Eight locally isolates of Rhizobium sp. obtained from different soils location were characterized and determined of their nodulation efficiency. The obtained results exhibited that all the isolated strains were R. leguminosarium bio viciae and the eight isolates produced the highest mean of nodules per plants which reached (104 nodules) for isolate RL8 . The obtained results after salt tolerance and antibiotic response of the R. leguminosarium strains showed that the isolate No. RL7 was the superior strain for salt tolerance. The following strain for salt tolerance was the isolate (RL2). The high growth rate of the R. leguminosarium strains may be considered as an indicator of salt tolerance. Moreover, the isolated strains (RL3, RL4 and RL7) showed the highest level of antibiotic resistance since they were resistant to five antibiotics. However, high level of polymorphism RAPD technique was observed among the eight R. leguminosarium genotypes. All three primers were successfully generated reproducible polymorphic bands. Regarding the phylogenetic tree and similarity index based on Jacard's coefficient the isolate RL2 was grouped with RL6 in one cluster with 40% similarity. However, isolate RL4 was highly diverged with lower similarity about 10 % with the other rhizobia strains. The growth in the presence of NaCl generally altered the whole-cell protein patterns in SDS-PAGE in Rhizobium strains. Some bands disappeared and new bands appeared in treatment by salt. The similarity matrix between eight R. leguminosarium strains, when use the SDS-PAGE technique, varied from 0.120-0.889. The highest similarity coefficient (0.889) was detected between isolates RL6 and RL7. However, the lowest similarity was computed between strains RL3 and RL5 which presented in two different clusters. SDS-PAGE revealed a powerful characterization of method R. leguminosarium genotypes under study. The variations appeared between strains could reflex their different abilities in nodulation, antibiotic resistance and salt tolerance.


The aim of this research is to model the credit risk, estimating the impact of operational risk and customer features, using the fuzzy version of the LOGIT model. For this purpose, it proposes a Fuzzy Financial Risk Management Model, composed of a Credit score estimated with a Fuzzy LOGIT model and a Fuzzy Triangular Value-at-Risk adjustment. For this purpose, the probability of default of 3,746 commercial loans was predicted. The results show that the proposed methodology recognises the relationship between credit and operational risk better than traditional models. In conclusion, the proposed model provides an assessment of risk and measures it in terms of interest rate basis points. In addition, it provides the expected loss for three degrees of uncertainty. Therefore, the proposed methodology provides a suitable support for the design of credit policies in a financial institution


At a dinner party one should eat wisely but not too well, and talk well but not too wisely. Bearing these words of William Somerset Maugham in mind, I will do my best to neither bore you with technical stuff, nor to spoil your appetite with too wise remarks. But if I may just stay with that quote for a moment: Shakespeare lovers among you may have recognized that it is a paraphrase of a speech by Othello, in which he describes himself as "one that lov'd not wisely but too well". His tragedy is that he allows his reading of reality to be coloured by jealousy (and Iago's deceit), which destroys his trust in his wife's love and fidelity.


In economic and political terms, the South Asian countries were hardest hit by the Gulf crisis because of their dependence on the Middle East for oil and trade as well as the nature of their relations with the Gulf countries. Aside from bigger import bills for oil, the already weak economies of South Asian countries had to face the loss of remittances by nationals working in the Middle East, the cost of repatriating these nationals, and disruptions to export markets. In religious terms, the region is home to more than 340 million Muslims (India alone has more than 100 million), the largest concentration of Muslims anywhere in the world. This article examines the response of India, the largest South Asian state, to the Gulf crisis and other related issues such as India's perceptions of the United Nations' role, the "New World Order," and collective security as reflected in the ongoing foreign policy debate in the country.


Objective To explore the common pathogens,clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric pneumonia in this area so as to provide reference for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs.Methods Analysis was made on the sputum culture results of the 618 cases of pneumonia in children hospitalized from January 2011 to 2012 December.Results There were 167 positive cases,which amounted to 27.02% of the total.Detected pathogenic bacteria totaled over 10 species,of which Escherichia coli was detected 31 cases(18.56%),Haemophilus influenzae 25 cases(14.97%),Klebsiella pneumoniae in 23 cases(13.77%),Staphylococcus epidermidis in 20 cases(11.98%),Staphylococcus aureus in 18 cases(0.78%),Acinetobacter in 11 cases(6.59%) in addition to streptococcus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans,vice Haemophilus influenza in other 39 cases(23.35%).Conclusion Bacterial infection is an important cause of pediatric pneumonia with Escherichia coli,Haemophilus influenzae,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus aureus as the major pathogen,and pathogenic bacteria are different in proportion in different seasons.


To reduce the global burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to develop a safe vaccine. Vaccine development usually takes many years as it goes through several different phases. To hasten COVID-19 vaccine development, it has been suggested that the final stage could be replaced with a human challenge trial (HCT). Volunteers would be intentionally infected with SARS-CoV-2 to see how the vaccine candidate works. To intentionally infect a healthy human being with a potentially deadly virus is contrary to the highest ethical standards in medical research. This article highlights the benefits and risks of COVID-19 HCTs and summarises what research ethics committees (RECs) need to consider during the ethical assessment of such trials including risk reduction, strict containment measures, specific informed consent measures and avoiding high monetary inducements.


The comparative investigation into the mass spectrometric analysis of nine furanoid diterpene glucosides and their aglycones were made by the electron impact (EI), fast atom bombardment (FAB), and field desorption (FD) mass spectrometry (MS).The EI mass spectra provided the diagnostic informations concerning stereoisomerism of the aglycone parts. The FAB mass spectra could reveal the molecular ion peaks of the glucosides by both the positive and the negative ion modes, and the abundant knowledge on the structural features of those compounds could be obtained by the FDMS. Particularly, the ions at m/z 163 which indicated the sugar moieties were easily detected, even if their glucosidic bonds resisted to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis.As a promising aid for obtaining structural information of minute amounts of furanoid diterpene glucosides and their aglycones, the utility of the combined use of the EI and the FDMS was emphasized.


Objectives Musicians require physical conditioning and preparation to perform at their best, and they can develop physical and mental problems as a result of their playing. Health prevention efforts in western countries have been focussing on educating tertiary music students on healthy playing and recognising warning signs for early intervention, in hopes of nurturing healthier professional musicians from an early stage. However, such efforts are not seen in Singapore's music institutions. This study aims to explore the views of music students in Singapore on health and well-being, while identifying factors that could enable or discourage them from adopting healthier behaviours.


The essay analyzes the factors which influence the navigational vessel safety, and proposes some basic manners to ensure the security of the navigation,which is aimed at the particulars of navigate in coral region of Spratly Island.


The aim of the study is to evaluate lamotrigine efficacy on concomitant cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral disorders in girls with epilepsy.
Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 17 girls aged 4–11 (mean age 7.4) with epilepsy, cognitive and/or emotional-volitional and behavioral deficits. The authors examined initial cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral impairments.
To objectify the impairments, the results are expressed as percentage. The coefficient was calculated by summarizing the percentages of a particular function for each girl and then dividing the sum by the total number of subjects. After psychological and pedagogical testing, all girls underwent titrated lamotrigine monotherapy. Three-hour video-EEG monitoring (wakefulness and sleep) was carried out after 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, and control Psychological and pedagogical testing – after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.
Results. Before lamotrigine therapy 7 girls (41.5 %) demonstrated focal seizures, 10 girls (58.5 %) had focal seizures with secondary bilateral synchronization. After 3 months, the number of seizures decreased in 4 girls (25.5 %), and a year later – in 14 girls (82.3 %). The group-wide indicators of perception and psychomotor pathologies were 41 %, aptitude for learning and memory – 43 %, speech – 54 %, reasoning – 41 %, social intelligence – 73 %. The indicators of emotional-volitional disorders by the hyperexcitable type were 36 %, by the inhibited type – 82 %. The indicator of ADHD was 32 %, demonstrative behavior – 91 %, negativism – 73 %, aggression – 79 %.
There was a decrease in the number of seizures and the severity of concomitant complications of epilepsy in patients with lamotrigine therapy. The overall level of negativism and aggression improved, ADHD symptoms decreased in most girls, emotional-volitional control improved significantly. Significant positive changes were noted in speech, reasoning, aptitude for learning and memory. Socialization skills also improved.
Conclusion. Lamotrigine is an effective antiepileptic drug. It has an antiepileptic effect, and is able to correct cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral disorders in patients with epilepsy.


The approaches of literature document,questionnaires,statistics and expert interviews were used to make a random drawing of 1000 students from Art Colleges,starting from their likability degree to study students' motivation of going in for Table Tennis and their satisfactory degree,so as to strengthen their enthusiasm in Table Tennis and put forward some reasonable suggestions.


The paper summarizes the results of surveys conducted in three pre-war public utility buildings: a children's home, a forensic medicine department and a nursing home. The study examined the indoor air quality, airtightness, ventilation efficiency and thermal insulation of building envelope. The buildings were surveyed before, during or after modernization works were undertaken.


Potential safety hazard can't be ignored during the process of binding updates between MN (mobile node) and Correspondent Node in the mobile IPv6 agreement. In this paper, we make analysis of the security in traditional return routability process, and compare several modified schemes. Finally, a certificate-based Mobile IPv6 Binding Update Technology is proposed, and further analysis shows that binding update security is Enhanced as well as reduction of information redundancy.


