ONE EVENING IN the spring of 2007, Barack Obama, drooping off the Senate floor, paused for an interview with New York Times columnist David Brooks. "His voice," Brooks later recounted, "was measured and fatigued, and he was taking those little pauses candidates take when they're afraid of saying something that might hurt them later on." In the midst of the interview, Brooks spontaneously severed his line of questioning about development aid and asked Obama, "Have you ever read Reinhold Niebuhr?" Obama perked up: "I love him," he said. "He's one of my favorite philosophers." Divers writers have dissected and probed this assertion, seeking to explicate how Obama's affinity for Niebuhr will or will not manifest itself in the new president's governance. Too often, though, they have assumed that Obama's statement provides extensive insight into his mental life. It does not. For detecting exactly what it is that Obama loves about Niebuhr is tricky, not only because Obama's positions are inclined to blurriness but because Niebuhr's thought is extensive and itself frequently less than forth-right. One needs more than a scalpel and probe to figure out the connection between Obama and Niebuhr; indeed, one may need more tools just to get at the crux of Niebuhr alone. The enigma IN SEPTEMBER, 2005, the Daily Kos blog ran a lengthy letter from Obama in which he defended those Democratic senators who, unlike himself, had voted to confirm John Roberts as the Supreme Court's chief justice and were taking heat from some liberals because of it. "To the degree that we brook no dissent within the Democratic Party, and demand fealty to the one, 'true' progressive vision for the country," Obama wrote, "we risk the very thoughtfulness and openness to new ideas that are required to move this country forward." It is the language of a centrist. And yet, Obama specifically rejected that label by urging Democrats not to tack centrist but steer their liberal agenda toward more audacious and innovative waters. "Too often," he wrote, "the 'centrist' label seems to mean compromise for compromise sake, whereas on issues like health care, energy, education, and tackling poverty, I don't think Democrats have been bold enough." And while happy to chide intolerant liberals, Obama refused to analogize left-wing activist groups to their rightwing counterparts because "Fighting on behalf of the poor and the vulnerable is not the same as fighting for homophobia and Halliburton." Such is the style of America's new president. Their tendency toward lapidary construction notwithstanding, his sentences can seem contradictory. In the Daily Kos letter, Obama defended some centrist Democrats and rebuked others; he applauded certain forms of what is called centrism and disavowed others. He compared left-wing litmus tests to right-wing ones but then found his own comparison inapt because the concerns of conservative groups (e.g., "fighting for homophobia") are fearful while those of liberal groups are hopeful. He applauded the idea of "disagreeing without being disagreeable," but certain Republican ideas, those he doesn't like, he called "dumb." That Barack Obama is an "enigma" has been aplenty noted: Last year, the Washington Post editorial page published "The Obama Enigma," David Broder penned "Obama's Enigma," and Victor Davis Hanson wrote of Obama, "After more than a year of campaigning, he still remains an enigma." The then-presidential-candidate could not be pinned down. Larissa MacFarquhar, writing in the New Yorker in 2007, found that "in his view of history, in his respect for tradition, in his skepticism that the world can be changed any way but very, very slowly, Obama is deeply conservative. There are moments when he sounds almost Burkean. He distrusts abstractions, generalizations, extrapolations, projections." Fine, but was this not the man--purportedly so skeptical of change and abstractions--who built a winning presidential campaign on abstractions about change? …


The rapid increase of the machinery whether its mobile or computer systems have brought more advance and efficient Windows, Web and Mobile applications but it also increases the complexity in systems which ultimately leads to vulnerabilities that attackers use to exploit the victim systems. In decades, the uses of web applications and web hacking activities have been amplified swiftly. In today's world organizations and institution find themselves in complex situation for securing their system and data from increasing vulnerabilities that is why it would be better to discover and identify these vulnerabilities in advance before attacker can exploit them. Thus vulnerability assessment and penetration testing techniques helps it to determine whether the arrangements in securing system are working properly or not by fixing those security gaps This paper will be on discussing and analyzing about life cycle of VAPT process and VAPT tools for finding vulnerabilities in system. We will also focus its importance at various organizational levels for adoption requirement of updating security measures in order to provide protection from various cyber-attacks.


Hector Noguera is a professor in the theatre department of Santiago's Catholic University as well as one of Chile's leading directors and actors. He is a director of the university's professional theatre company, the School of Communication Arts' Theatre, and is a founding member of several independent groups where he continues to direct and act. Noguera is also president of the International Theatre Institute (ITI) in Chile and has represented Chile at many international conferences, including the UNESCO-sponsored meeting on Latin American theatre in Lima, Peru, in 1987, and the International School of Theatre Anthropology (ISTA) congress in Salento, Italy, the same year. In 1988 he was invited to direct his first English-language production at the Milwaukee Repertory Theatre, a translation of Chilean Antonio Skarmeta's Burning Patience (Ardiente Paciencia), a play about Pablo Neruda which Noguera had directed in Santiago the previous year.


At least one compound to provide a portable and highly automated apparatus and method for introducing into the red blood cells. Device (1), the pump (31,40,49) and valves (10,26,29,30,33,46,50) and mechanical elements and electrical units of the control unit (15) or the like is provided, such as provided was reusable part (56). Device (1) also strains of tube made from a deformable material and (2) a plurality of reservoirs (6,13,21,27,28,39,48) one or more filter (37) It includes a disposable portion that is in contact with the sample (55) containing the red blood cells with is provided. The device (1), after treatment erythrocytes, it becomes possible to further concentrate the red cells. The device (1), substantially fully automated form, comprising a compound can be introduced into the erythrocyte.


Software Communication Architecture is a standard which defines the software infrastructure for the management control and configuration of the software defined radio. Main purpose of the SCA specification is to define the operating system environment software. This is mainly used for increasing the flexibility, interoperability and reduces the support costs, reduces the system acquisition cost. Software-defined radio(SDR) is a radio communication system where components that have been typically implemented in hardware(e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors ,etc.)are instead implemented by means of software on a personal computer or embedded system. Spectra CX is a tool to Simplify, Accelerate and Validate SCA-based Development. Software Communications Architecture Tool Spectra CX is a model-driven development tool that simplifies, accelerates, and validates a significant proportion of the Software Communications Architecture (SCA)development process. Spectra CX validates SCA compliance at the architectural and unit test level, and generates correct-by-construction SCA compliant artifacts, such as: XML descriptor files, compliance test reports, and validation documentation. Spectra CX enables SCA and non-SCA software aspects to be developed together, integrated early, and thoroughly tested. By using this tool operating system of the software defined radio is tested for SCA compliance.


We briefly review the current status of multidimensional NMR relaxation and diffusion studies of the microscopic water distribution in complex multiphase, multicomponent food systems, including a detailed discussion of micro-phase separated mixed biopolymer systems and water compartmentation in cellular plant tissue. We propose a number of novel pulse sequences for the ultrafast acquisition of the multidimensional relaxation spectra.


Measures of thermal habitat space were developed by integrating, over time during the summer period, the amount of lake bottom area and pelagic volume with water temperatures within species' optimal thermal niches. These species' specific measures, thermal habitat area, THA (hectares per 10 d), and thermal habitat volume, THV (cubic hectometres per 10 d), were used as predictor variables in regression equations estimating the total sustained yield, SY (kilograms per year), of each of four commercially important species: lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush; lake whitefish, Coregonus Clupeaformis; walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum; and northern pike, Esox lucius. One or both of THA and THV were strongly correlated with SY for each of the four species for a set of 21 large north-temperate lakes. Several other habitat variables were assessed with respect to species' SY: total lake area and volume, mean depth, total dissolved solids, and the ratio of the latter two as R. A. Ryder's morphoedaphic index. The va...


Stewing Old Duck is a popular novel of the late Qing Dynasty the present author recently discovered,a rare book not collected in libraries at home and abroad.Based on the case study of this book,this paper elaborates how a novel narratews with illustrations and what makes illustrations possible.Illustrations in Stewing Old Duck were made not only to attract readers' attention and bring them aesthetic pleasure,but also to help readers skim for the basic content of the novel and make quick decisions for purchase.Spatial painting in Stewing Old Duck used the following narrative strategies to break through temporal bound: the continuity of pictures,explanation for pictures,selection of time points,psychological narration,and plot transformation.Pictures in the novel are not the representation of scenes of the novel,but rather the author's reconstruction process.The intertextuality between the text and the illustrations lies in the fact that words and graphic are both symbols,which accounts for their being isomorphic and complementary to each other.


In this work we study the stability of a method for the numerical solution of initial value problems, that combines finite differences with Simpson's rule. This method is applied to a one spatial dimension, convection-dominated transport problem. To solve the same problem in two spatial dimensions, the proposed method was used in combination with Strang's operator decomposition method.


The invention relates to the field of industrial dust removing equipment, in particular to an electrostatic dust collector. The electrostatic dust collector comprises a shell, a distributing unit, a plurality of corona electrodes, a plurality of anode plates, a plurality of conduction electrodes and a pneumatic vibrating unit. The electrostatic dust collector has the beneficial effects that the conduction electrodes are arranged at the tail ends of sediment channels, so that charged dust moves to the anode plates in an accelerated mode due to repulsive force generated by the conduction electrodes, and the anode plates can capture dust particles sufficiently; by arranging the distributing unit, air to be subjected to dust removal can fully and evenly enter all the sediment channels, and therefore stable operation efficiency of all the sediment channels is ensured, and the effect that the whole dust collector is high in dust removal efficiency is ensured; by arranging the pneumatic vibrating unit on a diffusion plate, accumulated dust on the distributing unit automatically falls off due to vibration under the effect of wind without extra driving, so that normal operation of the distributing unit is maintained.


