Cloud gaming is an ideal solution to provide the desired GPU rendering for the Virtual Reality (VR) gaming while reducing the requirements for the weight, price, and capabilities of the head-mounted display. However, transmitting the high-resolution video requires a large amount of network bandwidth. In this paper, we present a cloud VR gaming system that significantly improves the coding efficiency by using a proposed Object-Aware Video Encoding (OAVE). Different from the video service, the game engine can offer information about the objects in the game scene. By combining this information and the eye-tracking data, the encoder compressed the rendered video in an object-dependent way that sets the quantization parameter according to the object of the user's gaze. Through the subjective experiment conducted on the prototype of the system, above 40% to 47% bandwidth saving can be achieved compared with the conventional VR gaming system without the proposed optimization.


Two systemic fungicides, SF1 (Bavistin, a carbandazim fungicide 50% WP, Rallis India ltd., India) and SF2 (Bayleton 25% WP-Triadiamefon, a Triazole compound, Rallis India Ltd., India) were screened for control of muscardine disease in silkworm, Bombyx mori. One and two percent of SF1 and 0.05 and 0.1 % of SF2 in aqueous solution were found to be effective in in vivo condition for the control of the disease. These fungicides, on feeding through mulberry leaves continuously for two days to 4 and 5 instar silkworm larvae inoculated topically with conidia of Beauveria bassiana (410 conidia/ml) resulted in reduction in mortality due to muscardine by over 90% as against 100% mortality in inoculated control. SF1 at 1% reduced the mortality by 90% in 4 instar and 91% in final instar silkworm while at 2%, the reduction was 92% and 96%, respectively. SF2 at 0.05 and 0.1 % concentration reduced the mortality by 82 and 88% during 4 instar and by 88 and 92% during 5 instar, respectively.


Advertisement translation is different from other commercial translation.And its form of expression differs from general arts.Advertisement translation is not only for people's appreciation,but also for disseminating information,introducing products and propagating things.In order to promote goods sales,open up and expand the market and maximize the profits of the advertised goods and service,advertisement translation tries to attract people to pay attention to goods,arouse people's purchases and then purchase the goods by the principle of "translation with affection communication".To achieve this objective,it's not enough to stress semantic equivalence of translation,but rather to highlight the principle of emotional transmission of advertisement translation,give emotional coloring to the goods which have no emotional feelings and enable consumers to create a good impression on commodities.So that they can achieve the purpose of promoting products sales,expand the market,build a good corporate image and profit for the enterprise.This article analyzes the factor of emotional transmission and strategies in advertisement translation.


The effects of salinity on the release of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in tailing sediment have been studied by stripping voltammetry. The purpose of the research is to know the effect of salinity on the release of metals with certain pH, conductivity and variety of metals. Simultaneous determination of copper, lead and zinc in tailing was done by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) onto hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and nitric acid 65% as support electrolyte. The limit of detection for this method 0.60 µg/L, 0.150 µg/L and 0.238 µg/L for copper, lead and iMc respectively. The stripping solution of 30 0 / 00 salinity with pH= 7.85, conductivity= 46.62 mS/cm gives the amounts of released metals as follows :14.867 µg/L Cu, 0.976 µg/L Pb and 6.224 µg/L Zn. These results are higher as compared with the results from 15 0 / 00 salinity with pH= 7.66, conductivity= 23.22 mS/cm that give released metals of Cu= 7.988 µg/L, Pb= 0.311 µg/L and Zn= 4.699 µg/L. the results from ANOVA suggest that this is due to different in salinity of the solution. It also found that the conductivity does not give any effect. It can be concluded that the higher salinity will that give higher concentration or released metals.


With the increase in demand for landscape restoration and the limited resources available, there is need for economic analysis of landscape restoration to help prioritize investment of the resources. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a commonly applied tool in the economic analysis of landscape restoration, yet its application seems limited and varied. We undertake a review of CBA applications to understand the breadth, depth, and gaps. Of the 2056 studies identified in literature search, only 31 met our predefined criteria. Three studies offered a global perspective, while more than half were conducted in Africa. Only six countries benefit from at least 2 CBA studies, including Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Vietnam, South Africa, and Tanzania. About 60% focus on agroforestry, afforestation, reforestation, and assisted natural regeneration practices. Only 16% covered all cost categories, with opportunity costs being the least covered. Eighty-four percent apply direct use values, while only 16% captured the non-use values. Similarly, lack of reliable data due to predictions and assumptions involved in data generation influenced CBA results. The limited number of eligible studies and the weaknesses identified hereinabove suggest strong need for improvements in both the quantity and quality of CBA to better inform planning, policies, and investments in landscape restoration.


found in the Åg Veda and meaning "good or noble, someone who speaks Sanskrit, someone who practices the proper Vedic rituals" etc. (Renou 1959). When linguists tried to understand the relationship between the Sanskrit language and other classical languages such as Latin and Greek, they coined the word Indo-European, to refer to a large family of related languages that spread from India to Europe (Mallory 1989; Renfrew 1987). Sanskrit, the language of the Åg Veda and later texts, was considered a sub-branch of Indo-European languages and was classified as Indo-äryan, while the language of the Avesta was called Indo-Iranian. All languages derived from Sanskrit have been classified as Indo-Aryan languages. The speakers of Indo-Aryan languages came to be referred to as Aryans. Unfortunately the term Aryan soon lost its meaning relating to language and came to be used incorrectly as a term for genetically distinct populations or races. This use of the term "Aryan" as a classification of a person's genetic heritage is totally misleading and factually incorrect, because a person's language does not always correlate to their genetic ancestry. Today, people throughout the world speak English, but only a small segment of the population is genetically related to English speaking ancestors. Another example of a "factoid" is the destruction of Mohenjo-daro by so called "Aryan" invaders. Although this idea had been proposed by earlier scholars (see R. Thapar this volume) Sir Mortimer Wheeler's highly speculative statements regarding scattered skeletal remains found in the late levels of Mohenjo-daro (Wheeler 1953) were taken as being archaeological proof of this invasion and the theory became widely accepted in both scientific and popular writings. After assuming that Harappans were non-Aryan, and that the Åg Veda dated to around the fifteenth century B. C. Wheeler presented various Vedic descriptions of the destruction of walled cities by Indra, who is also known as 2


Crystal structure prediction is used to understand the differences in crystallization of catechin and epicatechin, and to explore the predictability of solvate formation.


The emergence of "new" minorities within states as a result of international migration constantly changes the societal diversity of European states. Additionally, the existence of "old" minorities and relationships between kin-state and kin-minority affect inter-group, intra-state and inter-state relations. Tensions and conflicts in Ukraine stand as a current example. The social diversity dynamic involving "old" and "new" minorities is characterized by the features of ethnicity, culture, language and/or religion. The social integration of persons belonging to these groups needs to be addressed by governments in order to maintain resilient, viable and stable societies. While integration policies have remained, to a large extent, within states' national discretion, international human rights norms set certain limits to national policies. The views of international expert bodies relying on human rights provide, at best, states with useful insights and tools to design national policies and concrete measures of integration. There is no easy formula, but good integration policies need to consider an array of legal and non-legal elements, recognize differences and changing identities, nurture a sense of belonging, balance individual rights with integration aims, and involve multi-level actions and multiple actors.


responses to ensure patients receive optimal pharmacotherapy, the most agreed upon course of action for latex allergies however is avoidance. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recommends avoiding latex exposure from birth and that health systems continually develop strategies to create a "latex-safe" environment. 13 Prior reports have suggested that pharmacologic prophylaxis with steroids and antihistamines


To quantify the ice-ocean processes which drive dynamic and geometric change at calving outlet glaciers, detailed measurements beyond the capability of present satellites are required. This study presents the application of a cost-e ff ective ( < USD 2000), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to investigate frontal dynamics at a major outlet draining 5 the western sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The UAV was flown over Store Glacier on three sorties during summer 2013 and acquired over 2000 overlapping, geo-tagged images of the calving front at ∼ 40 cm resolution. Stereo-photogrammetry applied to these images enabled the extraction of high-resolution digital elevation models with an accuracy of ± 1.9 m which we used to quantify glaciological processes from early July 10 to August 2013. The central zone of the calving front advanced by ∼ 500 m whilst the lateral margins remained stable. In addition, the ice surface thinned by 3.5 m m − 1 during the melt-season in association with dynamic thinning. Ice flux through the calving front is calculated at 2.96 × 10 7 m 3 d − 1 , equivalent to 11 Gta − 1 , which is comparable to flux-gate estimates of Store Glacier's annual discharge. Water-filled crevasses 15 were observed throughout the observation period, but covered a limited area (1200 to 12 000 m 2 of the ∼ 5 × 10 6 m 2 surveyed area) and did not appear to exert any signifi-cant control over calving. We conclude that the use of repeat UAV surveys coupled with the processing techniques outlined in this


The U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) initiative involves detecting changes in land cover, use, and condition with the goal of producing land change information to improve the understanding of the Earth system and provide insights on the impacts of land surface change on society. The change detection method ingests all available high-quality data from the Landsat archive in a time series approach to identify the timing and location of land surface change. Annual thematic land cover maps are then produced by classifying time series models. In this paper, we describe the optimization of the classification method used to derive the thematic land cover product. We investigated the influences of auxiliary data, sample size, and training from different sources such as the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends project and National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001 and NLCD 2011). The results were evaluated and validated based on independent data from the training dataset. We found that refining the auxiliary data effectively reduced artifacts in the thematic land cover map that are related to data availability. We improved the classification accuracy and stability considerably by using a total of 20 million training pixels with a minimum of 600,000 and a maximum of 8 million training pixels per class within geographic windows consisting of nine Analysis Ready Data tiles (450 by 450 km2). Comparisons revealed that the NLCD 2001 training data delivered the best classification accuracy. Compared to the original LCMAP classification strategy used for early evaluation (e.g., Trends training data, 20,000 samples), the optimized classification strategy improved the annual land cover map accuracy by an average of 10%.