The present invention relates to a process for the production of aluminum alloy sheet, comprising the steps of: (1) an aluminum alloy ingot to homogenization heat treatment, the aluminum alloy ingot comprising: Mg: 0.2 ~ 1.2 mass%, Si: 0.35 to 1.7 mass%, Mn: 0.01 ~ 1.0 mass%, Cu: 0.001 ~ 1.0% by mass, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the amount of solid solution of Si: 0.45 to 0.80% by mass, the amount of dissolved Mg: 0.2 to 0.60% by mass, and the amount of solid solution of Si / dissolved Mg: 1.1 to 2; (2) cooling, reheating and hot rolling; (3) performing a first straightening; (4) cold-rolling, such that the sheet product decreased by 0.2% to 15% in the thickness direction; (5) a second straightening, to give the finished alloy. Aluminum alloy sheet excellent in room temperature stability of the production process, residual stress, suitable for use as automobile outer panel.


The study investigated the oral literary responses of three fifth-grade girls, ages 10.7, 10.11, and 11.3. Two works of contemporary realistic fiction for juveniles, Constance Greene's Beat the Turtle Drum and Katherine Paterson's Bridge to Terabithia, were read and discussed in individual and group situations. All interviews and discussions were taped and transcribed. The data were studied until categories generated by the responses themselves emerged. This analysis revealed that the primary mode of response was evaluative. Additionally, one group discussion was analyzed using the modified Purves categories. This revealed that the Purves system was not appropriate for the analysis of oral group discussions. Three distinct evaluative behaviors were identified. Differences in perception of an author's role and in focus were also determined. It was concluded that evaluative style, perception of author's role, and focus influenced the ability to assume and maintain a spectator stance. Differences in this ability, present in these data, may be a function of development since the abilities necessary for assuming a spectator stance seem to be characteristic of formal operational thought. The creation of a virtual experience (Langer, 1967) from the possibilities offered by a literary text requires interaction between reader and text. Rosenblatt (1938/1976, 1978) proposed that readers play an integral part in the creation of story. A text is merely words on the page; the reader's infusion of meaning into that text creates the story. This implies that the reader and text interact to shape the story (Iser, 1972, 1978; Rosenblatt, 1938/1976, 1978). This interaction is a complex process influenced by both text and reader as well as by the stance towards the text that the reader assumes. The reader of a literary text must take a "spectator" stance, withholding judgment until the text has been completed and then evaluating in terms of the artistic universe that the author has created (Britton, 1970). The intent of the present study was to examine the responses of three young readers to two literary texts to determine what aspects of the texts and what characteristics of the readers influenced the creation of story and, in turn, the ability to assume and maintain a spec-


Identifying the type of an approaching aircraft, should it be a helicopter, a fighter jet or a passenger plane, is an important task in both military and civilian practices. The task in question is normally done by using radar or RF signals. In this study, we suggest an alternative method that introduces the use of a still image instead of RF or radar data. The image was transformed to a binary black and white image, using a Matlab script which utilizes Image Processing Toolbox commands of Matlab, in order to extract the necessary features. The extracted image data of four different types of aircraft was fed into a three-layered feed forward artificial neural network for classification. Satisfactory results were achieved as the rate of successful classification turned out to be 97% on average.


Abstract : The Best Manufacturing Practices (BMP) Program was established by the Navy in 1985 with the mission to collect, analyze and disseminate information on proven techniques used by the government and industry throughout the acquisition, development and field support process. Typically, this information is obtained via on-site surveys of a company's production lines and through meetings with development and production managers and personnel. The BMP Program has four main products: Best Practices Survey Reports, the Program Manager's Workstation (PMWS), WEB and Virtual Office services, and Systems Engineering work for Program Managers.


Simulation-based optimisation is popularly employed to determine the best system configuration of complex simulation models. However, it is assumed that the input distribution and parameters are known. In this paper, the input distribution parameter is assumed to be unknown and the impact of the same on the optimal system configurations obtained is investigated. Bootstrapping of the sample data is performed to generate multiple parameter estimates, each of which is used to obtain an optimal solution using regression based simulation-optimisation. It is proposed that the convex combination of the multiple optimal solutions got using different regression models gives a better estimate of the `true' optimum. The above approach is illustrated using the classical (s, S) inventory policy.


The kinetic of the electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in alkaline electrolyte hase been investigated. Dielectric strength and resistivity of anodic films depending on modes of anodizing have been determined. It was stated that that the dielectric strength of anodic films obtained in alkaline electrolytes, was not worse than that obtained in acidic electrolytes. The resistivity of these films is lower then the resistivity of films from acidic electrolytes.


A simple approach is described for the on-wafer and in-package electrical and electro-optic characterization of electro-optic components, such as electro-optic modulators, up to 40 GHz. The technique makes use of a two-port electrical measurement on a device obtained by connecting a calibrated high-speed photodetector to the optical output of the DUT. From the measurement of the electrical S/sub 21/ and the detector calibration curve, the electro-optical transmission coefficient is derived. The calibration of the on-wafer test set is carried out through the RSOL technique. The accuracy and repeatability of the proposed method is shown to be comparable with those of commercially available instrumentation, and the frequency bandwidth, once the high-frequency responsivity of the photodetector enables the network vector analyzer (NVA) to operate above its noise floor, is only determined by the NVA bandwidth. Some results and comparisons are presented concerning packaged and on-wafer LiNbO/sub 3/ modulators.


Recent work has shown that very long wavelength neutrons (>6Á) are scattered isotropically by point defects in a way that is accur¿tely known from other measurements. 'rhus an absolute determination of the concentration of defects is available if this scattering can be measured. Although the scattered intensities avail¿ble are very low, it is possible to make ¿ transmission measurement and obtain the same data. Such experiments have been carried out on samples irradiated in the Brookhaven reactor at about 50.C. For an exposure of f.i X 1020 neutrons/cmr qg--ira4!9!-"f ibplc-t-g4 -u!og!-il€Ilp.!ite was fo-und to !9,eQ!-6-3. This value is in exceltent agreement with rhat dó;iv¿d iro''' seit;b rE-e;;yi rñtit""iéi-icif;i;;. being of lesser ac_ curacy because of uncertainties in exposure. The change in neutron transmission arising from reactor irradiation anneals out upon heating the sample at high tempe.atu.es, showing that a true irradiation effect was measured.


Psychiatric reasons for advocating abortion at will derive in part from cumulative clinical experience of confronting the problems of unwanted children, abortion, and contraception. Consideration of the question of the "quality of life" may include consideration of the question of the right to life. According to this doctor, raising moral questions about abortion is not the same as fanaticism or primitiveness.


Perhaps the most outstanding discrepancy between prediction and measurements in current particle physics comes from the solar neutrino problem, in which a large deficit of high-energy solar neutrinos is observed. Many Nonstandard Solar Models have been invoked to try to reduce the predicted flux, but all have run into problems in trying to reproduce other measured parameters (e.g., the luminosity) of the Sun. Other explanations involving new physics such as neutrino decay and neutrino oscillations, etc. have also been proffered. Again, most of these explanations have been ruled out by either laboratory or astrophysical measurements. It appears that perhaps the most likely particle physics solution is that of matter enhanced neutrino oscillation, the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) oscillations. Two new radiochemical gallium experiments, which have a low enough threshold to be sensitive to the dominant flux of low-energy p-p neutrinos, now also report a deficit and also favor a particle physics solution.


Industrial Classification of persons at work and non-workers by sex for scheduled castes, Age and marital status for schedueld castes, Education in urban areas only, rural, Religion, Sample households engaged in cultivation classified by interest in land and size of land cultivated in rural areas only for members of scheduled castes.


We analyse constraints on the elements of the PMNS matrix, the mixing matrix in the lepton sector, from present experimental data on neutrino oscillations as well as on electroweak decays. Without assuming unitarity of the PMNS matrix, neutrino oscillation experiments are only sensitive to half of the matrix elements. The combination with experimental data on electroweak decays allows to determine, or bound, all PMNS matrix elements. We compare our results to previous studies, where unitarity was assumed, and discuss prospects of future experiments for testing unitarity in the lepton sector.


tressingly rare for those who would like to argue forcefully for a comity-based interestbalancing approach. All the areas I have talked about are areas of uniquely federal interest. Each of the international litigation issues involves important federal interests, and there is thus a basis under the Supreme Court's analysis for creating a rule of federal common law. But what is required to create a rule of federal common law is not only a uniquely federal area, but a conflict between state law and federal law as well. The difficulty in determining which areas of the various doctrines we have been looking at should be federalized is in weighing how important it is for our foreign relations or foreign commerce that a particular issue be governed in a particular way by federal law. This often implicates concerns about uniformity, and in general it is difficult to argue forcefully for the need for a uniform rule in our international commerce. We are a country where most substantive issues are governed by state law. Foreign parties when dealing with the United States must realize that their activities will be governed by a wide range of U.S. laws.


A late September hearing saw patients and advocates telling the government that people are dying due to lack of access to intravenous immune globulin therapy (IVIG). It also recorded allegations about suspected artificial shortages, federal foot-dragging, and supplies directed to less-deserving patients. The "town hall" meeting, held recently in Arlington, Va., took five-minute statements from about three dozen witnesses as part of an independent study the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) contracted for. Patients have been unable to get IVIG, get it in the best setting, or get the brand that works for them.


Abstract: Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi is a native species widely distributed in Brazil. It has ornamental features, edible fruits, and its leaves have medicinal properties; however, its potential has not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate seed physiological performance due to dormancy, desiccation and storage tolerance. Only decoated seeds germinated. Seeds had an initial water content of 1.07 g H2O.g-1 dw and final germination of 95%. Both desiccation to 0.67 g H2O.g-1 dw and storage at 25 ºC for ninety days resulted in decreased germination, 43 and 41%, respectively. Desiccation below 0.25 g H2O.g-1 dw and storage for ninety days at 5 ºC were lethal. A rapid decrease in enzymic protection by superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase was correlated to desiccation sensitivity. Total polyamines content was higher in fresh seeds and markedly decreased with desiccation. The decrease in enzyme activity and polyamines content seems to be associated with seed viability loss. In sum, G. gardneriana seeds have a low tolerance to desiccation and are sensitive to chilling. Therefore, the seeds can be categorized as recalcitrant and dormant, a rare combination in terms of seed biology.


