The article presents the reasons that affect the small border traffic between Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russian Federation, opportunities and barriers that affect the development of the attractiveness of the Polish-Russian border regions. Theoretical considerations have been supported by the results of empirical research. The aim of the study was to identify reasons that reduce the attractiveness of the Polish-Russian border regions. Identified deficiencies in Polish service offer and difficulties of cross-border cooperation. Also, the article contains statistical data on the development of the small border traffic and expenses incurred by the Russians during their stay in Poland.


The present invention relates to a filter element comprising a filter medium (3) arranged between the first part (1), the second part (2) and the first component 1 and the second part (2), components ( 1, 2) are spaced apart by the filter medium (3), in which case the parts (1, 2) and the filter medium 3 and to limit the perfusion region 4, the filter medium 3 has a wall (5) the formation, and it may filter the fluid passing through the wall. Assignment of the filter element according to the present invention is to form, improve the filter element to be used in a small installation space, the filter element is a part (1,2) is the direction set to binary state inclined towards each other, or each other, having a surface inclined toward characterized.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress which occurs as a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of the peroxidation and it is considered to be one of the markers of oxidative stress. The association between DM duration and MDA levels in type 2 DM remains controversial. This study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between MDA levels and DM duration. To compare the oxidative stress in two study groups MDA levels were compared. The mean MDA levels were high in diabetics with duration more than 5 years. The same was compared between the two study groups (Group I-Duration of DM 5 years) using student t test. The difference in MDA levels between two diabetic groups was significant (P<.01).But the comparison of long term glycemic control (HbA1C) between two diabetic groups was not statistically significant. This suggests that oxidative stress might be related to duration of DM irrespective of glycemic control. The correlation study of MDA levels with the duration of diabetes and glycemic control (HbA1C) showed that the levels were statistically significant for the duration of DM and not statistically significant for glycemic control.


cases. Hypothesis: Key determinants of outcome of weight loss, including energy allocation and body composition, are influenced by both individual and weight program factors. Animals: Nineteen client-owned dogs with naturally occurring obesity. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, body composition was quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after weight loss on an individually tailored program that incorporated a high-protein and moderate-fiber diet. Results: Mean percentage weight loss was 18% (range, 6–29%), and mean rate of weight loss was 0.85% per week (range, 0.35–1.56%). Mean energy allocation required to achieve weight loss was 60% of maintenance energy requirement at target weight (MERTW) (range, 50–82%). Significant dietary noncompliance was reported (mean, 1.0% MERTW; range, 0.0–9.5%). The mean composition of tissue lost was 84 : 15 : 1 (fat : lean : bone mineral content [BMC]). Lean tissue loss was positively associated with overall percentage of weight loss (Pearson correlation coefficient [Rp] 5 0.591, P 5 .008), whereas BMC loss was greater in retrievers compared with other breeds (1.9% 6 1.16% versus 0.8% 6 0.44%; P 5 .008). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This clinical study demonstrated body composition changes during weight loss in dogs. Conventional programs produced safe weight loss, but marked energy restriction was required and the rate of loss was slower than in experimental studies.


The invention discloses a conjugated polymer for organic semiconductor and a preparation method thereof. The structural formula of the conjugated polymer is represented in the description, wherein the n represents a natural number from 10 to 100, R1 represent H or a C1-C20 alkyl group, and R2 represents a C1-C10 alkyl group. The conjugated polymer can be used to produce organic solar cell devices, organic electroluminescence device, organic field effect transistor, organic laser device, and the like.


A study of the band-gap tailoring of amorphous germanium nitrogen alloys is presented. They have been prepared by the rf reactive sputtering technique, using a c-Ge target in an Ar + NH 3 atmosphere. The alloy composition is found to be strongly dependent on the deposition conditions. The optical gap of the material could be tailored from approximately 1.0 to about 3.0 eV by varying the rf power, substrate temperature, nitrogen and hydrogen partial pressures. The rf power, and not the gas composition, is found to be the most important parameter in determining the nitrogen concentration. The hydrogen concentration, on the other hand, has a small influence on the band gap, while the temperature plays an important role on the determination of the alloy structure.


The Voronoi-based cellular model is highly successful in describing the motion of two-dimensional confluent cell tissues. In this model, the energy of each cell is determined solely by its geometric shape and size, and the interaction between adjacent cells is a byproduct of this additive energy. We generalize this model so as to allow zero or partial contact between cells in an open system. We identify several phases, two of which (solid confluent and liquid confluent) were found in previous studies that imposed confluency but others that are novel. Transitions in this model may be relevant for understanding both normal development as well as cancer metastasis.


Objective To investigate the relationship of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) to left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension(EH).Methods Thirty healthy individuals(as control) and 51 EH patients were included.EH patients were divided into EH group and EH with Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) group according to the left ventricular mass index(LVMI) measured by echocardiography.EH patients were also divided into 3 groups(mild,medium and severe) according to the level of blood pressure.The serum level of IGF-1was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) was assayed by ratenephelometry.Results IGF-1 level in EH patients was significantly higher than in control group(P0.05),IGF-1 level was significantly higher in EH+LVH group than in control and EH groups(P0.01 and P0.05,respectively);UAER level in patients with EH was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.01),UAER level was significantly higher in EH+LVH group than in control group EH group both(P0.01,P0.01).IGF-1 level had positive correlation with LVMI and UAER(r=0.41,P0.05;r=0.53,P0.05).IGF-1 level,UAER and LVMI increased with the increase of blood pressure.Conclusions IGF-1is positively correlated to LVMI and UAER.It is supposed to be involved in the pathophysiological process of EH and play an important role in the impairment of heart and kidney function in EH patient.The impairment of heart and kidney are in parallel in EH patients.


The paper discusses the function and meaning of the RS image digital processing techniques in the aerodrome construction project.In the initial stages of the aerodrome geology exploration,it applies the advanced technology including "3S"(RS,GIS and GPS) techniques,digital image processing techniques,virtual reality and digital photograph measure,and so on.It makes the three-dimensional RS dummy dynamic model of the aerodrome scene.Meanwhile,the paper synthetically evaluated tectonic geology,engineering geology and environment geology by right of simulating 3D visualizing RS dynamical models and the field survey data.The result reveals: the RS image digital processing techniques is preponderant in the aerodrome building project,and the method offers science foundation for the decision-makers and operators of the west altiplano aerodrome building.


A s teachers of intermediate language courses, we make pedagogical choices that directly affect the courses we teach and the students in them. Some of the choices we make revolve around the following issues: how do we teach our students to read in the target language; how many texts (stories) can we expect them to have read by the end of term; should we stress vocabulary over syntax or vice versa; should our students be able to give word-for-word translations of assigned reading texts; · and, what about the testing of reading comprehension. Whatever else may be said about these linguistic issues, teachers use experience-their own and that of others-to help them decide what to teach and how their students can best learn in order to improve reading comprehension skills.


Three-quarters of a century ago an innovative tent camp was set up at the base of Glacier Point in Yosemite Valley after months of preparation by Jennie and David A. Curry. They were Hoosiers by birth, teachers by profession, and pioneers by inclination whose desire to visit Yosemite had been frustrated by the high cost of travel and lodging. At that time the only accommo dations available in the valley were at the Sentinel Hotel where the minimum charge was $4.00 a day plus tips. That seemed exhorbitant to the Currys who had operated inexpensive movable camps for tour groups in Yellowstone National Park, and they determined to operate a fixed summer camp in Yosemite Valley with minimum costs.


Objective To study the damage of peripheral nerves in the workers exposed to n-hexane.Methods An occupational health survey in a shoemaking corporation was carried out,covering 206 n-hexane exposed workers and 128 controls.Questionnaire,health inspections,nerve electromyogram(EMG),urine 2,5-hexanedione and serum neuron specific enolase(NSE)were examined.Results n-Hexane concentration in "up lasting" workshop exceeded the national exposure limit,the workers there having debilitation,body anaesthesia,difficulty in walking,crouching and standing,weakness in lower limbs,span gait,myodynamia decrease,superficial sensation decrease and tendon reflex decrease.The above indexes had significant differences with those found in the "down lasting" workshop and the controls(P0.01).The results showed that 69.1%(172/249)of the motor nerves had slow conduction velocity,24.9%(62/249)had amplitude descent,12.9%(32/249)had delayed distal latency and 75.8%(141/186)of the sensory nerves had slow velocity.2,5-Hexanedione was detected in the exposers' urine and the abnormality rate of serum NSE level was 22.6%.Conclusion Nerve system,nerve conduction velocity and level of 2,5-hexanedione and serum NSE of the workers may be affected by n-hexane that exceeds the occupational exposure limit in the workshop.


The incorporation of a standard model with n generations and softly broken N = 1 supersymmetry in a string theory of the heterotic type implies relations among the string scale. the compactification scale, the Planck mass and various couplings. We study these constraints, including running effects through two loops, and obtain severe limitations on possible consistent string unifications by requiring string loops not to be totally out of control.


