This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and organizational innovation in new ventures. We also investigate the moderating role of entrepreneurs' cognition, namely regulatory focus, in the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and organizational innovation. Findings from data collected from 141 Chinese new ventures indicated that entrepreneurial passion is positively related to organizational innovation. Moreover, the regulatory focus of entrepreneurs moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and organizational innovation, such that the relationship is stronger under high promotion focus or low prevention focus. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.


Background In recent years, a bioinformatics method for interpreting GWAS data using metabolic pathway analysis has been developed and successfully used to find significant pathways and mechanisms explaining phenotypic traits of interest in plants. However, the many scripts implementing this method were not straightforward to use, had to be customized for each project, required user supervision, and took more than 24 hours to process data. PAST (Pathway Association Study Tool), a new implementation of this method, has been developed to address these concerns. Results PAST is implemented as a package for the R language. Two user-interfaces are provided; PAST can be run by loading the package in R and calling its methods, or by using an R Shiny guided user interface. In testing, PAST completed analyses in approximately one hour by processing data in parallel. PAST has many user-specified options for maximum customization. PAST produces the same results as the previously developed method. Conclusions In order to promote a powerful new method of pathway analysis that interprets GWAS data to find biological mechanisms associated with traits of interest, we developed a more accessible and user friendly tool. This tool is more efficient and requires less knowledge of programming languages to use than previous methods. Moreover, it produces similar results in significantly less time. These attributes make PAST accessible to researchers interested in associating metabolic pathways with GWAS datasets to better understand the genetic architecture and mechanisms affecting phenotype.


1. In the maturation of the eggs of parasitic copepods the behavior of the chromosomes in regard to the question of reduction is very similar to the same process in the free living copepods, yet I differ from Haecker as to the reducing division, considering the first maturation division most probably to be the reducing division.2. In the spermatogenesis only a small proportion of the spermatids become spermatozoa. Many spermatids degenerate, others become metamorphosed into peculiar nutritive cells. The protoplasm of the nutritive cells degenerates leaving only a sphere of deutoplasm "Austreibekorperchen," which C. Heider ('79) thought was a glandular secretion.


A new assemblage of digital technologies, organized around compressed software formats and broadband Internet infrastructures, is reconfiguring the motion picture industry. In this paper, I review the impacts of digitization upon the spatial economy of film in the United States via a commodity chain framework. The discussion raises some important themes for conceptual debate in economic geography.


Anatalizumab drug holiday is not a viable strategy for reducing risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), according to two new studies in the September Annals of Neurology, which revealed that many patients experienced significant clinical relapse within six months of stopping treatment. The initial idea for a drug holiday came from a phase 2 study of natalizumab, according to the lead author of one of the studies, Timothy West, MD, a clinical instructor in the Neurology Department at the University of California-San Francisco, and a Fellow at the Multiple Sclerosis Center there. In the phase 2 study, it was shown that natalizumab's saturation of its target, the alpha-4 integrin, wanes after several months off therapy. The question, he said, is whether giving patients a break for three to six months is sufficient to allow the immune system to come back on line and shut down the JC virus, the cause of PML, "after which we would then put the patient back on for another year, and then repeat." "But," said the lead author of the sec®


Al2O3 hybrid materials dispersed with Ni nano-particles (Ni/Al2O3) have received great attentions for their excellent mechanical strength and fracture toughness. However, these hybrid materials still have poor fracture toughness in comparison with metallic materials. In the ceramic-based materials, even a small surface crack causes catastrophic failure by a low impact load. Ni/Al2O3 have crack-healing function via thermal oxidation as well as SiC-dispersed oxide composites. Recovery of mechanical strength in Ni/Al2O3 was caused by filling cracks with the oxidation product, NiAl2O4. NiAl2O4 filled in the cracks is developed by the direct oxidation of surface nano-Ni particles and diffusion of Ni ions reacted with surface Al2O3. In order to understand the filling of surface cracks on these hybrid materials, the role of outward diffusion of Ni ions should be investigated. In the present study, recovery mechanism of mechanical strength was investigated on Ni/Al2O3 in the point of view on high-temperature oxidation kinetics, in particular, on cation diffusion in the polycrystalline Al2O3 matrix.


Regulation is an important part of government activity. Distinguishing between the intensity of regulation , and the range of regulation, it is possible to show that a utility maximizing government has an incentive to overregulate both in the short and long run, but that there are definite limits to regulatory intensity. Models of the limits of regulation and of the limits of taxation are special cases of a more general model in which government simultaneously uses the intensity of regulation and tax rates as instruments. In this case, it is possible that there is overregulation but no overtaxation.


(1) The influences of subculture media on the survival times of spores were studied. The, spores of Bacillus natto were suspended in neutral phosphate buffer and heated at. 100°C, and. then subcultured by various media. The yeast-extract broth (10% bakers' yeast extracted cted by nutrient both, adjusted to pH 7.0). liver-extract broth (10% pork-liver extracted by nutrient broth), and glucose-broth (1% glucose added to nutrient broth), showed survival time-twice as long as plain nutrient broth. The addition of reducing agents, cysteine and thioglycollate to nutrient broth, have shown no increasing effect on the survival time. (Table 1) (2) The effects of adding various carbohydrates and organic acids were examined. Fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, and soluble starch were found to have the increasing effect on the survival time of spores of Bacillus natto to the same extent as glucose, but other eight sugars, arabinose, xylose, lactose, trehalose, mannitol, glycerol glycogen, and Cori-ester have had no effects. The addition of pyruvate or alpha-glycerophosphate to nufttent broth also increased the, survival time, but the addition of organic acids such as lactic, acetic, and succinic had noeffects. It was found that in a synthetic medium(9), which is composed of eighteen amino acids, nine vitamins, four purine-pyrimidine bases, and salts, the vegetative cellls of Bac. natto grew well without the addition of glucose, whereas the spores could not grow without glucose (carbohydrates). And it was also found that the kind of carbohydrates which were effective in increasing the survival time of the spores of Bacillus natto was the same with that which served, as the energy source and which enabled the spores to grow in the synthetic medium. (see Table 3 and 5). The minimum effective, concentration of glucose in increasing the survival time of the spores was between 10-5M and 10-6M, and the same order of glucose concentration also has limited the growth of spores of the strain in the synthetic medium (see Table 4 and 5). (4) It should be noted that when subcultured by glucose broth, the survival time at each spore concentration was commonly about twice that of plain nutrient broth, throughout a wide range of spore concentration. The relation between spore concentration (N) and survival time (t) in the case of subculturing by glucose broth, can be expressed by the following general formula as reported in the previous paper(7). logN=a+blogt (5) The discussions on the mechanisms of spore survival time increasing activities of glucose were delivered.


Several readers working in nuclear reactor or related environmental laboratories have recently asked, if it was possible to save counting time on their gamma-ray detector systems by counting an airborne particulate (filter) sample and a gaseous iodine collection cartridge (charcoal or silver zeolite) together as a composite sample. Whereas this technique can be easily applied as a screening technique for qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis is more difficult. This article examines the possible advantages and limitation of gamma-ray counting these two different types of samples as a composite sample. Calibration procedures are also discussed.


Electro-mechanical device for measuring tilt angles in order to establish level base without optical reference is described. Angular displacement is detected by movement of bubble in conducting fluid containing electrode network. Electrical signal causes compensation for small movements in horizontal and vertical planes.


The advent of the statins, competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase and thus of cholesterol synthesis, has revolutionized the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease. The reduction in coronary heart disease events in dyslipidaemic subjects largely reflects the extent to which these drugs lower LDL cholesterol, although additional mechanisms have been proposed in normolipidaemic individuals. A meta-analysis of the five major statin trials showed an overall reduction in LDL cholesterol of 28%, which resulted in a 31% decrease in coronary heart disease events. The latter value is 10% less than expected from the decrease in LDL cholesterol that occurred, judging from the Proportional Hazards analysis of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT) where cholestyramine was used to lower LDL. This discrepancy may reflect differences in design and duration between the CPPT and statin trials but does not support the notion that statins reduce coronary heart disease events by actions ('pleiotropic effects') which are additional to their LDL-lowering properties. Hence any factors which adversely affect the latter would be expected to diminish the benefits of statin therapy in the prevention of coronary heart disease, at least in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.


Gladiolus italicus and G. illyricus are two wild species that grow in SE Spain, whose botanical characteristics, it was thought, may allow them to be used as ornamental plants. If this is so, two objectives could be achieved: first, an increase and diversification in the offer of ornamental plants of genus Gladiolus, which is mainly based on large flowered hybrids, and, secondly, the recovery and maintenance of the regional germplasm by means of massive propagation methods. This is very important in the case of G. italicus, a species regarded as "rare", since it could avoid the potential risk of its extinction. In order to adapt the above mentioned species to the ornamental industry, we cultivated them both in the open air and in an unheated greenhouse in an attempt to increase yield and flower quality, and also to improve marketing timing. The object of this work was to study the influence of the corm size of both species to determine their possible use as ornamental plants. The results show that G. italicus can be used as a cut flower, if large (8/9) and medium (6/7) corm sizes are used, while G. illyricus is suitable for use as a rockery plant, as a potted plant or as packaged cut flower in the ornamental industry if a 5/6 corm size is used.


