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 Aspects of attribute attendance and non-attendance in stated choice experiments have been subject to several studies. Recently, Scarpa et al. (2012) analysed inferred and stated attribute non-attendance, finding that there are differences between informations inferred from the choice experiment and informations stated by respondents themselves about attribute attendance and non-attendance (defined as never or rarely attended). Explanations for these differences are searched for in different inferential models, where constrained latent class panel models seem to show good results. In this study we used 16 different split samples to systematically study attribute non-attendance. Our approach is based on the design of designs originally introduced by Hensher (2004) who studied the influence of stated choice design dimensionality on WTP estimates varying the number of choice situations, the number of available alternatives, the number of attributes, the number of attributes' levels, and the range of attribute levels presented to each respondent. To our knowledge, no study exists where the influence of the dimensionality of the choice experiment on attribute non-attendance is investigated. The attributes incorporated in our CE are changes in the share of forests, changes in land consumption, and contribution to a landscape fund. The biodiversity attributes incorporated are based on an indicator using stocks of bird populations. As the indicator can be split up into bird populations in different parts of the landscape (e.g. "birds in the landscape" equals "birds in agricultural landscapes" plus "birds in other landscapes") we could vary the number of attributes across treatments similarly to different types of travel times used by Hensher (2004). For each treatment, a C-efficient design for MNL models was created using the NGene software. Each of the 16 treatments was presented to around 100 participants with a total of 1660 completed interviews. This Germany-wide online survey was run in December 2012. In addition to the choice sets, we asked respondents to state frequency of attendance to their attributes. According to Scarpa et al. (2012) we used a scale ranging from "never" to "always". Besides the results from the choice experiment this information is expected to be instructive as the design variations comprised varying attribute numbers. In the paper we will analyse the influence of the dimensionality of the choice experiment on attribute non-attendance and we will start the analysis of the choice experiment and the 16 different treatments by inferring respondents' attendance or non-attendance of respective attributes. This will be compared with the information stated by respondents on the attendance/non-attendance scale. We expect to find differences among treatments and the corresponding variations in attribute numbers. Following Scarpa et al. (2012) we will analyse constrained latent class models, to find explanations for different choice behaviours. References Hensher, D.A. (2004) Identifying the Influence of Stated Choice Design Dimensionality on Willingness to Pay for Travel Time Savings. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 38(3), 425–446. Scarpa, R., Zanoli, R., Bruschi, V. and Naspetti, S. (2012) Inferred and stated attribute non-attendance in food experiments. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, published online: October 17, 2012.


With the increasing environmental pollution, public transportation development is an urgent task. This paper mainly combines the characteristics of Suzhou's public bicycle system to conduct a sample survey of residents in Suzhou, focusing on the individual economic attributes (gender, age, occupation, income) and travel characteristics (travel distance, riding purpose, card reasons, cycling reasons, etc.). Secondly, this paper uses the binary logit model in SPSS software to get the main reasons that affect the residents' choice of public bicycle. The conclusion is: the factors affecting the choice of public bicycles mainly include travel distance, maximum acceptable riding time, whether you have a local account, whether you have a public bicycle card, whether you have used software to borrow a public bicycle, riding fees, monthly transportation fees, etc. At the same time, this paper also discusses the influencing factors of bus travelers and car travelers choosing public bicycles. It can provide some help for the development of public bicycle systems in the future.


Purpose: To compare and characterize distinctive features of the involvement pattern of hypertrophic olivary degeneration, focusing on its various causes and the extent of hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: In 15 patients (M:F=10:5; age range, 39-66 years) with hypertrophic olivary degeneration, the MR imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed. Signal intensity and changes in the size of the olivary nucleus were recorded, focusing on the causes of the condition and the extent of hemorrhage and involvement, as seen on T2-, proton density-weighted, and FLAIR images. The findings of follow-up study were available in three cases. Results: In three patients with substantial hemorrhaging in the central portion of the pons or midbrain, bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration was observed, and in one with a large infarction in the pons, bilateral degeneration was revealed by MR images obtained three months later. In nine cases of unilateral hemorrhage of the pons or midbrain, unilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration was present, and in one case of unilateral hemorrhage in the dentate nucleus, degeneration was contralateral. In one case of central hemorrhage in the pons and midbrain, bilateral degeneration was noted initially, and a fuzzy margin and increased high signal intensity of the olivary nucleus were noted on T2-weighted images obtained at follow-up nine months later. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted images depicted no definite enhancement. Conclusion: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration arises as secondary change due to phenomena such as hemorrhage or infarction, and shows variable patterns according to its causes.


too expensive for the smaller market crops," says Kent Bradford, director of the Seed Biotechnology Center at UC Davis. Many of these (primarily horticultural) crops require dozens of varieties to match growing seasons and market preferences. U.S. regulations stipulate that a GE version of each variety must be registered separately. Alternatively, a single GE version may be registered and then the trait can be crossed into each of the varieties, but this is also time-consuming and expensive, Bradford says. "By contrast, Canadian regulations focus on the safety and impact of the trait itself rather than on where it came from," Bradford notes. "No distinction is made between genetic engineering and conventional breeding in evaluating whether a novel trait may be introduced into the marketplace." USDA to revise rules. On Jan. 22, the USDA announced plans to update and strengthen U.S. biotechnology regulations, which cover the importation, interstate movement and environmental release of GE organisms. "The science of biotechnology is continually evolving, so we must ensure that our regulatory framework remains robust by anticipating and keeping pace with those changes," U.S. Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman said. Since 1987, more than 10,000 GE organisms have been field-tested and more than 60 have been "deregulated." Currently, GE crops are no longer regulated once they have been approved for commercial production. The move to update U.S. regulations coincided with the release of a National Research Council report on "bioconfinement" (see box, page 73). USDA sponsored the report because a number of GE organisms (such as transgenic fish) now exist that had not yet been developed when the current biotechnology regulations were established in 1986. The proposed regulatory changes would include a requirement for ongoing monitoring of GE organisms after deregulation, and the development of a multitiered permitting system that both streamlines the approval of crops for commercial production and provides more oversight for the riskiest GE organisms. Mendocino County ban. On March 2, Mendocino County passed Measure H with 56% of the vote, making it the first county nationwide to ban growing GE plants and animals. The measure's supporters included the owners of an organic brewpub in Ukiah, who wanted to protect the county's organic produce industry from genetic contamination. Organic producers are prohibited from using GE organisms or ingredients. Transgenic acreage grows amid changing regulation A in genetically engineered (GE) crops has increased steadily since their introduction in 1996, to 167 million acres worldwide in 2003. However, these crops remain controversial: advocates say they will help people and the environment but opponents fear they will hurt both. Regulations for producing, trading and labeling GE organisms are still evolving at the international, national and even local levels. Most recently, on March 2 California's Mendocino County became the first in the nation to ban production of GE plants and animals. "New technology needs to be reviewed case-bycase until we're comfortable with it," says Norman Ellstrand, a UC Riverside geneticist and director of the UC Biotechnology Impacts Center. Virtually all commercial GE crops are either herbicide-tolerant or pest-resistant. The United States is the largest producer of the 18 countries that grow GE crops, followed by Argentina, Canada and China. In 2003, significant portions of the worldwide harvest in four commodities were genetically engineered: 55% of soybeans, 21% of cotton, 16% of canola and 11% of corn, according to a 2003 report by ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications).


Objective To approach the clinical significance of LDH levels with Lung cancer patients.Methods Detected 105 cases of lung cancer serum LDH level,and statistically analyzed.Results LDH levels of the lung cancer group compared with the control group there was significant difference(P 0.01),before and after treatment was statistically significant(P 0.05),LDH levels in serum of patients with advanced lung cancer was higher than early significantly(P 0.05).Conclusions It was important clinical prognostic significance for early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation and monitoring of lung cancer with determination of serum LDH.


The development of transportation networks has been an important factor in accelerating economic and trade progress in Lampung and southern Sumatra since the second decade of the 20th century. The development of transportation facilities has changed the centers of economic activity and settlements in the Lampung region from being centered around rivers to roads and railways. This article discusses the development of transport networks to support the changes in the Lampung region from the mid-19th century to the third decade of the 20th century. This study also explains the development of transport facilities in creating trans Java-Sumatra economic integration during the colonial period. This study aimed to reconstruct the financial history and transport networks of the Lampung region. This study provides a perspective on forming the trans-Sumatra transport network that made Lampung known as the "Gateway of Sumatra." The study on "The Development of Transportation Network in Lampung (1859-1927)" was prepared using a historical method that included four stages of work: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The development of integrated transport facilities in the Lampung region since the end of the war in 1856 has changed various aspects of the lives of the Lampung people. This study showed that the river has no longer become an essential part of the life of the Lampung people since the mid-19th century. Settlement patterns and economic activity centers located on the riverside began to change following the road and railway lines that were formed later.
Keywords: transportation network; Lampung; Zuid-Sumatra spoorwagen; Dutch East Indies transportation system; modernization of the Dutch East Indies


The generation of proof certificates and the use of proof checkers is nowadays standard in first-order automated theorem proving and related areas. They have, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been employed in Description Logics, where the focus was on detecting and repairing errors in the ontology, rather than on catching erroneous consequences created by an incorrect reasoner. This paper reports on first steps towards remedying this deficit for subsumptions computed by the DL reasoner Elk. We use an existing tool for generating proofs of consequences from Elk, and transform these proofs into a format that is accepted as certificates by our proof checker. The checker is obtained as an instance of a generic certification tool based on the Logical Framework with Side Conditions (LFSC), by formalizing the inference rules of Elk in LFSC. We report on the results of applying this approach to the classification of a large number of real-world OWL 2 EL ontologies.


