Abstract Background: Exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates is highly prevalent. Prior studies have not assessed associations between urinary levels of BPA and phthalate metabolites and body composition. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2006 on adults aged ≥20 were analyzed by linear regression for associations between urinary BPA, monoethyl phthalate, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and lean mass, fat mass, and percent body fat. Results: BPA and phthalate metabolites were not independently associated with fat mass or percent body fat. Significant inverse associations were observed with lean mass, with the strongest association observed for BPA in men (mean lean mass 1.39 kg lower for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, p trend = 0.02). Conclusions: BPA and some phthalates could have important, negative effects on muscle and may affect conditions related to deficits in lean mass, though additional research is needed.


Significant strides have been made in the development of precision therapeutics for cancer. Aberrantly expressed glycoproteins represent a potential avenue for therapeutic development. The MUC16/CA125 glycoprotein serves as a biomarker of disease and a driver of malignant transformation in epithelial ovarian cancer. Previously, we demonstrated a proof-of-principle approach to selectively targeting MUC16+ cells. In this report, we performed a synthetic lethal kinase screen using a human kinome RNAi library and identified key pathways preferentially targetable in MUC16+ cells using isogenic dual florescence ovarian cancer cell lines. Utilizing a separate approach, we performed high-content small-molecule screening of 6 different libraries of 356,982 compounds for MUC16/CA125 selective agents and identified lead candidates that showed preferential cytotoxicity in MUC16+ cells. Compounds with differential activity were selected and tested in various other ovarian cell lines or isogenic pairs to identify lead compounds for Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) selection. Lead siRNA and small molecule inhibitor candidates preferentially inhibited invasion of MUC16+ cells in vitro and in vivo and we show that this is due to decreased activation of MAP kinase, and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Taken together, we present a comprehensive screening approach to the development of a novel class of MUC16-selective targeted therapeutics and identify candidates suitable for further clinical development.


Because of the lack of interactivity in E-learning, the design ideas are proposed to build a 3D interactive virtual learning environment which is built based on OpenSim platform-an open source virtual reality platform in the paper. The architecture of OpenSim platform is introduced, the development process of a 3D interactive virtual learning environment is summarized based on OpenSim platform, and the key technology and implementation are discussed.


Considered to be one of the medical challenges of the coming decade, the success of gene therapy depends on the ability to deliver therapeutic DNA to target cells. Non-viral polymers, such as chitosan (Ch), a cationic polymer, can be easily combined with DNA. Once a complex is formed, DNA is protected from degradation by nucleases. The first objective of this study was to define the characteristics of the best-suited Ch nanoparticle for maximum selective transfection in human epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells in vitro. Nanoparticles varied by the presence or absence of folic acid (FA) and Ch's molecular weight (MW 5, 25 and 50 kDa). They were then selected and combined with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene, a natural blocker of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). The second objective was to inject these carriers by the hydrodynamic method in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of IL-1Ra against inflammation in vivo. Ch-DNA nanoparticles with FA and Ch25 demonstrated selective transfection and significantly increased it in KB cells in vitro. The inhibitory effects of IL-1Ra gene therapy in vivo were evident from lower expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β and prostaglandin E2) and decreased macroscopic limb inflammation. The results also revealed the presence of human recombinant IL-1Ra protein in rat sera. Non-viral gene therapy with Ch-PEG-FA-DNA nanoparticles containing the IL-1Ra gene appears to significantly decrease inflammation in this experimental model of arthritis.


Background: Kidneys are the major organs responsible for elimination of toxic metabolites from the body. Apart from this kidneys play a vital role in maintaining body fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, red blood cells production and vitamin D activation. Aim: To evaluate role of ghrelin in ameliorating nicotine induced kidney damage by estimating renal function test and serum antioxidant enzymes in BALB/c mice. Methodology: It was a Randomized Control Trial. Healthy male BALB/c mice (n=27) were taken from NIH Islamabad and sorted into 3 groups (nine each). Group I was labeled as control group and given intra-peritoneal normal saline for 29 days. Group II was labeled as nicotine group and received intra-peritoneal nicotine for 29 days. Group III was labeled as ghrelin + nicotine and received intra-peritoneal ghrelin on alternate days and nicotine daily for 29 days. On 30th day intra-cardiac sampling was done for estimation of renal function test and serum antioxidant enzyme levels. Data was evaluated by using SPSS version 23. One way ANOVA and post hoc tukey's test were applied. Results: In group II, nicotine administration led to decrease level of antioxidants enzymes and significant deterioration of renal function test in comparison with group I. In group III, administration of ghrelin along with nicotine prevented the fall in antioxidant enzymes and restored renal function test back to normal. Practical Implication: Ghrelin a newly discovered peptide has shown to have anti-oxidant properties and thus has potential to reduce the onset and progression of different diseases. It can directly remove reactive oxygen species or can increase the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes thus nullifying oxidative damage. Conclusion: It was concluded that ghrelin by virtue of its anti-oxidant properties protects against nicotine induced kidney damage as reflected through restoration of serum antioxidant enzymes and renal function test. Keywords: Ghrelin, Oxidative Stress, Nicotine, Anti-oxidant Enzymes.


This paper reports the investigation of low-frequency noise (1/f noise) in the Polyethylenimine (PEI) doped graphene gas sensor based on the architecture of using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to make a graphene field effect transistor (GFET). Compare to the state-of-art, three advancements have been achieved: (1) first demonstration of 1/f noise characterization in PEI doped CVD graphene FET sensor under nitrogen, water, ethanol and methanol vapor environments; (2) modeling the measured 1/f noise characteristic features through simulating random charge transfer events caused by gas adsorption-desorption processes on graphene surface; (3) rejection of the complex background noise through an advanced digital signal processing method to accurately obtain the 1/f noise in graphene FET gas sensors. As such, the noise characterization, modeling and signal processing method on CVD-grown graphene FET gas sensors could provide new guidelines for researchers to develop 1/f noise based high performance gas sensing devices for practical applications.


Coronary atherosclerotic plaque has been extensively studied in pathological research. Improving the evaluation of vulnerable rupture is important to prevent acute heart failure. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) method is one of techniques to acquire information about atherosclerotic plaque, which is backscattered ultrasound signal sensed by IVUS transducer. The vessel structure and tissue components are then characterized in relation to the acquired signals. In this study, eight human coronary vessel sections are involved, and we use discriminative restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) to classify coronary tissues as a target classifier. The quantization domain of IVUS signals are used to extract binary features for adapting Gaussian model of RBM. In addition, we propose a misclassification sensitive training of disRBM to deal with the class imbalances. The results are compared to the conventional integrated backscattered IVUS method (IB-IVUS) and the cost sensitive neural network for the same tasks.


Seepage through earth dams is one of the main reasons of sudden earth dam failures through weakening the earth dam structure and the piping phenomenon. Cavities existence under the hydraulic structures can lead to heavy structural financial damages and financial losses as well as possibly humanitarian catastrophes. This research presents a numerical investigation into the effect of cavities existence on seepage through earth dams considering rapid drawdown conditions. The aim of present investigation is to simulate the effect of varying location of cavities in horizontal and vertical directions on seepage through earth dams. A series of 2D finite element models were developed using PLAXIS 2D software. A single cavity in various locations horizontally and vertically in subsoil of upstream and downstream slopes was considered in these simulations. The results of numerical simulations indicated that the cavities presence in subsoil of upstream face influences seepage through earth dam dramatically where the values of flow rate rises considerably. The numerical outcomes also showed that varying location of cavities in horizontal direction is more influential than its location alterations in the vertical direction where the flow rate variations are considerably smaller under the effect of the cavities.


A first study of thermoelectric and convective effects in lasers is given in addition to Joule and recombination heating. Optimized devices and thermal measurements verifying the theory are presented.


This paper gives a formal presentation of Lamport's Paxos algorithm for distributed consensus. The presentation includes a state machine model for the complete protocol, a correctness proof, and a performance analysis. The correctness proof, which shows the safety properties of agreement and validity, is based on a mapping to an abstract state machine representing a non-distributed version of the protocol. The performance analysis proves latency bounds, conditioned on certain timing and failure assumptions. Liveness and fault-tolerance correctness properties are corollaries of the performance properties. This work was supported in part by the NSF ITR Grant CCR-0121277. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, NE43-365, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3155, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, NE43-316, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, NE43-???, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, NE43-413, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Email: email@example.com.


Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) clinical trials rely on manual linear and semi‐quantitative (LSQ) estimators like the ABC/2, modified Graeb and IVH scores for timely volumetric estimation from CT. Deep learning (DL) volumetrics of ICH have recently approached the accuracy of gold‐standard planimetry. However, DL and LSQ strategies have been limited by unquantified uncertainty, in particular when ICH and IVH estimates intersect. Bayesian deep learning methods can be used to approximate uncertainty, presenting an opportunity to improve quality assurance in clinical trials.


With the fast growing demand for underwater applications such as marine environmental monitoring, undersea resource exploration, disaster prevention and monitoring, assisted localization and navigation, and security monitoring, the IoUT is proposed to enable a new network framework to connect underwater smart things in rivers and oceans. Conventional UWSNs are perceived as the fundamental infrastructure of IoUT. However, the high cost of underwater devices, high energy consumption of data aggregation, and low localization accuracy limit their further development. AUV brings the mobility property into network designs, which improves localization accuracy, data transmission rate, and data aggregation efficiency. However, it also brings new challenges for localization, path planning and coordination of AUVs. In this article, we briefly introduce the architecture of AUV-aided UWSNs and summarize their advantages based on the current research. Several significant issues when designing localization algorithms and coordination schemes for AUV-aided UWSNs are investigated in detail. We also analyze the main challenges under different scenarios such as the interaction between AUV and sensor nodes and communications among multiple AUVs. Based on these discussions, we conclude the article with the future research directions of AUV-aided UWSNs.