Two studies were conducted of pharmacists who successfully completed an accredited continuing education course available through a major professional journal. Data were collected regarding the learners' evaluations of the acceptability and effectiveness of this method of home study. This article reports on the findings of the second study and compares the data with the original work.

Results indicated that this particular journal course was valuable to practitioners and of utility in their interactions with other health professionals and patients. Because of the flexible nature of this self-paced means of learning, it was found equally acceptable to a wide range of pharmacists, regardless of their age or practice setting. All aspects of the course received positive evaluations by learners, with convenience of this method appearing to be the most important feature. Motivation prompting the pharmacists to enroll and their decision to reenroll in the course had the greatest influence on their evaluations of the course.


These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 31 (1955) Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-31Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08


The government introduced its ambitious plans to transform children's services as its response to the tragic death of Victoria Climbie, the victim of child abuse. However their scope is far more than improving child protection services. The aim is to develop preventive services, responding to low level concerns, so that all children are helped to achieve their potential. This article asks what the impact of this shift in emphasis will be for child protection work. It argues that the refocusing carries the risk of taking resources and professional time away from investigating serious cases of abuse and fails to address the problems in professional practice identified in the Climbie report.


We present statistical results for the analysis of 240 Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) dynamical spectra containing 3,750 short–time AKR bursts each, and recorded on‐board Interball–2 mission (POLRAD and MEMO experiments). Data were collected between December 1996 and February 1998. We found that frequency distribution of short AKR bursts as a function of their Power Spectral Density, shows for intense bursts a powerlaw fall. This is the hallmark of the Self–Organized Criticality (SOC) systems. In our case a simple analytical Logistic Growth SOC model can reproduce increments of Electron Cyclotron Maser instability expected for AKR.


We measured temperature dependence of alpha/gamma-ratio of three sample pieces of Ce 0.5 mol% doped Gd2SiO5 crystalline scintillator, which are cut from different ingots and have a dimension of 24times24times5 mm3. The temperature is controlled by a heat bath within plusmn0.5 K at +20, 0, and -20 degrees of Celcius. By using intrinsic activity of 152Gd 2.14 MeV alpha-ray, it is irradiated uniformly inside the scintillator. To determine alpha/gamma-ratio precisely, we measured input energy and pulse height linearity between 60 keV and 511 keV, at three temperature conditions. Then, we measure the alpha-ray response of the scintillator by a passive rejection any outer backgrounds by Pb and Sn blocks. As a result, alpha/gamma-ratio of 0.5 mol% Ce doped GSO is turned out to be ~0.175, and it showed a gradual temperature dependence of ~0.4 keV/K.


ABSTRACT The paper examines a road safety barrier of a N2-W4-A class, with a B-type guide bar, located on a road bend of a 150 m radius and shaped as a horizontal concave arc. In order to ensure accepting the TB11 and TB32 standard crash tests, a composite/foam/rubber overlay is designed, combined with the guide bar with screw connectors spaced by 2 m. The study develops a methodology for numerical modelling and simulation of unmodified (a straight barrier) and modified (a curved barrier) crash tests, without and with the overlay, including deformable joints with limited load capacities, contact with friction, tire pressure, posts embedded in deformable subsoil, gravity load and damping. The TB11- and TB32-simulated crash tests are conducted for the four above-mentioned barrier systems. It has been proved that the barrier with the overlay provides approval for the standard crash tests on road bends.


The proposed technique is designed to fit orthogonal polynomial equations to existing local volume tables. This method has the advantage of being able to find the "best" fit of up to 8 powers (terms) such that (1) the function will yield volumes that increase with increasing diameter, and (2) will keep the end points of the curves within range. The computer program is designed so that it can be used with little or no knowledge of the computational process involved.


Implicit contracts can mitigate moral hazard in labor, credit and product markets. The enforcement mechanism underlying an implicit contract is the threat of exclusion: the agent fears that he will lose future income if the principal breaks off the relationship. This threat may be very weak in environments where an agent can appropriate income-generating resources provided by the principal. For example, in credit markets with weak creditor protection borrowers may be able to appropriate borrowed funds and generate investment income without requiring further loans. We examine implicit contracting in a lending experiment where the threat of exclusion is exogenously varied. We find that weak exclusion undermines implicit contracting: it leads to a more frequent breakdown of credit relationships as well as to smaller loans.


A field theory of half−integer spin particles is constructed on a seven−dimensional homogeneous space of the Poincare group. The mass spectrum consists of nonparallel linear trajectories. The field theory has no spacelike or lightlike solutions. Electromagnetic form factors and structure functions of the theory are discussed.


Zooplankton surveys were carried out on November 2-3 and December 8-10, 2001at 12 stations in the Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China. Altogether 92 quantitative zooplankton samples were collected from subsurface water and bottom water layers with two conical plankton nets (180 cm in length, 45 cm in opening diameter, 333 μm and 200 μm in mesh size).A total of 31 species of Siphonophores were identified, among them 7 species are new records in the waters around Taiwan Island, of which Rocacea cymbiformis is a new record in China.Dominated by Chelophyes appendiculata, Bassia bassensis, Diphyes bojani, Diphyes dispar,Abylopsis eschscholtzi and Chelophyes contorta, these species accounted for over 76 % and 63 % of the total abundance in November and December. The species number and Siphonophores abundance in December (25 species, 1.99 inds/m3) were more than those in November (19 species, 0.438 inds/m3), and they were more in the surface water layer than in the bottom layer at most sampling stations. In early winter, the offshore high salinity water mass was a main factor influencing the distribution. The sampling efficiency for two plankton nets is discussed and the seasonal variation of species number and abundance in the Nan Wan Bay is compared with that in the neighboring waters.


In this work we present Thomson scattering measurements on a nanosecond pulsed high voltage dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-like helium plasma jet, operated in ambient air. With the low detection limit offered by a triple grating spectrograph equipped with a high quantum efficiency intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera, temporally and spatially resolved electron densities and mean energies have been mapped. 7 kV peak with 250 ns width pulses at 20 kHz are applied to the inner cylindrical shaped electrode of a DBD. This results in a peculiar hollow electron density profile in the vicinity of the jet nozzle with maximum values of ne = 5 × 1018 m−3 and mean energies of up to 2.5 eV. Further downstream, the profile collapses radially and contracts. A much higher electron density is found (2 × 1019 m−3) while the mean energy is lower (0.5 eV).


In this paper, three-dimensional CFD simulation and vehicle's environmental test were combined, according to the size and operating parameters of the actual environmental test chamber, a model of the low-temperature environmental test chamber was constructed by using 3D modeling software; by removing the structure that has little influence on the process of environmental experiment, a three-dimensional vehicle model suitable for simulation calculation is built, and by means of 3D model assembly, the combination of vehicle and environmental chamber model is realized. According to the low temperature environment test conditions, CFD numerical simulation method was used to analyze the flow velocity distribution in the test chamber and the response trend of each chamber to the low temperature environment, the results were also compared with the experimental data of low temperature environment, which provides a theoretical basis for carrying out simulation and prediction research based on digital environment test.


Citation for published version (APA): Groot Kormelink, T., Tekstra, J., Thurlings, R. M., Boumans, M. H. J., Vos, K., Tak, P. P., ... van Roon, J. A. G. (2010). Decrease in immunoglobulin free light chains in patients with rheumatoid arthritis upon rituximab (antiCD20) treatment correlates with decrease in disease activity. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 69(12), 21372144. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.126441


This paper describes an opening experiment: simultaneous determination of rutin and ascorbic acid in compound rutin tablets using carbon paste electrode modified with surfactant.The guiding ideology and experiment contents of the teaching design of the experiment are introduced.This experiment associated with our new achievements in scientific research can help not students only learn the basic knowledge of electroanalytical chemistry,but also expand their ideas and cultivate their creative ability.


A portable terminal is provided. The portable terminal includes a flexible display disposed on a front surface of the portable terminal and extending to a side surface of the portable terminal, the flexible display unit including a main display area on the front surface, and an auxiliary display area on the side surface; a sensor that detects a state of the portable terminal; and a controller that selectively outputs event information on the main display area or the auxiliary display area of the flexible display unit according to the detected state of the portable terminal.


Fey (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) argues for using rule (or invented rule, as in Kiparsky & Menn, 1977) rather than process as a general term for children's consistent patterns of errors. He r...


nods and other seizure types. He was then investigated for possible GLUT1 deficiency. Results The initial investigations revealed a CSF sugar of 2.4 when the blood sugar was 5.9 (ratio of 0.4) which was low but not low enough for GLUT1 deficiency. Genetic testing revealed a mutation in the Exon 5 of the SLC2A gene c.647T>C (p.lle216Thr) not previuosly reported. Conclusion GLUT1 deficiency should be suspected in a child with developmental delay, epilepsy and movement disorder. Novel mutations can result in the condition. Our case is one such example for novel mutation as well as refusal of ketogenic diet from late diagnosis.