We consider a recently proposed model to understand the rigidity transition in confluent tissues and we derive the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) equations that describes several types of dynamics of the model in the thermodynamic limit: gradient descent, thermal Langevin noise and active drive. In particular we focus on gradient descent dynamics and we integrate numerically the corresponding DMFT equations. In this case we show that gradient descent is blind to the zero temperature replica symmetry breaking (RSB) transition point. This means that, even if the Gibbs measure in the zero temperature limit displays RSB, this algorithm is able to find its way to a zero energy configuration. We include a discussion on possible extensions of the DMFT derivation to study problems rooted in high-dimensional regression and optimization via the square loss function.


"Genuine Genius, Goodness, and Gumption: Acting Daughters and Mid-Nineteenth-Century National Identity" argues that mid-nineteenth-century theater in the United States became an arena in which the middle-class constructed childhood in a variety of ways that bolstered national identity. American audiences celebrated children whose public personae answered national questions and assuaged national anxieties. International inferiority was pacified by the young Bateman Sisters' genius for interpreting Shakespeare. Journalists called them "national treasures" that proved the United States the cultural equal of Great Britain and Europe. As sectional issues eroded American's sense of moral integrity, four-year-old Cordelia Howard's embodiment of child martyrs like Little Eva earned her stardom. A decade later, rambunctious Lotta Crabtree reassured audiences that the spirit of the Wild West could revitalize a rebuilding nation. These performers embodied the imagined child as actors with the power to amaze, redeem, and liberate. The seemingly antithetical traits encouraged in child stars reflect what Americans at this time feared they lacked: intellect, virtue, daring, and above all authenticity. Forwarding current scholarship that examines the mid-nineteenth-century middle-class obsession with sincerity, this article locates the common factor behind each child's popularity: the ability to appear genuine. The artistic child became the source of artlessness; their seeming lack of guile became, itself, a commodity. My research builds upon current scholarship that finds popular culture a rich historical source. The success of theatrical child stars generated huge amounts of discourse in national and international journals, newspapers, letters, diaries, and memoirs concerning the relationship between childhood and nationhood. My research mines these sources, analyzing the motivations behind the nineteenth-century fascination with childhood and arguing that "the infant phenomenon" was closely interwoven with nation building. Although much of your journal's recent publications explore children and childhood outside the United States, I believe this article offers a transnational model for exploring childhood and the lives of children through the arts, entertainment, and performance. Too often theater is considered an anomalous world where historians fear to tread. This manuscript argues that child actors are in fact still children, whose public and private lives reflect much about their culture's hopes and fears.


This paper highlights the accomplishments in designing a peer-to-peer online multiplayer game. The design of a turn-based fantasy game in terms of game design: game-balancing, nonlinearity, artificial intelligence, level design and overall game-play; software design: object-oriented analysis, class modeling, sprite design and animation. The development of the game using C# and DirectX APIs with emphasis on DirectPlay for networking to achieve peer-to-peer playability in a .Net environment.


This paper presents a model that analyzes the impact of uncertainties in demand and processing times on the production lead time of a Kanban system. We consider the waste associated with under-production as well as over-production when we measure the production lead time. We set up an potimization model to minimize the production lead time. A simple heuristic procedure is developed to determine solutions in terms of the size of containers and the number of Kanban cards. In addition, we numerically examine the behavior of the optimal Kanban system.


Lesperance, Pierre J., Barnes, Christopher R., Berry, William B. N., Boucot, Arthur J. & Mu En-zhi 1987 07 15: The Ordovician-Silurian boundary stratotype: consequences of its approval by the IUGS.

The Ordovician-Silurian stratotype at Dob's Linn, Scotland is the second systemic boundary approved by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). A review of the internationally accepted criteria required of a stratotype shows that few of these are possessed by the Dob's Linn section. The strongest attribute of the section is the presence of zonal graptolites, although the boundary is recognized primarily on a single biological event (base of acuminatus Zone) for which the evolutionary relationships of the taxa are not established. In approving this boundary proposal in 1985, which received only simple majority support within the Ordovician-Silurian Boundary Working Group (OSBWG) and which fails to meet most of the accepted prerequisites for a stratotype, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and the IUGS have established an unfortunate precedent. It follows that future systemic boundaries need not meet the accepted standards. It raises serious questions on the assessment and voting procedures of the International Commission on Stratigraphy and on the credence accorded the recommendations developed by the International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification of IUGS.


The generic cabling system is one of the important part of intelligent building.The electromagnetic compatibility of the generic cabling system directly relates to the normal operation of intelligent building's inner net-work.Based on the basic functions of generic cabling system,the sources and harm of electromagnetic interference were analyzed,the anti-electromagnetic interference techniques,such as shielding,earthing,filtering,were introduced.The several feasible methods of electric protection in practical design were brought forward.


The thermopower of a Luttinger liquid with a potential barrier is calculated. The long-range nature of the electron-electron interaction is taken into account. It is shown that an increase of the interaction range qualitatively changes the temperature dependence of the thermopower. At low temperatures, the Seebeck coefficient of the Luttinger liquid is significantly less than the corresponding coefficient of a one-dimensional Fermi gas. With increasing temperature, the thermopower increases rapidly and may exceed that of the Fermi gas. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement with experimental data for quasi-one-dimensional 5-nm-thick InSb wires.


Scintillators used as active materials of calorimeters plays an important role in particle physics experiments. The optical, scintillating and physical properties of such materials affect performances of calorimeters significantly. In this work, GdTaO4 crystal with very high density was examined as an active material in a homogenous calorimeter with a simulation study. This paper presents the results of the electromagnetic performances of a homogenous calorimeter whose active material is GdTaO4. Calorimeter module were reconstructed in the simulation program in different geometries and energy resolution values for various scintillator-photodetector combinations were obtained as a function of incident gamma beam energies. The predictions of the improvements in energy resolutions with the interested scintillator-photodetector combinations compared to previous studies were noted.


The object of the invention is to provide a process for the preparation of high viscosity fluids. This process is characterized by the following: A.Where one or more priming agents based on water are reacted. MONOALCOOL OR DIALCOOL WITH ONE OR MORE ALKYLENE OXIDES, AND B. WHEN THE REACTION IS COMPLETED BY MEANS OF A QUANTITY OF EPOXY RESIN SUCH AS THE REPORTING OF HYDROXY EQUIVALENTS TO EPOXY RESIN EQUIVALENTS RANGE FROM 21 TO 51. APPLICATION OF FLUIDS OBTAINED AS FUNCTIONAL FLUIDS.


A new challenge will arise, when CFC-insulation foams have to be recovered for example, from refrigerators. It will be necessary to recover or destroy CFCs completely. The alcoholysis process should be a good possibility to do this simultaneously with polyurethane recycling. Material recycling of mixed and multiphase polymeric wastes isn't solved in most cases. A typical example, therefore are production waste of automotive seats, which consist of flexible polyurethanes in combination with polyamide and polyester fabrics. An alcoholysis process was developed and a continuous pilot plant was constructed for


High abundance and strong light absorption of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) have been reported in East Asia, especially in northern China. However, the molecular‐level understanding of BrC chromophores in this area is still limited and quite challenging. In this study, elemental composition of individual BrC chromophores was first investigated in the megacity of Beijing, China, using a powerful platform for the characterization of BrC chromophores, with combination of high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a UV/Vis absorbance detector and a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source. The results from this study showed that S‐containing compounds (e.g., CHOS and CHONS) significantly increased in highly polluted days compared to lightly polluted days, probably due to increased emissions from sources such as coal combustion and favorable conditions for organosulfates formation. It was found that CHON and CHO compounds were the most abundant water‐soluble organic compounds in Beijing especially during the wintertime. Nitroaromatic compounds were the major water‐soluble BrC chromophores, with three major BrC chromophores (e.g., C6H5NO3, C7H7NO4, and C6H5NO4) found under all conditions, while other specific BrC chromophores with CHON‐ and CHO‐containing elemental formulas identified and varied in different seasons and pollution conditions. Overall, the water‐soluble BrC chromophores identified in this study explained about 2%–18% of the bulk BrC absorbance over the wavelength range of 300–400 nm. In‐depth studies on exploring more BrC chromophores as well as their chemical structures, related sources, and formation mechanisms should be conducted in the future.


