The papers in this special issue of the Journal of Education Policy address a set of neoliberal doubles that rest on a mutually 'beneficial' relation of education reform to profit for business. That is to say, the processes of reforming education create a set of present and future profit opportunities for edu-businesses. These occur both at the general level in a shift from state to private provision and the concomitant commodification of education, and at the substantive level, the reform process and reform initiatives themselves create a raft of specific (wholesale and retail) profit opportunities, particularly in relation to digitalisation – pedagogy, teacher education, assessment, data analytics and big data etc. Education reform is now in effect a marketplace of business opportunities and commercial solutions. Both profit and social returns are being sought (Eggers & Macmillan, 2013). The market in educational solutions as exemplified in the papers here is of course part of a bigger narrative that entails the financialisation and privatisation of government and the concomitant escalation of levels of debt both for businesses and for consumer/citizens. There is also another general process of reform at work here that 'grows' new markets and encourages new consumers especially via the digitalisation of education that in particular serves the interests of multinational hardware and software companies. Selwyn's paper addresses this via the medium of IT trade shows for teachers. There is a second double embedded here, which involves working (endogenously) with and (exogenously) against the state. Partnerships and contracts with the state are part of the process of re-working education as a commodity or more precisely a monetised 'service', at the same time as a set of alternative forms of private provision and a ' shadow state' (Wolch 1990) are created to supplement and/or displace state provision – Stacey's paper offers the example of independent schools in Western Australia. Other doubles are the rhetorical assertion of moral and financial complementarity – 'doing well by doing good' and alongside this possibilities of 'worldmaking' for super rich philanthropists and social capitalists (Ravitch 2016), that is the enactment of personal beliefs and commitments through investment, advocacy and processes of dissemination, whereby the personal becomes political in the form of technical solutions to social problems. Businesses and philanthropies as 'reform agents' are contributing to both the re-imagination of the 'educational space' as a market and the production of an infrastructure of organisation, processes and subjects in whose relations market exchanges become a sensible and necessary form for the production and consumption of education, establishing a new topology for educational provision. Adhikary's paper addresses this re-imagination, and draws together IT, philanthropy and new policy topographies, and the global flow of policy, by examining the social-mediatisation of reform in the example of the use of Facebook by the Teach for Bangladesh programme. One concomitant effects of these processes is a reworking of the educational experience and what it means to teach and to learn – which Burch's paper addresses in the case of public and private schools and educational technology in India (see also Hogan's paper on teacher agency). Another is that within this dispositif of reform and its molar and molecular processes the educational subject is re-formed in relation to a de-statization of government. At the same time education businesses operate both to 'fill in' the space created by educational reform arrangements with pedagogical/technological/ digital innovations – and thence produces new opportunities, in terms of demand, for IT services – Burch refers to this as the 'EdTech craze'. The investments


[Objective] To validate the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with paroxetine in treating durative somatoform pain disorder.[Methods] Eighty-six patients with durative somatoform pain disorder were randomly divided into two groups: acupuncture combined with paroxetine group and paroxetine alone group.Before treatment and in the 2,4 and 8 week after treatment,pain,dumps,anxiety and the adverse effects were measured according to SF-MPQ,HAMD,HAMA and TESS standards respectively.[Results] In the 8 week after treatment,the differences of the total substrative rate of PPI had statistical significance and the differences of the total substrative rate of HAMD,HAMA had no stratistical significance between these two groups;In the 4 and 8 week after treatment significant differences of the scores of HAMD and HAMA were found when compared with pre-treatment parameters in the treatment group(P0.05,P0.01);In the control group,on the days of 4 and 8 week after treatment significant differences of the scores of HAMD were obtained when compared with pre-treatment determinations(P0.05,P0.01).Significant differences of HAMA scores in the control group were also found compared with pre-treatment parameters in the 2,4,and 8 week after treatment(P0.05,P0.01).[Conclusion] Acupuncture combined with paroxetine is effective in the treatment of durative somatoform pain disorder.


There is an increased risk of blood transfusion in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) because of the presence of the autoantibody that may shorten the survival of transfused red cells. Futhermore, its presence makes difficult the detection of red cell alloantibodies, which may cause hemolytic reactions. In spite of these added risks, blood must never be denied a patient with justifiable need, i.e. when important clinical manifesta tions of anemia are present. This is true even though the in vitro compatibil ity test may be strongly incompatible.


mapping of the local density of states with single-molecule and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy; and direct measurement of optical losses in plasmon-enhanced thin silicon films. collective nonlinear optical effects in plasmonic oligomers using cylindrical metasurfaces with advanced functionalities; and opto-acoustic interactions in lossy metal-dielectric waveguides. phase harmonic generation dynamic in plasmonic nanoparticles; of dielectric metasurfaces with the Kerker effect; and nanostructures using high-throughput nanofabrication


In this article, I assume that musical works are abstract types, and I raise and address a new question concerning musical ontology that may take the types view at least a step further: When do musical works cease to exist? I then propound my view about musical works as types, which is somewhat like the Aristotelian Realist position concerning universals. Next, I address some objec- tions to that view. Finally, I provide some grounds for rejecting alternative views that see Western classical musical works before 1950 (the sorts of musical works the discussion here is restricted to) either as classes or else as kinds. Ontologically speaking, musical works clearly are abstract objects, instantiated by their many (more or less) correct and full performances. They are not to be identified with their scores, because they can exist without scores, as memories. And they exist unscored especially in the case of music in oral traditions, such as jazz or Indian classical music. Nor are musical works identical with their (more or less) correct and full performances, for they can exist prior to ever being performed, for example, in virtue of their scores existing, or as accurate memories in the composer's or someone else's mind. Moreover, while a given perfor- mance may be lackluster or have some such property, such properties need not apply to the musical work itself, thus individuating musical works from performances, following Leibniz's Law. In this article, I begin in section 1 by assuming musical works are abstract types, and I raise and address a new question concerning musical ontology that may take the types view at least a step further: When do musical works cease to exist? In section 2, I propound my view about musical works as types, which is somewhat like the Aristotelian Realist position concerning universals. Section 3 addresses some objections to that view. Finally, section 4 provides some grounds for rejecting alter- native views that see Western classical musical works before 1950 (the sorts of musical works the discussion here is restricted to) either as classes or else as kinds. Note the following qualifications before I proceed


Uridine 5′-diphosphate α-D-galactofuranose, which is likely to be a biochemical donor of D-galactofuranosyl residues in Nature, is synthesized from α-D-galactofuranosyl phosphate and uridine 5′-monophosphate.


The results of 35 patients who got whole brain irradiation for metastatic disease are analysed in terms of relief of symptoms, quality of remission and survival time. Patients are distinguished in a group with known and in a group with unknown primary tumor. The results of the first group are indicated in brackets. The mean survival time for patients with unknown primary tumor is 7,5(4,2) and the median survival time is 3(2,2) months. 12 months after radiotherapy, 25% (9%) of the patients are still alive. More than 75% (55%) show considerable relief of symptoms. The proportion of failures is approximately 20% for both groups. These results indicate that radiotherapy of brain metastases gives good palliation even for patients with unknown primary tumor.


We discuss electrical conductivity spectra of the three glass systems 0.3[xLi 2 O.(1-x)Na 2 O]0.7B 2 O 3 , 0.3[xLi 2 O.(1-x)K 2 O].0.7B 2 O 3 and 0.3[xNa 2 O. (1-x)K 2 O].0.7B 2 O 3 (with x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) which have been determined by impedance spectroscopy. Covering a wide temperature range the spectra show a transition from a dc plateau into a dispersive regime. In the latter, the conductivity continuously increases with frequency, tending towards a linear frequency dependence at sufficiently low temperatures. Classical mixed alkali effects, e.g in the dc conductivity, the activation energy and the glass transition temperature, are identified and discussed. We investigate how the strength of the different kinds of mixed alkali effects is influenced by the difference in size of unlike alkali ions. The results are discussed in the framework of the Dynamic Structure Model and the Concept of Matrix Mediated Coupling.


—Malaria is a disease that, despite having been around for more than quite a while, continues to ensure innumerable lives consistently. The movement of man-made intellectual ability has arranged for the progression of novel wilderness fever treatment methods. We are acquainting AI approaches with this field in this venture, which can be useful in illness counteraction, discovery, and treatment. In view of the grouping of meager blood smear images of possibly contaminated cells, convolutional brain networks for malaria identification are created.We present image handling strategies for portioning red platelets from entire slide images. We likewise utilize the Support Vector Machine (SVM), a directed AI calculation that can be applied to both grouping and relapse issues.


The research proposes a simulation model combined with smart optimizer based on Artificial Intelligence techniques, in order to support service and maintenance of pools within Complex Systems, such as power plants or vessel/aircraft fleet. The authors propose an innovative methodology allowing the evaluation and the optimization of service and maintenance policies in order to improve inventory management and scheduling operations within complex systems. This methodology is based on the development of a simulator combined with an intelligent optimizer. The authors proposed a new metrics to evaluate the real performance of pool service management of the whole complex system and support the optimization processes.


