo ken Nanbu Earthquake, (7.3, 6.8) for the 2000 Tottori ken Seibu Earthquake, and (7.2, 6.8 to 6.9) for the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake. For these earthquakes, (M s-Mw)>0.2, provided Mj = Ms. According to the uniform DMF-model, Mw>Ms when the seismic efficiency η is 0.8 or less, Mws for η>0.8, and (Ms-Mw)=0.2 at η=1, for the standard earthquake. This implies that the earthquakes of Ms-Mw>0.2 cannot be explained as the standard earthquake. In the present study, we will investigate the causes of (Ms-Mw)>0.2 besides η. Apparent fracture energy: The damage zone fault (DMF)-model means that a fault has a finite thickness and consists of a damage zone (DZ) area and an asperity (AS) area. In the model, as a slip plane propagates in a DZ area, rotation of the DZ takes place. The apparent fracture energy is equivalent to the work done against the normal stress by the normal displacement to the fault plane due to the rotation. It is assumed that AS has the same rigidity μand shear fracture strength tf as the matrix and that DZ is completely relaxed. The uniform DMF model means the fault that has infinite length and uniform thickness. The non-uniform DMF model does the fault with a finite length and non-uniform thickness. Results: From the uniform DMF-mode, the followings are obtained: 1) Es=(δt/2μ)Mo at η= 1. Here, δt is the stress drop amount. 2) The fraction φof AS area in the fault plane is determined only by the critical strain ef=tf/μ and η. Thus, φ=(2xef) and δt is (2xef)x(tf) at η=1. When ef is set to 1.5×10 , (Ms-Mw) becomes approximately 0.2 at η=0.8. A larger value of tf may be a possible explanation of (Ms-Mw)>0.2 in the case of uniform DMF-model. Generally, a fault zone has a finite length and non-uniform thickness. The slip propagation requires the stress concentration at the tip of slip plane. It is assumed that the slip amount required for the slip propagation is equal to that of the critical weakening displacement that is necessary for the fracture of AS, and that the slip amount is constant throughout DZ. It is found that as the DZ thickness decreases to zero, the apparent fracture energy approaches twice the strain energy accumulated in AS, per unit area. This suggests that the slip propagation most likely is suppressed when the tip of the slip goes into the DMZ thinner than that around AS. This makes the fault area small compared with that of a standard earthquake for the same AS size, and this makes δt larger. This is another explanation. Conclusion: (Ms-Mw)> 0.2 occurs in the following cases. 1) For a standard earthquake, the seismic wave efficiency is 0.8 or more. 2) The average stress drop amount is larger than that of a standard earthquake. The larger stress drop amount is caused by the reasons as follows 2-1) the shear fracture strength of AS is larger than the case of standard earthquake, 2-2) the damage zone thickness is small outside the AS area. This means a case where the fault plane is geometrically non-uniform. The reason for the (Ms-Mw)>0.2 in the inland earthquake is that the earthquakes occur on the faults of more complicated structure than the SSS17-12 JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017


With interpreting image features,monitoring on land area of desertification and desertification degree was completed in the paper.On the basis,the authors analyzed the change trend of desertification in central Asia from 1989 to 2009.The results showed that the method used in the paper had an appropriate reliability and practicality,which could be utilized to monitor the dynamic change of desertification fast in a large scale.


