Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes severe invasive infections (listeriosis) in humans. A novel protein of unknown function from L. monocytogenes serotype 4b, designated IspD, was previously identified as an immunogenic target that reacts with antiserum (RaL) from rabbits infected with live L. monocytogenes but not with antiserum (RaK) from animals immunized with heat-killed bacteria (Yu, MSc. thesis, 2004). This findings suggests that IspD is induced specifically or significantly upregulated in vivo during L. monocytogenes infection and thus may be important in bacterial pathogenesis. The open reading frame (ORF) of ispD, which had been partially determined in the previous study, was further sequenced to obtain a complete ORF of 3,222 bp coding for a 116 kDa protein of 1073 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of IspD revealed that this protein contained an N-terminal signaling peptide, leucine rich repeats (LRRs), and a C-terminal cell wall anchoring motif LPXTG, characteristic of a surface protein of the internalin family. The recombinant form of putatively mature IspD, expressed in Escherichia coli, was purified and used to raise specific polyclonal antibodies in rabbits for protein characterization. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling using anti-IspD antibodies showed that IspD was localized on the bacterial surface, consistent with the presence of a LPXTG motif within IspD. A low level of the native IspD, expressed by L. monocytogenes, was detected in all phases during a 48-h in vitro growth, although the gene was transcribed only in the early to exponential growth phases. This, together with the previous findings, suggests that IspD is upregulated during in vivo infection. Regulated expression of IspD is demonstrated by an increased expression of


This study sought to find out the effect of firm age on performance, using both financial (net profit before tax) and nonfinancial (operational) performance indicators. An ex post facto, descriptive correlation, descriptive comparative and crosssectional survey design was used. A sample of 409 firms was used with age ranges in six categories. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient test (α=0.884) and the Content validity ratio (CVR) for the instrument on performance was 0.93 (Mean CVR=0.93). Two hypotheses were tested: (i) there is a significant difference between firm age and the level of performance and (ii) there is a significant positive relationship between firm age and performance. Applying parametric statistical techniques, on way ANOVA and Regression analysis, both hypotheses were accepted. The effect size was revealed as financial (η2 = 0.99) and non financial (η2 = 0.07). The study also found that both financial and non financial indicators could be used as effective measures of performance. Suggestion was made that emphasis should not only be placed on starting up, but also on the sustainability and longevity of the firms that are operational in Kampala, Uganda.


Early modern Europe witnessed an eruption of news. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the burgeoning business of print, the professionalization of postal networks, confessional conflict, a...


In this study, the viscoelastic behavior of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes obtained from the hydrolysis of cationic acid salts (CAS's) as a function of their zwitterion fraction (x) and anion fraction (z) was studied. The dynamic viscosity (η′) dependence on frequency of polymer solutions of polybetaine/anionic polyelectrolyte (APE) with various compositions of x and z in 0.1N NaCl showed typical shear thinning behavior. η′ of a solution of CAS 4 (M2-4 (4 mol % hydrophobe)) attained a maximum value in the presence of 1.67 equiv of NaOH (corresponding to an x : z ratio of 33 : 67) and decreased with any further addition of NaOH. We suggest this maximum to be a result of a combined effect of coil expansion and hydrophobic association. The influence of the temperature and concentration on η′ of CAS 4 (M2-4) treated with 1.67 equiv of NaOH was also investigated. The rheology of CAS 4 (M2-4) samples treated with 1.67, 1.81, and 2.0 equiv of NaOH suggested a reversible network. However, for APE 7 (M2-5 (5 mol % hydrophobe)), elastic behavior was dominant, and the formation of highly interconnected three-dimensional networks was suggested. At lower x : z ratios, the effect of coil expansion due to a higher APE fraction was more than counterbalanced by the lower degree of intermolecular hydrophobic associations, whereas at higher x : z ratios, coil contraction became the predominant effect. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


There are calls from cultural resources professionals, academics, and diverse stakeholders for multivocality, co-creation of knowledge, and inclusion of local and traditional input in the management of cultural resources situated on public lands. Yet, associated communities often have little control or influence on management of their heritage sites beyond mandated consultation, particularly for archaeological sites. In a US National Park Service (NPS) context, managers are guided by standardized criteria, existing data management systems, and policy- and eligibility-based funding streams. The influences of these criteria, systems, and policies are particularly powerful when managers are prioritizing action for climate adaptation, as policy guidance focuses attention to cultural resources that are both significant and vulnerable to climate stressors. The results of a variety of engagement activities with Tribal Nations and NPS staff show that the co-creation of knowledge requires meaningful engagements, the valuing of Traditional Knowledges, and bridging the culture–nature divide. This paper highlights successful examples of such meaningful engagements and offers strategies for collaboration between NPS and citizens and staff of Tribal Nations in climate change adaptation planning for cultural resources on public lands. Scholars are increasingly documenting the exposure of archaeological sites to climate change stressors (e.g., Rockman 2015; Anderson et al. 2017; Sesana et al. 2021). The impacts of these stressors to sites are also being documented with more frequency, such as the deterioration of materials from increasingly salinized soils and extreme fires (Gruber 2011), and the displacement and loss of materials and physical context from erosion caused by riverine flooding (Howard et al. 2016), storm surge (Pollard-Belsheim et al. 2014), and sea level rise (Papadopoulos et al. 2021). On federal lands, climate adaptation guidance for archaeological sites typically focuses on minimizing physical deterioration or loss given management agencies' mandate of responsible cultural heritage stewardship (Rockman et al. 2016; Venture et al. 2021). Yet,


Nuneaton and Bedworth's highly popular Play Rangers will hold their annual Gold Awards at the Town Hall tonight, Thursday 27th November.


Archaic conscience as mythological conscience is not homogenous. Therefore, in the article the author actualizes the problem of division of the archaic conscience into two types: primordial, natural or physiogenous and sociogenous.


Design optimization in the absence of complete information about uncertain quantities has been recently gaining consideration, as expensive repetitive computation tasks are becoming tractable due to the invention of faster and parallel computers. This work uses Bayesian inference to quantify design reliability when only sample measurements of the uncertain quantities are available. A generalized Bayesian reliability based design optimization algorithm has been proposed and implemented for numerical as well as engineering design problems. The approach uses an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to obtain a trade-off front between design objectives and reliability. The Bayesian approach provides a well-defined link between the amount of available information and the reliability through a confidence measure, and the EA acts as an efficient optimizer for a discrete and multi-dimensional objective space. Additionally, a GPU-based parallelization study shows computational speed-up of close to 100 times in a simulated scenario wherein the constraint qualification checks may be time consuming and could render a sequential implementation that can be impractical for large sample sets. These results show promise for the use of a parallel implementation of EAs in handling design optimization problems under uncertainties.


Intestinal IELs reside within the epithelial cell layer of the gut and are composed of several subsets of T cells, including induced TCRαβ+CD4+, TCRαβ+CD8αβ+, and TCRαβ+CD4+CD8αβ+ IELs, and natural TCRαβ+CD8αα+ and TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs. Their close proximity to the gut lumen and their intimate association with enterocytes presumably allow IELs to serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens and to maintain homeostasis of the intestinal epithelial cells. Despite the fact that IELs have been studied for a long time, their exact biological function remains largely unknown. Early studies have revealed that intestinal colonization with commensal microbiota leads to expansion of TCRαβ+ IELs and their enhanced cytotoxic activity, indicating that a role for bacterial Ags in development and function of IELs. To investigate the role of food Ags in IELs, we analyzed IELs in offspring of germ-free B6 mice raised with elemental diet, designated as antigen-free mice. In antigen-free mice, we found a severe reduction in development of induced IELs, i.e., TCRαβ+CD4+, TCRαβ+CD8αβ+, and TCRαβ+CD4+CD8αβ+ IELs, and a partial depletion of natural TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs. The TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IEL population was relatively unaffected in antigen-free mice. We also observed a significant reduction in the ability of IELs to display effector function in antigen-free mice. Our results suggest that development and effector function of many subsets of IELs are strongly dependent on dietary antigens.


The embryo or germ of a rice seed is growing to the shoot and the root parts of a seedling. In the early stage, the germinated embryo directly receives food from the endosperm. How healthy of the seedling can be physically predicted by measuring the areas of the embryo and endosperm. In this work, we show for the first time how the embryo and endosperm areas of a brown rice can be spatially measured. Our key design is based on the utilization of a tablet equipped with our lens module for capturing the rice seed image under white light illumination. Our Windows-based program is developed to analyze and separate the image of the whole brown rice into the embryo and endosperm parts within 2 seconds per seed. Our tablet-based system is just 30×30×6 cm3 with 1 kilogram in weight, capable to easily carry to perform in the field.


Artificial Intelligence: saving lives and securing the future. The best pill for cancer patients: An exercise regime. Across the divide: Multidisciplinary team to achieve better outcomes for breast cancer patients. The state of cancer research in Asia. Clinical utility of and access to cancer molecular diagnostics in Asia. Reprogramming the immune system against cancer.