The question of identity and values remains a part of the debates in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Values of a socialist society have disappeared in the transitional period, and new and much stronger identifications have emerged: ethno-religious collectives that made groups closed and left them unprepared for re-examining their established identities and the possible creation of multiple identities. Feeling comfortable and secure in one's collective identity closes a phase in political consolidation, and in a divided society it closes the opportunity to recognize the other and different, to give their existence legitimacy, participation in governance and allocation of resources, all of which open up the potential for the further development of a democratic system. The problems of predominance of the collective occur in situations when individuals do not identify themselves through ethnic dimensions and yet have a formal right to democratic and political participation. Topics involving mutually recognizing collectives and unidentified individuals still burden the political system, and resolving these issues remains a condition for the development of elements of a participatory and centrifugal political culture. Perhaps it is wrong to analyse political culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina by comparing it with the political cultures of national states, as it is evident that these represent different social conditions and different institutional systems. Instead, perhaps it would be better to conduct a comparative analysis of systems and political cultures in divided societies: what conditions do we need to make one consociational model functional? It could be a democratic political culture in which the condition of minimum consensus regarding certain questions exist. An additional burden for the transitional period is also found in the post-conflict situation: facing the past and creating a sense of trust among ethnic groups. Assessing the type of political culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis of a few empirical studies is not sufficient. The development of a democratic political culture is burdened by a socialist legacy, the country's recent past, and the search for identity and the status of individuals. Finally, the complete lack of consensus among ethnic groups and the issues that arise as a result of different interpretations of the nature of the political system further destabilize the consociational model.


Ab-initio sto-3G energies for uracil (U) and the tautomer 4-hydroxyuracil (U*) are reported. The four highest occupied molecular orbital energies for uracil correlate with experimental photoelectron ionization potentials with a least-squares linear correlation coefficient of 0.999. The energy ΔEt for U ⇋ U* using the best available geometries is 25.5 kcal/mole. The reaction field continuum model for the solvent effect indicates that ΔEt may be lowered by approximately 3 kcal/mole. Therefore the diketo form of uracil is theoretically determined to be the most stable form in solution as well as in the gas phase, in complete agreement with experiment.


I rarely admitted to being an obstetrician before I retired. People get embarrassed when they can't pronounce your occupation. Cabbies taking me to the royal college would ask me to explain the difference between obstetrics and gynaecology, and their opinion of the specialty would depend on how successful their family's reproductive history had been. That applies to everyone, of course, not just taxi drivers.

I was not alone in being shy. My younger colleagues called themselves fetal medicine …


Abstract : This report presents the results of the analysis of a limited sample of wave spectra obtained for Station 'Kilo' in the North Atlantic (93 records). Correlation of measured parameters, such as wave height and period, with surface log data (wind speed, observed wave height) is presented. Wave spectra were grouped by height and by period and resulting average parameters compared. Plots are given of the spectral families. Because of the limited sample available for Station K, results are less conclusive than for Station I. (Author)


Objective: To study the effect of P91024,a derivative of tetrahydroisoquinoline,1-{1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)ethyl}-2-p-nitrobenzyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide,on experimental arrhythmias and isolated guinea pig atria.Methods: Arrhythmic models induced by calcium chloride,barium chloride and adrenaline in animals were used to observe the effect of intragastric administration of P91024 on experimental arrhythmia.The isolated guinea pig atria were adopted.Before and after giving P91024,post-rest contraction and positive staircase were measured.Results: P91024 30 and 60mg·kg-1 can reduce calcium chloride-induced incidence of ventricular fibrillation(P0.01) and shorten recovery time of sinus rhythm(P0.05) in rats.P91024 60mg·kg-1 can shorten barium chloride-induced arrhythmic duration(P0.05) in rats.P91024 26.1 and 52.2mg·kg-1 also can shorten adrenaline-induced arrhythmic duration(P0.05) in guinea pigs.P91024 at the concentration of 5×10-5mol·L-1 can turn over positive staircase phenomenon(P0.01) and inhibit post-rest contraction(P0.01) of isolated left atrium of guinea pigs.Conclusion: P91024 has a significant effect on experimental arrhythmia and positive staircase phenomenon as well as post-rest contraction of isolated left atrium of guinea pigs.P91024 may be specific calcium antagonist.


This paper presents a new approach to regularizing the inverse kinematics problem for redundant manipulators using neural network inversions. This approach is a four-phase procedure. In the first phase, the configuration space and associated workspace are partitioned into a set of regions. In the second phase, a set of modular neural networks is trained on associated training data sets sampled over these regions to learn the forward kinematic function. In the third phase, the multiple inverse kinematic solutions for a desired end-effector position are obtained by inverting the corresponding modular neural networks. In the fourth phase, an "optimal" inverse kinematic solution is selected from the multiple solutions according to a given criterion. This approach has an important feature in comparison with existing methods, that is, both the inverse kinematic solutions located in the multiple solution branches and the ones that belong to the same solution branch can be found. As a result, better control of the manipulator using the optimum solution than that using an ordinary solution can be achieved. This approach is illustrated with a three-joint planar arm.


Aim: To assess the effects of air stacking on cough peak flow (CPF) and chest wall compartmental volumes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) versus age-matched healthy controls positioned at 45° trunk inclination. Methods: CPF, chest wall compartmental inspiratory capacity (ICCW), vital capacity (VCCW), tidal volume (VTCW) and breathing pattern were assessed by optoelectronic plethysmography during a protocol composed by VC maneuvers and CPF before and after air stacking. Results: Twelve ALS (7 males) were recruited (Age: 46±12; FVC%pred: 53±18; FEV1%pred: 49±13%; MIP%pred: 33±10.1; MEP%pred: 44±18.4; SNIP%pred: 39±8.4). Compared to controls, significant lower CPF (p=0.007), ICCW (p Conclusion: Air stacking is effective in increasing the CPF, ICCW and VCCW of ALS subjects. After the maneuver, CPF increased as a result of the enlargement of the rib cage.


An exact analytical formulism obtained directly by solving a system of rate and propagation equations in the presence of pump excited-state absorption is presented on the basis of four-band transition scheme in radially symmetric and longitudinally uniform monomode erbium doped silica fiber lasers. The exact analytical expressions are determined for overall gain, small-signal gain, pump intensity threshold, lasing threshold condition, and optimal fiber length in terms of alleviative measurable quantities of photon intensities, transition rates, absorption and emission cross sections, and reflectivity of mirrors. Mutatis mutandis, the formulas bear a verisimilitude to analytical expressions appearing in the literature for these parameters.


Objectives:Persistent postsurgical pain, musculoskeletal pain, sensory disturbances, and lymphedema are major clinical problems after treatment for breast cancer. However, there is little evidence on how these sequelae affects physical function. The aim this study was to develop and validate a procedure-specific tool for assessing the impact of pain and other sequelae on physical function after breast cancer treatment. Methods:A literature review, patient and expert interviews were used to identify dimensions of physical function and sequelae. A questionnaire was developed and tested using cognitive interviews, and field tested among 389 patients treated for primary breast cancer without recurrence (response rate 81%). Median follow-up was 14 months. Using item response theory we identified 5 cause scales of reduced physical functioning: pain after surgery, musculoskeletal pain, sensory disturbances, lymphedema, and other causes. Convergent validity was assessed using the Quick-Dsability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Scale (Q-DASH). Results:About half of the patients reported decreased physical function. All 5 scales displayed good fit, unidimensionality, monotonicity, local independence, and lack of differential item functioning. Cronbach coefficient &agr; ranged from 0.88 (other causes) to 0.96 (sensory disturbances) for the 5 scales. For the Q-DASH &agr; was 0.91. Each scale revealed different information on causes of reduced function. Discussion:The present scales displayed good psychometric qualities, and may be used to evaluate the impact of specific sequelae after breast cancer treatment on physical functioning, as well as to monitor and target interventions to optimize pain treatment and rehabilitation.


Apple Powdery Mildew caused by pathogen Podosphera Leucotricha is one of the most frequent diseases causing considerable quantitative and qualitative damage into the apple culture whose control is based mainly in the chemical method, even though this disease remains a matter of concern for the producers of this apple cultivar. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to identify a more effective fungicide for combating the apple powdery (P. leucotricha) as well as finding the right timing to carry these treatments. The study was carried during the 2010 – 2011 period in the District of Prishtina. The study was carried on Idared and Jonagold cultivars, which take a considerable part in the plantation structure and indicated higher rate of sensitivity to this disease as shown in the previous studies. During this study we have applied different types of fungicides for the sake of comparison of the data obtained when applying biologic and traditional methods, alternatively, in combating this disease. All these findings were presented in the diagrams and compared with the control parcel. Intensity of the infection was calculated in a periodic manner during the vegetation period (June – September), based on which findings we measured the efficiency scale of applied fungicides. The purpose of this study is to obtain concrete results from testing several fungicides, their type and dosage, in order to have a better and more realistic view over their effect, which in future would serve the local farmers in finding the best practices of combating the powdery mildew.