Abstract

 Dioscorea cayenensis, one of the cultivated tropical species of Dioscorea, is an important staple in Africa, with 2500 cultivars developed. It is a vine mostly known from cultivation, but also reported as escaped in the Panama Canal Zone. In Cuba, it is listed as a transformer species with a high possibility of becoming invasive, although there are no further details. The infrequently reported sexual reproduction, the digging of the tubers and its strict environmental requirements limit the spread of this species.


This work deals with three aspects of outdoor laser scanning: automatic registration of multiple scans captured at video rates, knowledge-based reconstruction of laser scanned trees, and non-photorealistic rendering of laser scanned environments.
The introduction of cutting edge Flash LADAR cameras recently developed by Advanced Scientific Concepts both poses unique challenges and provides an opportunity to automate the scan registration process. With the capability of simultaneously capturing an entire frame of both color and range data at 30 frames per second, these devices produce far greater coherence between captured scans than prior Time-of-Flight hardware was capable of delivering. This eliminates several roadblocks common in traditional scanning such as significant motion of objects during scanning, and having to deal with limited coverage due to the difficulty in obtaining each scan. Instead, we can assume that there was little or no change to the environment during and between each scan, allowing us to automatically match features between scans to combine the entire set of scans into a single 3D model. This process takes advantage of the properties of this new kind of hardware, and is intended to be fast enough to preview a data set almost immediately after capture.
For laser scanned trees, the assumption is that the range and color data captured is insufficient to produce an adequate model of the tree, which we have found to be the case in our experience. In order to produce an aesthetically pleasing model for rendering, we use biological guidelines and heuristic analysis of the low detail point cloud to construct a high detail surrogate model that can plausibly substitute for the tree that was scanned.
Since laser scans of outdoor environments are often noisy and full of missing data, rendering these scans in an aesthetically pleasing way can be challenging. By abstracting the data and using artistic styles, we are able to reduce the viewer's expectations for accuracy and completeness.


Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a novel solid‐state freeform fabrication process that utilizes ultrasonic energy to merge similar/dissimilar metal tapes. Metallurgical bonding between the metal tapes can be achieved instantaneously once the sonotrode rotates through. Herein, five‐layered Al‐1100 ultrasonically consolidated samples are fabricated under various parameter combinations of ultrasonic amplitude and normal force settings. The microstructure and texture evolution of the built component among layers are characterized using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results reveal that among the upper layers, recrystallization only occurs at very local interface regions due to the local shear deformation, while the bulk region of each layer still remains the starting microstructure unaffected. However, after this cyclic accumulating process, dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) are observed to take place in the bottom of the built samples. The evolution of microstructures and textures of the bottom layer is a function of input energy, which well explains the effect of ultrasonic energy on the microstructure evolution at the metallurgical bonding regions.


Preparations are underway at the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry's (KSLA) unit for forest and agricultural history for publishing Swedish editions of three pioneering works on agriculture, dating from the Roman Empire. The first publication to appear, in 2009, was Columella's Twelve Books of Agriculture, translated by Sten Hedberg and including twelve essay commentaries by Swedish scholars, several of them associated with SLU (the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences). Work on the remaining two publications will begin in the autumn of 2010.


This paper proposes a new technique for verifying the compliance of AUTOSAR software with the ISO26262 functional safety standard. A framework is presented which formally verifies that a given implemented AUTOSAR software fulfils high risk Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) C and D requirements. The framework exploits the power of symbolic execution to uncover defects early in the design stage. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated on the AUTOSAR watchdog manager and watchdog interface modules.


Color grading of archive films is a very particular task in the process of their restoration. The ultimate goal of color grading here is to achieve the same look of the movie as intended at the time of its first presentation. The role of the expert restorer, expert group and a digital colorist in this complicated process is to find the optimal settings of the digital color grading system so that the resulting image look is as close as possible to the estimate of the original reference release print adjusted by the expert group of cinematographers. A methodology for subjective assessment of perceived differences between the outcomes of color grading is introduced, and results of a subjective study are presented. Techniques for objective assessment of perceived differences are discussed, and their performance is evaluated using ground truth obtained from the subjective experiment. In particular, a solution based on calibrated digital single-lens reflex camera and subsequent analysis of image features captured from the projection screen is described. The system based on our previous work is further developed so that it can be used for the analysis of projected images. It allows assessing color differences in these images and predict their impact on the perceived difference in image look.


Abstract A selective, direct, continuous, low-power catalytic conversion of methane to higher energy hydrocarhons via microwave plasma methods has been developed in the pressure range 10 to 50 Torr. Methane can be converted to ethane, ethylene, and acetylene in different selectivities depending on the power of the plasma, flow rate, nature of the catalyst, and pressure in the system. Selectivities for ethane can be as high as 77%, for ethylene 25%, and for acetylene 25%. Conversions of methane as high as 52% have been realized. Coking can be minimized by proper choice of catalyst and high flow rates. Ethane and ethylene can be converted with 100% selectivity to ethylene and acetylene, respectively, in a similar process. Radicals are important in these transformations, with the catalyst surface providing sites for radical combination. Rates of reaction, energy balances, and mechanisms of reaction are discussed.


The purpose of this paper is to examine entrepreneurial leadership and to determine the entrepreneurial leadership skills which are important for success in a developing economy environment. Specifically, the focus of this research was on entrepreneurial leadership within the retail pharmacy sector in Nigeria.,This study was guided by an interpretivist-constructionist perspective. By adopting a qualitative approach, the lived experiences of the retail pharmacy entrepreneurs could be understood. In total, 51 semi-structured interviews were the mode of data collection, and data were triangulated via three sources: entrepreneurs, employees, and literature.,From the study results, a vivid picture of entrepreneurial leadership was formed, which in turn provides the basis for an empirical skill-based model of this phenomenon in a developing economy. This study identifies four distinct entrepreneurial leadership skill categories. These include technical/business skills, interpersonal skills, conceptual skills, and entrepreneurial skills. The findings of this study also show the factors and conditions necessary for entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy.,The findings of this study have implications in theory and practice. Its results provide an empirical, skill-based framework on entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy, a subject area for which there exists a lack of background literature. In practice, the findings of this study serve as a useful reference for practitioners and policy makers of the skills and other factors required for people to succeed as entrepreneurial leaders.


Abstract. The platelet-activating factor receptor ( PTAFR ) encoding gene, also known as PAFR or PAFr , belongs to the rhodopsin gene family. The receptor binds the platelet-activating factor (PAF) that has been implicated as a mediator in diverse pathologic processes. In cattle, PTAFR is associated to the reproduction process and is described as a receptor that is involved in inflammatory-like processes of the uterus associated with increased vascular permeability (TIEMANN et al. 2005). The gene sequence was recently annotated on Bos taurus (BTA) chromosome 2 at 129.4 megabases in NCBI Bos taurus build Btau_4.0. The presented data confirm this annotation by independent physical mapping methods and anchor the corresponding DNA segment to the chromosome. PTAFR was assigned by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic hybrid cell (SHC) mapping.


How can urban studies research engage fruitfully with hip-hop? This contribution responds to the essays by David Beer and Martin Lamotte on 'street music', urban ethnography and ghettoized communities. It discusses how a social science engagement with hip-hop texts might differ from cultural studies approaches, and how the study of hip-hop culture can contribute to social movements studies. The essay argues that academics can utilize this form of 'urban' culture in various ways when undertaking urban research, teaching urban studies and engaging a broader public in academic research.


Presents the list of especially dangerous freight and criteria for the determination of the most dangerous substances. Offers an extra list of agents characterized by expressed toxicity.


(1) The number of large embryos (LEN) in individual apterous virginoparous Myzus persicae (Sulz.) raised on sugar beet and potatoes depended on adult weight. (2) Linear regressions of LEN on adult weight showed differences between aphids reared on different host varieties and in different experimental environments. (3) The negative exponential curve provided a significantly better fit than the straight line to these data and gave valid estimates of LEN when adult weights were very small. (4) A common negative exponential curve could generally be fitted to aphids from different environments. Where significant differences in curves did occur, they were largely accounted for by a simple multiplying factor. (5) It is concluded that the dependence of fecundity on weight in virginoparous aphids is a negative exponential of form y = a {1 exp[ (loge 2)(x X0)/(X50 Xo)]}, where x0 is the weight threshold for reproduction, x50 is the weight for median fecundity and a is a fertility factor reflecting host plant status and other, as yet unknown, environmental, and possibly genetic state variables.


Review of Russian and foreing clinical guidelines in aspect of digoxine use in chronic heart failure. Main clinical trials in this area are briefly discussed. Key questions of practical digoxine use at various categories of chronic heart failure patients are covered.


Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) is one of key technology for fine particle tracking and imaging. Some part of recent MPGD R & D activities in Japan are reviewed.


