For system-based auditing to work effectively the auditor will like to rely on internal controls to reduce the volume of substantive testing. It is therefore important for the auditor to examine the internal control practice and procedures that are in place in the client's business. Where weaknesses are revealed, the auditor recommends ways of improving the systems. This research examines the relationship between some components (risk assessment, control environment and control activate) of internal control systems and the effectiveness of audit program in prudential bank Weija branch. The study exploited information by the help of both primary and secondary data from questionnaires and interview schedules. However, the purposive method of sampling was used in this research work. In all 10 respondents were sampled from the fifty (50) respondents under review. The data captured in this study, was analyzed and interpreted through descriptive method by the help of frequency tables, graphical presentation and tables. Based on the investigations carried, the internal control system was seen to be significant in detection of fraud in banks in Ghana; there is therefore the need for an effective and acceptable internal control structure in banking organizations. It was therefore recommended that Prudential Bank Limited set up internal audit units at their various branches all over the country, so that there shall always be internal audit personnel to ensure adherence to the internal controls that exist in the organization. In view of this, the internal audit personnel should also be revolved at regular intermissions to prevent any form of professional misconducts. SJIF Impact Factor: 6.260| ISI I.F.Value:1.241 Volume: 4 | Issue: 12 | December | 2019 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online) EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Peer Reviewed Journal ______|EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) |ISSN:2455-7838 (Online) | SJIF Impact Factor: 6.260| ISI I.F.Value:1.241|_________ | Volume: 4 | Issue: 12 | December| 2019 Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2016 | www.eprajournals.com |52 | 1.0 INTRODUCTION How extensive should a company"s internal control structure be? In today"s state of affairs, this is a challenging question to answer. The reason being that some current business, legal, and social trends suggest that companies precondition to intensify their emphasis on internal control, while other trends designate just the reverse. Bank failures and widespread losses in this globalized world have elevated the importance of effective internal control within the formal financial sector worldwide. In the United States for instance, Bank catastrophes rose over 200 percent in the 1980s as a result of fraud and mismanagement. Internationally, the collapse of Barings Bank and Yamaichi Securities further highlighted the financial sector"s attention on internal control systems in banking organizations. The Basel Committee carried out investigations on the causes of these losses and concluded that they probably might have been avoided if the Bank had put effective and efficient internal control systems in place (Banking regulatory and auditing guide). As part of its on-going effort to control fraudulent activities at banks and enhance better supervision through guidance that emboldens effective risk management practices, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervisory issued a basic conceptual structure to strengthen internal control systems. A system of effective internal controls is a major component of bank management and the bases for the safe and sound operation of banking organizations. A strong internal control system will result in the achievement of goals and objectives of a banking organization, that the bank will achieve longterm profitability targets, and maintain realistic financial and managerial reporting. It will also help to ensure that the bank adhere to laws and regulations as well internal rules and procedures, and decrease the policies, plans, and activities that brings about unexpected losses or impairment of the bank"s reputation. Internal control and internal auditing are closely related and it is difficult to separate the two. This is because for system-based auditing to work effectively, the auditor will like to rely on internal controls to reduce the volume of substantive testing. It is therefore important for the auditor to examine the internal control practice and procedures that are in place in the client"s business. Where weaknesses are revealed, the auditor recommends ways of improving the systems. The internal control systems also seek to ensure that pre-audit function which is considered the most critical element in financial control concept are put in place by management through the internal audit unit to ensure that operations are carried out according to plan in order to achieve the overall objectives of the business enterprise. The pre-audit function in the past used to be concerned only with the vetting and passing of payment vouchers. Today the pre-audit function has moved on to includes the operational review of all transactions and offer appropriate technical advice. Auditing and internal controls can be explained from different point of view and perspectives (Cristina, Mariana & Cristina,2010). Internal control can be defined as a process, effected by the actions of board of directors and other organizational structure levels in the firm, designed to provide reasonable assurance towards the achievement of a firm"s objectives, plans and strategies under the related laws, rules, polices and regulations (Domnişoru & Vînătoru, 2008; Li & Wei, 2008). It can also be defined as policies and procedures adopted by the management of an entity to assist in their objective of achieving as far as practicable, the orderly and efficient conduct of business, including adherence to internal policies, the safeguarding of assets, the prevention and detection of fraud and error, the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, and the timely preparation of reliable financial information. Whereas Auditing is defined by ISA as a process, carried out by an appointed qualified person or body, whereby the records and financial statements of an entity are subjected to independent examination in such detail as will enable the auditor form an opinion as to their truth and fairness. Currently, most companies increasingly started to include detailed management reports on the effectiveness and efficiency of internal control systems in their annual corporate reports as an indicator to a good corporate governance practice (Leng& Li, 2011; Saha & Arifuzzaman, 2011). However, the evaluation of internal control system is based mainly on assessing the strength of internal quality control of the intended company on three important areas, including appropriate internal control, insufficient internal control and deficient internal control (Calotă & Iana, 2009). The effectiveness of an organization"s internal control system is generally seen as a prerequisite to the auditing process as it is considered the major indicator of the collection, timing, and the degree to which auditing measures should be applied or restricted (Terrell, 1974). The financial and corporate policy of a company is supported by means of operative internal control systems in which the internal audit has a significant role in raising a reliable internal control system, improving the practice of risk management and above all, satisfying the needs of internal users. And the unnecessary legal tussles that characterizes repayments of bank facilities. Prudential Bank Limited (PBL) was incorporated in (1993). It opened its doors on August 15, 1996 with the first branch in Accra. Prudential bank is a medium-sized bank specializing in meeting ______|EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) |ISSN:2455-7838 (Online) | SJIF Impact Factor: 6.260| ISI I.F.Value:1.241|_________ | Volume: 4 | Issue: 12 | December| 2019 Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2016 | www.eprajournals.com |53 | the banking needs of small and medium-sized businesses as well as those of individuals. The bank has three subsidiary companies-PBL properties Limited, Prudential securities Limited and Prudential Stockbrokers Limited. PBL Properties Limited is engaged in the acquisition and development of banking premises for bank and also management of ancillary staff and facilities. Prudential Securities Limited (PSL) is engaged in fund management, corporate finance and business advisory services. Prudential Stockbrokers Limited is engaged in stockbrokerage, equity and economic research and advisory services. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The banking system in Ghana was established purposely to bring the business of banking to the door steps and make banking easier and comfortable for users all over the country and the international world as well. The banking industry is faced with some crucial challenges due to regularity of fraud and embezzlement of funds thereby creating fear, anxiety, and loss of confidence of bank customers. Also, weakened internal control structure leads to high amount of bank losses. Management is required to set up an internal control system but this system varies from one organization to the next reliant on such features as their size, environment of operation, and objectives. Subsequently internal controls function in an environment which impacts its operation, proper care must be taken in its implementation of these systems in other to achieve the final aim of the bank. This crucial interest in internal control is, in part, a result of significant losses incurred by several banking organization. An analysis of the problems related to these losses proved that they could probably have been evaded had the banks adopted proper internal control measures. Such systems could have been disallowed or enabled earlier


Tourism translation plays a significant role in the publicity-oriented C/E translation.With the text of the brief introduction to the Li Bai Memorial as its case study,the paper analyzes the source text from its translation skopos,its function,its text type and genre convention,further reflects the think-aloud process of the translation strategy,and finally concludes that the tourism translation should be target reader-oriented,with translation variation as its translation strategy,and that the evaluation of tourism translation should be its adequacy for the target communicative purpose instead of its static equivalency.


Climate change may influence hydrogeological processes and groundwater resources directly and indirectly in various modes. Therefore, a systematic planning, management and adaption are challenging task. Considering the importance of climate change impact, the study was to identify the sustainable Groundwater (GW) / Drinking Water (DW) resources potential zones, suitable locations for GW harvesting structures, recommendation for GW quality management and GW extraction methods for Dhubri District of Assam, India and also with emphasis on Non-Covered (NC) and Partially-Covered (PC) habitations in the rural area of Dhubri District. The quality and quantity of GW/DW resources potential of the region is under extreme threat due to frequent flood, drought and population pressure. geographic information system (GIS) and Remote sensing (RS) technology along with on-field investigations were used to achieve the goal. GW availability is controlled by the local hydrogeomorphology, geology and geological structures of the area. Based on these controlling factors the GW resource Potential Zone Maps of the study area were prepared. Well inventorisation was also carried out including depth to water level, water level fluctuation, yield range and well-type, etc. It was found that more than half of the area falls under shallow GW table zone. The GW resource potential zones were successfully delineated based on Weightage Value (WV). The entire study area has been classified into various classes that is, excellent, very good, good, moderate and poor. To enhance and manage the GW resources in this area, GW recharge structures such as check-dams, percolation tanks and recharge-pits were suggested. Various types of GW extraction methods such as, Ring Well (RW), Tube Well(TW), Bore Well(BW) were recommended for this region.


The fundamentals of self-development of municipal entities are studied on the basis of the systems approach. The classification of financial sources for municipal government bodies is presented; it allows indicating the level of financial centralization, the character of monetary-budget policy, and effectiveness of property management


Ever since man became aware of his environment, his curiosity began in acquiring knowledge about life, its origin and form. The eternal unsolved question, whether egg came first or the chicken, remains an enigma for ever. The quest is still continuing. It has been estimated that life began on our planet about two and a half billion years ago. But the question arises, in what form? We might presuppose that life began by transformation of matter, non-living matter into living matter. We might now ask, what is matter?