The paper intends to review the fundamentals of data assimilation used in biogeochemistry from both theoretical and practical perspectives, and unify the notations at the same time. While such review paper is timely, especially as the atmospheric inver-sion and data assimilation become more broadly used in biogeochemistry, I find the paper hard to follow and it is not clear whether the paper is targeting general data assimilation researchers or people who work on biogeochemistry data assimilation. If it were the latter, I think it would be more useful to discus how data assimilation has been used in biogeochemistry, what science questions the biogeochemistry community try to address with data assimilation, and the practical differences among different data assimilation methods, challenges, and the future directions. Some part of the paper is rather too general, such as section 2.2. I would suggest a more focused paper. The


As a refractive index adjusting material Or fused to one end of the optical fiber to the GRIN lens of quartz glass containing at least one selected from ZrO When bonding the GRIN lens and the optical fiber does not use an adhesive material without the degradation of the optical properties, and can also facilitate the centering of the GRIN lens and the optical fiber array by the magnetic effects of the fusion. In addition, it is possible to extremely reduce the coupling loss by the refractive index distribution constant (g) of the GRIN lens to the appropriate range. GRIN lens, a refractive index adjusting material, a quartz glass, optical fiber, adhesive, fusion, the centering, the collimator array, the coupling loss


The growth of Tunnel Construction industry made significant improvement over the past few decades. This is fundamentally due to the increasing investments in road, rail and hydropower sectors. However, the tunnel construction industry in our country faces many challenges. This many a times lead to the incompletion of these projects, and ultimately its cost overrun and time overrun. A successful tunnel project is possible only if the risks associated with the project are identified, evaluated and managed. The main objective of this paper includes risk assessment and management of tunneling projects in developing countries like India. The procedure followed in this paper involves risks identification through literature surveys and interviews with experts, preparation of risk questionnaire to determine probability and severity of risk involved in various phases of the project, analysing the risks and suggesting risk mitigation measures for the major risks involved in the project. Case studies are also carried out to give a better insight in to the study. Keywords— Risk Analysis, IMP.I(Importance Index Technique), Risk Matrix, Risk Register, Tunneling Projects


This paper presents a framework for leader-follower type co-operative transportation of an object by multiple humanoid robots or a single robot and a human. The emphasis in this paper is on the hybrid control algorithm and motion generation of the follower robot, while the influence of the leader has been simulated as external force acting on the follower's hands. The presented approach uses impedance controller to provide compliant behaviour of robot arms and it is an extension of our previous work on dual-mode impedance controller for safe humanrobot interaction. Synthesis of the follower's legs and trunk motion is based on the reconfigurable adaptive motion primitives, which are defined as simple, parameterized motion building blocks that can be combined in a sequence or in parallel to generate complex motion. It has been already proven that motion generation, based on reconfigurable adaptive primitives enables the robot to modify gait parameters online, at any time instant, and synthesize dynamically balanced walk. Motion of the follower is based on the reactive approach, where the gait parameters (walking velocity, direction and step length) depend on intensity and direction of the external force vector. Robot end-effectors are compliant in horizontal plain, adapting to the physical guidance of the leader, while being stiff in vertical direction in order to compensate the external force in negative z-direction. The proposed framework has been tested by numerical simulations involving a dynamic robot model.


Analysis of Huangdi Neijing about constitution type combined modern research findings showed that constitution type played a key guiding effect in discussion the attack of hypertension.Five states constitution classification method,which considered comprehensive judgement of otherness in form,function,mind and outside adaptation aspects as reason of constitution type,possessed obvious advantage in the pathogenesis of hypertension by multi-factors.What's more,constitution type of Yin deficiency and phlegm damp were closely relatived with onset of hypertension.Some easy-suffering factors of hypertension,for example,salt sensitive constitution,were realized by modern medicine.Constitution type of Huangdi Neijing provided theoretical frame for getting forecasting information of incidence of hypertension,and offered new pathway and method to prevent hypertension.


In order to measure accurately the weft tensile force and set the reasonable parameters for rapier loom, it established a new test system with the help of microcomputer and sensors, and achieved the measure for weft dynamic tensile force, and used the sys-tem to measure the weft tensile force of different yarns for TT96 rapier loom. The method offers the path to process automation and enhancement of quality of products.


The highway minimum tangent lengths in the recent versions of Design Specification for Highway Alignment present uncertainty that leads mixed guidance in application.To solve this problem,first,different data of the minimum tangent lengths in some representative countries were collected and compared,and found out the source from where the minimum tangent lengths of China came.Second,using mechanics and kinematics theories,three minimum tangent length models were established,considering the superelevation runoff,acceleration-deceleration transition rate and driving operation demand during the travel.Then,in terms of driving comfort,the minimum tangent length model was established by perspective method on the basis of 3D model of different combinations of horizontal and vertical alignment.Based on the above all,the comprehensive minimum tangent length model was established.It is concluded that(1) for the minimum tangent length on curves in the same direction,visual comfort requirement is the key factor,and the value decrease as the radii increase;(2) for the minimum tangent length on curves in opposite directions,superelevation runoff and centrifugal acceleration-deceleration transition rate are dominant factors.Both the two minimum lengths are less than that in the specification.The conclusions were tested and verified available by a national arterial highway reconstruction project and is useful for the future revision of the Specification.


Abstract Microwave drying of grains is fundamentally different from either convection or conduction drying. Drying of cereal grains appears to proceed mainly in the period when the drying rate is decreasing (in the falling rate period), a characteristic of internally controlled diffusion. However, the analytical solution to Fick's second law of diffusion for a homogeneous, isotropic sphere with constant initial and boundary conditions does not adequately describe the drying behaviour. In an attempt to overcome this problem, the moisture ratio was written in terms of the surface moisture content rather than the equilibrium value. The associated surface drying coefficient, as determined by an iterative technique, was found to be expressible as a linear function of the initial free moisture content of the grain. The resulting empirical model better described the observed drying kinetics. This approach also resulted in good fits to independent data from experiments on convective drying of rough rice, microwave drying of wheat and combined microwave-fluidized bed drying of wheat.


The present invention eliminates the defect analysis and speech recognition target cellular telephone itself, wherein the target sample is obtained from an external microphone through the normal voice transmission via the air. The present invention also achieved a new mobile terminal is one kind of communication without the need for training in personal mobile information terminal based on the culture of human behavior. Stethoscope microphone installed in the surface of the skin to get the sound vibrations from the chat (oral motor) but does not use the rule to express vocal fold vibration inaudible murmur spread through the body. Vibration sound transmitted through the body by an enlarged inaudible murmur with a whisper and similar whisper itself may be heard and understood. Accordingly, the vibration sound can be used for communication via a cellular telephone. Furthermore, vibration noise inaudible sound by the human body as a transmission target of the analysis and parameters, can be achieved in a silent identified as a new input method of a mobile personal information terminal.


The Function of Cohesion in Social Interaction Two Case Studies of Developmental Disorders Quantitative Study of Developmental Disorders Interpretability and Cognition in Psychiatric Syndromes Development: Interaction of Speakers Development: Interaction of Language Systems Development of Cohesion: Task and Class in Hebrew Cohesion in Bilingual Conversation Concluding Remarks with a Neurolinguistic Study References Author Index Subject Index


This paper describes the turbulent flow of water through the orifice and double elbow using the Reynolds stress turbulence model. The characteristics of turbulent flow near the solid wall have been examined. The turbulent parameters such as velocity, kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses are analyzed in terms of the non-dimensional wall d istance parameter y + values (0 50), whereas the minimu m values of these parameters are observed in the viscous sub layer (y + < 5) or in the viscous wall region (y + < 50).


Marine animal movement is a fundamental yet poorly understood process. One of the reasons is because our understanding of movement is affected by the measurement error during the observation and process noise. Differentiating real movement behavior from observation error in data remains difficult and challenging. Methods that acknowledge uncertainty in movement pathways when estimating constantly changing animal movement have been lacking until this time. However with the arrival of state-space models, this problem is partially solved as SSMs acknowledge this problem by allowing unobservable true states to be estimated from data observed with errors which arise from imprecise observations. State-space models use Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods which generate samples from a distribution by constructing a Markov Chain where the current state only depends on the immediately preceding state. The task of fitting SSMs to data is challenging and requires large computational effort and expertise in statistics. With the arrival of the WinBUGs software, this formidable task becomes relatively easy. Though using the WinBUGs software researchers try to visualize the tracks and behaviors, new problems appear. One of the problems is that when marine animals come back to certain places or animals' tracks cross each other several times, the tracks become cluttered and users are not able to understand the direction. Another problem of visualizing the confidence intervals generated using SSMs is that images generated using other systems are static in nature and therefore lack interactivity. Information becomes cluttered when too much data appear. Users are not able to differentiate tracks, confidence intervals or the information they would like to visualize. Acknowledging these, we have designed and implemented an interactive visualization system, MarineVis, where these problems are overcome. Using our system the confidence intervals generated using the SSMs, can be visualized more clearly and the direction of the turtle tracks can be understood easily. Our system does not occlude the underlying terrain as much because the glyphs are localized at the sample points rather than being spread out around the entire path. Our system encodes both direction and position rather than just position. Users can interactively limit the view of data points as a subset of available data points on a path, in clustered regions, to reduce congestion, and can animate the progression of the animal along its trajectory which is absent in existing approaches. All these results are visualized over NASA World Wind maps that facilitates the understanding of the tracks.


Empirical research in the area of computer support of groups is characterized by inconsistent results across studies. This paper attempts to reconcile the inconsistencies by linking the ad hoc reasoning in the studies to existing theories of communication, minority influence and human information processing. Contingency models are then presented based on the theories discussed. The paper concludes by discussing the linkages between the current work and other recently published integrations of empirical GDSS research and theories of GDSS.