The external morphology of diploid and triploid grass carp was studied to determine whether the two types could be separated by differences in external characteristics. In a comparison of 27 measurements, six scale counts and five fin formulae from two stocks of diploid and triploid fish obtained from commercial producers, analysis of covariance and discriminant analysis indicated a classification accuracy of only 65–85%. Clearly, triploid grass carp differentiated by external morphology alone should not be stocked into waters where diploid fish are illegal or would cause management problems.


Objective To investigate the occurrence of sexual behavior with non-spouse among reproductive age men and women.Methods Population Proportional to Size sampling method was employed in sampling.The sampled women and men were interviewed face to face with uniform questionnaire during the period of time from November 2005 to December 2005.Results More than 90% interviewed men and women agreed that one person should restrict sexual relationships to a single sexual partner,and about 1/3 interviewed men and women agreed with that was because of afraid of STI/HIV/AIDS.The proportion of unmarried men who had already have sex experience was 20.2%,and 47.8% had used no contraception during their first sex,42.2% used condom.The proportion of unmarried women who had already have sex experience was 8.7%,and 30.4% had used no contraception during first sex,43.5% used condom.The proportion of having non-regular sexual partner was 1.6% among married men,0.5% among married women,25.6% among un-married men with sex behavior and 4.3% among un-married women with sex behavior,and many of them did not use condom during intercourse.Conclusion Although most people agreed that one person should restrict sexual relationships to a single sexual partner,sexual behavior with non-spouse had happened,and condom use was still not satisfactory.Efforts should be put both on moral education and condom use to ensure safe sex.


It is well known that Hoeffding's inequality has a lot of applications in the signal and information processing fields. How to improve Hoeffding's inequality and find the refinements of its applications have always attracted much attentions. An improvement of Hoeffding inequality was recently given by Hertz [1]. Eventhough such an improvement is not so big, it still can be used to update many known results with original Hoeffding's inequality, especially for Hoeffding-Azuma inequality for martingales. However, the results in original Hoeffding's inequality and its refined version by Hertz only considered the first order moment of random variables. In this paper, we present a new type of Hoeffding's inequalities, where the high order moments of random variables are taken into account. It can get some considerable improvements in the tail bounds evaluation compared with the known results. It is expected that the developed new type Hoeffding's inequalities could get more interesting applications in some related fields that use Hoeffding's results.


Thank you very much for reading adaptation and natural selection a critique of some current evolutionary thought. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this adaptation and natural selection a critique of some current evolutionary thought, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


This paper presents the results of mechanical tests performed on bio-inspired structural composites. The details of synthesis process, loading configurations, testing conditions are discussed. Results of the tests clearly show the superiority of the biomimicked layered composites made from concrete and polymer, in terms of toughness over their monolithic counterparts. The implications of the results and their impact on construction technology will be elucidated.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Abstract To overcome the IgA interference in enzyme immunoassay for serum secretory IgA (SIgA), a new specific, simple and more sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay, fully free of the serum IgA interference, was developed. SIgA standards or samples were added into the wells of polystyrene plate coated with rabbit IgG antibody to human secretory component. After incubation, the wells were washed and then, horseradish peroxidase-labeled Fab′ fragment of goat IgG antibody to human α-chain was added and incubated. The wells were washed again to remove the unbound labeled antibody, and the enzyme activity specifically bound to the well was assayed using 3,3′, 5,5′ - tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2 as substrate. The enzyme reaction was stopped by addition of 2M H2SO4. The SIgA concentration was determined from the absorbance at 450 nm. The minimun detectable sensitivity was 6ng/ml. The assay system had very good selectivity overcoming the interference of IgA. As the result of high sensitivity, only small amount ...


This paper addresses the existence of Nash equilibria in one-way flow or directed network models in a number of different settings. In these models players form costly links with other players and obtain resources from them through the directed path connecting them. We find that heterogeneity in the costs of establishing links play a crucial role in the existence of Nash networks. We also provide conditions for the existence of Nash networks in models where costs and values of links are heterogeneous. JEL Classification: C72, D85


Frailty is a common phenomenon in geriatric patients. In the present translational research study, we assessed two frailty instruments (Fried 2001; Gill 2002), comparing the usefulness and scoring classifications for frailty screening in an academically affiliated geriatrics clinic.


The interaction between two rare gas atoms is assumed to have the form — Ar—6+AB(exp—r/ρ). The values of A and B are found from the lattice distances and the heats of sublimation of frozen neon, argon, krypton and xenon for ρ=0.2091A and ρ=0.345A. The equations of state of the solids are then calculated, including the Debye θ's and the breakdown points, which occur a few degrees below the melting points. For krypton, the expansion coefficient and the specific heat are calculated, but are found too high at higher temperatures.


A detailed study of a system of coupled waves is given for which an initial‐boundary value problem is solved by means of the spectral transform theory. This system represents the nonlinear interaction of an electrostatic high‐frequency wave with the ion acoustic wave in a two component homogeneous plasma. As a result it is understood the plasma instability as (i) a continuous secular transfer of energy from the laser beam to the acoustic wave, (ii) the evolution toward the formation of local singularities of the electrostatic wave (collapsing), (iii) a mutual trapping of the acoustic wave and the scattered Langmuir wave.


Grid technologies are rising with the next generation of Internet by defining a powerful computing paradigm. Grid could be used as a technology 'glue' providing users with a uniform way to access resources by means of several devices. These technologies can provide a support for Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) by enabling new learning environments based on collaboration, real direct experience, personalization, ubiquity, accessibility and contextualization. Nevertheless, to be effectively used in TEL, Grid must be complemented with other elements like semantics and educational modeling; leading to the concept of 'Learning Grid' as defined in the homonymous Special Interest Group (SIG) of the European Network of Excellence 'Kaleidoscope: Shaping the Scientific Evolution of Technology Enhanced Learning'. The key challenge that Kaleidoscope is facing is the scientific and structural integration of the European TEL research. In this context, the Learning Grid SIG aims at contributing to the achievement of an improvement in TEL practices through the definition of open, distributed and pervasive environments for effective human learning taking into account that effective learning requires an active attitude of learners and that learning is a social and collaborative activity so requiring a technology that allows for active and realistic experiments, personalization, knowledge creation and evolution, as well as autonomous and dynamic creation of communities. The first section of the book is about the concept of Learning Grid and related technologies. The second chapter analyses and compares existing languages for the dynamic composition of distributed learning resources and services in aLearning Grid.IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences


Crowd simulation and visualization is an emergent research area that studies and reproduces this phenomenon on virtual environments. We present a system designed for simulation and visualization of pedestrians in urban environments, this system is focused on solving problems such as rendering, character animation, artificial intelligence to deal with steering behaviors and motion planning of each pedestrian. The present work incorporates steering pedestrian behaviors using real data collected from several sources such as GPS traces and surveillance systems, all these data allows virtual characters to adapt their navigation according to several environment factors such as other agents or obstacles. This kind of approach requires massive quantities of resources, such as data, memory and computation. We present a formulation that includes a multi-agent system that assigns individual characteristics, both physical and psychological to the virtual agents, which are based on data obtained from real pedestrians to better depict reality. The presented system is able to simulate crowds in complex urban environments; for that purpose the system was built in two stages, urban environment generation and pedestrian simulation, for the first stage we integrate the WRLD3D plug-in with real data collected from GPS traces, then we use a hybrid approach done by incorporating steering pedestrian behaviors with the goal of simulating the subtle variations present in real scenarios without needing large amounts of data for those low-level behaviors, such as pedestrian motion affected by other agents and static obstacles nearby.