The chondritic meteorites are materials that are as old as the solar system itself characterized by variations in bulk chemical and oxidation state, and have long been considered possible building blocks that accreted to form the terrestrial inner planets. Enstatite chondrites contain nearly FeO free enstatite, silicon-rich kamacite and various sulfides indicating formation under highly reducing conditions. These materials could have participated in the formation of the Earth. However, "fingerprinting" of meteoritic materials has shown that no known meteoritic class corresponds to a hypothetical bulk Earth composition in every aspect. To derive constraints on early accretion and differentiation processes and possibly resolve the debate on the formation of the Earth, it is required to study experimentally a variety of chondritic materials and investigate their melting relations and elemental partitioning behavior at variable pressure (P), temperature (T) and oxygen fugacities (fO2). Variations in fO2 can indeed change chemical features and phase equilibria dramatically. The P-T phase diagrams of peridotites and carbonaceous chondrites have been extensively studied experimentally up to pressures and temperatures corresponding to the transition zone and lower mantle. Even though partial melting experiments have been conducted at ambient pressure on the enstatite chondrite Indarch, enstatite meteorites have never been experimentally investigated at high PT. The following investigation focuses on the effect of the fO2 on the phase relations of Indarch, an EH4 chondrite.


To realize the sustainable development of hospital, the scientific hospital develop view must be established and implemented. Hospital scientific development view must reflect the idea of people first, regard "patient oriented" as the primary task, and regard the satisfaction of the staff as the starting point and home of the work. Medicine, teaching and research should develop in an all-round way and coordinated, and must reflect the important thought of 'Three Represents', develop sustainably. Must take the way of intension construction and innovation to realize continuous innovation and high-efficient development goal. Must construct the core competitiveness of the hospital to realize the sustainable development. As to military teaching hospital, it means building key subjects, training the innovative talent team, strengthening scientific and technological innovation ability, establishing the clinical brand of treating and strengthening the idea of operation constantly. Only by means of intension construction and operation management innovation, could the hospital strengthen the core competitiveness and realize sustainable development.


Author(s): Hsu, Brian | Advisor(s): Ideker, Trey | Abstract: In this thesis, I develop a high-throughput framework to systematically identify beneficial genetic perturbations relative to a wild-type strain using an ultra-high density colony array. I applied the method to measure the fitness of ~8000 deletion and overexpression mutants across 6 metabolic conditions after growth on either an environment supplemented with all amino acids or an amino acid limited environment. I identified a set of genes corresponding to the respiration pathway, specifically the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, whose loss of function increases fitness. This phenomenon is involved in cancer pathogenesis and contributes to the Warburg effect. We find that the beneficial growth effect of loss of PDH function is only present under amino acid limited environments, which could suggest conditional requirements for beneficial events in cancer. I also found that the environmental history experienced by the cell affects the process of adaptation to a novel environment and can lead to a beneficial growth effect. Although this is a transient process, it is further evidence for the role of epigenetic inheritance in determining evolutionary outcome.


In this paper, a recently introduced accelerated sampling technique [D. Yevick, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 27, 1650041 (2016)] for constructing transition matrices is further developed and applied to a two-dimensional 32×32 Ising spin system. By permitting backward displacements up to a certain limit for each forward step while evolving the system to first higher and then lower energies within a restricted interval that is steadily displaced toward zero temperature as the computation proceeds, accuracy can be greatly enhanced. Simultaneously, the elements obtained from numerous independent calculations are collected in a single transition matrix. The relative accuracy of this novel method is established through a comparison to a transition matrix procedure based on the Metropolis algorithm in which the temperature is appropriately varied during the calculation and the results interpreted in terms of the distribution of realizations over both energy and magnetization.


It was difficult to adjust cannon rapidly and accurately in traditional all closed-loop gun control servo system because of the motional coupling.For this problem,the causes of the motional coupling were analyzed and the all closed-loop gun control servo cascade control technology was put forward.To control the adjust cannon angular rate and inhibit rate disturbance,motional coupling was regarded as the speed disturbance of the two servo control channels and the strapdown inertial navigation measured spatial angular rate was used as feedback to constitute spatial angular rate closed-loop.Through the theoretical analysis and simulation verification,the results show that all the closed-loop servo cascade control technology can effectively restrain the disturbance,and the servo system can achieve the cannon adjusting precision that the system required in a short time.


This protocol is used to process human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension compatible with dropletbased single-cell RNA-Seq technology. A majority of ascites samples have a high proportion (>90%) of CD45-expressing (CD45+) cells, thus greatly reducing the ability to capture non-immune and malignant cells. To address this issue, we have included a CD45+ cell depletion step to reduce the number of CD45+ cells. In such samples, where the proportion of immune cells is very high, a large proportion of both CD45+ and CD45cells can be recovered post-depletion, allowing simultaneous assessment of the immune and non-immune microenvironment. In cases with a lower initial proportion of CD45+ cells, however, non-immune cells tend to be dominant following CD45+ cell depletion. Of note, many ascites samples contain multicellular aggregates, or spheroids, which pose challenges during sample processing and dissociation. Larger aggregates are removed through an initial 70 μm straining (Step 14) whereas smaller residual aggregates, when present, can be removed through a final 30 μm straining (optional Step 20). Yet, we have encountered instances where small aggregates cannot be efficiently removed through straining. This protocol is not optimized for those cases. In addition, we would like to note that ascites can be quite variable and further optimization of this protocol may be needed to handle cases with atypical characteristics. For the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project (HTAPP), this protocol was successfully applied to 4 ovarian cancer ascites samples. Description of this protocol and guidance for testing and selecting methods for processing other tumor and sample types can be found in Slyper et al. DOI dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bhbkj2kw PROTOCOL CITATION Benjamin Izar, Parin Shah, Mei-Ju Su, Isaac Wakiro, Sara Napolitano, Jingyi Wu, Sébastien Vigneau, Asaf Rotem, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Bruce Johnson, Aviv Regev 2020. HTAPP_Processing human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bhbkj2kw LICENSE This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited CREATED Jun 09, 2020 LAST MODIFIED Aug 28, 2020 PROTOCOL INTEGER ID 37964 1 08/28/2020 Cita tion : Benjamin Izar, Parin Shah, Mei-Ju Su, Isaac Wakiro, Sara Napolitano, Jingyi Wu, SÃ©bastien Vigneau, Asaf Rotem, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Bruce Johnson, Aviv Regev (08/28/2020). HTAPP_Processing human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bhbkj2kw This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited


A systematic study on the formation of isolable nitrogen base–CO2 adducts is reported giving rise to the first water-stable adducts.


According to the calculating target requirement and mathematical characteristics of mould dimension chain,the characteristics of three methods for calculating the dimen sion chain were analyzed and the applicable situation was presented.


In the article,the warp─and weft yarns of PET woven fabric after heat─setting have been measured.The results showed that the fiber produced the defor-mation in the weaving process. The deformation of fiber results fron the contraction and crystallization of the fiber in the heat─setting. On the E─T curves exhibited E peak,the E value in creased and exhibited E peak with increasing of heat─setting temperature and changing of curl─angle. The E'max value decreased with increas-ing heat─setting temperature. The temperature of the position of E'max shifted to-wards higher temperature and higher than the heat─setting temperature.


This ePoster will discuss a model of collaborative learning which enhances
traditional tutorials. During the first semester of the academic year 2010-
2011 a project was funded by a grant from the Higher Education Academy
to develop and implement a method of collaborative learning for first
year philosophy tutorials by using a Moodle Forum and Moodle Wikis in
addition to face-to-face tutorials. This project was inspired by Aronson's
"jigsaw classroom" technique, which is a way of turning groups into small
groups, allowing all students to become subject experts and to teach and
be taught by their peers. Students in tutorial groups of fifteen were split
into three sub-groups of five students, with each sub-group being given a
particular question about the tutorial topic to focus on each week, and each
sub-group having a dedicated wiki, viewable only by that group. Tutorial
materials were delivered via a Moodle Forum and the three Moodle Wikis
prior to the tutorial and students were encouraged to post answers to the
tutorial questions before attending a tutorial (Moodle is the VLE used at
the university). During the tutorial, each sub-group had ten minutes to
discuss their answers and nominate a spokesperson. Each sub-group of
five then presented to whole of the tutorial group and taught them what
they had learned. By the end of each tutorial, each individual student had
built a model answer to whole of the tutorial topic, covering more ground
than would have otherwise been possible. This poster will discuss the
project findings. It will display detailed feedback from students in the form
of written comments. Students said that they felt comfortable discussing
new ideas, that they felt this model of learning was enjoyable and that it
facilitated productive learning. The tutor found that students engaged with
the academic subject from an early stage and were more confident in their
academic abilities than in previous years. The combination of using wikis
with face-to-face meetings facilitated a scaffolded approach to learning
and teaching, with the tutor intervening less as the course progressed,
suggesting that this model is worth adopting for other courses.


THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY STUDIES CARRIED OUT IN SIBERIA ON THE TREATMENT OF SILTY OR CLAYEY SOIL WITH CEMENT OR ORGANIC CHEMICAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING ACTIVE CATIONS (FURFURAL, ANILINE, ETC.) ARE PRESENTED IN TABULATED FORM. SPECIAL REFERENCE IS MADE TO THE INFLUENCE OF THE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF FINE CLAY. /LCPC/RRL/


1. the art that the invention defined in the claims The present invention will relate to wireless transmission / reception method for dynamically reconfiguring the sensor node in wireless sensor networks. 2. The invention attempts to solve the technical challenges The present invention, by a plurality of reconfiguring the sensor nodes transmit / receive using a program image for the (software upgrades and changes various types of settings), a wireless communication channel in operation, and improves operator convenience for the sensor node reconfigured for each sensor node, to provide for performing a dynamic reconfigured without taking the system down, the wireless transmission / reception method for dynamically reconfiguring the sensor node in wireless sensor networks that purpose. 3. Resolution of the subject matter of the invention, In the present invention, the radio transmission method for a dynamic sensor node reconfiguration from the base station node, the connection forming a plurality of wireless sensor nodes to the wireless communication channel; Node selection step of selecting a target sensor node of the plurality of the wireless sensor node; Information generation step of generating information for dynamic reconfiguration; And a transmission step of transmitting to the target sensor node to perform the operation for generating the information for a dynamically reconfigured dynamically reconfigured. 4. An important use of the invention, The invention yiyongdoem for wireless sensor networks. Dynamic reconfiguration, the radio communication channels, program images, the target sensor node, the wireless sensor network.


During the prenatal period, the development of the individual is influenced by a host of environmental factors. Exposure to noise stress during pregnancy was determined to result in the retardation of growth, a reduction in neurogenesis, and an impairment of spatial learning ability in the rat pups. In the present study, we have attempted to characterize the effects of prenatal treatment with Cnidium officinale Makino on spatial memory and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat pups born from maternal rats exposed to noise stress during pregnancy. Prenatal treatment with Cnidium officinale Makino was shown to increase neurogenesis and enhanced spatial learning ability in rat pups born from maternal rats exposed to noise stress. In this study, we have determined that prenatal treatment with Cnidium officinale Makino can stimulate spatial development and neurogenesis in the brain of the fetuses exposed to prenatal stresses.


Yukigatas are complex patterns on mountainsides formed by combinations of bright domains covered with remaining snow and dark domains of ground or trees. A positive type (bright) yukigata shows its pattern on the hillside as remaining snow and a negative type (dark) yukigata shows its pattern as ground or trees. The formation mechanism of yukigatas is closely related to snowpack, snowmelt and topography. In this paper, I analyze two representative yukigatas, one positive and one negative, with aerial photographs and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Then, I examine the relation between the origin of yukigatas and topography. The positive type yukigata called "Nichirin" (the sun) forms on landslide terrain that has an abrupt change in slope. Avalanche debris piles up below the steep slope in an area that is circular in shape. The negative type yukigata called "Hane-uma" (galloping horse) forms under a cliff on steep slopes of 35 degrees or more. Full-depth avalanches are apt to take place these denuding that slope. Thus, the formation of these two yukigatas is mainly due to topography that causes avalanche release.


The nutritional value of stuffed meatballs made with minced rainbow trout rather than red meat in the stuffing was investigated, as well as color variations (L *, a *, and b *) and sensory quality, using two different cooking methods (boiling and frying) on samples stored in the freezer (-18 o C). As a result of this research, the moisture, the crude ash, the lipid


NWA 10214 is an LL3‐6 breccia containing ~8 vol% clasts including LL5, LL6, and shocked‐darkened LL fragments as well as matrix‐rich Clast 6 (a new kind of chondrite). This clast is a dark‐colored, subrounded, 6.1 × 7.0 mm inclusion, consisting of 60 vol% fine‐grained matrix, 32 vol% coarse silicate grains, and 8 vol% coarse opaque grains. The large chondrules and chondrule fragments are mainly Type IB; one small chondrule is Type IIA. Also present are one 450 × 600 μm spinel‐pyroxene‐olivine CAI and one 85 × 110 μm AOI. Clast 6 possesses a unique set of properties. (1) It resembles carbonaceous chondrites in having relatively abundant matrix, CAIs, and AOIs; the clast's matrix composition is close to that in CV3 Vigarano. (2) It resembles type‐3 OC in its olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene compositional distributions, and in the Fe/Mn ratio of ferroan olivine grains. Its mean chondrule size is within 1σ of that of H chondrites. The O‐isotopic compositions of the chondrules are in the ordinary‐ and R‐chondrite ranges. (3) It resembles type‐3 enstatite chondrites in the minor element concentrations in low‐Ca pyroxene grains and in having a high low‐Ca pyroxene/olivine ratio in chondrules. Clast 6 is a new variety of type‐3 OC, somewhat more reduced than H chondrites or chondritic clasts in the Netschaevo IIE iron; the clast formed in a nebular region where aerodynamic radial drift processes deposited a high abundance of matrix material and CAIs. A chunk of this chondrite was ejected from its parent asteroid and later impacted the LL body at low relative velocity.


We consider the class of compact Hermitian manifolds whose Chern connection is Ambrose-Singer, namely, it has parallel torsion and curvature. We prove structure theorems for such manifolds.


I started my medical studies at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm in 1949. I had actually planned to become a high school teacher and to that end had spent a semester studying literature and Nordic languages at the University of Uppsala. But money constraints led me to apply instead to study at Karolinska Institutet, where I was accepted and also obtained a welcome stipend covering housing and meals. I soon became quite interested in this new field and especially enjoyed the course in physiological chemistry at the department of chemistry. In 1951, the head of the department, Professor Erik Jorpes, allowed me to join his research group. In the meantime I had married a classmate, Margareta Wetter, and I told Professor Jorpes thatMargareta was also interested in research work, so she was admitted too. Erik Jorpes suggested that we participate in studies on heparin, discovered by him as glycosaminoglycan in the 1930s. That involved work on the standardization of heparin, in vivo assays of heparin in sheep, and a method for fast assay of heparin during extracorporeal circulation. In order to neutralize thrombin, heparin needed a co-factor (now known as antithrombin) in plasma. We wanted to study this process and therefore needed purified fibrinogen. At that time the available fibrinogen preparations were either not sufficiently stable or too impure. This brings us close to the roots of the Fibrinogen Metamorphosis Tree (Fig. 1), which was to send out numerous branches as time went by. But the co-factor we had intended to study was more or less forgotten. We started by precipitating fraction 1 out of plasma according to Cohn's method 6 [1]. Fifty per cent of the protein in this fraction consisted of plasma proteins other than fibrinogen. As a preliminary for further purification we did not want to dissolve fraction 1 in buffer and thus risk activation of coagulation factors such as prothrombin. Extraction of such factors under conditions that prevented activation seemed to be an option. In line with studies by Sörensen's andCohn's groups we considered the effects of dipolar ions, like the amino acid glycine, on the solubility of proteins [2]. At low concentrations, glycine increases the solubility of certain proteins but decreases it at much higher concentrations. Experiments showed that separation of contaminants was highly effective in the presence of glycine; thus, high concentrations enhanced the salting out effect on fibrinogen while the contaminants were still very soluble. Extraction in slightly acid buffer containing 1 M glycine and 6.5% ethanol, at )3 C, yielded a product, named fraction I-O, which was highly coagulable with thrombin and quite stable in solution [2].


Ingredient ratio for making nabak kimchi and the manufacturing method were standardized from the available literatures. Fermentation properties and production of the nabak kimchi were investigated during the fermentation at . Standardized ingredients ratio of nabak kimchi that added 100 mL of water was as follows: 45.0 g baechu cabbage, 26.9 g radish, 1.9 g green onion, 1.0 g red pepper, 1.2 g crushed garlic, 0.9 g crushed ginger, 0.7 g red pepper powder. The standardized manufacturing method of nabak kimchi was as follows: washing ingredients, cutting radish and baechu cabbage , salting for 20 min, washing and draining, pretreatment of ingredients, dissolving red pepper powder in water, blending, mixing, and adding the water to the mixed ingredients. Fermentations at for 8 days, at for 3 days, and at for 1 day led to the acidity levels of , respectively. From the relationships between optimally ripened pH and acidity, nabak kimchi showed lower acidity of with pH Like other kinds of kimchi, the Levels of Leuconostoc sp. were high specially at later stage of fermentation at low temperature . However, the levels of Lactobacillus sp. were low at . Nabak kimchi produced high levels of in the initial fermentation period and followed by rapid decrease of production with the fermentation. From the relationships between pH and content, the highest contents were found pH , 3.8 and 3.4 at , and , respectively. This fact indicated that fermentation at has the highest content at optimally ripened pH of 4.3 and the fermentation at lower temperature such as could extend the eatable time of nabak kimchi.


