Introduction The colours are the necessary tools to transform a drawing to an icon or painting. Although the message of an icon that a spectator perceives is the result of the combination of the drawing and the colours, the latter constitute an independent "entity" as they convey their own messages/meanings. Although people respond to different colours in different ways, there is usually a symbolism that it is hidden behind the use of a particular colour. In the religious Byzantine iconography the "colour language" uses its own rules of communication and symbolizes its own meanings. For example, the purple colour represents (usually) "power" while the use of a reddish hue is many times chosen to represent "divine love". White usually stands for "purity". The above attempt to clarify the symbolic meanings of the colours is based on the Byzantine iconographic tradition. However, further decryption of the "colour language" requires the identification of the colouring materials used to provide the desired hues. Furthermore, the analysis of the colouring components of an icon, or more general of an art object of the cultural heritage, contributes to the optimization of the


first decade, rather than the 1790s or earlier is ultimately unconvincing. Traces of seventeenthand eighteenth-century political discourses are integral to the theoretical make-up of Bentham, the Mills, and the romantics, among others; defending such a rigid boundary (however convenient it may prove to the book's organization and rationale) deprives the reader of a full understanding of the interplay between historical circumstances and intellectual tradition embedded in the work of these figures. MICHAEL KENNY University of Sheffield


Both in the literature and as a matter of clinical experience, there has been a general impression that diabetics have an increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. The largest study in the literature is that of Root, who obtained roentgenograms on 1659 consecutive diabetic patients between 1927 and 1930. The present study was launched as a joint project of the Philadelphia Tuberculosis and Health Association and of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, with a committee of 14 specialists representing the fields of tuberculosis, roentgenology and diabetes. This paper is a condensation of the full report recently published, which consists of 50 pages, including 56 tables. From December 1945 through February 1947, diabetics were interviewed and data were recorded on two questionnaires—one during the patient interview and the other by the private or clinic physician. The diabetics were x-rayed at two units and the films mixed with those of many hundreds of nondiabetics being routinely surveyed. Two of us (K.R.B. and D.A.C.) interpreted every film of the diabetics and each was unaware whether the film being interpreted was of a diabetic or of a nondiabetic. There was no possibility of any unconscious bias.


We used the variational method in lattice gauge theory to calculate the chiral order parameter φφ in the Schwinger model with Wilson fermions.


One mononuclear Ni(Ⅱ) complex Ni(H2bpd)[NH(CH2COO)2](H2O)2(H2bpd = bis(2-pyridyl)methanediol) was synthesized and structurally characterized by using IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction method.The complex crystallizes in monoclinic system,space group P2(1)/c with a=1.031 05(3),b=1.003 52(3),c=1.747 270(10) nm,β=106.232(2)°,Z=4,Dc=1.638 g/cm3,μ=1.169 mm-1,F(000)=888,R=0.087 4,wR2=0.172 8.The metal Ni atom is coordinated with three N atoms and three O atoms of the two ligands,forming a distorted octahedral geometry.In virtue of H-bond,π-π and CH-π interactions,the 3-D network of the complex is formed.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects all components of the neurovascular unit. The hallmark pathology of AD, amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, aggregate within gray matter areas and spread across neural networks. Although AD pathology is scarce within white matter brain regions, white matter abnormalities have been observed in AD patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; Sachdev et al 2013) and white matter tracts are putative therapeutic targets for deep brain stimulation (Lam et al 2020). Particularly, the fornix is a white matter tract which connects the hippocampus to brain regions of the classic Papez circuit and Default Mode Network (DMN). A recent whole brain analysis using transgenic 5xFAD/Thy1‐GFP mouse (Zhang et al 2020) found evidence of fornix degeneration and dystrophic axon terminals within the mammillary body (a major SUB target) occurring as early as 2 months of age. However, due to the broad expression of GFP under the Thy1 promotor, it is difficult to determine the origin of axon fibers and further characterize if other SUB pathways are also affected.


The following study aims to determine the effect of providing motivation, work facilities, occupational safety and health on employee performance at the Tulangan Sidoarjo District Office. The type of research carried out in this thesis uses quantitative research. The sampling technique in this study used a saturated sampling technique where all employees of the District Office of Tulangan Sidoarjo, amounting to 49 employees, were used as respondents. The results of the study prove that motivation has a positive and partially significant effect on the employee performance variable, the work facilities variable has a positive and partially significant effect on the employee performance variable, the occupational safety and health variable has a positive and partially significant effect on the employee performance variable, the motivation variable, work facilities, occupational safety and health have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on employee performance. Keywords – Motivation, work facilities, occupational safety and health, employee performance.


Objective To study a new treatment of for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) and Evans syndromes.Methods 56 patients suffering from idiop thrombbocytopenic purpura and Evans syndromes adopted in our department from 2000to 2006 were divided into two groups randomly.New treatment of partial spleen embolization combined with spleen artery vincristine in fusion was given to 30 cases of patients and other 26 cases received only partial spleen embolization as the control group.Results The transient curative effects within one month in two groups had no significant difference while the difference of treatment effects between short(6 moth) and long(2 year) terms was significant.ConclusionPartial spleen embolization can produce better curative effects if combined with vincristine to treat ITP and Evans syndromes.


The paper sketches a novel, usage-based framework - Diachronic Probabilistic Grammar (DPG - to analyze variation and change in diachrony. The approach...


The components of phenotypic variance attributable to maternal lineage for production traits of the UK Holstein Friesian dairy population were estimated. First lactation production records of 55 230 cows calving between 1996-1998 in the UK Holstein Friesian population were used in the analysis. Maternal pedigree records were traced back to 1960 to establish maternal lineages. The tracing resulted in 36 320 cows being assigned to 11 786 cow families with more than one cow per maternal lineage. Using test day records it was possible to explore aspects of the lactation curve in terms of persistency and different periods of production. The traits analysed were 305-day milk yield and composition traits, the first three milk yield tests of lactation and two measures of persistency. A contemporary record design was used to minimize pair-wise additive direct genetic relationships between cows within a maternal lineage and to remove both the effect of heterogeneous variance over time and the complications of permanent environment effects. No significant component of variance attributable to maternal lineage was found for yield traits. When data were restricted to maternal lineages with five or move records, persistency, as a untie of cumulative yield in the last third to that in the first third of a 300-day lactation, was estimated to have a 4.4% component due to maternal lineage variance significant at the 5% level. The study also investigated the preferential treatment of cow families. Some evidence of maternal lineage X herd interaction was found.


Objectives This pilot study aimed to 1) follow the longitudinal changes in the salivary oxytocin level of pregnant women from late pregnancy to early postpartum, 2) examine the factors related to these changes, and 3) clarify the association of these changes with mother-infant bonding. Methods This study used a longitudinal observational design and questionnaires to obtain objective and subjective data. For oxytocin evaluation, saliva samples were collected and their oxytocin levels were measured at 4-time points [i.e., 1) 36–37 gestation weeks, 2) 38–39 gestation weeks, 3) 1–2 days postpartum, 4) 4–5 days postpartum]. The oxytocin level was assayed in duplicates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline data were evaluated using the Parental Bonding Instrument (25 items), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (20 items), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Postpartum data were evaluated using the Mother to Infant Bonding Scale Japanese Version (10 items), Maternity Blues Scale (13 items), and 'Fatigue after Childbirth' using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS: 0–100 mm). Results The participants were 13 primiparas with a mean age of 33 years. They had no depression or anxiety at the baseline. Their mean salivary oxytocin levels significantly increased from late pregnancy (36–39 gestation weeks) up to 1 day postpartum and then decreased until 5 days postpartum. There was a negligible correlation between the bonding disorder and the salivary oxytocin level on the 5th day after childbirth. A moderate correlation was observed between the maternity blues score and the salivary oxytocin level. There was a significant negative correlation between the postpartum fatigue and the salivary oxytocin level 1 day and 5 days after childbirth. Conclusion The mean salivary oxytocin levels significantly increased from the baseline up to 1 day postpartum and then decreased until 5 days postpartum. The salivary oxytocin level was moderately associated with maternity blues and significantly with postpartum fatigue.


Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluids having the magnetic field dependent viscosity is responsible for the variable
damping coefficient of MR dampers. The energy dissipated by the MR damper has a direct influence of the total magnetic flux density in the


A variety of complex dark brown organic solids called tholins have been produced from a mixture of cosmically abundant gases upon irradiation with ultraviolet light or electrical discharges (Sagan and Khare 1979). Such tholins were probably produced in the primitive solar nebula that contributed to the present composition of carbonaceous chondrites, comets, interstellar grains and gas. Spark tholins produced from approximately equimolar mixtures of CH 4 and NH 3 , with 2.6% H 2 0 exhibit 50% thermal dissociation temperature of about 900°C. Sequential and non-sequential pyrolysis followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry are employed to study both UV (Khare et al. 1978) and spark tholins. Typical pyrolyzates of spark tholins include alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbon, abundant nitriles, pyrroles, pyrazines and alkylbenzenes. Organic molecules uncovered by microwave line spectroscopy of the interstellar gas are plausibly derived as spallation products of interstellar tholins comparable to the origin we propose for cometary nitriles and aldehydes as the spallation products of the cometary tholins. Spark tholins are highly insulating. Their measured resistivity is 71.4 × 10 8 ohms-cm and does not change up to a pressure of 10 5 bars.