Based on the Test.lab modal test system of the Belgian LMS company, the three-phase asynchronous motor of the swing test bench is tested and analyzed, and the reliability of the motor is verified by using the vibration data of the motor collected under the swing condition by spectrum analysis.


the great actions in the higher development of the larynx of man. Now, difference in function suggests difference in structure. These very questions were largely dwelt upon at the last meeting of the section of laryngology of the British Medical Association ; and as one reads Professor Krause's paper, it is impossible to forget the many points raised during that discussion which have a distinct bearing upon the question. We are not amongst those who would depreciate the value of experimental research upon the lower animals, but when the result of these, instead of explaining what the clinical observer sees in man, seems to throw doubt upon it, one of the first impulses is to ask, Do the conditions in the lower animals not account for the failure to reconcile what has been observed by experimental research and what we see at the bedside? The clinician and pathologist, as well as the experimenter, will all have something to do with the final decision. In our former article we asked particularly for evidence from the pathological standpoint, believing that in the human subject, at least with the facilities at our disposal, there can be no richer source of information. We particularly asked for any proof from post-mortem examination of early lesions of adductors as opposed to abductors, and the necessity of such evidence on behalf of those who do not fully accept Sir Felix Semon's views. We have not the slightest intention of undervaluing Professor Krause's views; on the contrary, we shall always have pleasure in placing his work before our readers. All the same, we cannot yet accept Herr Grossman's view that recent experimental research has upset the valuable clinical, pathological, and experimental work which enabled Sir Felix Semon and Mr. Victor Horsley to arrive at their views upon the question under consideration.


Who in America volunteers what and why? And what impact does volunteering have? It is widely believed that the typical volunteer is middle-aged and middle-class and that volunteerism is rooted in American cultural individualism. Undocumented and unexplored are collectivistic roots of giving, which may have a different social base than individualistc-grounded volunteerism. Characteristics of collectivistic-rooted volunteerism, conditions under which it transpires, and group and community effects of such giving are explored here. The analysis is based on ethnographic research in a predominantly "old immigrant" working-class inner-ring suburb. Collectivistic-rooted volunteerism is shown to be community-embedded and to have group, community, and class stratifying effects.


A 19-year-old athlete with sudden onset dyspnoea and progressive exercise intolerance presented to our Heart Centre for assessment of his cardiopulmonary function. A grade 3/6 continuous murmur best heard along the lower left sternal boarder was the only pathological finding upon physical examination. …


The aim of this note is to analyze to the extent to which causation requirement is consistent with the provision of efficient incentives to potential tortfeasors. Specifically, we study focus on the role of the well-known "but for" or "sine qua non" test. According to the "but for" test, an action is a "sine qua non" condition of an accident if, given the state of the world, the accident would not have occurred had another action been taken. Thus, the "but for" test seems to isolate something we care a lot about in explaining events and in assessing responsability: the idea that the defendant's act makes a difference. Reaching beyond the sole "metaphysical" interest of this causation concept, the theoretical analysis developed in this paper investigates to what extent the "but for" causation requirement has a deterrence effect on the behavior of potential tortfeasors, particularly in situations where the tort system may provide sub-optimal incentives. Already Pigou (1920) emphasized that if the purpose of tort law is to force the economic agents to pay the true costs of their activities, including damages incurred to others, a robust use of the concept of causation is needed. Accordingly, we show to what extent the "but for" test is useful for making the potential tortfeasors internalize the social costs of their activities. This study falls into the framework of Law and Economics (hereafter "L&E") remarkably, L&E


[Objective]To study the safety,clinical effect and therapeutic characteristics of distraction apparatus for correcting flexion contracture deformities of the knee joint by evaluating the clinical outcomes and investigating the results of biomechanic test.[Method]Forty-nine patients (included 52 knees) were treated by the standardized distraction apparatus and the comprehensive assessment standard was adopted to evaluate the clinical outcomes.Five patients were examined by three-dimensional CT of the knee joints pre-operatively and post-operatively to observe the changes in the knee structure.To observe the effect of distraction on the popliteal artery and the limb nerves,the popliteal artery diameter and blood flow speed were examined in 15 patients and the regio cruris electromyogram and nerve conduction velocity were examined in 6 patients before and after treatment.Three different means of distraction and measurement were underwent in 3 patients so as to observe the changes in the flexion curve and force of posterior soft tissues of the knee.[Result]All patients (52 knees) regained congruous structure and better function,the final excellent and good result rate was 65%.Three-dimensional CT examination of 5 patients showed that the postoperative knee joint structures were superior to the preoperative ones and there weren't damage of articular surface.The statistic results indicated that the popliteal arteries weren't obviously disturbed by distraction,whereas the limb nerves were probably disturbed temporarily.Three methods of distraction and measurement in 3 patients showed different outcomes,indicating that the effect of distraction on soft tissues was influenced by the distraction method,the ages of patients and the extents of deformities of the limb.[Conclusion]The distraction speed of therapeutic method is safe,reasonable and effective in correcting flexion contracture of the knee joint;The distraction force on posterior soft tissues of the knee is influenced by various elements,thus,the distraction speed should be individualized.Low-load and steady stretch are advantageous to soft tissue regeneration and safer.


Since IEEE 802.11 protocol implements a limited number of retransmissions at link layer, an energy-efficient routing algorithm named ERRC is proposed for reliable communication in IEEE 802.11-based mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET). It can be easily applied to current MANET active routing protocols. ERRC proposes an energy consumption model based on IEEE 802.11 retransmissions and provides power control mechanism in data transmission. Packet error rate and node cost are considered during ERRC's route selection. The simulation result shows that ERRC can significantly prolong the MANET's lifetime and is more accurate than traditional energy efficient routing algorithms which do not consider packet error rate.


Contamination of reagents used for PCR is a serious problem. We have recently reported the remarkable effectiveness of UV light in successful decontamination of PCR reagents when the reagents were contaminated with a 6-kb plasmid, followed by amplification of 750-bp segment from the insert. However, further investigation reveals that segment size, sequence and hydration can have a dramatic effect on the efficiency of UV inactivation. Despite some limitations, UV remains a highly effective means of decontamination.


A sampling and analytical method is described for the determination of airborne exposures of individuals to the carcinogen, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), known as MOCA. The personal sampler employs a filter to collect particulate MOCA followed by a bed of silica gel to remove the vapors. MOCA is extracted from the sampler stages with methanol and a 10-..mu..L aliquot is injected into an HPLC operating with a reverse-phase system. The UV detector (254 nm) allows quantitation of 3 ng of MOCA corresponding to 0.15 ..mu..g/sample. Precision levels were determined to be 9.2% at 1.5 ..mu..g/sample and 14% at 0.15 ..mu..g/sample. 7 figures, 3 tables..


The *-coparacompactness was introduced in L-bitopological spaces.The results show that the *-coparacompactness is a extension of B-cocompactness,and it has some good properties.For instance,it is hereditary with respect to biclosed subsets and is preserved under strong bihomeomorphisms.With specifical conditions,the Cartesian product of a B-cocompact set and a *-coparacompact set is a *coparacompact set.It was also proved that a *-coparacompact and bi-T2 space is both a bi-regular and a coregular space.


Service-Oriented Software Engineering is a new approach that concerns with methods to build software solutions as services and compositions with respect to service orientation and service-oriented architecture. Several methods from both academia and industry have been developed for service-oriented based systems. This work first questions "to what extent a solution provided by a method would conform to service orientation, particularly, how to examine the design decisions based on quality attributes", and "to what extent the method would align solutions with problems". Next, it proposes a framework for shaping methods. The framework considers the perspectives. Then, it propose a SOADM, a method for developing Service-as-a Software (SaaS) in high level design based on functional requirements and quality attributes.


Energy harvesting provides a promising alternative to batteries and mains used by current wireless devices. However, the power supply in energy harvesting communications becomes dynamic due to the random channels. In this work, the authors study two energy harvesting communications protocols, `harvest-store-use' and `harvest-use'. A linear harvester is used to collect energy over multiple time slots for the two protocols. The effective throughput for `harvest-store-use' and the average bit error rate for `harvest-use' are derived. Numerical results show that there exists an optimum number of time slots for the `harvest-store-use' protocol to balance the transmission probability and the delay and that the effective throughput approaches an upper limit when the number of time slots increases. Also, for the `harvest-use' protocol, one should use a small number of time slots to balance the bit error rate performance and the battery consumption.


In this article we explore the concept of criminal psychology and will explicate some of its major tenants in characterization of Hercule Poirot. With an interdisciplinary approach, by close reading and by drawing from crime and psychological theories (especially Behaviorism), we investigate the criminal profiling techniques in Agatha Christie's detective novels. Particularly we adduce Ian Marsh's theory in introducing a set of explanations for criminal behavior and Westera et al's propositions in identifying features that make a detective's endeavors effective. We focus on the psychological procedures that exist in the process of mystery (making and solution) as well as on the detective's task to decodify riddles in light of the internal and external forces acting on him and how these affect his final decision. Then, we expand the notion of profiling as conducted by a detective and will illustrate some of the recurring biases that influence the final verdict about a case. Finally, we depict how the abovementioned proceedings are implemented in Murder on the Orient Express (1934), The A.B.C Murders (1936), and Hickory Dickory Dock (1955), three of Christie's best-selling novels with Hercule Poirot as their leading character. The character of Poirot, with his immaculate criminal profiling, bears witness to how Christie drew from and, at the same time, contributed to the concept and practice of criminal psychology in fiction.


This study evaluates the formulation of an open boundary condition applied in a Cartesian coordinate shallow water linear model to simulate the effect of distant tsunami along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. The open boundary condition is applied to simulate the tsunami propagation when it is assumed that the tsunami is generated far away from the region of interest. The model domain covers the region so that the 26 December 2004 Indonesian tsunami source is well within the model domain. The initial disturbance of the tsunami source are examined along the western open boundary of the model domain and then the boundary condition is formulated and adjusted in such a manner that the effects of tsunami due to the source along the coasts are same as the effects due to the formulated boundary condition. The behavior of the formulated open boundary condition is investigated over the coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. The results are compared with the available data and a very reasonable agreement is observed.