Soil mounds around burrows are natural disturbances in plant communities where prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) occur. We hypothesized that one or more sub-dominant plant species are more abundant on black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus) mounds than on inter-mound areas or offprairie-dog-town areas, and that soil mixing results in enhanced N-mineralization which increases N-content of plants growing on mounds. During summer 2000, we measured plant cover and biomass by species in on-mound, inter-mound, and off-town plots on three active prairie dog towns in each Texas, Colorado, and Montana. In Montana and Colorado, Solanum triflorum was found only on mounds, and Sphaeralcea coccinea was more frequent on prairie dog mounds than on inter-mound and off-town areas. In Texas, Achillea millefolium and Amaranthus blitoides was found only on prairie dog mounds, and Hoffmanseggia glauca was more frequent on mounds than on inter-mound and off-town areas. Biomass of grasses increased from on-mound to off-town sites while biomass of most forbs decreased. Plant nitrogen concentration showed a general decline from mounds to offtown areas. These findings support the hypothesis that soil disturbance caused by C. ludovicianus during construction and maintenance of their mounds contributes to plant species diversity and enhanced N-mineralization in grasslands. REFERENCES Coffin, D.P. and W.K. Lauenroth. 1988. The effects of disturbance size and frequency on a shortgrass plant community. Ecology 69(5): 1609-1617. Coppock D.L., J.K. Detling, J.E. Ellis , and M.I. Dyer. 1984. Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. I. Effects of BlackTailed Prairie Dogs on Intraseasonal Aboveground Plant Biomass and Nutrient Dynamics and Plant Species Diversity. Oecologia 56: 1-9. Hobbs, R.J. and H.A. Mooney, 1985. Community and population dynamics of serpentine grassland annuals in relation to gopher disturbance. Oecologia 67: 342-351. Reichman, O.J. 1988. Comparison of the effects of crowding and pocket gopher disturbance on mortality, growth, and seed production of Berteroa incana. American Midland Naturalist 120(1) 58-69. METHODS • On each town, we staked out a 200x100m "town plot". All sub-plots within the town plot were located at random points within this plot. We also randomly located a 50x50m plot and measured burrow density. • Within the town plot, 25 dome mounds were randomly selected and their basal area and plant cover were estimated. With the short side of a Daubenmire frame (0.2 x 0.5m) at the burrow entrance in a randomly selected compass direction, we estimated percent cover for all plant species within the frame. • For the first five Daubenmire plots on each prairie dog town, we overlaid the Daubenmire frame with a 0.25m2 clipping ring and clipped all vegetation rooted within the ring. Samples were then oven-dried at 80C for at least 2 days until completely dry. Samples were weighed on a Sartorius balance. • At each study site, three species abundant in all three locations (on-mounds between mounds and off-town.) were selected for nitrogen analysis and five aboveground samples of each species were collected at each location at each town (15 total samples per species per town). Species at the Colorado and Montana sites overlapped greatly, and the same three species, Agropyron smithii, Sphaeracea coccinea, and Verbena bracteata, were collected at these sites. In Texas, we collected Argythamnia humilis, Hoffmanseggia glauca, and Teucrium laciniatum. Samples were homogenized in a Wiley Mill through a 20-mesh screen. All N-analyses were performed on a LECO-1000 CHN gas auto-analyzer. Statistical Analyses Frequency, Cover, Biomass, and Nitrogen data were input to SAS (ver 8.0) code separately by State and species for ANOVAs for position (on, inter, off), town (3 per state), and position x town interaction effects. STUDY SITES Field data collection took place from June to July 2000. We selected three active black-tailed prairie dog towns each at: 1. Texas A&M Agricultural Experimental Station, Vernon, Texas 2. The Shortgrass Steppe LTER, Pawnee National Grasslands, Colorado. 3. The USDA Agricultural Research Station, Fort Keogh, Montana. INTRODUCTION Grasslands experience many types of disturbance from large scale fires, floods and erosion, to small scale disruptions such as fecal pats or ant mounds that produce irregularities in the plant community. These alter the community by creating gaps in the plant canopy, overturning the soil, or burying or uprooting individual plants (Coffin and Lauenroth 1988). Disturbances often kill the plants directly affected and promote turnover of plant species within the community. Disturbance on small scales (0.01 to 1 m2) provide the opportunity for subordinate species to become established on the affected areas (Coffin and Lauenroth 1988). Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) soil mounds, which are usually 1-2m in diameter (Whicker and Detling 1988), are such a disturbance. This study was conducted to ascertain whether: HYPOTHESES 1. One or more sub-dominant, plant species are found in greater abundance on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) mounds than in inter-mound areas or off prairie dog town areas, and 2. Soil mixing results in enhanced N-concentration of plants growing on mounds. J.P. Farrar and J. K. Detling. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and the Department of Biology, Colorado State University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support is being provided in part by the NSF Shortgrass Steppe LTER project. We wish to thank Mary Ashby, Mark Lindquist, Robin Kelly, Bill Pinchak, and Rod Heitschmidt for their scientific support. The Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), a species indigenous to the Great Plains of North America. RESULTS A few species exhibited greater frequency on prairie dog mounds than in intermound and off-town areas. In Montana and Colorado, Solanum triflorum was found only on mounds, and Sphaeralcea coccinea was more frequent on prairie dog mounds than on inter-mound and off-town areas. (Figs. 1 & 2) In Texas, Achillea millefolium and Amaranthus blitoides were found only on prairie dog mounds, and Hoffmanseggia glauca was more frequent on mounds than on inter-mound and offtown areas. (Fig. 2) In general, biomass of grasses increased from on-mound to offtown sites while biomass of most forbs decreased.(Fig. 3) This was also true for grasses and forbs frequencies. Plant nitrogen concentration showed a general decline from mounds to off-town areas. (Fig. 4) At Ft. Keogh, N-concentration of Agropyron smithii was significantly different at all three locations, and at all thee sites, most species showed a significant difference between on-mound and off-town N concentrations. Waggoner Ranch, Texas Fort Keogh, Montana DISCUSSION Disturbances to grassland communities can alter the dominance balance between species competing for resources of light, nutrients, and water. (Coffin & Lauenroth, 1988) We found several plant species to occur in greater abundance in the disturbed soil of black-tailed prairie dog mounds. Our biomass data show similar trends as those of Coppock et al. (1983) who found grass biomass to increase on-town to off while that of forbs decreased. Though not always statistically significant, a trend appears to show that the soil disturbance of the mounds enhances N-concentration in plants beyond that of those growing between mounds. These results support our hypotheses that soil disturbance caused by C. ludovicianus during construction and maintenance of their mounds contributes to plant species diversity in grasslands and to enhanced N-concentration of plants growing on mounds. Figure 1. A dome mound in Montana on which Sphaeralcea coccinea is growing (arrow). Figure 4. N-concentrations. Nitrogen concentrations as a percent of total aboveground biomass. Plant N-Concentration 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Agropyron smithii Sphaeralcea coccinea Verbena bracteata a b c a b b a a a Ft. Keogh, MT 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Agropyron smithii Sphaeralcea coccinea Verbena bracteata N -C o n c e n tr a ti o n ( % ) On Inter Off a ab b b b a


In terms of housing issues, the primary focus of economists has been the ratio of housing price to income. Argument about its applicability has not held up. Entropy weight and optimal point approach is employed to evaluate household housing purchasing power by income classes in this article. Entropy weight is more prominent in expressing the impact of the factor than subjective weight. Optimal point method uses the distance between the real value and the optimal to present the quality of order. Indices, including current, future income and asset, are introduced to comprehensively analyze housing affordability of household. The results show that the household asset has the most effect on housing purchasing power of household. With increase of household income, affordability of housing is getting stronger and stronger. Entropy weight and optimal point approach is simple and intuitive to estimate housing affordability of household by income groups. The results offer an important lesson for policymaker.


The bursting strength and inflated deflection of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), oriented polypropylene (OPP), flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyurethane (PUR) films of different thicknesses were investigated with the pneumatic bursting method. The study showed the bursting air pressure is directly proportional to the thickness of LLDPE, OPP, and PET films. The effect of different membrane diameters on the change of the bursting properties in OPP and PUR film was also investigated. The results showed that the bursting properties are inversely proportional to the membrane diameter. Furthermore, biaxial stress-strain exerted on the pole region of the tested films was studied. The results denoted that the relationship between the biaxial and uniaxial tensile stress-strain was considered for two types of film: (1) Film that presented an isotropic tensile behavior showed that the tangential stress-strain is higher than the tensile stress-strain. (2) Film that presented an anisotropic tensile behavior showed that the tangential stress-strain is determined by the weaker tensile stress-strain values between two directions.


We explore the canvas of leadership to establish the ontology of leadership, as perceived in the dominant worldview through the method of ontological and definition profiling of Leadership. Our rev...


This emulsion contains omega -3 fatty acids, in particular eikosapentaene acid (EPA), or their physiologically tolerable esters as components of the fatty phase. Altogether, it contains the following: omega -fatty acids, in particular EPA, or their physiologically acceptable esters in their pure form or as components of fish oils and/or fish oil fractions; at least one physiologically acceptable emulsifier; optionally, further fats such as medium-chained triglycerides (MCT); optionally, alpha -tocopherol or physiologically acceptable alpha -tocopherol-esters; optionally, ascorbic acid or physiologically acceptable ascorbic acid esters; and the usual additives and auxiliary substances. The total fat content is comprised between 2 and 20% and the emulsifier content is comprised between 5 and 20% (relative to the fat content). Production and use of this emulsion are also described.


In a view to bring to light Cameroon's rich vegetative potential, optimisation of gum extraction from a local plant Beilschmiedia obscura (B.O.) was studied. Extracts of this plant are being used as food improvers in some Cameroonian dishes, but are not yet exploited for industrial applications. Gums were extracted from the seeds of B.O. by solubilisation in aqueous media followed by ethanol purification. A centre composite experimental design with three factors: temperature, pH and alcohol/water ratio was used. Responses considered were, water absorption capacity, solubility index and the emulsifying activity. The results obtained were analysed with the Statistica centurion


Corrosion behaviors of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets in various corrosion environments were investigated. In order to improve the corrosion resistanance of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, two methods were introduced. One was surface coating and the other was additin of alloying elements. Some sophisticated technologies and research hotspots of surface coating were evaluated, then some questions on corrosion protect of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets which could be paid attention to in followed research were presented.


The observed data of temperature during 1954~2003 in Hotan area were used,the annual and seasonal change trends are analyzed by moving-average method;the statistical characteristics were calculated to analyze the variation feature of temperature within a year.The resuts showed that the annual average temperature had an increasing trend;summer,autumn and winter average temperature also had an increasing trend and the amplitude in winter was bigger;the change of standard deviation and coefficient of variation were acute during winter;the coefficients of skewness were positive value during summer and autumn;the kurtosis coefficients were bigger during winter.


Objective:To investigate the morbidity factors,monitoring ways, therapy and Prognosis of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) complicated by severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods:A clinical retrospective analysis was carried on 13 cases of DVT complicated by SAP. Results:The major risk factors for DVT complicated by SAP were deep venous catheter in femoral vein(FV), long-term bed and hypercoagulabale state of blood. 12 patients, about 92.31 percent(12/13), were cured after the elevation of affected extremity and the treatment with anticoagulation and thrombolysis in 7 to 14 days. One patient was cured after 23 days of these treatments. No patient died of pulmonary embolism. Conclusion:SAP was the high risk etiological factor of DVT. With the effects of factors, deep venous in FV was the major causative factor. Patients with DVT could get satisfactory therapeutic effect by early of finding DVT and early treatment with anticoagulation and thrombolysis.