Due to its compound cross-section, the prediction of the structural response of flexible pipes to loads such as their self-weight, internal and external pressure, movements imposed by the floating system and environmental loads such as currents, waves and wind is quite complex. All these loads generate stresses and strains in the cross section of the pipe that have to be properly evaluated in order to ensure integrity of the line. Research has been done on the local behavior of flexible pipes under combined axisymmetric loads as well as under bending loads. However, there is a lack of research combining both axisymmetric and bending loads, as also in the study of the strains in the tensile amour layers of the pipes, aspects which are important for the calibration of theoretical models to predict such behavior. Based on that, this study aims to evaluate the local behavior of flexible pipes under combinations of axisymmetric (tension, and internal pressure) and bending loads via a series of experimental tests in a 9.13″ I.D pipe. In the experimental tests, the behavior of the pipe was studied for three load combinations: i) bending combined with tension; ii) bending combined with internal pressure; and iii) bending combined with tension and internal pressure. Based on these tests, the authors obtained the strains in the tensile armor layer, axial elongation due to tension, axial reaction forces due to internal pressure, and deflection due to bending. These measurements were used to calibrate a theoretical model devoted to simulate the pipe's response, getting accurate results for stiffness and stresses of the pipe in each scenario.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 4D printing uses thermoplastics to produce artifacts and requires computational analysis to assist its design processes of complex geometries. Previously, finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to simulate 4D printing deformations, and its accuracy has been computationally and experimentally verified. However, using FEA also leads to several limitations, such as geometric approximation error and the computational time-cost due to the high degrees of freedom. To address these issues, this paper introduces isogeometric analysis (IGA) into the deformation simulations and propounds a composite design by hybridizing FEA and IGA elements to reduce the number of degrees of freedom while maintaining the simulation accuracy. Moreover, since the hybrid IGA-FEA method used for modeling 4D printing structure deformation excludes real-time interactivity, we develop a polycube-based random forest regressor machine learning (ML) model to learn the IGA-FEA-based structural mechanics simulations and provide fast deformation predictions. Given the input actuator block distribution and geometry configurations, our well-trained model can predict the residual stress-induced deformation behaviors of mesh-like thermoplastic composite structures. With an error less than 0.11% and computation speed 20 times faster than hybrid IGA-FEA simulations, our model can create real-time (0.93 s) and truthful (99.89% accuracy) results. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated with several complex design examples. We believe the presented workflow effectively combines IGA, FEA, ML, and 4D printing to provide a powerful computational tool that enriches the 4D printing design tool box, and brings huge application potentials.


PURPOSE: To produce the subject composition having excellent calcium absorbability, palatability, taste and flavor and useful as a food, quasi-drug, etc., by carrying out lactic fermentation of a protein solution containing a calcium material to lower the pH of the solution below a prescribed level and treating the solution with protease during the fermentation process, etc. CONSTITUTION: A protein solution containing a calcium material such as calcium carbonate of natural source, e.g. extracted soybean protein is subjected to lactic fermentation until the pH of the protein solution is lowered to 5.0 or below. The objective composition can be prepared by adding a protease during or after the fermentation and treating the solution with the protease. The amount of the calcium material is preferably 0.5-1.5%(w/v) based on the protein solution. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Ordonez is a leading agribusiness company with 14 years experience, managed by Mr. Lauro Ordonez Conce, dedicated to the production and distribution of agricultural machinery. This marketing plan aimed at Agroindustriales Ordonez is the purpose of manufacturing products to improve management and marketing from 2011 through situational analysis of the company, determining the internal and external company through a SWOT, up to propose a marketing plan designed for Agribusiness Ordonez.

The research was carried out in Agribusiness Ordonez played their activities in the city of Quevedo Province Rivers Its facilities are located at Km 2 of the way to Santo Domingo simple sampling was used to determine population size the sample which was used with a confidence level of 96% The standard error of the sample of 449 farmers and 4% as a result gave us a total of 267 surveys.

From the results of field research showed that in the market for the marketing of agro-industrial machinery second in market share is Agroindustrial Ordonez.

The advertising campaign will have two stages. The first will begin in the months of February March and April 2011 with the purpose of communicating the brand and marketing to users. The second will begin in June in July 2011 and continue throughout the month of agosto/2011.

Will be held in two stages: first in February and the second in June. Each stage will last 60 days. In the months of June and July 2011.


One of the limitations of the techniques that have been developed as apart of the Knowledge Hiding in Databases (KHD) methodology is that they are not applicable to a general class of data mining algorithms. In this paper, we present a formal characterization of the KHD process for a general class of data mining algorithms, that we call concept-based. This particular class of mining algorithms includes decision-region based classification algorithms, association algorithms, negative association algorithms, and exception rule mining algorithms. All of these algorithms have the common feature that the patterns generated by them can be represented using Bacchus probability logic. Based on our concept of a pattern, each step of the KHD process is able to treat concept-based algorithms in a unified manner.


Mock circulatory loops (MCLs) simulate the human circulatory system to enable testing of ventricular assist devices and other cardiac assist technologies. When conducting tests using an MCL, investigators must adjust the settings on each component in the loop. Components typically include a mechanical pump, a compliance chamber, and a peripheral resistance valve (Figure 1). In the past, these setting adjustments were performed manually, a method that was imprecise, time-consuming, and susceptible to human error.


Literature reviews on Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) typically focus on fundamental technical aspects, like coordination and communication, that need to be considered in order to coordinate a team of robots to perform a given task effectively and efficiently. Other reviews only consider works that aim to address a specific problem or one particular application of MRS. In contrast, this paper presents a survey of recent research works on MRS and categorises them according to their application domain. Furthermore, this paper compiles a number of seminal review works that have proposed specific taxonomies in classifying fundamental concepts, such as coordination, architecture and communication, in the field of MRS.


AbstractA comprehensive analytical model is developed for a pressurized fire sprinkler piping system of a hospital building. A suite of ninety-six artificial triaxial floor acceleration histories is used to generate seismic fragility parameters of the sprinkler piping system. The analytical model accounts for the inelastic behavior of braces, hangers, and wire restrainers. It incorporates an experimentally validated hysteresis model developed, as part of this study, for the moment-rotation relationship of grooved fitted joints. Component fragility parameters were obtained for lateral restrainers, hangers, and pipe joints. Three system-level damage states were defined based on the level of functionality of fire sprinkler systems and severity of leakage after a seismic event and a joint probabilistic model were utilized to obtain system-level fragility parameters. Finally, the seismic fragility of fire sprinkler systems with grooved fit joints is compared to that of a piping system with threaded joints.


In this paper, we study the applicability of artificial intelligence for designing mechanical components that can repair themselves. We use the Cellular Automata (CA) model implemented as a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to simulate the automatic growth and repair of a mechanical component from a small seed. Concretely, we start with an empty 2D grid of cells. Using the CNN, the cells will learn to self-organize into the image of a mechanical component. We simulate the damage to the component by deleting some parts of the imagine and show how they are automatically regenerated.


The purpose of this study is to present populism as a political phenomenon and to impose focus on the rightwing populist parties that are active in Scandinavia. This essay begins with a presentatio ...


This Special Issue of Business History Review revisits the theme of "Business History around the World" originally developed by Franco Amatori and Geoff Jones in an edited volume of essays published under that title in 2003. Their landmark collection explored comparative approaches to the field of business history and looked at patterns of business growth in several European countries, the United States, Japan, China, and, broadly, across Latin America. This issue of BHR continues that tradition and begins with a tribute to Amatori by his Bocconi colleague Andrea Colli andAndrea Lluch of theUniversidad de los Andes. In the essay, Colli and Lluch describe Amatori's foundational and ongoing interest in comparative approaches to business history. The introductory essay is followed by six research articles, on China, Mexico, Russia, Switzerland, Colombia, and India. Two of these essays – Adam Frost's "Reframing Chinese Business History" and Valentina Fava and Volodymyr Kulikov's "Recent Trends in the Business History of Russia" – look primarily at trends in the recent historiographies of these two countries. Two other essays explore, more specifically, entrepreneurship and innovation in economic growth. Aurora Gómez Galvarriato and Gabriela Recio Cavazos's "Mexico's Business and Entrepreneurship in the Era of Nationalism" examines entrepreneurship and state policy in periods of disruption and adaptation between the 1910s and 1980s. Carlos Dávila and Andrea Lluch's essay, "Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: Female Entrepreneurs in Colombia," describes the growing diversity of entrepreneurship, especially the growth in the number of female entrepreneurs, over the past three decades. The final two essays, Sébastien Guex's "The Emergence of the Swiss Tax Haven" and Chinmay Tumbe's "Globalization, Cities, and Firms in Twentieth-Century India," analyze aspects of globalization and its effects on the economies of Switzerland and India. This issue of BHR also contains a reflection on the many contributions of Takashi Hikino, a distinguished historian and researcher, and a close collaborator of Alfred Chandler, Alice Amsden, and other scholars, who died earlier this year. Finally, the issue also features a review by historian Robert Fredona of Adam Tooze's Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy.


Mr. President and Gentlemen: I want to appear before you in a dual role this afternoon to say a few words for the committee and a few in my own behalf. As to the committee report we have none to make at the present time. I was notified within the last ten days that I have been appointed chairman of the committee, and there has not been time since that for us to get together and do any work. Three of the committee were on the train together last night, and in talking together it was decided that it might be well for the committee to outline the original purposes of the dairy score card so that we might not lose sight of just what we were working for. The dairy score card was outlined originally and intended to be used as a guide in bettering general conditions on the dairy farm.


