Whilst the aged care industry is in the throes of a Productivity Commission review and is awaiting recommendations for major reform, it is not a time to lose sight of the need to attract and retain more health professionals to accommodate the growing demand for health care services for the aged.


With the development of cell media,bilingual news is playing an increasingly significant role in information communication.Texts on mobile news takes authenticity,precision,terseness as its features which decide that the translation of such texts should be different from that of other texts.Translation variation theory is a new means to guide English translation of Chinese mobile news.The appropriate adaptation strategies include deletion,edition,remodeling and reduction.The purpose of adaptating is to make translated versions better meet the needs of readers and realize news' effective transmission.


Simulation modeling was used to investigate the impact of weather on the bioenergetics of breeding and postbreeding American woodcock (Scolopax minor). Using air temperature and precipitation as inputs, the model calculates the daily energy requirements of an adult female woodcock and chicks along with the availabilty of their primary food, earthworms (Lumbricidae). Energetics were modeled from previous studies on woodcock and related species. Earthworm availability was modeled from field data collected in northern Michigan. Results suggest that the greatest potential for weather-related stress on woodcock occurs during the brood-rearing period, with nesting being the 2nd most critical time' When simulated earthworm availability during the brood period was compared with reproductive success data, it indicated that the impact of spring weather on earthworm availability is a significant factor affecting chick survival. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 47(3):762-771 Weather patterns are known to affect woodcock behavior and extremes are a suspected cause of mortality. Studies have shown that cold spring temperatures cause a decline in singing male activity (Duke 1966) and that temperature and wind in combination affect the timing of spring and fall migrations (Sheldon 1971, Godfrey 1974, Coon 1977). However, little is known about the influence of weather on mortality, largely because of the difficulty in finding woodcock and determining the cause of death. Mendall and Aldous (1943) reported instances of nest losses and adult mortality on the breeding grounds following an extended period of inclement weather, and Sheldon (1971) and Owen (1977) believed adverse weather during incubation and brood-rearing can cause significant chick mortality. Earthworms, which comprise 60-90% of the woodcock diet (Aldous 1939, Sperry 1940, Glasgow 1958, Sheldon 1971), are also affected by weather. Reproduction and growth rates have been shown to decline outside an optimal temperature range (Evans and Guild 1948, Satchell 1955). More important to woodcock, however, is the strong influence that soil moisture and temperature have on earthworm activ ty and vertical distribution in the soil. When conditions near the surface become suboptimal, earthworms respond by either migrating deeper in the soil or entering a state of aestivation (Guild 1948, Reynolds and Jordan 1975, Edwards and Lofty 1977) and become unavailable to feeding woodcock. Our objective was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects that weather can have on woodcock energetics and to identify periods of greatest potential impact. Because of the inherent difficulties in gathering field data, simulation modeling was used to examine the relationship between energy requirements of woodcock and food availability. We thank D. Beaver and G. Dudderar, Michigan State University, and C. BenMichigan Agricultural Experiment Station Paper 10251. 2 Present address: School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. 762 J. Wildl. Manage. 47(3):1983 This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 06:01:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms WOODCOCK BIOENERGETICS * Rabe et al. 763 nett, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank J. Tautin, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for supplying detailed harvest reports for Michigan. This work was supported by the Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service contract 14-16-00082092, and the Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station.


The time-invariable models would suffer to give a clearer description to the relationship between exchange rate and trade flows. Therefore, the growing strand of literature has failed to reach a consensus. This study aims to contribute to this discussion by employing not only nonlinear model to capture the asymmetric effect, but also to detect the time frequencies and explore the lead-lag relations between real exchange rate and trade balance between Libya and its major trade partner 'Turkey' by applying both NARDL and wavelet coherence approaches, using monthly data spanning January 2013 to December 2020, selected based on data availability. The findings disclose that trade balance responds to the real exchange rate asymmetrically. The asymmetric effect is skewed more in the negative direction, as the impact of negative change is significant and greater than the positive change in long run. While the oil price shocks positively impact trade balance, economic policy uncertainty negatively affects trade balance. The wavelet coherence analysis indicates that real exchange rate and economic policy uncertainty are lagging in trade balance, while oil price leads trade balance. Among various other policy suggestions, we recommend that stable exchange rate through the intervention in the foreign exchange market will promote the trade balance at the end.


【Objective】 Spr2 and LePrs were related with JA synthesis,the effects of the two genes on the response of tomato to root-knot nematodes were studied.【Method】 In this paper,JA biosynthetic mutant(spr2 plants) and JA-overexpression transgenic plants(35S::PS plants) of tomato as well as wild tomato species(CM) were used,and the effects of MeJA sprays and grafting on root-knot numbers,PI-Ⅱ content and Spr2,LePrs transcription levels,before and after inoculating root-knot nematodes,were analyzed.【Result】 Compared with CM and 35S::PS plants,spr2 plants was more susceptible to root-knot nematodes.Spraying MeJA on tomato leaves could reduce root-knot numbers.Using 35S::PS plants as stock improved grafting tomato resistance to root-knot nematodes.【Conclusion】 Resistance to nematodes in JA biosynthetic mutant(with mutant Spr2) was reduced,while in JA-overexpression transgenic tomato(with over-expressing LePrs) it was increased.So Jasmonic acid played a role in the response of tomato to root-knot nematodes.


The modern logistics in our country began in the later of 90ths last centrury. The fast developing national economy, the basic installations building in change with each passing day, the unite of the change in policy and the technological standard, external restriction, etc, make the new vitality for modern logistics development and create better environment. The modern logistics has become the hot spot in the economic development and investment, has become the locomotive for making modern economy. The modern Jogistics has been put in the important developing place. It will be the springtime of the fast developing logistics.


In the article some features of designing and construction, experimental-and-theoretical researches of structures of the multifunctional underground complex (public shopping center with parking on the Independence sq. in Minsk) are considered


In order to improve the reliability and safety of the tower crane,tower crane operator high-altitude problem solving,intelligent remote control crane,with the help of the embedded technology,research and design of a tower crane remote control system based on embedded intelligent.System is divided into processor and wireless controller of two parts,PC machine is provided by wireless controller display real-time operation of tower crane and working parameters of information to the crane operator,also located in the tower crane on the processor receives the controller to send commands through the drive interface circuit,control tower crane operation.The crane operator keep away from the scene,the safety and automation has been greatly improved,reducing safety accidents.


Abstract Challenges created by colonial policies have created a range of negative impacts on the health and well-being of First Nations, Mtis and Inuit (FNMI) youth. Research examining leadership programming for FNMI youth has begun to demonstrate positive impacts. Participatory evaluation aligns with the philosophy of leadership programming and has the potential to promote multiple benefits for the youth and community within FNMI context. The purpose of this research was to implement a participatory evaluation examining youth-led community events within a leadership program for FNMI youth. The data was collected using methods based on youth participatory evaluation principles and Photovoice practices including capacity building, stakeholder analysis, photo exploration and utilization-focused activities. A thematic analysis was used to examine the data and five themes were identified: (a) fun and fulfilling to engage the children, (b) positive outcomes for youth leaders, (c) community impacts, (d) challenges and (e) opportunities for improvement. This study applies a novel approach that combines Youth Participatory Evaluation and Photovoice to examine a youth leadership program for FNMI youth. The procedures and the results regarding program impacts and implementation issues are relevant for research and evaluation in programming for FNMI youth, as well other youth-led programs. Keywords: Leadership; Youth engagement; Positive youth development; Program evaluation; Indigenous; Aboriginal


Barium silicate glass powders 4 h milled in CO2 and Ar and sintered in air are studied with microscopy, total carbon analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction mass spectroscopy (VHE‐MS), Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (TOF−SIMS). Intensive foaming of powder compacts is evident, and VHE studies prove that foaming is predominantly caused by carbonaceous species for both milling gases. DTA shows that the decomposition of BaCO3 particles mix‐milled with glass powders occurs at similar temperatures as foaming of compacts. However, no carbonate at the glass surface could be detected by FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TOF−SIMS after heating to the temperature of sintering. Instead, CO2 molecules unable to rotate identified by FTIR spectroscopy after milling, probably trapped by mechanical dissolution into the glass bulk. Such a mechanism or microencapsulation in cracks and particle aggregates can explain the contribution of Ar to foaming after intense milling in Ar atmosphere. The amount of CO2 molecules and Ar, however, cannot fully explain the extent of foaming. Carbonates mechanically dissolved beneath the surface or encapsulated in cracks and micropores of particle aggregates are therefore probably the major foaming source.