Based on the summarized related measurement methods of mechanics,thermal,geometric parameters,this paper analyzed the applicability scope and advantages and disadvantages of various testing methods,and then obtained a set of heat resistance analysis methods of architectural structure based on measurement test method,the practice proved that,this method could accurately determine the fire resistance situation of buildings,provided basis for future data simulation.


There's a brave new world of check clearing on the horizon, and paper checks have little to do with it . . . maybe If your memory is long enough in this business you'll recall numerous attempts at rolling back the sea of paper checks processed and cleared by banks each year. The automated clearing house system, after all, was intended to do this. While it has slowed check growth, it hasn't reversed the upward trend of check volume in the two decades since the system was created. Check truncation, electronic check collection, and other efforts to reduce the paper flow have also been introduced, and some of them remain active. Will the '90s bring a different approach to check processing? Quite possibly, yes. For one thing, increased competition continues to press banks to contain costs and improve operating efficiency. For another, electronic technology has advanced a lot farther than the early days of the ACH. As a result, several electronic check clearing and truncation projects hold promise for reducing or at least maintaining the cost of clearing paper checks. Proponents admit that big cost reductions won't come in the short term. But there is a strong possibility that banks will see reductions in loss exposures, a general containment of the estimated $40 billion tab spent each year on check clearing, and new opportunities to enhance revenue streams through check services. Privatization. By modernizing the check clearing process, many bankers also hope the industry will be able to wrest control of the payments system from the Federal Reserve. "Privatization of the payments system is absolutely necessary for the survival of banking," insists Dick Ercole, president of Huntington Technology Co., Columbus, Ohio. "It's really the last franchise we have." The Huntington Bancshares unit manages a new national check-exchange system called the National Clearinghouse Association (NCHA). The system is an example of a joint-venture approach to check-clearing that competes with the Fed and works to improve revenue streams for member banks. NCHA, which is also known as CHEXS (for Check Exchange System), is the product of an alliance between Huntington; Littlewood, Shain & Company (an Exton, Pa.-based consulting firm); and U.S. Check (a Columbus-based air courier service). The organization was created in 1992 to provide a national check clearing and settlement apparatus through member participation in local clearing houses. Beyond check clearing. The primary intent of NCHA was to undercut the prices charged by Federal Reserve Banks for check-collection services by expanding the local clearing house mechanism nationwide. But already, NCHA members are preparing to exploit their affiliations with the group to enhance correspondent and corporate cash-management services. "There are a lot of products that can come out of these initiatives," notes Ercole. Among them: check clearing for downstream correspondents, electronic check returns, and enhanced cash-management reporting. At last count, there were 18 banks participating in the CHEXS system, exchanging checks in about 30 cities. Banks participating in NCHA agree to accept checks from all other members of the national clearing house for presentment to paying banks through local clearing house affiliations. From the vantage of Ercole and others, NCHA is ideally suited for banks looking to contain costs without the large up-front investments required of other, high-technology approaches to check clearing, like electronic check presentment (ECP). NCHA members, Ercole explains, incur a total cost of 1.05 cents for each check cleared through the system, compared with anywhere from one cent to five cents per item for clearing checks through the Federal Reserve. And unlike electronic check presentment, NCHA requires no new investments in software. "It's definitely cheaper than ECP," says Ercole of the NCHA approach to clearing checks. …


Twenty eucalyptus clones of Dongmen were tested for their adaptability, fast-growing,resistance to typhoon. Cluster analysis based on 2 indexes correlated with typhoon damage of 20 eucalyptus clones was made by Statistical Product and Service Solutions software according to minimum squared Euclidean distance(MSED).The results showed that the survival rate, the growth, the typhoon damage rate and the index of the typhoon damage between clones were highly significant different. DM17, DM14, DM1,DM13 and DM7 had strong ability to adapt the environment, DM5, DM6, DM7 and DM17 growed faster.The 20 clones could be clustered into 4 groups based on their resistances to typhoon, among them DM7,DM17 and DM19 were the strongest, DM8 was the weakest, while the other clones had medium resistance to typhoon damage.Combining the adaptability, fast growth, typhoon-resistance and the result of clustering analysis, DM7 and DM17 can be preliminary used as the fast growing and good typhoon-resistant eucalyptus clones in the Dongmen region.


Collision tumors of ovary are rare neoplasms and most commonly consist of a teratoma with mucinous tumor. Combination of papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma and dysgerminoma was yet to be reported. A twenty years female patient presented with a large tumor of right ovary. Microscopically it was diagnosed as a collision tumor of ovary composed of dysgerminoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma. Mixed tumour can arise from divergent differentiation of a single type of stem cell. But components of collision tumor must arise from separate clones. Possibility of collision tumour should always kept in mind during assessment of difficult ovarian tumors to avoid diagnostic error. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.14955 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.224-227


The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of curcumin on the osteoclastogenic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. PBMCs from patients with RA (n=12) and healthy controls (n=10) were cultured to assess osteoclastogenic potential. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts differentiated from PBMCs isolated from patients with RA was significantly increased compared with that of the healthy controls. In addition, the osteoclast number in patients with RA was correlated with the clinical indicators, Sharp score (r=0.810; P=0.001) and lumbar T-score (r=−0.685; P=0.014). Furthermore, the resorption area was increased in the RA group compared with the healthy controls. The mRNA and protein expression levels in PBMC-derived osteoclasts treated with curcumin were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Curcumin inhibited the osteoclastogenic potential of PBMCs, potentially by suppressing activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1) expression. The results of the present study demonstrated that curcumin may inhibit the osteoclastogenic potential of PBMCs from patients with RA through the suppression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/RANK/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathways, and that curcumin may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of bone deterioration in inflammatory diseases such as RA.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: multi-chip module contains at least two packages of bodies with integrated circuits of operating and permanent memory, a switching card and a processor mounted on the base. Mounted on the base is a set of microplates and a cover forming together with the base a sealed body assembly. Respectively mounted on the inner surfaces of the cover and the base are the switching card and the processor connected to the body microplates by means of wire connections while on the outer surface of the base external outputs are arranged electrically connected to the cover and the microplates by means of the switching card and via through current-conducting channels. EFFECT: multi-chip module structure allows to significantly expand the functional capabilities of the module, to ensure its repair capability. 2 cl, 2 dwg


Solar cells of GaAs series are of the ones mostly, widely used in,and popularly known AM0ng,the areas relating to space,and has become a focus in researches to update the solar cells design.


As the time of my son's birth approached, my worries about breastfeeding came into sharp focus. I knew the benefits of breastfeeding and had plenty of book knowledge on the subject. I knew I wanted to breastfeed. I had been sexually abused when I was a child, however, and I was concerned. I worried that I would not be able to maintain the constant physical close-ness breastfeeding would require and that breastfeeding might trigger memories of the abuse. I was especially distraught because I believed that I would be failing my child and myself if I were not able to breastfeed (Beth Dubois). Child sexual abuse can have a major impact on women throughout their lives. It can impact their physical and emotional health and their relationships with others—including their babies. Many women who have been abused want to breastfeed their babies. But they come to new motherhood with issues and concerns that are unique to them and their experiences, as Beth describes above. In this presentation, the author provides an overview of the lifetime effects of childhood sexual abuse. The framework is modified from the one presented previously (Kendall-Tackett 1998), and reflects the newest work in the field. The literature on the long-term effects of sexual abuse is rich and can provide insight into how to best work with these mothers. While sexual abuse can be a devastating experience, it need not become the blueprint for the rest of one's life. Women can, and do, recover from it. By breastfeeding their babies, women can move their lives in a healing and life-affirming direction. The answer to that question depends on whom you ask. I have spoken with some abuse survivors who are adamant about not breastfeeding. We must respect that decision. However, other mothers are interested and want to try it. As two recent studies with very different populations have found, mothers who want to try may be the larger group. These are the women we want to reach. In the first study, the sample was 360 primiparous women (Benedict, Paine, & Paine 1994); 74 percent were African American, and 77 percent were low-income. Twelve percent of these women were sexual abuse survivors. There were no differences between the women who had been sexually abused and the non-abused women on rates of cesarean births, induction or augmentation of labor, use of anesthesia, or failure to progress during labor. But …


A new circular dichroism (CD) measurement system based on the detection of elliptically polarized light has been proposed. The approach has several unique and inherent advantages, such as sensitivi...


A thin superconducting/ferromagnetic heterostructure was constructed for which it was found that the collective pinning of Abrikosov vortices can be induced or prevented depending on the ordering of a ferromagnetic dot array. Arrays in the magnetic vortex state will induce flux pinning if uniformly polarized, but a demagnetized, disordered array will not have collective commensurability with the flux lattice. The system also exhibits field- induced superconductivity as a byproduct of the interaction between magnetic vortex stray fields and penetrating flux quanta


This paper deals with the optimal control strategy design of the easier management (EM) dual-mode power-split device (PSD) in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The EM mechanism provides two modes of operation for the HEV based on the clutches performance. One mode is the input split mode and the other is the compound split mode. Dynamic programming (DP) method is used to find the optimal control strategy including the mode switching and the power split between the power sources while providing the charge sustaining condition. Simulation results show significant improvements of the fuel consumption in comparison to the Toyota Hybrid System (THS), which is a well-known industrialized PSD, and in comparison to the rule-based methods. Keywords−− Dual-Mode, Power-Split Device (PSD), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Optimal Control, Dynamic Programming (DP)


The ability of charcoal, a low-cost material derived from biomass pyrolysis, to be functionalized via cation exchange in an aqueous solution, providing new interesting fillers with possible antimicrobial and flame-retardant properties, is discussed here. The adducts obtained through this sustainable procedure, show a significant uptake of close to 30% by weight of well-known quaternary phosphonium salts, tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide, and dodecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide. The new functionalized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Additionally, a study of changing the ratio between the reagents for both adducts was performed to improve salt uptake and optimize the cationic exchange. Dispersibility tests showed the ability of functionalization to deeply change the polarities of the carbon materials to modify the compatibility and improve the possible interactions with different media, such as different polymer matrices.