Semiconducting polymeric carbon nitride (CN) has drawn wide attention ranging from photocatalysis to more recent biosensing due to unique defects-tolerated optoelectronic properties, being metal-free, cheap and highly stable. However, as the core of electrical-optical interconversion, the preparation of CN photoelectrode is still challenging. Here, we report the growth of CN on electrodes simply by microwave-assisted condensation in seconds. The ultrafast heating not only addressed the thermodynamic contradiction of precursor volatilization during polymerization but also led to strongly adhesive CN layer on electrodes with gradient carbon-rich texture, making the electron-hole separation and mobility greatly accelerated. Consequently, the CN photoelectrode exhibited a remarkable photocurrent and a record cathodic efficiency of electrochemiluminescence up to 7 times of benchmark Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 in aqueous solution. This work would pave CN in highly efficient electrical-optical interconversion for a variety of future applications, such as highly sensitive sensing as demonstrated and solar energy conversion.


This article discusses a recently discovered copy of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth that once belonged to Samuel Beckett when he was a student at Portora Royal in 1922. Although the volume is in private hands, scans of the annotated pages are freely available in the Beckett Digital Library of the Beckett Digital Manuscript Project. Compared to other surviving works by and on Shakespeare in Beckett's possession, the Macbeth schoolboy copy shows an unusual abundance of reading traces and marginalia. However, passages that are not underlined or otherwise marked turn out to be equally important for an assessment of the play's impact on Beckett's writing, in addition to a grey zone of indeterminate or conceptual references that are harder to classify as allusions. This is especially the case when Beckett's style becomes sparser, and he explores other dramatic genres such as radio or television alongside prose and theatre. By way of introduction, the article analyses some of these instances in more detail while providing more context about the book's provenance.


Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is the focal narrowing of the spinal canal. Nerve root canal or intervertebral foramina which many elderly suffer from, is characterized by pain, disability, risk of falling and depression. The incidence of LSS is estimated to increase along with the increase in the number of the elderly population. Patients with LSS symptoms are more effective at getting operative with the installation of a specific inplant or by decompression surgery with or without fusion than conservative intervention that continue to be performed whenever three to six months of conservative measures fail. Because the gradually slow progression of the disease naturally and the complications of the surgical procedure, it is recommended that conservative management such as physiotherapy intervention be performed before surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of manual therapy and exercise on pain scores and functional abilities of patients with LSS before receiving surgery. The research method is quantitatively experimental. The research sample amounted to 30 people taken with a non-random sampling technique from a spine clinic patient at the Orthopedic Orthopedic Hospital Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Surakarta. The effect of physiotherapy intervention on pain was measured by a visual analoge scale (VAS) and functional ability was measured with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). results are analyzed by t-test. The results of this study showed the influence of manual therapy and exercise statistically significant on pain (p = 0.000) and functional ability (p = 0.000). In the questions of each session, there was an influence on: pain intensity, lifting activity, sitting and no effect of physiotherapy actions on self-care sessions, walking, standing, sleeping, sexual activity, social life and traveling/traveling. Manual therapy and exercises affect the reduction of pain and the improvement of the functional ability of LSS patients.


A new torque control strategy for brushless motors with minimum torque ripple and minimum copper losses while maintaining the phase currents under magnetic (or current) saturation is presented. The optimal control, a nonlinear map from desired torque and position to the motor's phase currents, is the closed form solution to a quadratic programming problem. Experimental results demonstrate virtually ripple-free torque and improved tracking accuracy. In case of magnetic or current saturation, the maximum torque capability of the motor is considerably increased.


Abstract. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in marine environments impacts primary production due to its absorption effect on the photosynthetically active radiation. In coastal seas, CDOM originates from terrestrial sources predominantly and causes spatial and temporal changing patterns of light absorption which should be considered in marine biogeochemical models. We propose a model approach in which Earth Observation (EO) products are used to define boundary conditions of CDOM concentrations in an ecosystem model of the Baltic Sea. CDOM concentrations in riverine water derived from EO products serve as forcing for the ecosystem model. For this reason, we introduced an explicit CDOM state variable in the model. We show that the light absorption by CDOM in the model can be improved considerably in comparison to approaches where CDOM is estimated from salinity. The model performance increases especially with respect to spatial CDOM patterns due to the consideration of single river properties. A prerequisite is high-quality CDOM data with sufficiently high spatial resolution which can be provided by the new generation of ESA satellite sensor systems (Sentinel 2 MSI and Sentinel 3 OLCI). Such data are essential, especially when local differences in riverine CDOM concentrations exist.


This article looks at the evolution of death education through the eyes of one high school teacher, considered by some to be a pioneer in the field of death education. It looks at the start of one school's death education course more than thirty years ago and follows the themes that influenced its curriculum: consumerism, control, parenting, loss, and communication. The conclusion examines possible directions in the future.


A new subsequence cluster algorithm is proposed to solve the trivial similarity and horizontal stretching problem.It smoothes time series through a'trous-smooth-filters,and generates trivial clusters from the obtained scale sequences,then clusters on the representative subsequences of scale sequences.The new algorithm solves the problem of trivial similarity,and it can find similar subsequences with difference length,so it can solve the problem of horizontal stretching.The experiment shows that the new algorithm is effective for subsequence clustering.


Objective Solitary cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastases may be difficult to distinguish clinically from a benign cervical cyst. We sought to identify the incidence of solitary cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastasis in patients presenting with apparently benign cervical cysts.


The mechanism of serotonin (5-HT) effect on bone is still unclear. In this research the effect of altered 5-HT homeostasis on bone was further investigated in WZ-5HT rat model. Mineral density and bone parameters of femur and 3rd lumbar vertebrae were resolved using DXA and micro CT, respectively. Elevated blood 5-HT caused increased body weight and bone growth in WZ-5HT rats. Cortical bone had increased periosteal formation and endosteal resorption in animals from 5HT-high subline. Sigificant increase in bone formation rate follwed by increase in bone resorption marker indicate high bone remodelling in high-5HT rats, which decreased trabecular bone at the site of distal femur and lubar spine. Fracture healing was delayed in high-5HT animals due to prolonged mineralization of bone callus. Animals with elevated 5-HT level had decreased level of 1,25(OH)2D3 and they developed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and increased accumulation of visceral fat tissue with ageing, a symptoms of diabetes melitus type II phenotype development. In osteoblasts and osteoclasts neither 5-HT nor insulin had effect, while their sinergistic effect caused increased differentiation of osteoblasts and decreased differentiation of osteoclasts, respectively. It has been shown that 5-HT exerts its effect on bone together with insulin promoting osteoblast activation which in turn activates osteoclasts and increases bone turnover.


This paper presents an analysis and design of a DC-DC charging unit for an electric vehicle fast charging station. Due to the benefits that partial power processing achieves in terms of size reduction and efficiency improvement, it is decided to implement a partial power converter architecture. This type of architectures reduce the power to be processed by the converter, but they require an isolated topology. Therefore, a dual active bridge series resonant converter is selected for the study due to its benefits in terms of soft switching conditions. Design wise, it is decided to ensure zero voltage switching at the secondary side of the converter. Indeed, one of the benefits of the implemented partial power converter is the reduced voltage that exists at the primary side. This way, lower voltage overshoots and switching losses are expected. Finally, via simulations, it is confirmed that partial power processing can be achieved with a resonant converter and that zero voltage switching operation is ensured at the secondary side through the entire charging process.


Residents with progressive neurological disease are very likely to experience continence problems. Joanne Mangnall explains how to adapt continence care as the disease progresses


Abstract The role played by interocean fluxes of buoyancy in stabilizing the present-day overturning circulation of the Atlantic Ocean is examined. A 2D model of the Atlantic overturning circulation is used, in which the interocean fluxes of heat and salt (via the Bering Strait, Drake Passage, and Agulhas Leakage) are represented by sources and sinks. The profiles and amplitudes of these sources are based mainly on the heat and salt fluxes in a high-resolution ocean model (OCCAM). When applying realistic sources and sinks, a circulation is favored that is characterized by major downwelling in the Northern Hemisphere (northern sinking pole to pole circulation, NPP), and resembles the present-day Atlantic overturning circulation. The Southern Ocean sources appear to stabilize this circulation, whereas Bering Strait freshwater input tends to destabilize it. Already a small buoyancy input at southerly latitudes is enough to prohibit the existence of a southern sinking circulation (SPP), leaving the NPP circul...


Abstract : In this thesis, the performance analysis of a non-coherent Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) receiver using Post-Detection Selection Combining techniques over a Rayleigh fading channel is investigated. Post-Detection Selection Combining (PDSC) is evaluated and compared to Equal Gain Combining (EGC) and Selection Combining (SC), the two common diversity techniques discussed in the literature. Numerical results obtained for Post-Detection Selection Combining are compared to Selection Combining and Equal Gain Combining. The Post-Detection Selection Combining method is shown to be superior to the Selection Combining method but inferior to Equal Gain Combining method for a non-coherent DPSK receiver operating over a Rayleigh fading channel.