. Phosphorylation on tyrosine residues is recognized as an important mechanism for connecting extracellular stimuli to cellular events and defines a variety of physiological responses downstream of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. To date, very few protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have been shown to associate with GPCRs and little is known about their role in GPCR signaling. In an attempt to discover potential cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor (CysLT 1 R)-interacting proteins, we identified protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP ε ) in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Since both proteins are closely linked to asthma, their association was further investigated. Using a HEK-293 cell line stably transfected with the receptor (HEK-LT1) as well as human primary monocytes, we found that PTP ε co-localized with CysLT 1 R in both resting and leukotriene D4 (LTD 4 )-stimulated cells. Co-transfection of HEK-LT1 with PTP ε had no effect on CysLT 1 R expression or LTD 4 -induced internalisation, but inhibited LTD 4 -induced CXC chemokine 8 (CXCL8) promoter transactivation, protein expression and secretion. Moreover, reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not of p38 or JNK1/2 MAPKs, was observed upon LTD 4 stimulation of HEK-LT1 co-expressing cytosolic (cyt-) PTP ε , but not receptor (R) PTP ε . The increased interaction of cyt-PTP ε and ERK1/2 after LTD 4 stimulation was shown by co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and CXCL8 secretion were found in LTD 4 -stimulated human monocytes transfected with PTP ε -specific siRNAs adding support to a regulatory/inhibitory role of PTP ε in CysLT 1 R signaling. Given that the prevalence of severe asthma is increasing, the identification of PTP ε as a new potential therapeutic target may be of interest. CXCL8 monocytes, time-dependent between ERK1/2 and cyt-PTP ε upon 4 HEK-LT1 cells the substrate-trapping mutant of the phosphatase. the RPTP ε substrate-trapping of LTD 4 ERK1/2 phosphorylation in presence of cyt-PTP expression LTD 4 ERK1/2 phosphorylation CXCL8 expression in primary monocytes, Our results suggest that PTP ε may be important in inflammatory processes modulated by cys-LTs and an understanding of the interaction of CysLT 1 R and PTP ε , both being associated with asthma, may further define their involvement in this disease and potentially provide a novel therapeutic target.


The article outlines the key criteria, main directions and problems of ensuring successful implementation of intrapreneurial strategies by Ukrainian enterprises through adaptation of the EU experience. The necessity of ensuring innovative entrepreneurship development by Ukrainian companies using intrapreneurial strategies, allowing forming of sustainable competitive advantage on the base of leadership, high level of corporate ethics, lifelong learning, participatory management, use of optimal motivation mechanism and creating integrated communication system was grounded.


The algorithm for solving the three-dimensional non-steady Navier-Stokes equations by the explicit forward Euler method is shown and the Galerkin finite element formulation is presented. As a numerical example, an entrace flow in a square duct is illustrated.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO AN ELEMENT CLAMP, ESPECIALLY A NUT TENSION HYDRAULIC AXIAL ASSEMBLY OF TWO PARTS OR PARTS OF MACHINES, ESPECIALLY FOR A COLLET CHUCK 3 AND 1 WITH A HOUSING 8 SHAPED CROWN A MONTE A WORKPIECE OR PART MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE ROOM FILLED PRESSURE HYDRAULIC AND AGENT PREPARED IN THE CASE WITH A SCREW MAY pENETRATE BY TIGHTENING IN THIS ROOM WITH SPACE PRESSURE HAS RING IN THE BOX AND CONNECTED TO THE CHAMBER PRESSURE IN WHICH A PISTON RING 15 MOUNTED ON THE OTHER PART OR ON THE OTHER PART OF THE MACHINE CAN SLIDE aXIALLY. FOR PRODUCING A TIGHTENING LIVE FROM TWO PARTS PARTS OR ALL MACHINES ARE EXPECTED IN THE ELEMENT OF TIGHTENING HIMSELF A HOUSING AND A PISTON RING 15 HAVING SURFACES TIGHTENING 17, 18, dIRECTED TOWARDS THE INTERIOR AND ONE ON OTHER, cOOPERATING EACH PARTY OF PI ECE OR MACHINE, AND AN AREA OF PRESSURE HOUSING, PISTON RING, AND COMPLY WITH ASSEMBLY SO THAT INCREASE PRESSURE DRIVEN MOVEMENT ON TIGHTENING SURFACE 17, 18 ONE ON THE OTHER.


In this paper we address the problem of computing the point correspondences in a reference and subsequent image undergoing an orthogonal, affine, projective, or curved transformation with the aim to register the images. A whole image content based automatic algorithm for extracting point pairs from 2D monomodal medical images is presented. The selection of the most distinctive points from the reference image and the search for their pairs in the subsequent image have two things in common. First, the local operator by which the distinctive points are defined mimics the template matching used to find the point pairs. Second, the same similarity measure is used for both tasks. The results showed that the proposed automatic algorithm for point extraction is accurate and robust. Besides the efficient error handling, the algorithm has the capability to weight each pair according to the distinctiveness of the control point in the reference image, the similarity of the regions which surround the paired points, and the geometric consistency of the registered paired points.


In this paper Genetic Algorithm based clustering Algorithm has been studied for pattern recognition. The searching capability of genetic algorithms is exploited in order to search for appropriate/optimal cluster as well as cluster's center in the feature space such that inter-cluster distance (Homogeneity) and intra-cluster distances (Separation) are optimized. We use H-S ratio for computation of fitness function. We use Anderson's IRIS data to illustrate our method. We have implemented six clustering algorithm (k-means, Hierarchical, GLVQ, SOM, FCM and GA-based clustering algorithm) and compare clustering accuracy using IRIS data.


The effects of different types,different concentrations of plant growth regulator combinations on callus subculture cell growth were studied in this paper.The subculture mediums of Catharanthus roseus callus were designed by orthogonal test,and callus was subcultured quartic,respectively.The results showed that callus grew rapidly and loosely,took on graininess with maximum water,and was no browning.The best medium for subculture was MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L +2,4-D 0.5ml/L + Vc 20mg/L.Hence,screening different levels of hormones by orthogonal test could optimize the conditions of subculture mediums to gain best materials for suspension cell culture.


Alexis De Tocqueville incorporated into his definition of modern democracy the concrete social and economic features of early-nineteenth-century democratic societies, including the rudimentary degree of education, the unsophisticated technology, and the lack of extensive occupational specialization. His idea of democracy was premised on a permanent forestalling of modern industrialization and its social consequences. From this premise, he deduced practically all of the book's major predictions, warnings, and prescriptions for modern democratic societies. In the end, the interesting question is not how Tocqueville could have been so prescient about the shape of modern society - he was not - but how the near-sighted predictions he set forth in Democracy in America came to be construed by modern scholars as vindicated prophecies.


The equilibrium properties of intense hollow relativistic electron beams are investigated within the framework of a macroscopic cold-fluid model. The electron beam propagates parallel to a uniform magnetic guide field B0êz and is partially charge neutralized and partially current neutralized by a background plasma. In circumstances where the axial velocity profile of the beam is uniform (βz=const.) and the angular velocity profile ω(r) is a known function of r, it is shown that all other equilibrium properties (e.g., self-field profiles and beam density profile) can be calculated in closed form. Specific examples of diamagnetic and paramagnetic beam equilibria are discussed.


Molecular variations are incorporated in a triphenylamine-thiophene monomer to direct the polymerization and structure of electro-active polymer electrodes. When methyl groups are inserted at the 4-position of tris(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amine, electropolymerization occurs solely at the 5-position resulting in a polymer electrode with enhanced Faradaic charge storage over an expanded potential range.


This paper introduces the basic techniques of the treatments for fluoride wastewater,and according to the sources of inorganic fluoride wastewater,probes into their treatment measures.


The paper describes how, in the first few weeks of each semester, the architecture students and faculty at Philadelphia University participate in a Survivor Competition. Inspired by the campy show where contestants battle the elements and each other for a million dollars, Survivor Studio pits teams of design students and faculty against each other to accumulate points in a variety of physical, intellectual and design challenges. Geared towards heightening the students' respect for natural systems, understanding of indigenous cultures and the poetic potential for sustainable technologies, the challenges attempt to develop relationships with the students' non‐design studio curriculum. This included a game show on the history of architecture, the reading and interpretation of a novel called Ishmael: An Adventure of the Mind and Spirit, and a research documentation project focused on sustainable architecture and technologies developed by indigenous cultures. Physical challenges included scavenger hunts around campus that highlighted strategy, teamwork and knowledge/sensitivity to local environments. The main challenge for the students was to design a small community that could sustain the team without food or power or any supplies for one year. It elaborates on the ideas, pedagogical concepts, teaching strategies and eventual results of the Survivor Studio as a vehicle for exploring new and innovative ways to activate students' imagination, energy and innate knowledge about sustainable design.


Niobium is drawing attention as the principal material of superconductor. It has been used as an additive in steel for these about twenty years. In many well-known fields, Niobium is now beeing extensively used as industrial material.This paper is intended to introduce an outline of the raw materials, metallurgical processing, production and uses of Niobium based, as much as possible, upon statistical data.


This essay explores the relationship between library,education and social welfare,which prove to be closely connected in a system of humanities and social sciences.Based on this idea,the author puts forward the suggestions of public library development as probable solutions to the minimize the education gap.


The paper describes the behavior of a 1/8th scale model reinforced concrete beam to column joint under an impact load applied to the beam. The load is produced by a 1.68kg steel rod fired from an air gun with an impact velocity of either 8.9 m/s or 13.4 m/s. The column reactions were measured by foil electrical resistance strain gauges on 3 load cells. Similar strain gauges gave the incident and reflected stress pulse from which the impact load on the beam has been obtained. The deflections of the beam during the impact were recorded using moving coil linear displacement transducers. The measured behaviour of the joint under impact load has been compared with that of identical specimens under static load and with calculated values. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 853656.