Premise of the study: Understanding plant cell biomechanics has been hampered by a lack of appropriate experimental tools. Here we introduce a protocol for the incorporation of individual plant protoplasts into precisely sized agarose microbeads. This technology may lead to new ways to manipulate the physical and chemical microenvironment of individual plant cells. Methods and Results: Living protoplasts obtained from BY-2 tobacco suspension cultures were continuously incorporated into a stream of agarose microdroplets, collected in cooled mineral oil as gelled microbeads, and then transferred into liquid MS medium for culture. In this first report, we show that spherical microbeads containing living protoplasts can be easily generated in quantity and that these encapsulated cells continue to grow and divide. Conclusions: Microbead encapsulation of protoplasts affords the opportunity to precisely control the physical microenvironment of individual plant cells. Ultimately, this method may help facilitate novel studies in plant biomechanics.


The absence of economies of scale is a major barrier in use of renewable energy sources in small and dispersed off-grid remote communities. For example, in northern Canada, diesel is currently the main source of electricity and heat generation. Coordination of biomass supply chains could play a key role in improving the cost efficiency and reliability of bioenergy generation through bundled ordering and creation of storage hubs. In this study, a supply chain management model with multiple suppliers and multiple end-user communities is formulated. The proposed model enables us to analyse and compare the outcomes of adopting a cooperative coordination strategy (with a joint pay-off for communities) versus a non-cooperative coordination strategy (with individual payoffs for communities). Other peculiar attributes of the proposed model rest in the addressing of restricted ordering schedules and quantities (due to unavailability of pathways) by advocating nonlinear ordering and distribution costs (to incorporate quantity discounts) achieved through coordinated and/or collective inventories. A real biomass supply chain case study of three northernmost Nunavik communities in Quebec is considered to show the applicability of the model and provide insights for uptake of bioenergy sources in remote off-grid communities.


The term ?texture? refers to patterns arranged in an order in a line or a curve. Textures allow 8 one to make a meaningful interpretation of certain geometric regularity of spatially repeated 9 patterns. In addition, texture also exhibits useful information about spatial distribution of 10 color or gray intensities in an image. Correct interpretation of latent textures of various 11 tissues in a body is an important requirement for a surgeon as a preoperative measure. In this 12 context, extraction of textures in an MR scanned 3D image would assist a medical professional 13 in the preoperative decision making process. This paper proposes a novel technique for 14 extracting directional textures of a 3D MR image in all three axes separately.


To elucidate the relationship between captoprilinduced hemodynamic changes and pharmacokinetics, a dose of captopril 37.5 mg was administrated orally to patients with mild essential hypension (HYT: n=13) and normotensive healthy volunteers (NORM: n=11). An attempt was also made to clarify the relationship between humoral factors and hemodynamic changes. After captopril administration, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) decreased significantly in HYT and NORM. However, heart rate (HR) did not change in either NORM or HYT. After captopril administration, humoral factors changed as follow: plasma renin activity (PRA) increased significantly in NORM, while insignificant increase of PRA was observed at the maximal SBP fall in HYT; plasma aldosterone concentration decreased significantly in HYT and NORM; plasma norepinephrine concentration (NE) increased significantly in NORM, while there was no statistically significant increase in plasma NE in HYT. No significant difference between the Tmax, Cmax and T1/2 of captopril was found in either HYT or NORM. AUC in HYT was significantly higher than that in NORM. Maximal BP fall was observed at T. after captopril administration in both groups. In HYT, the decreased SBP is associated with the pretreatment PRA. However, no significant correlation was discovered between ΔSBP and Delta;PRA. Captopril also produced a significant decrease in SBP and DBP in both lower-renin HYT and NORM.


The author of the article notes that the legal culture determines the level of legal knowledge, legal understanding and legitimacy. The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of the legal culture of the reign of Peter the Great. Attention is paid to causality and factors affecting the quality and condition of the legal consciousness and legal culture of the period under study looked through in the historical and legal context. The researcher concluded that the reforms of Peter I significantly changed the content of the legal culture of Russian society, primarily due to the increasing role of legislation and politics.


Pintashgamachay is an eloquent example of those cultural events of the past that man has left in the present region of Pasco. The site is found near the community of Palca at a height of about 4000 m above sea level and it is very interesting for the amount of rock art traces. They are mainly red coloured paintings on open air surfaces, inside small caves and shelters. A considerable variety of motives and scenes are depicted concerning anthropomorphic and zoomorphic beings as well as geometric designs.


The μνSSM is a supersymmetric standard model that solves the μ problem of the MSSM using the R-parity breaking couplings between the right-handed neutrino superfields and the Higgses in the superpotential, λi ciĤdĤu. The μ term is generated spontaneously through sneutrino vacuum expectation values, μ = λici, once the electroweak symmetry is broken. In addition, the couplings κijkcicjck forbid a global U(1) symmetry avoiding the existence of a Goldstone boson, and also contribute to spontaneously generate Majorana masses for neutrinos at the electroweak scale. Following this proposal, we have analysed in detail the parameter space of the μνSSM. In particular, we have studied viable regions avoiding false minima and tachyons, as well as fulfilling the Landau pole constraint. We have also computed the associated spectrum, paying special attention to the mass of the lightest Higgs. The presence of right and left-handed sneutrino vacuum expectation values leads to a peculiar structure for the mass matrices. The most important consequence is that neutralinos are mixed with neutrinos, and neutral Higgses with sneutrinos.


Discussion of the design and performance of a compact low-power coherent optical data processing system suitable for spacecraft onboard applications. The system is a modification of the conventional optical data processing system in which a much more efficient solid state GaAs laser is substituted for the bulky and inferior He-Ne laser and paraboloidal mirror segments are substituted for the axially symmetric optical system of the conventional data processing system. Theoretical considerations are given to substantiate the improvement of performance aimed at in the modified system. Preliminary tests of the modified design being in progress indicate that a low power, rugged, small size optical system, capable of onboard spacecraft data processing, can be constructed by using off-axis paraboloidal mirror segments.-


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Specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are known to play a causal role in the development of cervical cancer, with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16) identified as the predominant type. Despite this, little is known about cervical immune responses to this pathogen. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of cervical cytobrush sampling and single‐cell cytokine staining to investigate cervical lymphocyte‐specific cytokine responses to HPV‐16 antigens. Of eighteen women recruited into the study, five were HPV DNA positive at the cervix (current exposure) and a further five had circulating antibodies to HPV‐16 (previous exposure). Cervical lymphocytes, isolated from the five HPV DNA‐positive women, two HPV DNA‐negative controls, and one woman with circulating HPV‐16 antibodies were assessed for HPV‐specific responses using intracellular staining for interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). We demonstrate that both CD4+ and CD8+ cervical T lymphocytes, harvested from noninfected and infected subjects, produce these cytokines in response to nonspecific stimulation. However, antigen‐specific (HPV‐16 L1) IFN‐γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ cervical T lymphocytes is only detectable in women exposed currently or previously to HPV‐16. This is the first time that antigen‐specific cytokine responses of mucosal lymphocytes, obtained from a site of HPV infection, have been demonstrated. This finding clearly illustrates the use of intracellular cytokine staining for investigation of low precursor frequency single‐cell antigen‐specific responses in lymphocytes harvested from mucosal sites with HPV infection. J. Med. Virol. 67:234–240, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