A safety outlet installed in a wall is provided to shield a plug and a plug connecting part and prevent impurities from being flowed in terminal insertion holes by rotating a lever downward and mounting a plug connecting part in a receiving groove. A driving unit(400) comprises a motor(410), first and second circuit parts(420,430), a lever(440), and a plunger. A polarity of the motor is changed as a direct current motor to change a rotary direction of an output shaft(411). The first circuit part includes a first power source(421), a first switch(422), and a solenoid(423), and is serially connected with the motor. The first switch is serially connected with the first power source. The second circuit part includes a second power source(431) and a second switch(432). A polarity of the second power source is changed and opposed to the first power source when connected to the motor. The lever has a conductor so that the first or second switch is closed to control the electric flow between the first and second circuit parts. When the lever is moved upward, a rotary shaft is rotated to one direction to expose a plug connecting part to the outside. When the lever is moved downward, the motor is rotated reversely to mount the exposed plug connecting part in a received groove.


The goals of this study were to test the measurement invariance of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) across sex and to assess whether the same items on the SAVRY influenced practitioners' judgments about the risk for boys and girls separately. Using administrative data from 292 adjudicated juvenile offenders placed in state custody, we found that the internal structure of risk was invariant across sex. We also found both similarities and differences in the factors used to make judgments about risk across boys and girls. Our results provide support for the use of the SAVRY for boys and girls and supplement previous research examining the predictive validity of the SAVRY, the structured professional judgment framework for juvenile justice risk assessment, and the utility of the SAVRY across gender groups.


Two main goals of the test cavity program for the European XFEL are the qualification of alternative niobium vendors and the investigation of the capabilities of large grain niobium for large-scale nine-cell cavity production. About 25 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities of TESLA shape have been completed at Accel Instruments and DESY. Alternative vendors for high purity fine-grain niobium are ITEP Giredmet, Cabot, Ningxia and Plansee. The in-house fabricated cavities have been tested after 800C firing and final electropolishing (EP) treatment. All cavities exceed gradients of 35 MV/m at high Q-values. For the large grain cavities of high RRR Heraeus niobium gradients up to 41 MV/m have been achieved. The performance after final chemical etching (BCP) is compared to EP for several cavities.


This paper presents several biological and chemical microsensors developed based on micro and nano technologies for the applications of health care and environment monitoring, including micro amperometric biosensor, micro potentiometric immunosensor and micro gas sensor and so on. The electroactivities of the micro amperometric biosensor with three-dimensional microelectrodes was enhanced obviously with the help of the nano- and microstructures. By introducing nanoparticles with seed mediated growth method, the sensitivity of the micro potentiometric immunosensor for %HbA1c has been increased. A micro pellistor with nanoporous alumina catalyst carrier have been constructed for detecting combustible gas below the lower explosive limit, which shows advantages of low power comsumption, good thermal performance and easy fabrication.


Serial sections of a series of 20 human fetuses, ranging in age from 4+ weeks (6 mm C.R.) through full term (470 mm C.H.) were studied from the standpoint of progressive development changes in the the submandibular ganglion neuroblasts. The basic staining technique used was the silver nitrate method of Holmes, with luxol fast blue, toluidine blue, gallocyanin and H&E employed as alternate counterstains.


Gender discourse is constructed in the development of society and history, and defines the hierarchical relationship and rights relationship between the two genders. With the continuous development of the society, the gender discourse construction model has also undergone transformation, and it mainly changes from a single model led by the state to a multivariate model. Gender discourse also reflects the characteristics of localization. Keywords—gender discourse; model construction; feminist


Background: Information is differentially processed in the dorsal versus ventral hippocampus. Results: Expression levels of Kv4.2 and HCN1 varied and conferred distinct integrative properties to CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites in dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Conclusion: Molecular and physiological differences provide the basis for the specific properties of dorsal and ventral CA1 pyramidal cells. Significance: Channel expression and function enable specific processing roles. The dorsal and ventral regions of the hippocampus perform different functions. Whether the integrative properties of hippocampal cells reflect this heterogeneity is unknown. We focused on dendrites where most synaptic input integration takes place. We report enhanced backpropagation and theta resonance and decreased summation of synaptic inputs in ventral versus dorsal CA1 pyramidal cell distal dendrites. Transcriptional Kv4.2 down-regulation and post-transcriptional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic AMP-gated channel (HCN1/2) up-regulation may underlie these differences, respectively. Our results reveal differential dendritic integrative properties along the dorso-ventral axis, reflecting diverse computational needs.


It is widely believed that the brain uses predictive coding schemes to represent sensory inputs in an efficient manner. However, it is still debated how networks of spiking neurons can learn such coding schemes in an unsupervised fashion. Here we present a hierarchical spiking neural network architecture that learns an efficient encoding of visual input from an event-based vision sensor by combining excitatory and inhibitory spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The network develops receptive fields and exhibits surround suppression effects reminiscent of biological findings. We show that inhibitory STDP which aims to suppress predictable (and therefore redundant) spikes in neurons strongly reduces neural activity (and therefore energy costs) with only moderate reductions in coding fidelity.


Objective To study the characteristics of the bronchoscopy signs and the clinical features in male lung cancer patients.MethodsThe bronchoscopy data of 384 male lung cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe most common histopathology was squamous cell carcinoma(53.13%),followed by small cell carcinoma(30.73%),and adenocarcinoma(14.32%)and the others(1.83%).More cases of squamous cell carcinoma were examined in the old-aged group compared with the middle-aged group(χ2=4.0352,P0.05),but fewer cases of small cell carcinoma(χ2=7.7671,P0.01).The diseases were mainly located in the right lung and upper lobes.92.19% patients had direct signs.70.59% squamous cell carcino-ma had proliferative changes and 52.73% adenocarcinoma had infiltrative changes.There were more proliferative changes than infiltrative changes in small cell carcinoma.ConclusionsClinical features and bronchoscopy characteristics of male lung cancer patients have particularity,and knowing these points would be helpful to clinic.


Playing a game is a complex skill comprising a set of more basic skills. These skills commonly map onto the main mechanics of the game, and build and depend on each other in a nested learning hierarchy, which game designers have modeled as skill chains made of skill atoms. For players to optimally learn and enjoy a game, it should introduce skill atoms in the ideal sequence of this learning hierarchy. However, game designers typically construct and use hypothetical skill chains based solely on design intent, theory, or personal observation, rather than empirical observation of players. This risks creating incomplete or suboptimal progression designs. In response, this paper presents an adapted cognitive task analysis method for eliciting the empirical skill chain of a game. A case study illustrates and critically reflects the method. While effective in foregrounding overlooked low-level skills required by a game, its efficiency and generalizability remain to be proven.


Explores the problems of marketing a new material to raise main demand in traditionally stable markets, and examines nine companies in depth in the steel, aluminium and plastics industries. Concerns itself with this critical functional area of the initial market development of new industrial products. Uses only two companies, one in the aluminium and the other in the steel industries, in the study. Concludes that the strong influence of financial considerations in several aspects of market development seem likely to mean only low funds will be needed compared with research and capital investment costs.


This paper attempts to apply grammaticalization theories to analyzing the formation of Chinese discourse marker Nikan in terms of its meaning and structure. The result suggests that the meaning of Kan in Nikan becomes increasingly general during grammaticalization. Furthermore,Nikan is subjectivized and develops corresponding pragmatic functions related to the lexical meanings of Kan Such abstraction and subjectification accord with one mechanism of grammaticalization—pragmatic inference. However,the lexical meanings at different stages of grammaticalization coexist in the same synchronic level instead of fading away,which embodies semantic retention proposed in grammaticalization


We present new frequency-dependent measurements of both the magnitude and phase of the nonlinear response in superconducting thin films at microwave frequencies obtained using a large-signal network analyzer. Our measurements show that the nonlinear inductance dominates the nonlinear response in thin YBCO films at 76 K, and our analysis yields two current-density scales corresponding to the real and imaginary components of the nonlinear response. The current-density scale associated with the dominant inductive response likely results from intrinsic pair-breaking, while the current-density scale associated with the nonlinear resistive term is smaller than the expected value due to pair-breaking, and could originate from vortex motion or other extrinsic effects.


Abstract The kinetics of hydrogen diffusion in a steel bloom during cooling is studied by means of a computer simulation. If the cooling rate is sufficiently rapid, the equilibrium hydrogen pressure calculated from the hydrogen concentration via Sievert1s law will exhibit a peak within the bloom. The observed position of hydrogen cracking may occur near the position of this peak when the hydrogen pressure exceeds a critical value which depends upon the physical properties of the steel and the temperature. The simulation may be used to study the effect of varying bloom size, air temperature, cooling rate, etc. upon the kinetics of the process and upon the on-set of hydrogen cracking. Bloom banking techniques can also be simulated. Resume Une simulation assistee par ordinateur est utilisee pour etudier la cinetique de la diffusion de l'hydrogene dans une bloom d'acier lors du refroidissement. Si le refroidissement est suffisamment rapide, la pression d'hydrogene a l'equilibre calculee a partir de la Loi de ...