The existing building stock presents a high potential of energy savings and CO2 emissions reductions. To this purpose, literature provides novel city-scale building-oriented studies, aimed at developing suitable tools for stakeholders, city planners, and decision-makers. To achieve an effective urban energy planning, urban energy systems (UES) models are developed; they employ a multi-domain approach, embracing the complex interactions in urban areas, such as energy flows, environmental indicators, social and economic factors. To perform an advanced modelling and to simulate the complexity of the UES, ICT (information and communications technology) represents nowadays the right answer to the needs of integration of data, tools, and actors in different domains. The chapter investigates the current studies in the field of building stock energy modeling and the application of advanced technologies to develop UES models. As an exemplification, the technological approach followed in the SEMANCO project to support urban scale energy modelling is presented.


The singular configurations of a type of redundantly actuated parallel manipulator are studied in view of manipulability. Considering the non-square characteristics of Jacobian matrix of redundant input parallel machine, Laplace Theorem and its correlative theorems in Matrices Theory are introduced to avoid the problem that there is no determinant for non-square matrix. Singularity configuration distribution characteristics of this redundant input parallel machine are also depicted for different surfaces and orientations. These results provide pivotal foundations for its valid workspace selection.


The durability of TiAl is a prime concern for the implementation of TiAl into aerospace engines. Two durability issues, the effect of high temperature exposure on mechanical properties and impact resistance, have been investigated and the results are summarized in this paper. Exposure to elevated temperatures has been shown to be detrimental to the room temperature ductility of gamma alloys with the most likely mechanisms being the ingress of interstitials from the surface. Fluorine ion implantation has been shown to improve the oxidation resistance of gamma alloys, and ideally it could also improve the environmental embrittlement of high Nb content TiAl alloys. The effect of F ion implantation on the surface oxidation and embrittlement of a third generation, high Nb content TiAl alloy (Ti-45Al-5Nb-B-C) were investigated. Additionally, the ballistic impact resistance of a variety of gamma alloys, including Ti-48Al-2Cr- 2Nb, Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb, ABB-2, ABB-23, NCG359E, 95A and Ti-45Al-5Nb-B-C was accessed. Differences in the ballistic impact properties of the various alloys will be discussed, particularly with respect to their manufacturing process, microstructure, and tensile properties.


The bypass angioplasty revascularization in type 2 diabetes trial (BARI-2D) demonstrates improved quality of life and functional status in type II diabetics undergoing an initial strategy of mechanical revascularization including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with an initial strategy of medical therapy alone for stable CAD [1]. There was no shortterm improvement in ''hard endpoints'' such as mortality with PCI. Across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes, PCI has been demonstrated to have incremental benefit in diabetics over medical therapy alone similar to the broader population. In an individual diabetic patient capable of taking dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), once it is determined to pursue PCI, what is the optimal stent to place? When compared with bare metal stents (BMS), randomized trials demonstrate a markedly reduced risk of restenosis with drug-eluting stents (DES) in diabetics. A meta-analysis of six sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) or paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) versus BMS trials in 2,491 diabetics documented an 84% reduction in the odds of restenosis with DES compared with BMS [2]. In the DECODE and DIABETES studies, DES reduced angiographic restenosis from 50 to 10% and target vessel revascularization from 30% to single digits compared with BMS in diabetics, with particular advantage in reference vessel diameters <3.0 mm [3,4]. Given different mechanisms of cell cycle inhibition, is sirolimus or paclitaxel superior in the proliferative diabetic milieu? SES has less late loss than PES, 0.2 versus 0.5 mm on average. However, impaired phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity in diabetics might reduce conversion of sirolimus to its active metabolite that inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin. Head-tohead trials of SES and PES have generally had angiographic endpoints, which demonstrate that the late loss in the diabetic subgroup is less with SES than PES and not dissimilar to nondiabetics. The seven SES versus PES comparative trials have had limited power to detect differences in clinical outcome in the diabetic subgroup. In this issue of Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, Akin et al. present compelling evidence comparing clinical outcomes with these first-generation DES [5]. In a large prospective consecutive real world registry in Germany, 1,526 diabetics receiving SES or PES are examined at 1-year follow-up. Although not randomized, baseline differences between the groups are negligible. Mortality, target vessel revascularization, stent thrombosis (ST), and overall major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are without statistical or appreciable clinical difference at 1 year (11.4% with SES and 10.3% with PES.) However, US practice has widely adopted the secondgeneration everolimus-eluting stents (EES) due to low restenosis rates similar to SES, greater ease of delivery, and evidence supporting more complete endothelialization compared with first-generation DES. The hope is that we will observe a lower risk of late and very late stent thrombosis. In the SPIRIT IV trial, comparing EES with PES, clinical outcomes were better with EES than PES in the overall study population [6]. However, diabetics were the only prespecified subgroup that did not enjoy a significantly lower restenosis rate with EES (6.4%) than PES (6.9%). In the 1,800 patient COMPARE study of EES versus PES, stent thrombosis and restenosis were reduced with EES in nondiabetics. Test for interaction suggested not dissimilar results for diabetics (interaction P 5 0.22) [7]. Given restenosis equipoise between EES and PES in diabetics in the larger SPIRIT IV trial, it seems reasonable to favor EES given the overall lower stent thrombosis rate with EES. Indirectly, Akin et al.'s data imply that we might anticipate


Objective To explore the effective nursing intervention about prevention and reduction on the non-wound pain after laparescope cholecystectomy operation.Methods Sixty patients hospitalized in surgery who had the pain of non-wound and get grade > 2 by VAS, were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, 30 cases in each group.The cases of control group were nursed according to the regular mearsures;While the cases of treatment group were conducted by adjusting body-location, lengthening the time of breathing oxygen for 6 ~ 12 hours, sticking points of ear and adjusting diet on the Chinese symptoms.Results The time and degrees of patients'pain of non-wound after operation in treatment group were significantly lower than those in cuntrol group (P < 0.01 ) .Conclusions The effective nursing intervention methods can prevent and reduce the patients ' pain of non-wound after operation and improve the nursing-quality.

Key words:
Laparoscope cholecystectomy; Pain of non-wound; Nursing method


In this work, an unsupervised statistical method for automatic choice of near-synonyms is presented and compared to the stateof-the-art. We use a 5-gram language model built from the Google Web 1T data set. The proposed method works automatically, does not require any human-annotated knowledge resources (e.g., ontologies) and can be applied to different languages. Our evaluation experiments show that this method outperforms two previous methods on the same task. We also show that our proposed unsupervised method is comparable to a supervised method on the same task. This work is applicable to an intelligent thesaurus, machine translation, and natural language generation.


This article explores the accessibility of acousmatic compositional approaches to sound and installation art. Principally of concern is the consideration of intimacy to create a means of 'connecting' with an audience. Installations might be said to explore ideas of intimacy in two ways which increase accessibility for the installation visitor: through cultivating installation–visitor relationships, and through encouraging visitor–visitor relationships. A variety of ways in which various acousmatic compositional techniques relating to intimacy might be brought to bear on and operate as a way of drawing a listener into a work are explored, in particular as they relate to the consideration of space and spatial relationships. These include recording techniques, types of sound materials chosen, and the creation of particular spatial environments and listening conditions. Along with a number of instances of sound art provided by way of examples, my ongoing GRIDs series of sound sculptures will provide a case study of works related to an acousmatic aesthetic where these concerns find an outlet.


Free-standing GaN substrates has been prepared by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) technology. Round substrates with diameters up to 1.5 inch and thickness up to 350 micron can be achieved. Various measurement tools, including X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and etch pit density (EPD) measurement, have been applied to characterize the optical and the structural properties of these substrates. The typical full width at half maximum of the PL spectra and the [002] X-ray diffraction peak was 10 nm and 120 arcsec respectively, compared to the typical values of 10 nm and 200 arcsec obtained on epitaxial GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrates. Yellow bands usually detected in PL spectra can be eliminated, indicating reduction of related point defects. AFM measurements revealed a surface roughness of 5 nm or larger after growth and separation. With proper polish, the surface roughness can be reduced to less than 1 nm. EPDs on these substrates can be as low as in the 10/sup 5/ cm/sup -2/ range, compared to the typical values of 10/sup 8/-10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2/observed in MOCVD GaN layers grown on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrates. Without doping, the free-standing GaN substrates showed electron concentrations less than 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/. But with proper doping, electron concentration as high as 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/, and hence resistivity lower than 0.1 /spl Omega/-cm, can be achieved. Maximum electron mobilities higher than 800 cm/sup 2//V-sec and 400 cm/sup 2//V-sec were detected in lightly doped and heavily doped substrates respectively. In this paper, the procedure of producing these free-standing GaN substrates will be briefly described, and the above measurement results, along with their indications, will be discussed.


Aedes aegypti strain obtained from field collections in Old Balara, Quezon City, Philippines was colonized at the Department of Science and Technology–Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) laboratory. The number of eggs and their weight followed a significant linear relationship for the Ae. aegypti colony. Storing the hatching solution composed of nutrient broth (NB) and brewer's yeast (BY) longer for at least 16 h hatched the mosquito fastest within 4h. Among the different ages tested, 2-wk-old eggs had the highest hatch rate. After collecting eggs from rearing cages, eggs for 6 wk still produced a high hatch rate and pupal recovery. Mosquito eggs can be effectively stored in cup and ziplock with a hatch rate of at least 77% on the third week, and at least 71% on the fourth week. Eggs stored in plastic cups can be best stored at 17–20 °C in the incubator 4 wk without a decrease in hatch rate. Eggs at these temperatures still produced about 50% egg hatch even until 3 mo.