Illuminant chromaticity estimation is required in the fields of the tracking and recognition of human faces, compensation and detection of skin color, image reproduction, and color constancy. This article proposes a simple and effective method to estimate the illuminant chromaticity using highlights from the face region. We first select the candidate points through the detection of highlights around the leftmost pixel of the rg chromaticity space from the facial images under various illuminant conditions and then estimate the illuminant chromaticity by averaging the chromaticities of the candidate points. To enhance the illuminant chromaticity estimation accuracy, we propose a more elaborate estimation method, which effectively readjusts the candidate points of the highlight regions according to the conditions derived from two ethnic and three illuminant groups. The experiment results show that our proposed method reliably estimates the illuminant chromaticity under various color temperatures and illuminant directions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 188–199, 2014


Most feature-based lesion detection and computer-aided di- agnosis methods for medical images require representative data of each region of interest (ROI) for parameter selection. Furthermore, the spa- tial accuracy of the segmentation of the ROIs from the background can significantly aect certain image features extracted from the ROIs. How- ever, requiring spatially accurate manual segmentations of the ROIs to be used as the ground truth is infeasible for large image sets due to the amount of manual work involved. To relax the requirement of spatial accuracy and to enable spatial refinement of coarse manual segmenta- tions to have more representative feature data, a method based on color information and maximally stable extremal regions of lesion likelihoods is presented. The proposed method is quantitatively compared to several segmentation approaches by using a challenging set of retinal images with spatially accurate ground truth of exudates. The experiments show that the proposed method produces good results measured as Dice coecients between the refined segmentation and ground truth.


Game theory is a mathematical tool that allows modeling the cooperation between rational and intelligent agents. In this paper, game theory is presented as an application that proposes cooperation scenarios within the supply chain (SC) for maintaining the balance concerning logistics costs that are paid by customers of a company that distributing grocery products. From Shapley value and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) application, the balanced costs distribution among all customers were obtained. Variables such as demand, distance between all customer nodes, load capacity and vehicle performance are considered. The results obtained allowed to achieve savings closer than 40% in relation to company current distribution costs.


The 'typical' trajectory of a person with cancer has been from diagnosis, through treatment, and towards cure (life) or the end of life (death). Yet, cancer survivorship as a social practice is no longer contained by such neat categorisations. Much of the lived experience of cancer now centres on: living with, rather than beyond, disease; the perpetuity of treatment rather than the spectre of disease; and, making sense of incurability. Using a solicited diary methodology, in this article the authors seek to chronicle life with cancer for those living in the in-between – the often-overlooked lives of incurable survivors. In the analysis of survivors' diaries, the authors argue for an emphasis on the phenomenology of waiting and sociological exploration of how clinical prognostications affectively haunt the present. This, they posit, will further sociological understandings of the lived experience of affliction and care, especially within relations of chronicity and perpetuity, in this case focusing on advanced cancer and the steadily changing oncological milieu.


Abundant deposition of amyloid-β (in senile plaques) is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major component of plaques is the 39– to 43–amino acid amyloid-β peptide. Amyloid-β is generated via proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two


The problem of planning motions for a mobile robot in the presence of objects moving on unknown trajectories and with unknown velocities is addressed. The robot must follow a predefined path with a given tolerance and reach its destination by a given time without colliding with any obstacle. Objects are represented by nonintersecting discs in the plane, and the robot by a point. The proposed method relies on the use of sensors to detect obstacles, and interleaves path planning with execution. Experimental results obtained both in simulation and with a real robot are shown. >


The self-oscillating rotary percussion drilling tools are set above the bit.The drilling fluid flows through the self-oscillator with high speed and hydraulic pulse is formed and is imposed on the percussion transmission rod,following with the generation of low amplitude but high frequency mechanical shock power,which can be passed to the bit and improve the rock breaking efficiency.The generated hydraulic pulse is transmitted down further and blown off through bit ports,which will form pulse jet flow and can improve the downhole flowing domain and the efficiency of downhole cleaning.Meanwhile,the instant negative pressure pulse generates local instant underbalance and changes the rock breaking stress status of downhole rock surface,which improves the rate of penetration significantly.The system is tested in Sha-3 and Sha-4 formations in Shengli Oilfield.The results show the rate of penetration is significantly increased no matter with cone bit or PDC bit,and the rate of penetration of all the tested formation sections increases more than 30%,so the technique could be a novel method of increasing the rate of penetration.


An organizations employees play a crucial part in the building of the organization, and it is thus of high interest for the organization to keep a regular dialogue with its workforce. This thesis w ...


Objective:To study the effect of Handan Ganle(HDC-L)on transforming growth factor β_1(TGF β_1)in the process of immune liver fibrosis(ILF)formation.Methods:Rat ILF model was establishted by intraperitoneal injection of pig serum.HDGL treatment(12 weeks)was started from the beginning of modeling,and colchicine administration was taken as control.Changes of transforming growth factor β_1(TGF-β_1),collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and interstitial collagenase activity in liver were observed.Results:Typical liver fibrosis,in the model group,was formed at the 12th week,expressed in strong positive stain of TGF-β_1 in fibrous septa.But in the HDGL group,the positive stain was weaker,which was conformed with the change of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ,and negatively correlated with interstitial collagenase activity.Conclusion:HDGL could obviously inhibit the formation of TGF-β_1 and antagonize immune liver fibrosis in rats.


lish Carpathians where the efficiency of reflection seismic survey is poor as a result of complex structure of the flysch cover of the Carpathian overthrust. The main aims of the surveys were recognition of Carpathians structure, but results of them were applied to studying structure and lithological differenciation of flysch cover. The meseurements were applied in two variants. First, MT sites were located separately along profile line with a step 1–3 km. In each sounding site short, 400 m continuous profiling was carried out to eliminate effects of small near-surface resistivity inhomogenities. Second, long (up to 15 km) magnetotelluric continuous profiling was carried out as an EMAP method. The quantitative interpretation was based on 1D Occam inversion and 2D NLCG algorithm. The 1D interpretation based on the least-square inversion was made too. An initial model for LSQ inversion was created based on available geological data and results of other geophysical methods. There were two ways of recognizing resistivity of flysch cover during interpretation. The first one is using the EMAP algorithm, the second one - using 2D inversion. A combination of those two methods gives good geoelectrical model.


A major challenges of deep learning (DL) is the necessity to collect huge amounts of training data. Often, the lack of a sufficiently large dataset discourages the use of DL in certain applications. Typically, acquiring the required amounts of data costs considerable time, material and effort. To mitigate this problem, the use of synthetic images combined with real data is a popular approach, widely adopted in the scientific community to effectively train various detectors. In this study, we examined the potential of synthetic data-based training in the field of intelligent transportation systems. Our focus is on camera-based traffic sign recognition applications for advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous driving. The proposed augmentation pipeline of synthetic datasets includes novel augmentation processes such as structured shadows and gaussian specular highlights. A well-known DL model was trained with different datasets to compare the performance of synthetic and real image-based trained models. Additionally, a new, detailed method to objectively compare these models is proposed. Synthetic images are generated using a semi-supervised errors-guide method which is also described. Our experiments showed that a synthetic image-based approach outperforms in most cases real image-based training when applied to cross-domain test datasets (+10% precision for GTSRB dataset) and consequently, the generalization of the model is improved decreasing the cost of acquiring images.


In Erlangen multigap Pseudospark switches are under development to meet the requirements of the pulse forming network (PFN) for the SIS100/300 kicker magnets which are: hold-off voltage > 70 kV, peak current of ~ 6 kA and pulse duration of up to 6 μs. In the final phase of development a three-gap switch will be used. As reliable triggering is a key problem, different trigger methods were investigated to provide reliable breakdown of the switch acceptable delay and jitter values. A novel scheme, the carbon nanotube trigger system provided very good switching characteristics, but still suffers from very low lifetime (< 10) due to erosion in the ambient gas atmosphere (D2 ~60 Pa) in the switch. A quite different and already widely tested system of the so-called highdielectric trigger module was significantly improved by using thicker dielectric discs (6 mm instead of 1 mm) and new materials. Such a high-dielectric trigger module with a flat and partly metallized electrode (e.g. by a grid or " metal fingers"), and a dielectric in between is shown in Figure 1. "finger" contact "plate" contact high-dielectric material


The Health Sciences Library and Information Center was awarded a contract from the National Library of Medicine to apply the MetathesaurusTm, one of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Knowledge Sources, to the University of Washington's online search interface, Willow. The overall plan is to make the Metathesaurus accessible both as a key index for MEDLINE searchers and as a terminology and concept resource to health information analysts. This poster describes a study which evaluated the use and utility of the Coach Metathesaurus Browser for MEDLINE search construction. Results of the pilot evaluation were incorporated into the implementation design. These questions guided the design of this study: 1. What do searchers experience and report when using the Metathesaurus to construct MEDLINE searches? 2. Which features of the Metathesaurus browser do searchers consider useful for MEDLINE searching? 3. How do searches constructed using the University of Washington (UW) system compare with Metathesaurus-assisted searches, in selection of terms and also in number of relevant citations retrieved? Ten clinicians with experience searching MEDLINE on the University system participated in this evaluation. The group included four physicians, three nurses and three dentists. Each searcher used both the IJW system and the Coach Metathesaurus Browser to construct MEDLINE searches in response to two NLM "Gold Standard Search" questions. In this study, qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques combined to capture a holistic, user-oriented view of the online search process. Using a "think-aloud" protocol, study participants' thoughts and reactions were audiotaped as they used the UW search interface and the Metathesaurus browser. Search activities were observed and tallied. Searchers also answered twelve scripted questions about the online tools. Each searcher's Metathesaurus searches were measured against his or her UW interface constructions, and both retrieval sets were compared to the "Gold Standard" retrieval set for each question. Study participants reported satisfaction with the ability of the Metathesaurus to "map" their queries to appropriate controlled vocabulary, an improvement over the alphabetic MeSH browse list available on Willow. Other well-liked features included the concept definitions, MEDLINE postings information, and concept co-occurrence postings. The complexity of the Metathesaurus browser made it difficult for most study participants to evaluate it fully after one brief session. This repeated comment influenced the interface design process for implementation of the Metathesaurus at UW: a streamlined tool is in development, with the most important features immediately visible. Additional features will be available as buttons off the main screen, for more advanced users. A full report of qualitative findings, analysis of search constructions and results will be presented at the poster session.