INTRODUCTION Current approaches to international development (ID) from a United States perspective are based on rational choice theory and state-centric in their overall orientation. In this paper I argue that understanding the international system as an emergent complex adaptive system (cas) and then pursuing an approach based on cooperation theory and a meliorist-centric orientation will improve, perhaps even accelerate, ID outcomes. Axelrod (1997) acknowledges that rational choice, which assumes all individuals are utility maximizing actors, is the dominant paradigm in social science modeling. Those who take the state-centric approach place the interests of nation states in the core of their analyses and typically employ hard (military and economic instruments) and soft (diplomatic instruments) power methods in pursuance of those interests. Nye (2004) defines power as "the ability to get the outcomes one wants" (p. 1). The nation-building attempts by the U.S. can be seen as examples of exercising power in international development. If we judge success of ID efforts based on these nation-building experiences, it can be said that the record is mixed (Dobbins et al, 2003). Fukuyama (2006) is even more critical; he describes U.S. ID experience as "a stepchild in American foreign policy" (p. 139), implying the interests of other nations are far less important than those of the U.S. Many theorists see cooperation as the desired outcome of foreign policy (in particular, international development) where game (e.g., prisoner's dilemma) and rational choice theories dominate the analytical paradigm (Axelrod and Keohane, 1985; Olson, 1965; Schelling, 1960; Downs, 1957). In this school of thought "being noble in cooperating is entirely irrelevant to the question. What we are seeking is the logically 'best' action in a moral vacuum, not the 'right' thing to do. And that is to defect. It is rational to be selfish" (Ridley, 1996. p. 54). Other scholars who directly address cooperation as a theory (Bicchieri, 1990; Kollock, 1998) still treat it as a desired outcome of other actions. With few exceptions (Ridley, 1996; Kropotkin, 2006), there appears to be no literature that addresses cooperation as an antecedent condition for actions. Cooperation theory, properly defined and fully developed, could play a more constructive role in foreign policy, especially as it relates to international development. Cooperation is intentional mutual aid (Kropotkin, 2006). This definition emphasizes the importance of intention and mutuality as antecedent conditions for actions or behavior. My argument is that a genuine cooperation theory is needed in understanding ID. Over time, effective cooperation efforts could make hard and soft power methods less needed. A new cooperation paradigm that focuses on meliorism over state-centric approaches would be a reasonable step in this direction. I define meliorism as the innate desire of a society to improve its conditions; and if help is needed, it must also be wanted. This particular definition is important because meliorism has been defined by others as the innate desire of a society to improve another society's conditions based on the former's set of values--in other words, a principle for intervention, using hard and soft power approaches. For example, Graebner (2000) attributes a set of foreign policy failures to this definition of meliorism. Another interpretation of the failures described by Graebner could be attributed to intervention that ultimately sought outcomes the U.S. wanted, regardless of what the receiving country needed or wanted. There is risk in using the term meliorism in an interventionist sense, because the presumption that the conditions of the recipient society need to change may be wrong and/or subsequent actions may result in unintended consequences that actually make the society worse off. Furthermore, the presumption may be based on political ideology that seeks moral dominion (Downs, 1957, pp. …


Homer's Ithaka : A Vindication of Tradition. By SIR RENNELL RODD. Pp. 160. Seven illustrations: maps, plans,and sketches. London: Edward Arnold and Co., 1927. 6s. THE author of this work knows Greece well, has read the Odyssey ' oftener than any other book,' and has recently made a personal exploration of Ithaka and its vicinity. With these qualifications for expressing an opinion on the LeukasIthaka question he comes to the conclusion, stated temperately but with confidence, that the Ithaka of the Odyssey is to be found in Thiaki, and that the geography and topography of the poem are accurate. Further, he is satisfied that the poet was personally acquainted with the region. When he adds that there may be in an epic poem some 'slight modification or adaptation of physical features to suit the exigencies of the narrative,' he claims no more than has been admitted on either side of the controversy about Ithaka.


Chen's data for the raw frequency of use of 138 physics journals in the science library at M I T are re‐examined and converted to densities of use‐per‐metre of shelf. Other units of size for obtaining densities, and their measurement, are discussed. There is no evidence for synchronous obsolescence in the 1955 to 1968 volumes of these journals: instead there is some statistically significant evidence of greater density of use with greater age. Similar evidence elsewhere is cited. The ranking order for heaviness of use is also radically altered by converting raw frequencies to densities of use. It is suggested that, for comparing the relative values of different journals, or age groups, in library use or citation studies, analyses of raw frequencies are valueless, and indeed potentially dangerously misleading, until they are converted to allow for the numbers of available items in each group examined.


The objective of this study was to investigate some of the socioeconomic and social-psycho logical determinants of homemakers' satisfaction with their clothing. Data were collected from wives in 204 nuclear families residing in a north central SMSA (Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area) university town. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data, while an adaptation of the jackknife statistic was used for purposes of validation. A fairly extensive discussion of methodology has been included in order to introduce statistical tech niques which are somewhat new to this area of study.

The results support the general hypothesis that satisfaction with clothing is a function of selected socioeconomic and social-psychological variables. In descending order of importance, it was found that a homemaker was more satisfied with her clothing if she (1) was more satisfied with her material well-being, (2) ranked herself higher in the proportion of the family's annual clothing expenditures spent for her, (3) perceived her clothing income to be adequate, (4) never felt restricted in what she wore, (5) spent fewer hours per week doing volunteer work, (6) bought new fashions sooner compared with those with whom she came in contact, and (7) had someone other than herself alone decide what styles of clothing were to be bought for her. The adjusted coefficient of multiple determination for the final regression model was 386, significant at the 001 level.


Occupancy detection of a building has a wide range of applications. Areas such as emergency management, home automation and building energy management can benefit from the knowledge of occupants' locations to provide better results and improve their efficiency. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons installed inside a building are able to provide information on an occupant's location. Since, however, their operation is based on broadcasting advertisements, they are vulnerable to network security breaches. In this work, we evaluate the effect of two types of spoofing attacks on a BLE based occupancy detection system. The system is composed of BLE beacons installed inside the building, a mobile application installed on occupants mobile phones and a remote control server. Occupancy detection is performed by a classifier installed on the remote server. We use our real-world experimental results to evaluate the impact of these attacks on the system's operation, particularly in terms of the accuracy with which it can provide location information.


In this article, we consider the geodesic flows induced by the natural Hamiltonian systems $H(x,p)=\frac{1}{2}g^{ij}(x) p_{i}p_{j} + V(x) $  defined on a smooth Riemannian manifold$(M = \mathbb{S}^{1} \times N, g)$, where $\mathbb {S}^{1}$ is the one dimensional torus, N is a compact manifold, g is the Riemannian metric on M and V is a potential function satisfying $V \leq 0$. We prove that under suitable conditions, if the fundamental group $\pi_{1}(N)$ has sub-exponential growth rate, then the Riemannian manifold M with the Jacobi metric $(h-V)g$, i.e., $(M, (h-V)g)$, is a manifold with conjugate points for all h with $0 < h <\delta$, where $\delta$ is a small number.


The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a resin molded article, a method of manufacturing a resin composition, a resin molded article, a resin composition, a resin powder having low dust generation property, and a method of reducing dust generation of a resin. The method of manufacturing the resin molded article includes a step for preparing a low-dust-emitting resin powder by adding liquid paraffin to a thermosetting resin, and a step for obtaining a resin molded article by heating and kneading the low-dust-emitting resin powder. The step for preparing a low-dust-emitting resin powder comprises a step for melting the thermosetting resin, adding liquid paraffin to the molten thermosetting resin, and stirring and mixing the product.


Construction and design workflows are constantly optimised for efficiency to coincide with the technological revolution to reduce time and cost Venkrbec, V., et al., (2018). There is little real-world adoption of artificial intelligence in architectural design processes due to economic constraints requiring known values influenced by a result-driven model. Since the adoption of Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) followed by Building Information Modelling (BIM), there have been untapped project dataset resources to help optimise the design and construction process Pena et al (2021).
Public and private historical design data, when merged with Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, i.e. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), provides valueadded data assessment. The results of ML algorithms can be an informer tool for use in architectural workflows. Using ML within an algorithmic design (AD) can silhouette how the design sector thinks about its application of data already owned and what could theoretically be generated using data from the design process. Building on existing research Stojanovski, T (2021) furthers the use of the industry's design and construction datasets. Combining the available data with design workflow optimises workflows already in use.
In testing, the research investigates experimental algorithms and generative software modelling to analyse and optimise design workflows showing how AI can influence the human interface with design. The research results were analysed for effectiveness and assessed against current workflows in the absence of this technology to understand the influence researched changes could have on design and construction. The research emphasises the interconnection between current and future applications of data within design and architecture. Implications for design and construction amidst the technological revolution and the need for interdisciplinary conversation are addressed in the findings.


It becomes increasingly clear that not the recognition but the implementation of indigenous people's rights to land and natural resources constitutes the real challenge for international law. This chapter aims to explore the post-judgment phase of the Courts' indigenous peoples' land rights judgments and, in particular, the obstacles hampering the full implementation of those judgments. The protracted, but finalized implementation process following the Awas Tingni decision will be taken as a point of departure for a further study of the impediments hindering the implementation of subsequent indigenous peoples' land rights judgments.


This article examines factors that affect the capacity of marshalling yards after train speed increase in China, and finds out that the major factor is the imbalanced characteristic of freight train flows. According to the arrival and departure regularities of the freight train flows, a method of breaking a day into the busy, the free and the ordinary parts is presented. In addition, by using other research results for reference, a new system based on the changed operations and the devices factor is proposed to describe the capacity of marshalling yard. The computation result of Jinanxi marshalling yard shows that this method provides a more accurate and feasible way to analyze the capacity of marshalling yard.