Taking its cues from the 'substantivist' economics of Karl Polanyi, the paper retraces a socio-economic history of the Pilbara from the pastoral capitalism of the region's initially tenuous colonial settlement to the contemporary regime of extractive capitalism. Spatial fixes have been etched deeply into the landscape of this heterogeneously 'productive' region, but crises of social reproduction have remained endemic. Since the nineteenth century, disequilibrium has been the reigning principle, as successive failures of commodification and marketisation have marked a long and non-linear history of double movements.


Special transitional modes and the possibility of damage to the equipment of electric and transformer substations may occur during the operation of high-voltage transmission lines. This leads to mechanical failure of the technological equipment by short circuit currents or arc that occurs at the site of the damage. Special devices for the recognition of harmonic signals and images based on the Hamming distance are successfully used to solve such problems. They are used in the case of perturbations in high-voltage transmission lines such as charges, short to ground and the launch of powerful electrical appliances. The block diagram of the device for identification of charges, short to ground and the launch of powerful electric drives in the transmission lines is proposed in the paper. Time charts of straightened values of phase voltage, current and phase difference at charges, short circuits and the launch of powerful electrical appliances in high voltage transmission lines, are calculated. The structure of the pulse special processor on the basis of the threshold integral quadrant is characterized. The structural scheme of a special processor for determining the Hamming distance in the Rademacher theoretic-numerical basis is developed. An example of the structure of a correlation special processor for recognizing and determining the distance to the source of an acoustic signal, which is given at the polygon of a two-dimensional Hamming space in Cartesian coordinates, is shown. The structural scheme of the device for determining the Hamming distance between two signals in the number-theoretic basis of Rademacher and Haar is developed. The development of a special processor for determining the Hamming distance in the number-theoretic basis of Haar-Kresterson is a promising direction for the development of devices for the recognition of harmonic signals and images based on the estimation of the Hamming distance in the case of perturbations in high-voltage transmission lines such as charges, short to ground and the launch of powerful electrical appliances. Such a special processor is characterized by significantly faster performance compared with existing analogues.


Now in four-color, this outstanding text for the first course in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) focuses on how PLCs work and gives students practical information about installing, programming, and maintaining PLC systems. It's not intended to replace manufacturer's or user's manuals, but rather complements and expands on the information contained in these materials. All topics are covered in small segments. Students systematically carry out a wide range of generic programming exercises and assignments. All of the information about PLCs has been updated.
Table of contents
1 Programmable Logic Controls (PLCs): An Overview2 PLC Hardware Components3 Number Systems and Codes4 Fundamentals of Logic5 Basics of PLC Programming6 Fundamental PLC Wiring Diagrams and Ladder Logic Programs7 Programming Timers8 Programming Counters9 Program Control Instructions10 Data Manipulation Instructions11 Math Instructions12 Sequencer and Shift Register Instructions13 PLC Installation Practices, Editing, and Troubleshooting14 Process Control and Data Acquisition Systems15 Computer-Controlled Machines and Processes


The study was conducted in the Kundam block of district Jabalpur to investigate the determinants of adaptation measures towards climate variability. Five villages of Kundam block were selected on the basis maximum area under Rice – Wheat cropping system. Total 100 farmers' were selected by the proportionate random sampling method. The study reveals that higher per cent (61%) of farmers had medium level of adaptation and mean value of adaptation level was 68.11 and a standard deviation 4.36 of data. The results of regression analysis indicated that all the 20 variables fitted in a regression equation accounted for 76.30 per cent (R = .763) variation in adapted adaptation measures. The results of regression analysis further revealed that credit access, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour, scientific orientation and perception towards climate variability were the main determinants of adaptation measure in Jabalpur district. Planners and development workers should formulate policies to improve these factors to improve farmers' adaptation to climate variability in the region.


A lotus root simple and laborsaving cultivation and loach intercropping method completes simple and laborsaving cultivation of lotus roots by the steps of plot design, selection of lotus root species, fixed planting in good time, field management, pest prevention and control, harvesting in good time and the like, and includes the loach intercropping steps: putting loaches in fields when more than 10 lotus root floating leaves and vertical leaves grow and the average height of the vertical leaves is more than 0.5 meter; breeding 5000-10000 loaches per mu; and putting special feed for the loaches at four corners of the fields in a fixed point manner. The method has the advantages that 40-mesh nylon gauze laid on the bottom layer is low in cost, economic and durable and can enable fibrils of the lotus roots to be connected with the stratum so that permeable and breathable performances are good, and soil fertilizers are high in utilization ratio; and the lotus roots are white naturally, good in quality, convenient to harvest and high in economic benefit. Besides, the loaches are intercropped by taking full advantages of water fertilizers of the lotus roots, the feed and fertilizer water for breeding the loaches promote growth and yield increase of the lotus roots, comprehensive development is carried out, and more than 6000 RMB production value per mu can be increased if more than 5000 loach fries are bred per mu.


In this era of the millennial generation, the role of modern digital media is very important because of technological developments, leaders are required to understand and be sensitive to the use of media in the digital era and implement communication within the organization. Good leadership communication will ensure that each member of the organization can do their job well. Without a good and correct communication network, it is possible that all processes within the organization cannot run optimally.Becoming a good leader in the current and future millennial generation is a critical challenge. With the times, many leaders have emerged due to environmental demands and conditions that must understand technology. Social media itself refers to internet-based applications, including social networks, wikis, blogs, and so on, which allow the creation and sharing of user-generated content. With the existence of social media can directly change the way people run their social lives. This includes changing the way people interact in the office. A leader in an office or an institution must also be good at communicating and conducting public communication in addition to being an expert in using social media.Communication is a process by which a person or persons, groups, organizations, and societies create, and use information to connect with the environment and other people


The study examines whether English and Indonesian research articles written by their respective native speaker scholars are significantly different from each other in terms of the number of hedges used. Hedges are rhetorical features (e.g. may, perhaps, suggest) used to withhold complete commitment to the truth-value of propositions. The ultimate goal of the study is to examine whether Indonesian scholars need special instruction in hedging propositions. The assumption underlying the present study is that when they write in English, Indonesian scholars will deploy rhetorical features inherent in the Indonesian academic writing. Statistical analysis on 52 Applied Linguistics research articles (26 from each language) reveals that English research articles contain significantly more hedges than their Indonesian counterparts (Mann-Whitney U = 68.00, n1 = n2 = 26, p < 0.05, r = - 0.69), suggesting that Indonesian scholars are indeed in need of instruction that specifically focuses on hedging propositions in English.


Objective:To investigate MRI features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(XGC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 15 patients with histological confirmed XGC.All patients underwent preoperative MRI scanning.The MRI features were: the presence of intramural nodules,mucosal line,the patterns of wall thickening and enhancement,and the presence of stones in the gallbladder.Peribiliary fat tissue and liver parenchyma changes were also reviewed.MRI features were correlated with pathologic findings.Results:Gallbladder wall thickening occurred in all of the 15 cases.The thickness of gallbladder wall was differ from 0.8cm to 2.6cm,in which 2 cases were local thickening,13 cases were diffuse thickening;2 cases were homogeneous thickening,and 11 cases had inhomogeneous thickening.Nodules were found in 10 patients,which were low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity T2WI.Mucous membrane enhanced significantly in all cases,in which 11 cases had intact mucosal lining,4 cases had interrupted mucosal lining.All patients had cholecystolithiasis.Temporal enhancement of arterial phase in liver parenchyma in all case.Seven cases associated with liver abscess.Six cases had duodenal adhesions.Conclusion:Frequent image manifestations of XGC were asymmetrical thickening of gallbladder wall,nodule in gallbladder wall,intact mucosal lining,and temporal enhancement of arterial phase in liver parenchyma.All of these features were relevant to pathological results.


A study of 658 retired persons provided information on the characteristics most desired in retirement centers. Their current leisure time activities were also asked. The study was conducted for the management of a retirement center. This article focuses on the effectiveness of three treatments designed to enhance the response rate to the mailed questionnaire. The combination of the three factors produced response rates from 18% to 47%. The most effective approach focused on the lack of an offer of results, using an altruistic appeal and not encouraging persons to complete the demographics section.


Abstract Transverse colon volvulus is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction. Moreover, a thoracic herniation into the thorax is still rare. An early diagnosis and treatment are critical to the patient since they can lead to bowel infarction, peritonitis and death. We reported a 55-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department at a hospital. She presented with severe abdominal pain, mainly in the epigastrium, associated with dyspnea, nausea and vomiting. An abdominal CT scan showed a large hiatal hernia in the thorax with signs of volvulus in the involved segment.