As a kind of UNB modulation method, time-phase modulation has a specialty that its power spectrum is concentrated around the carrier frequency. Thus, it can work within a narrow channel interval without interfering the conventional communication system. In this paper, the performance of multiple users was analyzed for time-phase modulation based on the correlation coefficient. It can be found that wider carrier frequency difference between adjacent users is necessary for time-phase modulation due to the modulated information consisted in the very wide sideband. Moreover, the influence between multi-users will fluctuate versus the difference of carrier frequency, which diminishes as a whole when the difference of carrier frequency increases.


The present paper reports the formation of negative images for negative diazotype process based on the using of the MEM (methoxethoxymethyl) ether of a-naphthol and naphthol AS-4L as blocked couplers; BIueBB-PFb(4-benzoylamino-2,5-diethoxybenzene diazonium hexafluorophosphate) as diazo component. UV-vis absorption spectra of the imaging films have been measured and the characteristic curves have been discussed. The structure of an unblocked coupler has been determined by GC / MS analysis to describe blocked-coupler imaging chemistry.


This paper presents an initial survey of the properties of accretion flows in the Kerr metric from three-dimensional, general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accretion tori. We consider three fiducial models of tori around rotating, both prograde and retrograde, and nonrotating black holes; these three fiducial models are also contrasted with axisymmetric simulations and a pseudo-Newtonian simulation with equivalent initial conditions, to delineate the limitations of these approximations. There are both qualitative and quantitative differences in the fiducial models, with many of these effects attributable to the location of the marginally stable orbit, rms(a), both with respect to the initial torus and in absolute terms. In the retrograde model, the initial inner edge of the torus is close to rms, and little angular momentum need be lost to drive accretion, whereas in the prograde case the gas must slowly accrete over a significant distance and shed considerable angular momentum. Evolution is driven by the magnetorotational instability and the nonzero Maxwell stresses produced by the turbulence and results in a redistribution of the specific angular momentum to near-Keplerian values. The magnetic energy remains subthermal within the turbulent disk, but dominates in the final plunging flow into the hole. The Maxwell stress remains nonzero in this plunging flow inside of rms, and the fluid's specific angular momentum continues to drop. The accretion rate into the hole is highly time-variable and is determined by the rate at which gas from the turbulent disk is fed into the plunging flow past rms. The retrograde model, with the largest rms, shows the least variability in accretion rate. While accretion variability is a function of a, the turbulence itself is also intrinsically variable. A magnetized, backflowing corona and an evacuated, magnetized funnel are features of all models.


Although not a native Chicagoan, I have lived in Chicagoland (as locals like to refer to the Windy City and its environs) for more than 23 years now. One popular item of local lore is the above admonition, which is attributed to that infamous Chicago celebrity, Al Capone. Although this editorial has nothing to do with voting, I am always reminded of that quote when advising someone to do something more frequently, such as checking e-mail or smelling the roses. In this case, I am inviting our readers to peruse the AJSM more often. To facilitate this endeavor, the AJSM will begin appearing monthly in 2005. I would like to categorically deny any rumors that we are the target of a class-action lawsuit from readers who claim to have suffered musculoskeletal overuse injuries from holding and transporting the heftier issues of 2004, not to mention the psychological trauma of confronting the larger amount of information that has been arriving when each issue hits their doorsteps or desktops. Nevertheless, in this era of the 20-second sound bite, we suspect that the concept of divvying up our content into 12 smaller, more easily digestible portions will appeal to our readers. Papers that just miss inclusion in one issue will only have to wait a month before they see the light of day. Readers will be able to "read early" as well as often, as AJSM Preview will continue to provide an online peek at forthcoming articles. Other changes for 2005 appear in our structured abstracts. We are now asking our contributors to select the description of their study designs from a finite list of choices listed below. The explanations of these study designs have been distilled from a number of sources, including the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM). We anticipate that this change will make it easier for readers to recognize the basic methodology of each published study and compare it to others throughout the literature. Included with each study design, if appropriate, will be the "level of evidence" category assigned to that study type by the CEBM. A given study design is usually assigned a certain corresponding level of evidence, although there is some latitude depending on the details of the investigation's methodology. The CEBM is an organization based in Oxford, England, that was founded to help physicians practice evidencebased medicine. The term evidence-based medicine refers to a method of practicing medicine, not of doing research. It calls on medical practitioners to make each decision in the course of caring for their patients based on the best available evidence in the medical literature. As part of this process, the CEBM has created a matrix listing the types of data that can be used to help in each kind of medical decision (diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, etc) that assigns a hierarchical "level of evidence" to each publication according to its scientific methodology. The level of evidence assignment helps the practitioner to decide how much to rely on a given publication when formulating a clinical decision. The "highest" level of evidence is usually considered to be the synthesis of a number of individual studies of high quality, whereas the "lowest" is expert opinion based on anecdotal experience. Because the process is designed specifically to assist in the promulgation of clinical decisions, only study types that are pertinent to clinical decision making are assigned a level of evidence in the CEBM matrix. We hope that using standardized study descriptions and identifying the level of evidence in the abstracts of our articles will make it easier for readers to follow the principles of evidence-based medicine when caring for their own patients. Our new monthly publication schedule will allow them to access the evidence more often.


Arguing about Antichrist. Cornelis Uythage's (about 1640–1686) scholarly provocations In 1666, the now forgotten Leiden scholar Cornelis Uythage published his book Anti-Christus Mahometes, wherein he argued that Mohammed was the grand Antichrist. This led to a vehement quarrel with the Leiden Church council, who accused him of dissenting from the Reformed position that the Pope was the Antichrist. Uythage had a talent for provocation. Both at his philosophical and theological promotions, in 1662 and 1663 respectively, he wilfully challenged established authorities; his theological promotion caused a huge uproar. The provocative stance he showed throughout his career is in line with the fierce ecclesiastical and philosophical disputes at the time. As a scholar, however, Uythage was behind the times. He appears to have been moved by a spirit of contradiction rather than by any real concerns. Since he did not have any philosophical or political program, in the end his protests could be easily neutralized.


This paper focuses on examinations of asphalt-cement mixtures (ACM). This is a recycled material which can be used in road pavement layers. In the article stiffness modulus tests and fatigue tests of asphalt-cement mixtures were shown. The authors decided to lead research on fatigue durability of asphalt-cement mixtures to set fatigue characteristics of these materials. So far in research or other works any adequate fatigue criterion for ACM mixtures has not been developed. As a result of the examinations a level of fatigue damage was suggested. For new fatigue damage a strain level in one million load cycle was estimated. Based on that a fatigue design criterion for asphalt-cement mixtures was estimated.


We calculate upper and lower bounds for the minimal norm of projections from continuous functions onto polynomials of a given maximal degree. This is done by a discretization of the basic interval, the calculation of the minimal projection for the discretized problem by the simplex method, and an estimation of the discretization error according to an approach of Motte [3]. Explicit bounds for norms of minimal projections into polynomial spaces up to the degree 10 are tabulated. AMS Subject classification: 41A10 41A35 41A44


Air pollution is a major health risk, but the underlying chemical mechanisms are not yet well understood. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the epithelial lining fl uid (ELF), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is the most abundant ROS in the human body. Here, we show that H 2 O 2 concentrations in the ELF may be primarily determined by the release of endogenous H 2 O 2 and the inhalation of ambient gas-phase H 2 O 2 , while the chemical production of H 2 O 2 through inhaled PM2.5 is less important. The production of hydroxyl radicals ( c OH), however, was strongly correlated with Fenton chemistry of PM2.5 in the model calculations. Hence, our fi ndings suggest that the adverse health e ff ects of PM2.5 may not be primarily related to direct chemical production of H 2 O 2 , but rather to the conversion of peroxides into more reactive species such as the c OH radical, or the stimulation of biological ROS production. The analysis highlights remaining uncertainties in the relevant physical, chemical and biological parameters, suggesting a critical reassessment of current paradigms in elucidating and mitigating the health e ff ects of di ff erent types of air pollutants.