Self determination has long been a concept of great interest to psychologists. For instance, self determination was a critical concept in the person-centered therapy and theory of personality that was forwarded by Carl Rogers (Patterson & Joseph, 2007). More recently, self-determination theory has emerged (e.g., Deci & Ryan, 2008) as a general theory of human behavior and motivation that has been applied in a wide variety of situations (e.g., education, Kaufman & Dodge, 2009; worker satisfaction & productivity, Kuvaas, 2009). The common theme related to self determination is that it is a good thing; people are happier, more motivated, and more productive when they can exercise self determination than when they cannot. Although behavioral psychologists have historically eschewed internal or personality variables as explanations for behavior, they too have explored the idea that situations that involve self determination are functionally different than situations that do not involve self determination. For instance, Graff, Libby, and Green (1998) found that participant-selected reinforcers maintained higher rates of free-operant responding, and produced less challenging behaviors, than did experimenter-selected reinforcers in two male participants with severe developmental disabilities. Geckeler, Libby, Graff, and Ahearn (2000) failed to replicate this effect on free-operant responding in three boys with Autism, but did find that when participant-and experimenter-selected reinforcers were available in a concurrent-choice procedure, all three boys showed a response preference for the alternative that allowed them to choose their own reinforcer. These results replicated those of a previous study (i.e., effect of self-determined choice only in the concurrent-schedule situation; Graff & Libby, 1999), which had studied four boys with either developmental disabilities or attention-deficit disorder. More recently, Tiger, Hanley, and Hernandez (2006) studied the effect of reinforcer choice on the behavior of preschool children. Results indicated that five of the six children showed an initial preference for choosing their own reinforcer, although this preference did not persist throughout the entire condition for several of the children. Tiger et al.'s fourth study demonstrated that the children continued to choose the reinforcer-choice option despite the fact that the response requirement for doing so was higher than the no-choice reinforcer option. Overall, these studies support the idea that an outcome that allows the individual to determine his/her own reinforcing consequences can be a more effective or preferred reinforcer than the identical outcome that is not chosen by the individual. Determining whether outcome choice is indeed a more powerful reinforcing consequence than a predetermined outcome has a number of potential implications, especially if that outcome can be demonstrated in an adult sample. For instance, the implication for individuals in the field of marketing would be that offering potential customers a self-chosen prize for visiting a business or website might be a more effective promotion than simply offering a predetermined prize. Instructors might find that students' work improves if their efforts result in a self-chosen outcome rather than an instructor-chosen outcome. Researchers who employ human participants in laboratory studies with the incentive of winning a prize (e.g., a gift card) for good performance may find improved performance if participants are offered a self-determined reward rather than an experimenter-chose one. The study of delay discount affords one measure of the value of an outcome or commodity. Delay discounting occurs when the value of an outcome is devalued because it is delayed in time. For instance, if someone owed you $100 but was not going to be able to pay you for a month, you might accept $95 immediately rather than waiting a month for the full amount. …


It has been inferred from inhibition studies that a simple hapten can combine with antibodies homologous to a conjugated protein involving that hapten1 to give soluble compounds. In most cases haptens do not give the precipitin reaiction with antiserum nor produce anaphylactic shock in animals sensitized with corresponding conjugated proteins. It was pointed out recently2 that the framework theory of antibody-antigen precipitates suggests strongly that simple substances containing two or more haptenic groups should, under favorable circumstances, show all of the properties of more complex antigens; the thorough experimental test of this should provide evidence in support of or against the framework theory. Landsteiner and van der Scheer3 observed the occurrence of the precipitin reaction and anaphylaxis with simple substances formed by coupling two anilic acid molecules with resorcinol or tyrosine. On the other hand, Hooker and Boyd4 have reported that they observed no formation of precipitate with several different compounds containing two haptenic groups. In order to obtain further evidence, we have prepared several substances with two or more haptenic groups per molecule and have tested them with suitable serum and with sensitized guinea pigs. We observed precipitate formation with each of the substances, and also observed anaphylaxis and desensitization with one of them, thus verifying the existence of the phenomena reported by Landsteiner and van der Scheer. The serum used in our experiments was obtained from rabbits which had been given a course of six injections (alternately intraperitoneal and intravenous) of azoprotein per week for four weeks, the rabbits being bled nine days after the last injection. The azoprotein used was made by coupling sheep serum protein with diazotized arsanilic acid. Four azoprotein preparations, containing 0.68%, 1.9%, 2.3% and 3.3% arsenic (relative to total protein as determined from Kjeldahl nitrogen), respectively, were used. The titers of the serum of fourteen rabbits given one or another of these preparations were nearly the same, about 0.4 mg. antibody per ml., as found by Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis of the precipitate given with azoproteins made from egg albumin and arsanilic acid. The haptens prepared and tested and the results obtained are shown in table 1.


In this paper, experimental results showing that the dynamics of Chua's circuit can be controlled by using water electrolytic cell based devices are reported. A Chua's circuit where one of the electrical components is replaced by an electrolytic cell device has been realized and its dynamics has been studied showing how different regimes appear when the parameters of the cell (in particular, the level of immersion of the electrode plates and the distance between them) are changed. The results obtained pave the way to the possibility of coupling nonlinear electronic components with electrochemical devices so as to develop a new hybrid technology for implementing a new class of nonlinear circuits.


That Chinese sentence-final particles bear relations to topic markers can be exemplified by the indicative mood particle "ma"(嘛), which in causal compound sentences evolves into a topic marker. The grammaticalization of "ma" from mood particle to topic marker is associated not only to its special discourse function but also to the topic-comment structure features.


The exploitation of a unique thymidylyltransferase (Ep ) allows the rapid syntheses of thymidine and uridine 5'-(aminodeoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), 5'-(acetamidodeoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), and even 5'-(aminodideoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), which are amino analogues of the products from the native reaction of Ep .


field, having served with the Grenadier Guards in Hong Kong in the mid-1970s. A novel aspect of this work is that it includes the unpublished memoirs of John R. Harris, a subaltern in the Royal Engineers who fought in the battle and was subsequently interned by the Japanese for four years. Harris, today a distinguished architect, is the only surviving member of a group of prisoners who secretly passed information to British intelligence during captivity. The Battle for Hong Kong is a book with a split personality. In the first half, Lindsay offers a brief summary of the events leading up to the conflict and the situation in Hong Kong on the eve of war; introduces the reader to Harris's memoirs describing prewar life, and then turns his attention to the battle for Hong Kong; which lasted from December 8 to December 25, 1941. Although this section includes a detailed description of the battle itself, the author often interrupts the narrative to make comparisons to his own experiences serving in Hong Kong or to the current military efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan; occasionally, he breaks to address the reader directly. Lindsay's observations may have value for the reader, but they disrupt the flow of the narrative and diminish its clarity. The sequence of events is also difficult to follow, especially for readers unfamiliar with the details of the campaign. This section is, thus, better suited for the informed military enthusiast than one seeking an introduction to the campaign. The last half of the work, which is largely told through Harris's memoirs, covers the four-year period of British, Canadian, and Indian internment in Japanese POW camps. Harris's personal story is engaging and gives a human face to this largely overlooked piece of history. Of particular interest, Harris describes his participation in smuggling messages to the British Army Aid Group (BAAG), a cover for what can most accurately be compared to Britain's MI9 (Escape and Evasion). Harris was one of the first POWs to establish contact with the BAAG; in stark contrast to many of his fellow POW collaborators, he survived to tell about it. Harris's story of endurance, perseverance, and survival is well worth reading. Although The Battle for Hong Kong provides little new information regarding the battle itself, it becomes clear that Lindsay's chief purpose is to highlight the heroism of the veterans of the Hong Kong campaign and to rehabilitate the "tragically maligned" reputation of the British Royal Scots and Canadian forces (150). After the war, the Middlesex Regiment received the battle honour Hong Kong, whereas the others came under harsh criticism. Lindsay explains that the defenders of Hong Kong, through no fault of their own, were ill prepared for war, lacked proper training, were grossly undersupplied, and had faulty intelligence about Japanese intentions. Lindsay argues convincingly that, under such daunting circumstances, the men fought with gallantry and extreme courage. On the whole, Lindsay's work is based on solid research and enhanced by numerous memoirs, diaries, reports, and official documents—some of which belong to the author. Lindsay also conducted over 100 interviews of veterans and Chinese civilian survivors, which he references frequently throughout the work. Finally, he draws on the recollections of several senior Japanese officers who participated in the capture and control of Hong Kong. Despite some shortcomings, Lindsay supplies a thorough account of the illfated battle for Hong Kong. Likewise, Harris's personal story gives us unique insight into the struggles and activities of the defenders-turned-prisoners-ofwar. Although Harris's memoirs contain popular appeal, the overall target audience of the work is limited to the veterans of the Hong Kong campaign and military buffs specifically interested in the Allied campaigns in the Far East. WHITNEY T. BENDECK Florida State University Copyright © 2011 Taylor & Francis