On 20th February 2016, the most energetic cyclone in recorded history, the category 5 Tropical Cyclone (TC) Winston, tracked through central Fiji causing widespread damage and loss of life. At its peak, ten-minute sustained wind speeds of 230 kph were recorded, with wind gusts of over 300 kph. The eye of the cyclone passed within 25 km of Qamea Island in northeastern Fiji, with the strongest winds occurring from the northwest. After the cyclone had passed, a cay had formed on the southern fringing reef system ~1 km offshore of Qamea Island. The initial survey of the new cay (given the name Winston Island), found a mound of broken coral, sand and other debris some 1.8 m high by 105 m long and 15 m wide. Six weeks later the cay had reduced to only a fraction of the initial size (<30 m by 0.6 m high). It was expected that the cay was fated to disappear completely and the barrier reef flat to return to the pre-cyclone condition. However, 4 months later Winston Island had increased in size to be 126 m long and 2.0 m high, and has continued to slowly grow in size. While the formative mechanism was confidently determined (i.e. 2.5-3.0 m waves generated by TC Winston), and the initial chronic reduction in material was also intuitive, the mechanism which led to the subsequent rebuilding of Winston Island warranted investigation. This paper investigates the formative mechanisms that resulted in Winston Island and documents the subsequent changes to its morphology over the following year.


PURPOSE
To determine whether hospital-based, home care, and district nurses identify a core set of organizational attributes in the nursing work environment that they value as important to the support of professional practice.

DESIGN
Survey data, collected in 2002-2003 from 403 home care nurses in the United States (US) and 320 district nurses in New Zealand (NZ), were pooled with an existing data set of 669 hospital-based nurses to conduct this descriptive, nonexperimental study.

METHODS
The importance of organizational attributes in the nursing work environment was measured using the Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R). Frequency distributions and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

FINDINGS
At least 80% of hospital-based, home care, and district nurses either agreed or strongly agreed that 47 of the 49 items comprising the NWI-R represented organizational attributes they considered important to the support of their professional nursing practice. Mean importance scores among home care nurses, however, were significantly lower than were those of the other two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, hospital-based, home care, and district nurses had a high level of agreement regarding the importance of organizational traits to the support of their professional practice. The intensity of the attributes' importance was less among home care nurses. Further research is needed to determine whether this set of organizational traits, measured using the NWI-R, is associated with positive nurse and patient outcomes in home care and district nursing practice, as has been shown in acute care settings.


Three kinds of traditional concept semantic similarity computation models based on the domain ontology is introduced.In al-lusion to the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of computation models,as well as the peculiar characteristic of domain on-tology,an improved domain ontology-based concept semantic similarity computation model is put forward.It is proved that the com-putation model can be used to calculate the concepts and property similarity which is defined in ontology constructors,and help to extend the query concepts sets and rate query results in semantic retrieval system,and provide an effective quantification between concepts.


The local single-particle and density correlation functions for the symmetric Wolff model are derived analytically. The scattering channels are separated by means of the Stratonovich-Hubbard transformation and the associated one-body problem is solved explicitly in the long-time limit. A stationary phase argument yields expressions for the correlation functions in the weak-coupling limit. The single-particle correlation function acquires a time-dependent phase shift due to the readjustment of the spin-up and spin-down Fermi systems. The spin-up and spin-down Fermi systems relax on a timescale determined by the inverse bandwidth. In the intermediate- and strong-coupling regimes many-body effects intervene and the calculation breaks down.


In this paper we consider a method for monitoring a clinical trial whose patients are sequentially evaluated for response. We focus on a parameter representing treatment effect. Adopting a Bayesian approach we suggest to update progressively prior information on this unknown quantity: in particular, we monitor the trend of the posterior probability that the parameter is larger than a minimally clinical relevant value, as responses are collected. The trial is terminated with success as soon as this probability exceeds a prefixed threshold; if this does not happen before a preplanned maximum sample size is reached, the treatment is declared ineffective. Hence, the sample size is a random variable associated to the chosen stopping rule. With a simulation study we show that the expected sample size is always smaller than the preplanned optimal sample size and we illustrate an application to compare the sequential and the non sequential procedure. Finally, a robust version of the sequential criterion is proposed in which a single prior distribution is replaced by a suitable class of prior distributions.


The objective of this study was to categorize and describe the behavior of chemistry education students' metacognitive skills who had a low chemical understanding (low ability) in solving problems. The findings would be the basis of data for the development of instructional design on chemistry topics by utilizing metacognitive skill aspects. The subject of this study was two first-year students of chemical education, academic year 2016/2017 that joined a basic chemistry course at the low-level ability in Universitas Tadulako. Two subjects were picked through networking using a valid test comprehension. The subjects were determined regarding the percentage of low ability which was 87% of 79 students. The profile data of metacognitive skill were obtained through an essay test, think aloud and interview. The earned data were reviewed, grouped, encoded, and examined to see its credibility employing the method and time triangulation. The research found that both students of chemistry education having a low-level of basic chemistry adopted planning skills in solving problems which were the problem identifying, goal determining, and strategy managing. However, both did not use monitoring and evaluating skills.


In sensor management for target tracking, the existing sensor selection methods based on information entropy generally select the sensor that brings the most information gain for target; however, for multi-dimension state vector of target, information gain for target in the specified dimension cannot be guaranteed. For the ambiguity problem in the measure for multi-dimension state vector using information entropy, this study proposes a sensor selection method based on single dimension information gain of the target, which uses particle filter to compute the marginal probability density of target state in the specified dimension and exploits the Kullback–Leibler divergence to measure the information gain of target in the specified dimension, in such a way, by selecting the sensor that brings the most information gain for target in the specified dimension. The proposed method can guarantee higher tracking accuracy gain of target in the specified dimension and obtain more reliable tracking results. Experiment results illustrate that the proposed method has a higher track accuracy of position and velocity in the specified dimension than sensor selection method based on target state entropy.


A compact group of galaxies centered on the bright lenticular galaxy NGC 524 is investigated in detail. The group members are selected by means of the force hierarchy clustering method. The group area is scrutinized on the POSS copies and, as a result, about a dozen of faint, most likely dwarf companions are detected. The surface number density profile is outlined and different structural and dynamical characteristics are determined for the samples of certain and probable group members. The radial velocity dispersion of 177 km s and the harmonic mean radius of 340 kpc provide the dynamical mass 2.4 X 10 M@ and mass-toluminosity ratio ~ 190 ( M / L ) Q for the central component of the group (H0 = 75 km s 1 M p c 1 ) . Evidences of segregation between spiral and lenticular group members are pointed out.


Some enterprises would place their core business system in the enterprise network and cut off the connection with the external network, in order to prevent network attacks from outside. Enterprises often need to move business data from the external network to the enterprise network. There will be needs of across-network transmission. In this paper, a one-way transmission technology in network isolation environment is proposed. The method proposed in this paper uses one-way fiber Ethernet adapters and simplex serial lines to establish a reliable one-way transmission channel. The two one-way transmission components have no reverse channel, no online connection can be established on both sides. This method could prevent network attacks. Compared with the existing one-way transmission technology using one-way fiber Ethernet adapter, the method described in this paper can achieve higher stability, and has higher transmission speed when transmitting large packets.


The significance of the CAE application in optimizing design is presented. The present research and development trend about the CAE application of aluminum extrusion die are discussed.


You might find this additional information useful... This article cites 35 articles, 7 of which you can access free at: http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/80/1/344#BIBL This article has been cited by 3 other HighWire hosted articles: € [Abstract]€ [Full Text]€ J Neurophysiol, September 1,€1999; 82€(3): 1352-1362. C. J. Wierenga and W. J. Wadman Epileptogenesis Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic Currents in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons After Kindling€ [Abstract]€ [Full Text]€ [PDF] J. Neurosci., February 4,€2004; 24€(5): 1190-1199. A. Hayar, S. Karnup, M. T. Shipley and M. Ennis Are Entrained by Patterned Olfactory Input Olfactory Bulb Glomeruli: External Tufted Cells Intrinsically Burst at Theta Frequency and€ [Abstract]€ [Full Text]€ [PDF] Physiol Rev, January 1,€2005; 85€(1): 281-317. P.-M. Lledo, G. Gheusi and J.-D. Vincent Information Processing in the Mammalian Olfactory System on the following topics: Medline items on this article's topics can be found at http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/artbytopic.dtl Medicine .. Kidney Glomerulus Neuroscience .. Olfactory Bulb Physiology .. Glomerulus Physiology .. Anura Physiology .. Rats Biophysics .. Smell Updated information and services including high-resolution figures, can be found at: http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/80/1/344 Additional material and information about Journal of Neurophysiology can be found at: http://www.the-aps.org/publications/jn This information is current as of March 17, 2005 . € Physiological Society. ISSN: 0022-3077, ESSN: 1522-1598. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/.


among the Asian population. This study examines the relationship between severity of depressive symptoms and cognitive function domains among US Chinese older adults. Research Design and Methods: The study included 3,157 PINE study participants who are 60 years old or above and self-identify as Chinese. Depressive symptoms were measured with PHQ-9 and were classified into three categories: no depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 = 0), mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 = 1–9) and severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≧ 10). Cognitive function was measured with a global cognitive z score, consisting of MMSE, East Boston Memory Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Digit Span Backwards tests. Multiple linear regression was conducted, and additional analyses run in different groups depressive symptom severity. Result: Overall, depressive symptoms were associated with lower cognitive function (b=-0.02 (0.00), p < .001). Compared to those with no depressive symptoms, participants with mild depressive symptoms (b=-0.13 (0.02), p < 0.001) and severe depressive symptoms (b=-0.37 (0.05), p < 0.001) both had lower global cognitive function. This pattern was reflected in all cognitive domains at significant levels. Discussion and Implication: Our study suggests that the severity of depressive symptoms may impact cognitive function levels; future longitudinal studies are needed.