Under the compression state in order to obtain mode open crack behavior of coal and rock burst, based on fracture mechanics analysis of crack open type crack pattern, the study of open type crack crack characteristics, using RFPA numerical simulation software simulation with different open type crack geometry parameters of coal and rock strength and failure characteristics. The research results show that the geometric parameters and load effect on crack open type crack law, the radius of curvature, the greater the Angle of the open type crack in the closer it gets to the DHS 40 ∼ 60 DHS, the longer the length, lateral pressure coefficient is smaller, the smaller the crack stress, coal and rock will be easy to burst;Coal and rock strength increases with the increase of content of open type crack length decreases sharply, along with the increase of crack Angle contained present the change trend of increase with the decrease of the first.


This article aims to present some results of the network research project entitled "Collaborative work with teachers teaching Mathematics in Basic Education in public schools in the Northeast and Central West regions," approved in the Education Observatory Program, funded by the development agency (Capes), which were developed at the Nucleus of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS - Brazil), whose research question was: What is the formative potential of the collaborative group provided by the partnerships between the University and the school? The research had a qualitative approach, in which the dynamics of the meetings were based on texts about themes that emerged from the speeches perceived in the group discussions. In this way, we focus on the formative potential of the partnership provided by the collaborative group, which was composed by the teachers of Basic Education, postgraduate students, undergraduate students and teachers of Higher Education. The results show evidence of the collaborative partnerships established in the training process in which it was possible to visualize a reflexive posture of the professionals involved.


The views and perspectives of a transplant coordinator at the 12th Australian Transplant Games, Canberra, ACT are discussed. Participants' experiences during the games are highlighted.


In this paper there is considered the problem of construction of a new optimal quadrature formula in the sense of Sard in L2(m) 0,1] Hilbert space, using S.L. Sobolev's method. There are given explicit formulas for coefficients of the optimal quadrature formula. Furthermore, some numerical results are presented.


All the reagents were of a reagent grade. The bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) [Co(acac)2] and tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) [Co(acac)3] were obtained from Dojindo Laboratories. The experiments were carried out in a thermostated room at 298 K. Sepatation of cobalt(II) and (III) in aqueous solutions were made as follows. Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride was prepared by the conventional method.' Its aqueous solution and a cobalt(II) nitrate solution were added into a sodium acetate solution. The resulted mixed solution contained about 2X105 mol dm 3 of total cobalt and 0.01 mol dm-3 of acetate and the pH was 5 to 6. A 6 cm3 portion of this solution was placed in a stoppered glass tube (capacity 20 cm3) and the same volume of carbon tetrachloride containing 0.1 mol dm~3 of benzoyltrifluoroacetone (Hbfa) and 1X10-3 mol dm_3 of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was added and the two phases were vigorously agitated for 10 seconds and centrifuged. The cobalt in the aqueous phase was determined by atomic absorption. The cobalt in the organic phase was stripped by an agitation with 0.1 mol dm 3 perchloric acid and determined also by atomic absorption. Separation of cobalt(II) and (III) in carbon tetrachloride solutions was made as follows. A freshly prepared carbon tetrachloride solution of [Co(acac)2] and a carbon tetrachloride solution of [Co(acac)3] both containing 0.1 mol dm_3 of acetylacetone (Hacac) were placed in a stoppered glass tube and stirred vigorously for a short time with an acid perchlorate solution at pH 1 and centrifuged. The amount of cobalt stripped into the aqueous phase was determined by atomic absorption.


This paper deals with the Parallel Implementation of an Image Processing Algorithm and comparing the same with the sequential Implementation of the algorithm and demonstrate the Increase in speeds through Hardware rather optimizing the code for the same. We chose the Canny Edge Detection algorithm that aims at identifying points in a digital image where the image brightness changes sharply. The paper also deals with parallel Implementation on CUDALink, A Library or link provided by Wolfram Mathematica 9,which allows mathematica to use CUDA parallel computing architecture developed by NVIDIA to be used by Mathematica. We use the Mathematica's Inbuilt Edge Detection function that runs on the CPU to compare with our parallel Implementation on the GPU. The comparison further speaks more on the quality of edges and also the running times of both the algorithm. The GPU we use here is the NVIDIA GTX 560 Ti Edition.


Enhancing the performance of various tools and mechanical parts through the use of thin films has been given much attention recently. Thin films have many different uses including: reducing friction, protecting from corrosion and increasing hardness and wear resistance. The Royal Canadian Mint has adopted the magnetron sputter ion plating technique to apply a new Cr-Ti-N based multi-component hard coating and thereby replace their Cr-plating process. Apart from showing improvements to the performance of their minting dies, this change is also more environmentally friendly. The purpose of this thesis is to further characterise this new coating which has shown superior performance. The structure of coatings applied using the magnetron sputter ion plating technique was reviewed along with the hardness and performance analysis of thin-film coatings. Hardness performance of the film on minting dies, including hardness testing and thin-film hardness models, are reviewed. The die performance is discussed in terms of surface wear encountered during the minting process. Two test dies made from air-hardening tool steel are coated and analysed for their hardness performance. Three numismatic coin dies are also analysed at different stages of their lifetime to compare the surface wear at those stages and evaluate the performance of the coating. Both nanoand micro-indentation hardness testing was used to obtain hardness data on the two test dies. The Korsunsky thin-film hardness model was selected to best represent both sets of hardness data. The thin-film hardness model parameters and film hardness were simultaneously calibrated using both nanoand micro-indentation test data. The film hardness was determined to be about 2672 HV. The film hardness was then successfully predicted using only the micro-indentation data and the method was demonstrated on two additional dies with the same composition. The hardness performance of the die was linked to the adhesion of the film. In particular, poor adhesion led to an early decrease in measured hardness as indent test weight was increased.


Gauthier: Many challenges face IT executives, so I am not sure if one is necessarily the "biggest." But definitely one of the biggest challenges today relates to the ability to communicate clearly and effectively, be it with IT professionals, with senior management in one's organization or with one's clients. We have come a long way as IT executives in developing the ability to communicate effectively the value of our work. As a result, I believe that our clients have become more technology-savvy and better understand the impact technology can and will have on their environment. In many ways, our challenge is now to find ways to listen better and, in doing so, clearly understand not only the needs of our business users but also the continual pressures to change that they face in order to be competitive and remain relevant. One additional challenge is to either contain or cut costs, especially as the number of services and solutions being offered rises and budgets are either static or being reduced. Thus the CIO faces the challenge of having to generate savings that can be used to finance the growth that is being experienced in other unfunded (or underfunded) areas. Finally, the CIO must manage expectations around the adoption of consumer technologies for enterprise grade work. For example, the use of Dropbox, uShare, and similar services poses both a risk from a security point of view, but also a challenge in managing expectations around time-to-solution for IT services and solutions delivered by the IT department.


The effect of cycocel, gibberellic acid and kinetin was investigated on the seed germination and seedling growth of C. lanatus. Cycocel favoured germination in total darkness and largely inhibited it in diffuse light. The growth of radicule and hypocotyl was promoted only in total darkness. Gibberellic acid accelerated the pace of germination in total darkness more than diffuse light in the firs 24 hours. The growth of the radicule as well as the hypocotyl was more in diffuse light, whereas only the radicule indicated an enhanced growth in total darkness in low concentration. The known influence of this chemical on the shoot elongation largely remained ineffective. In kinetin cent percent germination was obtained in total darkness which was not so in diffuse light , except for high concentration. It enhanced the pace of germination in total darkness in the first 24 hors. The seedling growth was promoted in diffuse light, while it was inhibited in total darkness. The increase in the size of the cotyledons took place only in diffuse light. It became apparent that kinetin and gibberellic acid could partly substitute the requirements of total darkness for seed germination in this species.


Objective To approach the feasibility and timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)for the treatment of acute pancreatitis accompanying gallstones. Methods To reospective analyze the cinical data and therapeutic result of LC for 28 examples with acute pancreatitis accompanying gallstones. Results All of the 28 patients were successfully implemented by LC,postoperative recovery was well. Conclusion The patients with acute pancreatitis accompanying gallstones should be expectant treatmented according to therapeutic principle of acute pan-creatitis at first,being implemented by LC at correct operation opportunity,which is one kind of safety and feasible surgery method.


According to the pollution issue of the fine clean coal existing in the under screen material treatment technique of the vibrating jig in Yanzishan Coal Preparation Plant,with the picking up the under screen material,screening test and float-and-sink test were conducted to analyze the particle and density composition.The results showed that the ash content of the coarse particle grade in the under screen material could be quite high and the ash content of the fine particle grade would be lower.Thus,the narrow paper clip type hole of the present available scraper conveyor should be exchanged to a round hole with a diameter of 25 mm.The particle grade over 25 mm and the particle grade below 25 mm of the under screen material would be separated two sections.The particle grade over 25 mm of the under screen material would be discharged to the coal rejects belt conveyor and the particle grade below 25 mm of the under screen material would be picked up for the re-washing.After the reconstruction,the technique system would not only eliminate the coal rejects to fine clean coal polluted problem existed in the previous system,but also could improve the clean coal production rate.