Background: Most studies that proved intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) to be highly effective to reduce recurrent restenosis after treatment of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) have looked at time periods up to 12 months. Whether the beneficial effect from radiation is sustained during long‐term follow‐up remains a concern. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of IRT using a β‐emitter during a 3‐year follow‐up period. Methods: One hundred twenty‐eight consecutive symptomatic patients (mean age, 63 ± 11 years) with 134 in‐stent restenotic lesions were treated for ISR with IRT (noncentred β‐emitter, Novoste; radiation dosis 21.1 ± 3.1 Gy). Six‐month angiographic follow‐up was obtained in 104 patients (81%) with 105 lesions (78%). All patients underwent 36‐month clinical follow‐up. Results: Six‐month angiographic restenosis rate was 22% in stent (29% in lesion) with an in‐stent late loss of 0.49 ± 0.62 mm. Target lesion resvascularization (TLR) at 6‐month follow‐up was performed in 23 cases (18%). MACE (death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularisation) was observed in 24 patients (19%). At 36‐month follow‐up, TLR increased to 36 cases (28%) and MACE was observed in 47 patients (37%). In a multivariate analysis, minimal lumen diameter before treatment of ISR using IRT was the only predictor of recurrent TLR at 36 months (OR = 0.131; 95% CI, 0.068–0.254; p = 0.002). In a subgroup of patients (N = 15) without restenosis at 6‐month angiography but with clinically driven recurrent late angiography (mean, 18 ± 7 months); in‐lesion late loss increased from 0.47 ± 0.54 mm at 6 months to 1.27 ± 0.76 mm at repeated angiography (p = 0.005). Conclusion: There is a considerable number of delayed recurrent restenosis post IRT for ISR. This is due to ongoing late loss more than 6‐month post IRT. The minimal lumen diameter before IRT predicts the need for recurrent TLR at 36 months. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A series of hydrogen‐donating solvents have been investigated in lignin depolymerisation practices by using a mild, microwave‐assisted, hydrogen‐free, hydrogenolytic approach promoted by the use of in situ hydrogen generating reagents with Ni 10 % Al‐SBA‐15 as a heterogeneous catalyst. Selected solvents were tetralin, isopropanol, glycerol and formic acid. Final identified products, namely bio‐oil, biochar and residual lignin were characterised by using GC–MS, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography to evaluate the extension of the hydrogenolytic process. Interestingly, the obtained phenolic monomeric products were found to be remarkably affected by the type of hydrogen‐donating solvent, with the best results obtained with formic acid, a potentially renewable derived solvent, which unexpectedly provided no biochar as compared to a maximum of 38 % obtained for tetralin. The reported protocol constitutes another step towards the development of fully sustainable and "green" methodologies of low environmental impact for lignin depolymerisation.


PRIOR to the eighteenth century, when mathematics was almost the only science known, it was customary to treat all subjects under the mathematical form. Dr. Henry More, in an elaborate work, demonstrated the immortality of the soul by a series of geometrical propositions and notations, and, as is well known, Spinoza's Ethics consists of an array of Euclidean theorems, corollaries, and scholia. In those days it was supposed that if an argument on any subject whatever could be reduced to a perfect logical or geometrical form and contained no violation of the well-learned rules of reasoning its several propositions were apodictically established. In modern times all this is regarded as mere pedantry, and any attempt to apply mathematics to the complex phenomena of life, mind, and society is looked upon with suspicion. While all may admit that the test of exactness of any science is the degree to which its laws can be subjected to mathematical rules, it is generally denied that the laws of biology, psychology, and sociology can be thus subjected. While I am one of those who have emphasized this truth, and justly condemned the ambitious propensity to give to such complex phenomena a greater precision than they possess, I have never denied that the goal toward which even the highest of them must ever tend is just that perfected stage at which their laws may be mathematically formulated. Moreover, these laws are capable of being roughly classified in this respect, and while some of them may lie beyond all hope of such a formulation others may have nearly reached the point at which it is possible. The basis of this classification is the generality of the laws


Filtration loss control under high-temperature conditions is a worldwide issue among water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). A core–shell high-temperature filter reducer (PAASM-CaCO3) that combines organic macromolecules with inorganic nanomaterials was developed by combining acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), styrene (St), and maleic anhydride (MA) as monomers and nano-calcium carbonate (NCC). The molecular structure of PAASM-CaCO3 was characterized. The average molecular weight of the organic part was 6.98 × 105 and the thermal decomposition temperature was about 300 °C. PAASM-CaCO3 had a better high-temperature resistance. The rheological properties and filtration performance of drilling fluids treated with PAASM-CaCO3 were stable before and after aging at 200 °C/16 h, and the effect of filtration control was better than that of commonly used filter reducers. PAASM-CaCO3 improved colloidal stability and mud cake quality at high temperatures.


There are spread radio-frequency interference(RFI) problems of the low-frequency observations of the spaceborne microwave imagers, e.g. AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer). A modified principal component analysis method was used to identify RFI and then its influence on the retrieval of surface parameters was studied. Next, the AMSR-E data corrected by linear fitting correction of RFI were used to retrieve the surface parameters through 1D-Var method. By comparing the retrieved products(e.g., land surface temperature and surface rainfall rate) before and after RFI correction over the United States, it was found that retrieved land surface temperature and surface rainfall rate which were interfered by RFI were abnormally high and with large deviations. Therefore, it was necessary to effectively identify and correct RFI prior to low-frequency observations with spaceborne microwave imagers to retrieve land surface parameters or assimilate these observations. And the modified principal component analyzing RFI identification method and linear fitting RFI correction algorithm were effective for the observations over land.


ly an alleged liberty interest could be defined." This case concerned a woman who was married to a man, Gerald, and conceived a child with a different man, Michael. While the child was biologically Michael's, the woman wanted her current husband to act as the child's father. Michael thereafter argued that he had a Substantive Due Process right to act as the child's natural father. A plurality of the Court held against Michael H. and framed the right as "the rights of the natural father adulterously conceived" at the most specific level, instead of a right relating to "emotional attachments in general." The arguments against Justice Scalia's framework stem from the idea it would be unlikely that any tradition would exist at this level of specificity. As a background of Lawrence v. Texas, it is essential to see how the intimacy right was defined before it overruled Bowers v. Hardwick. Bowers and Lawrence both tackled the right of homosexual sodomy. The Court in Bowers framed the right as just that: a right to homosexual sodomy, which of course was not deeply rooted in tradition. When overruling this case, the Lawrence majority fought against that characterization of the right and went as far as to say "that statement, we now conclude, discloses the Court's own failure to appreciate the extent of the liberty at stake." The Court in Lawrence instead framed the right more broadly as the right to engage in "the most private human conduct, sexual behavior, and in the most private of places, the home." This right, like the others relating to intimacy, can also be seen as supporting an even broader right to bodily integrity and autonomy. While analyzing tradition, the Court did something new—showing evidence of support by looking at emerging global views. Moreover, the majority found that laws against sodomy were general and did not target the gay population until the 1970s. Interestingly, the State's main interest in this case was morals. While 96 Yoshino, supra note 87, at 154. 97 Michael H., 491 U.S. at 113–14. 98 Id. 99 Id. at 113. 100 Id. at 127–28 n.6. 101 Id. 102 Yoshino, supra note 87, at 156. 103 See Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186, 190 (1986), overruled by Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003). 104 See Lawrence, 539 U.S. at 570; Bowers, 478 U.S. at 190. 105 Bowers, 478 U.S. at 192 ("It is obvious to us that neither of these formulations would extend a fundamental right to homosexuals to engage in acts of consensual sodomy."). 106 Lawrence, 539 U.S. at 567. 107 Id. 108 See id. at 562 ("Liberty presumes an autonomy of self that includes freedom of thought, belief, expression, and certain intimate conduct."). 109 Id. at 573. 110 Id. at 570. 111 See id. at 571. 2020] YOU MUST PRESENT A VALID FORM OF (GENDER) IDENTIFICATION 1143 the Court did not state a standard of review, it did find that morals are not legitimate interests even under rational basis review. Justice Scalia, in his dissent, on the other hand, believed that interests should be able to be based on morality. 3. Gay Rights and Obergefell The most relevant Substantive Due Process case in recent history is Obergefell v. Hodges. In this seminal case, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of gay marriage. This case is important not just for its broad discussion of liberty interests, but also in that the majority moves away from the traditional history test. Similar to Lawrence, Justice Kennedy focused on notions of individual autonomy. Comparing the case to Lawrence, he stated that "the right to personal choice regarding marriage is inherent in the concept of individual autonomy." Yoshino, writing about Obergefell, likewise observed that marriage and intimacy as fundamental rights are "exemplary rather than exhaustive." Moreover, Kennedy took Lawrence and the rights of same-sex couples and extended them further when he wrote: "But while Lawrence confirmed a dimension of freedom that allows individuals to engage in intimate association without criminal liability, it does not follow that freedom stops there. Outlaw to outcast may be a step forward, but it does not achieve the full promise of liberty." This broad notion of liberty can be imagined to extend to LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (or Questioning), Plus) rights in general, not just same-sex marriage. Countering the tradition requirement and again echoing Lawrence, the majority in Obergefell held: "The nature of injustice is that we may not always see it in our own times. The generations that wrote and ratified the Bill of Rights . . . did not presume to know the extent of freedom in all of its dimensions . . . ." As a result of this discussion, Yoshino speculated that "[w]hile tradition remains important in this four-part analysis, it plays a much less rigid role than it [did in earlier cases]." In addition to loosening the reigns on the role that tradition plays in the analysis, the Obergefell Court was also, similarly to Lawrence, looking to emerging ideas. The Court noted that it was not until the end of the twentieth century that homosexuality was no longer thought of as an illness. The Court continued for paragraphs about 112 Id. at 583. 113 See id. at 599 (Scalia, J., dissenting). 114 135 S. Ct. 2584 (2015). 115 See id. 116 Yoshino, supra note 87, at 164. 117 Obergefell, 135 S. Ct. at 2621 (Roberts, J., dissenting). 118 Id. at 2599 (majority opinion). 119 Yoshino, supra note 87, at 166. 120 Obergefell, 135 S. Ct. at 2600. 121 Id. at 2598. 122 Yoshino, supra note 87, at 164. 123 See Obergefell, 135 S. Ct. at 2615 (Roberts, J., dissenting). 124 Id. at 2596 (majority opinion). 1144 WILLIAM & MARY BILL OF RIGHTS JOURNAL [Vol. 28:1133 how these ideas have changed and acknowledged state laws and court cases that have been favorable to gay rights. All in all, the Obergefell Court discusses liberty rights with much more generality. It also departed from the rigid tradition test. It is important to note that this opinion is unique in its "double helix" approach of Substantive Due Process and Equal Protection because the Court relied on how the two work together. B. Applying the Fundamental Rights Test to Gender Identity 1. Identifying and Describing the Right If a case on transgender gender markers were to come to the Supreme Court, there are two potential ways it would characterize the right based on precedent. The first, if a majority of the Court were perhaps more in favor of the right, would characterize the right broadly. The second, if the majority were more attuned to Scalia's framework, would characterize the right narrowly. A broad right would likely be defined as the right to identify as one's preferred gender, or even more broadly, a right to identity generally. A narrow right would make it clear there is no deeply rooted history for such a specific issue, i.e. the right of transgender individuals to change their gender markers on their birth certificates. Regardless of how the Court frames the right, it will be necessary to see how or if transgender individuals are deeply rooted in history and tradition. 2. Is the Right "Fundamental"? Again, regardless of how the right is characterized, the Court would likely spend a large amount of time on whether the right is deeply rooted in history and tradition. So, how long has the concept of "transgender" been around? Actually, for a very long time. While the term was not yet coined at this point in history, Native American 125 Id. at 2596–97. 126 See Yoshino, supra note 87, at 166. 127 Id. at 164. 128 Obergefell, 135 S. Ct. at 2590 ("The Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause are connected in a profound way. Rights implicit in liberty and rights secured by equal protection may rest on different precepts and are not always co-extensive, yet each may be instructive as to the meaning and reach of the other."). 129 Compare Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558, 567 (2003) (defining a broad right to marry), with Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186, 195 (1986) (defining a more narrow right to "intimate sexual conduct"). 130 See Lawrence, 539 U.S. at 567. 131 See Bowers, 478 U.S. at 195. 132 See, e.g., Lawrence, 539 U.S. at 568–75 (discussing history and tradition in regards to homosexual individuals). 133 See, e.g., id. 2020] YOU MUST PRESENT A VALID FORM OF (GENDER) IDENTIFICATION 1145 tribes prior to the 1800s did not recognize a strict gender binary as we have today. In fact, "Native Americans have often held intersex, androgynous people, feminine males and masculine females in high respect." The term used to describe these individuals in modern times is "two-spirits," but in the past, they were referred to as "berdache." In the twentieth century, however, "two-spirits" were often forced by European Christians to conform to more traditional gender roles. The lesbian and gay movement in the 1960s allowed for the re-emergence of androgyny within Native American communities which continued into the 1990s. While Native American tribes continued to be an inspiration to movements advocating for same-sex marriage and challenging gender norms, the American Colonies stood in stark contrast. Those who lived as a different gender in the seventeenth and eighteen centuries were usually condemned, and those individuals were even arrested for such behavior. One of the first recorded examples of a transgender individual during the colonial era was Thomas/Thomasine Hall. What happened to Hall in Jamestown is described aptly in Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: Perhaps because it took Hall at his or her word that he or she was bigendered (what we would call intersex today), the court ordered Hall in 1629 to wear both a man's breeches and a woman's apron and cap. In a sense, this unique ruling affirmed Hall's dual nature and subverted traditional gender categories. But by fixing Hall's gender and denying him or her the freedom to switch between male and female identities, the decision punished Hall and reinforced gender boundaries. In the nineteenth ce