Abstract : Research discussed in this report involved the developmment of a computer-based assignment system which became operational Air Force-wide 1 November 1976. The Person-Job Match System was the computer algorithm which matched potential recruits with available jobs. This algorithm, when operationally implemented, became the assignment algorithm of the Air Force Advanced Personnel Data System's Procurement Management Information System (APDS-PROMIS). This report presents the assignment concept, methods of combining multiple objectives, the conceptual payoff equation, baseline performance data, and future directions anticipated. (Author)


Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to date to be of value in the high-risk population. Challenges in interpretation are present. Maintaining a high volume of examinations in dedicated centers definitely impacts positively on experience in interpretation. MR-guided intervention is a necessity in all diagnostic centers where breast MRI is performed. Guidelines in interpretation should be used in conjunction with optimum technique and by combining kinetic and morphologic information with clinical history and conventional imaging (mammography and ultrasound) findings, a recommendation for management can be made with more assurance.


. We study an eigenvalue problem involving variable exponent growth conditions and a non-local term, on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R N . Using adequate variational techniques, mainly based on the mountain-pass theorem of A. Ambrosetti and P. H. Rabinowitz, we prove the exis- tence of a continuous family of eigenvalues lying in a neighborhood at the right of the origin.


Michael Gawenda, one of Australia's most distinguished journalists, came to Australia after the devastation of World War II forced his Jewish parents to flee.


The state assessment of power transformer is the precondition and key to realize power transformer maintenance. The fault system of power transformer can be recognized as a typical grey system. A new method is given to recognize power transformer state without the standard fault model. It introduces grey target theory into state assignment of power transformer. Combining the popular technology of dissolved gases analyses, the arithmetic step for state assessment of power transformer is given. The method uses variable weight to replace equal weight, which is closer to the actual state of power transformer. Variable weight is ascertained by grey target contribution degree technology. The experiment results show it is a new and available method for state assessment of power transformer without the standard fault model, and its validity and efficiency is proved by many examples.


The cloud service market has seen a tremendous growth in recent years. Consequently, more and more service providers have entered this dynamic market, turning it into one of the most competitive markets in modern IT industry. With the market becoming mature, providers that focused on growth strategies in the past, however, need to shift their attention to profitability now. Based on a qualitative study with 14 cloud service experts, the authors explore the relationship between cloud service provider profitability and value facilitation, i.e., the capability to build up resources in advance of future customer engagements. The authors' results indicate a positive relationship between cloud service profitability and value facilitation, which gives valuable insights for both researcher and practitioners and how to design cloud service offerings.


IMPORTANCE
Most patients with oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OCSCC) are initially seen at an early stage (I and II). Although patient and tumor prognostic features have been analyzed extensively, population-level data examining how variations in treatment factors impact survival are lacking to date.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze associations between treatment variables and survival in stages I and II oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Retrospective study of cases in the National Cancer Data Base. Patients diagnosed as having stage I or II OCSCC between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2006, and treated with surgery were identified. Univariate and multivariable analyses of overall survival based on patient, disease, and treatment characteristics were conducted.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Overall survival and survival at 5 years.

RESULTS
In total, 6830 patients were included. Survival at 5 years was 69.7% (4760 patients). On univariate analysis, treatment factors associated with improved survival included treatment at academic or research institutions, no radiation therapy, no chemotherapy, and negative margins (P < .001 for all). Neck dissection was associated with improved survival (P = .001), reflecting pathologic restaging and elimination of patients with occult nodal disease. Patients treated at academic or research institutions were more likely to receive neck dissection and less likely to receive radiation therapy or have positive margins. On multivariable analysis, neck dissection (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94; P = .003) and treatment at academic or research institutions (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26; P = .03) were associated with improved survival, whereas positive margins (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08-1.49; P = .005), insurance through Medicare (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25-1.69; P < .001) or Medicaid (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.60-2.39; P < .001), and adjuvant radiation therapy (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16-1.49; P < .001) or adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.75; P = .03) were associated with compromised survival.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Prognostic impacts of treatment factors in early OCSCC are presented. Overall survival for early OCSCC varies with demographic and tumor characteristics but also varies with treatment and system factors, which may represent targets for improving outcomes in this disease.


Textual entailment models are increasingly applied in settings like fact-checking, presupposition verification in question answering, or summary evaluation. However, these represent a significant domain shift from existing entailment datasets, and models underperform as a result. We propose WiCE, a new fine-grained textual entailment dataset built on natural claim and evidence pairs extracted from Wikipedia. In addition to standard claim-level entailment, WiCE provides entailment judgments over sub-sentence units of the claim, and a minimal subset of evidence sentences that support each subclaim. To support this, we propose an automatic claim decomposition strategy using GPT-3.5 which we show is also effective at improving entailment models' performance on multiple datasets at test time. Finally, we show that real claims in our dataset involve challenging verification and retrieval problems that existing models fail to address.


The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) launched from the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) in December 2021. JWST's requirements permitted processing in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 7 or better facilities, but CSG was only equipped with ISO Class 8 facilities. To temporarily upgrade the air cleanliness in the Payload Processing Facility, Fueling Hall, and Final Assembly Building Encapsulation Hall, NASA provided two portable High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) and carbon filter walls that were used in each location. The walls were comprised of stacks of two modules high and arranged in push-push configurations as shown to be most effective via Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of expected floor layouts in each facility. After delivery to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in 2020, the walls underwent initial verification measurements inside a cleanroom and validation testing in an uncontrolled area to quantify their improvement of air cleanliness and particle and molecular fallout. Validation testing showed improvements of 83-99% for airborne particle counts, 79-91% for particle fallout, and 50- 90% for molecular fallout. The particle improvements were applied to the contamination budget analysis that tracked current and predicted future cleanliness against End-of-Life requirements for JWST's critical surfaces. At CSG, the walls successfully maintained an ISO Class 7 environment or better within their envelope in each location, despite their presence in ISO Class 8 facilities with dense integration operations.


Water pollution by toxic metals and metalloids (e.g., arsenic, copper, mercury, cadmium, lead, uranium, chromium) is nowadays considered a serious global environmental problem, especially for groundwaters. Even in concentrations in the μg L range, their presence in various water bodies is considered particularly dangerous for human health and hence, their maximum allowable concentration in waters is strictly regulated by international organizations (World Health Organization (WHO), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), EU). Therefore, the efficient treatment of contaminated waters for the removal of toxic contaminants is necessary to provide people with safe drinking water. In order to detoxify the polluted waters, various treatment techniques, such as coagulation– flocculation, lime softening, photocatalytic, chemical or biological oxidation, bioremediation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, and adsorption have been employed with different efficiency degrees, depending upon the specific applicable condition . All the relevant compounds of the examined toxic metals have the characteristic of being present in waters as oxyanions, in pH relevant to ground/waters, i.e., 6.5–8.5. U(VI) is present mainly as the uranyl cation (UO ), which, in waters containing bicarbonate anions however, is most probably complexed and presented as UO (CO ) .


The present study analyzed annual adjustments from two voluntary and forced perspectives and the effect of annual adjustment on restated accruals. For this purpose, the difference in operating cash flow, firm size, financial leverage, return on assets and growth volatility were used as independent variables while accruals was used as the dependent variable. Such criteria as corporate governance and audit quality and characteristics of the firm were used as control variables. The required data was collected from sixty stock companies during 2007-2012 financial period. Data analysis showed that financial restatement resulting from the auditor proposal improved quality of accruals after a period of restatement compared to the period before restatement. The results also show that improving the quality of corporate governance increases quality of accruals in the companies with forced financial restatement.