This paper examines the role of bank ownership structure on capital structure by [using the financial and ownership data from Caprio et al. (2007) that covered 244 banks across 44 countries]. We classified banks across the countries with geographical regional dummies indicating if the banks are located in Asia, Africa and Latin America (the reference category being OECD countries). We find that family-owner managed firms tend to have a lower debt. In addition, excessive control right of the controlling owner may significantly increase bank leverage. We suggest that in a family-owner managed firms there should be more dilution of ownership so that minority are not exploited as too much loan may lower bank value. Thus, banks need to be better regulated as excessive leverage has been identified as one of the reasons for the current financial crisis.


While there are several other stakeholders in a university system, students are considered to be one of the key stakeholders. Therefore, to attain university good governance, the students' own governance through quality leadership must be of high standards. However, despite its critical importance, the students' leadership in African universities has not been analyzed enough by many scholars. The paper discusses the students' own governance using two cases studies. One of the case studies is on students' government democratization processes at the University of Dar es Salaam and the other is on a need of embedding students' leadership development programmes at the Mzumbe University. The paper demonstrates that depending on the leadership qualities, usually of the students' president, performance rates of these one-year terms differ substantially. Whereas some of the presidents achieve a lot, some spend most of their time defending themselves lest they are toppled by their rivals and some succumb to populist tendencies which at times may cause a number of crises such as the forced closure of universities. The paper is concluded by pointing out that if African universities have to attain their missions, which include fostering socioeconomic development of the citizens, developing leadership skills and competence of the students such as emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, self-confidence, and extroversion must be one of their key agendas. This is because most of the students' leaders end up becoming society leaders apart from ensuring the smooth running of the universities. 1 Paper to be presented at the Fourth Higher Education Forum, September 13-14, Arusha, Tanzania.


A generalised content-based image quality assessment technique is proposed in this paper. Different from many existing image quality metrics, where the digital image quality is evaluated by comparing with a reference image and a single 'exact' value is provided for the purpose of 'accurately' quantifying the image quality, our proposed method defines the image quality metric based on the theory of the rough fuzzy integral and a region (with a pair of the boundary values) is presented to estimate the image quality instead of a scalar value. The new philosophy for the proposed 'rough' content-based image quality metric lays on the acceptance of the uncertainty of subjective image quality assessment through the human visual system (HVS) and addresses this kind of uncertainty by applying the rigorous mathematical concept of the rough and fuzzy set on the standard content-based image quality analysis. Therefore, the proposed method is a good mimicking of the subjective image quality assessment and meets the ac...


The live streaming of omnidirectional video (ODV) on mobile devices demands considerable network resources; thus, current mobile networks are incapable of providing users with high-quality ODV equivalent to conventional flat videos. We observe that mobile devices, in fact, underutilize graphics processing units (GPUs) while processing ODVs; hence, we envisage an opportunity exists in exploiting video super-resolution (VSR) for improved ODV quality. However, the device-specific discrepancy in GPU capability and dynamic behavior of GPU frequency in mobile devices create a challenge in providing VSR-enhanced ODV streaming. In this paper, we propose OmniLive, an on-device VSR system for mobile ODV live streaming. OmniLive addresses the dynamicity of GPU capability with an anytime inference-based VSR technique called Omni SR. For Omni SR, we design a VSR deep neural network (DNN) model with multiple exits and an inference scheduler that decides on the exit of the model at runtime. OmniLive also solves the performance heterogeneity of mobile GPUs using the Omni neural architecture search (NAS) scheme. Omni NAS finds an appropriate DNN model for each mobile device with Omni SR-specific neural architecture search techniques. We implemented OmniLive as a fully functioning system encompassing a streaming server and Android application. The experiment results show that our anytime VSR model provides four times upscaled videos while saving up to 57.15% of inference time compared with the previous super-resolution model showing the lowest inference time on mobile devices. Moreover, OmniLive can maintain 30 frames per second while fully utilizing GPUs on various mobile devices.


The main theme of this application is to provide an algorithm color image watermark to manage the scaling and translation. In the existing watermarki ng algorithms, those exploited robust features are more or less related to pixel position, so they cannot be more robust again st the attacks. In order to solve this problem t parameters rather than the pixel position for water marking. Two statistical features such as the histo gram shape and the mean Gaussian filtered low-frequency component of images are taken for this pr oposed application to algorithm robust to attacks and also interpolation technique is used to increase the number of bites t o be needed


Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 (Sur1) is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to cerebral edema, hemorrhage progression, and possibly neuroprotection in multiple forms of acute brain injury. Sur1 inhibition may be protective, and is actively undergoing evaluation in Phase-2/3 trials of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. In adult TBI, Sur1 expression is associated with intracranial hypertension and contusion expansion- its role in pediatric TBI remains unexplored. We tested 61 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 16 pediatric severe TBI patients enrolled in the multicenter Phase-3 randomized controlled 'Cool Kids' trial and 7 non-brain injured pediatric controls for Sur1 expression by ELISA. Linear mixed models evaluated associations between mean Sur1 and intracranial pressure (ICP) over the first 7 days and GOS-E Peds over the initial year after injury. Sur1 was undetectable in control CSF, and increased vs. control in 9/16 TBI patients. Mean Sur1 was not associated with age, sex, or therapeutic hypothermia. Each 1-point increase in initial GCS was associated with a 1.68 ng/mL decrease in CSF Sur1. CSF Sur1 was associated increased ICP over 7 days ( = 0.73, p=0.004) and worse (higher) GOS-E Peds score ( = 0.24, p=0.004). In this exploratory pediatric study, CSF Sur1 was undetectable in controls and variably elevated in severe TBI. Mean CSF Sur1 concentration was associated with ICP and outcome. These findings are distinct from our prior report in adults with severe TBI, where Sur1 was universally detected. Sur1 may be a viable therapeutic target in a subset of pediatric TBI, and further study is warranted.


This paper quantitatively compares the spectrum characteristics between Fabry-Perot interferometer with gain medium and diffraction grating spectrometer.The results show that the spectrum characteristics of F-P interferometer with gain medium is better obviously than that of diffraction grating.A more desirable choice is provided for studing the fine structure of spectroscopy.


expensive equipment. Today, DSP has become one of the key enabling technologies for information technology, computing and communication services. The ultimate goal for those working with DSP is the development of integrated systems that will process and manipulate all types of digital media such as speech, images, text and graphics. DSP in telecommunication is a rich subject, and to do it justice would require much more space than is available in this issue. The paper by Marwan AlAkaidi describes a wide range of speech coders that are used in various applications of telecommunications, including a recently developed family of codeexcitated linear prediction coders that cater to the industry's need for low bit-rate transmission. The article then identifies future research trends that use


Kohonen [1,2] has developed an algorithm with self-organising properties for a twodimensional network of adaptive elements. These elements receive signals from an event space and the signal representations are automatically mapped onto a set of output responses in such a way that these responses acquire the same topological order as that of the primary events. In the description of the algorithm [1],the parameters used for the selforganising process were determined by "experience" or "numerous simulations" and some "rules of thumb" were only mentioned. In this work, the Kohonen algorithm was implemented and tested with several probability test data sets. The parameters α (gain sequence) and N (size of the neighbourhood), and the decreasing rate of N were analysed to find its optimum values.


government used Brandt's Ostpolitik model, which included closer ties to East Germany, as a model for similar policies with its northern neighbor. Though these initiatives never bore fruit, they did result in a reduction of tensions between the two countries. It could be argued that the United States and the Soviet Union were linchpins of Ostpolitik, since, without their support, Brandt's visionary policies could not have worked. And in many ways, Ostpolitik was a means of testing how far Soviet-American policies of detente could go in transforming the global political and diplomatic landscape of the Cold War. Yet, according to Holger Klitzing, Brandt's policy was met with an "ambigious mix of encouragement, tolerance, suspicion, and jealousy" (80) in Washington. Henry Kissinger, Richard Nixon's secretary of state, was fearful that Ostpolitik would lead to a rise in German nationalism. As Andrey Edemskiy notes in his article, the Kremlin's view of Ostpolitik was just as tortured. Iurii Andropov, the head of the KGB, opened a "back door" channel to Bonn that ultimately led to a Soviet-West German rapprochement centering around a series of agreements known as the "eastern treaties." As Fink and Schaefer note in their conclusion, what followed was a revolutionary shift in Cold War diplomacy that led to, among other things, a West German rapprochement with the Soviet Union, Bonn's recognition of Europe's contemporary borders, and formal diplomatic ties with East Germany. And unlike the hidebound ideologically driven policies of the Cold War, Ostpolitik was driven by a mixture of history and "touches of idealism and practicality" (269). Perhaps nothing better symbolized the pragmatic, historical thrust of Brandt's policies than his visit in late 1970 to the striking Monument to the Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Brandt had just come from placing a wreath at Poland's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, which is also a monument to all those who died in Polish wars centuries earlier. At the monument to the brave Jews who in 1943 resisted German efforts to close what was once the Nazis' largest ghetto, Brandt fell to his knees. According to Krzysztof Ruchniewicz, Brandt was moved to tears. Mieczyslaw F. Rakowski, the editor-inchief of Polityka, who attended the ceremony, later wrote that he, like many in the crowd, was deeply touched by Brandt's emotion. The German chancellor, he added, "amazes [and] demands our respect and admiration" (46). In most instances, edited works fail because of a lack of thematic unity and uneven scholarship. This is certainly not the case in this work, which is both well researched and well written. If it suffers from anything, it is lack of breadth, chronologically speaking, and a scholarly bibliography. In the former case, perhaps the authors should consider a followup volume that will deal widi the longer range impact of Ostpolitik.