Key Points Question What are patients' perspectives about home time after surgery, and is home time associated with quality of life, function, and decisional regret after surgery? Findings In this mixed-methods study including a survey of 152 US veterans and 12 qualitative interviews, increased home time in the first year after major surgery was associated with improved daily function and physical quality of life. Patients considered home as the preferred place for postoperative recovery, and qualitative interviews suggested the importance of home time in mental and emotional recovery from surgery. Meaning The findings suggest that home time is a potentially useful patient-oriented surgical quality outcome measure.


We have been discussing the design principle for the implementation of GTTM and presented the semiautomatic generation techniques of grouping structure, metrical structure, and time-span tree, and the searching method for the optimal parameter value assignments. In ISMIR2007, we organize a tutorial session on the techniques for implementing music theory GTTM for summarizing our work and report it to relevant participants of the conference. Since the time of the tutorial session is not enough, we demonstrate a working automatic timespan tree analyzer ATTA in a demo session. ATTA is an integration of our work done so far; by looking at the ATTA demonstration or using ATTA, people will be able to understand the techniques for implementing GTTM as well as GTTM itself in more detail.


We prove a Jebsen-Birkhoff like theorem for f(R) theories of gravity in order to to find the necessary conditions required for the existence of the Schwarzschild solution in these theories and demonstrate that the rigidity of such solutions of f(R) gravity is valid even in the perturbed scenario.


particular struggles, revelations, and theological conclusions have remarkable resonance today. As third wave feminism continues to expand the umbrella of feminism to a variety of ideologies and identities, the place of conservative values remains in question. In this way, though Bushnell's particular journey and struggles can only be understood within the particular historical context that Du Mez so adeptly reveals, she also touched on longstanding and as-of-yet unsettled questions that go to the heart of feminism and Christianity itself.


Under the guidance of constructivism theory,multivariate function theory and systematic thoughts,the thesis designs the evaluation standards and methods on the ability of "learning by doing" of vocational college students,and inspects it by some representative majors.


We measured nuclear fragments emitted at 3.5° in 12C fragmentation at 0.6 GeV/nucleon. We also used the spectra obtained to test the predictions of four ion-ion interaction models: INCL++, BC, LAQGSM03.03 and QMD as well as for the comparison with the analytical parametrization in the framework of thermodynamical picture of fragmentation.


Packed beds reactors are used in industry for many reactions that require a solid particle, often a catalyst, reacting with fluid. These reactions can be endothermic, with heat supplied in the column jacket, or exothermic, with a cooling fluid in the column jacket. In order for these columns to operate safely it is necessary to understand the heat transfer parameters within the bed and between the bed and column wall. At the column wall, wall effects can have a large impact on the heat transfer especially for columns that have a low column to particle diameter ratio (N). At values of N below 8, the wall effects account for a large percentage of the bed. These effects are difficult to model, so typically experiments are used to find the heat transfer parameters for a given set of conditions, with several scale up stages required. Disadvantages of experimental results are that detailed flow patterns within the bed cannot be captured, and it can be difficult to obtain temperature readings at every point in the bed. This presents an opportunity to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to supplement experimental data with theoretical results. CFD uses the conservation of mass, momentum and energy to solve for heat, mass and flow across the physics of interest. In order for CFD to be used confidently, these models must be validated against expected literature correlations as well as experimental data. This research is built upon previous findings for comparisons of heating and cooling experiments (N=8) conducted at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (DiNino et. al, 2013). This study was one of the first that compared heating and cooling data collected under the same conditions. The goal of the study was to see if the heat transfer parameters between heating and cooling were the same. It was found that heating and cooling were comparable for the effective thermal conductivity, which is a measure of how much heat is transferred throughout the bed. However, for the wall Nusselt number, a measure of the heat transfer at the column wall, heating was found to be higher. In this research, experimental data for heating and cooling (N=5.33) was collected and compared to theoretical CFD results. For the experiments, it was found that the effective thermal conductivity was comparable for heating and cooling, and the wall Nusselt number for heating was higher. These results were used to validate the CFD model, after appropriate corrections to the model set up were made. For the CFD results, it was found that both the wall Nusselt number and effective thermal conductivity were comparable for heating and cooling. The wall Nusselt number was slightly higher for cooling, however this difference decreased as the Reynolds number increased. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I would like to sincerely thank my advisor Prof. Anthony Dixon for his support and guidance in both my undergraduate and graduate career. Without his help I would not have been able to complete my Masters under the 5 year program. I appreciate the time he put into helping me interpret my data as well as providing someone to bounce ideas off of and brainstorm possible solutions. I would also like to thank the Chemical Engineering department as a whole for the caring and welcoming atmosphere provided by every member. I would like to especially thank Prof. David DiBiasio for providing my funding and being a wonderful Department Head. Also, Felicia and Tiffany for being extremely helpful administrative assistants, and also for providing moral support. Finally I would like to thank Prof. Steve Kmiotek for providing advice both professionally and personally, as well as always having an open door when I needed someone to talk to. Within my research group I would like to acknowledge Nick Medeiros for moral support during late nights in the lab, as well as always being there to troubleshoot CFD problems and talk me through difficult concepts. Also, Behnam Partopour for being a helpful and kind lab mate. Outside of the academic setting, my friends and family provided the support and encouragement I needed to finish my graduate degree. A large thanks to Lindsay, Paige, Kaitlyn, Ryan, Ron, and Eric for providing a source of humor when I needed a laugh, and also to Cody and Sterling for being welcome homework partners. Additionally I would like to thank Dave for always reminding me to be confident and that hard work pays off. Last and not least I need to thank my family for always believing in and supporting me. I would like to thank my sister and Aunt Sharon for their random messages of encouragement. Finally I would like to especially thank my wonderful parents for their endless love and support. Without their help I never would have made it this far. CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER


This essay introduces the mutual blending of natural science and the spirit of humanities into practical teaching.To study and educate from the aspects of historical national and cultural,to mix the botany well together with humanity,folklore,religion,geography literature and linguistics and combine the scientific spirit organically with the spirit of humanities.


Feeding habits of larval pike, Esox lucius L., was studied at three stocking densities in illuminated cages. Developmental patterns of larval feeding on Zooplankton were independent of larval density. During the first week of rearing, larvae fed mainly on rotifers, small cladocerans, nauplii and copepodites of Cyclopidae. After second week they selected small cladocerans (Bosmina spp.), and adult copepods (Cyclops and Mesocyclops spp.). Higher stocking densities resulted in lower survival and growth rates. This was presumably due to increased competition for food, as the composition of the diet was independent of stocking density.


In previous chapters we have seen why SDN is necessary and what preceded the actual advent of SDN in the research and industrial communities. In this chapter we provide an overview of how SDN actually works, including discussion of the basic components of a Software Defined Networking system, their roles, and how they interact with one another. In the first part of this chapter we focus on the methods used by Open SDN. We also examine how some alternate forms of SDN work. As SDN has gained momentum, some networking vendors have responded with alternate definitions of SDN, which better align with their own product offerings. Some of these methods of implementing SDN-like solutions are new (but some are not) and are innovative in their approach. We group the most important of these alternate SDN implementations in two categories: SDN via existing APIs and SDN via hypervisor-based overlay networks, which we discuss separately in the latter half of this chapter.


In this study,the solid acid catalyst WO_3/ZrO_2 was synthesized by the coprecipitation meth- od.The effects of WO_3 loading and calcination temperature on the crystalline phase and specific surface area of catalysts were investigated.The catalytic performance of WO_3/ZrO_2 for transesterification of sunflower seed oil and methanol was studied.When the WO_3 loading was 0.1 g WO_3/g ZrO_2,Via roasting at 700~800℃,the WO_3 dispersion on ZrO_2 became monolayer,most of ZrO_2 presented in tet- ragonal crystalline phase.The formation of the tetragonal ZrO_2 crystalline phase,as well as the WO_3 dispersivity on ZrO_2,was dependent on the WO_3 loading and calcination temperature.The convertion of oil reached over 60% under the conditions of 150℃,methanol/oil mole ratio of 12:1,reaction time 8 h and catalyst dosage(catalyst/oil)of 3%.


The preliminary injunction blocking Ohio's ban on late-term and dilation and extraction (sometimes called "partial birth") abortions was made permanent on 12 January 1995, when U.S. District Judge Walter Rice ruled that no part of the statute may be enforced. Rice cited constitutional grounds for his decision, noting that states may not eliminate a woman's right to have a post-viability abortion when it is necessary to preserve her health or her life. (Women's Medical Professional Corp. v. Voinovich, DC SOhio, Case No. C-3-95-414, 12 January 1996)


Recently Beh and Farver investigated and evaluated three non‐iterative procedures for estimating the linear‐by‐linear parameter of an ordinal log‐linear model. The study demonstrated that these non‐iterative techniques provide estimates that are, for most types of contingency tables, statistically indistinguishable from estimates from Newton's unidimensional algorithm. Here we show how two of these techniques are related using the Box–Cox transformation. We also show that by using this transformation, accurate non‐iterative estimates are achievable even when a contingency table contains sampling zeros.