Novel amphiphilic, thermo- and pH-re- sponsive polyaspartamides showing both double-respon- sive (pH and temperature) behavior and a sol-gel transition were prepared and characterized. The polyas- partamide derivatives were synthesized by the successive aminolysis reactions of polysuccinimide using both hydro- phobic N-alkylamine (laurylamine, octylamine, hexyl- amine) and hydrophilic N-isopropylethylenediamine. The composition of each component was analyzed by 1 H NMR. At the intermediate composition range, the system showed a lower critical solution temperature behavior in water. The transition temperature (pH dependent) could be modulated by changing the alkyl chain length and graft composition. The temperature dependence of the nanoparticle size distribution of the polyaspartamide derivatives was also examined. The critical micelle con- centration of the copolymers in a phosphate-buffered sa- line (pH 7.4) solution ranged from 6 to 20 lg/L. In addition, physical gelation, i.e., a sol-gel transition, was observed in a concentrated solution. These novel double- responsive and injectable hydrogels have potential bio- medical applications such as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. V C 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 998-1004, 2009


The availability of coarse-resolution cost-effective Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSA) allows its widespread deployment in operators' networks. In this paper, several machine learning approaches for failure identification and localization that take advantage of OSAs are presented.


This study investigates marketing three phenomena. First authors examine student's approaches to studying and learning, then they explore their conceptions of learning, and they finally delve into teacher's perceptions of student's learning. Authors recast the conceptions of learning literature in which they classify simplifiers, accountants, utilitarians, curious, philosophers, and finally intellectuals. Results indicate that the categorization of student's conceptions and approaches to learning appears to be internally consistent. Authors additionally propose a conceptual model according to the results of their qualitative research indicating the relationship between students' conceptions of learning and their approaches to studying.


Social casework - a 60-year perspective, 1920-1979, Katherine A. Kendall social casework - a 10-year perspective, 1980-1989, Florence B. Schwartz and Judith Segal subject index author index title index book review index.


Transfer reactions have always been of great importance for nuclear structure and reaction mechanism studies. So far, in multinucleon transfer studies, proton pickup channels have been completely identified in atomic and mass numbers at energies close to the Coulomb barrier only in few cases. We measured the multinucleon transfer reactions in the 40Ar+208Pb system near the Coulomb barrier, by employing the PRISMA magnetic spectrometer. By using the most neutron-rich stable 40Ar beam we could populate, besidesneutron pickup and proton stripping channels, also neutron stripping and proton pickup channels. Comparison ofcross sections between different systems with the 208Pb target and with projectiles going from neutron-poor to neutron-rich nuclei, as well as between the data and GRAZING calculations, was carried out.Finally, recent results concerning the measurement of the excitation function from the Coulomb barrier to far below for the 92Mo+54Fe system, where both proton stripping and pickup channels were populated with similar strength, will be discussed.


The present study was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons in the year 2010–11 and 2011–12 under on farm trial at farmers field in red soils of Jhansi district in Bundelkhand Zone of Uttar Pradesh by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bharari, Jhansi, C.S.A. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur to assess the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management module on wheat yield. The results revealed that the application of NPK @ 120:60:40 kg/ha with seed treatment of Azotobactor @ 200 gm−1 kg seed and PSB @ 2.5 kg −1 mix with 60 kg FYM applied in the soil before sowing (T3) improved the grain yield of wheat by 29.3% followed by 18.1% in application of NPK @ 120:60:40 kg ha1 with seed treatment of Azotobactor @ 200 gm−1 10 kg seed (T2) over Farmers practice (T1 control). The highest net return of Rs. 50390 ha−1 was found in T3 followed by Rs. 43650 in T2 and lowest of Rs. 32865 in T1. The Benefit: Cost ratio was recorded the highest (3.30) in treatment T3 and 2.96 in treatment T2, respectively.


Introduction: Internet dependence is a topic of interest that has been discussed as a behavior-based addiction in recent years and has become a growing issue in the information technology era. This addiction has caused many problems for college students. In this regard, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and social skills of students of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The sample included 354 medical students who were selected through applying stratified random sampling method and were tested using two questionnaires of Internet Addiction and Social Skills. Data were analyzed applying the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The findings indicated that there were significant positive relationships between Internet dependence and social skills. Internet dependence has a reversed relation with initiation and termination, assertiveness, social reinforcement, empathy, and cooperation. Increasing Internet dependence, these skills weakened. However, no significant correlation was found between Internet dependence and orientation skills. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis showed that these five variables predicted about 66% of the criterion variable (internet dependence). Conclusion: Since Internet addiction can falter students' social skills and has strong negative effects on interpersonal communication and social interaction, it is essential to make efforts to give students' use of the Internet a specific direction to avoid its probable adverse effects.


The preparation and characterization of a series of dyads containing ferrocene donor and naphthalimide acceptor units, separated by aromatic spacer groups, are reported. The compounds contain a ferrocene-ethenyl spacer component linked to the 4-position of a naphthalimide by an ethynyl bridge, Fc−CH═CH−spacer−C≡C−naphthalimide (Fc = ferrocenyl), where the spacers are 1,4-phenyl, 4,4′-biphenyl, and 9,10-anthryl. Precursors to the dyad systems, halo-spacer−C≡C−naphthalimide, are also characterized where the halo-spacers are 1-bromophenyl, 4-bromobiphenyl, and 9-iodoanthryl. Various synthetic strategies are examined, with attachment of the spacer to 4-ethynylnaphthalimide followed by reaction with ethenylferrocene proving the most effective route. Crystal structures of the donor−spacer−acceptor (D−S−A) compound (E)-1-ethenylferrocenyl-4-(4-ethynyl-N-methyl-1,8-naphthalimide)benzene (7) and the precursor compounds (E)-4-bromo-4′-(ethenylferrocenyl)biphenyl (2) and 4-ethynyl-4′-(4-ethynyl-N-methyl-1,8-naphthal...


Abstract The effectiveness of predators in suppressing prey populations is known to be influenced by the predator-prey release ratio. The efficacy of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) against Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergand) in the presence or absence of Tetranychus urticae Koch and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot on rose plants was evaluated in the present study. The decrease of F. occidentalis populations was compared at the six predator:prey ratios of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, and 1:100 in the laboratory, and at the three release rates of 20, 40, and 100 predators per m2 in microcosm conditions. The plants without predators were considered as controls. All treatments with the release of N. cucumeris resulted in a significant decrease in F. occidentalis larval population compared to the control. The most suppression (84.5%) of F. occidentalis larvae was observed in the release rate of 100 adults of N. cucumeris per m2 in 30 days after the release of the predator. Predator ratios of 1:2 and 1:5 of N. cucumeris: F. occidentalis resulted in a 94.6 and 93.4% decrease in F. occidentalis larvae after 24 hours, respectively. The presence of T. urticae (as a competitor herbivore) and P. persimilis had no effect on the efficiency of N. cucumeris in the suppression of F. occidentalis. The dense webs of T. urticae decreased the efficiency of N. cucumeris at predator:prey ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 more than1:2. This study showed that the release of 100 adults of N. cucumeris per m2 would be sufficient to control F. occidentalis larvae on rose plants. Moreover, we demonstrated that higher release rates of N.cucumeris are needed when T. urticae's dense webs are present.


In June 2006, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) agreed to create a joint committee. Its goal: make recommendations about changes in accounting for private companies. What are the differing positions of the AICPA and the FASB about establishing these new standards? © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract Glottalized consonants are known to be a strong areal feature of Southeast Asia/south China. In this paper, adopting a definition of glottalized consonants in the strict sense as unit phonemes, not clusters, and incorporating both synchronic and diachronic data that have become available since the classic articles by Haudricourt and Henderson, I find that: 1. Glottalized consonants are a strong genetic feature of Kadai, Miao-Yao and Mon-Khmer, but not Sino-Tibetan.


The rheological properties of acid and heat-induced gels (pH 5.5) made from concentrated skim milk (20% milk solids non-fat, MSNF) reconstituted from high-heat milk powders were examined. Their properties were compared to those of acid and heat-induced gels of recombined concentrated milks with 24% total solids, TS (19% MSNF; 5% fat), 28% TS (18% MSNF; 10% fat), 32% TS (17% MSNF; 15% fat) or 36% TS (16% MSNF; 20% fat), all of which have the same MSNF:water ratio as that of 20% MSNF reconstituted milk. The addition of fat increased the maximum peak stress of the gels. The complex modulus (G*), elastic modulus (G') and viscous modulus (G) increased with fat content of the milks. Gels became more elastic in character with increasing fat content. Milks to which glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) was added just prior to heating were slower to gel than those which had been pre-acidified to pH 5.5 with an equivalent amount of GDL prior to heating. Fat content and stage of addition of GDL affected the rheological characteristics of acid and heat-induced milk gels.


Literature is artistic works taking language as media.The language is the only media to shape artistic image,reflect social life and express feelings.Image beauty,emotion beauty,filmy beauty and music beauty which constitute main aesthetic characteristics of a literary language are determined by the basic characteristics of literature.


Purpose – Lack of a consistent standardized housing pricing system in Iran has led housing valuation to become solely dependent on appraisers' opinions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some behavioral aspects of real estate decision makers, i.e. buyers and appraisers.Design/methodology/approach – First, and based on a content analysis of the valuation literature, a preliminary housing valuation model is proposed. This model is then contextualized and tested on two separate samples of 23 appraisers and 145 buyers, using interviewing technique and self‐administered questionnaires.Findings – This study shows that buyers and appraisers may have different views about property valuation and that the appraisal process of residential housing in Iran contains substantial inconsistency with respect to buyers' needs. In addition, it was found that financial status is a significant factor affecting buyers' attitude toward housing valuation.Research limitations/implications – The findings may shed greater ...