Wind-induced ground motion is one of the main sources of noise in seismic surveys, which can cause difficulties in the data interpretation. However, it might be exploited as a seismic source for investigating near surface soil properties. In a previous study, the ground displacement spectra was predicted based on a quasi-static linear elastic ground model. The model predicted a significant difference between vertical and horizontal displacements due to a vertical pressure whereas; the field measurements indicated similar magnitudes of horizontal and vertical displacement. In an attempt to better understand the ground displacement due to interactions with the wind, we present an expanded prediction model based on elastodynamic theory for the surface displacements of an elastic half-space due to a harmonic vertical surface load as a function of frequency and apply it in the original wind-ground prediction model. In addition, we use COMSOL-Multiphysics® in order to confirm theoretical predictions for the dynamic response of the ground due to the surface load. The simulation results and theoretical predictions are closely matched with each other. The new prediction model developed based on the elastodynamic theory is compared with the previous quasi-static model and experimental data. Both the static and dynamic models of the ground predict similar vertical displacements of the ground. Although the dynamic model predicts a slightly larger horizontal displacement than the static model, it is still much smaller than the measured displacements.


In the framework of Linguistic Inventory Typology,this paper examines the syntactic status and mightiness of serial verb constructions(SVCs) in Chinese,and then makes a survey of SVCs in the neighboring languages.Following the temporal ordering iconicity,the VPs in an SVC present themselves serially without taking any overt markings such as morphological devices or function words.An SVC prototypically denotes a macro-event consisting of a number of successive micro-events,with its semantic domain settled in between what coordination and subordination may respectively convey.Further,as a mighty category the SVCs in Chinese make semantic expansions into the domains of coordination and subordination.This step naturally results in a bidirectional semantic affinity of SVCs either to coordination or to subordination.From a syntactic perspective,however,they remain SVCs in nature rather than becoming integrated into the coordinate or subordinate constructions,unless certain syntactically verified new constructions emerge and split from original SVCs,such as the well-established resultative and directional constructions in Chinese.SVCs exist in many but not all languages in East and Southeast Asia,mainly attested in languages with limited morphology,such as Kam-Tai languages,Hmong-Mien languages,languages of the Yi and Jingpho groups of the Tibeto-Burman branch(TB),and the Austroasiatic languages.In languages with rich morphology such as the Qiang and Tibetan groups of TB as well as the Altaic languages,SVCs rarely occur or are absent.


1. Innocence and the death penalty debate 2. The death penalty in America 3. A chronology of innocence 4. The shifting terms of debate 5. Innocence, resonance, and old arguments made new again 6. Public opinion 7. The rise and fall of a public policy 8. Conclusion.


A unique class of pulsed fields of arbitrary spectral profiles and bandwidths is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that can traverse a Fabry-Perot Cavity invariantly even when far exceeding cavity resonant linewidth.


OBJECTIVE
Low adherence to antipsychotic medications is a risk factor for poor outcomes for people with serious mental illness. Pharmacy data might be used by health systems to identify partially adherent patients for interventions. This study assessed whether using pharmacy data is an accurate screening method for identifying at-risk patients.

METHODS
Administrative data were used to identify 1,712 veterans as having schizophrenia or a schizoaffective or bipolar disorder and who had 12-month antipsychotic medication possession ratios (MPRs) of less than .80. Patients' charts were reviewed for alternative explanations for low rates of filling prescriptions for antipsychotic medication.

RESULTS
Of 1,712 patients whose pharmacy data indicated partial adherence (MPRs less than .80), 17% (N=297) may have been adherent. Patients with bipolar disorder had higher odds of receiving a false-positive designation (adjusted odds ratio of 1.8, 95% confidence interval of 1.31-2.39).

CONCLUSIONS
MPRs constructed from pharmacy data can be a useful first screen for identifying patients who need assistance with medication adherence.


SummaryThe report describes two methods of corrosion resistant heavy chrome plating. Detailed attention is given to the characteristics of the treatments as well as to their corrosion behaviour and their resistance to corrosion as shown in the salt spray and SO2 tests. The report ends with an outline of their areas of application.


Objective: To study the microecological changes in intestine of irradiated mice. The 60Co was used to make the animal model and the quantitative change in the cavity and mucosa flora in intestine was studied. Results: The anaerobic bacteria number sharply decreased in the intestine, and there appeared an inverse proportion between enterobacter and bifidobacterium. Conclusion: The microecological chainges in the intestine is obvious after irradiation.


in Paris, istanbul, Jakarta, amsterdam, and Cairo, muslim women are recalling anxieties that go back to the colonial era, when muslim fundamentalists, orientalists, and muslim and non-muslim states were arguing about what was right or wrong for muslim women. so extreme is the concern with muslim women today that veiled, and even unveiled, women are no longer thought of as individuals: collectively they have become the muslimwoman. i combine "muslim" and "woman" into one word, Muslimwoman, when these two words are used to evoke a singular identity. in so doing, i am following islamicist sherman Jackson's use of the term Blackamerican, which connects race and citizenship, and womanist theologian Joan martin's blackwoman, which links race and gender.1 the veil, real or imagined, functions like race, a marker of essential difference that muslim women today cannot escape. the neologism muslimwoman draws attention to the emergence of a new singular religious and gendered identification that overlays national, ethnic, cultural, historical, and even philosophical diversity. a recent phenomenon tied to growing islamophobia, this identification is created for muslim women by outside forces, whether non-muslims or islamist men. muslimwoman locates a boundary between "us" and "them." as women, muslim women are outsider/insiders within muslim communities where, to belong, their identity increasingly is tied to the idea of the veil. as muslims, they are negotiating cultural outsider/insider roles in muslim-minority societies. some women reject the muslimwoman identification and others embrace it. its uniformity across gulfs of difference intensifies an awareness of the global community in which they participate, a cosmopolitan consciousness that con-


Dibenzoazepine represents an important class of heterocycles, exhibiting potent antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities. Beside, various modifications on this nucleus, amide analogs at N -5 position showed potent antidepressant activities. A previously reported method for the synthesis of benzamide analogs of dibenzoazepine use hazardous and toxic solvents. Herein, we report a new, efficient and solvent-free green method for the synthesis of dibenzoazepine benzamides (6-21).


A runoff sequence is classified into several sub-runoff sequences with cluster analysis and practical application,and local dynamic neural network for each sub-runoff sequence is performed separately.An Elman recurrent neural network model(ENN) is constructed and applied for the daily runoff forecast in the Linyi sub-catchment of the upper Yishu river basin in this paper.In order to further evaluate the performance of local Elman neural network(LENN),global Elman neural network(GENN) is applied as a comparison at the same time in the study region.Based on analysis indexes such as Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient,correlation coefficient,mean relative error and root mean relative square error,the results of daily runoff and flooding processes are attained.It suggested that Elman recurrent neural network model has a high accuracy of forecast on the rainfall-runoff dynamic process and the maximum peak flow and peak occurrence time,whether it is configuration samples or evaluation samples.However,local Elman neural network based on runoff classification is more suitable and efficient to daily runoff forecasting than global Elman neural network,especially during the period of arid season and semi-humid season.The simulation precision of different periods decreases in the order of arid season,semi-humid season and humid season.Elman recurrent neural network model is feasible to effectively simulate the hydrological dynamic characteristic of the daily runoff and to reflect the complex nonlinear runoff regular pattern in the basin as a promising and efficient method.In order to further evaluate superiority of this method,longer series of data,more regions and hydrology model are need to study and analysis because of the highly nonlinear,spatial and temporal heterogeneity and dynamic uncertainty of rainfall-runoff process.


The paper proposed a diagnosis method of single-phase grounding fault of distribution network based on fuzzy reasoning,namely adopting fuzzy theory to improve three traditional diagnosis methods of single-phase grounding fault including amplitude comparison method of zero-sequence current,method of summation of mutual integral of transient zero-sequence current and signal injection method,and fusing diagnosis results of the three methods for comprehensive judgement by use of fuzzy reasoning theory.For problems of numerous,complicated and short branches of distribution network,the paper proposed a network layering method and used the diagnosis method to judge fault of layered distribution network layer by layer for a final diagnosis result.The analysis result showed that the fault diagnosis method and network layering method can judge fault correctly and quickly.


Abstract : This project proposes innovative methodologies of automatic feature selection for Experience-Based Adaptive Replanning (EBAR). EBAR is an extension of the Distributed Episodic Exploratory Planning (DEEP) in-house project conducted at the Air Force Research Lab. This project pursues two complementary research objectives: (i) developing efficient feature selection algorithms for case based planning (CBP), and (ii) evaluating and demonstrating the effectiveness of feature selection for CBP. In this project, we have successfully developed two major types of feature selection methods for CBP, wrapper and filter, which differ mainly in how they evaluate the quality of a feature subset. We have also developed an efficient result validation procedure and demonstrated the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed feature selection methods based on the StarCraft domain.