Introduction: Cell delivery in treatment of bone defects has been introduced to promote tissue healing in the recent years. However, no general consensus has been reached regarding the outcome of regenerative medicine for this purpose. The aim of this study was to review our 10 years of experience in application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in craniofacial bone defects. Applied Methodology: Iliac bone marrow, dental pulp and buccal fat pad were selected to harvest MSCs. Flow cytometric analysis, RT-PCR and differentiation staining including Alizarin red, Oil Red O and Toluidine blue were used to identify MSCs. Four groups of bone substitutes were used for cell delivery: synthetic scaffold [beta-tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP) and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP)], xenograft [natural bovine bone mineral (NBBM)], allograft [freeze-dried bone (FDBA), demineralized freeze dried bone] and composite [polycaprolactone/TCP (PCL-TCP), demineralized freeze-dried bone/calcium sulfate]. Rat and rabbit calvaria, dog mandible, rabbit tibia sinus and alveolar cleft defects in human were used as the study models. Histomorphometric and radiomorphological analysis were used to determine new bone formation. Outcomes: Cell-treated groups showed greater new bone formation than cell-free group in all studies. Synthetic scaffolds showed better cell attachment according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. In rat calvarial model, B-TCP loaded with MSCs showed better results than scaffolds carrying platelet rich plasma (PRP). NBBM showed less promising results both in dog mandible and ectopic bone formation in the masseter muscle. FDBA block fixed over a supracrestal defect in dog mandible showed 50% less new bone formation when compared with PCL-TCP as a carrier. Conclusion: More convergence studies with similar protocols of cell cultivation, culture, seeding and delivery should be done in the field of regenerative medicine for better generalizability of results for clinical setting. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells; Bone regeneration; Tissue engineering; Craniofacial bone


Existing models of interactive game-theoretic decision making typically assume that only the attributes of the game need be considered when reaching a decision, i.e., these theories assume that the utility of a strategy is determined by the utility of the outcomes of the game, and transforms of the probabilities of each outcome. The strategic decisions are assumed to be based on these utilities. The two experiments presented here provide strong evidence against these assumptions. We investigated choice and predictions about the choices of other players in Prisoners Dilemma game. The cooperativeness of the games in each condition was varied and the results demonstrate that the average cooperation rate and the predicted cooperation of the other player in each game strongly depended on the cooperativeness of the preceding games, which suggests that games are not considered independently. It is proposed that people have poor notions of absolute cooperativeness, risk, and utility, and instead make their judgments and decisions in relative terms. The proposed accounts for these results are based on existing psychophysical and cognitive theories of perception and judgment of magnitude information.


(IECD) programme applies a holistic crosssectoral approach which aims to bring about optimum early childhood development, and thus reduce the widening disparities in maternal and child health indicators between ethnic minorities and the Kinh majority. Nurturing care, encompassing good health, nutrition, responsive caregiving, opportunities for early stimulation and learning, as well as safety and protection, is essential for setting young children on a path towards lifelong health and well-being. Viet Nam has joined governments around the world in developing and implementing policies, programmes and services in support of nurturing care to ensure that caregivers have the tools and information they need.


This study analyzes the energetics and stability of the tautomers of modified emissive RNA nucleobases synthesized by Shin et al. [1], which is useful for biological imaging. Optimized geometries and relative stabilities are computed for the stable compounds and their tautomers in gas phase and water using density functional theory B3LYP/6-31++G(2df, 2p). We also present the thermodynamics properties for each tautomer structures. The theoretical results show that there are tautomeric forms of modified RNA bases that should be present in water. These tautomers cause unexpected peaks in the experimental spectra of the modified RNA bases [2].


Since the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, a large number of studies have been conducted indicating that coronavirus infection not only affects the lungs but also has a significant and prolonged negative impact on other organs and systems. For example, an association between coronavirus infection and myocarditis has been proven. Cardiac manifestations can vary and include myocarditis, life-threatening arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, systolic heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is also capable of directly damaging the pancreas, which can worsen the course of diabetes and even trigger the onset of autoimmune diabetes in individuals who were previously not diabetic. Diabetes, one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, is strongly associated with a poor prognosis in the case of COVID-19.


In the thesis we view Web Intelligence (WI) from a distributed resource optimization perspective. Specifically, we propose a generalized distributed resource optimization problem for WI, which concerns how to distribute service requests to different resource nodes such that their service request load is approximately balanced. Accordingly; they are utilized in an approximately optimal way. We then provide an Autonomy Oriented Computing (AOC) based approach for the proposed problem. AOC is a multi-entity based methodology for addressing complex systems modeling and computationally hard problem solving. Its essence lies in the idea of self-organization of autonomous entities through interactions. Due to this reason, it is quite suitable to those large-scale, highly distributed problems. In the provided approach, autonomous agents are employed to carry service requests submitted to a resource environment in order to find appropriate resource nodes for them. They indirectly interact with each other via the resource environment (e.g., the joining or leaving of an agent at a resource node influences the decision making of other agents on whether or not joining or leaving this resource node). Through this interaction mechanism, agents may self-organize themselves and distribute service requests to resource nodes to achieve load balancing and resource optimization.
Usually, Web-based resource environments can be classified into two types, namely, homogeneous environments and heterogeneous environments. By fully considering the distinct features of these two types of resource environment, we refine the above proposed AOC-based resource optimization mechanism into two specific ones. For the mechanism suitable to homogeneous environments, we propose mathematical models to macroscopically characterize the process of resource optimization. Through numerical simulations of the models and experiments on a computing platform, called SSADRO; we validate the proposed mechanism. For the one suitable to heterogeneous environments; through experimentation also on the SSADRO computing platform we validate its properties, such as, effectiveness and robustness.
In general, this thesis tries to integrate Web Intelligence (WI) and Autonomy Oriented Computing (AOC): (1) It introduces Autonomy Oriented Computing (AOC) as a general methodology to Web Intelligence (WI) for addressing the issue of distributed Web resource optimization; (2) Through the distributed Web resource optimization problem, it re-validates the effectiveness of AOC in solving real-world, large-scale, highly distributed problems. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


Pediatric septoplasty has been one of the most controversial topics discussed among ENT and plastic surgeons. The aim of the study is to evaluate the outcome of septoplasty several years after performing it during the pediatric age, and if it contributes subsequently to the recurrent deformation of the nasal septum or the external nasal structure. The study also touches on the notion of whether adenoidectomy and/or inferior turbinate reduction without correcting the deviated nasal septum are enough to restore nasal breathing. The study included 56 children aged 5-15 years. 33 were male and 23 were female. All the participating patients were diagnosed with deviated nasal septum, but were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical techniques performed. The first group included 24 patients and their difficult nasal breathing was conditioned by deviated nasal septum, adenoid tissue hypertrophy with 5 of the children also having inferior turbinate hypertrophy. However, they all underwent adenoidectomy and inferior turbinate radiofrequency reduction only. The second group included 32 patients with difficult nasal breathing caused by deviated nasal septum, adenoid tissue hypertrophy with 11 children also having inferior turbinate hypertrophy. All the patients in this group underwent septoplasty, adenoidectomy and where indicated, inferior turbinate radiofrequency reduction. All the 24 patients included in the first group exhibited improvement in nasal breathing index from 231,6 ± 9,26 cm3 up to 427,0±5,6 cm3 (P<0,05). As for the snoring loudness scale, there was improvement from 2,6±0,1 to 1,3±0,1 (P<0,05), but without complete disappearance. Patients included in the second group which totalled 32 in number saw improvement in nasal breathing index from 228,5±7,29 cm3 to 592,9±5,29 cm3 P<0,05) while snoring loudness scale improved from 2,47±0,09 to 0,09±0,05 (P<0,05). Our study results have shown us that for pediatric patients diagnosed with deviated nasal septum, it is advisable to perform septoplasty while preserving the corresponding anatomical growth zones, as it provides the patient adequate nasal breathing and prevents potential deformation of facial bone structure in the future.Thus, we can conclude that any cause of difficult nasal breathing in the pediatric age must be alleviated, be it conservatively or surgically, to avoid future complications.


A study to assess the improvement in farmers' livelihood status due to agricultural programs "Krishi Charcha" and GV Online (Live-phone-in) broadcasted on Radio FM Gyanvani channel, Kanpur (Governed by IGNOU and fmanced by Ministry of Humen Resource Development) was conducted in the year 2010-11. For the purpose of study, several contacts were made with the farmers' of remote villages to know that what type of knowledge and help they gain in their agricultural practices and what changes in their livelihood was observed through the programs broadcasted on "Gyanvani" channel. It is found that the farmers which listened radio broadcast become aware with recent agriculture technologies and they were adopted new agricultural practices in their farming, i.e., sowing time, crop varieties, knowhow about the management of diseases and pests and storage technologies etc.


By using a wheat germ agglutinin-ovomucoid gold complex as a specific probe for localizing chitin distribution in cells of the rose powdery mildew fungus, Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae, and a reported antagonist fungus, Sporothrix flocculosa, we revealed a difference in cell wall composition of the two fungi as judged by the intensity of the labeling and the cytoplasm compactness. The same probe was used for indirectly determining whether or not chitinolytic activity was involved in the antagonistic action of S. flocculosa against S. p. rosae (...)