Photograph of 1 person. There are three images of a woman in three poses. In the left image she is sitting and is resting her chin on her hand. In the middle image she is sitting with her hands folded in her lap and is looking down. In the right image she is standing with her hands at her sides. She is wearing a plaid blazer and skirt.


In this study, an attempt to appeal to the justifi cation of environmental education through the integration of traditional Russian system of values , namely the Orthodox spiritual and moral potential in the process of formation of ecological culture. The problem of environmental education is considered in the context of the eschatology of Russian religious philosophy. Harmonization of the relationship between man and nature involves the establishment of harmony, order, frets. This condition is the opposite of chaos, decay and disorder disasters. For the Russian religious thought – lies at the heart of the world harmony and chaos – only a special case of this harmony. This means that the environmental activities of sense, and we have a chance to overcome the particular cases of decay and restore the ecological integrity of the land and people. And it must deal with environmental education based on traditional values of Russian culture.


We study the influence of the intra-cavity ring on dynamics, phase noise and timing jitter of a long-ring-cavity colliding pulse mode-locked laser using a delay differential equation (DDE) model. The results of dynamic show that the intra-cavity filter can suppress harmonics of 2 GHz cavity. We also find a reduction of phase noise and timing jitter compared to the fundamental 20 GHz ring laser, which is in good agreement with experimental result.


Out of three solid compounds separated from the chloroform extract of the root bark of Ziziphus Oenoplia, recently one was identified as 7a-hydroxy-6-isopropenyl-3,3,3a,5,6a,10,10-11b,octamethylhexadecahydro benzo [de]anthracene5-carboxylic acid. On continuation of our interest, the second compound was identified as an acyclic hydroxy ether from IR,1H,13C, 1H-1H COSY,1H-13C HETCOR, 135 DEPT, HMBC, and mass spectral data. Further the antimicrobial studies on the new compound also been done on various stains of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in comparison with the standard.


YT-I type Mine automatic attendance system is compos ed of miner's lamp, mine attendance machine and ground computer attendance management system.The car dless automatic attendance is realized by using the coding signal emitted from t he radio coding emitter fixed inside the miner's lamp This kind of automatic att endance system is mainly used in the attendance checking,managing and safety mon itoring of underpit workers.This paper briefly introduces the main features,stru cture and working principle of the system.


This research analyzes blasting accident cause that is happening construction and engineering works spot taking advantage of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) techniques as metrical. Result that apply AHP with blasting accident that is happened the South Korea and Japan, appeared by thing which relative importance by human cause is highest. Specially, it is observance of safety rule that dominate the highest ratio among of human cause, and if observe a little, causes that prevention is possible are much. Therefore, by result of this research, it may become help to minimize dissipation of important life and property preventing beforehand explosion accident of gunpowder.


Sybils are users created for carrying out nefarious actions in online social networks (OSNs) and threaten the security of OSNs. Therefore, Sybil detection is an urgent security task, and various detection methods have been proposed. Existing Sybil detection methods are based on the relationship (i.e., graph structure) of users in OSNs. Structure-based methods can be classified into two categories: Random Walk (RW)-based and Belief Propagation (BP)-based. However, although almost all methods have been experimentally evaluated in terms of their performance and robustness to noise, the theoretical understanding of them is insufficient. In this paper, we interpret the Sybil detection problem from the viewpoint of graph signal processing and provide a framework to formulate RW- and BPbased methods as low-pass filtering. This framework enables us to theoretically compare RW- and BP-based methods and explain why BP-based methods perform well for scale-free graphs, unlike RW-based methods. Furthermore, by this framework, we relate RW- and BP-based methods and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and discuss the difference among these methods. Finally, we evaluate the validity of this framework through numerical experiments.


The review covers recent progress on microbial sensory rhodopsins, visual pigment-like retinylidene photoreceptors that function in phototaxis by archaeons, such as Halobacterium salinarium, and by unicellular eukaryotic algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Six demonstrably different sensory rhodopsins are known in halophilic archaea. The best characterized is sensory rhodopsin I (SR-I), a color-sensitive receptor that relays attractant and repellent photosignals to a tightly bound transducer protein HtrI (halobacterial transducer for sensory rhodopsin I). New advances in the mechanism of signal transduction by the SR-I/HtrI complex from molecular-biological and biophysical approaches are summarized. Effects of HtrI on light-induced proton transfers in the receptor are discussed for their possible role in signaling. Current knowledge concerning the growing family of related archaeal sensory rhodopsins is presented.

The evidence for a sensory rhodopsin in phototaxis by C. reinhardtii and other unicellular eukaryotic algae is reviewed. The molecular information is more limited than for the archaeal organisms, but the physiological information is rich and complex. Compelling data exist for a single retinal-containing receptor mediating both phototaxis and photophobic responses in C. reinhardtii. From retinal analog studies, the isomeric configuration and ring/chain conformation of the retinal in the receptor appear to be identical to those of the archaeal sensory rhodopsins. Also, photoisomerization from all-trans- to 13-cis-retinal appears to be the trigger for signaling, as in the archaeal pigments. Conflicting early studies suggesting an 11-cis-retinal chromophore and signaling without photoisomerization are analyzed and possible explanations for those reports are suggested.

As a general conclusion, the microbial sensory rhodopsins provide an opportunity to explore photochemistry and protein/protein interaction in photosensory transduction in genetically tractable organisms.


The present invention relates to a method for controlling the intake valve of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder having at least one first intake valve and one second intake valve. It can be adjusted closing timing of the first intake valve (the 20,26,30,38,34). According to the present invention, the closing timing of the first intake valve (20,26,30,38,34) is located in front of the first engine speed closing timing of the second intake valve (22), first the second engine speed is after closing timing of the. The first engine speed is lower than the second engine speed.


Objective To observe the effect of patients with severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage with the micro-puncture operation.Methods 102 patients with severe hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated with the micro-puncture operation,and 84 patients with conventional treatment as control group.Results The suivival rate of treatment group patients was higher(P0.05) than those of the control group.After 4 weeks,the value of GCS in suivival patients of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group(P0.01).Conclusion Treatment of severe hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage with the micro-puncture operation is safe and effective method.


Exploiting hyperlink information has revolutionized search algorithms for the Web 8, 2]. As the Web grows, its link structure, along with content, evolves at a rapid rate. Consequently, large-scale static hyperlink-based ranking computations become too expensive to be performed frequently. In this paper, we present a very eecient algorithm to incrementally compute good approximations to PageRank 2], as links evolve. Our algorithm derives intuition and partial justiica-tion from a rigorous sensitivity analysis that we present for ergodic Markov chains. Preliminary experiments reveal that our algorithms are both fast and yield excellent approximations to PageRank, even in light of large amounts of changes to the link structure. Link evolution promises to be a rich source of valuable information for the next generation of web search and mining algorithms; we believe our method will yield valuable insights in these contexts.


—This paper presents a study on quantum radar tech- nology developments, design Consideration for its integration, and quantum radar cross section (QRCS) based on quantum electrodynamics and interferometric considerations. Quantum radar systems supported quantum measurement can fulfill not only conventional target detection and recognition tasks but also capable of detecting and identifying the RF stealth platform and weapons systems. The development of radar technology is of the utmost importance in many avenues of research. The concept of a quantum radar has been proposed which utilizes quantum states of photons to establish information on a target at a distance. A photon, or a little cluster of photons, is distributed towards the target. The photons are absorbed and re-emitted from the target and into the receiver. The measurement process may be executed in two alternative ways. One can perform an interferometric measurement (or phase measurement) on the photon, or one can simply count the number of photons that return. the previous method is named Interferometric Quantum Radar, and therefore the latter method is termed Quantum Illumination. For either of those methods, one can use stationary quantum states of photons or use entangled states. it's been shown that entangled states provide the most effective possible boost in resolution, achieving within the ideal case. The benefit of using quantum states is that they exhibit extra degrees of correlation by which to get information compared to classical methods. These extra correlations (called quantum correlations) serve to boost the resolution and signal/noise (SNR) that may be achieved within the radar system. To obtain information, a relation study is done between the two photons. In order to beat the diffraction limit, coherent state quantum radar depends on the use of coherent state photons and a quantum detection scheme. This paper also reviews the principles of design and operation of quantum applied trends.


The Award of Collaborative Enterprise was awarded to Paris Wednesday, January 27, 2016 by Keolis Group, a leading operator of public passenger transport, for its collaborative platform KeoShare, based on Jalios Digital Platform, implemented by ASI.


Objective: To observe the pathologic and biochemical changes of lung by mimicking the status of premature newborn in high concentrated oxygen and to discuss the effects and mechanisms of oxygen inhalation on the lung. Methods: Newborn rats were put into the oxygen box with the oxygen concentration of 60% continuously for 1,4, and 7 days separately. Rats born at the same time which were fed in air condition served as control. Arterial blood gas analysis including, superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), nitric oxide(NO), and NO synthase (NOS) of kidney were meatured. The lung was observed by using HE staining. Results: The arterial partial pressure of oxygen in the 3 experimental groups were all significantly higher than that in control (P0.05), SOD was significantly lower than that in control (P0.05 ),and MDA was significantly higher than that in control (P0.05, P0.01, P0.01). Both NO and NOS were significantly higher in experimatal group than those in control (NO: P0.05,P0.01,P0.05; NOS: P0.05). The lung in 1 day old rats of experimental group showed no obvious pathologic change. While in the 4 day old rats, few red blood cell exudated in the alveoli and the septum thickened which were developed more obvious in the 7 day old rats with bleeding in the septum, inflammatory cell infiltrated and even alveoli fusion. No change was found in the control group. Conclusion: Superoxide free radical may play an important role in the mechanisms of pulmonary damage during high concentration oxygen supplying.