Objective:To explore recovery possibilities of using the third molar residual roots and crown,repair dentition defect.Methods:Selecting 48 clinical patients of residual roots and crowns,after the perfect root-canal therapy to 56 bad teeth,adopting different repairs as well as trating and observing the clinical effect through one to three years.Results:Among 56 bad teeth,three teeth suffer from paradentitis,periapical inflammation and root-broken in different degree.Conclusions:It has certain clinical value for repairing dentition defect to repair and retain the third molar residual roots and crowns reasonable.


From numerous references it is known, that simple and complex polyethers have a number of unique properties. So, such simple polyethers as polyethersulphones, polyetherketones and others, possess the high thermal resistance and plasticity in combination with some other operational characteristics. At the same time complex polyethers are characterized by high heat resistance and increased rigidity. The presence of multiple bonds in a macrochain makes these polymers capable of formation of spatially structured materials distinctive by higher operational properties. By this way it is possible to increase considerably the thermal resistibility of materials that expand an operation temperature range of its products, to raise the thermooxidizing destruction start temperature by tens degrees, to improve strength properties, to obtain polymeric materials, resistant even to the concentrated solutions of acids and alkalia. Inserting halogen atoms into the structure of mocromolecular chain significantly increases the fire resistance of polymers. At their significant amounts the


Several Boolean satisfiability (SAT) algorithms have been generalized to the more expressive linear pseudo-Boolean (PB) language. PB models are sometimes much more compact than SAT models, allowing the practical application of SAT-based methods to new problems. We show that reformulating job-shop and round-robin scheduling from SAT to PB can greatly reduce their model sizes. Using generalized SAT algorithms we show that, computationally speaking, little or nothing is lost by the reformulation.


We suggest that the holographic principle, combined with recent technological advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics, can lead to experimental studies of quantum gravity. As a specific example, we consider the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, which consists of spin-polarized fermions with an all-to-all complex random two-body hopping and has been conjectured to be dual to a certain quantum gravitational system. Achieving low-temperature states of the SYK model is interpreted as a realization of a stringy black hole, provided that the holographic duality is true. We introduce a variant of the SYK model, in which the random two-body hopping is real. This model is equivalent to the origincal SYK model in the large-$N$ limit. We show that this model can be created in principle by confining ultracold fermionic atoms into optical lattices and coupling two atoms with molecular states via photo-association lasers. This development serves as an important first step towards an experimental realization of such systems dual to quantum black holes. We also show how to measure out-of-time-order correlation functions of the SYK model, which allow for identifying the maximally chaotic property of the black hole.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (NRs)/gold (Au)/copper sulfide (CuS) heterostructures were grown by way of a low-temperature chemical approach, magnetron sputtering deposition and the successive io...


The Land Art Generator Glasgow project resulted from an invitation by Chris Fremantle / ecoartscotland to the Directors of the Land Art Generator Initiative to consider Scotland as a potential location for a project. The Glasgow Canals Partnership, through initial support from Glasgow City Council's Green Year, has supported the Competition involving Glasgow based and overseas practices working in partnership. The resulting three proposals were exhibited in The Lighthouse (9 June-29 July), Scotland's Centre for Architecture and Design as part of the Year of Innovation, Architecture and Design. The exhibition was supported by workshops and events in partnership with Creative Carbon Scotland and Community Energy Scotland.


You may visit EpiNorth's home-page at: www.epinorth.org The homepage is bilingual, like the bulletin itself. All articles are available in full-text in Russian and English. The site is developed and maintained by the EpiNorth secretariat at the National Institute of Public Health. In order to facilitate exchange of information over the former Iron Curtain, statistical data for a number of infectious diseases in 1999 and 2000 from the national and regional reporting systems in the target area is presented at www.epinorth.org/epi_data.html. The collection has been compiled thanks to the state epidemiologists in the Scandinavian and Baltic countries, and the chief epidemiologists in the northwest Russian regions of Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, ÝïèHîðò Èíòåðíåò âåðñèÿ


Retinal vessel segmentation is an essential part of ocular disease diagnosis. However, due to complex vascular structure, large‐scale variations of retinal vessels, as well as inefficiency of vessel segmentation speed, accurate and fast automatic vessel segmentation for retinal images is still technically challenging. To tackle these issues, we present a lightweight multi‐scale‐aware network (LMSA‐Net) for retinal vessel segmentation. The network leverages the encoder‐decoder structure that was used in U‐Net. In the encoder, we propose a ghosted sandglass residual (GSR) block, aiming at greatly reducing the parameters and computational cost while obtaining richer semantic information. After that, a multi‐scale feature‐aware aggregation (MFA) module is designed to perceive multi‐scale semantic information for effective information extraction. Then, a global adaptive upsampling (GAU) module is proposed to guide the effective fusion of high‐ and low‐level semantic information in the decoder. Experiments are conducted on three public datasets, including DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and STARE. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the LMSA‐Net, which can achieve better segmentation performance than other state‐of‐the‐art methods.


Clearly column haemoperfusion could become important in many fields. It should be possible soon to design a range of columns of different selectivity by binding proteins other than albumin to inert particles.'7 Circulating antibodies can be removed by a column coated with antigen'8 and enzymes can be encapsulated or bound to insoluble matrices.'4 It is not too far-fetched to visualize a future store cupboard of different columns all ready for use, and a medical Mrs. Beaton to tell us when to take each one off the shelf.


Introduction: Pneumonia remains a significant health problem in India with significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives of this study were to identifying an effective nutritional agent that reduces the need for antibiotics, duration of pneumonia and length of hospitalization would be highly cost-beneficial. Material and Methods: This was a hospital-based case-control study: A total of 100 children including 50 cases and 50 controls, aged 2–60 months, were enrolled. Case definition of severe ALRI as given by the World Health Organization was used for cases. Controls were healthy children attending outpatients' service for immunization or admitted for minor ailments other than ALRTI. Results: Mean 25(OH)D concentrations in children of the study group were lower than those of the control group (20.431 ng/mL vs. 27.67 ng/mL; p = 0.035). Factors significantly associated with decreased risk of ALRTI in univariate analysis were: exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months (cases 13/50 (26%), controls 42/50 (84%); p =0.000); adequate exposure to sunlight (cases 14/50 (28%), controls 42/50 (84%); P=0.000); and serum 25OHD3 <20 ng/ml (cases 28/50 (56%), controls 0/50 (0%); p =.000). Multivariate logistic model indicated that severe vitamin D deficiency (OR=NA), exclusive breast feeding (OR=.174); 95% CI (.061- .521; p =.002) and adequate sunlight exposure (OR=.179) ;95%CI (.062-.519); p =.002) were significant independent predictive risk factors for ALRTI among the children between 2 months – 5 years of age (all p <0.05). Conclusion: Severe vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/ml), nonexclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, inadequate sun exposure were significant risk factors for ALRTI in Indian children. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(1):14-18


Treatment of carboxylic acids (I) with Et3N, DPPA, and tBuOH provides the title ureas as major products via Curtius rearrangement followed by an unexpected nucleophilic addition of the resulting tert-butyl carbamate to an in situ generated isocyanate intermediate.


Anarchism is Not Enough is a manifesto against systematic thinking, a difficult book by a famously difficult writer. For the scope of its critical imagination, it is the most radical work of Laura Riding's early period. This period extends from the end of 1925, when she left America for Europe and Robert Graves, to 1939, the year she returned to America, renounced any further writing of poetry, and soon after married Schuyler Jackson. Published in 1928, when Riding was twenty-seven, Anarchism is a kind of early autobiographia literaria. Long out of print and now available for the first time in paperback, this is one of the most imaginative and daring works of literary theory ever written by a modernist figure. Lisa Samuels's edition sets the work in its historical context and elucidates its central intellectual difficulties. Her introduction and notes are a valuable aid to an understanding of Riding's work.


P-ch and N-ch IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors) have been developed for high-side and low-side switches, respectively, in a push-pull circuit. These devices are of a collector-short type in order to utilize their parasitic diodes. The P-ch IGBT has two P-buffers and a deep N-base to increase not only latch-up current, but also on-state avalanche breakdown voltage. The N-ch IGBT is combined with the output pad to produce a collector-short structure and increase the collector area to obtain larger current capacity.<<ETX>>


Based on historical analyses of crop yield in the US, productivity would (depending on the climatic scenario) nonlinearly and dramatically decrease by 30–82% above threshold values of 29 °C (corn), 30 °C (soybean), and 32 °C (cotton) (1). We believe that this is a rather pessimistic view. Crop yields still increase because of the development and adoption of new technologies and improved farm management. Recently, technology was reported as the most important driver of productivity change (2), outweighing the effects of climate change and increasing CO2. Between 1961 and 2007, the yield rate of gain for corn in the US was 0.11 ton ha 1 yr 1 (3). In this period, average US corn yields increased by 240%, from 3.9 tons ha 1 yr 1 to 9.4 tons ha 1 yr 1 (4). Some have predicted that advances in agronomics, breeding, and biotechnology will lead to an average corn yield in the US of just 20 tons ha 1 yr 1 in 2030 (5). High temperatures (and also water stress) have different effects on plants at different developmental stages and are not always problematic. In Brazil for instance, farmers successfully increased the productivity of soybeans, maize, and cotton during the last decade, despite the fact that the cumulative days of exposure to temperatures above the threshold values is far greater than in the US. In the state of Mato Grosso for example, with 8% of the worldwide soybean production and 52% of the Brazilian cotton production, the maximum average day temperature [data between 1961 and 1990, INMET (6)] exceeds 35 °C for 118 days per year, of which 75 days are in the average soybean-growing season (October– May). Still, the average production of soybeans was 3.1 tons ha 1 yr 1 in 2008, thereby exceeding the average yield in the US in 2008 (2.8 tons ha 1 yr 1). A similar picture holds for cotton. According to the USDA, the cotton yield in Brazil in 2006/2007 was 1.4 tons ha 1 yr 1 compared to 0.9 tons ha 1 yr 1 in the US. These examples demonstrate that Brazilian farmers have managed to boost productivity, despite relatively long periods of exposure to temperatures above the mentioned threshold values (1). This also suggests that temperatures higher than currently experienced in the US do not necessarily need to coincide with lower crop yields and that already existing technology and future advances (new varieties, optimized farm management, biotechnology, etc.) can overrule the negative effect of increasing temperatures on yield, as observed in the presented historical data.