Zirconium isotopes have the potential to trace both magmatic differentiation and crustal evolution, as well as deep Earth processes. We report the Zr isotopic composition of 31 komatiites from different global localities, spanning ages between 2.41 - 3.55 Ga, and 38 sedimentary samples/composites of the upper continental crust (UCC), including 12 Holocene loess from China, three oceanic sediments from the sea floor outboard of the Lesser Antilles island arc and 23 glacial diamictite composites with depositional ages ranging from ~ 2.9 Ga to 0.3 Ga. We use these samples to estimate the zirconium isotopic composition of the mantle and UCC through time. The average δ 94/90 Zr IPGP-Zr (per mille deviation of 94 Zr/ 90 Zr from IPGP-Zr standard) value for the komatiites is 0.030 ± 0.049 (2SD) ‰ and is similar to that of the associated basaltic rocks (0.048 ± 0.032 ‰, 2SD). By combining the isotopic compositions of komatiites and basalts of all


The concentration of 3-(3'-isocyanocyclopent-2'-enylidene)propionic acid after introduction into the ovine rumen declined by 50% during 30 min. Its antibacterial activity in the rumen could be demonstrated by the decline in numbers of cellulolytic rumen bacteria from about 10(6)/ml to about 10(2)/ml.


Travelling from one place to other in the most convenient and time saving manner requires appropriate selection of route, as well as medium of transport. It is not easy to study all the factors that identify the best route between any two places like distance, availability of different modes of travel, time, comfort, etc. Also, there can be multiple connectivity of routes between any two places which are generally not shown if you consider any railway or airline booking search. Furthermore, even if the connecting routes are known, arriving at the best route taking into account all the factors can be tedious. This paper aims at developing an expert system incorporating all the factors and constraints as knowledgebase with specific purpose of getting the best routes as output.


From the sequential observation of a multidimensional continuous time Gaussian process, whose mean vector depends linearly of a multidimensional parameter, we consider the confidential estimation of the parameter value and the testing problem of a simple hypothesis about the parameter, in presence of a nuisance variance parameter. The method is based on a previously obtained [cf. 4] point estimate for the case of a known covariance structure. We first see that this estimate is, in fact, independent of the variance parameter. For the hypotheses testing problem, the invariance under certain groups of transformations and the partial sufficiency allows to construct optimal terminal tests. Furthermore we determine the observation time necessary to control its power function. These testing results may be translated in terms of most accurate confidence sets. If the observation is stopped according to the diameter of the confidence set, under some condition, the confidence level is preserved.


Herein we disclose methods that greatly improve the solution- and gas-phase handling properties of larger aqueous-phase gold–thiolate clusters, which previously presented extreme technical obstacles to molecular analysis and size control, even as they have enjoyed ever-wider applications in materials science and biomedicine. The methods are based upon an analogy between the polyacidic surface structure of the pMBA-protected clusters (pMBA = p-mercaptobenzoic acid) and that of oligonucleotides. A volatile ion-pairing reagent, TEA = triethylamine, greatly improves solution-phase stability near neutral pH and thus facilitates both electrospray generation of the gas-phase ions and the in-line reversed-phase ion-pairing HPLC-ESI-MS approach to analyzing complex mixtures of Au-pMBA oligomers and clusters. Previously anticipated but never established compounds, including Au36(pMBA)24, are thereby demonstrated. These results are in accord with recent theoretical simulations of ion pairing of model Au144(pMBA)60 c...


It is presented New numerical method in which is employed time approach method formulti--species diffusion equation and transformed the density adjustment into pressure adjustment by linking up the status equation and continuity equation together for calculatingabsolute pressure field. Using this method we have successfully c3lculated flow fields in uniform temperature and large differential temperature, and even flow field containing reactiono f multi-species. It is different numerical method than commonly SIMPLE series methods.


Three forest soils from areas exposed to acid precipitation were incubated for 21 days in the light to enhance the development of indigenous algae. The rates of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in the light and dark were significantly less if the soils were treated with simulated rain at pH 3.5 than at pH 5.6. The inhibition increased with increasing amounts of simulated rain at pH 3.5. The fixation of CO/sub 2/ in the light was significantly less in the three soils following their exposure to simulated precipitation at pH 3.5 than to the same solutions at pH 5.6, and the extent of suppression rose with increasing amounts of synthetic rain. It is suggested that algae in terrestrial ecosystems may be especially susceptible to acid precipitation.


Readers may be interested in a recent application of oral history in the 'Working with the aged' course, based at the WA College of Advanced Education. This course prepares 'hands-on' workers for the aged services. In the unit 'Education development for the aged', students explore cognition and learning in the later years, so as to be able to design and implement appropriate educational and leisure programs for older adults. Of course, given its subject matter, the unit includes concern with the phenomenon of 'life review', as popularised by Butler back in 1963. In Semester 2 of the 1987 academic year, students used oral history techniques as a practical way of exploring this gerontological theory.


- This paper analyses the relationship between taxation and accounting data management in the Cameroonian context, based on a sample of 1474 firms in the period 2014-2017. This link is estimated using a simultaneous equation model which allows us to highlight the reciprocal influence between the two variables. The results show that fiscal pressure has a positive two-way effect on discretionary accruals, although this relationship is negative in large companies. The findings also show a non-linear relationship between discretionary accruals and effective tax rate. It is concave in small and medium-size enterprises. That is, at low levels of effective tax rate, the relationship is positive; it becomes negative at higher levels. Conversely, it assumes a U-shape form in large companies; meaning that, at low levels of effective tax rate the relationship is negative, becoming positive at higher levels. Abstract- This paper analyses the relationship between taxation and accounting data management in the Cameroonian context, based on a sample of 1474 firms in the period 2014-2017. This link is estimated using a simultaneous equation model which allows us to highlight the reciprocal influence between the two variables. The results show that fiscal pressure has a positive two-way effect on discretionary accruals, although this relationship is negative in large companies. The findings also show a non-linear relationship between discretionary accruals and effective tax rate. It is concave in small and medium-size enterprises. That is, at low levels of effective tax rate, the relationship is positive; it becomes negative at higher levels. Conversely,it assumes a U-shape form in large companies; meaning that, at low levels of effective tax rate the relationship is negative, becoming positive at higher levels.


Two groups of five heparin coated (American Bentley AF 1040C) and non-coated (Gish Biomedical, Inc. AFS 40) ECC arterial line filters were compared In Vitro for pressure drop, debubbling time, air separating ability and clinically for blood handling ability.
After CO2 flush and following Directions for Use, the debubbling time for the AF 1040C was 178 ± 11 sec. (1 S.D.) and 183 ± 29 sec. for the AFS 40. The preparation times were not significantly different and were confirmed by doppler. The AFS 40 exhibited a resistance to blood flow approximately 68% of the AF 1040C resistance. In the 11-40 micron range, the AFS 40 performed as a significantly better bubble trap during crystalloid recirculation after debubbling. With blood prime, the AFS 40 appeared to be a better bubble trap. However, both filters pass equal numbers of 80 micron bubbles when challenged with a 200 ml·min−1 stream of air at 5·L·min−1 blood flow. Platelet loss, hemolysis index, and white cell counts showed no significant difference in the clinical comparison.
Other studies have suggested that heparin coating facilitates filter preparation and have demonstrated clinical equivalency with non-coated filters. The AFS 40 and the AF 1040C appear to be clinically equivalent. The AFS 40 is a better bubble trap under normal ECC blood flow conditions.


The genito-urinary tract is seldom alone the site of tuberculosis, and primary genito-urinary tuberculosis probably never occurs. The frequency with which pulmonary tuberculosis, active, quiescent or healed, is found in careful routine postmortem examinations for tuberculous lesions indicates that a high percentage of adults have or have had pulmonary tuberculosis. It is generally accepted that tuberculosis of any part of the genito-urinary tract is hemotogenous in origin. The high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in necropsy records would seem to indicate that the lungs act as the primary focus for the secondary dissemination through the blood stream. It is well known that in cases of active progressive pulmonary tuberculosis the disease is usually not confined to the lungs. Besides other parts of the body, the genito-urinary tract may be affected. In 500 necropsies on tuberculous subjects, Krzywicki1found 5 per cent. with involvement of the genito-urinary tract. Fowler and Godler


A country progresses only when its citizens progress. Entrepreneurship is the tool to pave inevitable to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation. The terms innovation and entrepreneurship are used interchangeably though not with the same background. There may be an obvious robust dating among both areas, however, slightly articulated. Furthermore, to this point there may be few consensuses among researchers regarding progressive and entrepreneurial sports in popular, mainly in terms of particular definitions. Hence, this paper gives an outline of applicable literature in both regions. On this context, relevant terms and definitions and current fashions linking innovation and entrepreneurship are mentioned and presented. It's far functional to become aware of the hyperlink and know-how among entrepreneurship and innovation. Those are the keys to domestic improvement and productivity which ought to be realized. Entrepreneurship (new Firms & growing corporations) and innovation (patents, R&D and excessive-tech industries) assist in creating a surrounding where growth can healthily exist. The connection between entrepreneurship and Innovation incorporates independent and corporate efforts in assembling and deploying Sources in capturing the value in progressive thoughts. Those progressive ideas may be a gift for new products, services, and techniques. The nearer the relationship, it shows the more potent Indication of integration among the two toward the prosperity of the place. Those investing heavily in innovation have found that the entrepreneurship because of the number one mechanism for the fusion of innovation into the doable area. Consequently, it becomes paramount to foster the growth of kingdom that innovation and entrepreneurship be advocated in a commonplace platform.


We recall the classification of closed smooth simply-connected 5manifolds begun by Smale in 1962 and completed by Barden in 1965. We also give a construction of every such manifold which differs from Barden's original construction.