Ashmari (urolithiasis) is third most common and distressing affliction of the urinary tract. It have peculiar tendency of recurrence even after surgery. The causes and mechanism of their formation is still obscure but various factors like age, sex, irregular food habit, metabolic disorders, sedentary life style, occupation, hydration status, nutritional deficiency, geography etc. may be responsible for the formation of stone. Detailed description of Ashmari is the specific contribution of Acharya Sushruta and he included it in the "Eight Mahagada". It may be owing to its potentiality to disturb the anatomy and physiology of urinary system. Total 29 patients with classical signs and symptoms with confirmed diagnosis by USG of KUB were treated in three divided groups for 60 days. 10 patients were treated with Tiladi Kshara, 500mg 1 capsule twice daily orally, 10 patients were treated with Varunadi Ghrita, 10gm twice daily orally and 9 patients were treated with Swarjika Kshara (as a control group), 500mg 1 capsule twice daily orally. After completion of trial for 60 days, it was observed that Varunadi Ghrita has provided highly significant relief in pain, burning micturition, dysuria, and haematuria whereas Tiladi Kshara has provided highly significant relief in pain, burning micturion and dysuria and Swarjika Kshara has provided highly significant relief in burning micturition only. After careful observation it can be concluded that Varunadi Ghrita possesses the properties to disintegration and expulsion of stone and can produce better relief in signs and symptoms of Ashmari than Tiladi Kshara.


Objective:To determine the prognostic significance of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients with functional disability after acute ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 92 patients with ischemic stroke were examined within 24 h after symptom onset.hs-CRP measurements were obtained on the first and seventh hospital day.The correlations between the concentration of hs-CRP and functional disability duration 6 months after stroke onset were analyzed.Results:The present study showed that hs-CRP levels on the first and seventh hospital day were significantly correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score during 6 months after stroke onset.These results also demonstrated that mRS scores are more closely associated with hs-CRP levels on the seventh hospital day than hs-CRP levels on the first day.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that elevated hs-CRP levels on the seventh hospital day, rather than within 24 h after stroke onset, could strongly predict the prognosis of functional disability.These results supported that hs-CRP is a useful marker of ischemic stroke.


Postemergent applications of bentazon (3-isopropyl-1H-2, 1-3-benzothiadiazon-(4) 3H-one 2, 2 dioxide) at 0.84, 1.68, 3.36 and 6.72 kg ai/ha effectively controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) in nursery containers but all rates severely injured container-grown woody ornamentals.


Nordic Light are one off the leading companies in manufacturing and development of lamparmatures and have been doing that since 1980.Since LED lamps are getting more and more common, the demands on ...


In experiment 1, an extended functional analysis of self-injury was conducted with a 21-year-old male diagnosed with autism and profound mental retardation. The multielement phase yielded undifferentiated results. Subsequent blocking of conditions plus the addition of a component allowing access to multiple sensory stimuli suggested that self-injury was unrelated to programmed positive or negative reinforcement contingencies. The behavior appeared to be automatically reinforced; its occurrence decreased when access to alternative sensory stimuli was provided. Experiment 2 evaluated a treatment condition in which response-independent access to these sensory stimuli was provided within the participant's everyday environment. Baseline and treatment frequencies of self-injury were compared in a combined, multiple-baseline-across-settings and ABAB design. The level of self-injury decreased substantially during treatment. These results support the use of extended analog analyses of aberrant behavior in instances in which undifferentiated responding occurs in the initial analogue analysis. Additionally, a procedure is described for generalizing the intervention derived from the experimental analysis into the participant's everyday environment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the image-centric era,reading focus has been changed from the text/words to the images.Nowadays many artists and designers use computer aided technologies to compose and modify the images to create new visual forms. Therefor eit makes visual experience polymorphism and promotes the visual image language development. This phenom enonisbeing viewed as the visual image language evolution from the graphic symbol point of view.Is it comprehensive?This paperattempts to analyze the contextual factors from linguistic point of view to research the rules of developing the visualimage language.


Through using 6-attention-distribution training assignments to sanda athletes for four-week's distribution of attention training,the changes of their reaction speed and action accuracy were monitored.It was designed to explore the training's influence on sanda athlete' s reaction speed and action accuracy,and the effects of the training of attention to the distribu- tion were evaluated.The result shows that four-week's training of attention to the distribution can make certain improvement for athletes' reaction speed and action accuracy.It is probably due to the shorter training period.Male and female sanda athletes are different in the reaction speed and action accuracy,male athlete's reaction speed and accuracy are better than female athlete.Concerning the proportion of speed to accuracy,the reaction speed is between 235ms~295ms.The declining degree of male athlete's action accuracy is less than female athlete.


Icon Resources Ltd is quite optimistic about being able to get the Mt Carbine mine, 120lm north-west of Cairns, Queensland, once Australia's largest tungsten producer, back into production. The mine was closed in the 1980s when tungsten prices were in the doldrums.


Six haymaking systems with forage harvesters and flail mowers were compared with a conventional mower and tedder (control). Drying rate, dry matter yield and feed quality were measured in three lodged, heavy meadows (Fields 1, 2 and 3). Wet weather (rainfall 0.82 in.; 22mm) prevailed in Fields 1 and 2, dull dry weather in Field 3. The mown hay lay for 6 to 8 days in each field. The hay in all but one flail system dried significantly faster than the control, but the differences were small . The conventional mower left a long stubble and gave the lowest yield of dry matter. Yields with the flail mower and one 3^-ft forage harvester, which cut cleanly, were 30 percent higher (p< 0.01) than the control. Tedding flail-cut meadows increased drying rate slightly, but reduced yield by 15 percent com pared with turning by gearless rake. Dry matter digestibility and voluntary intake were independent of the haymaking system. Systems which yielded the most dry matter also gave the greatest amount of digestible dry matter per acre.


(Manihot esculenta Crantz.) leaves containing flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. This research aimsnto determine the activity of n-hexane as antibacterial against the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, known between the three fraction which resulted in the most active antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, determine the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and Minimum Killing Concentrations of the most active traction of cassava leaf extract to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Cassava leaves were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent, then continued with fractination used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvent. The antibacterial activity used diffusion method concentrated of 50%; 25%; and 12,5%, while dilution method with concentrated of 50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,12%; 1,56%; 3,12%; 1,56%; 0,78%; 0,39%; 0,19%; and 0,09%. The positive control used cotrimoxazole and negative control used 5% of DMSO. The results showed have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The largest diameter of inhibitory zone was ethyl acetate at concentration of 50% with mean inhibition zone is 19,33 mm. the most active fraction of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 is the ethyl acetate fraction, so it was followed by dilution methode and the result of Minimum Killing Concentration is 12,5%. Keywords : Cassava, fractinations, antibacterial, diffusion, dilution.


Eosinophilic fascitis (EF) (synonyms: Shulman's syndrome, diffuse fascitis with eosinophilia) is a disease characterized by a complex set of symptoms with scleroderma‐like skin lesions, the absence of Raynaud's phenomenon and other non‐mandatory symptoms including eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypergammaglobulinemia and high levels of circulating immune complexes. EF is probably not a separate disease entity, but an acute variant of localized scleroderma. This rare disease of unknown etiology is usually seen in middle‐aged adults. Sclerodermiform indurations without Raynaud's symptoms develop rapidly usually on the extremities and more rarely on the trunk or the face. The skin becomes hard, tightly bound to the underlying structures, so that contractures can develop in as little as a few weeks. The course of the disease is usually chronic but spontaneous remission is possible. Standard therapy includes high doses of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate, cyclosporin A, cyclophosphamide or azathioprine and others such as psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation.


The weakness of this study is its superficiality. With the exception of Bolivia, there is almost no attempt to relate party programs and policies to contemporary social and economic conditions. The reader is given a 250-page discussion of groups and leaders and their political behavior at various points in time. I suspect the author is well aware of the work's limitations and I cannot help but agree that, despite them, the book deserves recognition as an important contribution to our understanding of a frustrated but potentially significant faction of the Latin American revolutionary left.


New correlations for conversions between ASTM D86 distillations, true boiling point (TBP) distillations and simulated (gas chromatographic) distillations (SD) have been derived. In the development of these conversions, an extensive bank of experimental data was compiled, both published and contributed by industry. Accurate interconversion of various common petroleum fraction distillations has become more important in recent years as government environmental regulations mandate certain petroleum product specifications. Most notably, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations, to take effect in 1996, specify a maximum ASTM D86 90% point of 290 F. These correlations for converting data are more accurate than other methods.