Dietary niche, feeding type classification and seasonal strategies of Rangifer tarandus and Ovibos moschatus discussed in relation to the anatomy of their digestive system. Classification criteria for the flexible feeding type system, originally established in bovids and later adapted to cervids, are substantiated and critically discussed in the light of recent attempts to invalidate the system. Eurasian mountain reindeer, North American barren-ground caribou, Svalbard reindeer and Victoria Island caribou are seasonally adaptable, opportunistic ruminants of the intermediate feeding type but the long evolutionary sepatation of Svalbard reindeer has modified several morphological features for winter survival without lichen, resulting in better adaptation to fibrous forage. Muskoxen, despite their seasonal selectivity, are typical grass and roughage eaters with extremely long mean retention time. Detailed data on the entire digestive system from muzzle to anus on both species are still insufficient and extended studies are worthwhile for understanding their nutritional niche and feeding adaptations.


Pain is strongly modulated by expectations and beliefs. Research across species indicates that subregions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) play a fundamental role in learning and generating predictions about valued outcomes. Consistent with this overarching framework, neuroimaging studies of experimental pain indicate that VMPFC activation tracks expectations of pain relief and statistically mediates expectation-related reductions in responses to painful stimuli across a distributed pain processing network. However, lesion studies in preclinical models and in humans with refractory chronic pain suggest that VMPFC may play a more general role in representing the affective and motivational qualities of pain that contribute to its strong aversive drive. To test whether VMPFC is necessary for pain processing in general, or instead plays a more specific role in the modulation of pain by expectations, we studied responses to experimental heat pain in five adults with bilateral surgical lesions of VMPFC and twenty healthy adults without brain damage. All participants underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) to characterize pain sensitivity, followed by a pain expectancy task. Participants were instructed that auditory cues would be followed by heat calibrated to elicit low or high pain. Following a conditioning phase, each cue was intermittently paired with a single temperature calibrated to elicit moderate pain. We compared ratings of moderate heat stimuli and subjective expectancy ratings as a function of cue to evaluate whether VMPFC lesions impact cue-based expectancy and expectancy effects on pain intensity and unpleasantness. We also analyzed QST measures to evaluate whether VMPFC lesions were associated with overall shifts in pain sensitivity. Compared to adults without brain damage, individuals with VMPFC lesions reported larger differences in expectations as a function of pain-predictive cues, and stronger cue-based modulation of pain ratings, particularly for ratings of pain unpleasantness. There were no group differences in pain sensitivity, nor in the relationship between pain and autonomic arousal, indicating that the impact of VMPFC lesions is specific to expectancy-based modulation of pain unpleasantness. Our findings suggest that the VMPFC is not essential for basic subjective and physiological responses to painful stimuli. Rather, our findings of significantly enhanced cue- related expectancy effects may suggest that VMPFC plays an important role in updating expectations or integrating sensory information with expectations to guide subjective judgements about pain. Taken together, these results expand our understanding VMPFC's contribution to pain and highlight the role of VMPFC in integrating cognitive representations with sensory information to yield affective responses.


Persons of tribal origin are among India's earliest inhabitants and account for over a quarter of India's poorest people. Indigenous people all over the world have a higher burden of disease than their non-indigenous counterparts and contribute to disproportionate rates of disability and a significant part of this disability can be attributed to adverse effects of smoking. In India, called the scheduled tribes, they face more risks of ill health compared to other social groups and are also more likely to smoke and consume alcohol. This leads to poor health indicators among persons of tribal origin. Harsh physical environment, illiteracy, poor hygiene, sanitation ABSTRACT


Background: Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a recognized treatment to decrease mortality and improve neurological functionin hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). An esophageal cooling device (ECD) has been studied in animal models but human data is limited. ECD appear to offer similar benefits to intravascular cooling catheters with potentially less risk to the patient. We studied whether the ECD could act as a substitute for intravascular cooling catheters. Methods: Eight ICU patients admitted following cardiac arrest who required TTM were enrolled prospectively. The primary outcome measures were timeliness of insertion, ease of insertion, user Likert ratings, time to achieve a target temperature of 36˚C and time target temperature was maintained within 0.5˚C of the 36˚C goal for 24 hours using an ECD. Results: Time to reach target temperature 0 min to 540 min. ECD appeared to be effective at maintaining a target temperature of 36˚C for most patients. In general, the catheter was easy to insert and use. Conclusions: For patients requiring TTM, use of an ECDadequately allowed for TTM goalsto be achieved and maintained. Overall user evaluationwas positive.


The relationship between trade liberalization and informal activity has not received the attention, whether theoretical or empirical, that it may deserve. The conventional view posits that trade liberalization would cause a rise in informality. This paper uses three different data sets to assess the sign of the relationship. Empirical results provide a mixed picture. Macro-founded data tend to produce results supporting the conventional view; micro-founded data do not. Empirical results also suggest that while informal output increases with deeper trade liberalization, informal employment falls.


Competition between males to fertilize a female's eggs can occur before, during, and after copulation (Parker, 1970; and see Birkhead & Møller, 1998). When the sperm of two or more males simultaneously occupies the reproductive tract of a female and competes to fertilize her eggs, sperm competition occurs (Parker, 1970). Sperm competition has been documented or inferred to exist in many species, ranging from molluscs (Baur, 1998) and insects (Simmons, 2001) to birds (Birkhead & Møller, 1992) and humans (Baker & Bellis, 1993a, 1993b; Gallup et al., 2003; Shackelford, 2003; Shackelford et al., 2002, 2004; Smith, 1984; Wyckoff, Wang, & Wu, 2000). For species that practice social monogamy, the mating system in which males and females form long-term pair bonds but also pursue extra-pair copulations (e.g. most birds and humans), female sexual infidelity creates the primary context for sperm competition (Birkhead & Møller, 1992; Smith, 1984). Males of such species may have adaptations that decrease the likelihood that a rival male's sperm will fertilize his partner's eggs – adaptations that decrease the likelihood of being cuckolded, unwittingly investing resources in genetically unrelated offspring. Male sexual jealousy, for example, is one of the most widely researched human anti-cuckoldry adaptations. Male sexual jealousy is hypothesized to motivate men to deter a mate from a sexual infidelity or a permanent defection from the mateship, and to deter rivals from mate poaching (e.g. Buss et al., 1992; Daly, Wilson, & Weghorst, 1982; Harris, 2003; Symons, 1979; White & Mullen, 1989). Others have described more specific adaptations that may combat sperm competition. Baker and Bellis (1993a), for example, demonstrated that men may have physiological adaptations that function to increase


This article presents an algorithm for determining the theoretical outline of the shaft using the differential equations of a static shaft deflection in the form of a complex-valued function. The method which has been proposed is based on the Euler-Bernoulli formula and enables to obtain a universal relation to determine the shape of the shaft on the basis of the expected deflection. This approach greatly simplifies the design of the machine shafts, eliminating the iterative step of choosing diameters that fulfilled the design criteria. Furthermore, based on the proposed model, it is possible to determine the stiffness of the shaft, which is necessary to determine the critical speed of the rotor.


This considers the problem of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> controller design for singular stochastic systems. The systems have Markovian jump and time-varying delay. We aim to design a controller ensuring the closed-loop system is stochastically admissible and satisfies a prescribed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance index <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Based on the linear matrix inequalities (LMIS) techniques, the mode-dependent singular matrices <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{(r_{t})}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the stochastic Lyapunov function method, a sufficient condition for the desired <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> controller for the system under consideration is given in terms of LMIs. Moreover, to clarify the proposed results, some illustrative examples are presented.


This study is aimed at evaluation of the deformation behavior of Shirasu soil (volcanic sandy soil) for reclamation and embankment construction, using elastoplastic constitutive equation based on the subloading surface model with the rotational hardening. Test results for isotropic consolidation and monotonic/cyclic loading-unloading compression with several lateral stresses under the drained conditions for various initial void ratios are reported. Further, the simulation by the constitutive equation based on the extended subloading surface model is compared with the test results. High applicability of the constitutive equation for the prediction of mechanical behavior of Shirasu soil for a geo-material at the lowland in the southern Kyushu is verified by the comparison.