This study dis- cusses the making of an alternative wireless antenna made ??out of pan and a wireless radio receiver is to use a USB WiFi. The objective of this antenna is to make a cheap antenna but has the same function as a wireless receiver on the market. In this study also discusses the reception of wireless radio signals and comparing the strength of the signal received by the antenna pan than without using an antenna. We make this antenna can be applied in everyday life to build a computer network without cables in oces, schools, and housing.


A parametric array is a nonlinear conversion process that generates a narrow beam of low-frequency sound using a small aperture and that is used in active underwater SONAR and communication systems. A parametric array generates a highly directional difference frequency wave (DFW) by nonlinear interaction of bi-frequency primary waves at higher frequencies. However, it is difficult to measure the parametric array effect in the near distance of the transducer, because the high-pressure level of the primary waves may cause the receiving transducer to provide with pseudo-sound signals of difference frequency by its nonlinearity. The pseudo-sound signals make it difficult to measure the real DFW due to the parametric array process. In this study, we confirmed the existence of pseudo-sound and its effects on measurement of the near-distance DFW by the parametric array using numerical simulations based on the KZK equation. Also, a newly designed acoustic filter was proposed to eliminate pseudo-sound signals. Thi...


Satellite network, multiply satellites cooperated, can perform the complicated observation tasks. Also, how to schedule the task is critical in the whole satellite system. As a kind of NP Hard problem, it is defined as a combinatorial optimization problem with a number of resources, requests, and constraints. The existing researches mainly focus on a satellite or a type of satellite. Furthermore, this paper proposed an approach of tasks scheduling with the department collaborative mechanism. It contains three respects of work: First, adopting the department collaborative mechanism makes it possible for delicacy management and planning as a whole. Then, we built a multi-agent based tasks scheduling model to solve the interaction problem among the cooperative departments and satellites. Finally, a contract net algorithm with allowing reschedule is presented for solving the dynamic task scheme. Simulation experiments verified the models and algorithms above.


This report relates to the observation on the effect of magnesium upon age hardening and corrosion resistance of Al-Mg-Si alloys, when the alloy contains excess magnesium to the stoichio metric composition of Mg2Si.The following results were obtained:1) On the effect of heat treatment; excess magnesium acts negatively.2) But, corrosion resistance increases with excess of magnesium.3) Comparing with Mg 1.0%, Si 0.6% alloy, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are noted in fairly increase with the alloy of magnesium 1.5-2.5% and silicon 0.7-0.8%.


: Efficient charge transport is a key factor for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The charge transfer at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface is of paramount importance especially for the complex water oxidation reaction. Here, we explored the feasibility of improving the charge transfer at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface by in-situ growth of Co-MOFs through a facile ion-exchanging method. Under optimized conditions, the Co-MOF nanosheets modified hematite gave a photocurrent density of 2.0 mA cm -2 at 1.23 V RHE with a cathodic shift of 180 mV in the photocurrent onset potential, relative to bare α -Fe 2 O 3 . To elucidate the role of Co-MOF, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) measurements were carried out. It is found that the uniformly distributed Co 2+ in Co-MOF possessed excellent hole storage capability and charge transfer efficiency evidenced by the high surface capacitance and extremely low surface charge transfer resistance. Moreover, the in-situ formed Co-MOF showed higher concentration of unsaturated Co-N x than that of powder formed ZIF-67, which facilitated O species chemisorption and accordingly acted as highly active centers for water oxidation.


Abstract : Tracking Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBMs) during boost phase is becoming a requirement for some engagement strategies. The requirement for boost phase tracking can be based on the needs of an early launch doctrine or can be motivated by the availability of a cue provided by an airborne search and track infrared/laser system. The standard filters require that the target being tracked have, respectively, constant velocity or constant acceleration. If a TBM does not have constant acceleration during boost a filter may not provide valid estimates of the TBM's position and velocity and, as a result, may not be able to maintain track. TBM boost profiles assuming a constant thrust and a constant rate of fuel consumption show a hyperbolically increasing acceleration. This paper presents and analyses a Kalman filter designed to track a missile experiencing hyperbolically increasing acceleration during boost phase. For purposes of comparison, the tracking results of an alpha-beta filter are provided for a general class of TBMs representative of the threat set.


1. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery produced ischaemia and consequent changes in basal ganglia in the primate model of stroke within 0.5 h.


Focusing on locative inversion, this paper explores data which have the same propositional meaning but show differences in non-propositional ways. A particular concern of this study is the correlation between the presence (or absence) of movement and interpretation. We propose that a movement operation can change the information structure of the moved element, advancing these following key points: (i) We have to allow for EPP-wise strong and weak marking of Nominative NPs and argument PPs when Agree applies. (ii) EPP-wise strong and weak marking of the Goal in the course of Agree operation yields different interpretations in the interpretive component. (iii) In particular, strong Nominative Case-marked NPs which move to Spec of T are interpreted as either old or new information in the interpretive component while the weak ones which stay in their base-generated position are interpreted as new information. (iv) Unlike strong Nominafive NPs, strong PPs which move to Spec of T are interpreted as old information in the interpretive component while the weak ones which stay in-situ are interpreted as either old or new information.


An amorphous-silicon thin-film transistor (TFT) process with a 180 degC maximum temperature using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition has been developed on both novel clear polymer and glass substrates. The gate leakage current, threshold voltage, mobility, and on/off ratio of the TFTs are comparable with those of standard TFTs on glass with deposition temperature of 300 degC-350 degC. Active-matrix pixel circuits for organic light-emitting displays (LEDs) on both glass and clear plastic substrates were fabricated with these TFTs. Leakage current in the switching TFT is low enough to allow data storage for video graphics array timings. The pixels provide suitable drive current for bright displays at a modest drive voltage. Test active matrices with integrated polymer LEDs on glass showed good pixel uniformity, behaved electrically as expected for the TFT characteristics, and were as bright as 1500 cd/m2


This is a case of situs inversus totalis (SIT) in a 22-year-old woman who presented at our facility for routine medical examination of fitness. There were no cardiac or other symptoms to suggest the existence of the anomaly in her before this consultation. Chest radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and computerized tomography of the abdomen (abdominal computed tomography) were done. This case is presented to illustrate the imaging features of SIT and highlight its implications for clinical and radiological practice. This case also adds to the growing body of literature on the existence of this anomaly in our environment.


The RAMBLE protocol provides a decentralized, censorship resistant, Twitter style, public messaging system. Unlike blockchain based messaging which requires expensive proof of work computations, RAMBLE achieves eventual consensus through explicit reconciliation using conflict-free data types. RAMBLE utilizes established distributed P2P techniques, such as gossip and epidemic dispersion, which provide a precise threat model proving high probability of message delivery. Additionally, this paper explores Byzantine failure mitigation techniques and provides scalability and performance analysis of our implementation of the protocol.


The LookAfterRisk project addresses the management of myocardial infarction (MI) patients. The main goal is the development of models for cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment of acute events integrating data from home-mobile technologies, in order to stratify patients according to their care needs. The models are applied at hospital admission, in patients with a first episode of acute MI and are continuously updated when the patient returns home.The scientific goal is the use of computational intelligence methodologies for the development of personalized, interpretable and dynamic models in the risk assessment of acute events, i.e., death/re-hospitalization. Three major scientific challenges are addressed: i) extraction of knowledge from recent datasets using data mining approaches; ii) integration of this knowledge with clinical evidence in a meaningful and interpretable way; iii) update of risk level based on data periodically collected at home during the follow up period.The result is an integrated tele-monitoring platform, merging the advantages of the continuous monitoring provided by low cost mobile technologies with prediction models.The validation is performed in the hospital admission using the largest MI Portuguese dataset (N=16000), provided by the Portuguese Society of Cardiology (PSC). The second phase is based on a home telemonitoring observational study (9 months), involving 50 patients (admitted with a first episode of acute MI). The data collected at patient's home will be: blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol and glycaemia. The project lasts 36 months; the team is composed by University of Coimbra, Leiria Hospital Centre and has the commitment of SPC.


Clinical development of systemically administered myeloid cell agonists has been hindered by acute toxicities due to peripheral activation of the targeted cell types. Intratumoral administration, the route of delivery typically used for innate immune/myeloid cell agonists, is limited by tumor accessibility and a dependence on abscopal responses. Here, we describe an example of a new composition class, termed ImmunoTAC, that allows for systemic delivery of an immune modulator with activity localized to tumor sites and secondary lymphoid structures. Agonism of TLR8 in human myeloid cells drives anti-tumor immunity by inducing direct macrophage killing of tumor cells, repolarizing suppressive myeloid cell populations to a pro-immunogenic phenotype, and inducing dendritic cells to drive tumor-specific CTL responses. SBT6050 is an ImmunoTAC comprised of a novel, potent TLR8 agonist conjugated to a HER2-directed monoclonal antibody. SBT6050 is designed to activate human monocytes and macrophages only in the presence of HER2pos tumor cells with moderate (2+ by IHC) or high (3+ by IHC) expression levels. This activity is dependent upon the ability of the Fc domain of the antibody to engage Fcγ receptors on the surface of the myeloid cells. Additionally, SBT6050 potently activates conventional dendritic cells that, in turn, drive a Th1/CTL program in T cells. Systemic delivery of a SBT6050 surrogate in mice shows robust single agent efficacy in tumor models intrinsically resistant to checkpoint blockade, such as the previously characterized HER2+ CT26 syngeneic model. The intratumoral immune response is characterized by robust activation of tumor-associated myeloid cells, infiltration of neutrophils, persistent increases in local cytokine and chemokine production, decreases in Treg infiltrate, and the generation of a potent, neo-Ag specific anti-tumor CTL response. Mice cured with single-agent treatment are resistant to tumor rechallenge, demonstrating induction of long-lived immunological memory. In contrast to observations with small molecule TLR8 agonists, ImmunoTAC does not induce peripheral cytokine production or associated CRS-like toxicity in mice, consistent with the localized activity of the molecule. Silverback's lead candidate, SBT6050, is currently in preclinical development for patients with moderate or high HER2-expressing tumors. More broadly, the data presented here describe a novel therapeutic modality that allows for systemic administration of immune modulators with tissue-localized activity. Citation Format: Kara Moyes, Ty Brender, Sean W. Smith, Hengyu Xu, Ben Setter, Li-Qun Fan, Rebecca Brunette, Justin Killebrew, Phil Tan, Craig Coburn, Peter Baum, Valerie Odegard. A systemically administered, conditionally active TLR8 agonist for the treatment of HER2-expressing tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3271.