A study was conducted to evaluate the quality ofJatropha clircas seeds collected from two
different accessions in Sarawak. A significant seed source variation was observed in seed
morphology (colour, size and weight), seed viability, germination, moisture content, seeds
storability, priming treatments, accelerated ageing, seed oil percentage and early growth
performance of seed lin;) The seeds from Bintulu, Samarahan and control were dehydrated
in silica gel for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours then stored in six different environments for
the basic seed storage; ambient room (28-30 0q, air-conditioned room (22-24 0q,
refrigerator (3-5 0q, incubator (35- 40 0q, freezer (0-4 0q and liquid nitrogen (-196 0q
for 4 months. Three types 0 f priming treatment used were the hydro priming, 0 smopriming
and thermopriming. The average fresh weights of 10 seeds were 8.02 g, 5.94 g 7.55 g
respectively, for Bintulu, Samarahan and Control seeds. Oil content was 36.75% in Bintulu,
30.37% in Samarahan and 35.49% in Control. Preliminary evaluation conducted indicated
that moisture content was 18.92% for Bintulu, for 13.91% Samarahan and 17.07% for
Control. Germination was 74.88, 50.10, and 70.5% for Bintulu, Samarahan and Control
respectively. Viability for Bintulu, Samarahan and Control seeds were 80, 60 and 82%
respectively. The dehydrated seeds at 48 hours were found successful after storing at all
types of environment. The highest germination and viability percentage was obtained with
seeds stored in liquid nitrogen. Seeds of J. clircas in liquid nitrogen can be stored for 163,
159, 177 days for Bintulu, Samarahan and control seeds respectively. The germination and
viability percentages of J. curcas seeds from Bintulu were highest when the seeds were
thermoprimed in water at 40°C as compared to other priming treatments. At 24 hour ageing
the germination percentage was the highest for both accessions. Photosynthesis rates (A),
stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and Chlorophyll content in Bintulu plant higher than its water stress counterpart. The seeds from Bintulu responded better
germination, viability, moisture content and also with greater seed weight and size as
compared to the seeds from other accessions. Overall, the seeds from Bintulu are better in
its seed quality, morphologically and physiologically as compared to other accessions. The
positive effect has been very favorable in terms of its quality due to the plant's potential to
produce biofuel.


Understanding the earthquake rupture process is the central-point in our understanding of fault systems and rapid magnitude determination. For example in an earthquake early warning system it is essential to be able quickly to determine the size and location of an earthquake. There are a number of procedures for rapid analysis of the magnitude of large earthquakes using seismic P wave portion of seismic waveforms at teleseismic distances. Because these procedures use only the P-wave portion of a seismogram thus the estimate of an event size is potentially available only a few minutes after the P waveform has been recorded at teleseismic distances, that is, in as little as 10–15 min after origin time (OT) at 30° great circle distance (GCD) and about 20 min after OT at 90° GCD. We introduce a rapid and robust, energy-duration procedure, based on the Haskell, extended source model, to obtain an earthquake moment and a moment magnitude, MED. Using seismograms at teleseismic distances (30°–90°), this procedure combines radiated seismic energy measures on the P to S interval of broadband signals and source duration measures on high frequency, P-wave signals. The MED energy-duration magnitude is scaled to correspond to the Global CentroidMoment Tensor (CMT) moment-magnitude, Mw, and can be calculated within about 20 min or less after origin time. In this study we present the application of the energy-duration methodology to a number of recent, large earthquakes (including 2007/09/12, Southern Sumatera earthquake, Mw 8.5 and 2004/12/2, Sumatra-Andaman mega-thrust earthquake, Mw 9.0) using only SNSN (Swedish National Seismic Network) data.


Islamic banking & Finance and conventional banking are described as having the "same purpose but the essence and operations of Islamic banking are in accordance with Shariah law and have same "basic objectives" as other business and financial entities, i.e. "maximization of shareholder wealth". The speedy development of an Islamic banking system may improve financial insertion by providing an alternative to faith sensitive Muslims who are willingly excluded themselves from the system of conventional finance due to the nature of interest based. In Pakistan, the Islamic banking system eroding the growth of conventional banking so it's worthy to explore the effect of religious belief the occurrence of a financial exclusion. The target population is from FATA and PATA maintain accounts at Islamic banks and conventional banks and a sample size of one hundred and fifty customers were picked up. The methodology focuses on the KAP Model (knowledge, attitude, practices), which indicates if attitude influences the association among "knowledge and practice" of an "Islamic banking". Looking into KAP Analysis survey, through study result we find out that knowledge about Islamic banking and practices of Islamic banking are closely related. People having information about Islamic Banking and Products are more inclined towards Islamic Banking and people who don't have much information are less interested in Islamic banking and Islamic products. KAP survey suggested that customers of conventional and Islamic banks are driven by the same motivating factors that have impact on their attitude. However, there have some likable factors that could be valued by "Islamic bank account holders only such as "variety of products & services, reliability, confidence in bank's management, reputation and most important compliance with the Shariah rules in finance & investment.". Low-cost services are some factors result in non-Muslims prefer Islamic Banking over the conventional banking.


A CdS/SnS nanocomposite was prepared using a simple hydrothermal method and used as a sensitive material for the detection of carbon disulfide (CS2) based on cataluminescence (CTL). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the CdS/SnS nanocomposite sensor has a high sensitivity to CS2 at a relatively low operating temperature (162 °C); the response time is about 3 s, and the recovery time is about 16 s. The modification of CdS effectively enhances the sensitivity of SnS sensors. The CTL intensity shows a good linear relationship at gas concentrations ranging from 6.75 to 168.75 ppm (R2 = 09974), and the limit of detection (LOD) of CS2 reached 0.96 ppm. In addition, the CdS/SnS sensor has excellent selectivity and good stability towards CS2. The mechanism of the sensor is discussed in detail. This research shows that CdS/SnS has great potential for the detection of CS2.


This thesis takes the theoretical lens of Discursive Institutionalism (DI) to explore and explain the construction of non-profit collaboration in the UK. It is underpinned by an original discursive approach that renders the abstract concept of DI empirically applicable through the creation of a methodological framework. By taking a national or macro level perspective, the framework is subsequently used to explore two interrelated strands of inquiry; the temporal construction of non-profit collaboration in policy documents and the responding construction of collaboration in non-profit representative organisations (NPROs) documents. The DI framework is incorporated into a discursive methodology centred around a granular and recursive interrogation of 35 policy documents and 12 non-profit representatives' documents, collectively totalling 2294 pages. The findings explore how collaboration as a construct is set out in policy and demarcate the evolving construction of collaboration revealing how the concept of NPO collaboration is catalysed (1997- 2001), elevated (2001-2005), embedded (2005 - 2010), cast as empowered (2010 - 2015) and entrenched (2015 - 2019). The research creates temporal breadth, extending the linear representation prevalent in literature through detailed and nuanced explanation of what policy ideas do to frame the nature of NPO collaboration. The focus on NPROs adds a further dimension in explaining the construction of collaboration. Overlooked in extant literature, the thesis exposes their unique characteristics revealing how they persuade, challenge or make assumptions related to the nature and purpose of NPO collaboration. Collectively, the findings make three original, interrelated contributions to knowledge. The first, the creation of the framework that extends DI theory, through the inception of a practical tool, crafted as part of a discursive methodology. This fills a gap in literature by providing a strong empirical example. Secondly, the application of the framework exhibits the overlapping ideas that construct collaboration in policy documents between 1997-2019. This illuminates the subtle ways in which it becomes an entrenched and expected way of organising in NPOs. Thirdly, the study provides a rare example of the distinct ways that NPROs construct collaboration in their documents. This sits in contrast ii to the notion of NPROs as compliant and supportive of policy agendas of collaboration. Combined, these insights demonstrate the dynamic multifaceted ideas that construct NPO collaboration. These findings are important in light of the central function that NPOs play in delivering welfare services. Collaboration matters as NPOs collectively respond to challenging and entrenched societal problems. Given this argument, the thesis is relevant to policy makers, NPOs, NPROs and scholars interested in the construction of organisational phenomena.


Today the term botnet is used to describe army of computers that are under the control of malicious conquering party. Botnets have been identified as the one of the most serious threats to network security. This is because there are increased cybercriminals coming up as there are lots of opportunities and advantages to them financially mainly. Bot attacks happen without the knowledge of the user and because of this it's a serious threat as it leads to many disadvantages to the user such as loss increased internet charge, private information being compromised, decrease in internet speed. This paper discusses the way in which botnet attacks can be detected by using filtering and monitoring. Keywords— Botnets, P2P, hackers, cybercriminals, DDoS


This paper researches an alternative on Affective Computing area towards of how to extract the human personality in an implicit and non-intrusive way. The human personality is important in order to improve the computational decision making during the personalization process on the World Wide Web (by means of information, products or services). In addition, it presents the preliminary results of an experiment that shows the correlation between Personality-based tools in


Introduction Chronology Chapter 1: The Consolidation of Slavery in the Mainland Colonies, 1619-1720 Chapter 2: The Transatlantic Slave Trade Chapter 3: Worlds of Work Chapter 4: Family Lives Chapter 5: Religious Lives Chapter 6: Resistance and Rebellion Chapter 7: Critiques and Defenses of Slavery Documents Bibliographic Essay


This paper presents a study on the behavior of ferrocement slabs under punching shear. The results of 17 square simply supported slabs are presented. The effects of the following parameters ; reinforcement content, slab thickness, mortar compressive strength, size and shape of the loading area and the inclusion of column stubs on cracking characteristics, load-deflection relationship and punching shear strength were examined. The results indicated that the punching shear strength of ferrocement slabs increases as the total steel ratio is increased up to a certain limit after which the strength decreases with further increase in the total steel ratio. The results also indicated that the punching shear strength increases as the slab thickness is increased and as the mortar compressive strength is increased. increasing the dimension of the loaded area resulted in a decrease in the punching shear strength. The inclusion of column stubs seemed to have negligible effect on the punching shear strength of the slabs. A shape and a location for the critical punching shear perimeter are proposed. Also an empirical equation is proposed to predict the punching shear strength of the tested slabs. The above mentioned equation is compared with the test results available in the literature. Good agreement is found between the observed and the predicted values.