This study examined 371 third and fourth grade students' fraction pictorial representations for evidence of whole number bias. Students exhibited difficulties in developing and using fractional representations. Four areas of whole number bias were identified in the students' representations; naming fractions, partitioning, comparing fractions, and developing equivalence. Introduction Many students struggle with the development of fraction understanding. Fractions, unlike whole numbers, describe a relationship instead of a discrete quantity (Smith, 2002; Van de Walle, 2004). Students' tendency to incorrectly use whole number schemes to interpret fractions is called "whole number bias" and often results in the development of fraction misconceptions (Ni & Zhou, 2005). As students seek to understand new concepts, they develop internal representations which become fundamental to how the students understand and use the new concepts (NCTM, 2000). Students' drawn pictorial representations serve as a reflection of students' internal understandings of a concept. The purpose of this study was to examine students' ability to develop and use correct pictorial fractional representations and to examine what the representations revealed about students' whole number biases. Theoretical Perspective and Review of the Literature Fractional Representations Representations are placeholders of thought which allow students to mentally work on and retain mathematical ideas (Woleck, 2001). Instruction of rational numbers for many students begins with the use of fraction pies and circles and drawing or "shading in" part-whole representations. These encourage students to make connections and develop abstractions of the concepts (van Garderen, 2006). However, students' internal representations are dynamic and although they may begin with the representations presented, students adapt and use the representations as organizational tools for their understandings (Whitin & Whitin, 2001). In this way representations become metaphors of a students' mathematical understandings (Abrams, 2001; Kiczek, Maher, & Speiser, 2001; Woleck, 2001). When students incorrectly apply misconceptions, representations can become pitfalls to student learning (Zazkis & Gadowsky, 2001). Students' representations are windows of their understanding which can be used to identify and understand students' misconceptions (Woleck, 2001). Whole Number Bias Whole numbers represent discrete quantities with one-to-one counting schemes. Whole number bias is "a robust tendency to use a single-unit counting scheme to interpret instructional data on fractions" (Ni & Zhou, 2005, p. 28). Examples of students' whole number bias are the belief that 1/5 is greater than 1/3 because 5 is greater than 3 or that 2/3 + 1/5 = 3/8. Typically, students, at first, attempt to use whole number schemes to understand fractions and tend to think of the digits in a fraction only as discrete numbers representing quantities. To develop fractional understanding, students' must develop the understanding that fractions are representations of the relationship between the magnitude of the parts and the whole (Hecht, Vagi, & Torgesen, 2007; Smith, 2002). Students who persist in whole number bias are limited in their development of fraction understanding (Ni & Zhou, 2005). The purpose of this study was to examine students' faction representations for evidence of whole number bias. This study was part of a larger research project comparing fraction instruction using textbased materials, physical manipulatives and virtual manipulatives. The results from the larger study indicated that there were no significant differences in overall achievement between the treatments using different manipulative types (Moyer-Packenham, Baker et al., 2013). This paper focuses on students' representations which were developed by students in response to the open-response questions of the pre-tests, post-tests and delayed post-test in the larger study. Methods The two research questions guiding the study were; 1) What portion of third and fourth grade students are able to create and use pictorial representation for fraction tasks?; and, 2) What do the representations reveal about students' whole number biases? Participants The participants in this study were 162 third-grade and 209 fourth-grade public school students from 17 classes in eight schools in two rural school districts. Forty-two percent of the students were of lower socio-economic status and 54% were female.


Pelvic malignant tumors recurrence are not uncommon,Locoregional pelvic recurrence represents a true failure of local treatment.These recurrences are difficult clinical situations and have been most often treated for palliation only,because they occur after maximum local treatment in the form of radical surgery and/or radical radiation therapy and are often associated with intractable pain,severe bleeding,fistula formation,and high risk of recurrences.This article will review the 125I radioactive seeds implantation in the treatment of recurrent malignant pelvic tumors.


in recent years, she emphasizes the overwhelming importance of Judaism for early Christianity's development, well into the second century, a point that is at least debatable. She tends to take materials presented in the Book of Acts as historically factual. She makes much of Augustine's defense of Old Testament sacrifices—without explaining that his justification appears in his antiManichean writings (especially in Against Faustus), in which he is desperate to rehabilitate every line of the Old Testament in the face of Manicheans' propensity to discard the whole lot as "unworthy" of their true Christianity. All said, this lively and intelligent book, with its clear argument and many felicitous turns of phrase, would be excellent reading for undergraduates and others whose field is not primarily early Christian studies. And for those for whom it is, Sin offers a good romp.


Climate models [1] show that the effects of climate change, e.g. sea surface temperature increase and ocean acidification, will be most intense at the poles. The Antarctic ecosystems are unique, due to both the environmental extremes and the circumpolar current which have biogeograpically isolated the Southern Ocean for ~40 million years [2]. However, the Antarctic ice sheet is rapidly retreating and so are the physical barriers that isolated the Antarctic for millennia [3]. Past geological periods of climate change [1] and present-day ecosystem models [4-6] suggest that marine invasions and extinctions will be very high at the poles: as the habitat available for marine species contract their biogeographic ranges shift towards the poles.


in an accommodating key with respect to the requests of the Protestant reformers." (p. 11) Foscarari took a similarly flexible position on emending the text of the Bible for publication. If Foscarari and Morone found common ground on many issues, they came to strong disagreement on the issue that nearly wrecked the council, the residence of bishops, and whether that obligation was understood as according to jus divinum and therefore not open to exemptions. Foscarari strongly supported the jus divinum interpretation as necessary for a real reform of the clergy, a position rejected by Morone.


ABSTRACT- This experiment was carried out during the growing seasons of 2010 and 2011 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Bu-Ali Sina University, to study the effect of weed competition on subsequent germination and seed vigour of chickpea. 12 weed interference durations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiments consisted of two sets of treatments. In the first set, the crop was kept weed-free until 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after sowing and in the second set, weeds were permitted to grow within the crop until 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after sowing. Results of the two year experiments showed that the traits germination index, germination rate, mean germination time, percentage of germination, abnormal seedling percentage and seedling dry weight were affected by different duration of weed interference. Thereafter, the maximum value of germination rate and the minimum value of mean germination time belonged to the full weed-free condition. The increasing length of weed competition decreased seedling dry weight and increased abnormal seedling percentage. This finding is supported by a reduction in the seed weight. In other words, a decrease in seed storage contents resulted in a decrease in seedling growth and an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings.


The Demkov-Kunike (DK) model, in which the Rabi coupling and the on-site detuning depend on time as $J~\text{sech}(t/T)$ and $\Delta_0+\Delta_1\tanh(t/T)$ respectively, provides one of the most general forms of an exactly solvable two-state quantum model. Thus it offers a paradigm for studying the coherent manipulations of the quantum state of a qubit. However, the exploration of the noisy DK model is still lacking. Here, we study the DK model with $J\rightarrow J_{\text{noisy}}(t)$ in the presence of colored Markovian noise sources, as exemplified by the telegraph noise and Gaussian noise. We analytically obtain the exact solutions for the survival probability $Q^{noisy}_{DK}$ of finding the system remained in the initial state. For the fast telegraph noise, surprisingly, we find parameter regimes where the $Q^{noisy}_{DK}$ is suppressed rather than being enhanced by noise, which can be understood through the quantum Zeno effect. For the slow Gaussian noise, we find the noise always leads to an enhanced $Q^{noisy}_{DK}$, due to the absorption of the noise quanta across the gap. Our work complements the studies of the noisy Landau-Zener model. It also offers a new perspective for the control of two-level quantum systems.


In young democracies, does increased political competition reduce or worsen corruption? I present a theory in which competitive election cycles cause increases in corruption by state employees, focusing on three mechanisms linked to uncertainty about future leadership. To test the theoretical claims, I employ a cross-national time-series dataset on over 300,000 bribes paid by truck-drivers in West Africa. I find compelling evidence that elections increase the amount extorted by officials, but only when elections are competitive. When incumbents can lose elections, the reelection of an incumbent significantly reduces bribes to pre-election-cycle levels, while the election of a challenger temporarily increases or maintains bribes at unusually high levels. I attribute these dynamics to direct mechanisms influencing the risk-reward calculus of bureaucrats, rather than to instrumentalization of bureaucratic extortion by parties for the purposes of election campaigning. Buttressing this interpretation is the finding that sudden unexpected changes in leadership, such as the death of the President in Ghana or the unexpected coup in Mali, both in 2012, increase corruption only when they provoke uncertainty about leadership priorities. These findings, perhaps the first to look at the effects of leader turnover on bureaucratic extortion, nuance the optimism about the capacity of political reform to reduce corruption. In addition to increasing democratic competition, this study suggests that strong civil service protections and other measures to provide job and wage security to bureaucrats may be an important component of reducing extortion.


To model fracture energy of hooked end steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite(HSFRCC),pullout energy of single hooked end steel fiber(HSF) with non-deformed/deformed hooked end was theoretically derived first.Then,statistic method was employed to estimate energy contributions from all HSFs on crack plane.Finally,experimental verification was carried out to verify the model validity and accuracy.Good performance was observed in comparison with experimental results.Moreover,it is shown that this model is closely related to various meso-scale parameters,such as HSF length,hooked end geometry,and matrix strength etc.,which obviously indicates the double functions of this model in both fracture energy prediction and the optimization design of HSFRCC.