Purpose. Phantom limb pain is chronic and intractable. Recently, virtual reality (VR) and motion capture technology has replicated the mirror box device of Ramachandran (Ramachandran et al. Nature 1995, 377, 489–490; Ramachandran and Rogers-Ramachandran Proc R Soc Biol Sci 1996, 263, 377–386) and led to reductions in this pain. We present results from a novel variation on this method which captures motion data directly from a patient's stump (rather than using the opposite remaining limb) and then transforms it into goal directed, virtual action enacted by an avatar in a VR environment. Method. A sample of subjects with 'arm' (n = 7) and 'leg' (n = 7) amputations underwent trials of a virtual reality (VR) system, controlled by motion captured from their stump which was translated into movements of a virtual limb within the VR environment. Measures of pain in the phantom limb were elicited from patients before and during this exercise as they attempted to gain agency for the movement they saw, and feel embodied within the limb. After this each subject was interviewed about their experiences. Results. Five subjects in each group felt the virtual limb to be moved by them and felt sensations of movement within it. With this they also reported reductions in their phantom limb pain greater than expected from distraction alone. No carry over effect was seen. Conclusions. This technique, which has shown similar success rates to trials of a virtual mirror box, is relatively cheap and portable, and will allow further trials in a home environment.


Objective To investigate the inhibiting effect of allicin on MDA-MB-231.Methods MDA-MB-231 cells in culture medium were treated with allicin at concentrations of 5、10、20、40 and 80 mg/L,respectively.The inhibitory rate of the cells was measured by MTT assay.The IC50 was drawed by the software of IC50.Morphology of cell was observed by the phase microscope.Results Allicin inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 significantly at 10,20,40 mg/L concentrations(P0.01).The 50% inhibiting concentration(IC50) of 24,48,72 h was 16.50,8.28,7.82 mg/L,respectively.It could be both seen that the division of MDA-MB-231 cell was reduced,some cells were floated,and seen irregular shape,poor state,poor reflecting and cell debris in the remnants by the phase microscope.There were DNA ladders on agarose gel electrophoresis after the cells were treated with allicin at concentrations of 16.50,8.28,7.82 mg/L for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Conclusion Allicin can efectively inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231,and it has anti-tumor effect.


abstract:District expenditures and efficiency can be influenced by the entry of charter schools. Loss of economies due to reduced enrollments and a rising share of high-cost students are some of the key mechanisms that could potentially increase the costs of providing education in district schools. The competitive pressure from charter schools could also lead to efficiency gains by reducing the per pupil amount districts spend to achieve a given level of outcome. Utilizing data for Utah's school districts over the period of 2014–2018, I estimate unobserved effects models to assess the expenditure and efficiency effects of charter schools on traditional public schools. I find significant increases in per-pupil expenditures associated with charter-induced enrollment losses and rising percentages of high need students. I also find evidence of efficiency losses in school districts stemming from the initial charter entry, but most adverse externalities appear to recede over time. The research underscores the policy significance of understanding how fiscally-constrained schools respond to competition.


This paper analyzes the optimal performance of DFT codes with erasures. The optimality of the reconstruction error is proved by characterizing the subframes of a DFT frame.


There is provided a pressure regulator valve device for an air compressor. The pressure regulator valve means includes a cylindrical piston having a central longitudinal axis and movable along the longitudinal axis between a loaded position and an unloaded position. The pressure regulator valve means further comprises a stop member about a pivot axis between a locking position in which the stop member blocks a pressure regulator channel when the piston is in the loaded position, and an unlocking position in which the stop member does not lock the pressure regulator channel and thereby permits compressed air flows from the compressor through the pressure regulator channel when the piston is in the unloaded position, is pivotable.


Social media is a very effective communication media in today's digital era. Of the social media, Twitter is the most widely used social media. Many tweets entered on Twitter have encouraged research in the field of text mining. One of the branches of text mining is sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis in this study was formed from 3 classification algorithms, namely Naïve Bayes and Decission Tree. In practice, the results of the 3 classification algorithms often produce very low levels of accuracy. Bat algorithm is an algorithm that can optimize the results from the accuracy of the Naïve Bayes, K-NN algorithm and Decission Tree. In this study, two research scenarios were made: first, calculating the accuracy of the Naïve Bayes, K-NN algorithm, and Decission Tree. Second, optimizing the classification results of the 3 algorithms with the Bat algorithm method, which then re-tested the accuracy value. In the first scenario the percentage is generated from the accuracy value of Naïve Bayes of 33,58, K-NN of 33,61 and Decission Tree of 32,82. In the second scenario, using one of the objective functions, namely f(x) = x2, the Naïve Bayes value is obtained 39,01, K-NN 66,15 and Decission Tree 76,63. From the results of 3 the optimization test of classification Algorithm, it was found that the overall objective functions of the Bat algorithm were all able to increase the data accuracy value from before optimization. From all the tests, it was found that the Decision Tree algorithm has the highest average value of optimization increment, namely 43,81 %


The frequency regulation pressure of power systems with high renewable power penetration can be effectively relieved by wind power participating in auxiliary frequency regulation service. This paper presented an equivalent method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) -based wind farms considering auxiliary frequency service. Firstly, the characteristics of different frequency regulation methods were analyzed and compared, and a single machine infinite grid model based on integrated frequency regulation strategy was built. Secondly, the differences in transient active power responses of a DFIG working on various wind speeds were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, respectively, and a two-step clustering method based on the active power response is proposed. Finally, the electromechanical transient model of wind farm was simulated on MATLAB/Simulink platform and the results were compared to that of the traditional equivalent model and detailed model. Simulation results showed that the proposed model can more accurately fit the power characteristics of the wind farm.


: The article discusses current trends and directions of research related to diagnosing 8 the level of customer satisfaction in retail banking. The authors review the literature and organize the main research areas. In addition, they undertake a discussion and review of current directions of customer satisfaction studies and propose new directions resulting from current 11 research gaps. The problem of customer satisfaction surveys has been presented both ways – from the research and scientific perspective, as well as from the viewpoint of customer satisfaction surveys completed by one of the biggest banks in the world.


Review(s) of: Captain Robinson the reminiscences of a Tasmanian Master Mariner James William Robinson 1824-1906, by Michael Nash (editor), Blubber Head Press, Hobart, 2009, 187pp., hardback, $40.00m ISBN 9780908528349.


Abstract Morphological variation of scrapers from two artefact concentrations in the Stud Creek catchment, northwest New South Wales (NSW) is examined to investigate whether variation in retouch fits best with a segmented, continuum or composite model. Technological and typological analyses are used to characterise morphological variation. The results clearly show that a composite model, associated with a plurality in the purposes of retouching and in the nature of tool-use prior to discard, is applicable. We argue that the cautious use of typology, requiring phases of hypothesis development and testing, can play an important role in elucidating the nature of morphological variation.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the infection and hypertrophic scar rates in unilateral cleft lip repairs, having had Steri-Strips or Dermabond tissue glue applied across the repair as the final stage. Design: Retrospective study over 13 years of 307 unilateral cleft lip repairs by a single surgeon. The application of either Steri-Strips from 1992 to 1998 (121 patients) or Dermabond tissue adhesive from 1998 to 2006 (186 patients) was used in the final stage of the repair. Setting: Regional Centre for Cleft Lip and Palate Care, South West of England. Participants: 307 consecutive unilateral cleft lip patients seen from 1992 to 2006. Main Outcome Measures and Results: There were five (4%) infections in the Steri-Strip group. All infections were with Staphylococcus aureus. No infections occurred in the Dermabond group (p < .001). There were 15 (12%) hypertrophic scars in the Steri-Strip group and 33 (18%) hypertrophic scars in the Dermabond group (p  =  .142). Revision surgery was required in a total of seven (6%) patients in the Steri-Strip group. No revisions were required in the Dermabond group (p. 1). Conclusion: We found a lower infection and revision rate and a similar hypertrophic scar rate when Dermabond was used instead of Steri-Strips in the final stage of unilateral cleft lip repair and suggest this study further supports the use of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in unilateral cleft lip repair.


Abstract A parallel-plate rheological analysis was developed for two types of cross-linking poly(vinyl acetate) latex films: solid freestanding films (neat), and solid films bonded directly to wood substrates (composites). The composite sample glass transition was increased by 5°C relative to the neat films, suggesting a strong interaction through polymer adsorption. Time-temperature equivalence was used to evaluate the mechanical response and the distribution of relaxation times in both systems. The resulting master curves revealed significant differences in the mechanical response during the glass transition: the neat films exhibited a 2.5–3-decade change in storage modulus and a damping factor of 1.65, while the composite samples showed a much smaller transition (approx. 0.3 decades and tan δ=0.4, respectively). The coupling model of Plazek and Ngai adequately described segmental relaxations in the glass transition. It was found that wood caused a small but significant decrease in segmental coupling (n=0.32±0.01) relative to that of the neat PVAc films (n=0.37±0.01). This finding was independently confirmed by directly fitting the Gram-Charlier statistical model to evaluate the distribution breadth. That wood caused an increase in the poly(vinyl acetate) glass transition, but a decrease in the related segmental coupling seems counterintuitive. The decrease in segmental coupling may result from reduced cross-linking in the composite films relative to the neat films; perhaps wood absorbs water-soluble reactive chains that would otherwise increase cross-linking in the neat films.