Surveying and mapping specialty of higher occupation technique education is a very practical specialty, the effect of practical teaching is the key to enhance the quality of training professional talents. This paper focuses how to strengthen the construction of surveying and mapping specialty training base on today's occupation education field, construct productive training base, improve the quality and effect of training base, strengthen the comprehensive surveying and mapping technology and level of strengthen graduates, so as to better serve the teaching work of higher vocational surveying and mapping specialty.


It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 3rd ACM Workshop on Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Challenges for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing - AUPC'09 hosted by the International ACM Conference on Pervasive Services -- ICPS 2009, to be held on July 13-17, 2009 at Imperial College, London, UK. The mission of this workshop is to present contributions on ubiquitous and pervasive computing issues and to identify new directions for future research and development. It gives researchers and practitioners the opportunity to share their ideas and perspectives with others interested in the various aspects of ubiquitous and pervasive Computing.

The final workshop program offers a wide range view of research issues dealing with ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, agent-based systems, middleware, and service discovery systems. A total of 11 papers were submitted, from which 6 papers have been accepted. Each paper has been reviewed by 2 to 3 reviewers.


Low-Rate DoS (LDoS) attacks degrade the quality of service with less traffic than ordinary DoS attacks. LDoS attacks can easily evade conventional counter-DoS detection mechanisms because their time-averaged flow is small. Thus, LDoS attack is getting a serious problem nowadays. With the recent spread of IoT devices, Zigbee, one of the IoT communication standards, attracts much attention. Zigbee is a low-power wireless communication protocol at the sacrifice of its transfer range and bandwidth. Since Zigbee consumes low power, it is widely adopted for inexpensive small sensors and IoT that run on batteries. The advantage of the low power consumption of Zigbee is due to its use of indirect transmission. However, we newly found that vulnerability to LDoS attacks existed in the indirect transmission. In this study, we first point out this vulnerability and describe new LDoS attack scenarios exploiting it. Next, we propose simple countermeasures against them which require low computational cost. Then, simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact of the attacks and the effectiveness of the proposed countermeasures. The experimental results show that the new LDoS attacks can decrease the normal packet arrival rate to 0% by adjusting the timing of attacks. It is also revealed that our proposed countermeasures successfully prevent such cases and improve the minimum arrival rate to 80% at best.


This disclosure describes techniques to generate a stream of content related to the interests of users in a social media platform. The social media platform is private, e.g., restricted to a private domain, e.g., within a company or organization. The content includes social networking posts that are automatically generated from public sources, such as web URLs. A bot is deployed to scan web URLs periodically to identify recent content that is relevant and likely of interest to users within the domain. A social media post, e.g., including an automatically generated summary and/or an image is generated. Users within the private domain can communicate and share commentary on the social media post. This enables users within a domain to discover content of interest and to have a secure forum for discussion.


According to a new theory advanced by Nyman (1999, 2003), an important access motivation underlies the demand for health insurance. However, little empirical research has attempted to quantify and explain changes in the access value of health insurance. By assuming the demand for health insurance is derived from the demand for good health, this article shows mathematically that the marginal access value of private health insurance can be reasonably indexed by dividing the price of health insurance by a composite measure of medical prices. For the period from 1960 through 2002, national data for the United States suggests that the marginal access value of private health insurance has tended to increase over time. Based upon multiple regression analysis, marginal access value is shown to have increased over time in response to rising income, more generous benefit coverage, new medical technologies, and, in recent years, the backlash against health maintenance organizations (HMOs). In addition, expansions in the Medicaid program are shown to have slowed the growth of the marginal access value of private health insurance.


In order to study the thermal effect of rectangular Nd:GGG heat capacity laser crystal,the semianalytical analysis of thermal conductive anisotropic material was introduced.Through the analysis of working characteristic of laser crystal, thermal model according to actual working state was established,thermal effect of a rectangular Nd:GGG crystal was investigated and the expressions of temperature field inside laser crystal in the pump stage and cooling stage were obtained.The effect of width and thickness of the crystal on temperature field was analyzed quantitatively.Results show that a maximum temperature rise of 169.1℃ is obtained in the center of the pump surface after LD-pumped for 4s with an output power of 8100W and a pulse frequency of 500Hz and a pulse width of 0.2ms.The maximum temperature rise decreases to 0.97% 120s later after the pumping stops.The results can offer theoretical basis for the optimization design of heat capacity lasers.


The problem of solving linear programs specified with approximate data is considered. Algorithms are given for linear programs having both general inequality and nonnegativity constraints and for linear programs having only general inequality constraints.
Given approximate data for the actual (unknown) instance, the algorithms use knowledge that the instance in question is primal feasible to reduce the data precision necessary to give an approximation to the solution set of the actual instance when the actual instance has an optimal solution. In some cases, problem instances that would otherwise require perfect precision to solve can now be solved with approximate data because of the knowledge of primal feasibility.
The algorithms are computationally efficient. Furthermore, the algorithms require not much more data accuracy than the minimum amount necessary to give an approximate solution of a desired accuracy when the actual instance has an optimal solution. This work aids in the development of a computational complexity theory that uses approximate data and knowledge.


Deficit irrigation is one of the most important methods of management of irrigation to save irrigation water without much damage to plants. Field experiment was conducted in 2010 to study the effect of irrigation deficit and method of irrigation on yield and yield components and water use efficiency of cotton in Orzouiyeh region of Kerman province of Iran. Treatments consisted of three levels of water requirement: 100, 80 and 60% as main factors and two systems of irrigation: surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation as sub factors. The study showed that under subsurface irrigation method treatment of 80% water requirement compared to treatment of 100% water requirement, there is increased water use efficiency by 4.9% with a saving of 1500 m 3 ha -1 water. However, 80% water treatment lead to decrease of 12% in yield, 11% in the number of bolls per plant and 2.5% in boll weight. The 60% water treatment saved 3200 m 3 ha -1 water (40% less consumption of water), but it resulted in a decrease of 38% in cotton yield, 37% in the number of bolls per plant and 24% in boll weight. In general use of 80% water deficit method in cotton cultivation using subsurface irrigation could help in saving of irrigation water and increasing water use efficiency under drought conditions prevailing in Orzouiyeh region of Kerman province of Iran.


The station of Shuifumiao hydropower in Hunan province was set up in the late of 50's in our province,which is an old hydropower station,whose equipment has run for a long time,and the technology is of backwardness.For this reason the station had carried out a series of upgrading of equipment.This paper mainly introduced the technological modification of the excitation system,and compared to the function and characteristics of the old and new excitation system.


This article investigates a tube model predictive control scheme ensuring robustness and constraints fulfillment for hypersonic vehicles with bounded external disturbances. The polytopic linear parameter varying model is established using tensor-product modeling method, and tube-model predictive control controller is designed to satisfy all vertices of the polytopic linear parameter varying model. Firstly, the nominal model predictive control law is constructed for the nominal system without disturbances. Secondly, tube invariant set strategy is introduced for the unknown bounded disturbances, and the local robust feedback control law is presented to restrain disturbances. The proposed tube-model predictive control method not only steers the nominal state to track a reference trajectory but also keeps the real states within a tube centered with the nominal trajectory. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for the hypersonic vehicle with bounded disturbances.


Paracetamol is a common agent taken in deliberate self‐poisoning and in accidental overdose in adults and children. Paracetamol poisoning is the commonest cause of severe acute liver injury. Since the publication of the previous guidelines in 2015, several studies have changed practice. A working group of experts in the area, with representation from all Poisons Information Centres of Australia and New Zealand, were brought together to produce an updated evidence‐based guidance.


In the title compound, [Cu2(C13H10NO2)2Cl2(C12H8N2)2], the coordination geometry around the CuII atom is square-pyramidal, comprising one O atom from a 2-anilinobenzoate ligand, two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two Cl− anions. In addition, there is a weak interaction of 2.700 (2) A between the CuII atom and the other O atom of the 2-anilinobenzoate ligand. The two Cl− anions bridge two CuII atoms to form a dimeric complex molecule, which lies on an inversion centre. There is an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond in the 2-anilinobenzoate ligand.


This article reports on a year-long study of high school students learning computer programming. The study examined three issues: 1) what is the impact of programming on particular mathematical and reasoning abilities?; 2) what cognitive skills or abilities best predict programming ability?; and 3) what do students actually understand about programming after two years of high school study? The results showed that even after two years of study, many students had only a rudimentary understanding of programming. Consequently, it was not surprising to also find that programming experience (as opposed to expertise) does not appear to transfer to other domains which share analogous formal properties. The article concludes that we need to more closely study the pedagogy of programming and how expertise can be better attained before we prematurely go looking for significant and wide reaching transfer effects from programming.