55 Applied Rheology | Volume 28 (2018) | Issue 2 One goal of this conference is to include the entire rheological community from undergraduate to senior re searchers and offer opportunities for junior researchers to present their work. This was realised, with re gistrations from a wide range of rheologists from across the two countries. It was also rewarded with interesting and valuable presentations from many junior researchers. Diversity in the rheology community is also valued. To continue progress towards this goal, speakers were selected from both Korea and Australia and 3 female keynote speakers Hyun Wook Jung, Korea, Chiara Neto, University of Sydney and Heather Shewan, University of Queensland were selected from a total of eight (Kwang Soo Cho, Kyungpook National University, Korea, Stefan Kasapis, RMIT University, Ju Min Kim, Ajou University, Korea, Joung Sook Hong, Korea, Jaewook Nam, Korea). A conference highlight was the presentation of the Australian Society of Rheology Medallion to R. R. Huilgol. To be eligible for the award it was confirmed that R. R. Huilgol is a rheologist, resident in Australia, whose contributions to rheology have been internationally recognized as outstanding and meritorious. This is evidenced by publication of three books on the continuum mechanics of viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials that have been highly acclaimed internationally in addition to a significant body of journal articles on a broad range of subjects related to rheology, including major contribuThe 9th Joint conference between the Australian and Korean Societies was held from November 29th to December 1st 2017. This conference is held biannually and organized alternately by Australian Society of Rheology or Korean Society of Rheology. The conference was hosted for the second time in Sydney, by Ahmad Jabbarzadeh, in the new Sydney Nano Institute on the beautiful University of Sydney Campus in Camperdown. This conference was well attended with over 60 registrations and 35 talks over the three days including invited keynote presentations from both Australian and Korean researchers. There was excellent variety in the talks including both theoretical and experimental rheology, fundamental and industry based problems and both synthetic materials such as polymers and biological materials such as biopolymers and waste sludge. This variety was exemplified by the three plenary speakers: Kyung Hyun Ahn, Seoul National University, Korea who spoke about building up the picture of materials processing at different length scales; Eric Shaq feh, Stanford University, USA, who presented a very well received talk on a variety of systems containing suspen ded particles in complex fluids, and Raja Huilgol, Flinders University, Australia who presented his ASR Medallion Lecture – A Particle Distribution Function Approach to The Equations of Continuum Mechanics in Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates: Newtonian And Non-Newtonian Fluids. 9th Australian-Korean Rheology Conference


Neural networks usually suffer from model performance problems due to high variance. Ensemble techniques refer to the method of combining multiple models resulting in improving the overall performance of the model. The overall performance can be improved by combining the predictions from multiple models having a good accuracy instead of highly tuning the models, to reduce the variance of predictions and reduce the error due to generalization. In this paper, the different types of ensemble techniques such as stacking ensemble, horizontal voting, and weight average ensemble are being discussed which can be used to improve the model accuracy. The numerous disadvantages of hyperparameter tuning like the wrong choice of parameters, overfitting, and other inefficient optimizing strategies can be overcome using ensemble techniques. The ensemble techniques have numerous advantages such as improving the model performances, reduction of model variance, and so on. Accuracy is improved because results are obtained using the mean predictions of the number of sub-models and the performance is improved with the learning weights of each of


Photosensitizer-promoted photoaddition reactions of N-α-trimethylsilyl-N-alkylglycinates with DMAD were conducted to explore the scope of glycinate substrates and how product distributions can be influenced by structural nature of glycinates. The results show that two competitive reaction pathways are involved, in which one route is cycloaddition of in situ formed azomethine ylides to DMAD to generate pyrroles and the other is Michael addition of in situ generated secondary amines to DMAD to produce enamino-esters. Importantly, product distributions patterns are dependent on structural nature of glycinates and kinds of photosensitizers. Especially, photoaddition reaction of cyclic glycinate took place chemoselectively to produce pyrrole adduct.


The invention relates to a pulley (1) with a profile essentially pot-shaped, WHICH IS LIMITED AT LEAST ONE PART axial direction with a washer (2) Front formed in a single piece. WASHER (2) FRONTAL is constituted as ESTORNIJA (3) A SHOCK (4) Torsional vibration. THE ESTORNIJA (3) is connected by means of a ring (5) MATERIAL damping elastomer with a ring (6) INERTIA.


The basis of controlled cooling technique of 30MnSi pre-stressed concrete wire for pipe pile is expatiated,the technical requirements for 30MnSi bars and the features of the controlled cooling itself discussed,and the specific controlled cooling procedure designed as well in the paper.


Fulltext link (free subscription): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260019552_A_mulher_macaense_do_novo_milnio_ps-colonial_e_ponte_entre_culturas; Paper at the III International Conference: The Voice and Choice of Portuguese Women in the Diaspora in Macau and Elsewhere, Macau, China, 15-22 May 2007.


We investigated starch and protein formation and accumulation in the seed of Ginkgo biloba L. In the testa, starch granules and protein bodies (PBs) started to form and accumulate 30 days after pollination; they decreased in size and completely disappeared before maturity. In the endosperm, starch granules began to accumulate 45 days after pollination, and the number and size of starch granules increased gradually within 65 days after pollination. Starch granules, which were mainly produced in plastids, proliferated mainly by constricting in the center and dividing to form smaller granules. Before harvest, there were ellipsoidal or irregularly shaped types, including A-type starch granules and some B- and C-type starch granules. In addition, PBI and PBII formed mainly in the outermost cells of the endosperm. However, the starch granules and protein bodies in endosperm cells around the embryo disappeared completely. The embryo cells contained many organelles, C-type starch granules, and PBI-type protein bodies. These results suggested that the starch granules were A-, B-, and C-types, and the protein bodies were PBI- and PBII-types in G. biloba. In addition, there were many significant differences in the formation, accumulation, and types of starch granules and protein bodies among the testa, endosperm, and embryo.