The connection between electromagnetism and gravitation can be made more explicit by examining the impedance mismatch between the Planck particle and the photon and electron. The Planck particle may be defined in two ways; for particles with mass, and for the photon. For massive particles the Compton wavelength and Schwarzschild radius are taken to be equal. The resulting radius is the Planck length, the scale at which space is in some sense quantized. The Planck particle as thus defined is strictly mechanical. It has no electromagnetic properties. The Planck particle may be similarly defined in terms of the massless photon, again as one whose wavelength and Schwarzschild radius are equal. The radius is again the Planck length. The Planck particle as thus defined is electromechanical, an electromagnetic black hole. The impedance mismatch between such particles and the photon and electron is shown to be the ratio of the gravitational and electromagnetic forces.


Photos of the Cricket Coaching which took place from Monday 2nd - Friday 6th August 2010 at Wellingborough Town Cricket Club


Under the environment of Microstation VBA,the secondary development of Microstation V8 is carried out,and a set of updating and quality checking systems of multi-scale topographic maps based on Microstation V8 platform have been realized.The functions of this system in dealing with points,lines,surfaces,annotation,property,plot effects and quality inspection control and other aspects are introduced.Through the secondary development,the updating and maintenance of topographic maps have been realized.It is favourable for quality controlling and meet the demand of storage of topographic maps.


SBJT: Whom would you name as someone whose impact has been underestimated? Timothy George: Basil Manly, Sr. (17981868) was one of the most significant shapers of the Southern Baptist tradition, although his legacy has been somewhat eclipsed by his illustrious son, Basil Manly, Jr., one of the four faculty founders of Southern Seminary and sometime president of Georgetown College. For many years in the SBC, figures such as Manly, Sr., if noticed at all, were mere objects of affectionate obscurity. Now that it is once again acceptable to evaluate the theology and historic importance of such figures, Manly, Sr. deserves to be brought down from the shelf of historical curiosity and refurbished as a model of pastoral integrity, theological fidelity, and denominational statesmanship. Manly was born at Chatham County, North Carolina, on January 29, 1798. His father was a Catholic but, like his mother, Basil became a Baptist. Converted to Christ through the witness of a slave, he was baptized in 1816 in the Haw River. Soon thereafter he was licensed to preach in the Sandy Creek Baptist Association. At age twenty-eight Manly was called as pastor of the oldest and most prestigious Baptist church in the South, the First Baptist Church of Charleston, succeeding the venerable Richard Furman. Manly had a great influence on an entire generation of younger ministers, including his own son and James Petigru Boyce. Manly was Boyce's mentor and father in the ministry. A strong advocate of theological education, Manly called for the creation of an Education Convention, which played an important role in the eventual formation of Southern Seminary, over which Manly also presided as chair of the first board of trustees. Manly is doubly significant in Baptist history in that he served as a bridge between the more settled conditions of Baptist life on the eastern seaboard and the expansion of Baptist life into what was then the western frontier, that is, the Alabama wilderness. Manly served as the second president of the University of Alabama and also as pastor of the First Baptist Churches of Tuscaloosa and Montgomery. After an interlude of four years back in Charleston, he returned to Alabama in 1859 as a church planter and The SBJT Forum: Overlooked Shapers of Evangelicalism


Energy label is an important energy-saving measure widely adopted in the world to improve the energy efficiency of end products. The innovation and development is of great significance to expanding its implementation effects. This paper is aimed to identify and solve existing problems through comparative analysis on implementation mechanism and the latest trends of energy labelling programs of China and the United States, and provide some beneficial inspirations for the opening and sustainable development of energy labelling program in China, and even in the world.


We examined the influence of climate (temperature and rainfall) and nonclimatic variables (soil fertility using soil pH and organic matter) on the production of agricultural staple crops (maize [Zea mays L.], millet [Pennisetum glaucum L.], and rice [Oryza sativa L.]) in vulnerable communities in the Bawku Municipality of northern Ghana. Using five selected farming communities as study sites, multiple datasets were obtained from primary and secondary sources. Participatory approaches together with questionnaires were used as data collection tools to quantify and qualify climate (temperature and rainfall) and nonclimatic variables (soil fertility using soil pH and organic matter) and crop production. The Mann–Kendall trend test results indicate a significant variation in annual rainfall for the 15-year period (1999 to 2013) with a relatively stable mean temperature variation in the Municipality. The results of the multiple regression indicate that climatic and nonclimatic factors, particularly rainfall, soil pH, and organic matter have a significant positive effect on maize, millet, and rice when other factors are held constant. We conclude that to ease the burden of climate on production, better irrigation facilities be provided for the Municipality and weather forecasting information on the pending growing season be made available to farmers to enable them take informed decision. Also, policy on climate adaptation should take into account the interaction of external drivers of climate and nonclimatic variables to better build farmers' resilience for food security at the local level.


Abstract The current study is an examination of how parental marital satisfaction and divorce relates to sibling relationships in emerging adulthood. Participants were 116 men and 189 women between the ages of 19 and 33. Participants were administered questionnaires regarding their parental marital satisfaction and divorce, sibling closeness, sibling communication, and sibling support. Results indicated that individuals from non-divorced families were closer to their siblings, communicated more with their siblings, and received greater levels of support from their siblings compared with individuals from divorced families. Additionally, perceived parental marital satisfaction was found to be a significant predictor of total sibling communication, closeness, and support. Finally, perceived parental marital satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between parental divorce and total sibling support and between parental divorce and total sibling closeness.


At a time when many Development Centres do not run as well as they should, strategic advice is provided on the core process of all Centres: assessment, counselling and development planning. Each of these processes is covered in depth and, throughout, the experience of major companies such as Philips and Pilkington is drawn on to support and illustrate its points. The bigger issues, those which have major impacts on the effectiveness of the Centres, are the focus of the article; in many ways important new standards are set for companies using Centres.


Electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic susceptibility and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity measurements of imidazolate bridged [(Salval)Cu-Im-Cu(Salval)]Na, [(Salval)Cu-Im-Ni(Salval)]Na and [(Salval)Cu-Im-Zn(Salval)]Na complexes, [where salval = salicyledenevalinate, im = imidazolate ion,] are described. Related mononuclear copper(II) compelxes are also synthesized. The pH-dependent EPR and electronic spectroscopic studies of frozen 50% aqueous DMSO solution of homo- and heterobinuclear complexes have been found to be stable over the wide pH range.


Incorporating boron into gallium nitride to make BxGa1-xN solid solutions would create an avenue for extreme alloys due to the fact that wurtzite phase BN has a larger band gap and smaller lattice parameters compared to GaN. In this paper, the authors report the growth of high crystal quality, random alloy BxGa1-xN thin films with x up to 3.04% grown on (0001) Ga-face GaN on sapphire substrates using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy and BBr3 gas as a B source. High resolution x-ray diffraction was used to measure both the c plane spacing and the strain state of the films. It was determined that the films were fully coherent to the GaN substrate. Elastic stress-strain relations and Vegard's law were used to calculate the composition. Atom probe tomography was used to confirm that the BxGa1-xN films were random alloys. In addition to demonstrating a growth technique for high crystal quality BxGa1-xN thin films, this paper demonstrated the use of BBr3 as a novel B source in plasma assisted molecular be...


A heat pump water heater comprises a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, solar cells and hot water tanks. The compressor, the evaporator, the condenser and hot water tanks are connected in series to form the circulation loop. The solar cells are electrical connected with the compressor. The utility model is characterized in that the solar cells is equipped with a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprises a cooling loop formed by a shell which is hollow and full of heat conducting liquid, a liquid inlet port and a liquid outlet port which two are connected with the shell. An assistance evaporator is arranged between the cooling loop and the circulation loop. The hot water tank is connected with the liquid inlet port and outlet port. A throttling device is arranged between the condenser and the evaporator. A snakelike tube connected with the liquid inlet port and outlet port is arranged inside the shell, and two drainage grooves are connected with the liquid inlet port and outlet port separately inside the shell. The utility model as a heat pump water heater has the advantages of long usage life, high efficiency and energy saving.


In a mixed-model assembly line (MMAL), varying models of the same basic product are produced in a facultative sequence. This gives rise to the short-term model sequencing problem, which has to decide on the production sequence of a given number of model copies so that work overload is minimised. Recently, many MMALs have been arranged in 'U-lines', where one operator supervises both the entrance and the exit. This paper addresses the model sequencing problem on a paced mixed-model U-line in a cyclic production environment. Some useful properties of the problem are characterised, and the problem is formulated to minimise the steady-state work overload. A branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed to solve small-sized problems, and a heuristic is proposed for practical-sized problems. Numerical experiments on 540 randomly generated instances show that the proposed heuristic can find near-optimal solutions efficiently.


Abstract The double linearization concept is applied to a rotating annular cascade model operating at supersonic axial velocity. It is assumed that each blade vibrates with infinitesimal displacement amplitude under small but non-zero mean loading. Vibration modes normal and parallel to the blade chord are considered. Numerical results indicate that the mean loading effects play a crucial role on the aerodynamic instability of the blade motion. The bending motion can be unstable due to the presence of mean loading. Both the steady performance and the flutter boundary are highly sensitive to the blade camber. The bending motion instability is substantially influenced also by the chordwise component of the blade motion. Some numerical results compared with strip theory prediction demonstrate significant three-dimensional effects on the unsteady aerodynamic force under non-zero mean loading.