Debate originally published in French and Portuguese in the magazine Perspective, 2, 2013.
Electronic reference:
Luiz Marques, Roberto Conduru, Claudia Mattos et Monica Zielinsky, « Existe-t-il un art bresilien ? », Perspective [On line], 2 | 2013. Text in French available in: URL : http://perspective.revues.org/3879 | Original text in Portuguese available in: URL : http://perspective.revues.org/5543.


The author describes the most important phases of the victimization process. Afterwards, she focuses her attention on victim support centres whose aim is to help victims after traumatic event. Results of interviews with key informants who work in Victim support Centres in Bologna area are commented


ABSTRACT In 2014, the Ohio Library and Information Network (OhioLINK) overhauled its consortial cataloging workflows by switching to what has been termed a model of "cataloging from the center." For more than 20 years, the Ohio academic library consortium relied on volunteers from its member institutions to catalog consortially purchased materials. Consolidating the consortial cataloging into the OhioLINK office allowed for revising the various workflows. Since 2014, the cataloging workflows for these shared electronic resources have improved efficiencies, allowing records to be provided to members in a more timely manner.


This research explores the question of how students in a social studies methods course improve skills in analyzing and critiquing pre-existing lesson plans. It utilizes a pre-post authentic assessment tool to measure student growth in key skills of lesson plan critique over the course of one semester's methods instruction. The results support the finding that training preservice teachers in becoming critical consumers of online lesson plans and prepared materials is worthy of focus in methods courses. As teacher educators, we want to believe that our students are learning and profiting greatly from our teaching (Hawley, Crowe & Brooks, 2012); yet, documenting growth can prove evasive (Gerwin, 2014, Mitton Kukner & Murray Orr, 2015). This study was designed to document the impact of a methods course on the students' development as teachers specifically related to their ability to be critical consumers of existing lesson plans. Developing the use of online lesson plan banks as a resource for training future teachers is an increased necessity to meet the needs of beginning teachers in the digital age (Beyer & Davis, 2012; Greene, 2016; Son & Hu, 2014). Students frequently lack the expertise or the initiative to question what they read on the Internet, including prepared classroom materials (Son & Hu, 2014). Thereby, teacher educators need to create opportunities to train and assess students in developing a "critical stance" toward the prepared teaching materials, especially those most readily available online (Beyer & Davis, 2012; Greene, 2016).


GeoMDIS2000, Surfer, PGDB 1.0 and MAPGIS software have their own advantages on data processing and mapping of geophysics and geochemistry, which are often combined to use in production. The problem of colorwarehouse unification is found in data switching, which can be solved through modifying RGB (or CMYK) data of correspondent color label.


Results: Two hundred and forty-six cases were comprised of 135 (54.9%) Venoarterial (VA) cases, 66 (26.8%) Venoveno (VV) cases and 45 (18.3%) Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) cases. Seventy-six (56.3%) VA cases were successfully decannulated with 56 (41.5%) surviving to discharge. Fifty (75.8%) VV cases were successfully decannulated with 46 (69.7%) surviving to discharge. Sixteen (35.6%) ECPR cases were successfully decannulated with 10 (22.2%) surviving to discharge.


Flavonoids possessing a 4′-monohydroxylated B-ring are known to be widely distributed in plants of dietary importance. Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are found in a number of plants including fava beans, soybeans, lupin, kudzu and psoralea being the primary food sources, and even in coffee and medicinal plants, such as Flemingia vestita. Genistein has been studied for many decades now, due to its ability to bind the estrogen receptors and a large variety of other effects independent of its estrogenic activity. This Chapter will focus on the chemical structure of genistein and its biochemical interactions with estrogen receptors.


The incidence of metabolic syndrome in women was found to be higher than in men, owing to the preponderance of women to develop central obesity (increased waist circumference).7 Also, inflammation increases the degree of occurrence of metabolic syndrome, particularly in women, which, in turn, elevates the CV risk.8 Given that psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease, it poses a greater risk of CVD in women.9 This study5 showed higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in cases with psoriasis than in controls, which is in accordance with the research conducted by Regitz-Zagrosek et al.8,9 It has been concluded in a study done by Pietrzak et al10 that the relation of CVD and psoriasis in females intensifies with age. However, no such associations have been recorded in this study.5 It is demonstrated by this study5 that hsCRP, which is an important indicator of atherosclerosis, was raised in patients with psoriasis, in close agreement with the study carried out by Jindal et al.4 It was also stated by this study5 that CIMT, which is a salient tool for the measurement of subclinical atherosclerotic changes, was elevated among psoriasis cases than in controls which is, again, in conformity with Jindal et al.4 All the other determinants of CVD evaluated in this study5 had higher incidence in women with psoriasis than in women without psoriasis, which is in correspondence with Jindal et al.4 Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the female patients with psoriasis be orderly screened for the various CV risk factors for early detection and prevention of CVD.


How does one farming couple repair 370 ha of native forest severely infested with Lantana and affected by Bell Miner– Associated Dieback (BMAD)? After their use and improvement of 'splatter gun' technology to control Lantana, the once declining forests, with ailing trees, are now vigorously regenerating and most trees are recovering. This raises the question of whether Lantana presence may be a critical element in a complex process of ecosystem breakdown.


Detection of community structures in complex networks is a common challenge in the study of complex networks. Recently, various methods have been proposed to discover community structures at different scales. Here, the multiscale methods based on Potts spin model for community detection are described and compared in the analysis of community structures of several networks. We give a critical analysis of the multiscale methods, showing a kind of limitation that the methods may suffer from when the community size difference is very broad, the breakup of (large) communities will appear before the merger of (small) communities disappears. In particular, we give the explicit expressions for the critical points of the merger and breakup of communities and derive the sufficient conditions (in the form of upper limits) that indicate when the Potts model methods suffer from the limitation. We apply the theoretical results to model networks and show that the method using the configuration null model (i.e., a random...


The first book about children and smoking, looking at passive smoking, children who smoke and children growing up in a society where smoking is still advertised and condoned. The core of the book is a survey which details the extent to which children are exposed to smoke in their homes, on public transport and in public places. It includes many comments by children and the findings of much research from around the world about the prevalence of smoking, the pressures on children to smoke, the health risks and the roles played by advertising, the government and the tobacco industry. The author has also written "Write From the Start".


In this paper, the loading capacity of leg cross-section for K-type working derrick has been analyzed and two parameters of optimization of leg cross-section have been discussed. The paper is to define the structure coefficient and load coefficient, and to establish the relation between geometry and load capacity. A simple method is provided for the redesign of leg section of K-type derrick.


The aim of this article is to describe the developm ent of the system for an interactive Polish Sign Language learning presented in the prev ious work [11]. Due to the suggested system architecture some crucial problems have arisen. One concerns the object detection on low quality images from the web camera, the second the data storage. There is given explanation how to manage t he object detection problem as well as there is discussed the best data storage in the most common databases data format. Moreover, a new architecture which improve the e-learning possibilities is described.


In 2010 Colombia experienced an unexpected surge in acid attacks against women, and from 2010–2014, it had more acid attacks per capita than any other country in the world. No other form of violent crime in the country demonstrated such a spike. What explains this unusual variation in violence? I argue that this unique pattern of violence was made sensible by the 2005–2011 nation-building campaign Colombia Is Passion that redefined the enduring violence plaguing the country as men's misunderstood passion for beautiful women. By valorizing violence toward women and making women's membership in the nation contingent upon their beauty, the campaign created an affective economy under which acid attacks became both intelligible and effective in producing social death and national ostracization. In this paper, I have denaturalized violence against women and suggest that political scientists might do more to explain important variations of violence outside of armed conflict. Finally, I demonstrate the explanatory power of interpretive studies of political culture, national identity, and public emotion in structuring the meaning and patterns of violence.


The paper deals with certain key aspects of the procedure of establishing long-range genetic relationship between languages in the absence of a classic step-by-step reconstruction, such as:
1) the issue of establishing the randomness threshold for lexical matches on the Swadesh 100-item wordlist, depending on the particularities of the employed algorithm;
2) the issue of stability ranking in the spere of the basic lexicon;
3) the issue of multiple isolated roots that do not find any parallels in the other languages of the family.


Test-retest and item-analysis reliability studies were performed on a battery of perceptual-motor laterality tasks. It was found that 45 of 54 tasks were reliable and that the entire battery had a test-retest correlation of .84. It was suggested that intermodal tasks may be more appropriate than unimodal tasks for measuring perceptual-motor skills. Suggestions were made for future research, emphasizing the need for more intermodal tasks, as well as the need for further reliability studies with more diverse sample groups.


The dairy products sector in Greece is very important for the Greek economy because it is associated to the primary sector and also has a strong exportation orientation. The impact of the financial crisis was evident in the dairy industry also along with the other sectors of the economy. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the Cash Conversion Cycle as measure of liquidity, on the Z-scores of three selected fresh milk firms in Greece. We examine the market leader fresh milk company "DELTA", in comparison to a new (2011) innovative firm regarding its distribution channel "THESS GALA PIES", founded in Larissa, and to another similar sized and locality to the latter firm "TRIKKI" as representatives of the whole fresh milk/dairy products industry. On all three companies two Altman solvency prediction models are used: (a) the Altman Z?-score (1983) model revised for non – publicly traded firms, and (b) the Altman ???-score (2000) model for firms operating in emerging markets. The regression analysis of the effect of the Cash Conversion Cycle on the Z-scores of both models for all entities showed that the two aforementioned sets of data are highly associated but the hypothesis of a linear relationship between them was rejected.