It is well known that many civil engineering constructions, such as roads, bridges, beam cranes, marine and off-shore structures may experience fatigue loading which can cause failure at a stress level much lower than in case of a single static load. Continuous degradation of the concrete during the loading process, due to propagation of microscopic cracks in the cement matrix and consequent strength decrease, may lead to extreme deformation and excessive crack widths, followed by structural collapse. This phenomenon is extensively documented in literature for normal, Vibrated Concrete (VC), whereas this is not so for Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Since both concrete types have a substantially different composition, it is unsure whether their mechanical properties regarding fracture behaviour and fatigue resistance are similar or not. In this paper the results of static and dynamic four point bending loading tests (with stress levels from 0.10fcc to 0.80fcc) on reinforced concrete beams are reported. For comparison purposes 50% of the specimens is made from VC and 50% from SCC. During the static and fatigue tests, deflection, strain, crack width evolution and failure mechanism are observed. Subsequently, further analysis is carried out and both types of concrete are compared. The results determine that differences in deflection, strain, and crack pattern are present. Definite conclusions regarding the number of cycles to failure, however, cannot be drawn, given the scatter on these results. For that, further research will be needed.


This pilot study attempts to assess the correlation between language ability and a projective Tree-drawing test. The hypothesis tested is that expounded by Sandra Michel, a psychologist working with Dr. A. A. Tomatis at the Language Centre in Paris. The theory of Language from which her work derives is that put forward by A. A. Tomatis in Vers l'ecoute humaine (Towards Human Hearing), (1977) and Education and Dyslexia trans . , Louise Guiney, (1972). This hypothesis states that the Tree-drawing can give a clear indication of the kind of dialogue the testee will be able and willing to use. The claims for projective Tree-drawing 'tests' or techniques have been mainly concerned with personality or psychological assessments and sometimes with intelligence testing since Charles Koch first began his work in this field in the early forties. Sandra Michel in "The Tree Test", translated by T . Brown, (unpublished paper), Tomatis Centre (Scarbrough, Ontario, 1980) discusses a Tree-drawing scale that indicates both the developmental level of the child's language ability and his/her motivation towards dialogue and communication at this level. To test this hypothesis a sample of 1094 Tree-drawings was used. The drawings were done by Primary School children of both sexes from Sub. A. to Std . 5, collected over four years of research. These drawings were studied to see if the Tree scale of drawings described by Michel did in fact occur and if they occurred in the sequence she suggests. As a result of these preliminary investigations a developmental scale was devised and proposed as a refinement of Michel's scale. Scores from these two Tree-scales were correlated with English language scores using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and the Spearman Rank techniques. The sample for this correlation study was a group of 54 Std. 5 pupils whose English language ability was evaluated by (i) a school English Examination mark, (ii) a Questionnaire scoring receptive and expressive language behaviours and (iii) Verbal I.Q. scores. The positive correlation between these language scores and the Tree-drawing projective test scores are discussed and the implications for English language teaching and suggestions for further research mentioned.


Two rhodamine B-based fluorescent probes, BOS1 and BOS2, were designed and synthesized with good yields via the condensation reactions between the o-diaminobenzene modified rhodamine core structure (RBO) and salicylaldehyde derivatives. Both the probes exhibited remarkable absorbance-on and fluorescence-on responses to Al3+ over other metal ions in ethanol–water (1 : 9, v/v) medium via the rhodamine ring-opening approach, which can be used for "naked-eye" Al3+ detection over a broad pH range (5–9). The fluorescence intensities of the probes were linear with the Al3+ ion concentration, resulting in a low limit of detection of 1.839 μM (BOS1) and 1.374 μM (BOS2) for Al3+. In addition, the MTT assays and cell imaging experiments of Al3+ in SGC-7901 living cells demonstrated that the probes had negligible cytotoxicity, and were cell permeable and suitable for sensing Al3+ in biological systems.


Leading Regge trajectories of baryons and exotic hadrons are studied in the quark-string model. Boundary conditions at the string end point and the junction provide a simple topological rule on the configuration of hadron structure and also provide a relationship between the asymptotic Regge slope and the hadron structure. The center of mass of the string is shown to play a special role in classical solutions. The quark-diquark type of the baryon is absent in our formalism.


Pycnomerus italicus (Ganglbauer, 1899) (Coleoptera: Zopheridae), a saproxylic beetle endemic to Italy, is listed as "endangered" in the Red List of Italian Saproxylic Beetles. In 2021, during an entomological survey, 49 adults of this species were found in the Riserva Naturale Biogenetica Marchesale, Calabria, Southern Italy. The species was found in medium and high-quality habitats where a large number of fallen trunks of Abies alba Mill. 1759 (Pinales: Pinaceae) were present. On the same decaying trunks where P. italicus was found, larvae and/or adults of other three species of saproxylic beetles were detected. Although most aspects of the biology and ecology of P. italicus are still unknown, the presence of this endemic species in the Riserva Naturale Biogenetica Marchesale is interesting because this reserve and other humid forest environments in Southern Italy could be relevant refuges not only for this species but also for other endangered saproxylic beetles. These areas should be protected with appropriate forest-management techniques.


In the framework of the skyrme gauge SU(2) model, closed chiral strings (vortices) are considered, whose closure radius a is considered large in comparison with the characteristic size of the vortex determined by the parameters of the model. In this approximation, it is possible to find the chiral and gauge fields inside the vortex, estimate its radius and energy as functions of the topological charge Q.


National reports—The movement toward the patient-centered medical-home model has gained rapid momentum over the past year, marked by several watershed events.


We review the state-of-the-art performance of interband cascade lasers emitting in the 3-5 μm spectral band and discuss the prospects for future improvements. New five-stage designs produce a combination of pulsed roomtemperature threshold current densities of 400-500 A/cm2 and internal losses as low as ≈ 6 cm-1 for broad-area devices. A 4.4-μm-wide ridge fabricated from one of these wafers and emitting at 3.7 μm lased cw to 335 K, which is the highest cw operating temperature for any semiconductor laser in the 3.0-4.6 μm spectral range. A 10-μm-wide ridge with high-reflection and anti-reflection facet coatings produced up to 59 mW of cw power at 298 K, and displayed a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 3.4%. Corrugated-sidewall distributed-feedback lasers from similar material produce 45 mW of cw power in a single spectral mode at -20°C, with maximum wall-plug efficiency of 7.6%. The current tuning range for temperatures between 0 and 25°C is ≥11 nm.


This paper is concerned with the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quasi-periodic forcing under periodic boundary conditions iut + uxx + i(B + g(βt))(f(|u|)u)x = 0, x ∈ T := R/2πZ. Assume that the frequency vector β is co-linear with a fixed Diophantine vector β̄ ∈ Rm, that is, β = λβ̄, λ ∈ [1/2, 3/2]. We show that above equation possesses a Cantorian branch of invariant n–tori and exists many smooth quasiperiodic solutions with (m+n) non-resonance frequencies (λβ̄, ω∗). The proof is based on a Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) iterative procedure for quasiperiodically unbounded vector fields and partial Birkhoff normal form.


In the last two decades the liability of Public Administration in Italy has been the centre of radical transformations promoted by the European system. From a situation of broad immunities, the formal equalization was achieved of Public Administration's liability to that of private citizens. Nevertheless, the full liability of the Administration is having a difficult time being asserted in the courts' decisions, which are actually creating new areas of immunity, the most important of which concerns discretionary power. Recent legal literature is looking for alternative options based on the principles of risk, solidarity, and equality.


Over the last twenty years there has been a progressive improvement in the fermentation methods employed by the cider industry. The mixed microfiora, typical of traditional cider making and derived in the main from the processing equipment, was first controlled by the rational addition of sulphur dioxide to the juice. This, together with the maintenance of a rigorous standard of hygiene in the pressing equipment, led to the need for pure yeast cultures. The process has been further improved by the increasing adoption of fermenting vessels made with impervious surfaces and the use of sterile concentrated juice which can be stored until required for dilution and fermentation.

These changes have been based largely upon chemical, biochemical and microbiological research into all aspects of the process. Future research is directed towards the control of the flavour of the final cider.


Embedding and retrieving have an extensive scope of applications in the medical field. This method is worthwhile in strengthening the particulars of patients from the trespasser with prime storage capacity. The medical images of different modalities along with Patient Medical Image (PMI) can be conveyed to the medical practitioner across the globe for the opinion. Owing to the bandwidth and storage restraint, medical images must be compressed prior to the transference and storage. This paper presents a novel method for fusion-based embedding and retrieving by using Modified Complex Contourlet Transform (MCCT) and Modified Grey Wolf Optimisation (MGWO). It also determines the compression method by using Complex Contourlet Transform (CCT). Hence, this paper suggests that the fusion-based embedding and retrieving technique based on MCCT and MGWO is providing better hiding capacity. The improved values of compression ratio (CR), space saving (SS), mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) show that the new novel method fulfils the properties of the embedding and retrieving technique.


The uncertainty and risk posed by new, more and more comprehensive technological changes threaten the ability of innovative and intensive industries to realize the grow of return on invested capital. Automotive industry, information and software companies and pharmaceutical companies are at the forefront of the investments in R&D expensive. This reflects on the increased prudence of investors and their turn to safest industries which offer more prospective opportunities for higher profits. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to point out on the example of car companies the importance of understanding the need to maximize return on invested capital. The research carried out was based on the assumption that the race for new innovative investments slows down the profitability of the auto industry. In order to prove this hypothesis, the paper analyzes how the growth of R & D costs in the five largest car companies is maintained on the movement of the rate of return on capital, and on other business performances.The analysis included exclusively large car companies, that is, those that are the leader in the level of realized income, net profit, capital values and market prices. These companies are also leading the level of investment in research and development, which from the standpoint of the subject of this work contributed to the representativity of the research sample. The obtained results confirmed the initial hypothesis based on the assumption that a high level of R & D costs slows the profitability of the car company. This is verified by comparing the regression correlation values obtained between the observed research costs, as independent variables and the value of the realized income, gross margin, ebits margins, net margins and ROICs, as dependent variablesThe obtained results showed that the high level of ultraviation in new technologies has a positive effect on the growth of revenues, gross profit, ebits and net margins in the auto industry, but slowing the growth of profitability of this significant economic branch. An additional analysis related to determining the impact of R & D costs on the movement the rates of return on invested capital in selected pharmaceutical and information companies, which are also characteristic of large R & D investments. This comparison has confirmed that the cost of research and development investment is the most burdensome for the auto industry, as the information sector and the pharmaceutical industry, despite large investments, have relatively high returns on invested capital.