When in the eighteenth century ancient terracotta vases were first found and collected in Italy, they were almost universally acclaimed as Etruscan. This term was applied even to vases that had been unearthed in Southern Italy. Goethe speaks in the journal of his voyage to Italy of the assiduity with which Etruscan vases were collected and of the high prices they fetched. But these vases were for the most part Greek, imported into Etruria in antiquity or made in Southern Italy by Greek colonists and their descendants. One doubts whether Goethe


Erotic defamiliarization possesses a special portion in Shklovsky's defamiliarization theory and it is found in Henry James's works.This paper exemplifies Henry James's way of erotic defamiliarization in his works The American and "Daisy Miller".


There is some consensus emerging on the values of the basic parameters of classical cosmology. The baryon number density estimated from the light element abundance or X-ray gas in galaxy clusters tends towards 5% of closure density; the dark matter content based on a number of independent methods appears to be somewhat less than half the closure density; Hubble constant obtained from local measurements, gravitational lens or Sunyaev Zeldovich method are all probably centred around 60 km/sec/Mpc and the age of the Universe is generally agree to be around 14 Gyr — all specified with bearable error bars. The supernova projects and CMBR anisotropy together favour a finite cosmological constant, and gravitational lens statistics support the same conclusion.


: The expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70) in tu-mor cells or virus infected cells is important for the induction of specific cellular immune response.They are implicated in transport of immunodominants peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum, acti-vation of antigen presenting cells and cross priming of CD8 T cells.


In the traditional controller design, local signal is only chosen to be the feedback variable, and improvement of single performance in the system is considered. This way to design controller could make uncertain affect to other performance in the system. A comprehensive performance index is used in the coordinated control theory, and the controller which is more coordinated is designed. By using the coordinated control theory, comprehensive performance index is designed and improved. When designing the DC coordinated controller in the Sichuan AC/DC hybrid transmission system, the comprehensive performance of the whole system is considered, feedback variables are chosen based on the comprehensive performance index. Weight matrix is optimized, the optimum control law is found and the optimal DC controller is designed. At last, the eigenvalue and damping ratio are got by using Prony method. Through Prony analysis and emulation analysis, it is proved that the controller can coordinated with the other controllers in the original system, and increased the damping ratio of the Sichuan power transmission system, so the low frequency oscillation can be inhibited effectively, and the comprehensive dynamic performance of this system can be improved.


The goal of the step program is the improvement of health and physical condition, within the scope of advisable exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of the program and identify its possible osteogenic effects on the elderly. Fifteen postmenopause women (mean age 61.66 ± 5.10 years) performed two-step patterns (basic step and knee lift). Vertical GRF were measured when stepping down on a Kistler force plate and a two-dimensional kinematics analysis was done using the APAS system. The amount of BMD was collected by DXA before and six months after the program. Although the conclusions drawn from a restricted population cannot be generalized, the results suggest that the mechanical stress associated with the program seems to constitute a positive osteogenic stimulus and is a safe and healthy activity that may be included in the physical activity programs for the elderly.


Review(s) of: A Book To Write Poems By by Rory Harris and Peter McFarlane with artwork by Mark Rashleigh. Published by AATE (PO Box 203. Norwood. 5067), 1983. Price: $7.00.


We examine the so-called ρπ puzzle of the ψ(2S) decay by incorporating two inputs: One is the relative phase between the one-photon and the glu-onic decay amplitude, and the other is a possible anomaly in the inclusive nonelectromagnetic decay rate of ψ(2S). We propose the possibility that in the ψ(2S) decay a hadronic decay process of long-distance origin is important in addition to the short-distance decay process. The amplitude of this additional process should nearly cancel the three-gluon amplitude in the exclusive decay ψ(2S) → 1 − 0 − and turn the sum dominantly real in contrast to the J/ψ decay. We present general consequences of this mechanism and then briefly look into two models which might possibly explain the source of this additional amplitude.


haps 'society might be justified in reconsidering the nature of the moral obligation to pensioners' at least in the present economic climate when they are hardly the only group at long-term risk. Moreover, given that only an estimated 40 per cent of all social security benefits actually go to relieving poverty (as opposed to helping the non-poor or else helping the poor to a 'spillover' extent) and that the better-off have been successful in avoiding much of the burden for these payments, it is worthwhile counting up the full cost of our present system of anti-poverty measures. Beckerman and Clark are not suggesting, of course, that the proper function and sole justification of a social security system should be the relief of a defined measure of poverty and nothing more. Indeed they are at pains to acknowledge that there will be other motives in operation, such as notions of equity to say nothing of administrative convenience. For the purposes of analysis alone, they have tried to focus on a restricted range of issues, to the exclusion of others. This sort of excuse is unlikely, of course, to cut much ice with the poverty lobby. Indeed Tony Lynes has already described this as a book whose message 'is firmly rooted in a minimalist conception of the welfare state' (New Society, 17 June 1982). Clearly the politics of poverty can be relied upon to keep the issues muddied together. This may or may not benefit the poor.


Time-lapse is used for imaging the dynamics of living cells and tissues with the light microscope. The technique involves recording a single microscope field at intervals of lapsed time, along with keeping the specimen alive and in good health on the microscope stage throughout the experiment. When the full sequence of images is subsequently played back as a movie, the event is speeded up in proportion to the interval between frames. A structure that appears unremarkable in a still image can take on a new identity when a sequence of the images is played back as a time-lapse movie. For example, when cells are imaged using fluorescent speckle microscopy (25), they appear as a series of bright dots (speckles) in still images. The speckles take on a new identity when viewed as a timelapse movie; for example, the speckles may line up in the case of fluorescently labeled microtubules (25), or they may move together in the case of fluorescently labeled actin (24).


Abstract We prove that a combinatorial consequence of the negation of the PCF conjecture for intervais, involving free subsets relative to set mappings, is not implied by even the strongest known large cardinal axiom.


28 O ver the past few years, universities and colleges have made substantial progress in using the World Wide Web for teaching and learning and for distance-learning applications. Many schools have repurposed course offerings for distance learning, where students and instructors no longer have to meet in the same place at the same time. An increasing number of schools use course management software (CMS) to complement traditional classroom-based instruction. More recently, some universities — like Indiana University1,2 — offer a course template for all their courses. While distance learning and the Web provide more convenient virtual access to learners around the world, some shortcomings limit the benefits, mainly from the perspectives of communication, collaboration, pedagogy, and course administration. The course instructor in a distance-learning situation, for instance, can no longer enjoy the powerful face-to-face communication channels available in a traditional classroom setting. The communication and collaboration channels are limited to capabilities of the tools available within the CMS. The different brands of CMS range from homegrown software environments to sophisticated commercial products. Although new versions include easy-to-use Web authoring tools, most offer passive services. As a result, some instructors spend more time teaching a distance-learning course than teaching the same course in a classroom setting. This problem results mostly from the time-consuming operational nature of online courses. It is not unfair to call the typical CMS a "dumb software environment." For instance, the instructor is expected to regularly check students' progress by visiting many Web pages and using different tools within the CMS system to verify student progress and participation. This includes monitoring the message board activities log to verify student participation, consulting the drop box tool to see if students have submitted assignments, and regularly visiting the course activity log to monitor the magnitude of students' online activities. Performing these tasks in addition to handling hundreds of e-mail messages has become a major time-consuming operation for most instructors. Intelligent agents functioning within a CMS system Intelligent agents perform tasks for students and instructors in a dynamic, personal, and smart teaching and learning environment


Turov Sergey Yuryevich, the chief of the Ustinovsky District Investigativt Department of the Izhevsk, Investigative Department, Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Udmurt Republic, Post-Graduate Student of the department of criminal process and law-enforcement activity of the Udmurt state university


In dry ecosystems, biological soil crusts (BSCs) have been suggested as one of the factors responsible for the large rate of annual CO2 net uptake (Xie et al. 2009). However, most studies carried out on carbon (C) fluxes in arid and semiarid ecosystems, such as soil respiration, have neglected the carbon fluxes from BSCs. Although BSCs are a vital component of the dry-land soil C cycle, few studies have parameterized the conditions required for photosynthesis in BSCs or determined BSCs respiration (Elbert et al. 2009, Castillo-Monroy et al. 2011). Precipitation in dry land is dominated by small events (Lauenroth and Bradford 2009). Even the smallest events will influence the carbon fluxes of BSCs, while intermediate pulses might wet the subsurface biotic community, and typically only larger events are used by plants for carbon gain or growth of roots or shoots (Belnap et al. 2005). As BSCs dry quickly and are hence very responsive to moisture pulses, the pulsed nature of precipitation can lead to highly variable carbon fluxes from BSCs (Bowling et al. 2011). Therefore, it is very important to study the effect of rain events upon carbon fluxes through BSCs in the dry ecosystem.