Low hill area is the important part of marketable grain base in northeast,which is also important for state's grain safety and sustainable development.On the basis of analyzing properties and present situation of local ecological economy,the study establish the optimal pattern of land use structure with the application of system engineering and operational research in this area.And according to renovating for local environment and optimal systematically control,the ecological pattern was formed: pine on the top of mountain,fruit tree in mountainside,pool in the foot of mountain,fish in the pool and paddy in the field.At the same time,development of livestock husbandry's production and agricultural primary products' further process,development of second and third industry using surplus labor jointly form the economical pattern: mainly relying on agriculture,considering livestock husbandry's production and second and third industry meanwhile.Their combination consists of the pattern of ecological economical structure in this area,and offer the basis and model for other same-kind area.


The mass flux entering the Fick's diffusion equation is considered as an arbitrary analytical function of concentration, concentration gradient, and of the gradient of concentration gradient. The restrictions imposed on the flux by the principle of material objectivity are stated and briefly discussed.


Aim: To explore the expression of hTERT mRNA and C-myc in oromaxillofacial sarcoma (OMFS) tissue.Methods: The expression of hTERT mRNA and C-myc in 37 OMFS, 14 benign mesenchymal tumors and 3 normal tissue from oral and maxillofacial region, were determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The positive rate of hTERT mRNA and C-myc in OMFS were significantly higher than those of benign tumor and normal tissue (P0.05), and tended to increase with pathological grades. There was a close correlation between the expression of hTERT mRNA and C-myc protein (r=0.417,P0.05) in OMFS tissue.Conclusion: C-myc could activate hTERT gene, which was closely associated with the tumorigenesis and development of OMFS.


This paper studies inter-organisational innovation networks, investigating the relations between the structure of the connections among members and a given node's characteristic. Such relations are used to provide some insights into the attitude of network innovation. We propose an original methodology that considers nodes belonging to two different classes detecting the available configurations. The intensity of connections, as an additional layer of information, is also included to examine its relative influence on the network topology. We complete the analysis through the introduction of a qualitative intensity/connectance matrix that attempts to connote the innovation attitude of the network. We test the methodology on a real case study, discussing the detected configuration and the implication in terms of innovation attitude.


Taste bud structure and taste preferences in intact and desalivated animals were evaluated to ascertain whether there was a structure-function relationship. Thirty-three totally desalivated rats and 30 sham-operated controls were tested between 95 and 110 d after surgery with a 48-hour two-bottle preference paradigm; they were then sacrificed, and the tongue epithelium and circumvallate papillae taste buds were examined histologically. Desalivated rats manifested significantly increased preferences for normally avoided solutions. Histological study of the dorsal tongue epithelium revealed increased keratosis. There were qualitative changes in the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae with some taste buds appearing shrunken and disorganized.


Alloy 617, an attractive material not particularly developed for nuclear use, is now being considered as a leading candidate alloy by several countries for applications in the Gen IV Nuclear Energy Systems. An extensive review of its existing data suggests that it would be beneficial to refine the alloy s specification to a nuclear grade for the intended Gen IV systems. In this paper, rationale for developing a nuclear grade of the alloy is first discussed through an analysis on existing data from various countries. Then initial experiments for refining the alloy specification are described. Preliminary results have suggested the feasibility of the refinement approach, as well as the possibility for achieving a desirable nuclear grade. Based on the results, further research activities are recommended.


To deliver a high quality and safe medicines, it is a must to certify the vendor according to the GMP requirement. This quali ication is done to prevent the adverse events, prevent the recalls or serious illness or death due to the low standard quality of manufactured medicines. Vendor quali ication is the process by which a vendor is assessed to determine, if it can provide the required goods or services to the standards that the purchasing company requires. This article explains about the detailed procedure for qualifying rawmaterial vendors, packaging vendors and service providers. This also explains the vendor assessment and the reassessment. Vendor re-assessment must be carried out at least once a year for each packaging material and the raw material. The manufactured part number is used for tracking. Supply Chain Management team (SCM) should request the QA department to generate Manufacturing Part Number. Explained about the vendor rating. The vendormust be disquali ied if the batch will not adhere to speci ication of critical tests. For further evaluation and investigation, vendor must be once again quali ied. Vendor must be informed regarding the removal and the reasons must be explained clearly. Vendor Relationship Management (SRM), is systematic planning and managing of all interactions with suppliers to maximize its value.


A new modified electrode, FMGCE, was prepared by electrodeposition of fisetin (F) at the surface of a preactivated glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical properties of this electrode. The charge transfer rate constant, ks, and transfer coefficient, αs, for electron transfer between electrode substrate and surface deposited F were calculated as 16.34 s−1 and 0.54, respectively. The electrode ability towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and ascorbic acid (AA) was also studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry as diagnostic techniques. The catalytic currents of NADH and AA were used for determination of heterogeneous rate constant, kh, of these substrates oxidation at the surface of modified electrode. The diffusion coefficients of both substrates were also estimated using chronoamperometric results. Finally, FMGCE was used as voltammetric and amperometric sensors for determination of NADH and AA in quiet and moving solutions respectively. The calculated limit of detection of NADH and AA by voltammetry were 0.06 and 0.05 mM, respectively. While, these values decrease to 2.4 and 1.8 μM, respectively for an amperometric procedure. The latter method was used successfully for quantification of AA in some real samples.


PURPOSE: A communications network and communications course setting up method between a terminal and base station thereof is provided to use the merits of an infrastructure based network and the merits of an ad hoc network efficiently. CONSTITUTION: A base station(102) detects second wireless channel state information between terminals and the base station itself periodically. The base station is provided first wireless channel state information from the terminals. The base station periodically selects the terminal of communication with the information of the first and second radio channel states using one or more communication terminals and a communicating special terminal during communication. The base station selects the communications course and renews.


In the developed world we take for granted that the city is separated into functional zones organized by land use law: a commercial zone here, a residential district there, and over there, as far away as possible, an industrial zone. We tend to forget that the "rationalization" of land use is a largely 20th-century phenomenon and one that is largely confined to the so-called Industrial West. This radical segregation of the landscape of work from the landscape of shopping or home is being rapidly undercut by global shifts in the nature of work and who derives the economic benefits of these labors. As intelligent and semi-intelligent computer-aided tools eliminate middle-level skill occupations, we are left with a stratified workforce of highly specialized and highly paid workers in finance, technology, medicine, and engineering on one hand and a much larger cohort of low-skill, poorly paid service workers on the other. We now find that a new generation of wage earners, the Millennials, face a job market where stagnant salaries are the norm, secure employment increasingly rare, large student loan obligations common, and elevated housing costs nearly universal.


I would like to express my appreciation to Bill Marshall for taking on the task of editing a special journal section on therapeutic processes in the treatment of the sex offender. Bill has pulled together an excellent set of papers describing various aspects of therapy. I am sure that all readers of Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment will appreciate these insights into treatment processes and therapist effects.


The article reviews sustainable electrical energy production with wind and pumped storage, status of resynchronization of the two UCTE synchronous zones, and progress of the Mediterranean Ring and the interconnection with North Africa. It considers transmission system developments and interconnections, in addition to implementing technology in power generation in Europe with respect to the Kyoto Protocol. The final part of the article examines technical aspects for interconnecting the largest European power systems of UCTE, NORDEL, and IPS/UPS by back-to-back converters and synchronously.


The feature concludes with Part VI, a brief overview of how professional preparation should train students to fulfill the roles needed to help implement these extracurricular programs in a direct or consultative manner.


Systematic decision making tools have been generally overlooked by college and university decision makers. There is a noteworthy need in academic management for further utilization of decision theory techniques, subjective probability, and mathematical model building.


The sediment pressure-holding transfer subsystem is mainly designed for 10,000-meter seabed sediments. This set of equipment mainly uses high-pressure pumps and cooling circulation systems to keep the whole set of equipment in the seabed in-situ environment, including pressure and temperature. The sediment samples taken from the 10,000-meter sampler were transferred in the in-situ state of the seabed and transferred directly to the laboratory culture kettle for subsequent research. This paper mainly introduces the specific design, working process, calculation of key components and ANSYS analysis and maritime arrangement of the pressure-holding transfer subsystem.


(5-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamic acid methyl ester (parbendazole) was synthesized from p,n-butylaniline. The process were acylation, nitration, hydrolysis, redu-ctioncyclization. First acylation and nitration were held in one pot method to obtain 4-n-butyl-2-niroacetanilide. then methanol as solvent, after alkaline hydrolysis and using Pd/C as catalyzer,at 40℃,0.5MPa,4-n-butyl-o-phenylenediamine was obtained. At last selecting methy-lcyanocarbamate as cyclization reagent,the final product was produced. This process has less technological conditions and lower costs. The overall yield was 41.8%. It was suitable for industrial production.


Studying religion and society is a complex phenomenon, especially given the great transformations wrought by global capitalism. As Sociologists, we struggle to make sense of the impacts of increased privatization, deregulation of markets, refiguring of civil society, democratization, technological innovations, the spread of and challenges to individual liberties, proliferation of popular culture through mass communications, cultural amalgamation, shifting balances in rural-urban demography, increased participation of women in the global workforce, challenges to our conception of gender and sexuality, and many other social transformations made possible or altered by the spread of global capitalism. All of these changes impact and shape the role of religion and religious ideology in modern social life, redefining our understanding of the sacred and the secular as they function as both social and individualized phenomena. As Jose Casanova argued in Public Religions in the Modern World (1994), religion was once a communityoriented belief system that, aided by global flows, had come to be expressed in more privatized forms of the sacred. But these shifts are nowhere fixed and stable. In 1969, in Sacred Canopy: Elements of A Sociological Theory of Religion, Peter Berger, a seminal theorist of sociology of religion, argued that secularization was inevitable in a rapidly globalizing world. However, three decades later, in his The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics (1999), Berger made a different argument that a contra-process of desecularization had risen to address the stresses and challenges of this totalizing globalization and that religion would be resurgent as an important facet of daily social, political and economic life.