This report deals in applications of ceramics in machining several kinds of work material and it is divided into three major parts : (1) Types of failure and wear process. In this chapter it will be discussed what kinds of failure will take place on the flank and the face of cutting tools and how it will increase. (2) Applicability of the tool life equation. With brittle tool materials such as carbide and ceramic tools, the relationship between the tool life T and the cutting speed V can not be expressed by a single line on the so-called V-T diagram. It has been clarified in this chapter that such a phenomenon is caused by the presence of the welded fragments on the cutting edge at low cutting speeds and heat shock at high cutting speeds. Thereupon the numerical values with the cutting conditions have been obtained theoretically and experimentally. (3) Applicability of ceramic tools in machining. Firstly reliability of several kinds of ceramic tools has been revealed experimentally. As a result, it has been verified that the smaller the transverse rupture strength and the higher the cutting speed, the variance of the tool life becomes the higher. Secondly the applicability of ceramic tools in machining steels has been discussed from the viewpoint of tool life. The results could reveal that the ceramic cutting tool would show a good cutting performance for high carbon steels and free machining steels in comparison with the carbide and TiC base cermet tools.


1 Introduction Long wh-movement is a phenomenon by which an element appears to move directly from an A-or A-position to a higher A-destination, ignoring weak island constraints and bypassing the intermediate landing sites that are characteristic of successive-cyclic wh-movement. Cinque (1990) gives some examples of the contrast between long and successive-cyclic wh-movements, illustrating the long-distance variety's immunity to weak island effects (the (a) examples show successful long movement, and the (b) examples show failure of long movement because the moved element requires successive-cyclic movement): (1) Extraposition Island (= Cinque (1990:2), ex. (7)) a. To whom is it time to speak t? b. *How is it time to behave t? (2) Factive Island (= Cinque (1990:2), ex. (6)) a. To whom do you regret that you could not speak t? b. *How do you regret that you behaved t? These data indicate that some sort of island-defying movement is available in certain instances and/or to certain elements. This paper focuses on the properties of long-movement itself, leaving the issue of which elements may participate in this phenomenon for future research. For present purposes, it is sufficient to note that Cinque (1990) and Chung (1994, 1998) notice that only certain DPs are eligible to participate in a long-movement operation. Cinque argues that the moved element in a long-movement construction must be " referen-tial. " In Cinque's terminology, this is a DP " that refer[s] to specific members of a preestab-lished set " (Cinque 1990:8). It is D-linked (Pesetsky 1987), and, unlike non-referential DPs, it can enter into coreference relationships. Chung points out some deficiencies with this proposal , but it is a sufficient working analysis for now. I return to this issue in the conclusion. 1 Further, Cinque's formal notions of antecedent government and binding have quite different incarnations in the Minimalist Program (Chomksy 1999). For example, antecedent government, whose role is to enforce strict locality in successive-cyclic movement, is superseded by the Phase Impenetrability Condition. Antecedent government is consequently discarded in Minimalism. With the theoretical advances of Minimalist syntax, Cinque's ideas merit new scrutiny and revision. I discuss this topic in more detail in Section 7 and, with respect to Minimalism and long movement generally, immediately below. As I show in Section 2, there is strong evidence that long wh-movement does indeed bypass the typical stopping-off points that characterize ordinary wh-movement. A DP that undergoes long wh-movement appears to move directly …


The first is my conviction that the exchange of products of cultural creativity sustains the life of a human community and gives temporary meaning to our pursuit of a better, more sophisticated and more complete experience of reality. Each and every individual needs to pursue meaning within overlapping cultural frameworks, ones that sparkle – even if deceptively – with the thrilling beauty of our living present, the better to resist the grip of banality.


Abstract An evolutionary view of socio‐economic systems is elaborated. The concept of path‐dependent processes and the role of evolutionary theory in social science is reviewed. A particular evolutionary perspective, that of 'general evolutionary theory,' is outlined. Autocatalytic processes and hierarchies, as well as biological on 'general evolutionary theory,' is presented. The paper concludes with a research proposal for further studies of socio‐economic organization.


Accidental deaths are contributing a large percent to the total death caused in India throughout the year. There are various types of reasons of accidental deaths. One of the most common is deaths due to road accidents. Different systems are being developed to prevent accidents. We also here have made such an effort by designing a system that will be useful to avoid conditions causing accidents. In this system we have thought of tracking vehicle so as the user get the position of the vehicle & if in case accident occur emergency services can reach the destination as fast as possible. Thus during designing we have kept in mind to give facilities of both i.e. prevention & remedial services too. While making blueprint of the system we thought of using four sensors namely alcohol, gas & fire sensors. To manage the operations of system we have chosen Atmega16 microcontroller & also GPS &GSM modules in addition. 1. IndexTerms Microcontroller Atmega16, GPS, GSM, gas sensor, alcohol sensor, fire sensor, vehicle tracking.


The use of an Yb/sup 3+/-fibre host laser when intracavity pumping a distributed feedback erbium fibre laser is demonstrated. Compared with direct 980 nm pumping of the same DFB laser, a three-fold increase in output power is obtained.


Within the larger category of epigrams referring to the theatre and the even wider family of epigrams focussing on literature and its practitioners, five epigrams turn to the mask: Asclepiades 27 Gow–Page = AP 6.308; Callimachus 26 G–P = AP 6.310 and 27 G–P = AP 6.311; and Dioscurides 22 G–P = AP 7.37 and 23 G–P = AP 7.707. Marco Fantuzzi has recently discussed the 'theatrical' epigrams as a subset of 'an entire Hellenistic vogue for epigrams on great literary figures of the past'.1 This vogue was certainly akin to 'contemporary projects of literary classification',2 which stemmed from an impulse to celebrate, but more importantly to master, control and eventually assert oneself over the daunting achievements of the past. The focus of the present paper is more specific: the five epigrams catalogued above will be considered expressly in reference to the presence of the mask. I shall attempt (a) to account for this presence in literary terms, i.e. to show what the mention of the mask does for the epigram in question; and (b) to demonstrate the degree of familiarity with the conventions of post-classical theatre that the epigrammatists take for granted. Finally, focussing more specifically on Dioscurides, I shall examine possible points of intersection between the epigram as verbal and the mask as visual monument.3 This will usher in the broader historical question: why was the mask attractive to the epigrammatist? Let us begin with the Callimachus and Asclepiades epigrams. All three of these epigrams, obviously literary, refer to dedications of masks. In all cases, though, I shall argue, the dedication seems to have gone awry and the mask is used in order to promote a whimsical programme of debunking. It is only fitting for such a widely popular feature of theatre to take centre stage in what I understand to be a triplet of intricately connected, wonderfully playful epigrams. Ironically, it is precisely the mask's positive value as one of the commonest metonymies of theatre in the 494


New audio-visual media is growing in market share.If the access of poor quality,the satisfaction in customer is declined.Firstly,the key businesses monitoring oriented on customers is introduced,and then the key indicators which can affect the quality of access for the core business is discussed.The business monitoring based on these indicators can improve efficiently the satisfyingness of the customer,and be able to promote the standardization of operation and maintenance.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Flupentixol and Melitracen in treating non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients accompanied with depression.Methods 76 NSCLC patients with depression were randomly divided into exprimental group (n=38) and control group (n=38).Both groups received NP chemotherapy,but the control group took 0.2 g of vitamine C (2 tablets) orally 30 min after breakfast every day and the experimental group took 1 mg of Flupentixol and 20 mg of Melitracen every day.The SDS,the QLQ-CCC and KPS rating scales were used 21 and 42 d before and after treatment to assess depression and life quality of the patients.Results There was no significant difference in SDS,QLQ-CCC and KPS rating scales between the 2 groups with comparability before treatment (P0.05);but SDS scores of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.01) 21 and 42 d after treatment,and 42 d after treatment,all rating scores of SDS,QLQ-CCC and KPS increased significantly(P0.05).Conclusion Flupentixol and Melitracen can obviously improve the depressive state and life quality of the patients with NSCLC.


meaningful measurement: Rasch analysis of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011;53:535–542. 17. Servais L, Deconinck N, Moraux A, et al. Innovative methods to assess upper limb strength and function in nonambulant Duchenne patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:139–148. 18. Mayhew A, Mazzone ES, Eagle M, et al. Development of the performance of the upper limb module for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2013;55:1038– 1045. 19. Henricson E, Abresch R, Han JJ, et al. The 6-minute walk test and person-reported outcomes in boys with duchenne muscular dystrophy and typically developing controls: longitudinal comparisons and clinically-meaningful changes over one year. PLoS Curr 2013;5 20. Ferlini A, Flanigan KM, Lochmuller H, et al. 204th ENMC International Workshop on Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 24–26 January 2014, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2015;25: 184–198. 21. Anthony K, Arechavala-Gomeza V, Ricotti V, et al. Biochemical characterization of patients with in-frame or out-of-frame DMD deletions pertinent to exon 44 or 45 skipping. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:32–40. 22. Anthony K, Arechavala-Gomeza V, Taylor LE, et al. Dystrophin quantification: biological and translational research implications. Neurology 2014;83:2062–2069. 23. Beekman C, Sipkens JA, Testerink J, et al. A sensitive, reproducible and objective immunofluorescence analysis method of dystrophin in individual fibers in samples from patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2014;9:e107494. 24. Ricotti V, Ridout DA, Pane M, et al. The NorthStar ambulatory assessment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: considerations for the design of clinical trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (in press).