Background and Purpose: Explicit form-focused instruction has significantly contributed to second language learners' explicit knowledge. However, the effect of explicit form-focus instruction (FFI) on second language learners' implicit knowledge of grammatical forms has been argued by scholars. This study examined the effectiveness of explicit FFI on implicit knowledge of ESL learners.

Methodology: This quasi-experimental research was conducted at a selected international school in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The collected data were analysed through the application of ANCOVA and Scheffe's test.

Findings: The findings showed that when explicit FFI was implemented in the form of metalinguistic information and metalinguistic explanation of the target form, the implicit knowledge of students would not increase. This suggested that the role of explicit FFI as the most effective and reliable tool to enhance implicit knowledge of learners should be doubted.

Contributions: The theoretical implication of this study indicates that explicit FFI does not contribute to development of the second language implicit knowledge. Pedagogically, this study's findings could be beneficial either for teachers looking for an effective method of teaching or for researchers to utilise it in their studies.
Keywords: Form-focused instruction (FFI), explicit FFI, implicit knowledge, explicit knowledge

Cite as:  Hojjat, M., & Hasim, Z. (2022). The effect of explicit form-focused instruction on the implicit knowledge of Malaysian English as second language learners. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 61-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp61-80


Ozone in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) is toxic to human beings and many species of plants, causing harm without visible symptoms. The Ozone We Breathe focuses chiefly on the ozone's effects on human respiratory health and and the productivity of agricultural crops.


Two Lyzimeter experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, for two seasons, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 Lyzimeters (100 x 70 x 90 cm) were filled with clayey soil and irrigated with three water treatments since twenty three years ago. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation water quality for long-term on productivity of four barely varieties (Giza123, 124, 126 and Giza129). Three irrigation water qualities; Nile water (W1), polluted drainage water (W3) and mixed water; W2 ( 50% W1 + 50% W3) used for irrigation to study its effects on barely contents from four heavy metals Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu and some soil characteristics. A split–plot design with four replicates was used where, water treatments and varieties were allocated to main and sub-plots, respectively. The obtained results showed that:  Using poor water quality for irrigation increased ECe, SAR, soluble cations and anions in soil paste extract and DTPA extractable heavy metals in soils (Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb) than that of mixed or good water quality.  Highly significant differences of yield and yield components among barely varities were found due to irrigation water treatments and its contents of heavy metals.  Straw heavy metals content were higher than that of grains.  The results showed that Giza 123 was more tolerant variety to drainage and mixed water and its lower or higher contents of Ni, Pb and Cu.  No significant differences were found among Cd content for all studied barley varieties.  The heavy metals content of barley varieties from can be arranged as follow: With Pb: v2< v3 < v1


Students of the French Revolution and of women's right are generally familiar with Olympe de Gouges's bold adaptation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. However, her Rights of Woman has usually been extracted from its literary context and studied without proper attention to the political consequences of 1791. In Between the Queen and the Cabby, John Cole provides the first full translation of de Gouges's Rights of Woman and the first systematic commentary on its declaration, its attempt to envision a non-marital partnership agreement, and its support for persons of colour. Cole compares and contrasts de Gouges's two texts, explaining how the original text was both her model and her foil. By adding a proposed marriage contract to her pamphlet, she sought to turn the ideas of the French Revolution into a concrete way of life for women. Further examination of her work as a playwright suggests that she supported equality not only for women but for slaves as well. Cole highlights the historical context of de Gouges's writing, going beyond the inherent sexism and misogyny of the time in exploring why her work did not receive the reaction or achieve the influential status she had hoped for.


For the purposes of this study, to prepare for emergencies on domestic demand inundation and the breaking of an river levee by extraordinary flood and local torrential rainfalls, producing a inundation damage prediction map through the analysis result of external demand inundation in inland and demand inundation data. This is in order to protect their lives and property through a rapid deal with residents of the damaged district. To calculate these aspects of flooding scope efficiently, in case of actual inundation Gangneung City Gangwon Province were studied to reflect the extent of damage by frequency using one-dimensional HEC-RAS model and tow-dimensional XP-SWMM. Based on the CAD and GIS, which is presented through this study or existing similar research, using Arcmap program that can be create frequency map. Further, in order to reflect the target area we are scanning the high-resolution satellite images in the flooded region with more enhanced the accuracy and emphasis on increasing the utilization of a more efficient flood damage prediction map to the downtown area.


The methodology developed by the authors refers to designing, calculating, and optimising transport nodes based on the original systemic approach as a main method. The use of the methodology will make it possible to design transport nodes more rationally and to evaluate their development projects more correctly.A «system» is understood as a general natural form of structuring organised substance, which enables it to function stably in a changeable environment. The basic principles are formulated as follows: the system consists of elements, each of which is also a system; active self-maintenance is developed in the system, that is, active actions are counteracting external adverse influences; it is shown that self-maintenance is provided by adaptability, and in transport systems the self-maintenance is particularly provided by adaptive technology.A contradiction (a dialectical one) arises: on the one hand, the elements are independent systems that have their own system parameters and mechanisms for their active maintenance, and on the other hand, they are subordinate creatures capable of flexibly changing their work to maintain the parameters of the supersystem. It is necessary to find harmony between the levels of development of these opposite properties. Transport nodes are also considered from these systemic positions. Exposition of several definitions of nodes by leading national scientists is followed by a statement showing that they all contradict the new systemic approach.Suggested system definition of a node describes it as a set of stations. The authors also propose a new classification of transport nodes, formulate criteria for their rational design depending on the classes, and propose correct design and optimisation principles.


The construction of the Beidou B3 satellite system, a new-generation global navigation satellite system, has been completed worldwide, however the respective implementation studies remain in the start-up stage. Accordingly, studies of passive Beidou B3I signal-based synthetic aperture radar (Beidou B3I-SAR) are very meaningful in terms of promoting the rapid development of the Beidou technique. This paper proposes methods for Beidou B3I SAR imaging of decimetre level range resolution. To separate aliased reflected B3I signals at range domain, we presented cascaded secondary order differentiation operator (Diff2) and cascaded Teager-Kaiser (TK) operator, applied them to the regions where exists range compressed pulses, respectively. Thereafter to eliminate the obvious side-lobes which brought by the proposed operators and with the values less than zero, zero thresholding scheme is employed. To obtain the final range compressed signals with decimetre range resolution, phase recovery component is performed to the respective zero thresholded pulses. To validate the proposed methods, both proof of concept simulation and the experiment with field Beidou B3I signal raw data are carried out for comparison. The results show that indeed main-lobe width of range compressed pulse can reach the level 0.4 m. This reveals that decimetre level range resolution can be achieved for Beidou B3I-SAR on the basis of proposed methods, in contrast to the current best result of meters level in passive GNSS-based SAR related studies. Meanwhile, in a comparison of the proposed methods on the basis of cascaded Diff2 operator and cascaded TK operator, the later is outer-performed, since the respective brought interference level in background region is less.


Based on the data from Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province in 1976--1988, the relationship between population dynamics of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens stal and temperature was studied. Simulation study indicated that temperature was one of the key factors affecting population development after immigration; the only temperature differents among years could cause 5 and 10--day discrepancies in peak time, and 1. 63 and 2. 25 times discrepancies in peak size, respectively to the fourth and fifth genera- tion; the effects of temperature in September on population growth was more important than that in Au- gust; while the mid- September was the key period for temperature effects. The results are consistent with the historical data in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Meanwhile, simulation analysis revealed that the effects of temper- ature on population dynamics were related to both characteristics of population development and season- al variance of temperature at a particular area, as well as biology of brown planthopper.


Educators are aware of the importance of good home and school relations in achieving the goals of education. PARENTS, TEACHERS, AND THE PRIMARY READING PROGRAM


A method for the determination of the amylose content in starch has been developed which is based on the colorimetric measurement of the iodine complexes formed with amylose and amylopectin. The method requires measurement at only one wavelength and avoids the use of harsh dispersants for the starch. Dimethyl sulphoxide is used as the dispersant and a wavelength of 600 nm can be used for measurement of the amylose content of starches from different botanical sources. A linear relationship was obtained between absorbance and amylose concentration for mixtures of amylose and amylopectin standards, and this forms the basis of the determination. The method is rapid, simple, accurate and does not require the use of multi-component analysis of spectra, since a wavelength is chosen that suits the particular starch being analysed. It can be adapted to a micro-scale method if necessary.


Following the January 2014 Golden Globes tribute to Woody Allen, Mia and Ronan Farrow accused the director of being a child molester on Twitter. As a result, the Farrows and their fans helped shift news of Allen's receipt of a lifetime achievement award to a story about an affective online discourse against the filmmaker. This essay argues that the rhetorical form of the Farrows' Twitter discourse and resulting news coverage helped shift a microblogging character assault into a macrocultural controversy. Through an analysis of the controversy, this study explains that the rhetoric of this online firestorm and subsequent news coverage was not based on the revelation of new information, but on the presentation of salacious allegations against Allen.