It is often unknown whether neutrophil‐bound immunoglobulins (NBIg) in patients with chronic diseases consist of bound immune complexes (IC) or of anti‐neutrophil antibodies. Until now, the detection of IC in serum by the C1q‐binding test has been used to define the nature of NBIg. Here we present studies on methods for characterization of NBIg using a bivalent IC and heat‐aggregated IgG as IC models and neutrophil alloantibodies as antibody models. Heat‐aggregated IgG was readily detected in the C1q‐binding test. However, the bivalent IC, which is capable of binding to both low‐affinity Fc receptors (FcRII and FcRIII) on neutrophils, was not detected in this test. This was due to failure of the bivalent IC to bind to C1q, as was demonstrated by studies with immobilized C1q. However, the bivalent IC as well as heat‐aggregated IgG, when bound to neutrophils from healthy donors, were not or only marginally eluted from the cell surface by lowering the pH, in contrast to a number of different cell‐bound antibodies. This led to the observation that eluates, prepared from sensitized cells, showed reactivity with donor neutrophils, whereas eluates, prepared from cells to which immune complexes had bound, did not. Thus, a negative result in the C1q‐binding test does not prove that a serum does not contain neutrophil‐binding IC, but the reactivity of an eluate can distinguish between anti‐neutrophil antibodies and bound IC.


This article aims at studying the spatial repartition and the impacts of the errors on a DTM. We show that some errors are recurrent whichever interpolation method is chosen


We show that two novel measures of text sophistication, applied to hedge fund strategy descriptions, encapsulate incremental information about funds. Consistent with the linguistics literature, hedge funds with lexically diverse strategy descriptions outperform, eschew tail risk, and encounter fewer regulatory problems. In line with the literature, hedge funds with syntactically complex strategy descriptions report more regulatory violations and trigger more severe infractions. Fund investors recognize the dichotomy and direct flows accordingly, but not enough to erode away the alphas of lexically diverse funds. Our findings suggest that text sophistication measures provide texture on the cognitive ability and trustworthiness of sophisticated investors. and Diversified Opportunities (the 'Fund') is an opportunistic event-driven hedge fund targeting market neutrality. The Fund focuses on liquidity-providing investments across a broad range of global corporate securities using proprietary quantitative screens and a fundamental research approach. The strategy is designed to capture systematic market as well as idiosyncratic security pricing anomalies related to mergers/acquisitions, credit/distressed events, changes in corporate capital structures and other arbitrage opportunities. Strategic Advantages: Principals Mitchell and Pulvino have applied a disciplined approach to managing arbitrage strategies since 2001. Frequent experience taking activist stance through lawsuits and serving on creditor committees. Historical proprietary databases inform investment thesis: Merger arbitrage database tracking over 15,000 deals since 1962. Convertible arbitrage database tracking over 3,000 issues since 1985. Other proprietary databases of corporate spin-o ↵ s, high yield bonds, dual-class securities. Diversified approach allows fund to migrate toward most attractive disloca-tions and to withstand short-term pricing fluctuations. Market dislocation of 2008 created an historically attractive opportunity set across the Fund's underlying strategies. Investment Style: Quantitative tools are used to synthesize data, evaluate trading strategies, screen investment opportunities. Fundamental research and security selection is used to identify the most promising investments. Activist strategies are used with corporate management, including serving on creditor committees and actively participating in balance sheet restructurings.


Objective To study the heat shock protein 70(HSP70) expression of endometrium in the invasive mole patients received chemotherpay and its' clinical signifcance.Methods The HSP70 expression of endometrium were detected by immune histochemistry method in 34 patients with invasive hydatidiform mole before and after chemotherpay.Clinical outcomes-survival were evaluated.Results The HSP70 of endometrium were overexpressing in patients with invasive hydatidiform mole.The expression of HSP70 was correlated positively with the increasing histological stages(P0.01).But for the long time the survival time of hight HSP70 expression was shorter than the low expression group(P0.01).Conclusion The changes of HSP70 expression of endometrium in the invasive mole patients received chemotherapy are closely related to the prognosis and the curative effect of chemotherapy.


FOCUSSED CLINICAL QUESTION
What is the key clinically controllable preventive measure that may help reduce the incidence of biological complications?

SUMMARY
Implant complications are common, ineffective care and delay in diagnosis can lead to expensive time-consuming surgical and non-surgical interventions. Careful selection and placement of implant allows development of adequate emergence design of the implant suprastructure. This helps achieve effective plaque control, adequate maintenance at hygiene visits, accurate follow up assessments of the peri-implant tissues addressing the key underlying factor impacting biological complications. This clinically controllable preventative measure may be considered a vital strategy in averting peri-implant disease.

CONCLUSION
Surge in biological complications have led to increased patient dissatisfaction in terms of time, cost, esthetics, and maintenance. One of the factors identified in causing biological complications is the iatrogenic prosthesis related factor. Minimizing the impact of this factor is crucial to the overall implant success. Selection and placement of implant following meticulous planning, using careful surgical protocols allows development of adequate suprastructure design that improves overall patient outcomes by reducing biological complications. Further research is essential to comprehensively assess the impact of these strategies in thwarting development of biological complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Poor design of implant suprastructure leads to ineffective plaque control, inadequate maintenance, inaccurate follow up assessments predisposing to peri-implant disease. Selection and placement of implant based on available edentulous space and adjusting the running room can allow for better emergence of the suprastructure thus allowing proper oral hygiene. This clinically controllable preventative measure may be considered a vital strategy in averting peri-implant disease. Over-contoured suprastructure predisposes to peri-implantitis. Adjusting the running room during implant placement allows better emergence and effective plaque control.


Toxicity still a global problem for the environment, agriculture and ultimately human health. The purpose of the study was to examine toxicity effects of Peganum harmala herbal extract on liver and kidney of albino Swiss mice. The herbal alcoholic extract used in different doses (1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg b.w) for 2 weeks. The liver and kidneys dissected out and quickly fixed in 10% formal saline for histologic study. The result indicated that the treated sections of the liver showed congestion of central vein surround the hepatic lobules with sever infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition, the Kidneys showed congestion of blood vessels with enlargement of glomerular tuft and mild-severe infiltrate of chronic inflammatory cells compared to the control. The findings indicated that the administration of Peganum harmala extract has some adverse effects on the liver and kidneys of adult mice. The study showed that alcoholic herbal extract exposure might cause harmful effects to no target organisms, including humans. Finally, further studies may be carried out to examine toxicity effects for other herbal extract to induce the safety dose dependent to histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of exposed mice.


We report the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical studies of four ruthenium(II) complexes of mixed bipyridyl and dithiolate ligands. The complexes formulated as [Ru(L1)(dcbpy)], [Ru(L2)(dcbpy)], [Ru(L3)(dcbpy)] and [Ru(L4)(dcbpy)] where L1 = dipotassium ethoxycarbonyl-1cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate, L2 = dipotassium bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethane-2,2-dithiolate, L3 = dipotassium cyanodithio-imidocarbonate, L4 = dipotassium 2,2-dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate and dcbpy = 4,4-dicarboxylic-2,2-bipyridine. The ligands and complexes were characterized by FTIR, UVVis, PL, NMR spectroscopic techniques, cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The FT-IR spectra studies confirmed the coordination of the ligands to the Ru(II) ion. Electronic absorption indicates that the geometry around the metal ion is 4 coordinate square planar. The ruthenium(II) complexes showed good redox properties from the CV and SWV measurements. All the complexes exhibited strong photoluminescence intensity ratios in the red regions, which indicated good electrochemical abilities.


Recent studies attempting to test evolutionary explanations of biased sex ratios in human populations are here critically reviewed. It is suggested that closer attention to a broad range of ecological and social factors that may affect differential investment in sons and daughters might contribute to better evolutionary understanding of the patterns observed. The geographical focus of the study is worldwide. (EXCERPT)


The following article aims to investigate the influence of Ernest Mandel on Fredric Jameson. The text draws parallels between the concept of late capitalism developed by Mandel and the picture of the post-modernism proposed by Jameson. At first, the article presents the life and work of Jameson and retrieves the debate between Marxism and postmodernism. In a second step, the paper discusses the life and work of Mandel. In a third step, we analyze the similarities and differences between the proposals of the American writer and the Belgian economist.


Calculations are performed in the compled states approximation for rotational transitions of HD–Ne at E=31.5 meV, using the correct phase (CP) choice3,4 and the potential of Buck, et al1(AIP)


Common middleware platforms rely on a class-based object model. However, this model introduces several dependencies that are disadvantageous for distributed systems. The family of class-less delegation-based languages offers an alternative object model with lesser such dependencies. dSelf is an extension to the delegation-and prototype-based object-oriented language SELF. It adds distributed objects and transparent remote reference resolution to the language. In consequence, dSelf facilitates distributed inheritance and instantiation mechanisms. We describe the conception and implementation of dSelf and give examples where the flexibility of dSelf can be used with benefit as a middleware concept for programming distributed systems.