The electrolytic behavior of molten glass is important to understand its ionic behavior and is also essential to control an electric melting furnace. The present investigation was undertaken to obtain the fundamental electrolytic behavior of various glass melts composed of mined network-forming oxides such as borosilicate, phosphoaluminate, boroaluminate, phosphoborate and aluminosilicate. Besides the potential sweep voltammetry, decomposition voltages were determined from stationary current-potential curves. The elemental compositions of the Pt electrode-glass interface after polarization were analyzed by EPMA. Decomposition voltages at 900°C were determined as follows; 25Na2O⋅25B2O3⋅50SiO2: 1.46V, 40Na2O⋅20Al2O3⋅40P2O5: 1.05V, 40Na2O⋅30Al2O3⋅30B2O3: 1.19V, 40Na2O⋅30B2O3⋅30P2O5: 1.02V, The value in 26Na2O⋅19CaO⋅8Al2O3⋅47SiO2 was 0.96V at 1200°C. The network-forming or conditional ions were reduced at different potentials and the order subject to reduction was confirmed to be (easy) P5+>Al3+>Si4+>B3+ (difficult). The decomposition potentials of these ions were tentatively estimated to be P5+: -0.7V, Al3+: -0.85V, Si4+: -1.1V, B3+: -1.2--1.4V with respect to the electrode potential of the Pt reference immersed in the respective molten sample glass. On the Pt anode, oxygen anions were oxidized resulting in oxygen gas evolution.


A linearized model of an HVDC system is presented in a control block diagram form. The converter models (rectifier and inverter), DC transmission system, phase lock oscillators (PLOs) and the HVDC controllers are included. The control block diagram model of HVDC system simplifies, in understanding and modelling, the complex operation of the HVDC system. The model can be used in small signal stability assessment to analyze subsynchronous frequency HVDC interactions such as generator-turbine torsional interactions. Furthermore, the model can be easily implemented in a software environment such as Simulink for response analysis, control tuning and other educational purposes. (5 pages)


The relaxing effects of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K' channel openers (KATp openers; diazoxide, minoxidil, pinacidil, (± )-cromakalim, (+)-cromakalim and (-)-cromakalim) were investigated on the resting tone of pig proximal urethra. In addition, patch-clamp techniques were utilized for recording cromakalim-induced ionic currents in cells dispersed from the same urethral region. The (-)-cremakalim-induced relaxation ef urethral muscle strips was stable, reversible and reproducible. The rank order of potency regarding of KATp openers in lowering the resting urethral tone was (-)-cromakalim>pinacidil>diazoxide>minoxidil, KATp opener-induced urethral relaxation was suppressed by subsequent aPplication of glibenclamide {1 "M). {+)-Cromakalim (g10#M) did not relax the urethra nor antagonize the (-)-cromakalim-induced urethral relaxation. However, at higher concentrations, (+)-cromakalim (>30"M) caused a small but significant urethral relaxation, In accordance with these ebservations, the relaxation induced by 5 paM (-)-cromakalim was identical to that induced by 10 "M (± )-cromakalim, as expected from a theoretical half potency for (± )-cromakalim. In whole-cell recording, (-)-cromakalim and (+)-cromakalim (100 ptM) activated a glibenclamide-sensitive outward current which was due to the activation of the glibenclamide-sensitive 43pS K" channel (KGs-43 pS). The potency of (+)-cromakalim to activate KGs-43 pS was much weaker than that of (-)-cromakalim. These results indicate that the ability of KATp openers to relax pig urethral smooth muscle can be accounted for by activation of glibenclamide-sensitive K' channels,


Predictive model to determine the behaviour of plastic and liquid limit of lateritic soil for road design and construction has been developed, these two parameters have a relationship in terms of soil classification through their laboratory results, both parameters sample were subjected to thorough laboratory analysis for several locations, the laboratory results of both parameters were plotted to determine their behaviors and limits. The results generated equations at various locations, the equations were resolved and they generated theoretical values, the model values displayed their relationship on the classification of soil for road construction. The implementation of a laboratory testing procedure is to classify subgrade material and assess sustained properties and moisture sensitivity (heave, collapse, softening) that can influence long-term pavement performance. Testing implementation consists of classification testing, which are (i.e., gradation analysis, Atterberg Limits and sulfate tests). It also generated predictive models, producing theoretical values, other analysis are engineering properties testing (i.e., swell/consolidation, R-value, unconfined compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio, and Resilient Modulus Tests). These are also design parameters that should generate predictive models that can be applied as design parameter in the study area, the study is imperative because predictive models generated and validated has ascertained proof its workability as a parameter in the design of flexible pavements in the study location.


Aim of this study was to assess the cumulative incidence of HIV-infection, AIDS and preAIDS death in the population of injecting drug users (IDU) in Amsterdam. By assuming equivalence, between a cohort of IDU and the IDU population, of the ratios of incidences of AIDS and pre-AIDS death to the number of HIV positive persons giving rise to these incidences, the numbers of HIV positive persons and pre-AIDS deaths in the population could be calculated, given that other parameters were known. Cohort study data on HIV prevalence and incidences of HIV infection, AIDS, and preAIDS death, were combined with national AIDS surveillance data. As of 1 October 1994, the estimated cumulative number of HIV positive IDU in Amsterdam was approximately 1280, far higher than a recent back-calculation estimate. Of the 1280, 204


Influence of Zr-substitution on magnetic properties of (Lu Zr ) Fe single crystals was investigated. The homogeneity range of (Lu Zr ) Fe compounds extends from to 0.2, since the compound with a higher Zr content, , was found to be multiphase. In (Lu Zr ) Fe , antiferromagnetism present in Lu Fe compound is totally suppressed upon Zr substitution and ferromagnetism is stabilized in the whole range of magnetic ordering with a considerable increase of magnetic ordering temperature from 274 K in Lu Fe to 325 K in (Lu Zr ) Fe . Successful hydrogenation without destroying the single-crystalline structure of (Lu Zr ) Fe compoundwasperformed, and (Lu Zr ) Fe H hydride wasobtained.Hydrogenation of (Lu Zr ) Fe resulted in increase of from 325 K to 365 K. (Lu Zr ) Fe H compounds have an easy-plane type of magnetic anisotropy and possess magnetic moments of 35 /f.u. in the ground state. Influence of Zr doping and effect of subsequent hydrogenation of the (Lu Zr ) Fe compound on magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Lu Fe compound was found to be rather weak. Index Terms—Hydrides, intermetallic compounds, substitutions.


As asset owners transition to sustainable investing, many seek portfolios with low tracking error to the core benchmarks they are replacing. Multiple considerations must be made when constructing such portfolios. The trade-off between tracking error, sustainability goals, and industry exposure, for example, must be managed. The authors illustrate the trade-offs across these three dimensions for a variety of sustainability metrics. In addition, sustainability portfolios may use one metric in the construction of the portfolio but may be judged on other metrics. The authors show that a portfolio optimized for one metric generally has favorable active exposure to other sustainability metrics, although less than that predicted by the linear relationship between the metrics. They also show that if a secondary metric is considered in the optimization objective, that metric has more favorable active exposure to the metric than that predicted by the linear relationship with the primary metric. The authors show that despite the low correlation across metrics, constructing portfolios with favorable active exposure to multiple sustainability metrics is possible and may yield disproportional benefits.


A review of both classes of flowering plants in the system of A. L. Takhtajan (1987) showed a general picture of the distribution of xerophytic phyla and groups in the Earth floras. The xerophilic lines of development in flowering plants are very ancient, and there are more of them among dicots than monocots. Xerophytic groups are more diverse in the floras of the Southern (compared to the Northern) Hemisphere, where the main centers of development of xerophilic floras are in South America, South Africa, and Australia. At the same time, New World xerophilic floras differ from Old World ones in the presence of a larger number of endemic families. The xerophytic centers of the Northern Hemisphere are in the tropics and subtropics, both in the Old and New Worlds: Africa, Arabia, India, the Mediterranean, North America (Madrean sub-kingdom).


We present a method to write a tapered waveguide using fixed-beam-moving-stage (FBMS) in an electron-beam lithography system. FBMS allows writing of large patterns without stitch-error, however, restricts only a few primitive shapes. For patterning tapers, a combination of FMBS with area-mode is used that typically results in alignment errors. The proposed method offers smooth and alignment-error-free tapering of sub-micron featured Silicon waveguide. We experimentally demonstrate a fully FBMS patterned photonic circuit with power splitter, wire-to-slot coupler, slot waveguide and a slotted ring resonator. The device response with insertion loss -1.35dB is measured using a tunable laser source around 1550 nm wavelength.


In this paper, we investigate the performance of advertisement delivery scenarios of Vehicular DTN (VDTN) under highly stressed environment. The simulations for two scenarios are conducted considering obstacles (buildings), where Road Side Units (RSUs) are present or not present. We consider 802.11p standard and send bundle messages in a realistic scenario of east side of Tokyo station area in Japan imported from open street map. We use the number of received packets, storage usage and end-to-end delay as evaluation metrics. Based on simulation results, we noticed that for both VDTN and VDTN-RSU scenarios, most of vehicles received advertisement message during simulation. For short lifetime of bundle messages, 90 % of vehicles can receive the advertisement message in VDTN-RSU scenarios.


Lowlands Dense Ombrophilous Forest is one phytophysiognomies of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The main ecological characteristic of this forest is the Ombrophilous environment, related to high rainfall and temperature indexes. Nutrient cycling is well balanced in the periods of good thermo-pluviometric distribution. Global climatic changes have been intensifying in recent years making rainfall irregular, changing its distribution and intensity throughout the year. This can affect the natural regeneration and vegetative growth of the species. This study aimed to correlate litterfall and nutrient contribution with climatic variations, identifying the level of importance of this correlation and which nutrients may have their compromised cycling. Literfall was collected monthly in 40 collectors. N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents were determined and their stocks were calculated. The litter deposition was 8,261.15 kg ha-1 year-1 and was not influenced by rainfall and temperature. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg stock in this litter was 244.93 kg ha-1 year-1, being stored just of N 113.75 kg ha-1 year-1. P and K stocks varied with rainfall and temperature, suggesting that variations in these climatic variables may interfere in the cycling of these nutrients in this forest fragment.