The key to predicting and therefore controlling properties of materials is the knowledge of microstructure. As computer modeling and simulation is becoming an important part of materials science and engineering, there is an ever-increasing demand for quantitative models that are able to handle microstructures of realistic complexity at length and time scales of practical interest. The phase field approach has become the method of choice for modeling complicated microstructural evolutions during various phase transformations, grain growth and plastic deformation. Using gradient thermodynamics of non-uniform systems and Langevin dynamics, the method characterizes arbitrary microstructures and their spatial-temporal evolution with field variables, and is capable of simulating microstructures and their evolution under various realistic conditions. However, the adoption of the phase field method in practical applications has been slow because the current phase field microstructure modeling is qualitative in nature. In this thesis, recent efforts in developing the phase field method for quantitative microstructure modeling are presented. This includes extension of the phase field method to situations where nucleation, growth and coarsening occur concurrently, incorporation of anisotropic elastic energy into the nucleation activation energy, and comparison of phase field kinetics for diffusion-controlled phase transformations with Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory. The most recent extensions of ii the phase field method to modeling dislocation networks, dislocation core structures and partial dislocations, and dislocation interactions with γ/γ ′ microstructures in superalloys are also presented. The length scale limitations and practical approaches to increase simulation length scales for quantitative modeling are discussed for a quite general category of phase field applications. These extensions enable various new understandings of microstructure. For example, coherent precipitates are found to behave similar to dislocations and grain boundaries, causing solute segregation, correlated nucleation and autocatalytic effect. The overall kinetics in diffusion-controlled precipitation agrees with the JMAK prediction only at early stages, and due to soft-impingement and the Gibbs-Thomson effect the later kinetics could deviate considerably. The new formulations of the crystalline energy and gradient energy in phase field model of dislocations allow to study complex dislocation structures, including networks and dissociated nodes, in a selfconsistent way. The introduction of γ-surfaces for constituent phases enables treating dislocation motion in multi-phase microstructure in one model. Finally, the discussion on the length scale clarifies the applicability of the conventional approaches for increasing simulation length scales, and their respective consequence to the quantitative results.


The natural reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV) is wild waterfowl, and all human IAVs have their genetic origins from avian viruses. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently the best drugs fo ...


Concrete calculations have pointed out that amplitudes in perturbative gravity exhibit unanticipated cancellations taming their ultraviolet behaviour independently of supersymmetry. Similar ultraviolet behaviour of 𝒩 = 4 super‐Yang‐Mills and 𝒩 = 8 maximal supergravity has explicitly been observed until three loops. The cancellations can be connected to two manifest features of gravitational theories: firstly gauge invariance from diffeomorphism symmetries and secondly that amplitudes are colourless and exhibits crossing symmetry. We will discuss these two properties in turn as well as the rôle of supersymmetry and string theory dualities in the structure of multiloop amplitudes in supergravity.


Various thin films used for tribological applications are classified under four heads. Based on their load vs. displacement curves, which have some characteristics features, the ratio of nanohardness to elastic modulus and the ratio of cube of nanohardness to square of elastic modulus are evaluated in this chapter. It is demonstrated that depending on the type of film used, these ratios vary within a certain range. For soft self-lubricating films, these ratios are very low; whereas for hard self-lubricating film, these ratios are quite high.


Precision airdrop from high altitude is important for a range of missions while limiting risk to carrier aircraft. Since 1998 the New World Vistas program has sponsored development of a Draper Laboratory onboard Precision Aerial Delivery Planner and a Planning Systems, Inc. WindPADS wind/density field estimator to address these mission requirements. The resulting system derives an airdrop Computed Aerial Release Point on-board the carrier aircraft while in-flight to the Drop Zone (DZ). This enables adaptation to DZ changes while accurately accounting for current environment data. Reference trajectories for low-glide airdrop systems are also generated en route to the DZ. Two Ethernet-connected laptop personal computers are being used for the Planner, with its embedded airdrop simulation, and for WindPADS. The Planner PC also has access to data from the carrier aircraft 1553 data bus. Interfaces between the PCs and to the carrier aircraft have been successfully tested. Data is being collected by the Army to improve the Planner's


S epsis is a major health issue which claims >215 000 lives and costs $16.7 billion per year in America alone. 1 The death rate of sepsis is high, exceeding 30%, because of the poor understanding of the disease. Sepsis induces profound lymphocyte apoptosis, 2 which keeps adaptive immunity in check, but excessive lymphocyte apoptosis causes immunosuppression in the later stage of sepsis, resulting in susceptibility to secondary infections. Thymocyte apopto-sis is a major mechanism of lymphocyte depletion in sep-sis; however, how this process is regulated remains poorly understood. 2–4 Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI or Scarb1) is a well-characterized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor mainly expressed in the liver and steroidogenic tissues. Despite a 2-fold increase in plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations, SR-BI −/− mice are susceptible to ath-erosclerosis. Several earlier studies have shown that SR-BI deficiency leads to larger HDL with a profound increase in unesterified cholesterol concentrations on HDL, 17–20 which may render HDL dysfunctional in SR-BI −/− mice. 21–24 In support of this notion, an earlier study showed that HDL from SR-BI −/− mice loses activity of selective cholesteryl ester uptake 19 ; several reports suggest that accumulation of unester-ified cholesterol on HDL contributes to female infertility and disrupts red blood cell development 21–24 ; we recently reported that HDL from SR-BI −/− mice also loses activity of suppressing lymphocyte proliferation. 25 Although it has been recognized for years that HDL has immune regulatory activity, how Objective—Thymocyte apoptosis is a major event in sepsis; however, how this process is regulated remains poorly understood. Approach and Results—Septic stress induces glucocorticoids production which triggers thymocyte apoptosis. Here, we used scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI)–null mice, which are completely deficient in inducible glucocorticoids in sepsis, to investigate the regulation of thymocyte apoptosis in sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture induced profound thymocyte apoptosis in SR-BI +/+ mice, but no thymocyte apoptosis in SR-BI −/− mice because of lack of inducible glucocorticoids. Unexpectedly, supplementation of glucocorticoids only partly restored thymocyte apoptosis in SR-BI −/− mice. We demonstrated that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a critical modulator for thymocyte apoptosis. SR-BI +/+ HDL significantly enhanced glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis, but SR-BI −/− HDL had no such activity. Further study revealed that SR-BI +/+ HDL modulates glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis via promoting glucocorticoid receptor translocation, but SR-BI −/− HDL loses such regulatory activity. To understand why SR-BI −/− HDL loses its regulatory activity, we analyzed HDL cholesterol contents. There was …


In male domestic rabbits the effect of removing the chin land on the performance of chin-marking behaviour was examined and compared with the known effects of castration. The marking frequency of eight intact adult bucks was recorded for a 4-week baseline period after which the chin gland was excised. Testing was resumed two days later for a further 4, 18 or 30 weeks. Four animals were also castrated either 4 or 18 weeks after gland removal. They were then tested for a further 10 weeks without treatment, for 16 days during administration of testosterone propionate (TP), and for 2 weeks following TP withdrawal. Chinning declined by 24 % within two months of gland removal in gonadally intact animals, and castration reduced this behaviour by more than half again within a month


OBJECTIVEMany patients exhibit cognitive disturbances after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Structural and functional neuroimaging has failed to demonstrate any correlation with these complaints. This study was performed to investigate whether neuropeptide concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid could be related to cognitive disturbances after SAH. METHODSLumbar cerebrospinal fluid was obtained, 3 to 6 months after surgery, from 17 patients who experienced good outcomes after aneurysmal SAH. The samples were analyzed for various neuropeptides using radioimmunoassays, and the peptide concentrations were evaluated in relation to scores on standardized neuropsychological tests. RESULTSThe neuropsychological test results were normal for eight individuals, whereas the remaining nine patients exhibited various degrees of cognitive impairment. There was no correlation between the concentrations of arginine vasopressin or neuropeptide Y and test performance. However, significant correlations between cognitive impairment and elevated levels of &bgr;-endorphins (P = 0.02), corticotropin-releasing factor (P = 0.004), and delta sleep-inducing peptide (P = 0.045) were noted. CONCLUSIONPatients with cognitive impairments after aneurysmal SAH exhibited higher cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of endorphins, corticotropin-releasing factor, and delta sleep-inducing peptide than did those with normal capacity. This is probably attributable to diffuse derangement of transmitter release in the brain, resulting from the insult or ensuing complications, although a secondary increase in corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations caused by increased stress during the testing because of reduced cognitive capacity cannot be excluded.


The effect of a zinc oxide (ZnO) interfacial layer on the device performance of polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was studied. When a 15 nm ZnO layer was inserted between the active layer (P3HT:PCBM) and Al electrode, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was increased by approximately 10% as compared to that without ZnO layer. From the systematic analysis of the current–voltage and impedance characteristics of devices with and without the ZnO layer at various temperatures and light intensities, we found that the device with the ZnO layer has a lower activation energy for carrier extraction and bimolecular recombination loss compared with that without the ZnO layer. Therefore, the enhanced efficiency of the device with ZnO is mainly attributed to the enhanced extraction efficiency and thereby increased short-circuit current density.


Clients who have borderline personality disorders have special needs for family involvement in their treatment, and inpatient staff members need to be aware of these needs. This article discusses reactions staff may experience when treating such clients and families, reasons why establishing and maintaining therapeutic relationships with family members is important, and ways of approaching and developing these relationships. Confrontation and limit-setting are seen as especially important, as is the role of teaching and support.


The vanadium oxide thin films were prepared by R.F. magnetron sputtering method under different deposition conditions. The microstructures of the samples have been investigated by XRD, XPS, and the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope . By XRD and XPS, it was found that properly decreasing substrate temperature or increasing sputtering power, larger crystalline particle size and better crystalline orientation with V2O5 (001) after annealing can be gotten; Properly increasing substrate temperature or reducing sputtering power, the proportions of high valence vanadium oxides are increased. Based on our analyses, high-purity vanadium pentoxide films have been prepared by adjusting flux ratio of O2 and Ar, substrate temperature, and sputtering power.


The effect on survival and differentiation of human fibroblast GM5758 induce by one and two fractional X-ray irradiation was studied. The results show that the survival fraction of two-fractional irradiation is higher than the survival fraction of one-fractional irradiation. The differentiation fraction of one-fractional irradiation is higher than that of two-fractional irradiation. This suggests that fractional irradiation protects the healthy tissue during radiotherapy.