Abstract : Th use of radio for alerting and warning the public of civil defense emergencies is shown to be technically feasible at a per capita expenditure of less than $10. Standard broadcast radio is the basis of the warning element and either standard broadcast or low frequency radio is the basis of the alert element. Several optional system configurations are described, of different cost and effectiveness, to realize rapid and responsive public warning by radio. A program is recommended to carry on the development of a comprehensive radio warning system, based on the use of the public's broadcast radio receivers operated in conjunction with alert receivers to be provided. (Author)


Since the result of R.P. Feynman on representing the initial value solution of Schrodinger Equation by means of an analytically time continued integration on a infinite dimensional space of functions, the subject of Euclidean Functional Integrals representations for Quantum Systems has became the mathematical operational framework to analyze Quantum Phenomena and stochastic systems as showed in the previous decades of research on Theoretical Physics ([1]–[3]). One of the most important open problem in the mathematical theory of Euclidean Functional Integrals is that related to implementation of sound mathematical approxima-


We outline the proposal for the doctoral research of heterogeneous statistical language model. The conventional language models can be classifi ed as homogeneous, because the usage of certain structures as the base language units (words or morphemes) in lexicon is fi xed. We, on the contrary, propose not to constrain the language structures to be used in the lexicon beforehand. Our model would allow the insertion of morphemes, words as well as multi-word expressions into the lexicon. For fi nding the optimal lexicon, we propose two criteria: the amount of language covered with the lexicon and the amount of structure of the language preserved. Such structure- preserving model will hopefully lead to better results of certain Natural Language Processing applications, like for example Automatic Speech Recognition or Machine Translation.


Cooperation between the University of the Republic (Uruguay) and CSIC from Spain (Ref. 2005UY0001).
DINACYT-Uruguay, Project of the Technological Development Program PDT # 45/14 which included the doctoral thesis work of MSc. Rosario Guerequiz.
CYTED Iberoarsen Network and the International Medical Geology Association contributed with scientific and technical support to improve the knowledge on environmental arsenic and health impacts, with a multidisciplinary approach in Uruguay.
This work was performed under the Research Consolidated Groups SGR-2005-795 PEGEFA (Petrology and Geochemistry Basic and Applied) and SGR-2005-00589 (Mineral Resources), funded by AGAUR-DURSI, Generalitat de Catalunya.


This work reports on the implementation of feedback methods for position control of single Cesium atoms in spin-dependent optical lattices. For this purpose a new control software has been developed. It encapsulates experimental control, fluorescence image acquisition and analysis into a single program. Combining the new software with spin-dependent transport and position-dependent addressing, we have developed a versatile feedback algorithm to deterministically arrange arbitrary patterns of up to 6 atoms. In addition, we have prepared two atoms in a common lattice site. We observed light-assisted collisions between both atoms and thereby characterized the preparation efficiency of 83 ± 4 %. The results pave the way for the study of controlled interactions between precisely two atoms in a single well of the optical lattice potential, enabling the realization of a fundamental quantum logic gate.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genotoxic effects of extractable organic matter(EOM) from coke oven emissions(COEs) and motor vehicle exhausts on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. METHODS:After treated with different concentrations of coke oven- and traffic-EOMs,the genotoxic damage in HepG2 cells were evaluated by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. RESULTS:Significant dose-dependent increases in Olive tail moment, tail DNA(%),and tail length were observed in both coke oven- and traffic-EOMs treated HepG2 cells,except for the Olive tail moment in 0.006 ng/L traffic-EOMs treated group. The micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges frequencies induced by 5.5 μg/L of coke oven EOM increased to a maximum of 3.6 and 2.5 folds,respectively. Coke oven EOM led to a significant increase in nuclear buds frequency that progressively increased to 2.3 fold of the control level after 24 h treatment. The traffic-EOM showed appreciable increases in micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges frequencies over the controls across a range of concentration(0.6-626.3 ng/L). However,compared with the control group,only 63 and 626.3 ng/L traffic-EOM led to significant increases in nuclear buds frequency in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION:Both the coke oven- and traffic-EOMs could induce DNA strand breaks and genomic instability in the metabolically competent HepG2 cells. The comet assay could provide a sensitive method for rapid screening of the genotoxicity of low concentrations of environmental complex mixtures.