DNA is prone to damages, which would result in genetic disorders and enhance risk of tumorigenesis. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair will provide deep insights into tumorigenesis, carcinogenesis as well as the corresponding treatments. Aiming at investigating potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) response against DNA damage, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis based on RNA sequencing data of the liver tissue from Rattus norvegicus, in which DNA damage was induced using aflatoxin B1, ifosfamide and N‐nitrosodimethylamine. Through our analyses, numerous novel lncRNAs are identified for the first time, and differential network analysis discloses lncRNA‐mediated regulatory networks related to DNA‐damage response. The result shows that these DNA‐damage‐inducing chemicals might disrupt many lncRNA‐mediated interactions involved in diverse biological processes and pathways, for example, immune function and cell adhesion. In contrast, the host might also activate a few RNA interactions in response to DNA damage, involving response to drug and regulation of cell cycle.


The inclusion of the arts into science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) has recently gained much national attention. The purpose of this qualitative study was to conduct a thematic analysis of student STEAM survey open responses to provide the field with an examination of grades 3–5 elementary students' perceptions of their STEAM learning experiences. Grounded in transformative learning theory, a systematic and iterative thematic analysis of 1,572 student-written open responses to six prompts by 262 student participants revealed three primary themes: (1) extent of identification of science and mathematics learning in STEAM; (2) STEAM progression of activities, authentic problems, and empathetic problem solving; and (3) the presence of metacognition in STEAM. Our findings revealed that students' STEAM perceptions provide strong support for STEAM learning experiences as a space for implementing the instructional practices important and central to reform efforts in science and mathematics education in the elementary grades.


Abstract Background In healthcare, quality improvement (QI) tools are predominantly used to address human, system and process factors to improve clinical care. We believe that QI tools can also be used to address similar factors in medical education, to facilitate improvement in learning outcomes and competencies for new junior doctors in a postgraduate medical education program in our anaesthesia and critical care unit. Methods A stepwise competency checklist was devised to guide the learning and monitor the percentage who had completed the required learning activities and tests at the end of each month. This was tabulated as monthly competency scores, and served as a measure of effectiveness of the education program. QI tools, namely the Fishbone diagram and Pareto chart, were used to identify modifiable root causes and prioritise interventions. Results Monthly competency scores ranged 30–50% at baseline, and improved to 60–75% after 6 months, with the implementation of a series of QI interventions. Conclusion QI tools were utilised to guide education interventions, with consequent improvement in the monthly competency scores of our junior doctors. Focused improvement cycles that are aligned to learning outcomes are key to the success of using QI tools in medical education.


This article presents findings from an email survey of newly-qualified clinical psychologists exploring the dos and don'ts of supervision. The responses reflect the breadth and significance of the supervision role and provide some helpful guidance on conducting effective supervision.


This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for solving a specific NP-hard 2D rectangular packing problem in which a rectangle called central rectangle is required to be placed in the center of the final layout, and the aspect ratio of the container is also required to be in a given range. The key component of the proposed algorithm is a greedy constructive procedure, according to which, the rectangles are packed into the container one by one and each rectangle is packed into the container by an angle-occupying placement with maximum fit degree. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on two groups of 35 well-known benchmark instances. Computational results disclose that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previous algorithm for the packing problem. For the first group of test instances, solutions with average filling rate 99.31% can be obtained; for the real-world layout problem in the second group, the filling rate of the solution is 94.75%.


. I summarize a number of models for COVID-19 spread in India, discussing how the availability of data is an important bottleneck for model construction and validation. Developing models that incorporate appropriate complexity is a grand challenge for the next decade and beyond.


Aim of study: To explore the diversity of soil fungi found in black truffle ( Tuber melanosporum ) plantations following the introduction of the mycorrhizal-colonized host tree, ( Quercus ilex ), through the development of the brule and production of mature sporocarps. Area of study: This research was carried out province of Teruel, Aragon (central eastern Spain). Material and Methods: Soil samples from 6 plantations were collected beneath Q. ilex trees inoculated with T. melanosporum, of 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 20 years after out planting in truffle plantations. Soil DNA was extracted, PCR-amplified and sequenced to compare soil fungi present at different ages. Main results: As tree age increased, we observed an increased frequency of T. melanosporum (from 8% to 71% of sequenced colonies) and concomitant decrease in the combined frequency of Fusarium spp. and Phoma spp. (from 64% to 3%). Research highlights: There are important shifts in species richness and in functional groups in the soil fungal communities in maturing black truffle-oak woodland plantations. The observed inverse relationship between the frequency of soil endophytic and/or pathogenic fungi and that of the mycorrhizal mutualist T. melanosporum provides support to continue a deeper analysis of shifts in fungal communities and functional groups where there is a transition from agriculture fields to woodlands. Abbreviations used: Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) fungus; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM); Operational taxonomic unit (OTU).


It collected and processed the history data of their information system construction through an investigation of 265 enterprises in China.It applied the optimal partition method to divide stage with annual IT expenditure total as samples,analyzed stage's features and development tendency.


Novel methods of digital image processing demand various approaches to spectral reflection prediction. The continuing complexity of the models leads to high requirements for computing power; however, this does not always contribute to the convenience and accuracy of forecasts. We offer an easy-to-use method for solving the direct problem of spectral reflection prediction using artificial neural networks. For color practitioners, prediction accuracy in terms of color difference is highly important. For researchers of artificial intelligence, the organization of the network learning process is of overriding interest. Those and other interoperates the necessary and sufficient minimum of the training sample to ensure satisfactory forecast accuracy. In this paper, we determine the size of such a sample. When training a network, we use spectral density instead of spectra. This provides a simplified simulation and improved accuracy of the forecast, which is confirmed experimentally. Key-Words: Spectrum, Color, Prediction, Artificial neural network, Image processing


Objective Aim To investigate the etiology and treatment of hypocalcemia after bilateral thyroid surgery.Methods The change of serum calcium was analyzed in 134 patients underwent bilateral thyroidectomy.Results 53 cases developed hypocalcemia after bilateral thyroid surgery.Of them,36 cases were in total thyroidectomy which included 85 cases(42.4%),17 cases were in not the total thyroidectomy which included 49 cases(34.7%).No significant differences between them(P0.05).The serum calcium concentrations in not the total thyroidectomy group weren't lower than those in the total thyroidectomy group on first,second and third postoperative day(P0.05).Conclusion For those patients who need total thyroidectomy,using the meticulous capsular dissection technique will not increase the risk of hypocalcemia.


Factors affecting the spread of sensory blockade by local anesthetic in epidural anesthesia remain incompletely clarified. In this thesis, we have summarized the current literature. Also, we have found that the choice of epidural puncture site affects the distribution of sensory blockade in thoracic epidural anesthesia. Furthermore, we have found that raising airway pressure through breathing with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) affects the distribution of sensory blockade both in cervico-thoracic and low-thoracic epidural anesthesia. This may be explained by differences in epidural pressure at different sites in the thoracic epidural space, which we have demonstrated. We speculate that similar effects may occur in ventilated patients. Our conclusions may aid in more precise selection of epidural puncture site and dosing of local anesthetic in epidural anesthesia.


Diarrhea is the increased frequency of bowel movement, with abnormal delivery of liquid or soft stools. Drug Related Problems are events or circumstances experienced but not desired by patients who are involved or suspected of involving in drug therapies that are actual and potential which can affect their health conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile treatment of diarrhea in patients at the Klinik Medis Universitas Surabaya. Research conducted on the data of diarrhea cases in July-December 2008. As the sample in this study we used 48 people which were the total of the population. Based on demographic study, profile of patients with diarrhea, the most widely sexes suffer from diarrhea were female (64.58%). Age of the patients were mostly around 21 years old (29.17%). Class of drugs that were most widely used by people with diarrhea was antimotilitas (87.5%). The most widely drug used was loperamide hydrochloride (87.5%). There were no Drug Related Problems associated with treatment of diarrhea in patients at the Klinik Medis Universitas Surabaya.


In 2014 CERN has started to organize "Beamline for Schools" (BL4S), an annual physics competition for high-school students aged 16 or more. In the competition, teams of students from all around the world are invited to propose an experiment to CERN that makes use of a secondary beam of particles with momenta of up to 10 GeV/c from CERN's Proton Synchrotron.

In the first four years of the competition, 6900 students from all around the world have participated and in total eight winning teams have been selected and invited to CERN for ten to twelve days each.

We will describe the challenges linked to the Beamline for Schools competition, focussing on the communication with all teams in the preparatory phase of the competition, the technical implementation of the winning experiments, the operation of the experiments as well as on the support for the teams analysing the data and preparing publications of the results. We will also report on the impact of the competition on the candidate teams as well as on the winners.

Finally, we will present an outlook for the future of the BL4S competition, taking into account the shutdown of the accelerators at CERN in 2019 and 2020.