An extension of the vortex flap concept was explored with the aim of providing high-alpha flight control capability coupled with maneuver drag reduction for highly swept wing configurations. A retractable lower surface flap mounted on a translating hinge is proposed, allowing chordwise extension as well as deflection, the two movements being independently controlled. The frontal cavity formed by the partially extended and deflected flap captures a vortex above a certain angle of attack. The cavity vortex downwash alleviates the effective incidence of the wing leading edge, thus modulating vortex lift; at the same time, the induced suction in the cavity generates thrust. These postulated aerodynamic features of the cavity flap were validated through low speed tunnel pressure and visualization tests on a 65 deg swept oblique wing model, which also provided initial trends of the leading edge vortex alleviation and cavity suction with respect to flap extension, deflection and angle of attack. Force tests on a 60 deg delta model further showed the cavity flap L/D performance to compare favorably with the conventional vortex flap. A two segment flap arrangement with independently control led segments was envisaged for exploiting the vortex modulation capability of the cavity flap for pitch, roll and yaw control, in addition to drag reduction at high angles of attack.


The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of predictive reasoning made by students in solving graph-related problems, particularly related to COVID-19. This is a descriptive qualitative study with data collected from a sample size of 25 senior high school students and analyzed using the generalization-prediction task. The result revealed that there are three types of students' predictive reasoning made based on (1) data observation, (2) data observation coupled with prior experience, and (3) data observation coupled with prior experience or knowledge. The experience used to make a prediction is obtained from personal life, classroom, and general knowledge about COVID-19. In conclusion, this study improves students' understanding and ability to reason with graphs and future studies can be conducted with different prediction tasks.


Kids are always told to reach for the stars. NASA literally gave them the chance to - no PhD. in astrophysics required! View the winning videos.


Min-Sik Ku and Hoeil Chung*NIR Project TFT, Production Technology Center, SK Corporation, 110 Nam-Gu, Kosa-Dong, Ulsan 680-130, KoreaReceived October 22, 1998Three different chemical compositions of total paraffin, total naphthene, total aromatic content in naphtha have been successfully analyzed using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Partial least squares (PLS) regression has beenutilized to develop calibration models for each composition from Raman spectral bands. The PLS calibration re-sults showed good correlation with those of gas chromatography (GC). Using PLS regression, the spectral infor-mation related to each composition has been successfully extracted from highly overlapped Raman spectra ofnaphtha. Naphtha Analysis by FT-Raman Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No. 2 159IntroductionRaman spectroscopy has been emerging as a feasiblequantitative analytical method recently, especially in refin-ery and petrochemical fields.


Animations are being produced on subjects such as: atomic and molecular orbitals, lattices, VSPER, nucleophilic substitution, stereochemistry, sigma and pi bonding, and many more.


For wireless sensor network nodes (WSNNs), which are usually distributed over wide area and transmit intermittently, radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) from ambient sources such as base stations, TV towers, access points etc. seem to be practical and promising approach. Such RFEH enabled WSNNs need intelligence to choose optimal frequency band(s) for RFEH from wideband spectrum. Furthermore, for minimizing energy consumption, number of frequency band switching (FBS) should be as minimum as possible. To meet these requirements, a new multi-stage decision making policy (DMP) for RFEH enabled WSNNs has been proposed in this paper. The proposed DMP uses Bayes-UCB algorithm to identify the subbands with high RFEH potential. Another novelty of the proposed DMP is that RFEH duration is made tunable based on the RF potential of the chosen subband(s) leading to significant improvement in harvested energy and number of FBS. Simulation results show that the proposed DMP offer 10%-18% improvement in total harvested RF energy. Furthermore, the number of FBS in the proposed DMP are 25%-50% of that in existing DMPs making the proposed DMP a preferred choice for resource-constrained WSNNs.


This paper explores the role of communication and natural language in social systems composed of multiple autonomous agents. We summarize a number of models for language and communication with special attention on optimization and game-theoretic concepts. We draw our survey from a gamut of literature, touching on books and papers from diverse fields such as linguistics, philosophy, computer science, and economics.


In an effort to enhance the conduction band discontinuity between channel and insulator, In/sub x/Al/sub 1-x/As/n/sup +/-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) were fabricated with InAs mole fractions in the In/sub x/Al/sub 1-x/As gate insulator of x=0.52 (lattice matching), 0.48, 0.40, and 0.30. Decreasing the InAs mole fraction in the insulator results in reduced forward- and reverse-bias gate currents, increased reverse gate breakdown voltage, and reduced real-space transfer of hot electrons from channel to gate. Down to x=0.40, these improvements trade off with a slightly reduced transconductance, but the gain in gate bias swing results in an increase in maximum current drivability. From x=0.40 to x=0.30, there is a drastic decrease in transconductance, coincident with a high density of misfit dislocations. >


Although individual investment in education is taking on an increasing momentum in China recently, attention should still be paid to its low efficiency. Since the demand for higher education is much greater than the supply, examination competition exists with its own inevitability, which consequently makes a substantial portion of the individual investment for higher education have to be used to deal with such an examination competition. Thus has reduced the investment efficiency and impeded the optimal of the educational resources. The way to solve the problem is to expand the education scale and finance through the capital market.


We consider a group pursuit problem, in which there are objects among pursuers, which have controls with geometric constraints, and one object with impulse control. Evader (target) has control with geometric constraints. The capture is determined by the condition of convergence of a linear combination of phase vectors of the group of pursuers with an evader at a given time moment. Such capture condition, with a proper selection of the coefficients of the linear combination, can be interpreted as a condition for the convergence of the convex hull formed by the phase vectors of the pursuers with the phase vector of the evader. We found a criterion for capture and constructed the optimal controls of pursuers.


One way of introducing youngsters to independent study is to get them involved in work on projects. The aim of this paper is to describe problems selected for ve projects on topics from geometry. The rst three projects are designed for 10{12 year old pupils, and the remaining projects for youngsters aged 13{14.


Objectives To study and analyze the cauge,rate and treatment for complications of hypospadi - as repair operations.Methods In the past 3 years,there were 19 patients with complications of hypospedias repair for 117 cases single - stage urethmplasty.The ages were from 1.5 to 24 years old,the mean Was 4.6.The classifica - tions were glans of penis 10,body of penis 5,serious hypospedias 4,includingpenoscrota,scrotal andperineal.The lengths of new urethras were from 1.2 to 4.4 cm,the mean was 2.6 cm.Results The rate of complications was 15.9%for 1~3 years following survey.There were urethral fistulas 11 cases(57.9%),urethral strictures 4(21.1%),diverticulumsl(5.3%),withdrawal of meatus 1(5.3%),chordees 1(5.3%),seriouS abnomal apperance of penis 1 cases(5.3%).The rate of urethral fistulas was the first and urethral stricture the second,they were higher than other complications signiflcantly(P<O.05).Conclusions Urethral fistulas was the frequentest compli - cation of urethroplasty for hypospadias.Urethral stricture Was the second.It is important to choose feasible opera - tion method,process carefully,fix with soft dressing,dwelling catheter and inject antibiotics for decreasing the complications of the hypospadias urethmplasty.

Key words:
Hypospadias; Postoperative Complications


A finite-element-method-based formulation for flexible multibody dynamics, particularly targeting flexible link mechanisms, is proposed. The formulation is composed of two techniques : kinematics of largely displaced Euler beam element and direct coordinate partitioning. The kinematics is basically a corotational method. Direct coordinate partitioning, which is effective only in finite-element-based multibody dynamics, partitions the independent and dependent degrees of freedom hinge by hinge. A computational example on a slider crank with an assembly error shows the validity of the formulation and the developed program, SPADE.


Excerpt Historical. "Dupuytren, in 1832, 10 years before Curling's article appeared, called attention to the change in the 'intestinal canal' which followed burns. Violent congestion, severe gastro...


The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many markets, including the courier market. This market still has great potential. Thanks to the introduced innovations and due to the growing demand for courier services and the development of e-commerce, it is currently one of the most dynamically developing industries. In the face of the pandemic, courier companies had to adapt to the new operating conditions. The implementation of innovations (i.e. parcel lockers) has become one of the key development trends in the contemporary mechanisms of for creating the competitiveness of enterprises. Parcel lockers introduced by InPost in Poland in 2009 now operate in other countries, there are over 23,000 of them in Europe. They are also located in Asia, both Americas, as well as in the Middle East and Africa. The aim of the article is to show the reaction of courier companies to the COVID-19 pandemic through the example of InPost. The article also demonstrates that difficult pandemic conditions cause adjustment processes on the courier market related to the implementation of innovations by courier companies. Various innovative solutions introduced by InPost during the pandemic were analysed. The main features of InPost courier services that distinguish the company's activity compared to its competitors have been identified. It was shown that the company reacted innovatively to the difficult pandemic conditions, and its actions were positively assessed by consumers. To support this view, in the empirical part of the article, we will look at the research conducted in 2021 in Poland. The survey was conducted among young consumers (students of Lublin University of Technology aged 19-26).