Orange juice was fermented with S. cerevisiae using natural (NJ) or pasteurized (PJ) juice, at 2 pHs (3.5 or 4.0) and at 2 temperatures of fermentation (10 or 20°C) and 2 of aging (10 or 20°C). Reducing sugars (RS) and total sugars (TS), aminoN and yeast counts were determined during 4 stages: initial, fermentation, bottling and aging (4 months). Sugars and ethanol were determined as well at the end. RS and TS decreased during the fermentation for both musts as well as amino-N, later remaining almost constant. Yeast counts were 2×106/mL (NJ) and 7×106/mL (PJ). Fructose (80-90%) and glucose (<20%) were detected after bottling but not sucrose. Ethanol reached 60-80 g/L (NJ) and 80-85 g/L (PJ). Sugars and amino-N increased slightly during aging, but ethanol decreased in NJ and increased slightly in PJ. Yeast counts decreased. Yeasts metabolized almost all sugars and amino-N during the fermentation for growing; later, during ethanol production there were almost no changes up to bottling, occurring their lysis.


TGFP from Bakers' yeast was extracted with acidic ethanol and precipitated with ether,' then fractionated on a P-60 molecular sieve column followed by reverse-phase HPLC using a C-18 column. This preparation substituted for human TGFP in the soft agar assay with NRK-49F2 in the presence of EGF, increasing significantly the number of colonies. The yeast preparation was alternatively purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody against human TGFS coupled to CNBr-Sepharose 4B. The TGFP used in hybridoma production was extracted from human placenta with acidic ethanol, precipitated with ether,' and resolved by SDS-PAGE? The region of the gel corresponding to 25,000 molecular weight was then electrophoretically eluted and concentrated. This protein was reduced and alkylated according to the procedure of Waxdal et al. prior to use as immunogen. Hybridoma production was by standard fusion and screening procedures as described in Hammerling et ~ 1 . ~ The acidic ethanol-extracted, ether-precipitated yeast proteins were bound to the immunoaffinity column in phosphate-buffered saline. The proteins were eluted with 0.2 M glycine buffer (pH 2 .5 ) containing 10% dioxane. The eluate yielded seven immunologically crossreactive proteins with molecular weights of 25,000,25,700,30,000, 35,000, 50,000 and 60,000 as determined by SDS-PAGE (FIG. 1). The preparation exhibited the ability to stimulate the uptake of methylaminoisobutyrate via system A by NRK-49F cells similar to that observed with human TGFD when assayed as described by Boerner et aL6 (FIG. 2 ) .


The purpose of this study was to explore lived experience of teachers in teaching children with intellectual disabilities (CWID) in Burka Bekumsa Inclusive Primary School. A qualitative approach with phenomenological design was employed to obtain the required information from regular and special needs education (SNE) teachers. The study involved six teachers who were selected purposively for having experience of teaching CWID. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Findings of the study revealed that the education of CWID focuses on helping them acquire some basic daily life skills such as dining, personal hygiene, greetings and basic academic skills related to counting, self-awareness and environmental recognition which involve naming body parts, objects and animals. It was found that the educational experiences organized by the teachers and the school benefited the children in developing independent life skills, communication, behavior, relationships with typical children and teachers. The study also found that teachers' skill of teaching and relationship with the CWID was improved successively as a result of familiarity with the behavior and ways of learning acquisition among CWID. Lack of relevant training for teachers on inclusion of CWID, shortage of classroom and appropriate educational materials, lack of incentives for teachers and weak parental involvement in the education of their children were identified as outstanding problems in educating the CWID. It is recommended that skill-related trainings and incentive packages should be organized for teachers to compensate for the demanding work, basic instructional resources should be allocated, and parents should be encouraged and empowered to take part in the education of their children.


Using seismic measurement technology can establish a set of weak vibration monitoring alarm system, widely used in all kinds of blasting factor of monitoring and alarming. This paper introduces the system design and implement of software. The authors have developed a set of VC++ in vibration monitoring alarm system, realize the real-time data acquisition software, data analysis and processing of wireless transmission, signal, vibration event alarm, data storage playback discriminant functions.


Aims This scoping review aimed to identify and analyse studies utilising Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) to design and/or disseminate a mental health (MH) intervention with underserved communities around the globe. This was with the intention of updating the knowledge base on this area, and identifying both areas of promise in this field as well as any gaps for future work to fill. Method This scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Scoping Review Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Three databases, Scopus, PubMed and Sage Journals, were searched to identify relevant studies, using the three terms 'CBPR', 'underserved' and 'mental health', and words to the equivalent. Result The search identified 607 English-language sources published between 1st January 2010 and 30th June 2020. Following duplicate removal, screening and bibliography scanning, 34 highly relevant studies remained. The studies were varied in their chosen context, MH gap, how they gave meaning to the participatory approach, how they defined their successes, and what strengths and challenges were encountered in CBPR's application to this field. Briefly, all bar one of the studies were focused on underserved communities within high-income countries (HICs); many focused solely on women and youth groups; and finally, the use of technology and talking therapies were noted to achieve particular success. Conclusion CBPR is commonly used to engage the underserved through long-term partnership building and equitable stakeholder involvement, shifting the dialogue from research on to research with communities. This unique, needs-oriented approach harbours mutual ownership of the research, empowering historically disenfranchised individuals to become actively involved in reducing identified health disparities. In the field of MH, this is of great importance and need in many underserved communities due to issues of access, heightened by a distrust in mainstream services as well as by the stigma attached to MH conditions. As compared to studies in this field ten years ago, CBPR has become much more established, with this review noting a remarkable increase in MH projects utilising this approach. Furthermore, the addition of new technologies to this field was shown to offer significant promise in overcoming access barriers, hoping to ultimately narrow identified MH gaps. Nonetheless, further work on the prevailing gender and HIC biases, and for a review including relevant Spanish-language studies, are still required in order to form a more global overview of this field.


Christopher Chase-Dunn is a Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Research on World-Systems at the University of California-Riverside. Chase-Dunn has done cross-national quantitative studies of the effects of dependence on foreign investment, and he studies cities and settlement systems in order to explain human sociocultural evolution. His research focuses on interpolity systems, including both the modern global political economy and earlier regional world-systems. Email: email@example.com of this journal. Tausch accurately summarised the history of the emergence of dependency theory in Latin America and its application to other regions of the world. He also raised a clarion call regarding the potential negative effects that high levels of dependence on investment by foreign transnational corporations might have on developed countries as well as those in the global south. The big points are that, despite the claims of the ideologues of global capitalism, the world is not flat, and indeed it has not got flatter during the decades of the neoliberal globalisation project. There is still a very hierarchical structure of global power and wealth, and if both within-country and between-country inequalities are taken together, the amount of global inequality has not declined since it increased greatly during the nineteenth century (Bornschier 2010). The other big point that Tausch makes is that his more recent study of the effects of dependence on foreign investment found the same negative long-term effects on economic growth and positive effects on within-country income inequality. Since Tausch's re-analysis there has been a revolution in the methodology employed in quantitative cross-national research based on the use of fixed effects models, the control for idiosyncratic differences across countries. These models require large numbers of country-year data points because the statistical controls eat up degrees of freedom, but the results are more robust than the techniques that were used in the old days. What needs to be done now is another update of the tests for long-term effects of dependence on foreign investment to see if the negative effects found for earlier decades are still present. Tausch's prescient warnings regarding the potential for negative effects of investment dependence on core countries seem to have been borne out in the years since his article was published (Mahutga, Roberts and Kwon 2017). An interesting recent article by economist Dani Rodrik (2018) observes that the neoliberal globalisation project produced left-wing populist movements in Latin America (the so-called Pink Tide) and right-wing populist movements in Europe. World-system analysts (Arrighi 1994; Wallerstein 2004) have noted that industrial production has largely moved from the core to the non-core, but rather than flattening the world, this has been accompanied by the extension and reorganisation of modes of control and exploitation based on financial transactions and foreign investment. The economic rise of China and India has not much reduced by overall amount of global inequality, especially if we consider the growth


Objective To study the clinical effect of the improved method of gastric lavage with electric gastrolavage machine. Methods Fifty-two cases acute poisoning with organophosphorus pesticide which need to be performed with gastric lavage were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was performed with the improved method, the control group was performed with traditional method.The clinical effect of the two groups were studied. Results Comparing the period of gastric lavage and vomiting rates during gastric lavage between two groups shows the difference is great significant statistically (P0.01) with quantitative analysis. The content of organophosphorus pesticide in vomitus 2 h after gastric lavage between two groups show the difference is significant (P 0.05). Conclusion The improved method of gastric lavage can clean poisons in stomach more effectively , decrease the period of gastric lavage and prevent vomiting during and after gastric lavage.