A model and an algorithm for the formation of an optimal logistic plan for the implementation of a complex of related works are proposed. The model is based on the presentation of the optimization procedure in the form of a non-linear problem of discrete programming, consisting Anisimov V.G., Gapov M.R., Rodionova E.S. RUDN Journal of Economics, 2018, 26 (1), 7—18 17 MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING ISSUES in minimizing the execution time of a complex of related works by a limited number of partially interchangeable executors, while limiting the total cost of work.


The aim of study was to assess the irrational use of antibiotics among the local population of Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh, Pakistan. Rational or proper medication means patients consume proper medicines for said diagnostic disease and after its consumption, the symptoms disappear. For rational use, selection of medicines is very important along with its proper dosing and it is also necessary to check the adequate time for proper treatment. Cross-sectional study was conducted Original Research Article Malik et al.; JPRI, 33(27A): 68-75, 2021; Article no.JPRI.67508 69 at various out-patient settings located in Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences, District Shaheed Benazir Abad for the period of 06 months. Total 374 study samples were collected by using simple random sampling technique. From the total study subjects, 209 were males and 165 females. 129 people had only primary qualification. 188 study subjects were married and 149 were unmarried, people use to take antibiotics due to less knowledge and trust on the medical prescriber and take as self diagnosis found among 48 and they didn't have proper time to visit health care facility so the shortage of time was observed among 151 people. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimaxazole were frequently used by the participants due to different causes. Health Care professional should take proper action against the pharmacies and medical stores as they sale the drugs without any prescription and proper counseling session should be conducted, in order to educate the community regarding rational and irrational use of medicaments.


The objective of this work was to obtain a forecast model of coffee crop productivity in seven municipal districts of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The harmonic analysis in Fourier series was applied on productivity series to each location. The obtained coefficients until the harmonic seventh were submitted to multiple linear regression in the first three principal components of a group of 33 inherent variables of coffee production. These variables were averages of 15 years corresponding to the same years of productivity and subdivided in four quarterly periods during the agricultural year (July to June). The model did not prove adequate, since the results presented errors of estimatives with great discrepancies evidencing the complexity of yield forecast of coffee crop.


The Green Research Group has previously synthesized molecules that are capable of combating the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and preventing and reversing amyloid beta aggregate formation. While preliminary studies show that these ligands are able to cross the blood brain barrier to an extent, it is important to enhance this property of the ligands. In this study, we apply a common technique to increase blood brain barrier permeability, glycosylation, to the L2 and L3 ligands. New synthetic pathways and reactions were created to achieve glycosylation, and the newly synthesized molecules were characterized using 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and mass spectrometry.


This project concentrates on the energy flows of Klintehamn and examines if it is possible for Klintehamn to be self-sufficient in the future. To reach this goal, the energy flows in Klintehamn mus ...


This note reviews Bachelier (1900) and related literatures up to now. Bachelier (1900) presented the first option pricing model based on his mathematical theory of Brownian motions. His model assumed that the underlying price follows the arithmetic Brownian motion that allow negative asset prices and therefore it does not satisfy no-arbitrage conditions. Samuelson (1965), Smith (1976) and others criticize these points and proposed the more general stochastic process, the Geometric Brownian motion, to overcome these problems. Later, Liu (2007) and Kolman (2013) apply the risk neutral approach to value the option whose underlying asset prices follow the arithmetic Brownian motion, but they still fall on the same problem; violation of no-arbitrage conditions. In this note I try to propose a new pricing model to resolve this problem and extend Bachelier work based on the general equilibrium analysis, i.e. stochastic discount factor approach. Bachelier (1900) model is more useful in real option analysis and corporate finance because both researches focus on the cash flow of projects and corporate profits which can take negative value; i.e. losses. The many researches dealing with the relationship between option and profit or project cash flow are also reviewed


A lthough prestressed concrete nuclear plant containment structures came into prominence only about 10 years ago, nevertheless, their design and construction features have undergone rapid development. So much so, that in this short time period we can identify three generations of evolution in containment design and construction practice. This paper will review past and present containment concepts and point to what we can expect in the future.


We have used HRTEM and STEM EDX to determine the important roles of endotaxial nanostructures in a lead-free thermoelectric (TE) material, SnCd0.03Te, with 2% CdS and 2% ZnS; where maximum ZTs of ~1.3 and ~1.1 are achieved at 873 K, respectively. TE materials convert wasted heat into electric energy. The conversion efficiency of TE materials is characterized by a dimensionless figure of merit ZT = S 2 T/ κ , where S is the Seeback coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, T is the absolute temperature and к = ке + κ ι is the total thermal conductivity, including both electronic (ке ) and lattice (κ ι) contributions. The record-high ZT values resulting from nanoscale precipitates in p-type SnTe make SnTe-based materials ideal candidate for p-type lead chalcogenides [1-3] for high temperature thermoelectric power generation.


A 2-D gradient echo spiral sequence was used to generate T1 and T2 image sets in the abdomen of healthy volunteers at 3T using Look-Locker and T2-prep techniques respectively. Relaxation times were calculated by fitting signal magnitude to a monoexponential decay using a least squares fit. Range of T1 and T2 values at 3T were compared to 1.5T values found in the literature. As expected, T1 values at 3T increased with respect to T1 values at 1.5T. T2 values remained largely unchanged. The results can be used to optimize abdominal imaging at 3T by allowing for better tissue structure differentiation.


This paper aims to sequence mixed-models of assembly cars launching into the final inspection lines using a fixed rate launching interval algorithm. There are four different car models which are simultaneously assembled in the assembly lines. Finally, they are queued up for inspection at the workstations which are designed in 3 parallel lines. Due to the fact that each model has different required production demands; therefore, the exact sequencing pattern in order to meet required production rate is inevitable. Thus, the algorithm in mixed- model assembly line (MMAL) namely fixed rate launching interval is applied. However, the production requirement can't be equally divided among the mentioned 3 parallel lines. Therefore, the fixed rate launching algorithm will be applied to each line. As a result the launching interval of each line is determined at 3.390, 3.630, and 3.630 minutes respectively. It is found that the exact sequencing pattern can be obtained and the required production rate can be achieved. The idle and/or congestion times are kept at minimum; consequently, the remaining time at the end of an hour is considerable increasing from 3.495 to 9.150 minutes in line 1 and slightly increasing from 7.262 to 9.80 minute in line 2 and 3.


In a business service context, client alliances may provide an important way to build the competences of the service firm. The close interaction with the client in service delivery offers an opportunity for a business service firm to absorb knowledge from the client. This chapter adds to our understanding of managing the process of learning and knowledge transfer by looking at
how clients can contribute to the development of the knowledge base of knowledge-intensive business service firms. Combining insights from the resource-based literature, this chapter develops a model of competence building through knowledge management in downstream alliances.


Love and self-esteem are part of human needs as a form of self-existence. Attempts to reach and maintain love and self-esteem are reflected in the character's attitude. This study aims to describe the love needs and self-esteem needs of characters and how the characters behave in making it happen. The needs and behavior of characters in making it happen are closely related to literary psychology, so this study chooses literary psychology as its approach. This research used qualitative methods and was based on Abraham Maslow's theory. The data source was in the form of the novel Lengking Burung Kasuari by Nunuk Y. Kusmiana published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama in 2017. The data of this research were quotations from story units. The data collection techniques of this research were (a) reading the object of study, (b) identifying the data according to the research objectives, and (c) classifying the data. While the data analysis techniques were as follows, (a) rechecking the data in accordance with the problem formulation, (b) describing the data, (c) interpreting the data, (d) drawing conclusions. The results of the research can be stated as follows. First, the need for love includes feelings of longing for, playing, and caring for friends. Second, forms of need for self-esteem include broad insight, promotion, and responsibility. Third, the character tries to realize the need for love, the need for price self as a form of self-existence.


The article is devoted to the influence of historiccultural and normative factors of gender relations formation in traditional culture of the Buryats. The formation and development of gender relations in traditional culture of the Buryats (of the second half of the XVIII beginning XIX centuries) was influenced by historic-cultural development of the region, traditional mode of life, gender division of economic working activity, religious view of men and women, process of upbringing boys and girls, common law. These factors have defined peoples character, assisted cross-cultural contact, changed the mode of life and common law and corrected behaviour rules between genders


IONESCO'S ABSURD ANTHROPOLOGY Deborah Fuller Department of French and Italian Master of Arts Eugene Ionesco's plays are often thought of only as absurd. This thesis explores another possible interpretation of his plays, including Rhinoceros, Le Roi se meurt, Jeux de massacre, Les Chaises, Victimes du devoir, La Jeune fille a marier, and La Lecon. These plays are investigated with the help of anthropologist Rene Girard's theory on ritual, violence, and sacrifice. Since these elements are recurring themes in Ionesco's plays, Girard's theory is a useful key to unlocking what may seem at times to be nothing but nonsense, but is full of meaning. In the first chapter, the rituals and repetitions that abound in Ionesco's plays are discussed in the light of Girardian theory, illustrating the negative effects of ritual without substance. Chapter two analyses the violent and sacrificial nature of these plays, and their contagious qualities. The third chapter discusses where redemption can be found amidst the violence. This thesis also debates the possible Christian aspects within Ionesco's works relating to the themes of ritual, violence, and redemption. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Ritual and Repetition 8 Chapter 2: Violence and Sacrifice 26 Chapter 3: Redemption 47 Conclusion 62 Bibliography 66


Log analysis in Web search showed that user sessions often contain several different topics. This means sessions need to be segmented into parts which handle the same topic in order to give appropriate user support based on the topic, and not on a mixture of topics. Different methods have been proposed to segment a user session to different topics based on timeouts, lexical analysis, query similarity or external knowledge sources. In this paper, we study the problem in a digital library for the social sciences. We present a method based on a thesaurus and a classification system which are typical knowledge organization systems in digital libraries. Five experts evaluated our approach and rated it as good for the segmentation of search sessions into parts that treat the same topic.