We prove the conjectures of Michael Britt and Lillie Fradin concerning sums of consecutive integers. Let n + (n +1) +... + (n + j) = (j+i)(2n+j) 2 ≡ (n,j); n ≥1, j ≥ 1. CONJECTURE I. (n,j) does not contain numbers of the form 2 N . Proof. 2 N has no prime factors other than 2. (n,j) = 1 2(j + 1)(2n + j) has at least one prime factor larger than 2. (a) If j is even, j + 1 is odd. (b) If j is odd, 2n + j is odd. Therefore, (j), (n,j) has at least one odd factor larger than 1. Such an odd factor is either a prime larger than 2, or contains a prime factor larger than 2; therefore (n, j) ¬= 2 N . CONJECTURE II. (n,j) contains all numbers ¬= 2 N . Proof. (a) (n,j) contains all odd numbers > 1. (n, 1) = 2n + 1 (all odd numbers > 1). (b) (n,j) contains all numbers of the form 2 N (2n + 2 N+1 - 1). Let j = 2 N+1 - 1; hence 1 2(j + 1) = 2 N . Therefore (n, j) = 2 N (2n + 2 N+1 - 1). 2n + 2 N+1 - 1 covers all odd numbers equal to or larger than 2 N+1 + 1. (c) (n,j) contains all numbers of the form 2 N (2 N+1 - 2n + 1). Let j = 2m (i.e., j is even). (n, j) = (n, 2m)= (2m + 1)(n + m); if n + m = 2 N , m = 2 N - n, 2m + 1 = 2 N+1 - 2n + 1. (n,j) ⇒ 2 N (2 N+1 - 2n + 1). (2 N+1 - 2n + 1) ⇒ all odd numbers greater than 1 and ≤ 2 N+1 - 1. Thus we can construct all numbers of the form 2 N × (any odd integer > 1). REMARKS. The history of this note is as follows. The senior author (LNC) visited his nine-year-old grandson Michael Britt, who, at that time, was in the fourth grade at the Montessori School in East Providence. Michael's teacher, Ms. Philips, had given her class a problem: to find numbers that are the result of sums of consecutive integers such as 1+2, 2+3, 3+4+5, etc., or, in general, n + (n + 1) +... + (n + j), where n and j are integers larger than zero. Michael was very excited; he showed LNC a chart Lillie and he had made in which they plotted a matrix n vs. j. They had verified that they could get all the numbers up to the mid-thirties, excluding 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. They also had circled 64, in the upper, unexplored, portion of their chart; Michael told LNC they thought they could get all the numbers up to 64, but not 64, and larger except for doubles of two (2 N ). LNC posed Michael and Lillie's conjecture to his colleague DF. This note is the result.


Memes are humorous digital artifacts created by web users copying an image and overlaying a personal funny caption. They are virally shared in the web and represent an important part of the online discourse young learners are exposed to on a daily basis. The aim of this paper is to show how memes on mathematical subjects can inspire learning activities that harness the participatory and playful nature of these digital artifacts, connecting positive emotions, focal for learning achievement, to serious mathematical reasoning. The paper presents a collection of 3 examples taken from different learning scenarios: 1 from a spontaneous out-of-school learning environment and 2 from intentionally designed school experiences conducted with 6thand 12th-grade students, all pivoting on the use of a popular meme based on a Spiderman cartoon. The analysis elicits the core properties of these experiences in order to show how they fit within the connected learning framework. I hope the outcome of this research can shed some light on how educators can leverage on students' popular culture embodied in memes to foster interest-powered learning outcomes in mathematics.


It analyzed local brand packaging design and cultural tourism. By analyzing the relationship between the local brand and tourism culture,it reveald the mutual influence relationship between Henan tourism culture and local brand packaging design.Through the study on the problem of the current local brand packaging design in the application of tourism culture,it pointed out that the currentn local brand packaging and failed to play the role of publicity and inheritance of tourism culture.In view of the existing problems,Henan part of local brand as an example,it proposed the proposal to make Henan tourism culture into local brand packaging design.


Currently, during the opening and testing of productive formations, as well as during repair work in wells, specialized water- or oil-based technical fluids are used. All of them are characterized by compatibility to varying degrees with the lithological and physical properties of reservoirs in Western Siberia and have different effects on the filtration properties of the porous reservoir of productive formations. It is known that when using fresh water-based drilling fluids, due to the interaction of the fresh water filtrate with rock cement and some rock-forming minerals, the permeability of the bottom-hole zone changes. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of drilling fluids on terrigenous rocks of one of the fields. The impact of drilling fluids on the core, with the exception of FLO-PRO and NaCl, led to a decrease in the oil-permeability of core samples. In the core of the terrigenous reservoir, filtering FLO-PRO does not cause a negative result. The curves of permeability changes with increasing filtration pressure before and after FLO-PRO flow are identical in dynamics. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that technical fluids FLO-PRO and IES (invert emulsion solutions) can be recommended for use as they do not violate the structure of the pore space of the reservoir and do not lead to a significant decrease in oil-permeability of all core layers.


AbstractHydrogen attack (HA) is a degradation process occurring in steel exposed to hot, high-pressure hydrogen. It is caused by the nucleation, growth, and ultimate link-up into fissures of small methane bubbles – primarily on grain boundaries. The location and growth kinetics of the submicrometre bubbles during the incubation period before fissure formation has been studied only in the past few years. Growth is limited primarily by grain-boundary diffusion, though creep of the ligaments between bubbles can be limiting under certain conditions. The processes limiting bubble nucleation are unclear though there seems to be a critical stress (methane pressure plus applied stress) above which the bubble density increases greatly. Alloying with Cr enhances the resistance to HA, primarily by reducing the bubble density rather than by reducing the bubble growth rate. The process of bubble growth and link-up is completely analogous to that by which grain-boundary voids link-up to limit the creep ductility of all...


Family engagement is a critical component of child welfare practice. Studies report improved experiences and outcomes when families are involved in decision making. Robust engagement may also serve as a culturally responsive approach to improving outcomes for families. Although practice-level interventions have received attention in the literature, there is a dearth of research on program- and system-level family models. The present study contributes to the emerging literature by analyzing publicly available data to document U.S. state efforts to engage families. Findings describe the origin, membership, and activities of four macro-level practice models. Similarities and differences among states as well as implications for future research and practice are discussed.


Properties like high strength, light weight and moldability grants vital use of plastics in manufacturing industries, especially for mass production of products. Injection molding dies are often called plastic molds, are one of the tools for processing plastics to desired shape. It is very easy to understand and perform processes like injection molding to obtain plastic products. But dies developed by correct design steps only can produce defect free products. Insert injection molding is a type of injection molding process in which metal inserts are incorporated in process of injection molding and later they becomes part of product. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodology involved with design and development of injection molding die for Push Board Pin. Software used for modeling of parts is UG Nx 8.0 and that for the simulation of process parameters is Autodesk Moldflow Adviser.


The use of big data is a necessary element of the digital economy. Big data analysis methods and techniques are essential for forecasting the development of global industries, in particular metallurgy. The article analyzes development trends and identifies key problems of the metallurgical industry based on WSA statistic data for a 10-year period. To analyze the efficiency of production and export of products with high added value, the method for assessing the degree of processing of products by O. Ugarova was used. Analysis of the use of export potential in the global market made it possible to substantiate the optimal structure of Ukrainian metallurgical production


Searching for two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators with a large band gap, in which the Quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) can be observed at high temperature, is an important goal for condensed matter physics researchers. Based on first principles calculations, we predict that the band gap of dumbbell stanene can be enhanced to 52 meV with cyano group decoration (DB-SnCN), which can be further tuned to be 322 meV by applying lattice strains. The band topology is identified by Z2 topological invariance together with helical edge states, and the mechanism can be understood with px–py band inversion at the Γ point induced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). These findings provide bright and significant guidance for future fabrication and realistic applications of spintronics.