Nanosensors based on graphene nanoribbon, studied in the present work, could provide a special interest in (aero) space applications. More specifically, the paper proposes the construction of a nanosensor based on Mn (Manganese) impurities. Different spin configurations of the Mn atoms are considered. The mathematical model used to determine the spin transport is based on Kohn-Sham equations. The spin-dependent transmission functions are calculated using the formalism of the non- equilibrium Green's functions. The implementation of the mathematical model is performed in the SIESTA package. The spin transport properties are determined using the first principle calculations using density functional theory. The graphene nanoribbon with transition metal impurities is based on active element - the system of spins - which is influenced by the external perturbation field. Such nanostructures may serve as spatial applications. The differences between different excited states are determined and it is established that the energy range overlaps the mid-infrared wavelengths.


In this paper we have studied the migration of a colloidal particle under the influence of an external electric field in an electrolyte solution. The colloidal particle is considered to be rigid or a composite particle. The composite particle, the "soft particle", consist an inner hard core coated with a concentric porous layer containing uniformly distributed fixed charges. Situations in which the particle translates along the direction of the imposed electric field with electrophoretic velocity as well as velocity higher than that, is considered. The nonlinear electrokinetic motion and forces experienced by the particle is evaluated through solving the Navier-Stokes, Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations. A pressure correction based iterative algorithm is adopted for the numerical computations. The effect of nonlinear inertial terms in Navier-Stokes equations on the polarization of the EDL and ion distribution near the particle is analyzed. The dependence of hydrodynamic drag and electrostatic force experienced by the particle under several flow conditions is studied. Our results show that as the particle velocity rises from its electrophoretic velocity the hydrodynamic drag gradually approaches the Stokes drag and the electric force diminishes. At large translational speed of the particle, the net charge distribution around the particle is governed by both diffusion and advection mechanisms.


Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity have been identified as risk factors for invasive Group B Streptococcal (GBS) infection in non-pregnant adults. We used data from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to confirm these findings and determine if poor diabetic control (elevated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)) or extreme weight (body mass index (BMI)) impacted risk. Methods We examined the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse to identify veterans active in VHA between 2008 and 2017 with invasive GBS infection according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance definitions. We used International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes to determine a diagnosis of DM and stratified veterans by the highest HbA1c and first BMI in a given year. Absent HbA1c among those with DM were recorded as such. For years without BMI, the most recent BMI was carried forward. Results Between 2008 and 2017, the rate of invasive GBS infection for veterans with HbA1C ≥9.5% ranged from 55 to 104 /100,000 person-years (Figure 1). Rates in the next-highest risk group (HbA1c 7.5%–9.4%) were 24 to 36/100,000 person-years. Veterans with a BMI ≥40 (extremely obese; n = 798) or ≤18.5 (underweight; n = 99) had similarly elevated rates of invasive GBS infection (26 to 37/100,000 and 15 to 33/100,000 person-years, respectively) while those with BMI of 18.5–40 ranged from 6 to 13/100,000 person-years (Figure 2). Among those with HbA1c ≥9.5%, the most common type of infection was osteomyelitis (500/1,182; 42%; Table 1). Pneumonia was most common among patients with a BMI, Table 2. Conclusion Our study confirms that DM and obesity are notable risk factors for invasive GBS infection among veterans. The risk is substantially increased in patients with poorly controlled DM and morbid obesity. The high rate of invasive GBS infections among the small proportion of underweight veterans may reflect long-standing type 1 DM or other chronic diseases. Effective interventions to reduce the burden of invasive GBS infection among veterans should target individuals with poorly controlled DM, morbid obesity and those markedly underweight. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


In this paper we present a mathematical model for estimate the collapse time of a gas bubble in a vane of a oil gerotor pump. This amount of time cannot be greater of the total time spent by the pump for filling and then emptying out a vane in a single revolution, otherwise there is a loss of lubrication between internal and external gears. We assume that oil is incompressible and viscous, the bubble has a spherical shape and it is not translating into the external fluid. The analytical treatment of the model shows that the Navier-Stokes equations for the velocity field of the oil can be reduced to a single non linear ordinary differential equation for the variation in time of the bubble radius. The collapse time estimated by a numerical resolution of this equation and the collapse time calculated from an analytical resolution of the linearized equation are substantially equal.


Phase-domain line models and, specifically, the Universal Line Model (ULM) are among the most used transmission line and cable representations in electromagnetic transient analysis. It is shown in this paper that these models involve two types of convolution processes; thus, their practical implementation can be done through digital filters. It is shown that the standard implementation of the ULM corresponds to a well-known filter realization: the parallel array of first order filters. Two additional model realizations are reported here that are based on parallel arrays of second order filters: one with canonical structures and the other with lattices. These three realizations are tested on an application example.


 The initial Clearfield ® sunflower production system is known as ImiSun system. Besides the Clearfield tolerance trait of this system, background genotype and environmental conditions could have a significant impact on the required commercial tolerance – which is defined as tolerance to the 2x rate of a registered imidazolinone herbicide. Yellowing and stunting of ImiSun Clearfield sunflowers are occasionally observed as reaction of the imidazolinone treatment. An optimization process of the herbicidal efficacy for improved weed control either by rate or uptake increase of the herbicide would be limited by the tolerance of ImiSun sunflowers.  The development of the new tolerance trait Clearfield Plus – which is based on the novel mutation CLHAPlus with a much higher imidazolinone tolerance allows a significantly enhanced weed control efficacy through the improvement of herbicide formulation and adjuvant without negative effect on crop tolerance. For instance, current herbicide offers for ImiSun sunflowers in Europe include Pulsar ® 40 which contains Tween20 as a built-in surfactant because Tween20 as a reliable non-ionic surfactant for a systemic herbicide such as imazamox is best suited for a good balance between weed control and crop tolerance.  With the enhanced tolerance of CLHA-Plus, field experiments were conducted in Europe, US and Argentina between 2007 and 2011 to investigate new adjuvants for Pulsar40 to replace or complement Tween20 for improved weed control. All experiments were conducted as randomized complete-block designs with three or four replications and products where applied postemergence broadcast between 2 to 6 leaf of stage of sunflower. Visual estimates of weed control where determined using a scale of 0 (no control) to 100% (plant death). DASH ® , a proprietary adjuvant blend of petroleum hydrocarbons, naphthalene, and oleic acid was found to be the most effective combination for improving weed control efficacy; it allowed the reduction of the use rate of imazamox from 50 to 40 g ai/ha while maintaining the same control efficacy on major weed species like Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria spp, Setaria spp. and Chenopodium album. On average across all weeds and application timings the addition of DASH improved efficacy and consistency of weed control by Pulsar40.  The higher imidazolinone tolerance of the Clearfield Plus trait allows the use of a stronger adjuvant and a better formulation for imidazolinone herbicides and consequently a more flexible and reliable weed control in sunflower by maximizing the herbicidal efficacy per ai unit without any penalty on tolerance.  The increased herbicide performance on difficult to control weeds and possible relaxed re-cropping restrictions through herbicide rate reduction with the new Clearfield Plus system provide sunflower growers a better tool to manage weeds and add to the value of the new Clearfield Plus sunflower production system.


Elevated smoking prevalence among transit workers suggests that cessation services may not be appropriately tailored to this occupational group, resulting in treatment underutilization. The authors conducted 11 focus groups with employees (N = 71) at a transit agency based in Oakland, California, to explore workers' views and experiences regarding perceived barriers to participation in health maintenance organization smoking cessation treatment. Key themes that emerged from content analysis of the focus group transcripts included smoking for perceived immediate relief from work stress, concerns about pharmacotherapy side effects, and structural barriers to treatment such as work shift schedules. This information can be used to tailor interventions aimed at effective tobacco cessation efforts with this workforce.


Phase noise estimation is a significant issue in coherent fiber-optic communication systems. In this project we develop a symbol-by-symbol phase noise estimation algorithm for 16-QAM which is evaluated for coherent Polarization Multiplexing (POLMUX). Two polarizations X and Y are affected by common phase noise, and each one has it own estimates of the common phase noise. On the other hand, the combination of these two estimates is also derived. It is demonstrated that the information fusion enhances performance of the fiber-optic communication system with respect to two criteria: probability of cycle slips and estimation error variance. Through the Monte Carlo simulations, it is verified that the proposed phase noise estimator can cope with laser linewidths of up to 2.0 MHz in high SNR regimes, at 100 Gb/s.


In this paper we deal with online estimation of an parameter, using measurements collected by an ad hoc wireless sensor network (WSN), where the links between nodes (sensors) are noisy. Although the recently introduced distributed adaptive estimation algorithms (adaptive networks) are promising solutions for the mentioned problem, however, when the links are noisy, the performance of these algorithms drastically decreases. In this paper we propose a new adaptive estimation algorithm based on incremental cooperation between nodes and least mean-square (LMS) adaptive filter that mitigates the effect of noisy link and offers an acceptable performance in networks with noisy channels. In the proposed algorithm, each nodes updates its local estimate by means of a combination of both time and spatial update. More precisely, every node uses its previous-time local estimate and only a part of the prior node estimate to update its current local estimate. As our simulation results show, the proposed algorithm offers a way to use adaptive estimation in noisy links.


To solve the inherent shortcomings about"critical warning achieve hardly with hard threshold"of the traditional tire pressure monitoring technology from home and abroad,the concept of burst probability is proposed firstly,the shortcomings of classical set of the traditional security status parameters is overcomed.Then,a novel intellectual fuzzy monitoring model is designed.In the model,the tire pressure,the tire temperature and their change rates are considered and the tire burst probability is calculated.Simulation results prove the feasibility and efficiency of this model.