Over the past few decades, we have witnessed ever-increasing levels of mobility facilitated not only by the revolutionary developments in communication and transport technologies but also by major shifts in the ways in which economic and political activity is conducted. A number of chapters in this volume have noted how educational ideas now move, circulating globally, and how there are now new modes in the production and dissemination of educational knowledge that are globally calibrated. There have been wide-ranging discussions about the forms and extent of global policy convergence in educational policy around a neoliberal social imaginary (Rizvi & Lingard, 2009). Authors such as Steiner-Khamsi (2004), have sought to provide an account of the politics of "policy borrowing." While circulation of policy ideas in education have of course been greatly facilitated by advances in information and communication technologies, equally significant has been the role of international organizations such as the World Bank and the OECD—as indeed has been the part transnational corporations have played in demanding from national policy makers a particular set of educational policy configurations. In this sense, policy ideas have become mobile in consort with shifts in global economic activity, resulting in new patterns and practices associated with the global mobility of capital. Of course it is not only capital and finance and images, information and ideologies that have become more mobile; people have as well. Never before in history have there been more people moving across national boundaries. People are moving for a whole host of reasons: for migration, as refugees, for trade and business, for employment opportunities, as tourists, to attend international conventions and conferences, and for education. There are more international migrants—both documented and undocumented—than ever before, even more than after the Second World War, when a large number of displaced people sought residence and safer havens around the world (Cohen &


The area studied Taza-Taounate is a vast mountain range in north-central Morocco, characterized by a variation in bio-geographical factors that encourage a vibrant and diversified vegetation cover with a remarkable rate of endemism compared to Moroccan flora. Our work involves the physicochemical analysis of soils at seven stations in the study area. Three surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters using standard laboratory techniques at each station. The results showed the clay fraction's dominance in S2 and S3 and the silt fraction in stations S1, S4, S5, S6, and S7. The studied soils have low levels of organic carbon (0.97% to 2.29%), high levels of CaCO3 (10.1% to 24.9%), and neutral and slightly alkaline pH (7.01to 7.81). The most dominant element in all stations is calcium exchangeable, with values ranging from 51.52 to 74.91 cmol+/kg. The other exchangeable basic cations (Mg, Na, K) have relatively low levels. CEC values vary between 36.12 and 81.13 cmol+/kg, indicating that our soil type is heavy to organic.


The paper presents the various interpretations of the social model and welfare regime concepts. In order to observe Romania's position within the European welfare regimes, the paper presents a short analysis of the main characteristics of the welfare regimes identified in Europe – i.e. the corporatist welfare regime, the liberal welfare regime and the social democratic/Scandinavian welfare system. We analyze the dynamics of several indicators relevant for establishing the performance of the Romanian welfare regime. Using the results of this study, the current research might offer a new approach on proving that Romania's case is a particular one among the CEE countries and its sustainability could become a model for other countries.


3.1. Study Area ...................................... 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.1.1. Location ...................................... 23 3.1.2. Rainfall ...................................... 23 3.1.3. Topography...................................... 23 3.1.4. S o i l .............................................23 3.1.5. Vegetation ................................... 23 3.2. Field S t u d y ................................... 27 3.2.1. Experimental Design ........................ 28 3.2.2. Watering Regimes ........................... 30 3.2.3. Watering Durations ........................... 30 3.2.4. Experimentation ............................. 31 3.2.5. Data Collection ............................. 32 3.2.6. Data Analysis....................................35 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .......................... 36 4.1. Seedling Mortality .......................... 36 4.1.1. Seedling Mortality under different watering regimes and durations ............. 36 4.1.2. Seedling Mortality and Competition .......... 37 4.2. Days before F l o w e r i n g .......................... 42 4.2.1. Flowering in C. biflorus under different watering regimes and durations.............. 42 4.2.2. Flowering in C. biflorus under different watering regimes, watering durations and competition...................................... 43 4.3. Seed N u m b e r s ......................................48 4.3.1. Average Number of Seeds under different watering regimes and duration .............. 48 V


The security of the European space involves both an external and an internal component. The European authorities play an essential role in ensuring the internal security of the Community through both the security policy and the efficiency of the Community institutions. The European Public Prosecutor's Office represents a newly established institution, which through its form of organization as well as its attributions aims to ensure the internal security of the Community in the aspect of combating offenses against the financial interests of the European Union. By cooperating with the other European institutions and state authorities, the European Public Prosecutor's Office will play a decisive role in the fight against corruption.


Ariela Freedman is Associate Professor of Literature at the Liberal Arts College, Concordia University, Montreal. She is author of Death, Men, and Modernism and has also published on H.D., Mary Borden, postcolonial studies, and the representation of Zeppelins. Her current project is on home front writing during the First World War. Did it Flow?: Bridging Aesthetics and History in Joyce's Ulysses


In this quantitative research study, 16 blind students, 16 low vision students, and 16 sighted students aged 15–21 and their parents were interviewed by telephone using questionnaires designed to examine four areas: academic involvement and performance, daily living and personal care activities, recreation and leisure activities, and work and vocational experiences. A time-diary protocol was also used to obtain data from each student in three telephone interviews during the calendar year. Similarities and differences among the three groups, as well as implications of the findings for service providers, are discussed.


The work makes use of surname analysis, repeated pairs and kinship estimates in 11,009 marriage records celebrated in five communities of the Italian Central Apennine (Celano, Lecce dei Marsi, Ortucchio, Roio, Villavallelonga) from 1802 to 1965 with the objective to deepen the knowledge of the relative influence of several determinants on their marital behaviour. These towns are part of the same geographic and economic environment: the slopes of the ancient Fucino lake. This work further deepens results from previous studies on the bio-demographic model of the region. The data were analyzed by three periods of approximately 50 years. Results show the highest inbreeding coefficients in the pastoral towns of Roio and Villavallelonga. Repeated pair analysis highlights a certain degree of population subdivision which declined in time in Celano, Lecce dei Marsi and Ortucchio. The highest and increasing values of RP-RPr in time in Roio suggest a general reduction in genetic heterogeneity. This is possibly due to the celebration of marriages among families selected on the economic basis of pastoralism, as this town historically had a leading tradition of sheep-farming. Villavallelonga, excluding isonymous marriages, shows increasing repeated pair unions in time, thus revealing a substructure with marriages among preferred lineages. This is in line with previous results on consanguineous marriages pointing out the tendency of avoiding unions between close relatives in this small geographic isolate. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the influence of geographical (altitude) and social factors (pastoralism) on the marital structures of the investigated populations.


The concept of topology optimization of truss structures with discrete variables including two kinds of variables and the relative deference quotient algorithm for discrete optimization are extended to the topology optimization of frame structures composed by beam elements. A mathematical model of topology optimization of frame structures with discrete variables including two kinds of variables is developed. A unitized constrain function is constructed, including stress constraints and displacement constraints. An algorithm to solve the above model is developed. Two examples are given.


According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide and out of which 39 million of people are blind. Further, about 90 percent of the visually impaired people in the world live in low-income settings. Among many difficulties that they encounter in their day-today activities, the visually impaired people are often disadvantaged particularly when travelling due their inability to see the obstacles and visual signs of directions that are essential to navigate not only through the unfamiliar terrains but also in the familiar environments. Therefore, the visually impaired people usually use a white cane to detect obstacles on their path whilst get the assistance of the trained guide dogs for navigation. However, when they roam in an unfamiliar environment, they always have to rely on a third party for finding their directions. In this paper, we presents a novel Global Positioning System (GPS) and Google Map Direction Application Programming Interface (API) based navigation solution for the visually impaired people with a simple haptic direction feeding interface as an alternative to the sonification systems available. Our objective of this research is to develop an economically viable haptic feeding GPS navigation system for the visually impaired people in order to help them with their day-to-day activities such as reaching for public services, socializing with people and exploring the world more confidently than ever before.


Connections between class-preserving automorphisms and central automorphisms of finite groups are established.Some sufficient conditions for class-preserving automorphisms of finite p-groups to be inner automorphisms are obtained by means of certain properties of central automorphisms.


The field experiment is designed in single factor randomized block,and studied effects on playgoskite to the biological characteristics of Medicago sativa L.Results showed that playgoskite can increase the yield and improve quality of Medicago sativa L.,when it is used in scopes 750 kg·hm-2 ~3 000 kg·hm-2.And the yield is the highest,plant is the highest too,when it is added 3 000 kg·hm-2.And the yield is increased by 41.72%(p0.01)compared to the CK.And contents of crude protein and lysine are also the highest,so the quality is most superior too.This studying conclusion provide important theoretical basis and guiding significance reasonably in the manure's foundation matched playgoskite and employing N,Pand K of cultivation of Medicago sativa L.