In this article, after a brief overview about the interim measures, the author examines the matter of the Emergency Arbitrator provisions by comparing six sets of rules among famous arbitral institutions. In particular, the article deals with procedures of application, appointment and decision. The article also deals with the issue of recognition and enforcement of an Emergency Arbitrator's decision. The author underlines that more and more arbitral institution are adopting provision about the Emergency Arbitrator.


This question was put to the Italian voters in a referendum held at the same time as the elections to the European Parliament in June 1989. It clearly suggests that we move on from the idea of economic integration to that of political integration, in accordance with the dreams of the founding fathers who signed the Treaty of Rome. This political integration is on the way to becoming a reality thanks to the interplay of several factors: the emergence of a common European identity, especially among young people less traumatised by the past; the growing awareness that only a united Europe will have the size and the strength to be a credible interlocutor on an international stage dominated by the United States, the Soviet Union and Japan; and lastly the actual progress towards economic integration. A new system of law is therefore destined to develop in the context of a united Europe as a political entity, while another system of law is already emerging to permit the creation of Europe as an economic entity. A knowledge of this growing body of law and how it is evolving, its standards and training procedures is a prerequisite for understanding what its contents and study methods will need to be.


e12021 Background: Skin metastases (SM) occur in 20% of metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Clinical trials rarely describe them, even if they affect quality of life and self-perception of the disease. Eribulin (E) is a new drug, approved in mBC, after at least 2 lines of chemotherapy. The aim of this survey is to evaluate the activity of E treatment on SM compared to other metastatic sites, and on cutaneous symptoms (pain, infiltration, bleeding, smell, ulceration). Methods: This multicenter survey was conducted from November 2012 to January 2013 in 14 Italian Cancer Centers. Oncologists completed a database with patient (pts), tumor and treatment characteristics. Descriptive summary statistics were applied. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated according to Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 109 pts with mBC on E treatment were considered. 23/109 (21%) pts with SM were identified and analyzed. E was started between January 2012 and October 2012. Median age 63 (31-81). Prior chemotherapy lines: 4 (1-10)....


It is the entail for the college students erect the correct political awareness from the implantation of the socialistic enlightened in the constitution lesson. It exhibits the hardly course of the construction of political enlightened in our country from the historical development of the Constitution Law? It prominences our excellence effort of the political enlightened from the concrete content of the Constitution Lesson? It emphasis the important acceptation of the socialistic political enlightened from the preservation the dignity of the Constitution law.


Background: A higher circulating bilirubin, as an antioxidant, has been shown to be associated with a lower risk of cardiometabolic traits/diseases. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association of serum bilirubin and the most highly associated variant in UGT1A1 locus (rs6742078) with the risk of future diabetes in the community. We performed a mendelian randomisation approach to examine the hypothesis that the association of serum bilirubin with diabetes is causal.

Methods: We performed prospective cohort analysis in 3,381 participants free of diabetes (aged 28-75 years; women 52.6%) from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study in Groningen, the Netherlands. We genotyped the variant rs6742078 within the gene region encoding hepatic enzyme, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 (UGT1A1). We examined the association of serum bilirubin and the variant rs6742078 with risk of diabetes in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model for the KORA clinical diabetes score including data on age, sex, BMI, smoking, hypertension, family history of diabetes and glucose. Using rs6742078 allele as an instrument variable in mendelian randomization approach, the expected risk of diabetes per 1-SD increase in log-transformed bilirubin levels was calculated as: exp (ln(OR diabetes-genotupe)/ s coefficient bilirubin-genotype)).

Results: A total of 210 (6.2%) participants developed diabetes during a median follow-up of 7.8 years. Bilirubin level was strongly associated with rs6742078, -0.68 SD change in log-transformed level with each copy of risk allele (P< 1×10 -122). In multivariable-adjusted model, we observed a 44% (OR=1.44, 95%CI, 1.11-1.86; P=0.006) higher risk of incident diabetes with each copy of risk allele. In multivariable-adjusted model, we observed a 25% (OR=0.75, 95%CI, 0.62-0.92; P=0.004) lower risk of incident diabetes per 1-SD increase in log-transformed bilirubin levels. In mendelian randomization approach, the expected risk of diabetes was 22.2% lower per 1-SD increase of log-transformed bilirubin levels. We observed no associations between confounders and the variant rs6742078.

Conclusions: Both serum bilirubin and the variant rs6742078 in UGT1A1 locus are strongly associated with the risk of developing diabetes. Based on our findings, it seems that bilirubin signalling may have causal role in the development of diabetes. Further studies are warranted to confirm this and translate into practice, such as early screening and prevention.


Objective:To determine the content of the thiomersal in alcoholic solution.Methods:Ultraviolet spectrometry was used with the detection wavelength of 248nm.Results: The calibration was linear in the range of 20μg/mL-60μg/mL (r=0.9999)for thiomersal.The recoveries and relative standard deviations of the method were 100.3%,0.73% respepectively.Conclusion:The method had a good accuracy, precision and reproducibility.It can be used for the quality control of thiomersal in alcoholic solution.


s, which financed summaries in the form of abstracts of Polish chemical and biochemical research, thus adding to the disemination of information about Polish accomplishments. Much interest was aroused by the work of Professor Shugar's group published in our journal, which raised our index of citations. Also appearing in the journal was the work of world known biochemists, such as H. von Euler, P. Karlson, S. Ochoa, and K. Mothes. When Professor Mochnacka took over the function of editor-in-chief of the journal, her deputy in the years 1968–1971 was K. Be3?ecka. This latter function was taken over by myself in 1971. The editorial office owes a debt of gratitude to Anna Olszanska, a close collaborator of Professor Mochnacka with whom contact still remains active. Professor Mochnacka followed the same principles in conducting the journal as laid down together with Professor Mozo3owski. She continued to edit the journal into the last years of her life with the same accuracy and sense of mission toward Polish authors. After her death in 1979, I followed the principles on which the journal was based from its inception. The expanded scope of the subject matter on which submitted papers were based, as well as maintenance of a high standard, demanded more editors. It was accepted that two reviewers would evaluate each submitted paper. A new broadened Editorial Advisory Board was called into existence. At the same time, higher quality of paper, better graphic design, and deadlines for issuing the numbers of the journal were demanded. Holding to these deadlines turned out to be impossible during the period of martial law (1981). Censorship of all journals, including scientific ones, was then in force. Although these stricXIV K. Raczynska-Bojanowska 2003


Fullerenes are a new class of compounds with potential uses in biology and medicine but little is known about their interaction with biological systems. Fullerenes were reported to be pro- or anti-oxidants depending on their structure or on experimental conditions. This work presents the effects of dendrofullerene, a water soluble derivative of C60, on model biological systems from both perspectives. The relative importance of type I and type II mechanisms involved in the production of the reactive forms of oxygen leading to inhibition of GST activity was studied using dendrofullerene, white light and the quenching agents. The addition of mannitol or superoxide dismutase, known quenchers of the type I mechanism had no effect on the rate of GST inactivation. Significant inhibition of the inactivation provided by the dendrofullerene was observed on addition of tryptophan, a known quencher of the type II mechanism. Activity towards the basic enzymatic system cytochrome P-450 has also been investigated and at a concentration of 250 μM dendrofullerene exhibits selective inhibition of progesterone metabolism which is attributed to the fullerene moiety rather than the dendritic chain.


In this paper, the ideas from bestselling books and manifestos and their lessons on International Economic Geography are used. Stock is taken of the contributions of the so-called New Economic Geography and their relationship with the best sellers in economy. Attempts have been made to highlight the innovations and updates in Economic Geography encouraged by authors in vogue in economy. After using a selection method taking into account criteria of electronic sale and media interest, three of them have been chosen due to their influence and subject of interest for Economic Geography on a global scale. Finally, conclusions have been drawn about the environment, the landscape and the spatial planning. In any case, there is a common denominator in the reading of these texts: the growing role of territorial and social inequalities in the world, the importance of the institutional quality in their interpretation and, in general, the need for communication between social sciences to understand what happens, beyond the formal sophisticated and unreal apparatus of an economistic nature which are wrongly considered scientific objects in themselves.


This paper reports on the findings of a multiple case study to show how 3 women constructed meaning around the processes of L2 learning and migration and (re)constructed identities through their participation in new communities of practice (CoPs). Data sources include formal classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and the participants' self-designed photo narratives, which were presented orally, then digitally recorded and transcribed for analysis. The findings that emerged across these women's cases illustrate how gendered identities are constructed and (re)negotiated as learners discursively interact with a range of socially and culturally embedded narratives. The author aims to show how, through multimodal L2 narratives, the women engaged in an interpretive practice that allowed them to construct empowered L2 identities and understand the disruptions and conflicts they encountered as spaces for positive change.