The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between the nature and the economy of the mining industry in the mining region in the context of the imminent depletion of the fuel and energy nonrenewable natural resources, which actualizes the research issue. The subject of the article is the qualitative relationship between nature and economy in the "nature -anthroposociety -economy" system. At the same time, the anthroposociety (man, society) is considered both as the creator of the economy, and as its condition along with nature. Much attention is paid to the world-view foundations of the issue -anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. In the study the issue of the relationship between nature and economy in the mining region is elaborated from the position of the holism methodology, which ensures the scientific novelty of the study. The scientific and practical significance of the study is in the establishment of the parity as a qualitative relationship between nature and economy in the mining region. This parity can be implemented to substantiate the transfer of the regional economic system of the Kemerovo region, an important mining region of Western Siberia, to a new resource-saving, high-tech and environmentally sound model of development.


A key requirement of a low-gravity screen-channel liquid acquisition device (LAD) is the need to retain 100% liquid in the channel in response to propellant outflow and spacecraft maneuvers. The point at which a screen-channel LAD ingests vapor is known as breakdown, and can be measured several different ways such as: visual observation of bubbles in the LAD channel outflow; a sudden change in pressure drop between the propellant tank and LAD sump outlet; or, an indication by wet-dry sensors placed in the LAD channel or outflow stream. Here we describe a new type of sensor for gauging a screen-channel LAD, the Radio Frequency Mass Gauge (RFMG). The RFMG measures the natural electromagnetic modes of the screen-channel LAD, which is very similar to an RF waveguide, to determine the amount of propellant in the channel. By monitoring several of the RF modes, we show that the RFMG acts as a global sensor of the LAD channel propellant fill level, and enables detection of LAD breakdown even in the absence of outflow. This paper presents the theory behind the RFMG-LAD sensor, measurements and simulations of the RF modes of a LAD channel, and RFMG detection of LAD breakdown in a channel using a simulant fluid during inverted outflow and long-term stability tests.


At present, in the ageing process of the rural areas, there is a trend of weakening the provision of family and land for the aged with an administrative regulations lacking of a full rationalization. In addition to this, both the deviation of cognition and the lagging behind of legislation make it grow slowly for the endowment insurance in the country. Therefore, both the improvement and the reform of the endowment insurance system in rural areas need a strengthened legislation, a stabilized policy, an improved management system and rationalized rules of administration.


Abstract Measurements of lattice (D 1) said, sub-grain boundary (Dp) self-diffusion coefficients in the high temperature face-centred cubic phase of adamantane (C10H16) yield expressions for the temperature dependence of the two processes of the form D 1= 1·6 exp (-138·5 kJ mol−1/RT) m2 s−1 D Pδ = 1·7 × 10−13 exp (−49 kJ mol−1/RT) m2 g−1 where δ is the grain-boundary width. The grain-boundary diffusion data are used to test the reliability of the present and previous lattice self-diffusion studies in this possibly highly defective material, and to establish reasonable experimental conditions for studies of the influence of isotope-mass and hydrostatic pressure on lattice self-diffusion. Isotope-mass studies yield a value for the mass factor E ab in the range 0·70–0·80 (±0·08), and the pressure variation, an activation volume of V+ = 1·2 ω (ω is the molar volume). The results are consistent with lattice self-diffusion by a vacancy migration mechanism.


Ligand influence on the excited state structure of small neutral gold clusters (Au2 and Au4) has been investigated using Time Dependent Density Functional Theory. We study in detail the absorption ...


The homoepitaxial growth of InP on a prepared InP(001) substrate, having initially a surface covered by 〈110〉-oriented ridges, can produce planar defects originating from the ridge region. A high-r...


................................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. iv List of tables ....................................................................................................................................... viii List of figures ........................................................................................................................................ ix List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1 – Literature review .............................................................................................................. 1 Section 1: Definition and pathogenesis of fluid overload and edema formation .......................... 1 Section 2: Renal physiology – movement of water and solutes .................................................... 6 Section 3: History of diuretics and their mechanism of action ..................................................... 13 Section 4: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its activation by diuretics ...................... 16 Section 5: Loop diuretic therapy in the horse and other species ................................................. 18 Section 6: Pharmacological advantages of torsemide and study justification ............................. 19 Chapter 2 – Pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered torsemide in healthy adult horses ... 25 Section 1: Materials and methods ................................................................................................. 25 Section 2: Results ............................................................................................................................ 29


Instability is a serious problem for acoustic Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) headsets as a result of large errors in estimating the transfer function of the plant. Typically this occurs when, for example, a wearer adjusts the headset. In this paper, the instability problem of adaptive ANC headset is addressed. To ensure stability of the whole system, we propose a hybrid solution consisting of an analog feedback loop parallel to the digital loop, and the role of the analog loop in stabilizing the headset is analyzed theoretically. Finally the methodology of implementing such a hybrid ANC headset is described in detail. The experiments carried out on the headset prototype show that the headset is robust under considerable fluctuations of the plant transfer characteristics, and has very good noise cancellation performance both for narrow-band and wide-band disturbances.


A research guide for nursing students in NU481. Using CINAHL and other medical databases to locate articles on nursing and health topics


Polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited by pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering in the mixed gas of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen. The deposited films were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, AFM, UV-vis spectroscopy and scratch test. The results show that hydrogen significantly affects the microstructures and properties of AlN films. The preferred orientation of AlN thin film transforms from c-axis to a-axis with the increase of hydrogen content. The mean transmittance and adhesive strength increases obviously when AlN films was deposited at high hydrogen content atmosphere.


The thermal decomposition mechanism and kinetics of two-component addition liquid silicone rubber with different contents of aluminium hydroxide were investigated by the nonisothermal.Thermo-gravimetric(TG) method at different heating rates of 5,15 and 20 K/min in inert atmosphere.The TG data were analyzed by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO) method.The apparent activation energy Ea as a function of conversion α indicated that the thermal stability of the liquid silicone rubber could be enhanced by introducing a certain amount of thermal additives.


Froth image analysis has been considered widely in the identification of operational regimes in flotation circuits, the characterisation of froths in terms of bubble size distributions, froth stability and local froth velocity patterns, or as a basis for the development of inferential online sensors for chemical species in the froth. Relatively few studies have considered flotation froth image analysis in unsupervised process monitoring applications. In this study, it is shown that froth image analysis can be combined with traditional multivariate statistical process monitoring methods for reliable monitoring of industrial platinum metal group flotation plants. This can be accomplished with wellestablished methods of multivariate image analysis, such as the Haralick feature set derived from grey level co-occurrence matrices and local binary patterns that were considered in this investigation.


Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, also called "superbugs", can at worst retrogress modern medicine to an era where even sore throats resulted in death. A solution is the development of novel types of antibiotics from untapped natural sources. Yet, no new class of antibiotic has been developed in clinical medicine in the last 30 years. Here, bacteria from insect-killing Steinernema roundworms found in the soils of Central Kenya were isolated and subjected to specific molecular identification. These were then assayed for production of antibiotic compounds with potential to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The bacteria were identified as Xenorhabdus griffiniae and produced cell free supernatants that inhibited S. aureus. Fermenting the bacteria for 4 days yielded a heat stable anti-staphylococcal class of compounds that at low concentrations also inhibited methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This class contained two major compounds whose identity remains unknown. Thus X. griffinae isolated from Steinernema roundworms in Kenya have antimicrobial potential and may herald novel and newly sourced potential medicines for treatment of the world's most prevalent antibiotic resistant bacteria.


Objective To explore and compare two methods for establishing an animal model of experimental varicocele in rats.Methods Ninety adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups.In 30 rats (classic group,group A),the experimental varicocele model was achieved by dissecting the left renal vein and partial ligating it.In 30 rats (modified group,group B),in addition to the partial ligation of the renal vein,the communicating branch was fully ligated.In 30 rats (sham operation group,group C),the left renal vein was dissected,but not ligated.The operating time was compared among three groups.The diameters of the spermatic veins were analyzed respectively in 4 and 8 weeks later.Results The operating time of a rat was longer in group B than in group A and group C [(22.5 ± 3.4) vs.(9.2 ± 2.3) vs.(7.5 ± 1.2) min,P < 0.05].The diameters of the left spermatic vein were (0.86 ± 0.12) mm and (0.91 ± 0.11)mm respectively in group A after 4 and 8 weeks,which was significantly more broadening than in group C (P < 0.01),and there was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.01).The model achievement ratio at 4th week in group A was lower than in group B (70.59% vs.90.91%,P < 0.05).Conclusion Both methods to establish the varicocele model in rats were feasible.The modified method has more complicated procedures and higher achievement ratio in short term.

Key words:
Varicocele ;  Model, animal;  Rat


In the article, the author touched upon and summarized some of the criminal procedural problems that lawyers face when defending their principals in cases of crimes committed in the field of entrepreneurial activity, as a result of which appropriate conclusions are drawn and ways to solve them are proposed.


The emergency response water purification system is used to purify raw water of different qualities for testing its performance.The result shows that product water turbidity is not influenced by raw water turbidity,and less than 1 NTU; product flow rate keeps relative stabilization,and accords with designed requirement; product water quality accords with requirement for the drinking water quality standard.