[eng] The conditions of the choice of production system and techniques by farmers : the farm seen as a system - Systems analysis can enable one to understand the choice of production systems and techniques made by farmers. Various inter-disciplinary surveys carried out in particular in the Vosges have led to the farm being analysed as an organized whole, the finalities and regulations of which are complex (progress in methodology is necessary). By considering the farm- farmer system, the family's plan for the farm can be seen, a key element in understanding situations and needs. [fre] L'analyse de systemes peut aider a comprendre les choix des systemes et des techniques de production faits par les agriculteurs. Diverses etudes pluridisciplinaires menees notamment dans les Vosges conduisent a analyser l'exploitation comme un tout organise dont les finalites et les regulations sont complexes (des progres methodologiques sont necessaires). En considerant le systeme exploitant-exploitation, on peut degager le projet de la famille sur l'exploitation, element-cle pour la comprehension des situations et des besoins.


This paper establishes the modernized highways network of synthetic evaluation index system, and applies the data envelopmentanalysis (DEA) to the synthetic evaluation of the highway network planning. Furthermore, itcompares synthetically the present conditions of 9 provinces, then it analyses especially the existing problem of highways network of Tianjin and puts forward the corresponding improvement measures to offer effective theoretical foundation. The results show that the method is effective to the synthesis evaluation of highway network and practical guide value for scientific decisions of Tianjin highway construction and administrative bureau.


Nonlinear magnetosonic waves in degenerate plasmas are discussed by using the spin-1/2 quantum magnetohydrodynamics model. Spin effects are incorporated via spin force and macroscopic spin magnetization current. Using both the reductive perturbation and Sagdeev potential techniques to derive the nonlinear evolution equations. In the limited amplitude a Kadomstev-Petviashvili equation and in arbitrary amplitude an energy integral equation involving Sagdeev potential are derived. The effects of electron spin magnetization, quantum diffraction and plasma statistic (temperature degeneracy) are discussed on the profile of solitons. The importance of the work relevant to compact astrophysical bodies is pointed out.


Jets discharging normally into a swirling crossflow are investigated experimentally. Total jet to total swirling flow axial momentum ratios of 0.43 and 0.96 are examined. A vane swirler with an overall swirl number of 2.25 is used to generate the crossflow in a 125-mm i.d. tube. The jet nozzle with an exit diameter of 8.73 mm is mounted at one tube diameter downstream of the swirler. A one-color, one-component laser Doppler anemometer, operating in the forward scatter mode, is used to measure the flow field downstream of the jet. Results show that the jet does not penetrate deeply into the tube. Instead, it moves downstream along a spiral created by the swirling flow in the absence of the jet. Consequently, the disturbances created by the jet are limited to a small region around the jet, and the reversed flow region along the tube core created by the swirling motion still remains intact. The turbulence field of the swirling flow is affected more by the jet than the mean flowfield. However, the disturbances created by the jet die off quickly. At two tube diameters away from the jet and farther downstream, the mean flow and turbulence fields exhibit behavior characteristic of the swirling flow alone. This demonstrates that the decay of the jet is fairly complete within this region. Finally, as the jet momentum is increased, the jet's effect is also noted in regions other than along the jet trajectory. This indicates jetbifurcation behavior at high jet momentum.


Prospective funding and development partners from China and Europe are circling Diatreme Resources Ltd's flagship Cyclone zircon project in Western Australia's Eucla Basin.


Purpose:To evaluate the value of interventional therapy in limb bone tumors. Methods:48 patients in 1992—1997 with limb bone tumor were accepted for interventional therapy, then they underwent surgical treatment according to their actual situation. They were followed up on schedule. Results:①Good results were obtained in 87% of the cases by interventional treatment, especially in knee joint bone tumors reaching 90%.②interventional treatment caused Ⅲ or Ⅳ degree necrosis in all cases, reduced bleeding at operation in 81% of the cases,formation of false membrane occureed in 81% of the cases, total removal of the tumors was possible in 90% of the cases. ③Complications mostly skin necrosis, occurred in 5 cases.Conclusions:The results of interventional therapy showed it to be effetive. Its indications were ①the cases with malignant tumor could be treated by this limb saving procedure;②benign or borderline tumors with wide destruction,making it difficult to retain the affected bone, and with rich blood supply.


Casbah Square in Tunis has the feel of the morning after. Strewn around the plaza are the odd, drooping Tunisian flag and other relics of the mass demonstrations that forced the fall of the…


In this paper, a characterization methodology for PV panels by using artificial neural networks (ANN) is proposed. Data typically provided by the manufacturer in the datasheet, or data obtained from environmental measurements taken at the place where the photovoltaic (PV) generation system is installed, is used for the characterization of the PV panels. The results obtained for the representation of the PV panel using ANN are presented, and then compared with results found by classical models. The results of the simulation of two PV panels using ANN show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The aim of our research was to detect epidemiological aspects of development furuncles of oral-facial regio. We carried out retrospective analysis of 1415 histories taking of the patients with that disease. We carried out clinical investigation of 110 patients with different forms of furuncles also. We have found, that ones furuncles are develops in the men at the age of 19-35. Localization of furuncles was corresponding to the place growth of follicles and fat glandules.


This essay addresses the relationship between liberalism and democracy, trying to bring out the points of inflection and tension between the two concepts. It also seeks to briefly present the historical avatars of liberalism as an ideologie and democracy as a government form estrucutured on a group of formal rules and their concreteness in the various moments through which the states pass in modernity and contemporaneity. In addition to recalling the lessons of the classics that focused on the themes, we try to privilege in the essay the thinking of Norberto Bobbio, behold this thinker can be considered the great contemporary theoretician who gave account of the aforementioned relation.