The raw-material (RM) basis of lithic industries during the Stone (20,000– 3000 RCYBP) and Paleometal (until the 6th century A.D.) ages in Sakhalin included local and exotic components. Local RM included various hornfels, tuff, siliceous argillite, andesite, basalt, gabbro, chalcedony, quartzite, etc. Generally, by local we understand the lithic RM that was collected by people locally within a distance of 50–100 km, or on a journey of 2–4 days on foot from residential sites during their hunting or fishing trips. Most tools, as a rule, were produced on such local RM. Nevertheless, major additions to late-Paleolithic industries, and to even a greater degree early-Neolithic industry, were exotic silicates used to make blades, especially microblades. A significant phenomenon of the late-Pleistocene/early-Holocene archeology of the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, Kuril islands. and Kamchatka was transporting obsidian from outcrops in Hokkaido and Kamchatka along the so-called "obsidian way," as much as 1000 km one way. Numerous publications (Kimura 1992, 1998; Vasilevski 1996; Phillips and Speakman 2009; Glascock et al., 2000; Kuzmin et al. 2002] are devoted to this. We note that the farther to the north a site is situated, the less obsidian is found in it. So it seems quite natural that we unearthed a few artifacts made of Hokkaido obsidian in sites in the north of Sakhalin. Jasper characterized by sealing-wax color is widely distributed throughout the East Sakhalin Mountains and in the Tym and Nabil river valleys. In the region, several groups of Stone Age sites were discovered between 2001 and 2009 (Berseneva 2007; Mozhaev 2009, 2010; Vasilevski 2006) (Figure 1). The Paleolithic and Initial Neolithic lithic RM sites are situated at altitudes ranging from 250 to 400 m, close to river deposits and to numerous surface outcrops and rocks of jasper. These outcrops are the largest known resource of RM in the island. Massive spalls, sometimes weighing more than 30 kg, detached from natural stationary cores—lonely rocks—were frequently used as blanks, as well as big pebbles from river sides. Thus the makers reduced failures in production by avoiding cracks in the structures of cores. Much of the RM from the upper parts of original layers or rocks has been spoiled by forest fires, water, and frost, so jasper toolmakers preferred already realized blanks– pebbles and boulders (Figure 1B). Most artifacts from the sites include


Physiological properties of the neurons responding to canine tooth pulp stimulation (tooth pulp-driven neurons : TPDNs) were studied by recording single unit activities from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in cats anesthetized with a-chloralose. Analysis was focused on the TPDNs receiving excitatory converging inputs from the whisker pad and/or masseteric nerve with special reference to the interaction among these inputs. The results are as follows (1) Twenty-seven of 51 TPDNs in SI (530) were convergent type neurons. (2) Convergent type TPDNs showed the following characteristics in relation to conditioning and test stimuli applied to the tooth pulp and other peripheral sites a) When supraor subthreshold conditioning stimuli were applied to the whisker pad and test stimuli to the tooth pulp, the number of spikes evoked by the test stimuli was decreased . Suprathreshold conditioning stimuli produced a greater decrease than subthreshold ones. On the contrary, no effects were seen when the sites of conditioning and test stimuli were reversed. b) Suprathreshold conditioning stimuli applied to the masseteric nerve exerted no effects on the number of spikes evoked by the tooth pulp test stimuli, whereas it was decreased in the reverse combination of conditioning and test sites. These results suggest that TPDNs in SI play an important role both in the recognition of the sites being stimulated and in processing other pain information, including the referred pain.


This paper shows that cascade circuits in the logic cells of all current lookup table based FPGAs support only linear cascading chain and, as a result, contribute to long cascading delay. We present an enhanced cascade circuit that will reduce cascading delay significantly: from linear time to log time in terms of the number of logic cells cascaded. We show that the additional area for the new cascade circuit is very small. We discuss an interaction between architecture design decision and CAD (in particular, placement) for the design of dedicated routing structure for cascade signals between logic cells. We illustrate the advantage of the new cascade circuit with an example of 32-bit equality checking circuit.


Abstract Building Information Modelling (BIM) is perceived as an effective tool for improving the delivery and coordination of construction projects. The Chinese construction sector has demonstrated significant interest in implementing the 3-dimensional modelling-based process. BIM adoption is influenced by several factors which can either be operational or strategic related. Factors which can have a significant impact include the size of the construction organization and the type of projects that the organization has to deliver (i.e. building vs infrastructure projects). This study aims to evaluate the effect of project type and size on BIM adoption in the Chinese market, via an adoption model which analyses factors impacting the adoption decision. The study examines 200 samples collected from the Chinese construction industry, split equally between infrastructure and building construction data groups, as well as SMEs and large organizations. The collected data are first analyzed by principal component analysis and then through a Structural Equation Modelling-based multiple group analysis. Results demonstrate that essential factors such as operational risks are considered by small organization, whereas large organizations focus on implementation challenges. Implementation benefits and challenges are significant on the adoption decision in infrastructure organizations, but not in building organizations. In addition, the study reveals that "technical support" is an important factor when it comes to BIM adoption among all types of organizations, regardless of the organization's size and project type delivered.


The exchange-reaction-based diffusion and the interfacial charge-transfer rates of an iodide/triiodide redox couple in an ionic liquid were enhanced by the addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles, although the composites successively became gels and solids with increasing nanoparticle composition. Because of this acceleration of the charge transport and the interfacial charge-transfer rates, dye-sensitized solar cells using the composite electrolytes achieved high photon-to-current conversion efficiencies, comparable to those using the neat ionic liquid electrolyte.


The article describes theoretical explanation of the empirical study of a teenager transiting to adulthood. The author puts emphasis on the problem of growing personality from childhood to adulthood during ontogenesis with such determinants of the integral development as the development of adulthood, maturity and understanding of the problems of self-realization and self-expression in the future. The paper analyses the idea of personal development and maturing teenager in terms of modern childhood and attempts to review the process of growing up as a special means of becoming the subject of social actions in the development system. It provides an explanation for the necessity of targeted development of a particular area of psychological knowledge and practice the psychology of maturity aimed at studying maturing possibilities regarding psychological conditions. The research gives reasons for the importance of studying subjective perceptions of teenagers such concepts as «maturity», «adulthood». The attention is focused on the prospect of maturity concerning transformation of the social situation of adolescent children.


An investigation was made of the parameters of an ultraviolet source emitting periodic pulses in which a dye laser was pumped by a nitrogen gas laser and the conversion was performed in new nonlinear crystals. The maximum conversion efficiency exceeding 30% was obtained for lithium iodate.


The need for text encoding standards for language resources (LRs) is widely acknowledged: within the International Standards Organization (ISO) Technical Committee 37 / Subcommittee 4 (TC 37 / SC 4), work in this area has been going on since the early 2000s, and working groups devoted to this issue have been set up in two current panEuropean projects, CLARIN (http://www.clari n.eu/) and FLaReNet (http://www.flarenet.e u/). It is obvious that standards are necessary for the interoperability of tools and for the facilitation of data exchange between projects, but they are also needed within projects, especially where multiple partners and multiple levels of linguistic data are involved.


Introduction: Initial motor impairment assessed in the acute stroke phase (as measured by the Fugl-Meyer (FM) Assessment) is a strong predictor of lower extremity (LE) motor impairment at 3 months ...


Sensitivity analyses may be local or global, one at a time or all at a time, or classified in other ways. This paper examines some response surface methods for instant calculations of many sensitiv ...


incorporation. The Introduction, written by Jennifer Hochschild and her coeditors, establishes a guiding framework by reviewing previous research, scrutinizing and grappling with each of the central terms, and then specifying their own preferred definitions thereof. This provides the foundation for the sections and the chapters within this "handbook" (to use a term the editors occasionally use themselves). The three parts of the book, and a Conclusion, follow. The first part, which includes five chapters, is focused on how to define immigrants and, further, addresses questions of whether and how immigrants are "distinctive" and how and why that matters for analytical purposes. A second part, which includes five chapters, engages notions of "the political," and, more specifically, the question of how broad the role of politics is in immigrant political incorporation. Part III, with the most (eight) chapters, focuses on how one should approach the topic of incorporation. So many chapters (20 in all), topics, themes, levels of and units of analysis, and varied emphases on ideas and interests, on culture and/or context, and on agency versus institutions or structures indeed provide a "rich smorgasbord," as the editors suggest. The Conclusion nicely encapsulates a range of major questions and issues and goes a good way in helping us digest all that the preceding chapters offer. Nonetheless, that very richness makes it difficult to summarize or extensively assess individual chapters; I therefore briefly highlight several themes. The definitional delineations and their exhortation for greater clarity and consistency notwithstanding, the editors also recognize, indeed expected, that the chapter authors would begin with "different assumptions," use different definitions of key terms, and "engage with different methods and types of evidence" (p. 20). Illustrating this point, not only is the major dependent variable, incorporation, itself used with respect to different dimensions and has different connotations and applications, but also several other terms are used along with "incorporation" and sometimes instead of it.; Among the terms used are "inclusion," "integration," and "assimilation." Similarly, the specific meanings and boundaries of (the) "political" diverge in various chapters. I would add that with some frequency, the definition and understanding of immigrant, political, and incorporation appear somewhat interconnected, perhaps even interdependent. For example, in several instances in various chapters, the notion of political seems difficult to entirely separate or disentangle without also giving attention to that of one of the other key terms, say, "incorporation." The essays have rather different mixes of analytical focus: Across, and sometimes within, chapters they are informed by and/or are linked to different countries, although useful comparisons are often discussed; to different immigrant (and racial/ethnic) groups; and to different aspects of politics and public policies. Such complications aside, overall, the 18 chapters, along with the Introduction and Conclusion, comprise a set of erudite commentaries and (relatively) "big picture" thought pieces, each identifying and probing significant dimensions in informative, illuminating, and often compelling ways. In part because the large number of chapters are brimming with ideas and insights, it can be challenging to keep track of the many and somewhat distinct questions posed, the claims made, the evidence being put forth, and overall conclusions drawn. But a nice and helpful feature is that virtually all of the chapters include one or more figures, diagrams, and/or other visual presentations that summarize and depict the core concepts and clusters of variables and their presumed interactions and interrelationships. When taken together, these simplify and fruitfully augment the arguments being advanced probably as much as is feasible. In any case, the depictions serve the important purposes of specifying and elaborating the models and stimulating thinking. As is typical if not inevitable in such a volume, many more questions are raised than are answered. Yet in the posing, pursuing, and proffering of answers, an abundance of insights emerge. This ambitious project is wide-ranging and comprehensive, if not exhaustive, in presenting the theoretical, empirical, and normative puzzles concerning immigration and the approaches that have been, and might be, used to address them. This is hardly to say that the reader will agree or be satisfied with many or even most of the specific definitions of terms, their applications across and/or within chapters, whether some dimensions of politics are overlooked and/or defined and treated as one might deem appropriate, or even "if [all] the 'right' questions" are being asked. That would be much too much to ask, especially given the nature of the issues at hand. Thus, if Outsiders No More? does not begin to bring closure on the topic(s), as the authors acknowledge, they do not necessarily intend to accomplish that goal. But the intellectual adventure identified by this set of authors suggests myriad paths that might be fruitfully followed. As such, the volume imparts thoughtful guidance, if not a compass, for research directions other scholarsmay ultimately wish to pursue. Reading it is well worth the trip.