It has been a long time. The first volume of Derek Beales's biography of Joseph II took about as long to write as the Holy Roman Emperor's 15-year co-regency with his mother Maria Theresa, the ruler of the Habsburg or Austrian Monarchy, in 1765–80.(1) The second volume occupied its author for more than twice the span of Joseph's breathless sole reign in the Monarchy.(2) Much has changed since 1987. Despite being 200 pages shorter than its successor, volume I is actually the thicker of the two. It has reassuringly textured, off-white paper, rather than the smooth but thin white pages of the second volume, and it is stitched, rather than glued. The editors of the second volume have missed a few spaces and cross-references. 'That's progress...' some may sigh. Presumably Maria Theresa, but not Joseph, would sigh with them. For it must be acknowledged that it helps the reader to have the illustrations at the relevant points in the text, rather than assembled into groups of plates. And the illustrations are as crisply reproduced as they are well chosen. We are told by the author, who exhibits exemplary courtesy in thanking and acknowledging the assistance and contributions of others, of the care that has been taken to ensure that the format of the second volume matches the first as closely as possible. On the whole, this is a handsome tome. We shall see how well it weathers the next 20 years and more, for this book will surely stand for many decades as the most authoritative work on its endlessly fascinating subject, and a gold standard of historical biography.


Learning is any technique that in living creatures prompts never-ending limit change and which isn't solely a direct result of characteristic advancement of developing. The complexity associated with learning and the fact that it start from birth till death makes it a cumbersome procedure. It incorporates certainly more than reasoning: the whole character resources, feelings, impulse, values and will. Many conventional approaches fail to inculcate the above parameters which increase the cumbersomeness of learning coupled with problems of assimilation. If we don't have the will to learn, we won't learn and if we have learned, we are truly changed by one way or another. The focus of this paper is to propose an architecture that was designed with special emphasis on enhancing adaptive elearning. This architecture uses the learning style of learner to produce learning contents peculiar to such learner and as such difficulties associated with comprehension is totally aborted and thereby making learning easier.


This paper describes briefly the building water supply pipe,heating pipe and fire pipe,such as CPVC,PP-R,PB and so on. It compares their properties,respectively,and focouses on the performance of the new plastic pipe,the results may be useful for people to choose the appropriate pipes.


Particles in an acoustic standing wave experience a force directed towards pressure nodes or antinodes depending upon particle and host fluid properties. The observation of cork dust banding in air was first reported in 1866 by Kundt, but only recently has there been a renewed interest in utilizing such acoustic forces as a means for practical separation processes in liquids. Applications in biotechnology include two‐phase partitioning, agglutination, electro‐acoustic cell fusion, and cell retention systems. This talk describes a continuous flow stream with a perpendicularly oriented standing wave in a half or quarter wavelength resonator. This allows a continuous separation process in which the output flow can be split into several streams of different particle concentration, type, or size. Since the acoustic force depends on a particle's compressibility (as well as size and density contrast), there exists a unique opportunity to separate particles based on this property, not currently available in other...


ABSTRACT CD37 is a membrane protein of the tetraspanin superfamily, which includes CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82. Many of these molecules are expressed on leukocytes and have been implicated in signal transduction, cell-cell interactions, and cellular activation and development. We generated and analyzed mice deficient for CD37. Despite the high expression of CD37 on cells of the immune system, no changes in development and cellular composition of lymphoid organs were observed in mice lacking CD37. Analyses of humoral immune responses revealed a reduced level of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in the sera of nonimmunized mice and an alteration of responses to T-cell-dependent antigens. Antibody responses to model antigen administered in the absence of adjuvant and to viral infections were generally poor in CD37-deficient mice. These poor antibody responses could be overcome by the immunization of antigen together with adjuvant. These results suggest a role for CD37 in T-cell–B-cell interactions which manifests itself under suboptimal costimulatory conditions.


The need for self-managing Multihop MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) arose recently, where the network rapidly adapts to the changes of the environment without any central control. One of the challenges is how to spread the information fast and resource-effectively in the network. This paper presents a novel adaptive framework, which utilizes natural selection for choosing the adequate message forwarding algorithms for changing environments. The survival of the competing algorithms depends on their efficiency, while the fitness evaluation is made locally without overhead generating performance feedback. Performance evaluations were carried out in our simulation platform tailored to a self-managing MANET environment, to analyze the performance measures of different message forwarding algorithms.