Abstract Nonprofit social capital refers to the trust, norms, and networks that can improve organizational performance to fulfill a mission. Research on social capital within organizations, and specifically with nonprofits, is relatively widespread; however, the notion that we can quantify, measure, and incentivize its growth across a sector is novel. Nonprofits actively work to solve some of society's most complex challenges in diverse areas, such as public health, education, social inequality, and environment. Few would argue against the need for a robust and healthy nonprofit sector. Yet, there is little debate and even less agreement on the definition of "a healthy nonprofit sector" or how to measure it. We offer a policy brief on this topic in the form of an exploratory think piece, rather than a definitive empirical methodology or research paper, that connects nonprofit social capital to a framework of sector health. Solving many of the challenges facing society today will require trust, working together, and networks of resources and reciprocity. Because of this, nonprofit social capital – both cognitive and structural – is an important benchmark of nonprofit sector health and could supplement other metrics of an index offering a signal as to changes occurring in the sector.


have also been applied to the conversion of oxiranes into thiiranes. Nevertheless, most of these methods suffer one or more of the following draw-backs: unsatisfactory yield, long reaction time, critical product isolation procedures, the use of expensive and detrimental metal precursors, harsh reaction conditions, and no agreement with the green chemistry protocols, which limit their use.Etidronic acid (Figure 1) is a phosphonic acid with mild aci-dity, is non-volatile and non-corrosive, and is soluble in common organic solvents. It is a white crystalline solid with outstanding physical and chemical properties and is a commercially avail-able cheap chemical. Its applications as a reaction catalyst in organic syntheses have not yet been fully explored. In this paper,we report a simple and efficient synthesis of thiiranes in THFusing etidronic acid as a catalyst (Scheme 1).Initially, we carried out the reaction of styrene oxide with ammonium thiocyanate in THF in the presence of different amounts of etidronic acid at reflux temperature. It was found that the best result was obtained with 10 mol % of etidronic acid.It is worthy to note that in the absence of etidronic acid, the reaction did not yield any product at reflux temperature even after a long reaction time. To select the best solvent for the reaction, the synthesis of thiirane


"Risk" is not just about specific actions fraught with danger. Sharon Welch's "ethic of risk" is captured beautifully by the Adrienne Rich poem "Natural Resources" which appears in her book: it means seeing all that needs to be repaired, acting without the illusion of certainty or victory, joining in solidarity and community with others, working without waiting for (or necessarily wanting) conventional political power, always moving forward in bravery and commitment. Welch wants us to ask ourselves If What improbable task, with which unpredictable results, shall we undertake today? If She urges us toward not a chain of singular unrelated actions, but an ethics of the long haul, one that inspires us to reject both despair and complacency. What is broken and needs fixing, she argues, is not just deep-seated societal problems, but Western constructions of what constitutes ethical responsibility and what counts as goodness. She argues against a (EuroAmerican middle-class) cynicism which, in the face of complexity, too often leads to a paralysis of will, sanctions doing nothing, all but ignores our obligation to work on structural, long-term issues, and serves to preserve gross societal inequities and problems. Welch offers her own definition of maturity: a recognition of the depth of evil in the world (and thus the need to act), and an acceptance that barriers to justice will not be removed by any one group or one generation (and thus the need to accept the world of limits). She calls for a "communicative ethics" of responsible action in which one is always engaged in collective reflection and action, including " mutually self-critical engagement" and accountability, in order to build the conditions for the pursuit of justice and peace,and sustain moral action and political activism. Her own reliance on teachings drawn from female African-American novelists embodies this very approach. She draws on "womanist" writings (a term preferred over "feminist" among many African-American women) "[nlot because [theirs] is the only 'true' voice, but because these voices disclose a knowledge of ethical responses and strategies [including "narratives of engaged goodness"] that is critical of my social location and [visions] of the possibilities for social change. " Better editing might have made this book less dense, or shorter and less ambitious. But its powerful rendering of a joyful and passionate path towards justice, even while acknowledging our limitations, is well worth the effort. Jews and Judaism as such are virtually invisible from this book, as are our multi-layered positions in relationship to the critique of '' Euro-American '' approaches and the consequent valuing of non-dominant voices. One Jewish critique of (and thus contribution to) Welch's approach: it's true that a theology of a transcendent God with absolute power can make human beings feel as though they are falling short and are powerless in the face of the work to be done. This presents a model of the good (Le. absolute power) that is often unattainable for those working for justice, while also reinforcing human pursuits of absolute power in the name of God. Yet the passionate Jewish commitment to a covenantal partnership with God, to our obligation to act in imitation of God's own ways-performing acts of caring, healing, and justice-can offer a "both/and" approach to reconciling a transcendent God-notion with the ethics of risk, and with new definitions of responsible action in the world.


The traditional evaluation methods incorporating risk techniques require the input of relative frequencies of parameters,which are not easily available in construction.So this paper proposes a method capable of modelling the effects of both monetary and non-monetary aspects of an investment option,using possibility theory to handle the inherent uncertainty associated with such aspects.To elicit criteria weights of the non-monetary factors properly,the hierarchical scaling method,ANP is recommended.The non-monetary aspects of BOT project are solved by this model,which is easier and more convenient to count.


Purpose – This paper examines co-location as an important solution to design workspaces in research and development (R & D). It argues that co-locating R & D units in multi-space environments serves knowledge creation by leveraging knowledge sharing across boundaries. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a co-location project of the knowledge-intensive, multi-national company Novartis. To compare communication and collaboration patterns, we interviewed and observed employees before and after co-location into the "co-location pilot" and investigated a control group that was not co-located. The use of data and method triangulation as a research approach underlines the inherent dynamics of the co-location in this study. Findings – The study suggests findings leveraging knowledge sharing in two different ways. Co-location of dispersed project team members increases unplanned face-to-face communication leading to faster and more precise flows of knowledge by transcending knowledge boundaries. C...


Measurements of the small-scale dissipation statistics of turbulent boundary layer flows with and without free-stream turbulence are reported for Reτ ≈ 1000 (Reθ ≈ 2000). The scaling of the dissipation scale distribution is examined in these two boundary conditions. Results demonstrated that the local large-scale Reynolds number based on the measured longitudinal integral length scale fails to properly normalize the dissipation scale distribution near the wall in these two free-stream conditions due to the imperfect characterization of the upper bound of the inertial cascade by the integral length scale. A surrogate found from turbulent kinetic energy and mean dissipation rate only moderately improved the scaling of the dissipation scales, relative to the measured integral length scale. When a length scale based on the distance from the wall [as suggested by Bailey and Witte, "On the universality of local dissipation scales in turbulent channel flow," J. Fluid Mech. 786, 234–252 (2015)] was utilized to sc...


We report the case of a baby boy who was brought by the parents to a Nigerian teaching hospital on the 4th day of life. He had multiple congenital anomalies, the features of which were consistent with Edwards syndrome. The challenges of managing such a child are hereby discussed.


As environmental change in the Arctic accelerates, there is a growing need to accurately quantify the response of Arctic ecosystems throughout the year. To assess the temporal coverage of observations of carbon and nutrient fluxes, we used literature synthesis, quantitative meta-analysis, and exploration of a novel biogeochemical dataset from one of the best-documented Arctic ecosystems: the headwaters of the Kuparuk River in Northern Alaska. The meta-analysis of 204 peer-reviewed studies revealed a strong temporal gap in observations of biogeochemistry and hydrology of the Kuparuk River, with substantially fewer observations from the early and late 'shoulders' of the thaw season (defined as the period before snowmelt or after plant senescence). To test and illustrate how much this bias might influence fundamental ecosystem level measurements, such as riverine carbon and nutrient fluxes, we used high-frequency, in-situ water chemistry sensors to estimate riverine export budgets across the thaw season for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) in the Kuparuk headwaters. With this novel dataset, we found that a large proportion (∼30%) of the annual export of DOC and NO3− occurred during the shoulder seasons, which are not well characterized even for this well-documented Arctic system. These analyses raise the broader question: what ecological information are we missing by giving these seasons the 'cold shoulder'? As climate change alters seasonality, filling this major data gap in the shoulder seasons is crucial to understand the response of Arctic ecosystems.


Microentrepreneurs contribute to the growth of electromobility, and hence to sustainable transport, by the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). This article attempts to identify key factors that may affect the growth of interest in AFV among microentrepreneurs. To find the key factors, data from 181 Polish microenterprises was collected and analyzed by means of the factor analysis. The results showed that in contrary to the popular opinion, it is not the price of the car that is crucial for its purchase, but the information that leads to knowledge about technical and utility values, and to legal and economic predictability.


Abstract A novel asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine (Coum-Pc) bearing three 7-ethynyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) coumarin and one ethyloxy azido groups was synthesized and characterized for the first time. This novel asymmetric Coum-Pc was covalently attached to single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) containing terminal ethynyl groups via the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (Click) reaction for preparation of coumarin bearing zinc(II) phthalocyanine functionalized SWCNT hybrid nanomaterial (SWCNT-Coum-Pc). Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst for water splitting behavior of SWCNT-Coum-Pc hybrid nanomaterial were evaluated. The SWCNT-Coum-Pc hybrid reduced the onset potential required for HER by approximately 200 mV compared to SWCNT catalyst in acidic medium. The SWCNT-Coum-Pc catalyst reduced the HER overpotential of 570 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline medium. It also exhibited outstanding activity in OER, required only an overpotential of 330 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Heterogeneous rate constants of the electrodes from impedance analysis were used to calculate the value of charge transfer resistance and the conductivity of the composite film. The presence of Coum-Pc groups on the SWCNT surface increased for both the conductivity and electron transfer rate of the SWCNT. Therefore, SWCNT-Coum-Pc hybrid significantly improved the performance of OER and HER for water splitting. The present work provided a promising ground for the of SWCNT-Coum-Pc hybrid as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.


The growing penetration of renewable energy in power system and the increasing adoption of demand response have brought about the challenges of operation in distribution systems with more uncertainty. Due to the intermittency of distributed generation, the centralized control of distribution systems must coordinate the operation of distributed generation and responsive load in a fast and reliable manner, while still attempting to achieve the profit maximization. This paper proposes a market based operation method for distribution companies, by smoothing out the fluctuating renewable generation with responsive load to ensure the reliable feeding of ordinary load. By going through the proposed steps which consists of responsive load grouping, mapping and shedding in an optimal way, the distribution company is able to perform the most economical control over the distributed sources and load. A case study demonstrated the use of the proposed method.