In sentencing research, significant negative coefficients on age research have been interpreted as evidence that actors in the criminal justice system discriminate against younger people. This interpretation is incomplete. Criminal sentencing laws generally specify punishment in terms of the number of past events in a defendant's criminal history. Doing so inadvertently makes age a meaningful variable because older people have had more time to accumulate criminal history events. Therefore, two people of different ages with the same criminal history are not in fact equal. This is true for pure retributivists, as the fact that the younger offender has been committing crimes at a higher rate of offending may make the younger offender more culpable, and is also true for those with some utilitarian aims for sentencing. Simulation results illustrate the stakes. To a certain extent, the interests of low-rate older offenders are opposed to those of high-rate younger offenders.


In order to achieve high capacity and reliable link quality in wireless communication, the significant efforts should be concentrated on mitigating interference between cells. To solve the interference problem, the newly introduced concept of a Distributed Wireless Communication System (DWCS) can provide the capability of joint control of the signals at multiple cells. This paper proposes a new concept of virtual cell: the Dual Virtual Cell (DVC), and also proposes DVC employment strategy based on DWCS network. The proposed system manages two kinds of virtual cell. One is the Active Virtual Cell which exists for user's actual data traffic and the other is the Candidate Virtual Cell which contains a set of candidate antennas to protect user's link quality from performance degradation or interruption. The proposed system constructs DVC by using antenna selection method. Also, for multi-user high-rate data transmission, the proposed system introduces multiple antenna technology to get a spatial and temporal diversity gam and exploits space-Time Trellis Codes known as STTC to increase a spectral efficiency.


We present novel protocol extensions for link management, routing and signalling of switched lightpaths in transparent ASONs. The implementation of the solutions in the CAPRICORN field trial architecture is presented.


Daylight is an important factor in the functional and aesthetic aspects of school-building design. Because of the broad scope of the topic, in this study we have limited our investigation to the influence of the shape of the classroom on the daylight levels and the visual comfort, as these factors have an important influence on the design of school buildings. We have also looked at ways of obtaining appropriate daylighting levels in multi-storeyed, corridor-based school buildings, the form that is most often used around the world. We have investigated the natural illumination levels in classrooms using computer models of classrooms (CMCs), which serve as a basis for determining whether the classroom meets the basic requirements for visual comfort. The efficiency analysis of the CMCs has allowed us to propose an optimal form for an actual classroom and school building which may influence the design of multi-storeyed, corridor-based school buildings in the future.


The most frequent form of professional development for teachers--occasional workshops conducted by outside consultants--is widely regarded as ineffective. This document presents findings of a study, conducted by the Indiana Education Policy Center School of Education Office, to examine professional development and its connection to teacher time. Findings indicate that states differ in their approaches to providing time for teachers' professional development. Effective professional development is school-based, uses coaching and other followup procedures, is collaborative, is embedded in teachers' daily lives, and focuses on student learning. Four factors of professional-development initiatives include leadership, resource and policy support. norms of collegiality and experimentation, and adequate time. Nine guidelines for defining the purpose, scheduling, allocation, and use of teacher time are outlined. OptioAs for a system of teacher professional-development time and the components of an ideal system are also described. The final chapter considers several aspects of state policy, including how basic policies might create a reservoir of teacher-development time at each school, how that time might be funded, how the system might be regulated, and how supporting resources might be provided. Four tables are included. The appendix summarizes state-level professional-development policies in Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Florida, Georgia, and Washington.


Introduction: Lung cancer is known the leading cause of death among cancers. Since in our country a comprehensive scientific information not available on the determinants of protective behavior of lung cancer among workers, this study, aimed to examine determinants of lung cancer protective behaviors among Esfahan Steel Company (ESCO) workers based on protection motivation theory. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 253 workers of the ESCO who were randomly selected. In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess determinants of lung cancer protective behaviors.. Collected data were analyzed by statistical tests of T-Test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient. Results: Of participants %54.2 have always did periodic medical examinations to ensure of their lungs health and 27.7% of participants used low-risk materials instead of hazardous materials. Among constructs of protection motivation theory, perceived severity had the highest mean score (41.33 ±5.83) and fear the lowest mean score (9.77 ± 2.49). The constructs of protection motivation theory predicted 22.6% of lung cancer protective behaviors variance. Conclusion: Regarding effectiveness of the protection motivation theory in Understanding determinants of lung cancer protective behaviors so the theory can be used as a framework for the design of educational programs to enhance workers' motivation to adopt lung cancer protective behaviors.


Objective:To explore the diagnosis of traumatic vertebral AVFs and the choice for the treatment.Methods:The authors analysed retrospectively intravascular trearment effect in four cases with traumatic vertedral AVFS.Results:All the cases were cured completely.Conclusion:Intravascular emboalization in the management of traumatic vertebral AVFS was very effective and safe, this method should be the first choice for the treament


Objective
To explore the clinical application and effect evaluation of early rehabilitation comprehensive nursing in patients with mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery.

Methods
A total of 112 patients who underwent tracheal intubation and ventilator assisted breathing after cardiac surgery in thoracic surgery department of Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from April 2017 to October 2018 were selected.The control group received routine nursing measures after cardiac surgery, and the experimental group received personalized comprehensive nursing plan for early rapid rehabilitation.The success rate of endotracheal intubation, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the total length of hospital stay, and the postoperative occurrence of endotracheal intubation were compared between the two groups.

Results
The probability of one-time weaning failure in the experimental group decreased from 14.30% to 3.70%, the patients' waking time and mechanical ventilation time were shortened by about 2 days, and the patients' hospitalization time was shortened by 5 days. The overall incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 3.57%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.70%), and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusions
Early rapid rehabilitation comprehensive nursing can shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, shorten the length of stay, increase the muscle strength of patients, effectively prevent acquired ICU weakness, and improve the prognosis of patients.

Key words:
Early rapid rehabilitation; Mechanical ventilation


Business communication courses teach written and oral communication skills with an emphasis on using technology. With a goal of meeting stakeholder needs, this study asks 221 South Texas employers and 212 faculty members of a regional university to rate employees' and students' communication skill competencies. The survey asked 12 questions—four about written competencies, five on verbal, and three on technology skills. Employers consistently rated employees higher than faculty rated students. The ratings offer implications for the business communication course: Employers and faculty are satisfied with technology skills, but basic grammar and punctuation need improvement.


In order to study the effects of different irrigation levels and ventilation levels on some indexs of tomato,including morphological indexes,photosynthetic indexes,yield,quality and water use efficiency,with Fushan No.1 as matierial,we did an eight-level irrigation and ventilation experiment in greenhouse.The conclusion is that there is significant effect of different irrigation levels and ventilation levels on some indexs of tomato,including morphological indexes,photosynthetic indexes,yield,quality and water use efficiency.Under T2 level,the yield and water use efficiency of tomato can reach a high level,being 7.28 kg/m2 and 0.68 mmol/mol respectively.Under T8,the sugar,sugar/acid,hardness and soluble protein are high,being 83.47 g,4.13%,13.61,3.77 and 0.28 μg/g respectively.The stem diameter is the maximum in T4,reaching 0.98 cm.The plant height is the maximum in T6,reaching 135.00 cm.Under the levels of T7 and T6,physiological indicators of tomato is high.T8 treatment can significantly increase the plant height and dry matter accumulation in shrub layer.At the same level of irrigation,oxygenated irrigation can significantly improve the quality,physiological and morphological indicators of tomato,but there is no significant effect on yield,water use efficiency and stem diameter.


The aim of the present investigation was to develop floating matrix tablets of stavudine to achieve prolong gastric residence time, leading to an increase in drug bioavailability and patient compliance. Floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K15M) as synthetic, pullulan gum as natural rate controlling polymers and optimum amounts of sodium-bicarbonate and citric acid as gas generating agents in suitable ratios to generate optimum buoyancy. Developed formulations were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro drug release, floating lag time and floating buoyancy. All the formulations exhibited acceptable physical properties and the best formulation (F3) was selected based on in vitro characteristics. Further, the optimized formulation was evaluated for in vivo radiographic studies by incorporating BaSO4 as radio opaque substance. All the formulations were studied for in vitro drug release characteristics for 16 h. Optimized formulation showed controlled and prolonged drug release profiles while floating over the dissolution medium. Diffusion followed by erosion drug release mechanism was observed for the formulation, indicating that water diffusion and polymer erosion played an essential role in drug release. In vivo radiographic studies revealed that the tablets remained in the stomach for 8 ± 0.5 h in fasting human volunteers and indicated that gastric retention time was increased by the floating principle, which was considered and desirable for absorption window drugs.


The invention relates to a CT scanner, a defocusing intensity measurement method of the CT scanner and a defocusing correction method of the CT scanner, and aims to provide an actual defocusing intensity measurement method and a defocusing correction method based on the actual defocusing intensity measurement method. The defocusing intensity measurement method includes the steps that a die body which can shield X-rays is placed in an aperture of a rack of the scanner; X-ray bulb tubes and a detector array of the scanner rotate around the rotating center of the rack of the scanner to execute rotating exposure scanning, and radiation intensity of the X-rays received by detectors can be accordingly weakened or enhanced due to the fact that the die body shields or retreats from the X-ray bulb tubes in every rotating circle; radiation intensity values are acquired from at least a part of the detectors at the preset sampling rate; eventually, defocusing intensity of the X-ray bulb tubes at the corresponding positions is calculated respectively according to the change of radiation intensity values of the detectors of adjacent sampling points when the die body gradually shields or retreats from the X-ray maximum radiation area of at least the part of the detectors, and then distribution of the defocusing intensity of the X-ray bulb tubes is acquired.