Abstract : As economic, military and nuclear powers, the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China remain two important players in world politics, Despite warmer relations today, Russia and China still do not trust each other and their current partnership is just a marriage of convenience, Three decades ago, relations between these nations were characterized by extreme hostility and suspicion, Confrontations that followed in subsequent years led analysts to believe that a major war between them was unavoidable, In the 1990s, however, Russia and China were able to overcome their differences and gradually improved their relations, culminating in a strategic partnership in 1996, Now they cooperate on a wide range of issues including political dialogue, energy infrastructure development, technology transfer, arms trade, and scientific, educational and cultural exchanges, Current cooperation helps Russia and China to deal with many issues, such as U,S hegemonism, expansion of NATO, development of TMD and NMD systems, and the growing threat from radical Islam, Behind the summit diplomacy and high-level interactions, there are many issues that underline good relations and challenge the partnership in the future; the nature of the partnership remains dubious, and Russia and China will not form a formal alliance, Russia and China are determined to reach their near term goals, and, therefore, the partnership will be sustained in the near future, Yet, because the long term goals of Russia and China are quite different, even the current relationship will eventually unravel,


Science is one area within Aboriginal Education which appears to receive comparatively little attention. The author experienced this in practice when he was lecturing in science education to trainee teachers on the topic of teaching science to Aboriginal students in secondary schools. As a newcomer to the Northern Territory the author does not have direct personal experience in this area and so he decided to search the literature. No previous bibliography of this topic was found. Initially searching revealed very little, but slowly the collection of interesting articles has increased, and whilst it is realised that the selection included in this bibliography is far from complete, it is offered to the reader as a starting point.


Objective To probe into nimodipint protective action that damage to the neural stem cell.Method Setting up the model of glutaminic acid damaging the neural stem cell.After different dosages of nimodipint were used to intervene,cell survival rate of the glutaminic acid nerve stem cell damage model was detected.Result When nimodipint dosage was 1×10-7g/L-1,the survival rate of the neural stem cell was obviously higher than glutaminic acid in the group (P0.01);With gradual increased of the nimodipint dosage,the cell survival rate of the neural stem cell damage model was obviously improved.Conclusion There is protective action of nimodipint to damage of the neural stem cell,and in 1×10-7g / L-1~ 1×10-2g/L-1 range of nimodipint dosage,the higher the dosage,the more obvious protective action is.


Contents: In the shadow of the other Landscapes of masculinities The necessity of the other Visceral anxiety: inhabiting fear Insidious humiliation: invidious shame Precarious power Cutting tails Silences, spectres and shards Afterword Bibliography Index.


The anesthesiologist may be requested to deal with several challenges in morbid obesity (MO),especially combining obstructive sleep apnea hyponea syndrome (OSAS).It is a significant important to perform a thorough preoperative evaluation to identify potential risk factors related to anesthesia and adequately prepare for perioperative management.MO affects multiple vital organs.The preoperative evaluation of the consequences of obesity not only involves case history and physical examination,but also should focus on respiratory and cardiac systems.As intubation and maintenance of oxygenation may be particularly challenging,various strategies should be presented.In addition,different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug regimen,perioperative and postoperative management may be also challenging.We reported a case,a patient who suffered from morbid obesity and underwent laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty,and analyzed anesthetic management.

Key words:
Laparoscope;  Vertical banded gastroplasty;  Morbid obesity ;  Anesthesia


We demonstrate that absorption saturation of a mid-infrared intersubband transition can be engineered to occur at moderate light intensities of the order of 10-20 kW.cm − 2 and at room temperature. The structure consists of an array of metal-semiconductor-metal patches hosting a judiciously designed 253 nm thick GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor heterostructure. At low incident intensity the structure operates in the strong light-matter coupling regime and exhibits two absorption peaks at wavelengths close to 8.9 µ m. Saturation is detected as a transition to the weak coupling regime - and therefore to a single-peaked absorption - when increasing the incident power. Comparison with a coupled mode theory model explains the data and permits to infer the relevant system parameters. At selected wavelengths the reflectivity non-linearly increases with increasing incident power. This system can therefore be engineered to implement saturable absorption mirrors (SESAMs) in the mid-IR range, a technology currently missing.


A series of transport and electrophysiological experiments were carried out on rat salivery duct epithelium to study the mechanism of action of Bay g 2821 on electrolyte transport at the cellular level. On the basis of the reported data it is suggested that Bay g 2821 blocks Na+ entry into the cell at the luminal rather than at the intersitial membrane of the duct cell.


This research,through empirical investigation,is aimed at exploring the indigenous content and structure of Western Openness personality dimension,and its relevancy with Chinese personality structure.More than 1500 subjects fulfilled both QZPS(Chinese Personality Scale,180 items) and the Openness scale of NEO PI R(48 items).QZPS is an indigenous questionnaire measuring seven dimensions and 18 subfactors of Chinese personality.Factor analysis on items of NEO PI R's Openness items yield six factors listed here as a) tolerance and eager to new ideas;b) aesthetic sensibility;c) enjoyment of fantasies;d) logos and considering thinking;e) reasoning and lenience; and f) enjoy novelty and change.These six factors are different from the original six facets of Openness in NEO PIR.Rather,items in each of the six factors come from 2 to 5 facets of the original Openness dimension.Then,factor analysis for combined variables of the six factors of Openness and 18 subfactors of QZPS,and got a seven factor solution.Four of the six factors of Openness composed three of the seven factor structure with QZPS subfactors, and the remaining two factors of Openness composed one of the seven factor structure,while QZPS subfactors composed three of the seven factor structure.It indicates that there is no independent dimension of Openness in Chinese personality,and part of the contents of the Western Openness dimension has been distributed into four of the seven dimensions of the Chinese personality structure as,mostly negative,components,while others stay as independent factors out of the Chinese personality structure.The Behavior Classification Hypothesis(BCH) of personality structure is supported in this research.Moreover,it is argued that the personality theories,scales,and questionnaires developed in Western background could not indicate the Chinese personality accurately and perfectly because of the Chinese-Western cultural difference.It is proposed that indigenous study of the Chinese personality and,as general,Chinese psychological and social characteristics is indispensable.Meanwhile,creativity is found positively related with Openness in Western culture.The characteristics of Chinese Openness and creativity are also discussed in this paper.


Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate paediatric clinicians' views on and use of quality of life (QoL) assessment in clinical practice. Methods: A survey was conducted among members of the Dutch Paediatric Association via e‐mail. Results: Over half of the 303 respondents (57%) believed that it was possible to use QoL questionnaires in clinical practice. The majority indicated that assessing QoL was beneficial and that it was especially necessary to assess QoL in children with a chronic disease (82%). Although only a minority (17%) currently used QoL questionnaires, most respondents would want to use QoL questionnaires in the future (76%). Obstacles that prevent the use of QoL questionnaires are the extra time needed for assessment, the unavailability of standardized questionnaires and insufficient knowledge about QoL.


The processing technology of mixed cactus and orange juice drink was studied.Effects of amylase and pectinase on cactus juice yield,methods to mask the undesirable flavor of cactus,stability of the mixed cactus and orange juice drink and the heat sterilizing conditions were tested.The results indicated that amylase and pectinase had few effect on cactus juice yield.Orange juice,but not β-cyclodetrin,had effect on masking the undesirable flavor of cactus.The optimum combination of stabilizing agents was 0.20% CMC and 0.20% sodium alginate.Sterilized at 90℃ for 2min and then packaged,the product could be kept for more than 6 months.


This research aims to present the challenges that companies faced in pandemic times and the ways corporate governance influence their corporate behaviour and made the difference between companies that succeeded to adapt to their strategies to the new business environment and the one that failed. Data was collected from different scientific libraries, presenting the pandemic environment and continued with what corporate social responsibility means and its importance at companies� level. Noticing the global context, we could affirm that at present, any business in the world operates within different communities create a positive or a negative impact on them. Also, the importance of environment, social and governance aspects was highlighted and the difference between them. The pandemic encouraged a shift in corporate governance from shareholders supremacy to serious surveillance of sustainability, corporate responsibility, community commitment, corporate citizenship and ESG as standard. Finding the middle way in aligning business resources with CSR leads in discovering how the key skills of a company can be applied in a social cause, or better said determining a company�s competitive advantage in terms of doing good.
This study contributes to present literature on market reactions to COVID-19 outbreak in terms of corporate governance responses, emphasizes key guidelines of good sustainability practices while raising an alarm signer over corporate abuse hidden under corporate social responsibility initiatives. Corporate abuse refers to a certain behaviour of a corporation that is either unethical or the involvement in a scandal, fraud cases or negligence towards employees or the local community.
The importance of the research resides in the exposure of corporate abuse cases and the reasons behind the adoption of corporate social responsibility. The contribution on the subject comes from describing the difference between abusive corporate behaviour and the sustainable behaviour, highlighting some ways that companies can adopt to align their corporate social responsibility campaigns with their business strategies, to grow their return on investment and from the examples exposed.