In January 2020, the world was surprised by the circulation of a new virus that scientists call zoonotic, that is, that can be transmitted from animals to humans. The first reported cases of Covid-19, a disease caused by this new virus, occurred in late 2019 and originated in Wuhan province, China. The exponential increase in cases has led the World Health Organization to declare the situation as a pandemic, prompting governments around the world to take protective measures to control transmission. This essay proposes to provoke a reflection about the general situation of the Covid-19 pandemic in the country and about certain measures and attitudes already adopted by the government and society in its fight. The methodological approach used was qualitative, and started from a bibliographic research to survey academic articles and documents in general that deal with the topic addressed. The selected material was read from a critical analytical perspective.


Objective To evaluate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with hyperuricemia and relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome.Methods In 82 patients with hyperuricemia(HUA group),body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,and fasting plasm glucose(FPG),plasm lipid,and index of liver function were measured.269 cases without hyperuricemia were the control group.Results(1)The levels of the BMI,plasm total cholesterol and plasm triglyceride were markedly elevated(26.36±2.39 vs 25.29±2.77,P0.05;5.41±1.37 vs 4.84±1.18,P0.05;2.47±1.76 vs 1.88±1.40,P0.01),and the levels of highdensity lipoprotein were markedly decreased(1.51±0.27 vs 1.62±0.45,P0.05) in HUA group compared with the control group.(2)In HUA group,dyslipidaemia was presented in 71.95%,central obesity in 67.06% and metabolic syndrome in 42.68%,those markers were markedly elevated than in the control group(43.87%,54.64%,and 27.88%).(3)According to compositions of metabolic syndrome,351 cases were divided into four groups,MS0 group(including none composition of metabolic syndrome),MS1 group(including one composition of metabolic syndrome),MS2 group(including two compositions of metabolic syndrome) and MS group(metabolic syndrome group),levels of the plasm uric acid were markedly increased in MS group(397.26±84.24,110cases)and MS2 group(374.72±71.40,101cases) than in MS1 group(351.82±75.08,87cases)and MS0 group(327.96±78.39,47cases)(P0.01) ,and were markedly increased in MS group than in MS2 group(P0.05).Conclusion Hyperuricemia may be considered a dangerous factor of the metabolic syndrome.


Evaluation of administrative supervision effectiveness is a new field.The study on this issue has important theory value and realistic significance in intensifying the theoretical research of administrative supervision,identifying the strategic objectives of administrative supervision and practically improving the practice effects of administrative supervision.To preliminarily build up a comparatively systematic evaluation system of administrative supervision effect and lay a solid foundation for the practice.The article respectively discusses the following six processes in detail,the basic requirements,the procedures,the subject constitutes,the index system,the evaluating method and the institution design of constructing the evaluation system of administrative supervision effectiveness.


Background:
 The perioperative period has been an increasingly noticed and salient issue for both clinicians and institutions and especially length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU-LOS) after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to design a specific ICU-LOS risk model based on the euroSCORE preoperative factors utilizing modeling strategies for time-to-event data.

 Methods:
 From Jan '04 to Jan '10 data on 3263 consecutive heart surgery patients were prospectively collected. ICU length of stay was analyzed as a time-to-event variable in a competing risks framework with death as the competing risk. Covariate effect on the cumulative incidence function was modeled using pseudo-values from a jackknife of the non-parametric estimate of the crude cumulative incidence.

 Results:
 Median ICU-LOS was one day and the 3rd quartile was 2 days. All euroSCORE factors were included in the final reduced model except gender, post-infarct septal rupture, unstable angina and recent myocardial infarction due to lack of significance in the initial model. The relative risk (RR) of discharge ranged from 0.35 to 0.90. In the final model, critical preoperative state (RR 0.33), emergent operation (RR 0.35), left ventricular dysfunction (RR 0.42) and serum creatinine >200 μMol/L (RR 0.49) had the largest weight on ICU discharge probability. Effect of predictor was often time-dependent and RR tended to increase towards 1.0, reflecting a progressive reduction of their weight on ICU-LOS (figure).

 Conclusions:
 Most of the euroSCORE variables were demonstrated to be independent predictors of ICU-LOS and were used to develop a dynamic ICU prediction model through competing risks analysis.


Using immunohistochemical technique to detect the Ezrin expression in 36 cases tissue of HCC acquired from ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, 45 cases tissue of HCC and 12 cases of adjacent tumor tissues acquired from operation in hepatobiliary surgery. The test show that Ezrin positive rates in the ultrasound-guided and the resectional group were significant higher than the adjacent tumor tissues. Ezrin positive rate in both groups were closely related with the tumor size and PVTT. Ezrin positive rate was correlated with histologic grade of HCC in resectional group but not in ultrasound-guided group. Therefore Ezrin play a important role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC. Ezrin gene expression in ultrasound-guided HCC biopsy tissues has a similar meaning with it in resection HCC specimen.


Expressions of the parallel and perpendicular temperature-dependent particle-number projected nuclear moment of inertia have been established by means of a discrete projection method. They generalize that of the FTBCS method and are well adapted to numerical computation. The effects of particle-number fluctuations have been numerically studied for some even-even actinide nuclei by using the single-particle energies and eigenstates of a deformed Woods-Saxon mean field. It has been shown that the parallel moment of inertia is practically not modified by the use of the projection method. In contrast, the discrepancy between the projected and FTBCS perpendicular moment of inertia values may reach 5%. Moreover, the particle-number fluctuation effects vary not only as a function of the temperature but also as a function of the deformation for a given temperature. This is not the case for the system energy.


Reducing the use of energy is important for several reasons, such as saving money and reducing impact on the climate. However, the awareness among non-experts of how much energy is required by diff ...


An experimental system consisting of pressure transducers, data acquisition card, computer and electric spark ignition device was set up to study the premixed flammable gas cloud explosion in a space with semi-spherical shaped grate obstructions. The tested gas mixture was acetylene/air of a fuel concentration 13.3%. The radii of gas cloud in experiments ranged from 0.25m to 1.25m, and the radii of obstructions 0.1m and 0.3m, in which the bar grating width varied from 15mm to 60mm, and the interspaced ratio was from 20% to 75%. Based on a multi-energy model as well as the experimental data regression and deviation analysis, a fitting formula has been obtained to relate the cloud deflagration pressure to the cloud radius, the distance from ignition point, the obstruction characteristics and the laminar burning speed of mixture. The results of deviation analysis shows that the fitting formula is effective on a higher confidence level.


My purpose in this talk is to discuss how some present ideas of ribosome function developed. This involves a few anecdotes about the early days of ribosome research, about 10 years ago. Then ribosomes were just ceasing to be a laboratory curiosity. They had been observed as peaks in the ultracentrifuge (31), and pulse-labeling experiments had already shown that ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in living cells (2, 16). The particles had begun to be purified by Tissieres and Watson (38), and it had become a feasible research project for a Ph.D candidate, like me, to get each size class of ribosome pure, measure the molecular weights, and do some other standard measurements. It even seemed feasible to try to study their function in extracts, for studies on amino acid incorporation had already shown that ribosomes in extracts are again the sites of protein synthesis.


This article describes the structure and equipment composition of the precision plate type filter. Through production practice and scientific researches for many years,the selection of diatom earth,activated argil and adhesive bonded fabric has become more and more reasonable and the operation and maintenance of the filter have been well regulated with the result that precision filtration of the rolling coolant is guaranteed and the surface quality of the strip much improved.


The study on the engineering effect on the soft soil roadbed with the treatment of dry jet mixing piles based on the experimental section of highway around one city is accomplished.The results show that because of the strengthening of dry jet mixing piles the vertical displacement and the lateral displacement of soft siol roadbed obviously reduce and the stability of soft soil roadbed is enhanced.So the dry jet mixing piles adapt to reinforcing the saturated soft soil roadbed,especially reinforcing bridge head soft roadbed.


The modern industry control systems are of the characteristics of nonlinear and time-varying,and the it is difficult using traditional PID controller parameter optimization method to establish the precise mathematical model for the PLC control system,and the control effects are not ideal.The using the nonlinear and self-learning ability of RBF neural network,the paper proposed a PID parameter optimization algorithm based on particle swarm neural network,and applied it in PLC control system.The test results show that particle swarm neural network can improve the PID control parameter optimization speed,and obtain the global optimal PID parameters,thus improve the reliability of PLC control system and robustness,and has certain theoretical and practical value.


Thermoplastic nylon denture is a denture that has flexibilitybetter than denture acrylic resin. Thermoplastic nylon is higroscopic, however, that can accelerate the growth of microbes, including Candida albicans, thus growing form plaque and cause denture denture stomatitis in denture wearer. Chitosan with high molecular weight are fungistatik being able to change the permeability of the membrane walls of microbes and osmotic balance internal. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of high molecular weight chitosan on the growth of Candidaalbicans in denture thermoplasticnylon. Reseachis done at 40 discsthermoplasticnylonwith dilutionmethod. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of 10 discs. Group Iwas control group soaked in 0.1% acetic acid 0.1% , group "


Formant tracking has been an intensively studied topic in speech research. In the work reported in this paper formants and their tracks are used for analyzing and modifying the spectral content of speech. The algorithm is based on linear prediction (LP) analysis, on finding the roots of the all-pole filter, and on a constraint-based mapping between poles, formants and formant tracks. Formant frequency and bandwidth information can be obtained from the poles assigned to formants. The main advantage of this method is its accuracy: the results are considerable even with minimal input and it can be improved significantly by providing additional information. With the ability to modify the extracted formant tracks and to re-synthesize speech, it allows a wide range of applications: a visual tool for educational purposes was implemented and the described method was successfully used to conduct an extensive formant analysis for Hungarian vowels.