There is accumulating evidence that soluble amyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomers, rather than amyloid fibrils, are the principal pathogenic species in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we have developed a novel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) Aβ oligomers. Analysis of Aβ oligomers derived from synthetic Aβ 1‐42, by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), revealed that our ELISA specifically detected HMW Aβ oligomers of40–200 kDa. Using this ELISA, we detected significantly higher (P<0.0001) signals in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 25 patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to 25 age‐matched controls. As a test for discriminating between the AD/MCI and control groups, the area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic analysis for the CSF HMW Aβ oligomers was greater than that for CSF Aβx‐42. Furthermore, the CSF levels of HMW Aβ oligomers showed a negative correlation with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores in the AD/MCI group. We conclude that the CSF HMW Aβ oligomers detected by our ELISAcould be useful as a diagnostic marker for AD, and also as a potential surrogate marker for disease severity. Our results support the idea that soluble HMW Aβ oligomers play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.—Fukumoto, H., Tokuda, T., Kasai, T., Ishigami, N., Hidaka, H., Kondo, M., Allsop, D., Nakagawa, M. High‐molecular weight β‐amyloid oligomers are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients. FASEB J. 24, 2716–2726 (2010). www.fasebj.org


A new species of dance fly (Diptera, Empididae) in the subgenus Kritempis Collin, 1926 of the genus Empis Linnaeus, 1758 is described from Spain: E. (K.) kubiki sp. nov. (type locality: Embalse de Barbate, Cádiz Province). The new species is closely related to E. (K.) livida Linnaeus, 1758.


A general instantaneous or tangential stiffness matrix for a plane frame member is presented. Expressions in the form of integral equations are developed for members having axial forces and arbitrary material properties, distributed loads and moment-axial force-curvature relations. The expressions are used for w sections of elasto-plastic material and several examples of plane frames are loaded to failure. Experimental results reported in the literature for plane frames tested to inelastic failure are closely matched by the analytical technique.


Systematic achievement of high productivity lapping entails conceiving of a robust working system, insensitive to the action of disturbing factors. The experiments described in this paper were aimed at configuring such a robust machining system in view of maximising productivity. The main purpose of the experiments was to identify an optimum combination of the values of the input quantities of the machining system, such as to achieve its robustness, that is rendering it insensitive to the action of noise factors.


Rapid socio-economic development and the transition of the economic system have triggered great changes in the land use and transport patterns of Chinese cities. The urban and transport planning system is also undergoing considerable change. This paper describes China's current planning system and outlines some of the problems resulting from the centrally planned economy. Recent social and economic changes are discusssed in particular migration and urbanisation. Urban land use-transport models are examined. The current transport planning system is found to be limited in effectiveness concentrating as it does on physical planning with little attention given to transport development strategies, supply-demand policy, public transport development and transport management. Suggestions are made for changes to land use-transport models to cope with continuing trends. For the covering abstract see IRRD 890936.


A study was made to identify sex differentiation in parents and fries of Oreochromis aureus using RAPD- PCR and squash techniques. Fishes were collected from the experiment shared in program for producing "super males ZZ" in Egypt. The trial of sex reversal for feminization of sexually undifferentiated progeny was conducted using 17- β ethynylestradiol as a feminizing stimulating agent. Oral administration of powdered feed containing 400 and 800 mg/kg were tested for 30 days in Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research in Abassa (CLAR). Upon termination of the experiment, average weight and length have increased using high dose. In contrast, the survival rate was increased in low dose (400 mg/kg) than high dose (800 mg/kg). Its effect was highly detectable among fry that were orally fed on 800-mg/kg hormone-treated feeds for 30 days. The mean percentage of phenotypic females was 94% ± 2.7 in the second season, females generated progeny including mean percentage of phenotypic males was 69%±4.6 while female, inter sex and non differential percentages were 26% ±3.8, 3% ± 1.5 and 2%±0.7 respectively. the sex differentiated have been using applied squash method and RAPD-PCR , Squash method illustrated that from every 10 fishes, 9 individuals were converted into super male (ZZ) . In RAPD -PCR, seven primers were used and they showed different bands patterns between male and female . The total number of DNA fragment band was 35 in male parents and 33 in female parents. While, numbers of DNA fragment bands produced by seven primers were 33 and 35 in adult converted females and fries converted females. Total numbers of DNA fragment bands were 35 and 40 in males and 33 and 35 in female. These molecular markers detected by primers (A14, B13and C05) could be used as markers associated with male or female differentiation.


pacemaker can be a lifesaving procedure in the emergency setting. The temporary pacemaker lead was inserted to 64 years old male for syncope attacks due to marked pauses. Procedure was performed in emergency setting without floroscopy. During dual chamber permanent pacemaker implantation, temporary pacemaker lead was found as extensive loop in right heart chamber and pulmonary artery trunk and ended in right atrium (Figure 1). Because of the pacemaker dependence, permanent pacemaker active fixation ventricle lead was implanted from left subclavian vein at first. Afterward, temporary pacemaker lead pulled back and active fixation atrial lead was implanted (Figure 2). If this patient had an atrioventricular complete block, than the temporary pacemaker in the atrium would be ineffective. The sinusoidal arrest provided an effective pacemaker activity from atrium. Temporary pacemaker should be implanted under floroscopy. Especially, if temporary pa-


The article deals withan old handwritten text found in the book Logica parva, finalised in 1440 in Canea, a city of Crete (presently, Chania). After the overview of the versions of reading and translation proposed by Stephan Kessler and Stephen Mossman, and Ilja Lemeskin, all the words in the text, their spelling, and their interrelations are analysed and compared with the respective materials of all Baltic languages; the possibilities of different interpretation of the words and word combinations in the enigmatic text are looked for. PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: 15th century baltic text, trace of Crete, Petrus Wickerau, Prussian language. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v17i1.1149


The HRT bas been examined with respect to possibilities for the escape of radioactive material from the reactor and its gas-tight enclosure. A complete description of the HRT is presented including flow diagrams, design, corrosion problems, components, shielding, plant layout, operating plans, and control. Every possibility for the leakage of active solution from the reactor piping and components has been examined. In addition to equipment failure from mechanical and corrosion causes, reactivity accidents snd explosions have been thoroughly investigated. The confinement and detection of leaks are discussed. The hazards to the surrounding area in the event of release from the building of a large fraction of the activity in the reactor has been determined. The results of the study indicate that the likelihood of activity escape from the reactor is so small that the hazards to operating personnel and to the public compare favorably with normally accepted risks. (B.J.H.)


The key point in the funds management is the accounting management concerning the funds for forces. To do so, the micro-regulations should be stressed, the implementation of the regulations should be carried out, the sound management and supervision system should be established, the quality of accountant staff should be improved and the function of financial management should be exerted to further standardize the financial management and make the best of economical uses of finances and efficiency.


In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in microplasma properties and applications. Microplasmas have been considered for use in plasma thrusters, displays, and sensors. Microplasmas are small scale plasmas which are typically generated with radio frequency power sources. The small scale of the microplasma requires equally small antennas. The sizing difference can cause difficulties in proper impedance matching for power deposition from the radio. To address this issue, different radio frequency antenna designs were investigated to generate microplasma within a glass capillary tube at the University of Alabama in Huntsville's Johnson Research Center. The experiment setup uses a multi-frequency radio, high power amplifier, and T-type matching network. The test antennas were attached to the output to provide the radio signal to the atmospheric gas inside the glass tube. The test antenna design variations include dipole and monopole configurations. Antenna materials varied in the investigation. Copper and steel wires of various gages were used to form different length coils to surround the gas tube. Shield and pin antenna designs were also explored. The standing wave ratio is used to determine the antenna's effectiveness. A low standing wave ratio value, close to 1, indicates a low voltage is reflected back to the source and the antenna has the most power being directed to microplasma generation. The best antenna designs were determined based on microplasma production and standing wave ratio value. The shield and pin antenna design successfully generated a microplasma. This result is consistent with the use of copper and stainless steel shields and a 4-40 threaded pin. The shield and pin design is the most successful because it directs the radio frequency consistently to the pin without any loss that may found in a helix design. The central pin acts as a sacrificial surface for the microplasma to generate from.


Abstract : The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Spectral Element Atmospheric Model (NSEAM) with full physics included is used to investigate the organization and propagation of equatorial waves under the aqua-planet conditions. The sensitivity of the simulation to the distribution of the vertical levels and selected details of the model s precipitation physics is discussed utilizing simulated convective precipitation with the aid of the time-longitude plots and spectral diagrams. It is shown that the Kelvin wave simulation depends strongly on the details of the vertical level distribution and the methods associated with the lifting condensation level. While significant variability is found among the aqua-planet simulations by global atmospheric models, the new model captures the essential interaction between the dynamics and physics of the atmosphere such that the simulated speed and spectrum of the eastward propagating Kelvin waves and the signature of the Madden-Julian Oscillation are as approximately predicted by simplified theory and limited observations.


Background. The primary objective of this study was to compare the single‐biochemical modulation of 5‐fluo‐rouracil (5‐FU) and leucovorin with that of the double‐biochemical modulation of methotrexate and leucovorin. Because of the Martin et al. study in which an experimental model showed similar effects of 5‐FU at maximum tolerated doses to the modulation with leucovorin at standard doses, a third treatment arm of 5‐FU alone was also studied.


INTRODUCTION Articular cartilage has a limited capacity for repair. One approach to repair damaged cartilage is to use tissue engineering procedures. It is well known that mechanical stress affects chondrogenesis [1]. In the stagnant environment of traditional culture dishes it is difficult to generate long term experiments or artificial tissues. For this reason a perfusion culture system with a stable supply of nutrients was developed. However, it has been reported that perfused conditions inhibit chondrogenesis by articular chondrocytes in 3D culture [2]. Therefore, in this study we focused on the interaction between hydrostatic pressure and perfusion on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) of swine articular chondrocytes (sACs) in our novel culture system. Our hypothesis was that optimizing the magnitude of the flow rate under cyclic hydrostatic pressure (Cy-HP) applied to the culture medium increases extracellular matrix (ECM). Cell proliferation and ECM production by the neo-cartilage was evaluated histologically and biochemically.