Seeking to optimize the raw material supply for the assembly lines in many industries, the following case study, starting with a direct observation of a motorcycle factory and an electronics assembly factory, based on a rich theoretical analysis of the Lean wastes, describe the factories present processes and focus on developing a fast, feasible and low cost solution, gathering concepts of Kanban and Milk Run methodologies, resulting in a proposal of a system of real time management of the production status, allowing a better organization for the logistics teams of the named companies.


As the software development process becomes complicated, software requirements become complicated, too. Many efforts are needed in requirements management. It is impossible to define all requirements of software at first, and the development environment changes as project is gone. As the cost of requirements change management is much more than development cost, the changes should be controled immediately through systematic change management. In this paper, I suggest a method to manage requirements change systematically based on the change management process in software product lines. The requirements change at the application engineering process is analyzed and managed using the domain engineering process because the application requirements are customized from the domain requirements in software product lines. Such the consistent change management helps to make decisions about changes by change impact analysis and alternative solution design. Through this method, the potential change costs can be saved because same change requests are not repeated by controlling the change requests completely.


A method using combined parameters of natural frequencies and modal components as input vectors for support vector machine is presented in this paper.At first,the basic principles and methods of support vector machine are introduced.Then a simple beam is taken as the example for damage detection(the damage includes singe damage and multi damage) by using three methods of natural frequencies,dynamic flexibilities and combined parameters,respectively.The comparison results indicate that the method of combined parameters is much better than the method of single parameter.It can overcome the shortcoming of bad estimation accuracy of single parameter method.


In view of the deficiencies of traditional methods to study the dissolution kinetics of solid oxides in molten slag, a novel method based on single hot thermocouple technique (SHTT) is proposed in this paper. The feasibility of this method is verified and the controlling means of experiment reproducibility is explored. And the effect of slag basicity and Li 2 O content on the dissolution behavior of Al 2 O 3 in mold flux is investigated via SHTT. The results show that: 1) Under the condition that the density of the Al 2 O 3 particle is slightly higher than that of slag and the mass ratio of Al 2 O 3 particle to liquid slag is less than 2%, the relative standard error of Al 2 O 3 dissolution rate is within 10%. 2) The effect rule of slag basicity on the Al 2 O 3 dissolution rate studied via SHTT is same as that of rotating cylinder method. The dissolution rate of Al 2 O 3 increases with the increase of slag basicity. When the basicity increases from 1.0 to 1.2, the dissolution rate increases significantly, which is due to the formation of xCaO∙yAl 2 O 3 or xCaO∙yAl 2 O 3 ∙zSiO 2 intermediate compounds with low melting point at the Al 2 O 3 boundary layer. 3) With the increase of the Li 2 O content in mold flux, the dissolution rate of Al 2 O 3 first increases and then decreases. The decrease in dissolution rate is caused by the formation of high-melting MgAl 2 O 4 at the boundary of Al 2 O 3 particle.


1. The rates were measured at which a number of different steroids were secreted by the adrenal gland of the eviscerated and nephrectomized young pig and dog.


This study analyzes the success factors of OTT original content through big data, and intends to suggest scenarios, casting, fun, and moving elements when producing the next work. In addition, I would like to offer suggestions for the success of 'Squid Game Season 2'. The success factor of 'Squid Game' through big data is first, it is a simple psychological experimental game. Second, it is a retro strategy. Third, modern visual beauty and color. Fourth, it is simple aesthetics. Fifth, it is the platform of OTT Netflix. Sixth, Netflix's video recommendation algorithm. Seventh, it induced Binge-Watch. Lastly, it can be said that the consensus was high as it was related to the time to think about 'death' and 'money' in a pandemic situation. The suggestions for 'Squid Game Season 2' are as follows. First, it is a fusion of famous traditional games of each country. Second, it is an AI-based planned MD product production and sales strategy. Third, it is casting based on artificial intelligence big data. Fourth, secondary copyright and copyright sales strategy. The limitations of this study were analyzed only through external data. Data inside the Netflix platform was not utilized. In this study, if AI big data is used not only in the OTT field but also in entertainment and film companies, it will be possible to discover better business models and generate stable profits.


Redox polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with ethyl acrylate (EA) and fumaronitrile (FN), as comonomer and termonomer respectively, were carried out using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators at 40°C. The actual composition of monomers in copolymers and terpolymers has been characterized by gas chromatography (GC). The effects of EA and FN on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stabilization temperature have been studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behaviour and char yield were obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. Meanwhile, incorporation of 10 mol% of EA in homoPAN system was found to greatly reduce Tg to 66°C as compared to that of the homoPAN (Tg=105°C). The initial cyclization temperature (Ti) was found to be higher (264°C) in comparison to that of homoPAN (246°C). In addition, the incorporation of EA was also shown to reduce the char yield of copolymer to 40%. When FN was incorporated as termonomer, the char yield of poly(AN/EA/ FN) 90/4/6 increased up to 44% after the heat treatment with the lowest Ti (241°C).


Mushrooms are a good source of biologically active substances. Basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus is not only widely used in food, but also have immunomodulating, antitumor, antiradical, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolic, hypoglycaemic and other beneficial medical effects. It is considered that β-glucans play significant role in the biological activities of the oyster mushroom. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the addition of various β-glucan containing preparations obtained from the submerged biomass of P. ostreatus on the process of milk fermentation in the production of yogurt and properties of the finished product. A total of three preparations were obtained by successive ethanolic and aqueous extractions. Preparations were added to milk in different concentrations before the introduction of starter culture. A starter containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbuckii subsp. bulgariсus cultures was used for fermentation. The titratable and active acidity was controlled during the fermentation. Physicochemical, structural-mechanical properties (dynamic viscosity, viscosity loss factor, mechanical stability factor, structure recovery ratio) of the obtained samples were studied. The sensory properties of the products were also evaluated. Results show that the addition of preparations does not adversely affect the fermentation process. Structural-mechanical properties of yogurt samples fortified by β-glucan-containing preparations depend on the preparation and its concentration. Sensory evaluation showed that experimental samples differed not only from the control sample but also from each other. In order to exclude slightly negative effect of some of the introduced components on the sensory characteristics of the product, it is advisable to use thickeners and structure-formers, for example, pectin.


The study was conducted in the plan nursery of the Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del ambiente of the Universidad Nacional Agraria in Managua, Nicaragua. Genizaro seeds ( Phitecellobium saman (Jacq) Benth) and black Guanacaste ( Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq) Griseb,) were used to quantify the percentage, energy and value of germination when applying pre - germinative treatments. Treatments consist of immersion of the seeds in water at boiling point, followed by 24 hours of rest in water at environmental temperature prior to planting, and cut at the end of the seed coat in the area of micropyle. To study the seed germination, 400 seed per species were used divided into four blocks of 100 seeds which were planted in polyethylene seedbeds trays with 100 cavities each. The study was established during 20 days, with daily applications of irrigation in the early hours of the morning. The pre germination treatment that worked best was breaking the seed coat at the extreme of the micropyle, with a percentage of above 90% and higher value and energy of germination. La Calera, Vol.14 No.22, Mayo 2014, pp.28-32


On April 10 2002 the US congressional and humanitarian leaders and AIDS advocates convened for a reception and photo exhibit entitled "A Broken Landscape: HIV/AIDS in Africa." Photographed by Gideon Mendel and sponsored by InterAction member RESULTS ActionAidUSA the Global AIDS Alliance and Student Global AIDS Campaign the exhibit depicted the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa with the goal of galvanizing support for pending AIDS legislation. The host at the reception US Representative Barbara Lee noted that 15000 people die each day from AIDS tuberculosis (TB) and malaria. In this perspective advocates called for increased resources for the Global Fund to fight AIDS TB and malaria and for deeper debt relief for poor countries. Furthermore AIDS advocates believe they have growing support from a bipartisan group of senators for amending President Bushs latest budget request to include funds to fight global AIDS.


The invention provides a bamboo-wood composite container base plate with improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers, and a manufacturing method thereof. The bamboo-wood composite container base plate with improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers is characterized in that each half of the bamboo-wood composite container base plate comprises an improved bamboo curtain splint surface layer, two to three bamboo curtain splints (or two to three wood single boards) and wood single board with transverse textures, wherein the improved bamboo curtain splint surface layer, the two to three bamboo curtain splints (or two to three wood single boards) and the wood single board with transverse textures are orderly arranged from outside to inside; the bamboo curtain splints and the wood single board with transverse textures are arranged at intervals from outside to inside; the bamboo curtain splints can be replaced by wood single boards and when the bamboo curtain splints are replaced by wood single boards, the innermost three wood single boards have longitudinal textures; and phenolic resin impregnated material layers are arranged at the outermost sides of the bamboo-wood composite container base plate with the improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of 1, treating the wood single boards to enable the wood single boards to have water content less than or equal to 10%, coating double surfaces of each one of the wood single boards with glue, and aging or drying at a low temperature, and 2, assembling the wood single boards, the improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers, the bamboo curtain splints and the phenolic resin impregnated material layers to obtain a plate blank and carrying out hot pressing under the conditions of a temperature of 130 to 150 DEG C and the maximum pressure of 2.0 to 3.5MPa. The bamboo-wood composite container base plate with the improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers has the advantages that the improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers prepared from thin bamboo chips having the same width through a novel splicing technology are adopted and thus a container base plate prepared from the bamboo-wood composite container base plate with the improved bamboo curtain splint surface layers is beautiful and has good wear resistance, stable quality and all performance indexes such as intensity and elastic modulus according with technical requirements of the international container industry.