The cytogenesis of BK virus-transformed hamster brain cells (HBBK cells) was studied. HBBK cells with indistinct processes showed a tendency to epithelial arrangement as well as characteristics of malignant or immature tumor cells in vitro. They developed long, delicate processes forming tree-like networks and were transformed into mature glia-like cells by the addition of c-AMP into the culture medium. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining in the cytoplasm of almost all HBBK cells. The tumors arising in hamsters after subcutaneous inoculation of HBBK cells resembled human immature neuroectodermal tumors such as medulloblastoma, ependymoblastoma or glioblastoma, and were classified as poorly differentiated gliomas from their cytomorphological characteristics. This study suggested a selective transformation of glial cells in hamster brain cell cultures by BK virus or an affinity of BK virus for glial cells.


The X-38 Vehicle 201 (V-201) is a space flight prototype lifting body vehicle that was designed to launch to orbit in the Space Shuttle orbiter payload bay. Although the project was cancelled in May 2003, many of the systems were nearly complete. This paper will describe the fin folding actuation mechanism flight subsystems and development units as well as lessons learned in the design, assembly, development testing, and qualification testing. The two vertical tail fins must be stowed (folded inboard) to allow the orbiter payload bay doors to close. The fin folding actuation mechanism is a remotely or extravehicular activity (EVA) actuated single fault tolerant system consisting of seven subsystems capable of repeatedly deploying or stowing the fins.


THE alpha2-globulin fraction of human serum proteins, which Polonovski and Jayle1 named haptoglobin, has been demonstrated to have the ability to bind extracorpuscular hemoglobin in vivo with the formation of a molecule that is too large (molecular weight, 310,000)2 to pass readily through the renal glomeruli. Thereby haptoglobin plays a major part in determining the fate of plasma hemoglobin reaching the kidney, in that the plasma hemoglobin level must exceed the serum haptoglobin concentration before hemoglobin will be excreted.3 , 4 Although the hemoglobin-binding ability of haptoglobin has been established, the functional significance of this ability has not been defined. . . .


In 1990, the same year Iris Marion Young published Justice and the Politics of Difference, she also published a volume of essays called Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory. The title essay in this volume, along with several others in the same volume, explores a range of women's embodied and sentient experiences, using a style of phenomenology explicitly indebted to the work of Simone de Beauvoir and Maurice Merleau-Ponty.


We give a combinatorial interpretation of the Chebyshev polynomials in terms of the number of ideals of generalized fences and crowns.


A series of computer programs has been developed to assist in the optimal design of pipe distribution networks. These programs are capable of handling nonstandard network components such as booster pumps, minor-loss devices, reservoirs, check valves, and pressure-reducing valves. All three stages of network problem, namely analysis, design, and optimization, can be solved using the same solution procedure. A known technique for layout design has been adapted to help in the selection of redundant links.The problem is formulated as a nonlinear program using as design variables the diameter, discharge, and shutoff head (where appropriate) for each link. Pump lift is assumed to be described by a parabolic Q–hp curve, the coefficients of which may be defined by the user. A powerful, large-scale, nonlinear, sparse-oriented package (MINOS) is used to solve the problem. The continuous solution obtained by MINOS is modified by a discretization procedure to arrive at the optimal discrete solution. The constraint ma...


On the base of analyzing a modern examining expert dictionary of science and technology periodical, the shortages and advantages of the present expert bases are discussed. With the successful experiences of author's establishing base, it is very important to strengthen expert information, establish suitable model of information expressing and enforce passive and initiative modifying of expert information base, which is the basic guarountee of establishing high level, high quality and complete expert information base.


A UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene from Acetebacter aytinum BRC5 has bee" cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coti. The gene consists of 867 nucleotides and encodes a po}ypeptide of 289 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 31,493 Da. The amimo acid sequences of the enzyme showed an 85.8% identity to those of an enzyme from A. xilinum ATCC 23768. A polyhistidineUGPase fusion enzyme was expressed and purified from the transformed E. coli. The enzyme showed a 35,620-Da single protein band on SDSIPAGE and an about 160,OOO-Da protein band on 8-16% pore-gradient polyacrylamide gel, indicating the enzyme may be a tetramer or pentamer composed of four or five identical subunits. Kinetic analysis of the enzyme showed a typical Michaelis-Menten substrate saturation pattern, from which j{. and Vin,. were calculated to be 3.22 mM and 175.4"mol・min-i・mg-i for UDP-glucose and O.24 mM a"d 69.4pamol・min7i・mgNi for PPi, respectiyety, required Mg2' for maximal activity, and was inhibited by free pyrophosphate. Computer-aided comparison of the Aeetobacter enzyme sequence with


The American Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2017, approximately 40,000 women will die from breast cancer. The vast majority of these breast cancer cases (80-85%) are sporadic in nature, developing spontaneously within the lifetime of a woman. While there is a significant amount of knowledge regarding the genetic drivers of hereditary breast cancers, there is very little known about the genes responsible for driving sporadic breast cancers, largely in part due to the dearth of appropriate mouse models of this disease. The C3H-MCM4(Chaos3) mouse model bears a single endogenous mutation in a gene encoding a component of the MCM2-7 replication helicase, which our lab has previously shown results in a state of chronic replication stress and downstream genomic instability, leading to a strain-specific phenotype of female mice developing spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas. In my graduate research work, I have utilized this powerful and unique mouse model to determine the genetic drivers of these sporadic mammary tumors (MTs), based on relevance to human breast cancer data available publicly. My analyses of recurrent genomic alterations present in these Chaos3 MTs revealed that the majority of them (>80%) contained heterozygous deletions of a gene encoding the chromatin remodeling component Arid1a. Importantly, ARID1A is also frequently deleted (monoallelically) in a significant subset of human breast cancers (between 30-50%, depending on the specific study cited), based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). I have characterized the pathways being altered upon overexpression of Arid1a in Chaos3 MT cells, and have identified potential direct transcriptional targets of Arid1a regulation using this in vitro system. I have further shown that the heterozygous loss of Arid1a is a critical maintenance factor for MT growth in this model, and that endogenous induction of Arid1a expression to wild-type levels is sufficient to significantly slow down MT cell proliferation in vitro. This is suggestive of a haploinsufficient role for Arid1a tumor suppression, in a manner similar to TP53, and offers an intriguing therapeutic opportunity of inducing the remaining ARID1A allele to potentially reduce MT growth in the subset of human breast cancers that retain an intact copy of this powerful tumor suppressor gene.


A new type of automatic force‐displacement recording myograph has been developed to measure the contraction–relaxation characteristics of contractile systems. The device produces a polytonic (variable‐force) load and therefore provides a more realistic measurement than either isometric or isotonic apparatus. Measurements on collagen that was first well ground and then extruded into a reconstituted thin tape show contraction and relaxation behaviour that can be characterized by a slightly modified form of Hill's 1938 equation. The characteristic parameters of the Hill equation determined for the reconstituted collagen were remarkably similar to those of intact muscle tissue.


Abstract Stocks of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) have supported an intensive commercial fishery in the Michigan waters of Lake Michigan for over a century. However, certain biological indicators suggested that recent upsurges in the catch reflect overfishing, and fish managers should institute measures to assure a stabilized population and fishery. A biological basis for establishing quotas is described in this paper, using information from the 1968–73 commercial fisheries in statistical districts MM-1 and MM-3 and a modification of Ricker's dynamic pool model. Natural mortality rates computed for an unfished population of whitefish in the lower end of nearby Grand Traverse Bay were important components of the model. Quota possibilities were based on the premise that the annual harvest should be confined to weight gained each year by the harvestable portion of the population. Six computations of equilibrium yields were made. A comparison of actual harvests and adjusted yields revealed an average...


The name of the Gallo-Roman healing god (Apollo) Grannus has always been subject to some controversy. Three proposals concerning its etymology have been put forward: It has been associated with a word 'beard, eyebrow' derived from the Indo-European root *gher-/ghrē- 'project, stand out', meaning '(god) with (long, bushy) hair, beard or eyebrows'. It has been linked to IE *gwher- 'warm, hot' and alternatively explained as 'sun (god)', '(god of) thermal wells' and the like. This is of further interest as it would be one of the few instances of initial *gwh- known at present in Continental Celtic. Recently, a connection with IE *ĝher- 'shine, gleam' has been suggested. I shall examine these proposals and contribute some arguments hitherto not taken into consideration, particularly from the field of Celtic archaeology.


Influenza viruses cause a major risk to human and animal health. Influenza virus capable of undergoing continuous evolution due to lack of proofreading mechanism during replication and high rate of mutation in their surface glycoproteins. Early detection and rapid intervention are crucial to mitigate the adverse outcomes of newly emerging influenza viruses. Evolution is a serious impediment to antiviral drugs and host immune system. The need for updating flu vaccines arising from perpetual evolution of influenza virus. Vaccines prepared for an earlier form of circulating influenza virus will not provide protection against newly emerging influenza viruses that is why flu vaccines need to be updated regularly. In addition, there is an urgent need for universal influenza vaccines which are capable of protecting against various strains of influenza virus. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the key components of influenza virus which are more prone to mutation. Antigenic variation in influenza virus comes about because of genetic changes in their surface glycoproteins. These changes are known as "antigenic drift" and "antigenic shift". This paper introduces the basics of influenza evolution, highlights the evolutionary history of influenza viruses and discusses how evolution impacts influenza intervention with particular emphasis on the current H5N1 Avian influenza epidemic. This paper also proposes the use of improved adjuvants in flu vaccines to trigger rapid and robust immune responses against newly emerging influenza viruses. Broad-spectrum immunologic adjuvant with ability to induce a wide range of immune responses can be used to develop an effective vaccines against newly emerging flu strains. Generally, this article illustrates how influenza virus undergoes evolution and presents ways of intervening continuously evolving influenza viruses.