Empagliflozin and metformin are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. These drugs showed marked anti-inflammatory effects in different animal models via enhancing AMPK activity. Yet, the protective anti-inflammatory effects of their combination against ulcerative colitis have not been previously investigated. The current study aimed to explore the potential of empagliflozin/metformin combination to mitigate the DSS-induced rat colitis model. The modulating effects of empagliflozin and metformin on the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 axis and T cell polarization were delineated. In this study, distal colons were examined for macroscopic and microscopic pathological alterations. ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry techniques were applied to detect proteins and cytokines involved in AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 axis and T Cell polarization. Oral administration of empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day) and metformin (200 mg/kg/day) combination alleviated colitis as revealed by the reduced disease activity index, macroscopic damage index, colon weight/length ratio, and histopathologic scoring values. Interestingly, empagliflozin/metformin combination significantly enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and depressed mTOR and NLRP3 expression leading to a subsequent reduction in caspase-1 cleavage and inhibition of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, and IL-18. Reduced mTOR expression and reduced IL-6 levels led to a reduction in Th17 cell polarization and maintenance. Together, the current study reveals that the protective effects of empagliflozin and metformin against DSS-induced colitis are fundamentally mediated via enhancing AMPK phosphorylation. Since adult humans with diabetes mellitus are at greater risk for developing inflammatory bowel diseases, clinical application of empagliflozin/metformin combination represents a novel therapeutic approach for treating diabetic patients with ulcerative colitis.


Abstract : Flush mounted slot antenna systems on metallic cones or ogival surfaces can be inertialessly scanned in the required direction. Since scanning over a wide angular region is generally desired, the radiation characteristics, including the effect of mutual coupling on the radiating elements, must be investigated before the more detailed system aspects are considered. To this end, various approximation techniques have been examined for use in pattern calculations and in impedance calculations. These include the approximate asymptotic approach and the equivalence principle technique. The approximation techniques provide simplified computations as compared with the exact technique, and are not applicable to all conditions. A combination of exact and approximation techniques is generally required to design or analyze an array. The approximate asymptotic approach, which allows the separation of the diffracted field and geometrical optics fields, has been examined in detail. It appears that the asymptotic representation of the Legendre function chosen for the analysis leads to divergent expressions as the mode number m is increased, and hence limits the usefulness of the asymptotic approach in the present problem. The divergent nature of the asymptotic expression is verified by computed radiation patterns of several azimuthal modes. A computer program is being developed to apply the equivalence principle technique to a conical surface.


- In the recent years the use of commercial sources like coal, diesel, nuclear etc have been increased. In the coming years the conventional sources may evanesce. So, now the prime concern of the engineers and researchers are shifted towards the non-conventional sources such as solar plants, fuel cells, batteries, wind power etc. But the problem in most of these sources is deliver very low and unstable voltage and such sources are not good for commercial use. So, to utilize these non-conventional sources it is required to tie the supply to grid. dc-dc converters are widely used in PV applications. Many researchers presented advancements in dc-dc converter topologies in literature. This paper presents the wide review on recent topologies of dc-dc converters.


This article weighs three important moral and ethical considerations for leaders in healthcare: their obligations to society, their privilege as leaders and how value goes beyond a simple cost analysis. Leaders highly motivated by the bottom line have avoided the long overdue action on moral and ethical considerations critical to a more just and fairer society. Leaders are now being tasked to develop strategies for health equity, anti-oppression, anti-racism, social justice, diversity, equity and inclusiveness, community engagement, the social determinants of health and environmental accountability, and to demonstrate that their disruptive work adds more value to society than what can be measured in spreadsheet metrics.


In recent years community involvement and increasingly social capital have become central themes in debates and policies surrounding urban regeneration. This paper attempts to contribute to these debates by reviewing the role of social capital in the context of a major regeneration initiative, namely the European Union-sponsored Objective One Programme, currently underway on Merseyside. The paper argues that it is important to show how social capital is formed through the 'scaling-up' of local associational relationships, networks and institutions, to wider power structures and relations. Trust amongst participants is central to this process. Two areas on Merseyside are used as case studies to illustrate the argument. The paper concludes that the active development of trust and the social relationships surrounding it needs to be central to the process of urban regeneration.


Power quality is an importance term used for measuring quality of Electrical supply to an industrial, domestic and commercial loads. In an Electrical industry, Power quality is primarily a main concern. The power quality issue occurs when the system load in the power system is affected with problems such as transients, harmonics and voltage sag and swell. Hence the power quality issues needed to be tackled. In the Distribution side, Major power quality issue which causes disturbance in the system is due to the voltage sag and swell hence it is needed be eliminated from the system. For Eliminating the voltage sag and swell, a series Compensator that is a DVR is used in the System. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a power electronic device which is based on series compensator is used for eliminating voltage sag & swell from occurance. In this Simulation paper, a Transformerless Dynamic voltage Restorer (TDVR) is used considering the minimal loss and size in the power system. Predictive voltage control Algarithm technique is a flexible control scheme hence the proposed paper is presented with an objective to maintain constant sinosoidal voltage at the sensitive load.


This work describes an investigation of the background radiation present at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) on behalf of the PROSPECT collaboration. The PROSPECT experiment is designed to make a precision measurement of the antineutrino spectrum at HFIR and search for sterile neutrinos. Temporal and spacial variation of neutron and gamma backgrounds at the experiment site for the PROSPECT detector are measured in order to determine if the reactor correlated radiation will contribute a significant background to the inverse beta decay signal. Knowledge of spacial background variation will also be used to inform the design of a local shield wall that is being built to mitigate gamma backgrounds entering the experiment hall. PROSPECT will be a movable detector, allowing it to measure at positions between 7 meters (near) and 12 meters (far) from the reactor core. While the reactor is on, we measured variation in gamma rates between 50% and 175% of the average at various positions throughout the volume of the near position. We find that the average gamma rate in the far position is 30% of the average gamma rates at the near position. Rate histories for neutron and gamma measurements are provided for entire reactor on cycles, and correlations are found between fluctuations in radiation and beamline operations below the experiment location. Simulation of the proposed PROSPECT detector along with its shielding package is carried out to determine the impact of reactor correlated backgrounds. We find an inverse beta decay event rate of 0.01 mHz within the region of interest from the ambient reactor on gamma field, compared to a 9.51 ± .70 mHz event rate from cosmic


Through documentary analysis it is show that economic rights have an ethical basis, but are more than that because they may be claimable at national, regional and international level, despite being progressive. A ethical category of difficult rejection is apply despite the cultural differences of the people: the "decent society" of Margalit. It is argued that the realization of economic rights is part of the characteristics of a just society. The obstacle to the effectiveness of economic rights is inequality, not only in Mexico but throughout the globalized world. This can be seen in the availability and use of information technologies in homes; data from the northern, central and southern Mexico are compared.


In this study,we used the orthogonal design to screen and optimize the prescription and process for preparing avermectins liposome,and then investigated its stability.Avermectin nanometre liposomes(AVMNL)was prepared by a modified film dispersion.Physico-chemical property was detected by electron microscope,photon correlation spectroscope.The contentration of AVMNL was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.The stability of AVMNL was evaluated by heat and light.The optimal prescription for preparation of AVMNL was as follows:Lecithin∶Cholesterol=9∶1,AVM∶Lecithin=1∶10,pH of PBS is 7.0,conducting ultrasonic toward 5minutes,evaporating at40℃,and freezing and thawing three times.AVMNL was milky white liquid.Its average diameter was 198.2nm.AVMNL showed a white color,no stratification and precipitation,and the encapsulation efficiency and drug content did not change significantly after place at different temperatures for 0,5and 10 days.After place in light intensity of(4 500±500)lx,and 0,5and 10 days at temperature of 2.0-5.0℃,AVMNL showed as the milky homogeneous liquid,without flocculation and precipi-tation of the drug occurred,but encapsulation efficiency and content of the drug decreased.The diameter of nanometre liposome was narrow and uniformity,meeting the requirement.The nanometre liposome preparation was stable to heat,unstable to light,and should be stored in dark.