Dates on dynamics, number, structure of the population, quantitative structure of wolfs family, spectrum of feed, fruitfulness, helminthofauna of wolfs in territory of Ivanovo area during 1995–2011 are given.


We use the perfluorocarbon-functionalized polymer, poly(4-((1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)oxycarbonyl)styrene) [PPFOCS], as a model system with both surface molecular segregation and molecular orientation to test the capabilities of a near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy analysis scheme for polymer surfaces. Both NEXAFS spectroscopy and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show segregation of the −(CF2)7CF3 chain to the air/polymer interface with the styrenic portion underneath. Postedge analysis of the NEXAFS spectra indicates a low carbon atom density surface layer, of thickness 1.0–1.4 nm, due to the overlayer of perfluorocarbon chains. An analysis of the NEXAFS C 1s → π*C═C and C 1s → σ*C–F transitions accounting for the different depth distributions of the phenyl rings and fluorocarbon helices reveals strong orientational ordering with the orientational order parameter SC═C for the phenyl ring equal to −0.27 and for the C–F bonds in the fluorocarbon helix SC–F...


QCA is a technology which is transistor less and it is one of its kind and emerging technology. Working of QCA purely works on the principle of coulombic repulsions. Due to these coulombic repulsions of electrons in quantum dots, high speed digital circuits can be designed. When compared to existing CMOS technology, computational speed of Quantum Cellular Automata is significantly high. This paper mainly depicts the functioning and simulation results of BCD Adder which was designed using Quantum Cellular Automata. Digital Circuits with high complexity can be designed by using Quantum Cellular Automata by using crossovers. When crossovers and multi-layer connections are used area occupied by the circuit and delay time will be reduced.


"Sistem Maklumat Aduan Kemalangan Dan Penyakit Pekerjaan di Ladang" (SMAKPPL) is a web-based computer system developed to overcome the problems which aroused in reporting accidents and occupational diseases in farms, plantations or estates. Previously, the reporting accidents and occupational diseases activity by estate management or the public and the report's information management by Johore Occupaional safety and Health Department are conducted manually. This causes data loss to ocour together with time consumption and difficulties in retrieving report's information. Hence, this system is developed to help the public or the farms, plantations and estates management to report the accidents or occupational diseases that oocur to workers while working in the easiest and fastest way. Besides, the system can also be a tool to help the investigation officer to perform their job better. The main users of this system include estate management who wish to report the accidents or occupational diseases that occurred whether in the farms, plantations or estates the investigation officers, who produce the investigation reports and the director of the JKKPJ. The evolutionary prototyping methodology was used to develop SMAKPPL which this methodology allows users involvement in the testing phase and the softwares used were Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 2004 and MySQL.


. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Codex, ChatGPT and GPT-4 have significantly impacted the AI community, including Text-to-SQL tasks. Some evaluations and analyses on LLMs show their potential to generate SQL queries but they point out poorly designed prompts (e.g. simplistic construction or random sampling) limit LLMs' performance and may cause unnecessary or irrelevant outputs. To address these issues, we propose CBR-ApSQL, a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)-based framework combined with GPT-3.5 for precise control over case-relevant and case-irrelevant knowledge in Text-to-SQL tasks. We design adaptive prompts for flexibly adjusting inputs for GPT-3.5, which involves (1) adaptively retrieving cases according to the question intention by de-semantizing the input question, and (2) an adaptive fallback mechanism to ensure the informativeness of the prompt, as well as the relevance between cases and the prompt. In the de-semanticization phase, we designed Semantic Domain Relevance Evaluator(SDRE), combined with Poincar´e detector(mining implicit semantics in hyperbolic space), TextAlign(discovering explicit matches), and Positector (part-of-speech detector). SDRE semantically and syntactically generates in-context exemplar annotations for the new case. On the three cross-domain datasets, our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art(SOTA) model in execution accuracy by 3.7%, 2.5%, and 8.2%, respectively


As Italian American writers, Anna Monardo and Tony Ardizzone explore the connection between language and the hybrid identity of Italian Americans. Ardizzone's chosen mode of narration is the folktale. He both uses old ones and creates his own, telling them in such a way that one sees the language and cultural heritage of the immigrants. In Italy, these folktales can be found in Italo Calvino's Fiabe Italiane. By reading Calvino, one can see how Ardizzone has mined and used the oral traditions of his ancestors. Monardo uses the acquisition of the Italian language of her protagonist as a widening of social space in a Bildungsroman novel that takes place two generations after the large immigration wave. This examination of the Italian language looks at its relation to Italy, to America, and to the confluence of the two in social, historical, and political contexts. iii DEDICATION The time has come, my advisor said, To think of many things Of margins, words, and signatures, And tassels, gowns, and rings, And why Dey Hall is boiling hot Even though it's spring. But first, some thanks, where they are due Before I take my leave. For without these I would be stuck No diploma to receive. I'd be forced to ask for charity And my parents much would grieve. First to thank is my dear mom Who gave a helping hand In my times of stress and hysteria She made me to understand That some day would come the end of this And wouldn't life be grand? Next I shall send great gratitude Along my father's way For he offered solace incomparable That misbegotten day When my computer fried itself Taking my thesis away " Get thee to a Mac store quick! " He cried on the phone to me. Now is mine this marvelous Mac Bourne out of misery. Thanks to him I'm not locked away For reasons of insanity The red couch comes next in line today For on it I did sit. And ponder theories meaningless And other useless … So Katie darling thank you much For else I might have quit. Last but not least to Dr. Rao My gratitude is great He kept my words from foundering Along the narrow strait Between theories rough and tales of yore, My worries to abate. It's over now, though at times I thought I'd be like Atlas yet And push this boulder …


This article presents the thesis that the novel The ape is coming to pick up its skull (1943) by Yuri Dombrovsky bears the genre features of a pamphlet and the structure of the novel, which is subordinated to a didactic purpose – the work contains a warning against the dehumanization and degradation of culture. The novel aims to ridicule the fascists and their ideology. The narrator's attitude towards all the fascist protagonists is dominated by irony and sarcasm. The character construction of the fascists is ruled by schematism. The narrator emphasizes the animal element in them. They are compared to an ape who is a caricature hybrid of a human and a monkey. The "monkey" traits and behaviours are highlighted in their portraits. In the novel, the dialogues and disputes of the main opponents serve to expose the cynical demagogy of fascism and its inability to create any universal values.


Time-resolved expression of T2SS substrate genes. (A) Genes like htrA, egl (Xoo0281), celS and xynB were upregulated. (B) Genes like egl (Xoo0282), Xoo1077, engXCA and Xoo4035 were downregulated. egl (Xoo0283) was downregulated within 10 min and upregulated subsequently. The unit of time is min. Red lines indicate the expression levels of genes in control (untreated) Xoo cells. Y-axis represents fold-change. (PPTX 59 kb)


Objective To observe the clinical curative effect and side effect of treatment for the patients with malignant pleural effusion by minitraumatic tube installation with intrapleural injection of cisplatin and Aidi injection.Methods 54 patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into experiment group and control group,catheterized and drained after thoracentesis.Intrapleural injection of cisplatin and Aidi injection were administered in the experiment group,but only cisplatin was given in the control group.The therapies were repeated every one week for a total of four times.To observe the clinical efficacy,quality of life,and side-effects.Results The effective rate and improvement rate of life quality in experiment group were higher than that in control group,while the side-effect of chemotherapy was lower.There were statistical significance(P0.05)between two groups.Conclusion Treatment of malignant pleural effusion by minitraumatic tube installation with intrapleural injection cisplatin and Aidi injection is safe and effective,and also improves the quality of patients' life.


declare war, but 'urge the man . . . to propose war'. Col. 5.69: ξ α%υ7 υ7 δειξου0υ8 is not 'in this most marvelous way', but 'at the very moment of greatest peril'. Col. 9.9–10: τφξυσ βευαι is passive; not 'where does this thing rub?', but 'where is it destroyed?', 'where does our practice break down?' (J. H. Vince's translation of Dem. 10.44). G.'s commentary concentrates mainly on expounding the general purpose of each of the notes by Didymus and the other ancient commentators, and less on explaining minor details. There is some uncertainty about the level of G.'s readership; for example, a reference to the scholia on Aeschines is followed by the elementary explanation in parenthesis 'Aeschines was an Athenian orator and contemporary of Demosthenes' (p. 102), and yet, when 'the boats at Hieron' are mentioned (pp. 124–5), the reader is assumed to know where Hieron was and why boats might be assembled there. His bibliographical references are not entirely up-to-date: he seems to be unaware that Edmonds is not the latest or best authority on the fragments of comedy (pp. 123–4), nor Haigh on the Athenian theatre (p. 149). Generally, however, he gives full references for di¶erent views of each problem; in some places I should have liked him to tell us more conμdently which view he considers correct. Despite these cavils, I think G. has made a most important contribution to our understanding of Didymus and other ancient commentators.


The occurrence of a technical problem made it necessary to remove the transmitter from the SAS-B spacecraft. The transmitter was repaired and reinstalled in the spacecraft. After this operation it was necessary to test the mechanical properties of the reassembled spacecraft in a vibration test to be conducted near the spacecraft launching place on the San Marco Range in the Indian Ocean. A vibration system was, therefore, sent to San Marco. The design of the vibration system is discussed, giving attention also to alternative solutions for conducting the required tests.