In 2008, the French government announced a dramatic shift in agricultural policy, calling for pesticide use to be slashed in half. And it wanted to hit that target in just a decade. No other country with as large and diverse an agricultural system had tried anything so ambitious. Since then, the French government has spent nearly half a billion euros on implementing the plan, called Ecophyto. It banned numerous pesticides, created a network of thousands of farms that test methods of reducing chemical use, improved national surveillance of pests and plant diseases, and funded research on technologies and techniques that reduce pesticide use. Although the effort helped cut demand on many farms in the network, national use increased by 12%. Officials are now finalizing a revised plan. Some observers are already skeptical. Farmers fear burdensome rules and increased costs that will put them at a competitive disadvantage. Environmental organizations worry France will again fall short. Despite Ecophyto9s failure, it showed farmers have powerful options, such as mixing crops, new varieties, and using natural predators of pests. With the right incentives and support, those tools might make a bigger difference this time around. Meeting the original target, however, will require larger change in the agricultural system.


Objective
To report the clinical outcomes of the patients with open comminuted in-tra-articular calcaneal fracture who were treated with our self-designed bilateral triangle external fixators which are extensible and gimbaled.

Methods
Between January 2011 and June 2014, 12 patients with open com-minuted intra-articular calcaneal fracture were treated and followed up. They were 8 men and 4 women, aged from 23 to 58 years (average, 36.8 years). According to the Sanders classification, the fractures were type Ⅱ in 4 cases, type Ⅲ in 7, and type Ⅳ in one. According to the Gustilo classification, the soft tissue injury was type Ⅱ in 2 cases, type ⅢA in 7, and type ⅢB in 3. All the patients were treated with immediate debridement and preventive intravenous antibiotics. First stage wound closure or temporary coverage with vacuum sealed drainage was chosen according to the condition of soft tissue injury. Our self-designed bilateral triangle external fixators were applied together with cannulated screws or Kirschner wire in all the patients after Kirschner wire poking. Of them, 7 received emergency treatment and 5 were treated 3 to 5 days after injury. After no wound infection was observed for sure, 6 cases received selective open reduction and internal fixation via a lateral incision while 6 continued external fixation with Kirschner wire for 8 to 10 weeks (average, 9.1 weeks).

Results
The 12 patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (average, 18.5 months). Their AOFAS scores averaged 84.6 points (range, from 74 to 94 points). One case required tissue transfer for wound coverage. Wound shallow infection developed in 3 cases. No deep infection or amputation happened. No wound infection or necrosis occurred in the 6 cases that had undergone open reduction and internal fixation at the second stage.

Conclusion
Appli-cation of our self-designed extensible gimbaled bilateral triangle external fixators in the treatment of open comminuted intra-articular calcaneal fractures may help effectively reduce the deep infection or incidence of os-teomyelitis after operation as long as early debridement is thorough, internal fixation is timely applied, and in-dications for internal fixation are properly followed.

Key words:
Calcaneus; Fractures, open; External fixator; Complications


2010 is a crucial year for Iraq. The number of attacks significantly dropped, yet the threat of terrorism and civil war remains. Despite diverging interests and opinions, the U.S. and the EU have to intensify cooperation. Only coordinated civil aid will enable Iraq to become a stable country.


The imaging device of the present invention includes: an imaging device having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged two-dimensionally, the imaging device are sequentially scanning the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and make an exposure, by sequentially scanning from the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements reads the electric signal, thereby generating an image signal; lens optical system, which includes a focus lens for condensing toward the image pickup element; a driving unit that drives the image pickup element or said one of said focus lens, so that the imaging element and a distance between the focusing lens is changed; shift control unit which, based on a predetermined shift pattern so that, on displacement of the image pickup device is driven or the focusing lens is controlled to output command by the drive unit; and a synchronization unit, based on the timing of exposure of the imaging element controls the shift control unit; the predetermined shift mode, the focusing lens in a first image pickup scene is in focus at a distance to the subject or the image pickup focus position of the first element, and a second scene of the imaging subject from the The entire interval between the second focus position of the focusing lens or the image pickup element at a focus in the imaging element is driven or reciprocal displacement of the focusing lens of the image pickup element or the focusing lens is driven , and from the number of times of the integer parts in an image exposure time plurality of photoelectric conversion elements in each of the above-described image pickup scene of the shift.


Crucibles were formed from spinel raw materials and commercial spinel grains, with and without admixtures of other chemicals. Bottle glass was melted in these and the behavior was compared with similar containers made from fueclay grog and mullite (Corhart).

The tests consisted of heating bottle glass in the crucibles at 1400°C for four hours and noting the appearance of the crucibles after the treatment. The results indicated that. under the conditions used, magnesia spinel is not suited for glass refractory material.


The Chinese classical garden develops forward,keeping pace with the times,and being influenced by Chinese landscape painting.They have a relation of mutual influence and promotion,which is still worth exploring today.


Local advection of scalar quantities such as heat, moisture or carbon dioxide can be expected above inhomogeneous surfaces. The horizontal advection is maximum at the edge of different surfaces in downwind direction. The area near a river is vulnerable to be influenced by the river on the air temperature and moisture. Ten automatic weather stations(AWS) and two stations for flux observation were installed cross a river located in west of Taegu city in South Korea. West side of the river is agricultural area and east side of the river is occupied by industrial complex. Six sets of AWS are aligned perpendicular to the river in east side of the river. The variations of horizontal advection along normalized horizontal distance from the riverfront are estimated for various strengths of wind speed and eddy diffusivity using observation data. The advections are normalized by sensible heat flux and also plot on a typical horizontal axis. The results are compared to the numerical and theoretical estimations(Park and Paw U, 2004). In real atmosphere the winds are not uniform in vertical and horizontal direction both. The difference to the case of uniform wind profile is also demonstrated.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the familiarity of the editors of journals indexed in the LILACS database with the guidelines for reporting on and publishing research- promoted by the EQUATOR Network (Enhancing QUAlity and Transparency Of Health Research)-, the journals' requirements for use of the guidelines, and the editors' opinions regarding the reasons for the low rate of use.

METHODS
LILACS editors were surveyed by e-mail about the guidelines and their availability at the EQUATOR website, and about the requirements and difficulties in using them.

RESULTS
Of 802 editors, 16.4% answered the survey. More than half said they were not aware of the guidelines (especially STROBE and PRISMA) and 30% were familiar with the EQUATOR Network.

CONCLUSIONS
The first Latin American and Caribbean study on LILACS editors' familiarity with the guidelines revealed that more than half of them were not familiar either with the guidelines or the EQUATOR Network.


Ab stract . Without doubt Joseph Ratzinger is one of the most important participants of ecumenical dialogue. His theology has a practical impact on that dialogue not only because of his position in the Catholic Church. He has devoted many of his works to ecumenism. This paper is a result of the studies of all his works available in Polish since 2018. During the research it became clear that Ratzinger has offered an original idea of ecumenical dialogue. In this article it is called 'ecumenical dialogue in truth' and is described in the first part. Ratzinger insists to recognize in truth the causes of divisions, to accept that divisions among Christians are somehow allowed by the Lord, to see the true and authentic fidelity to the Lord at the bottom of divisions, and to 'be humble in adopting realistic intermediate goals'. He encourages us to recognize true Christianity in the authentic riches developed by various Traditions over the centuries. The second part of the article is dedicated to new inspirations, questions and some problems which followed these ideas in the field of fundamental theology. Ratzinger touches on the most important problems in fundamental theology, like authentic Christianity, Christian identity, the Church, and credibility. His theology demands reshaping fundamental theology: its main presuppositions, tasks, attitude, terminology and methods.


Influenza endemics and pandemics have been a menace to humanity through the ages and pose ominous threats and with dire consequences for humanity [1]. A better understanding of the virus, the epide ...


1 From Chemistry Department II and the Department for Physical Cell Research, Karolinska Institutet, and the Department of Surgery, Sabbatsbergs Sjukhus, Stockholm. The technique of vascular surgery has developed rapidly in the past decade, and there has been a greatly increased need of suitable materials for the repair of vascular defects resulting from cardiovascular disease, operations for malignant growths, and inj uries. Initially, it seemed advisable to use autogenous vascular segments for this purpose, but in many cases it proved exceptionally difficult to obtain segments of appropriate size and shape, especially for grafting to the largest blood vessels. For this reason, homologous grafts came into widespread use. In the last few years synthetic materials as well, chiefly various types of plastics, have been tried experimentally and have been used clinically to some extent. At present, homologous arterial segments preserved in different ways constitute by far the most widely used material for arterial grafting. Numerous investigators (1-13) have worked on the problem of the viability of arterial grafts. A question that has received considerable attention is whether


During the last few months the blood service at the Boston City Hospital has dealt with a number of cases of purpura hemorrhagica of a severe and acute type. Our methods of treatment have probably been about the same as those of other clinics, but a survey of the literature would seem to indicate that our use of transfusions has been more persistent and vigorous than is common elsewhere. Certain determining factors bearing on this subject, while they are common knowledge among students of the hemorrhagic diseases, still lack the universal recognition that the urgency of the disease demands. The object of this brief report is to emphasize these facts and to illustrate their bearing on the subject of transfusion. DETERMINING FACTORS Hemorrhagic purpura is the result of a numerical decrease of blood platelets. It makes no difference whether we are dealing with a primary or an idiopathic case, whether


Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant tumor and can metastasize to the bone marrow. Bone marrow metastasis could cause bone marrow dysfunction, such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Chemotherapy might aggravate thrombocytopenia, and therefore, it is not certain whether patients with severe thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow metastasis should be treated with chemotherapy. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with SCLC who developed severe thrombocytopenia (below 20,000/μL) due to bone marrow metastasis. Chemotherapy restored her platelet count to normal levels. Although she discontinued chemotherapy because of higher brain dysfunction that occurred after prophylactic cranial irradiation, thrombocytopenia could be controlled using chemotherapy throughout her clinical course. Chemotherapy may be carried out safely in patients with severe thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow metastasis of SCLC.