In 1957, Schwarz and Foltz discovered that selenium (Se) was an essential trace mineral and nutritionists then started extensive studies to figure out the metabolic function of this element which has been called as toxic mineral. The discovery that glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contained Se demonstrated a biochemical role for Se as an essential trace element. The major physiological function of Se containing GSH-Px is thought to maintain low levels of H2O2 and other hydroperoxides in the cell to prevent tissues from peroxidation damages. It is known that the GSH-Px activity is increased when animals were fed high dietary levels of Se. Chemical properties of Se have much in common with sulfur (S) therefore Se would follow the sulfur pathways in its metabolism in animal body. Two sources of Se are available for supplementation of Se in animal feed. Inorganic Se can also exist in selenide (-2), elemental (0), selenite (+4) and selenate (+6) oxidation state with other minerals. When sulfur in S containing amino acids is replaced by Se, organic Se can be made and named "seleno" prior to the name of S containing amino acid, i.e. selenomethionine. Selenium deficiency affects humans as well as animals and dysfunctions such as exudative diathesis, retained placenta, mastitis, liver necrosis, Keshan disease, numerous diseases and cancer. From several centuries ago, Se toxicity was recognized in various animal species and much of the current toxic Se levels has been established largely based upon the controlled toxicity studies used inorganic Se. Toxic effects of Se in animal result in reduced feed intake, growth retardation, ataxia, diarrhea, alopecia and sloughing of hooves. However, several experiments demonstrated that Se deficiencies or toxicities were varied by dietary Se levels and sources. Recent studies demonstrated that the incidence of colorectal and prostate cancer was reduced by approximately 50% when humans consumed 200 µ go f Se daily. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 3 : 435-444)


The most prevalent type of mycorrhiza are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). in plants and have been used as biofertilizer due to its ability to capture and supply water and nutrients to plants. In this study, investigations were carried out to ascertain the effect of biofertilizer (AMF), organic (cow dung) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on chlorophyll and moisture contents of pearl millet crop. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse and treatments arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design. The treatments were replicated four times each and monitored for chlorophyll concentration and shoot moisture contents as it affects crop yield. The chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.92 mg/g to 1.18 mg/g, while the plants treated with NPK fertilizer exhibited highest chlorophyll a (1.18 mg/g). It was followed by the control (1.15mg/g) and organic manure. The plants inoculated with biofertilizer had the infinitesimal chlorophyll a (0.92mg/g). However, for chlorophyll b, plants treated with biofertilizer (1.01mg/g), organic manure (1.09mg/g) and NPK (1.26mg/g) exhibited higher content than in control plants that had the lowest (0.53mg/g) value. Statistics revealed that there was no discernible difference. (P<0.05) between leaves chlorophyll contents in plants treated with organic manure and NPK fertilizer. Millet treated with organic manure, biofertilizer and the control did not significantly (P<0.05) differ from one another with respect to shoot moisture contents. Although NPK had more chlorophyll contents, biofertilizer promoted more grain yield (2030 grains /m2) than all the treatments. Findings from this study indicated that biofertilizer can alternatively be used for better yield when organic and inorganic fertilizers are costly and unaffordable to peasant farmers. Further studies on biofertilizer are recommended to provide effective formulations for improved crop growth and better yield.


This paper identifies the current practice and problems of the performance appraisal system at a typical Korean company. We developed a general framework of performance appraisal system consisted of five subsystems. Along the components of this framework, we reviewed the internal documents and recent appraisal data in the firm, and analyzed the interview and questionnaire survey outcomes collected companywise. Main findings are as follows. The appraisal results are used solely for promotion decisions, and almost never for career development, rewarding, relocation and so on. The appraisal items are not clear in meaning, not comprehensive in scope, and do not adequately reflect characteristics of different jobs. The appraisal is made by superiors only, and needs to be complemented by peer and/or self reviews. The employees are appraised on the basis of subjective judgments of the superiors. The appraisal data are being accumulated, but due to inadequate formation and insufficient programs the database is not being used for the detection and correction of appraisal tendencies and errors. Appraisal results are not fedback to the employees for the constructive information exchange. Accordingly they perceive the effectiveness of the appraisal system as very poor. Finally, the implication of our finding for other companies is briefly discussed.


The term of "Crime scene mental trace analysis" is equal to "Criminal Profiling" used in the United Kingdom and the U.S..The rationales of mental trace analysis are as follows: first,the theories on the relationship between a person and his or her behaviors,and on relevant mental analyses based on psychological researches;second,the approach of logical reasoning.Analysis of crime scene mental trace can provide helpful information for criminal investigators to identify and understand criminals as well as to interrogate the suspects.


This paper estimated the growth of the dilatation function of BeurlingAhlfors extension when quasisymmetric function is controlled by a decreasing function. It improved the existing result and got D≤2(ρ+2).


ABSTRACT
 Aim: Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, and educational status are factors associated with preoperative anxiety. Health literacy may be the influencing factor in different results obtained in various studies regarding the relationship between educational status and preoperative anxiety.

 Materials and Methods: This prospective survey was carried out on 155 patients scheduled for elective surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology between September and November 2019. Sociodemographic and basic health status data were recorded using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) and the Health Literacy Index (HLI).

 Results: While there was a highly statistically significant difference between average scores of the access, understanding and appraisal of health information subscales according to the HLI (p0,05). A negative medium level relationship was found between average scores of the STAI-I and the HLI (r=-0,424) and application subscale (r=-0,482), and a negative low level relationship was found between the overall STAI-I and the access (r=-0,335), understanding (r=-0,368) and appraisal of health information (r=-0,353) subscales.

 Conclusions: It was concluded that the low level of health literacy may be effective in the increased preoperative anxiety levels in patients, and further studies are required to be conducted in this matter.


General DNVGL has issued a number of guidelines for fatigue assessment of floating platforms. These documents include information that is related to: • modeling environmental loading and response; • modeling principles for analysis models of FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading vessels); • hydrodynamic analysis methodology; • fatigue analysis methodology; • documentation and verification of analysis methodology. Semi-Submersibles Guidelines for fatigue design of semi-submersibles are presented in DNV-OS-C103 (2014). Guidelines on fatigue analysis for planning in-service inspection for fatigue cracks of semi-submersibles can be found in appendix B of DNVGL-RP-0001 (2015). Floating Production Vessels (FPSOs) Guidelines on how to perform a global and local fatigue analysis of a typical FPSO, with both turret-moored and fixed spreader-moored arrangements, can be found in DNV-RP-C206 (2012). Guidelines on fatigue analysis of FPSOs for planning in-service inspection for fatigue cracks can be found in appendix C of DNVGL-RP-0001 (2015). The referred documents can be downloaded from the DNV GL web page for free. This is one reason for making this section short.


For more than a decade, the semiconductor manufacturing industry has anticipated the introduction of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) into high-volume manufacturing (HVM). The readiness of the supporting EUV resists is one of the requirements for HVM. While the industry is planning to introduce EUVL into HVM at 7 nm node, it is important to address the availability of the resists for future generations and in particular for the high-NA EUVL which will have the patterning capability down to 8 nm half-pitch. In this study we report on the performance of promising EUV resists evaluated by EUV interference lithography (EUV-IL) at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). We evaluated EUV resists that are being developed as candidate materials for future technology nodes and we assessed their potential for high-NA EUV lithography. Several new chemically-amplified resists (CARs) and non-CAR resists have been investigated with the aim to resolve patterns down to 10 nm hp. While, up to now, CARs performance reached down to 13 nm half pitch (hp) only, we report about a recent CAR that can partially resolve lines down to 11 nm hp. Moreover, some other non-CAR resists have achieved resolutions down to 10 nm. We evaluated essential parameters, such as critical dimension (CD) and line edge roughness as a function of dose and we estimated the exposure latitude (EL). Furthermore, we report on the ultimate extendibility of CAR platform materials in manufacturing, and on novel resist platforms developed to address the challenges in the patterning at hp ≤ 10 nm.


The digital acoustic model of a nuclear reactor (DAMNR) is presented as an auto-oscillatory system belonging to a special class of nonlinear dissipative systems capable of generating undamped oscillations. It is established that a water-water power reactor with a turbulent flow of a coolant is an open system of high complexity with a large number of elements, the connections between which are not predetermined, but probabilistic. Elements of the coolant circuit with negative dissipation (negative friction) are identified. It is shown that they self-organize chaotic turbulent pulsations and vortices into ordered wave oscillations, the frequency of which is determined by the Thomson (Kelvin) formula. In radio engineering circuits, an electronic self-oscillating generator with transformer feedback has similar properties. The presence of negative resistance in nonlinear dynamical systems leads to self-organization of chaotic turbulent perturbations and generation of self-oscillations in the form of acoustic standing waves (ASW). On the basis of theoretical and experimental data, the reliability of a previously unknown property of a reactor with connected pipelines - the ability to generate several ASW simultaneously-was confirmed. The use of DAMNR in the design and operation of nuclear power plants allows to identify the sources of ASW occurring in the coolant, the conditions for their occurrence and frequency.


In the present work, pure iridium oxide (IrO2), and ternary catalysts (IrSnSb-Oxides and RuIrTi-Oxides) are investigated to be used as anode electrocatalysts in The Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC). Investigations of Methanol Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution over the catalysts are measured in sulphuric acid as a supportive electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry technique at room temperature (25°C). A specific comparison between the electrocatalytic activities of IrSnSb-Oxides and RuIrTi-Oxides systems is conducted. A comprehensive examination of IrSnSb-Oxides and RuIrTi-Oxides catalysts containing different fractions of the alloying elements are performed to study the effect of varying Iridium Ir content (%) in IrSnSb-Oxides and Ruthenium Ru content (%) in RuIrTi-Oxides on the catalytic activity of ternary catalysts and on the performance of DMFC. It is observed that the electrocatalytic performance of ternary oxides catalysts is strongly dependent on the Ir and Ru content. The generated IrO2 and 33.36% Ru – 1%Ir – 65.64%Ti – Oxides catalysts prove high stability for oxidation of methanol and more proficient electrochemical activity as an anodic electrocatalyst in DMFC at 25°C. The electrochemical measurements of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) for metal oxides show that 46.65%Ir – 40.78%Sn – 12.57%Sb sample and 18.75%Ru – 9.35%Ir – 71.9%Ti sample are the superior hydrogen evolution catalysts at 25°C.Copyright © 2012 by ASME