The secretary-general Hu Jin-tao puts forward that we must pay more attention to nomocracy spirit and build up socialism nomocracy in the report of 17th people's representation convention,all of these point out the di- rection for constructing the monocracy culture of Chinese characteristic socialism.In this article,the author first talks about the basic category of monocracy culture in China,and then analyzes the actuality of it in China,at last advances the way to establish our country's monocracy culture.


Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity class NP as an Ising problem with only polynomial overhead. A scalable Ising machine that outperforms existing standard digital computers could have a huge impact for practical applications for a wide variety of optimization problems. In this review, we survey the current status of various approaches to constructing Ising machines and explain their underlying operational principles. The types of Ising machines considered here include classical thermal annealers based on technologies such as spintronics, optics, memristors, and digital hardware accelerators; dynamical-systems solvers implemented with optics and electronics; and superconducting-circuit quantum annealers. We compare and contrast their performance using standard metrics such as the ground-state success probability and time-to-solution, give their scaling relations with problem size, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.


Due to the specialness of police work and AIDS,the situation of police work with the exposure of AIDS virus is becoming more and more rigorous,which should be emphasized by police organs at all levels and policemen.Police organs should take effective measures and strengthen work intensity and do the protective work.


It is shown how to find general multivariate Pade approximation using the Grobner basis technique. This method is more flexible than previous approaches, and several examples are given to illustrate this advantage. When the number of variables is small compared to the degree of approximation, the Grobner basis technique is more efficient than the linear algebra methods in the literature.


This article aims to contribute to the debate about the moral and ethical aspects of education for sustainable development by suggesting a clarification of ethics and morals through an investigatio ...


Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are the cornerstone of local self government and it provides democratic platform for people's participation at various levels of governance in India. PRIs have been given constitutional status through 73rd Constitutional Amendment in 1992 to make democracy more functional at the local level and driven by citizens needs in addition to with their participation to ensure economic development, strengthen social justice and implementing Central as well as State government welfare schemes including those 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh schedule. In its present form and structure, the PRIs in Andaman and Nicobar Islands have completed three decades of existence and well entrenched with the rural life and have brought about major development in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, a lot remains to be done in order to further deepen decentralization and strengthen democracy at the grass root level in the absence of legislature at Union Territory level. Given the general conceptual implication, the present paper seeks to make an in-depth study of issues and challenges encounter by PRIs in Andaman and Nicobar Islands in particular.

Keywords: Governance, Participation, Gram Sabha, Zilla Parishad.


Review of a book which consisely presents the results of almost 900 publications concerning the organometallic chemistry of titanium, zirconium, and halfnium.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly restrict the unauthorized playback of content by verifying the identity of managed known digital content data with unknown digital content data to be played back at a user side. SOLUTION: A first function calculation means 111 calculates element data D11 and D12 from known or unknown digital content data D1 and D2 by calculating a first function, a second function calculation means 112 calculates digest data D21 and D22 from the known or unknown digital content data D1 and D2 by calculating a second function, a first comparison means 121 compares the identify of the element data and a second comparing means 122 compares the identity of the digest data, and the identity of the known digital content data and unknown digital content data is judged according to the comparison result. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


Arsenic, an important environmental contaminant, is present in the aquatic environment as a result of geogenic and anthropogenic processes (Gonzaliz et al., 2006; Singh and Banerjee, 2008) and it has been reported as one of the most alarming chemical (ATSDR, 2002). In the environment, arsenic is present in different forms and the toxicity depends upon its chemical form and oxidation states (Agusa et al., 2008). The toxicity of arsenical in animals depends on species, sex, age, exposure dose, duration of exposure, organic or inorganic form, valence state, etc., (Luh et al., 1973 and Allen et al., 2004). In natural water, arsenic is mostly exist in inorganic and organic form (Luh et al., 1973) and the inorganic form has been found to be more toxic (Liao et al., 2004). In the aquatic environment, the semimetal arsenic exists either in arsenite (the trivalent form, As 3+ ) or arsenate (the pentavalent form, As 5+ ), which are inter-converted through redox and methylation reaction (Reuther, 1992; Bears et al., 2006). Trivalent arsenic (As 3+ ) is more toxic than pentavalent arsenic (As 5+ ) (Bertelero et al., 1981; Liao et al., 2004). Among the various arsenical compounds, arsenic trioxide (As2 O3) is mostly used in synthesis of various inorganic and organic compounds and in agricultural chemicals. It is also used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of hematological malignancies (List, 2002). Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was a dominant species in most of the arsenic contaminated area in India and which is almost 50% of the total area arsenic level (Chatterjee et al., 1993). The contamination of aquatic ecosystem by arsenicals and their impact on the aquatic organisms has now emerged as a serious environmental problem (Allen et al., 2004).


Rattan is a potential non-timber forest product. It grows in almost all parts of Indonesia, and has been widely used and traded. Indonesia as the largest rattan producer in the world supplies about 85% of world rattan needs. Bukit Lubuk Pekak Forest is part of the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) area, Merangin District, Jambi Province. The threat form rattan exploitation is increasing, especially in the Bukit Lubuk Pekak. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct study on the potency of rattan in that area for future conservation efforts. This study aimed to investigate rattan species in Bukit Lubuk Pekak forest, Merangin District, Jambi Province. Information of the potency of rattan is essential to support rattan industries. To complete data of rattan potency from Sumatra, an exploration in this area was carried out in July 2016 in Bukit Lubuk Pekak Forest. The study was conducted by purpossive sampling. Identification on morphological characteristics of rattan were performed on all  parts of plants including fruits and seeds (if available). The results showed that there were four rattan genus in Bukit Lubuk Pekak Forest: Calamus, Daemonorops, Korthalsia, and Plectocomiopsis. They consisted of nine species, namely Calamus caesius, C. exillis, C. insignis var. longispinosus, C. laevigatus, C. tumidus, Daemonorops micracantha, D. didymophylla, Korthalsia flagellaris, and Plectocomiopsis geminiflora. Among the nine species, two species that is Calamus caesius and Daemonorops didymophylla have been cultivated for industry raw materials and drug, respectively.


Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life threatening complication of the first trimester of pregnancy that arises in 1.3 – 2.4% of all pregnancies.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ectopic pregnancy and to evaluate the clinical presentation, risk factors and management outcomes of ectopic pregnancies.
Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of ectopic pregnancies managed at Dhaka Community Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2013 to December 2017. Total 70 cases of ectopic pregnancies were included. The medical records of the patients managed for ectopic pregnancies were retrived and data were collected from registers. The relevant data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and presented in frequency chart and tables.
Results: Total 70 cases of ectopic pregnancies were managed during the study periods which constituted 3.6% of all gynaecological admissions. Most of the patients (35.7%) were between 25 – 29 years age group. It was most common in multiparae with a percentage of 85.7% . The commonest (92.9% ) clinical presentation was abdominal pain. Almost 14.3% were in a state of shock at admission. Among the identified risk factors 28.6% had a previous history of induced abortion and 22.9% had pelvic inflammatory disease. Out of 70, 60 patients (85.7%) had ruptured ectopic pregnancies, 4 (5.7%) were unruptured and 5 (7.1%) produces a complex tubo-ovarian mass. Only 1(1.4%) case was presented early & treated with intramuscular methotrexate injection. Surgery by open method in the form of salpingectomy 64(91.4%) and salpingo-oophorectomy 5(7.1%) were the mainstay of management. No maternal mortality found in this series.
Conclusions: Since ectopic pregnancy remains a gynaecological catastrophe in developing countries and a major challenge to the reproductive performance of women worldwide, it should be considered a relevant public health issue. Early diagnosis, identifying of underlying risk factors and timely intervention in the form of conservative or surgical treatment will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021; Vol. 36(1): 28-32


The West African Vegetation Database (http://www.westafricanvegetation.org; GIVD ID AF-00-001) is an online database that has been designed to securely store, edit and manage phytosociological and dendrometrical releves from West Africa to provide data for research projects dealing with, but not limited to, plant communities, biogeography, population structure, and vegetation dynamics. An integrated access management system allows data owners to keep data private, to grant selected users access or to make data sets available to the general public. Data entry is possible online or in a local offline database that can be synchronized with the online database. The database allows the calculation of biodiversity indices and has several export options.


The title compound, prepared from C(60) and CF(3)I at 500 degrees C, exhibits an unusual fullerene(X)12 addition pattern that is 40 kJ mol(-1) less stable than the previously reported C(60)(CF(3))12 isomer.


This paper introduces various analytical methods,such as elemental analyzer,elution test,calorimetric bomb and ion chromatography to determine the chlorine content in representative components of Berlin-originated municipal solid waste(MSW)and distinguish their chlorine species.The chlorine content and its distribution in Tianjin-originated MSW are also predicted in this paper.The results indicate that elution test is able to differentiate organic and inorganic chlorine,and detect higher chlorine content in organic waste than the other methods.Elemental analyzer is able to distinguish combustible from incombustible chlorine and seems to be a more precise method except for organic waste.The calorimetric bomb and ion chromatography detects lower total chlorine content than the other two methods by 15%—25% chlorine.Chlorine content in representative MSW components varies from 0.1%(dry basis,mass fraction)in wood to 6.0%(dry basis,mass fraction)in PVC.The systematic difference between analytical methods is negligible for the low chlorine content components(0.3%,dry basis,mass fraction),and increases with the increase of chlorine content.