AbstractTo maximize the benefits of an interbasin water diversion system (IBWD), an aggregation model and improved NSGA-II algorithm were constructed to establish operation strategies for water div...


Networked mobile devices ranging from lightweight smartphones and PDAs to powerful notebooks benefit from persistent distributed object management and asynchronous communication means provided by space based middleware. The demanding requirements for successful coordination of processes on mobile devices are seamless operation even during offline periods and dependable synchronization when reconnecting. In order to adapt the space accurately and to hide the different semantics of coordination primitives while roaming, this work proposes a mobility aware coordination layer. This layer uses sensor information about the current quality of the wireless link and predicts the link quality in the near future by means of heuristically derived mobility patterns. A prototype implementation on CORSO is applied to the producer/consumer coordination pattern and experimentally evaluated.


Manufacturers and retailers often advance sell seasonal products or services (e.g., holiday decorations, summer or winter entertainment). The authors examine advance selling in marketing channels to offer several insights. First, it is well established that a decentralized channel suffers from the issue of double marginalization; that is, the manufacturer and retailer both add positive margins when setting their prices, which results in inefficiently high retail prices. The authors find that, under a dynamic wholesale-price contract, advance selling can alleviate this double-marginalization problem and benefit the manufacturer, the retailer, and consumers. Second, the benefit of advance selling diminishes with the product's holding cost, the retailer's stockpiling ability, and the manufacturer's commitment to spot wholesale price. Third, with wholesale-price commitment, advance selling benefits the manufacturer and consumers but hurts the retailer; the manufacturer is better off making a price commitment only when its product's holding cost is sufficiently low and worse off otherwise. Last, the retailer's stockpiling ability decreases its own profit under a dynamic contract but increases it under a commitment contract.


This commissioned chapter is part of a groundbreaking volume on cheap print from leading authorities on popular literatures, cheap print and politics, which makes a position statement about the current status and locus of scholarship in this field across the UK and the USA. Publication in this volume is in itself an acknowledgement of McShane's knowledge and scholarly expertise in examining broadside publication of the early modern period. McShane's chapter lays out the immense breadth and variety of the broadside as a product genre in early modern England, and highlights its uniquely dynamic social presence. Far more than a survey piece, the chapter makes an original argument about the 'cultural economics' of the broadside, calculating as far as possible the production, retail and wholesale costs of broadsides through an extensive analysis of the print record in the Stationers' Company and local and national archives.
Crucially, McShane's chapter argues for a move away from the less useful designation of 'cheap print' as a social or cultural marker, towards the categorisation of print products as 'retail' or 'commissioned'. The significance of this shift lies in creating a more useful conceptual tool by which historians might distinguish between products that had to compete in the open market, engaging the tastes and interests of the broadest possible audience, while potentially representing aspects of popular taste or opinion, and those seeking to impose social, religious, political or cultural authority from above.
The Oxford History of Popular Print Culture set out to establish the ground for future debates and examinations of the role of cheap print in early modern Britain. In recognition of this, it was awarded the Sixteenth Century Society's Roland H. Bainton Prize for Reference Works in 2012.


STORMING THE CASTLE: NON-SECULAR SUBVERSION OF THE PAS D'ARMES IN THE CASTLE OF PERSEVERANCE By John Robert Moss, Bachelor of Arts A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008 Major Director: Dr. Noreen C. Barnes Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Theatre It is important to remember that the categories of medieval performance were established far removed from their period in history. As a genre, the morality play includes a wide diversity of time, geography, content and performance styles. Such disparities have made it difficult to develop a comprehensive definition, without which comparisons between works cannot be consistent. As scholarship continues to explore


The paper addresses one of the conceptsof carbon fiber fuselage for a big passenger airplane, "Lampassenkonzept" proposed by theInstitute of Structural Mechanics of the German Aerospace Center (DRL, Braunschweig)within the research program assigned by Airbus, Germany. The proposed concept alongwith the weight/cost reduction issues addresses the possibility of meeting the additional requirements to carbon fiber plastic fuselages of big airplanes of tomorrow. Thepaper contains the analysis and comparison ofabove concept with the aluminum variant of"standard body", as well as the results of carbon fiber fuselage project in "Gondelkonzept"implemented by above Institute within thenational German HGF Project "Black Body"


PURPOSE: A method for preparing a gypsum board is provided, to reduce the specific gravity and to improve the strength, the construction property and the delivery convenience by employing the bubble alumina which binds with a bubble generator and gypsum easily. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the step of mixing gypsum, a bubble generator, and 5-20 wt% of bubble alumina with a size of 3 mm or less.


Based on an evaluation of a rural older adult educa- tion program, various themes for a successful project are presented from both student and instructor perspectives. Teaching applications and implications for practice are also included.


Part 1 Basic principles of essay writing: introduction to the essay form important factors in writing the first and second steps in essay writing the third and fourth steps in essay writing the four bases for evaluating essay writing. Part 2 Types of essay development: introduction to essay development description examples process cause and effect comparison and contrast division and classification argumentation. Part 3 Special skills: taking essay exams preparing a summary doing a report writing a resume and job application letter using the library writing a research paper. Part 4 Handbook of sentence skills: grammar mechanics punctuation word use.


In this article, the technical problems related with combining a visible (0.4—0.7 μm) channel with an infrared (3—5 μm) channel have been considered. The design of optics schemes and also the hardware and software solutions are presented. Adjustment of channels and its time synchronization are in service.


The main difference between the simple RRK theory and the better based but more complex RRKM theory is explained. Starting from the premise that the classical versus quantum mechanical estimation of the density of states is the major source of the difference, earlier attempts to incorporate the quantum effects in an effective value for the number of oscillators s are noted. By examining the expression for the RRKM rate coefficient it is found that a single effective s value will generally not suffice, but a much better representation of the quantum effects can be obtained if it is recognized that the problem inherently contains two different effective s values. A theory based on this analysis is constructed. It reproduces RRKM results to much improved accuracy, removing difficulties found earlier with single-s-value theories.


The concept of need is promising and alluring because of three factors: 1. Needs are objective because it is a discoverable matter of fact what needs a person has and yet this fact has a bearing on what one ought to do. The concept is both factual and evaluative. 2. Needs are matters of priority; what we need usually overrides other reasons for action. 3. Needs are unimpeachable values. We cannot say truly that a person ought to have different needs and, in this sense, they are fundamental. In this paper, I shall be concerned primarily with explaining the third of these features. I am interested in fundamental needs, but not necessarily basic or minimal needs, such as those pertaining to survival. Furthermore, I shall not be concerned directly in the strength of claims to need on other people, but rather on oneself. I shall use 'need' in such a way that the term indicates a disposition and does not imply a lack. I need food even when I am eating.


The Corps of Engineers has proposed and analyzed the effects of diverting Lake Michigan waters down the Illinois River in times of above average lake levels. Effects would vary considerably depending upon the rate and timing of diversion. Major benefits on the river portion will be an improvement in water quality, increased benefits to commercial navigation and increased power generation. On the Great Lakes the major benefits would be reduction in shoreline erosion and flooding. Adverse effects would be significant. On the river major adverse effects are due to increased flooding over existing conditions and longer flooding duration in the lower reaches. Current trends of habitat destruction and loss of species diversity in natural ecosystems will be accelerated by the increased diversion, resulting in the deterioration of natural ecosystems. Managed ecosystems such as leveed farmlands and duck clubs will suffer higher drainage costs as a result of the increased flooding. Unleveed areas will experience substantial crop losses, especially in low water years, and diversion may ultimately preclude agriculture in such areas. On the lakes, major adverse effects would result from power loss, lowered ship capacity resulting from shallower draft at docking facilities, and loss of water-edge ecosystems.


Corrsion inhibition of Aloe lateritia gel for Mild steel in 2 M HNO3 and 1 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Foutier transform infrared (FT-IR). Inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of the concentration of the gel. The optimal concentration of the gel gives maximum inhibition efficiency of 77.4% and 70.3% in 1 M H2SO4 and 2 M HNO3 respectively. Polarization plots shows that, the gel works as a mixed type inhibitor altering both cathodic and anodic reaction. SEM proves the uniform and pitting corrosion at the surface of Mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 and 2 M HNO3 respectively. Using FT-IR potential function groups from pure gel and some stretch shift was observed from corrosion product and some stretch shift from corrosion products was observed.


Abstract:  The gold standard for the diagnosis of allergic hypersensitivity is skin patch testing with the suspected allergens. This diagnostic tool, however, has distinct disadvantages, and therefore the development of alternative or complementary in vitro tests is of great importance. In this study, we evaluate the applicability of an in vitro test method, as developed earlier for nickel allergy, to detect allergen‐specific T cells in the blood of patients allergic to frequent sensitizers (chromate, cobalt, paraphenylenediamine, fragrances and chloromethyl‐isothiazolinone). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of allergic patients and healthy controls were cultured in the absence or presence of allergen. Additionally, type 1 (IL‐7 and IL‐12) or type 2 (IL‐7 and IL‐4) stimulating cytokines were added; after 6‐day proliferation, IFN‐γ and IL‐5 secretions were determined. Without the addition of cytokines, consistent allergen‐induced proliferation was observed in PBMCs of nickel‐allergic patients only. By contrast, the addition of type 1 or type 2 stimulating cytokines resulted in a significantly enhanced allergen‐specific proliferation for all allergens tested (sensitivity increased from 26 to 43% or 38%, respectively, P < 0.05). In these cultures, allergen‐induced IFN‐γ and IL‐5 secretion was also significantly increased, compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05, for IFN‐γ sensitivity 79%, specificity 93%; for IL‐5 sensitivity 74%, specificity 81%). In conclusion, these results demonstrate an increased proliferative capacity and cytokine production by allergen‐specific T cells from allergic patients, but not of healthy individuals upon stimulation with allergens in combination with type 1 or 2 skewing cytokines. The present data warrant further exploration of the application of this test to a broader set of allergens.