The effect of tool cutting edge radius (re) and feed per tooth (ft) on roughness and specific cutting energy in end milling of ultrafine-grained steel has been quantified. Stylus profilometer measurements showed that workpiece roughness is minimum when feed per tooth is close to the cutting edge radius, i.e., when ft  re. Specific cutting energy, obtained by measuring the cutting forces, was higher for smaller feeds and decreased significantly for ft > re.


Academic research projects provide a unique opportunity to analyse and solve the problems of society, such as the challenges of hunger and healthcare resulting from population growth and migration in a world where resources are finite. More and more, real world problems cannot be defined within a single discipline – "geography problem", "chemistry problem", "civil engineering problem" – they are complex and multi-faceted and " . . . resist understanding or resolution when approached from single disciplines" (Golding, 2009, p. 2). To understand how Geography and Geographical Information Science (GIS) can contribute to Interdisciplinary Research (IDR), it is relevant to articulate the differences between the different types of such research. "Multidisciplinary" researchers work in a "parallel play" mode, completing work in their disciplinary work streams and exchanging outputs as and when needed. This will ultimately result in separate publications by participants from each discipline and fosters a loose continued connection between researchers (Aboelela et al., 2007). "Interdisciplinary" research is described in language from all disciplines involved. Data and analytical methods are also more mixed, requiring researchers fromone discipline to learn, at least in part, aboutmethodologies from the others in order to complete their work. Publications are shared and language will be established that is intelligible to all involved fields (Aboelela et al., 2007). Examining the above, Geography and GIS fit very well into the multidisciplinary context. They can contribute tools, methods and techniques to problems, while permitting researchers to work within their own discipline. For example, in a multidisciplinary project to create GPS-enabled portable, personal air quality sensors, the electronics engineers creating the sensor board perhaps do not need to understand the way the resulting data will be mapped and analysed, and both aspects of the project can be written up in discipline specific-journals. Transforming the sensor project from multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary requires further integration. This involves a dialogue between the sensor team and the mapping team as to the appropriate frequency of data capture, to resolve the conflict between the limitations of the sensor devices and battery and the requirement for as dense a dataset as possible. A common dialogue also needs to be established with regard to sensor and positional errors and how they are mapped and communicated to end users of the data. All researchers need to understand the basics of mapping and interpolation, and of the calibration process of the sensors.


A chiral-at-metal rhodium(iii) complex catalyzed asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 5-methyl 4-nitroisoxazoles with α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles has been developed, delivering the corresponding adducts with up to 96% yield and 97% ee.


The aqueous conductive composition acid - containing stabilized aqueous polymer emulsion and metal flakes or metal particles. The application of the aqueous conductive composition, for example, active packaging having an information processing function, sensors, and use as printable ink for electrical circuits in the RFID antenna are included.


The intelligent customer service system is an important part of power marketing and an important window for the power sector's external services. Spoken language understanding(SLU) is the core module of the dialogue system. Intent detection is a key subtask of the spoken language understanding module, which directly determines whether the spoken language understanding module is correct. Understand the purpose of the user's words. In view of the current use of commonly used deep learning methods such as RNN and CNN to deal with the limited semantic representation and insufficient feature extraction caused by intent detection, this paper proposes an intent detection model based on dual-channel feature fusion (Dual-channel Model), using The capsule network captures rich text features, makes up for the lack of local spatial information in the pooling operation, and further improves the representation limitations of CNN and RNN. At the same time, it uses the high-level features extracted by the pooling operation and the capsule network to form a dual-channel feature extraction mechanism, and The feature fusion of the two channels is used for the final intent detection. Experiments show that on the ATIS and SMP2019-ECDT datasets, the proposed model has an accuracy of 98.1% and 96.25% in intent detection, and an F1 value of 88.5% and 89.76%.


This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic factors and a decline in fertility in Costa Rica between 1950 and 1970. During this period the population expanded from 858000 to 1731000 making Costa Rica one of the 3 most heavily populated Latin American countries. On closer analysis the numbers reflect a significant rise in birth rate from 1950 to 1960 of 45 to 48 births/1000 inhabitants and a sharp decline from 1960 to 1975 of 48 to 30/1000. This decline coincides with strong economic and social developments. The focus of this investigation is to analyze fertility rates in the context of social political and economic shifts. From 1950 to 1973 the dramatic socioeconomic changes could be measured in statistics: there was an almost 79% increase in the gross domestic product. This period is also marked by increases in life expectancy decreases in infant mortality expansion of health care delivery increased literacy and a greater use of telephones electricity television and radio. While a causal relationship is not claimed certain associations may be drawn. For instance women with 6 or more years of education show lower fertility rates than those with less education possibly reflecting changes in attitudes toward child rearing a cultural shift. Women have become increasingly active in politics and have sought roles other than that of housewife. Joining the ranks of the labor force they discovered an employer bias toward single women creating an incentive for reduced pregnancies. Nationalization of banks led to an expansion of public resources; state intervention amplified medical benefits; urbanization left a less economically active rural population. These changes created different aspirations and opportunities. Birth control increased markedly in the 1960s including voluntary sterilization. The pill was popularized; couples were opting for later marriages; and private family planning activities became more prominent. In 1963 the National Family Planning Program and in 1970 the Costa Rican Demographic Association were established distributing family planning information setting up clinics and initiating educational research programs. All these suggest a continuing trend toward a consistently low fertility rate.


A picture held us captive. And we could not get outside it, for it lay in our language and language seemed to repeat it to us inexorably. Wittgenstein


Purpose – This paper aims to shed light on the process of adopting and accommodating a global language education framework, namely the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for languages, in the context of Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach – The data to develop the argument of the paper are obtained from a doctoral research project that aims to understand the reception, interpretations and responses of key stakeholders in the process of enacting the CEFR in a Vietnam public university. The study was designed as a qualitative case study with data being collected using policy document analysis, classroom observation and in-depth interviews with 21 purposively sampled participants, including school administrators, English language teachers and students over a period of six months. Findings – The paper argues that the adoption of the CEFR, as it currently stands, can be seen at best as a "quick-fix" (Steiner-Khamsi, 2004, p. 58) solution to the complex and time-consuming problem of improving the qu...


The Early Carboniferous Pleasant Hills and Hart Lake - Byers Lake granitoid plutons are the youngest plutons in the eastern Cobequid Highlands. In both plutons, coarse-grained granites predominate, but both also include fine-grained phases, most common at their margins. Modally, these granites fall in the "alkali-feldspar granite" field of the IUGS classification. Geochemically, both alkaline and subalkaline granites are present. The graniies have relatively low concentrations of Al 2 O 3 and CaO, high alkali content, and molar (Na 2 O+K 2 O)/ Al 2 O 3 in the range 0.84 to 0.99. The granites have within-plate trace element characteristics and are more alkaline and less aluminous than similar Early Carboniferous within-plate granites in the western Cobequid Highlands. This entire suite of Early Carboniferous granites in the Cobequid Highlands is approximately synchronous with extrusion of die Fountain Lake Group volcanic rocks. This igneous activity is apparently related to local extension along the Cobequid and other major strike-slip faults.

 RESUME
 Les plutons granitoides eocarboniferes de Pleasant Hills et de Hart Lake - Byers Lake sont les plus jeunes plutons de l'est des Monts Cobequid. Les granites a grain grossier predominerit au sein de l'un et l'autre pluton quoiqu'on y retrouve aussi des phases a grain fin, les plus souvent pres des marges. En termes de mode, ces granites tombent dans le domaine des "granites a feldspath alcalin" de la classification IUGS. Du point de vue de la geochimie, les granites sont aussi bien alcalins que subalcalins. Leurs concentrations en Al 2 O 3 et CaO sont relativement basses, leurs teneurs en alcali hautes et leurs rapports molaires (Na 2 O+K 2 O)/ Al 2 O 3 vont de 0.84 a 0.99. Les granites renferment des elements en traces a caractere intraplaque; ils sont plus alcalins et moins alumbieux que leurs homologues de l'ouest des Monts Cobequid. Ce cortege entier de granites eocarboniferes dans les Monts Cobequid est approximativement synchrone de l'extrusion des volcanites du Groupe de Fountain Lake. Cette activite ignee semble liee aune extension locale le long de la Faille de Cobequid et d'autres decrochements majeurs.

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Objective To investigate the relationship between age,distribution of sexual distinction and the etiological features of acquired paralytic strabismus.Methods Ocular position,muscle movement and diplopia images were observed with corneal light reflection test synoptophore and red glass test,and examined with imaging diagnosis(CT,MRI,ultrasonography),thyroid function and biochemical examination of blood in 41 cases.Results Among 41 cases,the proportion over the 50 years old was 75.6% and 50 years old the following account for 24.4%;male:female=32:9.The main causes are vascular diseases(36.58%),diabetes(23.83%),orbital trauma(9.75%),graniocerebral trauma(7.32%),tumor(7.32%),myasthenia gravis(4.88%),thyroid ophthalmopathy(4.88%),AIDS(2.44%).Vascular diseases and diabetes are common in the cases over 50 years old.Orbital trauma and graniocerebral trauma are common in the cases less 50 years old.Conclusion The causes of acquired paralytic strabismus are complicated and a completed examination is needed.