Learning behavior is influenced by internal factors and external factors. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of students who have poor learning behavior. This study aims to describe internal and external factors that influence student learning behavior. This type of descriptive research using quantitative methods. The research population of students of SMA Negeri 5 Padang was 1,025 students, and the research sample of 273 students were selected by proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data collection uses a questionnaire about the factors that influence the learning behavior of the Likert Scale model. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results of this study describe (1) internal factors that influence learning behavior namely physiological aspects are in the high category (50%), and psychological aspects are in the high category (49%), (2) external factors that influence learning behavior namely the social environment in the high category (68%), and the nonsocial environment is in the high category (63%). Based on the research findings, it is suggested to BK teachers to be able to provide Guidance and Counseling services in the form of information services, content mastery services, individual counseling services, group guidance services, and group counseling services to students, so that students can overcome the problems or obstacles they experience.


On December 8, 2022, in a case relating to a de-referencing request to an internet search engine operator on the basis of inaccurate information, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) delivered its judgment (the Judgment) on the interpretation of the right to erasure (right to be forgotten) under Article 17 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR), and the rights of access and objection under Articles 12 and 14 of the EU Directive 95/46/EC (the Directive), in light of fundamental rights to privacy, protection of personal data, and freedom of expression and information under Articles 7, 8, and 11 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter). The case establishes that the burden of proof is on the person requesting de-referencing to show manifest inaccuracy of information, but this does not require them to seek a judicial remedy against the website publisher before requesting de-referencing. Although the search engine operator is obliged to carry out checks to confirm the merits of the request, it has no obligation to investigate the facts and probe further with the website publisher. However, it must de-reference where relevant and sufficient evidence is submitted to show manifest inaccuracy, and it must display a warning where it is made aware of judicial proceedings.


Bosnia and Herzegovina has a long history of bryophyte flora research. However, it is still considered insufficiently investigated, and until recently the bryophyte investigations were completely neglected. Hence new records for the country are expected with novel exploration. Here, we report one liverwort (Porella obtusata) and four moss species (Bryum klinggraeffii, Cinclidotus danubicus, Habrodon perpusillus and Imbribryum subapiculatum) new for the country bryophyte flora. With these new records bryoflora of Bosnia and Herzegovina numbers 673 taxa (no hornworts, 134 liverworts and 539 mosses).


To evaluate the possible role for receptor-based tyrosine phosphorylation in growth signaling induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2), a series of substitution tyrosine mutants of the IL-2 receptor β and γc chains was prepared and analyzed. Concurrent mutation of all six of the cytoplasmic tyrosines present in the β chain markedly inhibited IL-2-induced growth signaling in both pro-B and T cell lines. Growth signaling in a pro-B cell line was substantially reconstituted when either of the two distal tyrosines (Tyr-392, Tyr-510) was selectively restored in the tyrosine-negative β mutant, whereas reconstitution of the proximal tyrosines (Tyr-338, Tyr-355, Tyr-358, Tyr-361) did not restore this signaling function. Furthermore, at least one of the two cytoplasmic tyrosines that is required for β chain function was found to serve as a phosphate acceptor site upon induction with IL-2. Studies employing a chimeric receptor system revealed that tyrosine residues of the β chain likewise were important for growth signaling in T cells. In contrast, although the γc subunit is a target for tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo, concurrent substitution of all four cytoplasmic tyrosines of this chain produced no significant effect on growth signaling by chimeric IL-2 receptors. However, deletion of either the Box 1, Box 2, or intervening (V-Box) regions of γc abrogated receptor function. Therefore, tyrosine residues of β but not of γc appear to play a pivotal role in regulating growth signal transduction through the IL-2 receptor, either by influencing cytoplasmic domain folding or by serving as sites for phosphorylation and subsequent association with signaling intermediates. These findings thus highlight a fundamental difference in the structural requirements for IL-2Rβ and γc in receptor-mediated signal transduction.


We use first principles density functional theory to study the vibrational properties of colloidal quantum dots with up to 1000 atoms. This represents a size regime where the vibrations are molecular but are reminiscent of bulk phonons. We describe how these vibration types coexist and interact. Some counterintuitive results, such as blue shifts with increasing passivant mass, are highlighted. We compare the vibrational properties of zinc-blende and wurtzite CdSe nanoclusters, and find significant differences for the "optical" modes that we attribute to the intrinsic anisotropy of the wurtzite structure. We suggest studying the low temperature specific heat to unveil the otherwise hard to access surface properties.


An electromagnetically actuatable brake with the armature plate and the electric motor, wherein the armature plate comprises a receiving part and another part, wherein the further part is made of a material of higher electrical conductivity than the receptacle part.


Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are emerging nanomaterials with analogous structures and similarly impressive mechanical properties to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), but unique chemistry and complimentary multifunctional properties, including higher thermal stability, electrical insulation, optical transparency, neutron absorption capability, and piezoelectricity. Over the past decade, advances in synthesis have made BNNTs more broadly accessible to the nanomaterials and other research communities, removing a major barrier to their utilization and research. Therefore, the field is poised to grow rapidly and see the emergence of BNNT applications ranging from electronics to aerospace materials. A key challenge, that is being gradually overcome, is the development of manufacturing processes to make "neat" BNNT materials. This overview highlights the history and current status of the field, providing both an introduction to this Focus Issue—BNNTs: Synthesis to Applications—as well as a perspective on advances, challenges, and opportunities for this emerging material. Graphical abstract


Criminal organisations have the ability to exert secret power – governance over the community and inhibition of opposition (omerta). Traditionally, omerta has been attributed to fear or passivity. ...


The utility model provides a charging mobile phone cover, which comprises a shell body, a battery module, a power line and an elastic body, wherein the battery module is arranged in the shell body; one end of the power line is electrically connected with the battery module, and the other end of the power line is provided with an output port for externally supplying power; one end of the shell body is provided with an accommodating space and an accommodating groove communicated with the accommodating space; the power line is accommodated in the accommodating space and the accommodating groove; the elastic body is arranged in the accommodating space and sleeved on the power line; and the output port of the power line is accommodated in the accommodating groove. The battery module is arranged in the mobile phone cover, so that the service time of a mobile phone is prolonged, and the surface of the mobile phone is free from being damaged. When the battery module is not used, the output port is arranged in the accommodating groove, and the elastic body is convenient for the output port to return to the accommodating groove after the output is used. The charging mobile phone cover has the advantages of simple structure and attractive appearance and is convenient to use.


Several types of job-hunting psychology are analyzed using management psychological theory, aiming to help postgraduates understand the society's requirements. It is pointed out that postgraduates should know what they are prepared to do and what they really can do. While choosing vocations, they also should be chosen by employers.


The influence of an atomic spin momentum and of a resonance-state fine structure splitting on polarization-dependent properties of coherent and incoherent three-wave frequency mixing in atoms is studied. The frequency mixing amplitude in a double-resonance approximation is presented in terms of an expansion in tensor products of unit polarization vectors and a wave vector of an incident or generated radiation. The inter-resonance damping of amplitude for the coherent scattering at right angles the mixed-frequency wave is revealed analytically. In contrast to spin-less atoms without fine structure, in atoms with spin and spin-orbit level splitting effects the amplitude of double-resonant incoherent forward scattering of the mixed-frequency radiation takes on nonzero values. This amplitude is directly proportional to the fine structure splitting of resonant atomic levels. Wave-polarization dependence of corresponding cross section is studied in detail. The circular dichroism for the sum-frequency wave appears, when the incident waves have different linear polarization. The dependence on the resonance detuning and level width and splitting is determined for the circular dichroism and linear depolarization degree.


The process of effective interrelation necessary for teaching the subject at higher school has been represented as a noncooperative game between the professor and the students. This process is the functioning of teaching of organizational S system which comprises P -pedagogue (professor) and K -collective of students. The preference is given to the democratic model of relation to objective and optimal mutual responsibility of the pedagogue and a student to the rights-obligations imposed on them. Two classes of models of noncooperatve games corresponding to management of S system have been built games with relations of preferences and the games with utility. The main principle of optimality is the Nash equilibrium, or it is such kind of situation, none of the player it is not profitable the unilateral deviation from it. According to the indicated principle of equilibrium the tasks originated in the process of S system functioning has been solved. According to the solving results students must study systamatically do their tasks and teachers must be responsible objective for their work


We have developed a radiant technique for substrate heating which we found particularly useful for the in situ deposition of high temperature superconducting films. Using this technique, large area YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ films were deposited, using off-axis sputter deposition, onto lanthanum aluminate and sapphire substrates, the latter using an yttria-stabilized zirconia buffer layer. For both types of substrates we were able to obtain c-axis oriented films. The DC and microwave properties of the films deposited on lanthanum aluminate are presented along with the DC measurements of the films deposited on sapphire. The motivation for employing this method of heating are discussed, along with our current plans for scaling up the process to produce even larger area films.<<ETX>>