Subject
 Prospects for East Africa and the Great Lakes in 2019.

 Significance
 Political challenges loom in 2019, as countries across East Africa and the Great Lakes look to manage contradictory dynamics of continuity and change.


The role of low doses of cisplatin and concomitant postoperative radiotherapy in high risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been defined.


Wind turbine transmission chain is the key component of wind turbine to bear various loads, and its working characteristics are an important basis for testing the stability, reliability and safety of wind turbine. Aiming at the transmission chain system, a load simulation technology for ground test system of 1.5MW wind turbine transmission chain was proposed. According to its performance and requirements, a hydraulic loading system with 6-dOF load was designed. Hydraulic loading system is designed according to wind load. Through the mechanism method to establish its mathematical model, particle swarm optimization algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution, using quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm, through Matlab/Simulink load simulation of the hydraulic loading system, the results show that the hydraulic loading system has a good tracking and reproduction of wind load


The invention relates to the preparation of enantiomerically pure (S)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol by an asymmetric hydrogenation of 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone which process comprises hydrogenating 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone in the presence of a ruthenium phosphine complex represented by formula Ru(E)(E')(L)(A) wherein E, E' are both chloro or E is hydrogen and E' is BH4; L is a chiral diphosphine ligand; and A is an optionally chiral diamine comprising the variants a) in the presence of a weak base and with or without an additive in case when E and E' are both chloro or b) in the absence of a base and an additive in case when E and E' are hydrogen and BH4.


Charlotte, NC—The iris claw phakic IOL (Verisyse, AMO) is a welcome addition to the refractive surgeon's armamentarium for enabling treatment of patients who are not good candidates for custom wavefront-guided LASIK or IntraLASIK either because of level of myopia or corneal thickness, said Jonathan Christenbury, MD.


Numbers of Novel Chalcones were synthesized by reacting several substituted aryl aldehydes and ortho hydroxyl acetophenone, prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction in NaOH solution in ethanol. The synthesized Chalcones compounds were characterized by Physical and spectral methods IR, H-NMR and Mass analysis. All the synthesized compounds have been screened and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus gr +ve, Escherichia coli gr –ve Bacillus subtilis gr +ve, Salmonella typhi gr –ve , and antifungal activity against Aspergillus oryzoe, Aspergillus niger, using disc diffusion method. Most of the compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. In this article efforts have been made to throw some light on the synthesis and biological activities of chalcones.


Giant submucosal colonic lipomas are an uncommon cause of colonic symptoms. There is great debate in the literature as to how best to deal with these. We present a patient with a large colonic lipoma causing abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. It was successfully treated by open colostomy and resection.


Forming any additional layers be not a single-layer nonwoven web of staple fibers, abrasive article comprising a staple fiber nonwoven web. Abrasive article contains abrasive particles bonded to the nonwoven web. Abrasive article includes a staple fiber nonwoven web comprising a blend of staple fibers having a second portion of the fiber having a first portion and a second linear density of the fibers having a first linear density, it is compressed and it may be a polished product. .BACKGROUND


Universally every language in the -world has proverbs. Proverb is one of language elements that inclines to be steady and not experiencing a change both from structure and meaning sides. Proverb is inherited hereditary. Proverb contains social wisdom of the owner. Not only that, proverb also becomes guidance to do and has a long lasting endurance. In the other worlds, Japanese proverbs are used to comm unicate every cultural elements that Japanese has.


The megalopae were absent in the collections during January to August, 1985andJanuary
to May, 1986. Maximum number of megalopae were seen during September and October. The occurrence of megalopae is influenced by the lunar phase and the tidal ryhthm. Except on six occasions the megalopae were more during the high tide. Maximum number occurred during newmoon in September and October '85. In 1986 during full moon, the megalopae were abundant during September and October. Collections were made by fixed net for one hour during high and low tide of all four phases of the moon the megalopae enter the estuary in maximum numbers during the high tide on new moon and full moon nights. This pattern of abundance also shows that the breeding season for the crab Atergatis integerrimus and A. roseus is from June to December with peak in September and October.


- Marine invertebrate fossils collected from the lower and upper parts of the Lewis Shale near Waterflow, New Mexico are of late Campanian age. The fauna from the lower part includes cf. Anisomyon sp., "Inoceramus" subcircularis, "Inoceramus" (Endocostea) barabini, and Baculites sp. Invertebrates are abundant in small limestone concretions in a 6-m-thick interval in the upper part of the Lewis Shale and include the following taxa: cf. Anisomyon sp., "Inoceramus" (Endocostea) barabini, Eutrephoceras dekayi, Baculites sp., Placenticeras placenta, Placenticeras syrtale, and Didymoceras nebrascense. The occurrence of D. nebrascense is particularly important because it indicates the presence of the Didymoceras nebrascense zone, which is of early late Campanian age. The Didymoceras nebrascense zone also occurs in the Lewis Shale on the eastern side of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and in the Pierre Shale in northeastern New Mexico.


Geoffrey Lewis' Turkish Grammarvias hailed in 1967 as "the first complete Turkish grammar in English" (Times Literary Supplement, Dec. 7, 1967, p. 1198), and it appeared in revised and corrected paperback versions in 1985 and 1988, respectively. The recently published second edition bears all of the strengths of the original, including its comprehensiveness, specificity, and vivid examples. The amended grammar is slightly expanded, set in a new font that is much easier to read, and continues to be an important source for students and scholars with interests in Turkish linguistics and language acquisition. It is an almost ideal reference grammar for upper-intermediate and advanced students of Turkish and could also be used as a text in a linguistics course. In succinct descriptions, the grammar meticulously addresses diverse aspects of Turkish syntax, morphology, phonology, and orthography, and could serve, in a comparative way, as an introduction to other Turkic languages. There is a practical and logical progression to the material presented: from suffix to part-of-speech, part-of-speech to clause, and clause to sentence. The concluding "Sentence Analysis" and "Further Examples" chapters demonstrate an array of grammatical points and stylistic factors, ranging from basic sentences to complex Ottomanesque constructions, and are a great resource for those interested in furthering their linguistic understanding of the language as well as those who eventually aim to conduct research in areas of Turkish and/or Ottoman studies.


LCG and ARC are two of the major production-ready Grid middleware solutions being used by hundreds of HEP researchers every day. Even though the middlewares are based on same technology, there are substantial architectural and implementational divergencies. An ordinary user faces difficulties trying to cross the boundaries of the two systems: ARC clients so far have not been capable accessing LCG resources and vice versa. After presenting the similarities and differences of the LCG and ARC middlewares, we will focus on the strategies implementing interoperable layers over the two middlewares. The most important areas are the job submission and management and information system components. The basic requirement for the interoperability layer implementation is capability of transparent cross Grid job submission both from ARC and LCG. (Less)


A framework for designing a family of novel fast cyclic redundancy code (CRC) generation algorithms is presented. Our algorithms can ideally read arbitrarily large amounts of data at a time, while optimizing their memory requirement to meet the constraints of specific computer architectures. In addition, our algorithms can be implemented in software using commodity processors instead of specialized parallel circuits. We use this framework to design two efficient algorithms that run in the popular Intel IA32 processor architecture. First, a "slicing-by-4" algorithm doubles the performance of existing software-based table-driven CRC implementations based on the Sarwate [12] algorithm while using a 4-Kbyte cache footprint. Second, a "slicing-by-8" algorithm triples the performance of existing software-based CRC implementations while using an 8-Kbyte cache footprint. Whereas well-known software-based CRC implementations compute the current CRC value from a bitstream reading 8 bits at a time, our algorithms read 32 and 64 bits at a time, respectively (this is an extended version of a paper that appeared at the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC '05) in Cartagena, Spain, in June 2005). The slicing-by-8 source code is freely available for experimentation and can be found at http://sourceforge.net/projects/slicing-by-8.


Renewable energy sources (RES) gain an importance in recent decades because they are pollution free, easily erectable, and limitless. Among RES, Photovoltaic systems are mostly used as they are light, clean and easily installable. Normally PV cells converts sunlight into electricity in the form of dc. A suitable converter is usually needed to convert the dc power into ac power, which is then injecting into the power grid. The Multilevel Inverters [MLI] can be used to convert the dc into ac for integration of renewable energy sources into the conventional grids. But the conventional MLIs such as Diode Clamped MLIs requires extra diodes in conjunction with the active switches, Flying capacitor MLIs requires extra Capacitors and control also difficult if the levels increases and the Cascaded H-bridge MLIs requires separate dc sources which limits its use. This paper proposes a new type of multi level Inverter which converts the dc into ac using less number of switches when compared to conventional multilevel Inverters. The proposed Inverter can be used to integrate the Photovoltaic system into Grid, with satisfying the grid requirements such as phase angle, frequency and amplitude of the Grid voltage. Seven level and thirteen level proposed MLI is simulated using Matlab/Simulink environment and the corresponding results are presented in this paper.