Two new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl dimers containing the large planar aromatic bridging ligands 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c:3' ',2''-l:2''',3'''-n]pentacene (tatpp) and 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c:3'',2' '-l:2''',3'''-n]pentacene-10,21-quinone (tatpq) have been synthesized and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, MALDI mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. The electronic properties (UV-vis, redox, photophysical) of these dimers are analyzed in the context of orbital calculations (PM3 level) on the bridging ligands. A localized orbital model is proposed in which low-lying acceptor orbitals on the center portion of the ligands effectively quench the Ru(II)-based MLCT emission via a mechanism that can be viewed as intramolecular electron transfer to specific subunits of the bridges.


Organic matter digestibility (OMD) is determined from the proportion of indigestible cell wall (ICW) in the total plant organic matter. To improve understanding of processes governing the proportion of ICW, plant morphological development, and leaf composition and digestibility were studied for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). Since grass is usually grown in swards, a comparison was made between spaced and sward grown plants. The time course of ICW accumulation in individual leaves on the main stem (MS) could be described by a negative exponential saturation curve. Remarkably, the curvature and the asymptotic ICW as a proportion of total leaf cell wall mass were the same for all leaves in both the spaced and the sward plants. Under both conditions, leaves consecutively formed on the MS had lower cell wall digestibility (CWD) at leaf appearance and lower rate of CWD decline during ageing, which could be explained from the longer period between the estimated start of ICW formation and the moment of leaf appearance. The higher cell wall content for consecutively formed leaves and for leaves of the sward plants enhanced the effect of lower CWD on OMD at leaf appearance, but counteracted the lower CWD decline rate, so that all leaves had the same rate of OMD decline with age. The observed trends clearly demonstrate the close link between morphological development and leaf composition and digestibility.


Long-term effects of structures on the beach erosion control were investigated in Nankoku Beach, Kochi Coast Japan, from the viewpoint of sediment balance. Monobe River is the main sediment source to the beach though three dams decrease the sediment supply. Construction of 52 detached breakwaters was started in 1973 to prevent beach erosion and completed in 1997. One artificial reef was also constructed in 1999. In this study we looked at the long-term coastal protection effects of detached breakwaters on Nankoku Beach from the viewpoint of shoreline changes and sand movement, based on actual measurements such as work records, aerial photographs, surveying results and grain diameter surveys. Effects of the structure were analyzed by the profile data. Results show deposition on the landward side and erosion on the seaward side. It is concluded that breakwaters are effective and decrease long shore transport for the prevention of shoreline retreat though the construction started from up-drift side.


A Paley type inequality for the Fourier transform on $H^p(H^n);$ the Hardy space on the Heisenberg group, is obtained for $0 < p \leq 1.$


In January 1941 the Blood Transfusion Association 1 concluded its project in supplying blood plasma to England. This work, carried on in cooperation with the New York chapter of the American Red Cross and subsequently with the assistance of the Brooklyn chapter, was performed almost exclusively by volunteers in nine hospitals in New York and dealt with 17,000 donors during the period August 1940 to January 1941. This was the first time in the history of the country that the procurement of blood was carried on in such a large scale. It was apparent that not only had considerable material aid been given to Great Britain but the knowledge gained in the operation of this project would be invaluable in case of a national emergency in this country. In February 1941, to fulfil the request of the surgeon generals of the Army and Navy of the United States for 15,000


RPC-5 chromatography was used to examine the phen ylalanyl transfer RNA (Phe-tANA) of 25 normal rat and mouse tissues including adult, fetal, and regenerating liven; whole embryos; and other adult organs. Only a single major isoaccepting Phe-tRNA was found in every case. Phe tRNA's from 25 transplantable rat tumors and 33 transplant able mouse tumors were similarly examined. Seventeen rat tumors and 10 mouse tumors, of a wide spectrum of histological types, were found to have an additional, tumor associated Phe-tRNA isoacceptor. This tumor-associated Phe-tRNA was not found in the livers of animals bearing tumors that contained this isoacceptor. Differences in chro matographic behavior between the rat and mouse tumor associated Phe-tRNA's strongly suggest that they have different structures. Our data suggest that these differences result from different degrees of incompleteness of posttran scniptional modification, most likely at the normally very hypermodified Wye (formerly called Y) base.


A 31-year-old man with no past medical history presented with a 4-month history of worsening pain and swelling along his right medial thigh and calf. Initially, he presented following a mild ankle sprain which was quickly followed by intense erythema and swelling along the medial lower leg with rapid progression in a proximal and medial direction. He denied recent medical procedures or illicit injection drug use. He was treated in the emergency room with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ultimately two separate rounds of antibiotics. A venous duplex demonstrated the absence of deep vein thrombosis but suggested thickening of his right great saphenous vein without evidence of thrombosis. His pain and swelling eventually waned but the significant scarring and disfigurement persisted. Physical exam demonstrated a well-circumscribed, pink, sclerotic, firm, non-tender, raised plaque in a linear distribution along the medial calf and thigh, with noticeable alopecia (Panel A). Pertinent laboratory analysis included complete blood count, complete metabolic panel, ESR, CRP, ANA, RF, C-ANCA, P-ANCA, and hepatitis viral serologies, all of which were within normal limits. A repeat venous duplex demonstrated no evidence of acute or chronic deep or superficial thrombophlebitis. Dermatologic consultation was sought for a clinical suspicion of morphea, given the unusual presentation and lack of evidence for a primary vascular etiology. Panel B demonstrates a microscopic specimen of the biopsy showing both superficial and deep lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (small arrow) and diffuse dermal sclerosis (large arrow; hematoxylin and eosin, ×200). Magnified views also demonstrate perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (Panel C: arrow; hematoxylin and eosin, ×400). These features and his clinical presentation are consistent with morphea, or localized scleroderma. Morphea is a relatively uncommon dermatologic disorder associated with inflammatory sclerosis involving the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin but can extend deeper and may even involve tendons. The etiology is not entirely understood but potential triggers may include Linear morphea masquerading as superficial thrombophlebitis


The term "utilitarianism" in English translates into Chinese as gongli zhuyi. When Liang Qichao and Hu Shi first imported the concept of utilitarianism into the study of Mohist thought, the term was initially translated as shili zhuyi or leli zhuyi. The use of gongli zhuyi in Mohist studies was established only through the efforts of Yan Fu and Wu Yu to break down the negative connotations of gongli in traditional Chinese culture and through the systematic research and scholarly influence of Feng Youlan. The study of Mohist thought within the framework of utilitarianism as gongli zhuyi is now common practice throughout academia with few scholars objecting to the use of this term.


The web is littered with millions of links which previously worked but no longer do. When users encounter any such broken link, they resort to looking up an archived copy of the linked page. But, for a sizeable fraction of these broken links, no archived copies exist. Even if a copy exists, it often poorly approximates the original page, e.g., any functionality on the page which requires the client browser to communicate with the page's backend servers will not work, and even the latest copy will be missing updates made to the page's content after that copy was captured. To address this situation, we observe that broken links are often merely a result of website reorganizations; the linked page still exists on the same site, albeit at a different URL. Therefore, given a broken link, our system FABLE attempts to find the linked page's new URL by learning and exploiting the pattern in how the old URLs for other pages on the same site have transformed to their new URLs. We show that our approach is significantly more accurate and efficient than prior approaches which rely on stability in page content over time. FABLE increases the fraction of dead links for which the corresponding new URLs can be found by 50%, while reducing the median delay incurred in identifying the new URL for a broken link from over 40 seconds to less than 10 seconds.


Objective
To investigate the extent of cross-education between the pronation and supination muscles of the right and left forearms after unilateral isometric training.

Methods
Twenty healthy young girls were randomized into a training group and a control group using a random number table. The training group underwent isometric training of their right forearms for six weeks, while the control group continued ordinary life without exercises. Pronation peak torque (PPT) and supination peak torque (SPT) were assessed before and after the training for both groups.

Results
The differences in PPT or SPT between the training group and the control group were not significant before the training program. When the training had been completed, however, the average PPT and SPT on right side of those trained of course had increased significantly compared to before training or to the control group. More significantly, the average PPT and SPT on the left side in the training group were also significantly better than before training or in the control group after training.

Conclusion
Unilateral isometric training of the forearm pronation and supination muscles for six weeks can significantly increase muscle strength bilaterally, indicating good cross-education.

Key words:
Cross-education; Maximum voluntary contraction; Strength training


Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. The damage progression has recently been suggested to involve decreased kidney oxygenation as a result of increased oxygen consumption. Furthermore, endothelin A receptors (ETA) are highly related to kidney damage meanwhile endothelin B receptors (ETB) seem to be more protective towards diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study we examined how acute in vivo intrarenal stimulation of ETB affects the progression of kidney damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy.


The sodium heated once-through steam generator (OTSG) is a vital barrier separating sodium and the water loop in the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). In view of the timeliness requirement of OTSG operation performance evaluation, Fortran95 programming language is used to optimize and improve the solution algorithm of the home-made transient analysis code, named TCOSS, for SFR sodium heated OTSG, which is modified into the JFNK algorithm for solving large sparse nonlinear matrices. It includes a matrix preconditioning module, a Krylov subspace formation module, a GMRES algorithm module and an inexact Newton iteration module. The correctness and efficiency of the algorithm model were verified using benchmarks such as the B1-B transient, ETEC shutdown experiments and seven-tube prototype experiments. The calculation speed was increased by more than four times.