Objective: To examine fatal drowning associated with aquatic rescues and prior self‐reported experience of undertaking an aquatic rescue in Australia.


No-tillage is a system based on cultivating the soil without previous plowing. In this way, the crop residues are left on the topsoil, creating a permanent layer which protects against hydric and wind erosion. According to FAO, Conservation agriculture is a concept for resourcesaving agricultural crop production which is based on enhancing natural and biological process above and below the ground.


The portrayal of images from different cultures is a process of cultural imagination through which one's subjective consciousness is clearly illustrated.Biased opinions arise from personal experiences,social influences of the imagining subject.From the perspectives of cultural imagination and critical theories about "the other",the paper deciphers John Updike's Terrorist,exploring the features of the cultural imagination in his writing,such as: his portrayal of Muslim images out of his morbid subjective imagination.Updike's writing is line with the western tradition of the oriental presentation of Islamic and Arabic worlds,reflecting the collective interpretation of the culture of "the other"in the post-9 /11 western world.


Attention is called to the neglect of linear algebras not representable by matrices in the formation and study of possible relativistic wave equations. An eight-unit non-associative algebra of Cayley is used to construct a bilocal wave equation obeying a continuity equation and possessing invariance under bilocal gauge and (proper) Lorentz transformations. Mass terms are extracted from the equations and particle and interaction interpretations are briefly discussed.


The curriculum of teacher educaion in the secondary school consists of three areas of general educaion, subject-matter specilization, and teaching practicum. The purpose of the study was intendeel to evaluate the theoretical rationale and efficiency of the educaion courses in teacher educaion and to probide with an improved model of them.
Since there has been no rational for constructing courses and no criteria for evaluating the efficiency of education courses, first of all, the study was identified the professional kinoledge and skills required for teachers in terms of reviewing such previous researches as of throretical approach of thecher educaion, teacher profession, teacher evaluation and educaional programs, and teacher knowledge and skills.
The conclusions of the study was as follows:
First, teachers knowledge and skills in secondary schools are summarized in three areas, thus, instruction, student guidance, and professional specialit. Second, it is desirable that education foundations courses be constructed with prolotional weights of 40 % in instruction area, 30% in student guidance area, and 30% in professional speciality area.
Third, the courses of each area are recommended as follose : priciples of educaional curriculum, principles of learning and instruction, instructional design and skills, deucaional technology, and educaional evaluation for the area of instructionm, educaional psycholoigy, student guidance, sounseling, and classroom management for the area of student guidance, and priciples of educaion, educaional history and philosphy, educaionsl socialogy, and educaional administraion for the area of professional speciality. Fourth, since the unit contents of each sourses in teacher educaion have been so theoretical and academic oriented, they should be reconstructed to be sencitive to educaional practice.


Currently, the use of alternative medicine is necessary, even in animals. Our study focused on the valorisation of the use of herbal products in Algerian veterinary medicine. This study is based on a 6-month exploratory survey of 257 private practicing veterinarians, followed by a study of the bacteriological activity of the essential oil of the Pistacia lentiscus plant. The survey results generally  indicate that private veterinarians support phytotherapy as an alternative to conventional drugs in several areas and species. Also, the results of research conducted on the antibacterial activity of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil show that it inactivates 50% of the bacterial strains. This confirms the well defined role of this medicinal plant used as an alternative in veterinary medicine.


Operations and support (O&S) costs account for between 50 and 60% of the Navy's Total Obligation Authority (TOA). Affordable Readiness is the primary means by which the Navy will reduce these costs to create savings for investments in recapitalization and modernization of operational capability necessary to perform our mission. Affordable readiness is a business practice with four interrelated elements: flexible sustainment; sustained maintenance planning; total cost of ownership; and rightsourcing. Our challenge in the Automatic Test Systems (ATS) community is to engage in this process to provide a capability such that when avionics reliability requires it, intermediate level support is an effective and affordable support solution. We must, however, re-engineer our business processes to support affordable readiness in the Navy to ensure the products we provide meet our customers requirements. This paper will translate the business processes of acquiring and managing automatic test equipment (ATE) and test program sets (TPSs) into the four elements of affordable readiness and a cohesive vision of the future, while highlighting the opportunities end challenges confronting Government managers and our industry partners.