This study aims to know whether there is a significant influence of applying problem based learning model on students' history achievement on the topic of ethical policy at the eleventh grade students of TKR of SMK Negeri 4 Padangsidimpuan. The method of this research is experimental with 65 students as the sample. Descriptive and inferential analyzes are used to analyzed the data. Based on the data analysis, it was found that: (1) the average of applying problem based learning model is 2.68 (good category), (2) the average of students' history achievement on the topic of ethical policy before applying problem based learning model is 63.23 (enough category) and after applying problem based learning model is 72.15 (good category), and (3) tcount is greater than ttable (5.74>1.665). It can be concluded that there is a significant influence of applying problem based learning model on students' history achievement on the topic of ethical policy at the eleventh grade students of TKR of SMK Negeri 4 Padangsidimpuan


A semiconductor device and a method using the same are provided to improve the uniformity of the etch rate. A semiconductor device comprises the edge ring which is equipped in order to surround the periphery area of the semiconductor wafer(150) neighboring in the semiconductor process; a plurality of protrusions located on the surface of the edge ring. The edge ring is provided to prevent that the semiconductor wafer moves to the boundary outside the processing plane. The edge ring comprises six protrusions which are equally-spaced. The protrusions are not upward extended than the top surface of the semiconductor wafer.


In Data Exploration platforms, diversification has become an essential method for extracting representative data, which provide users with a concise and meaningful view of the results to their queries. However, the benefits of diversification are achieved at the expense of an additional cost for the post-processing of query results. For high dimensional large result sets, the cost of diversification is further escalated due to massive distance computations required to evaluate the similarity between results. To address that challenge, in this paper we propose the Progressive Data Diversification (pDiverse) scheme. The main idea underlying pDiverse is to utilize partial distance computation to reduce the amount of processed data. Our extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real data sets show that our proposed scheme outperforms existing diversification methods in terms of both I/O and CPU costs.


The purpose of the paper is to study the effect of institutional ownership on dividend policy. In order to study the affect of institutional ownerships on dividend policy the institutional owners are segregated as joint stock companies, foreign companies, insurance companies, banks, modarabas and mutual funds. Total 104 firms listed at Karachi Stock Exchange for a period of eight years were taken as sample for analysis. Fixed effect model of panel data regression is used for finding the relationship between institutional ownership and dividend policy. The results show that joint stock companies' ownership, foreign companies' ownership and insurance companies' ownership have positive and significant effect on dividend payment due to their high percentage of shares in Pakistani firms and having strong influence on decision making power of the firms' managers. Banks, modarabas and mutual funds ownerships show no significant relation with dividend payment. The results suggest that firms can attract big institutional owners through growth in their dividend payment which will be helpful for them to get shareholder confidence along with improvement in firm's performance and high market capitalization.


Through the single factor experiment,the formula of liquid strain of Auricularia polytricha was been optimized by shake flask in order to obtain carbon source and nitrogen source.The results showed that corn starch and the peptone are the best active carbon source and nitrogen source respectively.The optimal incubation time had been determined for 5 day by measuring the growth curve of liquid culture and tie-back test.The growth time of mycelia of liquid strain of Auricularia polytricha cultivated in the optimal condition is less than 6 days comparing to solid strain,and the efficiencies of biological of both are almost equal.


The present invention relates to a disposable Dingjijiaose production process, having the following process steps: a, preparation of raw materials: 100% of the self-test semi-finished product; B, pre-washing; C, removing the plastic edge, plastic wire and rubber crumbs; d, sperm washing: butyl rubber washing machine for cleaning, specific process: 1, coarse spray cleaning; 2, the first cleaning; 3, the second cleaning; 4, three washes; 5, sperm washing; 6 silicide; 7 flushing; 8, steam sterilization and dried in vacuo; 9, hot air drying in vacuo sterilization; 10, cooling; 11, inspection; 12, with the qualified product can be sterilized bags. The present invention provides a disposable Dingjijiaose to mass production manufacturing process.


Traffic congestion is a major problem in cities of developing Countries like India. Growth in urban population and the middle-class segment consume vehicles to the rising number of vehicles in the cities. Congestion on roads eventually results in slow moving traffic, which increases the time of travel, thus be notable as one of the major issues in metropolitan cities. Emergency vehicles like ambulance and fire trucks need to reach their destinations at the earliest. If they spend a lot of time in traffic jams, valued lives of many people may be in danger. Here the image sequences from a camera are analyzed using various edge detection and object counting methods to obtain the most efficient technique. Then, the number of vehicles at the intersection is evaluated and traffic is efficiently managed. The traffic signal indication continuously glows to green as long as the emergency vehicle is waiting at the traffic lane. After the vehicle crossed the junction, automatically the traffic signals follow the previous pattern generation of traffic signals. This can be implemented in LABVIEW.


The rapid increase of our knowledge of the Flea fauna of the Republic of Argentina during recent years is due to Dr. J, M. de la Barrera, Director of the Institute of Hygiene at Buenos Aires, and we students of Siphonaptera in the Tring Department of the British Museum (Natural History) are profoundly grateful to him for the invaluable collections submitted to the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) for study and report. The latest collection, received in the autumn of 1952, contained, inter alia, a number of interesting species from Bariloche, Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, where Dr. de la Barrera has a summer residence. Among these fleas is a species which excels in interest every other new one Dr. de la Barrera has previously discovered. When the specimens were cleared and mounted the very conspicuous and quite unexpected kind of distinction of this species took my breath away, and my two colleagues reacted in the same way : incredible! The Incredible Flea is the subject of this paper. A new species, new genus, new tribe. I name the genus Barreropsylla in appreciation of the great services Dr. de la Barrera has rendered and is continuing to render to the study of Fleas, an order of parasites so closely linked to his researches on the diseases of the wild mammals of his country. I expect that students of Siphonaptera will be as astonished at the somewhat spectacular distinctions of the species as we were, and that the extraordinarily wide gap, in some somatics, between Barreropsylla excelsa and the related species will arouse interest beyond the sphere of Siphonapterology. A short survey of the main characteristics will be sufficient to prove that the species provides an ample field of meditation for the taxonomist and geneticist In evaluating the characteristics of B. excelsa we must bear in mind that the species, apart from its special features, is an American Stephanocircid fitting well into the subfamily of Craneopsyllinae ; there is no doubt about that. Confining the discussion, for the sake of brevity, to four of the obvious distinguishing features of B. excelsa, we can group them into two phylogenetically contrasting categories : {a) Characters ancestral for the Stephanocircidae and (6) characters highly specialized. The first category is exemplified in the postantennal section of the head (usually termed occiput in our writings on fleas) (Fig. 3) : the dorsal margin is medianly somewhat rounded dilated [dt) ; this is an early step in the evolution of a sclerotized band which extends some distance down the side in all other species of the family, Cleopsylla Rothschild, 1914, taking an intermediate position. Similarly primitive


Particulate matter (PM) emission by motorized vehicles is influenced by the vehicles(catalytic converter used, usage frequency, travelling speed, age, etc.) and fuel(type, mixture, etc.)


Justice is not the abbreviation of equity and equlity. Justice is the baseline of ethics in socialism politics life which can normalize behaviors. Justice is the baseline of ethics during the formulating and performance of socialism political principles. Justice is also the baseline standard of ethics for civics to evaluate socialism politics. In order to construct socialism politic civilization,justices as the politic ethnic baseline should be hold on by government staffs of each level. Only by hold on politic ethnic baseline,should peoples primary interest be maintained and realized,and minister ability and level of the governing party be enhanced,corruption from potency be prevented,therefore all sorts of population events result from profit contradiction be avoided,and harmonious in public order be guaranteed.


Contemporary South African poet and scientist Douglas Livingstone ( 1932-1996) uses Darwin's theory of evolution to challenge us to contemplate both the biological laws of life and its mystery. Four of the 35 poems from his final collection, A Littoral Zone ( 1991 ). deal directly with evolution, but they also explore the realms of contingency and teleology, which lie beyond Darwin's theory of natural selection. In these poems Livingstone uses Darwinism as a metaphor for the relentless and interconnected pattern of biological life, and makes us aware of the ecological safety net that supports humankind's existence on Earth. In The Ascent of Science Brian Silver makes this optimistic ecological claim:


Abstract Thirty-one patients showing attentional deficits after acute onset brain injury were allocated randomly to two groups; 17 subjects received computerised attentional retraining and 14 received recreational computing. Although there were only minor differences in attentional function at the end of training, by 6-month follow-up the experimental group performed better on two tests related plausibly to attentional function, namely PASAT and the arithmetic subtest of the WAIS-R.


In this paper, a fuel cell powered motor emulator is proposed. The MATLAB/Simulink model including the fuel cell stack, the motor and drive models is described. The Urban Driving Cycle test is performed in MATLAB environment. Effective operating conditions of the whole fuel cell powered motor are accurately emulated according to actual regulations in force. The emulated current profile is used for experimental tests on a 5kW Nuvera PowerFlow stack. Thanks to the proposed approach, the motor and inverter drives are accurately emulated and the provided test-bench is used to evaluate performances of the stack under test for automotive applications. Simulation and experimental results are compared to test the accuracy of the proposed emulator. Experimental results are shown and performance evaluation is carried out.