The article describes part of a short course in global issues focusing on bananas. The background, evolution and development of a unique system of fair trade in organically grown bananas established between Japan and Negros Island in the Philippines provides the paper's primaiy content. Particular emphasis is given to the difference this trade has made to the Negros side as the situation facing the islanders was, without hyperbole, a desperate one. 1.0 Global issues as teaching content Before beginning this study, I would like to first consider and justify the relevance of global issues to English teaching. The term global issues refers to world problems such as poverty, sexism, environmental destruction, war, hunger, and racism, and also involves concepts such as social responsibility, international understanding, world development, peace,justice, and human rights. The use of global issues by language educators is now firmly established. The evidence can be seen in the regularity of related articles in professional journals, associated presentations at conferences, related textbooks and teaching materials, and the successful operation of special interest groups within professional teaching organizations such as TESOL, IATEL and JALT. The rationale for introducing global issues into the EFL/ESL classroom is typically understood to be developing language skills by using content-based instruction to examine authentic and important world issues (Cates, 1999, p.12). To paraphrase Provo (1993, p. 12), since teachers need to use readings, dialogues and discussions, why not use content to inform students of important world issues and to challenge them to consider solutions? The role of English as, however unofficially, the preferred global language of communication between diverse cultures (Crystal, 1997) can also be combined with a broad interpretation of Japanese Govrnment calls for greater internationalization to aisojustify the study of global issues in EFL/ESL classrooms. In this respect learners themselves regularly demonstrate a strong interest in other cultures, and also a desire for greater understanding of the world, including specific global issues of particular interest to them. Linguists recognize that the skills learners need to develop for the successful communication they profess to desire with people from other cultures require skills beyond those of phonetics, lexis, syntax, etc., traditionally associated with language classrooms. In addition to developing basic


The article discusses the main causes of damage and destruction of low-rise buildings built of local materials. In the operation of buildings, as a rule, in most cases, the operation is carried out by personnel who do not have the appropriate qualifications and skills in construction.


A neural network model of the foveal visual preprocessor (FVP) based on a non-uniform representation of the vision field from the center to the periphery has been developed. The properties of foveal neural network and the results of computer simulation and analytical study of the model are considered. The dependence of a sensory tuning of FVP elements on the FVP and moving stimulus parameters is studied. A possible development of a foveal visual sensor on the base of the results obtained is discussed.


BACKGROUND: Direct anterior minimum invasive surgery (DAMIS) total hip arthroplasty has been considered as the total hip arthroplasty that is most consistent with the minimally invasive standards. In theory, there is a low 基于直接前侧入路微创技术的侧卧位全髋关节置换


According to CFD basic theories,numerical simulations on gas migration in gob are respectively conducted by using Fluent software under different distributions of gob permeability,such as uniform distribution,segmented uniform distribution,continuous distribution and "O"-typed continuous distribution.When the permeability is evenly distributed,the air leakage in goaf is less and high-concentration methane distributions are near the face.When the permeability is piecewise evenly distributed,there have two bouncing gas ravines in mined-out.When the permeability is continuously distributed,the air leakage in goaf is bigger and high-concentration methane distributions are near the deep of the goaf.When the permeability is "O"-typed continuously distributed,the air leakage in goaf is the most.The results show that the air leakage and gas distribution in gob are very different under different permeability.Therefore,in order to get more actual rules of gas migration,the permeability distribution in mined-out areas of coal and rock falling should be described as carefully as possible when simulation is conducted.


In a complex speech environment, microphone array speech enhancement techniques can effectively extract target speech signals and eliminate noise. In a conventional microphone array, the beam forming weighting coefficients are fixed. To flexibly control the beam forming direction of the microphone array and eliminate residual noise due to side-lobes, this paper presents an adaptive enhancement technique for microphone array speech. A microphone array with an adaptive filter is used to form a controllable generalized sidelobe canceller(GSC), followed by improved spectral subtraction with a Chebyshev window function. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively remove noise, improving the performance by about 3.5 d B with respect to the ordinary GSC.


ABSTRACT The global COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated issues of isolation, enhanced hygiene practices and contact tracing brought up a number of issues to the public domain, many of which bordered on the nexus between urban planning and public health. This paper sets out to examine how new ideas concerning the linkages between urban planning and public health revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic can be integrated into practice, moving forward; and how we might leverage on the crisis to build more just, healthier and liveable cities. Through a review of the literature on public policy responses to pandemics, it is observed that the current urban planning system in Ghana leaves so many people behind and exposes the lives of many to current and future disease pandemics. We propose an agenda for transformation which revolves around the co-evolution and co-creation of new forms of societal values that are less materialistic and individualistic but rather more egalitarian.


The surface-electrode ion trap is one of the key devices in modern ion-trapping apparatus to host the ion qubits for quantum computing. Surface traps fabricated on the silicon substrate have the versatility for complex electrode fabrication with 3-D integration capability. However, Si-induced dielectric loss has to be considered in trap design, and a ground structure is being incorporated to mitigate this concern. In this article, surface-electrode ion trap is fabricated using the standard Cu back-end process on a 300-mm Si wafer platform. Several process novelties are demonstrated: 1) the use of electroplated Cu/Au layers using microfabrication techniques to form the surface electrodes; 2) the use of dry etching to form the fine-gap oxide trench between the electrodes for reducing the charge-induced stray electric field; 3) the use of Cu mesh ground structure to enhance the resonance performance of the trap; and 4) process optimization to minimize the undercut in Cu/Au electrodes. Promising electrical properties are obtained from the fabricated ion trap with a leakage current failure rate of < 10% on a 300-mm wafer. Two trap types designed with radio-frequency (RF) linewidth of 80 and $40~\mu \text{m}$ are evaluated for their resonance performance with and without the ground plane. By incorporating ground plane into the ion trap, the resonance performances are significantly improved with an output power increment of 11 and 13 dB and $Q$ factor increment of 2 and 6 for the corresponding trap types.


1.a. Achene 10-ribbed; pappus reddish (when dry) ..... 2 b. Achene angular or subterete with less than 10 ribs or not ribbed; pappus white, dingy white or reddish (when dry) .... 3 2.a. Pappus uni-seriate or nearly so ...... Decaneurum b. Pappus clearly bi-seriate ......... Lepidaploa 3.a. Pappus uni-seriate or, if bi-seriate, inner involucral scales caducous afterwards 4 b. Pappus bi-seriate 5 4.a. Heads many-flowered; involucral scales linear-lanceolate to oblong, acute to very pointed at the top ....... Cyanopis b. Heads 1—10-flowered; involucral scales oblong or ovate, small, obtuse at the top Strobocalyx 5.a. Achene angular, glabrous or pilose; outer row of the pappus consisting of flattened setae or scales ........ 6 b. Achene terete or subterete, more or less clearly ribbed, more or less appressed pubescent; setae of the outer row of the pappus filiform Tephrodes 6.a. Heads paniculate, corymbose or few together, pedunculate, 12- to many-flowered 7 b. Heads glomerate, sessile or subsessile, 2—9-flowered .. Congestae 7.a. Outer row of the pappus consisting of flattened setae. Claothrachelus b. Outer row of the pappus consisting of scales .... Lepidella


Thirty-eight species of Nepticulidae are known from the Yucatán Peninsula and adjacent areas (mainland Mexico and Be-lize). This paper describes two new species: Stigmella maya Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (a leaf-miner of Karwinskia hum-boldtiana, Rhamnaceae), and Acalyptris yucatani Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (a leaf-miner of Schinus sp., Anacardiaceae). S. maya is among the smallest Lepidoptera in the world. In its male genitalia S. maya resembles a sizeable group of undescribed species occurring in the Andes (Patagonia: Argentina). The adults of both new species are illustrated with photographs of adults, genitalia and leaf-mines.


Abstract For decades, scholars have been interested in the relationship between community integration and local media use. Some have argued that the use of the local media furthers integration. Others have seen integration into a community as a prerequisite for attention to the media. In this study, a survey explored whether a relationship between the two dimensions actually exists and whether personal conversations about media topics could link both phenomena. The results show that social integration is not only related to media use, but also to conversations specifically about media content. Thus, the media's contribution to community integration could be an indirect one, by facilitating conversations and by helping integrate individuals socially through conversational topics.


This paper will discuss academic-practitioner collaborative research in terms of co-production. The Swedish KnowledgeFoundation uses co-production as a concept in their application calls to support ...


The London School of Tropical Medicine. Few things can be more interesting to any medical practitioner who desires to see a practical demonstration of some of the most important discoveries of Tecent times in reference to the arts of preventing and of healing disease than a visit to the small hospital near the Royal Albert Docks, to which is attached the London School of Tropical Medicine. By the liberal assistance of the Colonial Office and of


We analyze the three-dimensional structure of proteins by a computer program that finds regions of sequence that contain module boundaries, defining a module as a segment of polypeptide chain bounded in space by a specific given distance. The program defines a set of ''linker regions'' that have the property that if an intron were to be placed into each linker region, the protein would be dissected into a set of modules all less than the specified diameter. We test a set of 32 proteins, all of ancient origin, and a corre- sponding set of 570 intron positions, to ask if there is a statistically significant excess of intron positions within the linker regions. For 28-A modules, a standard size used his- torically, we find such an excess, with P < 0.003. This correlation is neither due to ac ompositional or sequence bias in the linker regions nor to a surface bias in intron positions. Furthermore, a subset of 20 introns, which can be putatively identified as old, lies even more explicitly within the linker regions, withP< 0.0003. Thus, there is a strong correlation between intron positions and three-dimensional structural elements of ancient proteins as expected by the introns-early approach. We then study a range of module diameters and show that, as the diameter varies, significant peaks of corre- lationappearformodulediameterscenteredat21.7,27.6,and 32.9A.Thesepreferredmodulediametersroughlycorrespond to predicted exon sizes of 15, 22, and 30 residues. Thus, there are significant correlations between introns, modules, and a quantized pattern of the lengths of polypeptide chains, which is the prediction of the ''Exon Theory of Genes.''