The academic circles of art history has looked back and forecasted about the entire Korean art history many times. The field of ceramic history has been estimated in this process. This paper intends to examine and valuate "art history and crafts" which is the great theme of the 18th Korean Association of Art History Education through the limited subject, research of Joseon white porcelain. Japanese started the research on the Joseon white porcelain before Korea's liberation. At first, the research was about sentimental interests of the antiques and tea utensils. Later it advanced to the trial to understand the substantial beauty of Korea. Korean scholars studied Joseon white porcelain after 1960s. They are not professional porcelain historians but handicrafts men and institutional historians. Their main research based on plenty of data was how the governmental kilns were managed institutionally. The study of white porcelain was regularized by porcelain historians in 1980s. Various kinds of kiln sites were unearthed and investigated at thar time. The main concerns of the researchers were the foundation year of governmental kilns, characteristics of porcelain from governmental kilns. In 1990s, the period of increasing young researchers, a number of masters and doctors researched the white porcelain, and they published academic magazines of those works. The propensity to study tended to widen for the growth of kiln investigation, interest of kiln structure and comparison of unearthed remains. Generation of the researchers and the field of research has changed for local kilns rather than governmental kilns after 2000s. Reconsidering of study on the Joseon white porcelain, we can see that focus of study moved from interest of antiques and tea utensils to governmental kilns and local kilns. The research methodology has turned from aesthetics to institutions or operations, and it developed to foundation year of kilns or the style of the porcelain. Those accomplishment is about the visible consequences. The essential subject is the social, cultural background of production of the porcelain. To understand Joseon porcelain culture ultimately, the study should be diverse and various beyond years and styles. Approaching history of life, comprehending remains, diplomatic situations, scientific research and the statistics make it possible to estimate whole porcelain in depth.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for adjusting the temperature of at least one component of the electromechanical disposed within an automobile (13). Gear device disposed within the vehicle (12) is adapted to be cooled by a gear system oil through the gear device for the cooling circuit (10) in (14), components of the electromechanical (13) are cooling circuit branch portion in order to adjust the temperature (11) is provided. Gear unit oil (14) is adapted to flow through the cooling circuit branch section (11) also. Flow of the cooling circuit branch portion (11) of the gearing oil (14), in order to adjust the temperature of the electromechanical components 13, the target operating temperature of the components of the electromechanical (13) (T_Soll ) and / or depending on the actual operating temperature (T_Ist) it is adapted to be adjusted.


Both quantitative and qualitative expert investigation tables were designed in the paper.The expert investigation system in region study was established based on this. Some examples were given for the application of the system, in Wuxi food development research, which justified the " Evaluation system of preferable developmental areas on food resource in Wuxi.


. Simultaneous mass transfer of ammonia and water through a gas membrane supported by a flat depth polymer filter using temperature difference between the feed and stripping solutions was studied. The use of a perchlorovinyl layer as a hydrophobic support for the gas membrane at increased temperatures was evaluated.


The goal of this investigation is to ascertain how peer education about bone health affects students' knowledge. A one-group pre-test-post-test design was used in the pre-experimental study design. Twenty-nine students were chosen as the sample for this study using a straightforward random sampling procedure. 27 questions about bone health were included in the questionnaire that served as the study tool. The t-test statistical test was used for univariate and bivariate data analysis. According to the findings, there was a significant difference in knowledge between the two time periods before and after the peer education intervention for bone health (p-value = 0.000). The obtained beta squared value was 0.89, which indicated that peer education interventions for bone health had a significant impact on knowledge growth. A similar study will be conducted in the future to assess attitudes and behavior, as well as the presence of a control group.


558. [A. i.] The Rule of Signs for a Product : the Completed Multiplication Table. In the course of a discussion, at the Durham Summer Course of Mathematical Teachers, on the Rules of Signs and methods of teaching them, I was rather surprised to find that the following method of obtaining the rules for multiplication of directed numbers was almost unknown to those present, and was quite unknown in its complete form. It does not seem to have appeared in print, and Professor Milne has suggested that I should send it to the Gazette. The essence of the method is simply that the multiplication table is fundamentally built up by repeated addition, the multiplicand being added at'each step to obtain the successive products, thus: 2 x 1 = 2 , 2 x 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 , 2 x3 =4+2 =6, etc. Conversely, of course, if any product is given those that have gone before can be obtained by subtraction; thus, if 13x12=156, 13x11=156-13 = 143, etc. The multiplication table can therefore be written in the following compact form, each product being obtained as above :


The research to observe the influence of hydrolysis time towards the degree of crystallinity owned by oil palm wood (Elais guinensis Jack) based cellulose and α–cellulose had been conducted. Cellulose was extracted from oil palm wood by means of alkali treatment as the first stage then it was bleached with NaOCl 5%~, 10 drops of CH3COOH glacial, and heated 70°C while stirred for an hour. The residue was added with HNO3 0,05N at 70°C while stirred for an hour to produced cellulose. After dissolved into NaOH 17,5%, cellulose will yield a-cellulose and then it was hydrolized by HCl 2N for 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Functional group analysis using FT-IR showed the functional group of O-H, C-H, and C-O-C in the molecules of cellulose and α–cellulose. Degree of crystallinity from cellulose and α–cellulose were analyzed using x-ray diffraction. The highest degree of crystallinity of cellulose and α – cellulose are 79,538 % and 80,036 % respectively for 40 minutes hydrolysis time.


Abstract The reel-lay method is one of the most effective procedures for installing submarine pipelines. During the reel-lay installation process, pipelines are subjected to large-scale plastic strain because of cyclic bending/straightening processes. Thus, mechanical tests must be carried out to assess the effect of large-scale pre-strain on the girth weld of pipelines after cyclic bending/straightening processes. Tensile tests were performed on weld metals, the results showed that a slight increase in tensile and yield strength were caused by a pre-strain of 2.709 % (maximum strain region). A single-edged notched tension (SENT) specimen was examined via the unloading compliance method to evaluate the fracture toughness for the base metal, weld metal and HAZ. The fracture toughness test results showed that the weld metal exhibited the lowest fracture toughness followed by the base metal and HAZ. The fracture toughness of the base metal, the weld metal and HAZ all decreased after the cyclic bending/straightening with a pre-strain of 2.709 %.


This paper develops a North-South product cycle model in which innovation, imitation, and the ‡ow of FDI are all endogenously determined. In the model, a strengthening of IPR protection in the South reduces the rate of imitation and it increases the ‡ow of FDI. Indeed, the increase in FDI more than o¤sets the decline in the extent of production undertaken by Southern imitators so that the South's share of the global basket of goods increases. Furthermore , while multinationals charge higher prices than Southern imitators, real wages of Southern workers increase while those of Northern workers fall. Parts of this paper were written during my visit to the Stanford Center for International Development, Palo Alto, CA. I am grateful to the Center's Director Nicholas Hope, its a¢ liated researchers, and the associated administrative sta¤ for providing me with an excellent research environment.


Many complex fluids are only available in tiny quantities or used in confined regions. The task of measuring their rheological properties is then a challenge. Here we present a method showing how the viscosity of very small volumes of ferrofluid may be measured using immersed nonmagnetic spherical microparticles. In the suspension these act as magnetic holes in the ferrofluid which may be manipulated by external magnetic fields. When the effects of nearby walls as well as other spheres are taken into account, the results are consistent with viscosity values reported from standard bulk measurement techniques.


In this study, patterns of analgesic use among persons with headache in the general Swedish population were analyzed in association with health factors, health care utilization, sociodemographic factors, and life‐style.


Lumpy skin disease is characterized by its signs including eruptive, infectious and occasionally causing death to affected animals. It is caused by the family Poxviridea and genus Capripox with a strain of Neethling virus, a double stranded DNA virus. LSD clinical signs are mainly observed on skin as nodules (0.5 to 5 cm in diameter) throughout the skin surface or subcutaneous tissue involving superficial lymph nodes. Diagnosis of CaPV is based upon clinical signs with laboratory confirmation by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Field diagnosis of LSD is often based on characteristic clinical signs of the disease. However, mild and subclinical forms require rapid and reliable laboratory testing to confirm diagnosis. Isolation of virus can be made from collected biopsy or at post-mortem from skin nodules, lung lesions or lymph nodes within the first week of the occurrence of clinical signs, before the development of neutralizing antibodies. There are different methods to detect LSD virus antibody from blood samples. These are serum neutralization test (SNT), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. LSD as a member of CaPVs, it has a single serotype, do not cause persistent infection, have a limited host range and vaccines are available that may provide long term immunity. These attributes increase the prospect of successfully implementing regional control programs, leading to the elimination of the virus and conceivably global eradication.


The invention provides seven spiro heterocyclic terpenoid compounds which adopt novel structures and are obtained from ganoderma lucidum as well as pharmaceutical composition, preparation methods and applications thereof to preparation of drugs for treating diabetic nephropathy or chronic nephropathy or health-care food. The compounds have significant effect on inhibition of production of active oxygen by high-glucose-induced rat mesangial cell strains, and oxidative stress commonly exists in the chronic nephropathy, so that application prospects of the compounds in the drugs for the chronic nephropathy are prompted.


In recent times, with the trend of international extensive cooperation, prestigious organizations in the world such as OECD, World Bank, and Basel Committee... as well as other countries are trying to develop regulations and principles on corporate governance for banks. Based on studying international practices and assessing the current legal situation in Vietnam, the article makes recommendations to improve the law on corporate governance for banks in Vietnam according to international practices.