(Tasks) using the impedance as a useful characteristic to provide a fuel cell evaluation device and a fuel cell evaluation method capable of performing a performance evaluation electrode. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS impedance acquisition means, while changing the current value and the measured frequency obtains the impedance of the tapel area of the fuel cell. Extraction means, extracts a reaction resistance from the impedance obtained by the impedance acquisition means. Calculating means calculating the product of the current value obtained when the impedance of the art comprising the reaction resistance of the art by the reaction resistance and the impedance acquisition means extracted by the extraction means. Presenting means is presented as the calculated by the calculation means multiplication, the frequency characteristic of that product corresponding to the measured frequency.


The objective of the study was to assess the medical waste management practices used by clinics located in the Polokwane Municipality, South Africa. The clinic personnel were not informed prior to the visit. A walkthrough survey was conducted on-site where potential health and safety risks were identified and noted. The health care personnel in charge of specific clinics completed the questionnaires providing general and detailed information about the treatment and disposal of medical waste. Frequencies and percentages were calculated from the data obtained. Data obtained indicate that (i) medical waste was not segregated from general waste in most of the clinics, (ii) rural clinics were burning medical waste with general waste inside the clinic yard (iii) there was no sufficient collection and transport of medical waste in clinics, (iv) sharps were disposed at various hospital incinerators and (v) most of the clinics did not have storage facilities for medical waste.


In this study, the activity levels of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in ( Bq/l) , the associated total dose intake in ( mSv/y) and lifetime cancer risk have been analyzed and discussed in water samples collected from different locations in Sohag governorate, Egypt. All the samples were measured at the Radiation Protection Department in the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority using N-type HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations for all samples were 0.27, 0.06 and 1.61 ( Bq/l) with maximum values 0.38, 0.19 and 2.53 ( Bq/l) for 226 Ra and 232 Th and 40 K respectively. The total dose intake scored for water consumption for different age groups for all samples is lower than that recommended by WHO. Lifetime cancer risk, as a result of ingestion of radionuclides by adults from the sampled area, shows that an average of 185.8 out of 1,000,000 may go through some of the fatality cancer developing and 6.7 out of 1,000,000 may go through some of the hereditary effects.


A major constraint in potato production in Kenya is unavailability of certified seed potato tubers. The main bottleneck is slow multiplication rate of the potato seed tubers in the field and contamination of the seed with viral and bacterial diseases. This has therefore called for application of biotechnological techniques such as in vitro propagation of potato to eliminate viral infections. In vitro propagation facilitates the multiplication of planting materials at any time, avoids transfer of major pests and diseases (through meristem culture) and permits eradication of viruses from infected plants. However, use of biotechnological tools should not be misconstrued to replace conventional plant breeding as both methods have complementary roles. Advance in biotechnology especially in the area of in vitro culture technique and molecular biology provides some important tools for improved conservation and management of plant genetic resources. This review paper outlines the progress achieved in the use of biotechnological tools in potato breeding for production of high quality seed potato in Kenya at the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Tigoni Research Centre. The challenges and the need to develop certification standards to increase capacity for potato mini-tubers production by biotechnological methods in Kenya are explicitly discussed.


This paper explored the current conceptual framework of disability and rehabilitation,and constructed theoretical structure with three layers of international convention,resolutions and policies,and domestic laws and operational tools.The characteristics of com-munity-based rehabilitation(CBR) had been discussed with inclusive development approach.Some recommendations had been proposed for the development of rehabilitation and work programs of rehabilitation for all in China.


D A L L A S — Surgical repair of hip fracture in the elderly is linked to a high risk of postoperative MI or death—a reality not reflected in current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association preoperative cardiovascular evaluation guidelines, Dr. Jeanne Huddleston said at the annual meeting of the Society of Hospital Medicine. The guidelines lump all orthopedic surgical procedures in an intermediate-risk category, meaning their combined risk of postoperative MI or death is expected to be less than 5%. That's true of elective total hip arthroplasty, but hip fracture repair is different, said Dr. Huddleston, a hospitalist at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., and former society president. She presented a populationbased retrospective study of 1,197 patients who underwent repair of a fractured hip and 693 who had hip replacement. During a mean hospital stay of 8.9 days, the incidence rates of postoperative MI, heart failure, and mortality were markedly lower in the elective hip arthroplasty group (see chart). Moreover, the combined 1-year rate of MI and all-cause mortality was 34.2% in patients undergoing fracture repair, versus 7.5% in the arthroplasty group. Adjusting for age, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, racture repair patients were 3.6-fold more likely to have an MI or die within a year postsurgery. Hip fracture repair is typically done on an urgent basis, but doesn't fall within the definition of "emergency" surgery in guidelines. Since it's considered nonemergent, physicians can take up to 48 hours postfracture to optimize cardiac status—a sound strategy given the high CV risk, according to Dr. Huddleston. ■ In-Hospital Cardiovascular Events After Hip Surgery


The issues of improvement of the system of customs examinations in Ukraine in the context of compliance with the requirements of the European Union are researched. One of the elements of the adaptation process is the implementation of European regulations on the organization and conduct of examinations by customs laboratories and the use of the best national practices in regulating the activities of the customs institutions. It has been determined that modern cooperation in harmonizing national legislation with the requirements of the European Union in the field of expert activity encourages the formation of the unified understanding of the content of expert competencies, expert training and certification programs, as well as mutual accreditation of expert structures. This allows us to recognize the methodological support of expert activity and to obtain expert opinions on the basis of studies conducted in customs laboratories of other countries. To this effect, within the framework of harmonization there is a need for the unified procedures of approbation and valuation techniques for goods examining. It has been noted in the work that the mutual validation of research methods in the framework of examinations and their voluntary certification in the bodies of conformity assessment of the WTO member states is the matter of great importance. In this regard, the priority task of the development of the institute of customs examination in Ukraine is to increase the reliability of expert opinions and the prevention of expert errors. It has been specified that the judicial practice of considering cases in the customs sphere indicates the presence of procedural, legal, organizational, and methodological errors in the appointment, organization and conduct of customs examinations. The main international trends in the development of the institution of examination as an expert form of specialist knowledge is the convergence of the Anglo-American and continental systems of law in matters of examination. The necessity of securing in the customs legislation the right of the declarant to pose their own questions when the examination is conducted, to be present during the selection of samples or studies as part of the examination, to get acquainted with the methods and tools used to conduct research has been proved.


The TiO2 photocatalyst samples doped with iron were prepared by sol-gel method.The samples were analyzed by XRD,FT-IR,UV-Vis,PL,et al.The photocatalytic activity of the samples doped with different Fe content and sintered at different temperature were investigated by measuring the methyl blue(MB)degradation rate under the fluorescent lamp irradiation.The results show that Fe-TiO2 samples are a mixed phase of anatase and rutile and the threshold wavelength is red shift about 68nm.The iron doping inhibits the growth of crystallite size and transformations of crystallite phase from anatase to rutile and the photocatalytic activity is improved.The activity of the sample prepared at 500℃,n(Fe)∶n(TiO2)=1∶200 is the best under fluorescent lamp and is obviously highter than that of Degussa P25.


In June 2016, massive cyanobacterial blooms occurred in the St. Lucie River in Florida, caused by nutrient and cyanobacterial-laden water releases from Lake Okeechobee. We independently collected and analyzed bloom material for cyanotoxin diversity and concentrations. The concentrations of microcystins, potent hepatotoxins, present in the bloom material greatly exceeded World Health Organization Guideline Values for drinking and recreational water. We also detected the neurotoxins anatoxin-a(S) and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). The Florida State Governor declared a state of emergency, but many affected aquatic recreational areas in St. Lucie County remained open during the bloom event without adequate hazard notification to citizens. During the bloom event, issues with preparedness, communication, sampling, analysis, closures and contingencies were observed. We suggest better ways that cyanobacterial bloom events can be predicted, managed, and mitigated in the future throughout the world. As similar problems with cyanobacterial bloom frequency and occurrence present worldwide, understanding governmental responses to the 2016 Florida incident can help in the development of effective mitigation and management strategies for future bloom events.


According to the features of the teaching of athletics, the author has used the theory of feedback to design, examine adjust and improve teaching and received good results. This article is a further analysis of the use of "feedback" in teaching.


We study the association between natural resource rents and internal political stability, highlighting the importance of the distribution of political power as a mediating factor. We present a simple theoretical model demonstrating that increased rents are likely to be positively associated with the internal stability of a powerful incumbent while destabilizing a less powerful incumbent. Our empirical analysis confirms this prediction. Employing panel data for more than 120 countries from the period 1984–2009, our estimation results demonstrate that resource rents can promote political stability but only when political power is sufficiently concentrated. Indeed, if the incumbent is sufficiently weak, rents fuel instability. Our main results hold when we control for the effects of income, quality of institutions (rule of law, democratic accountability and corruption), persistence of political stability, time-varying common shocks, country fixed effects, possible endogeneity of rents and power balance to political stability, and various additional covariates. Our analysis departs from the existing literature by emphasizing not (only) the type of government, but rather the strength of government, as a key determinant of the impact of resource rents on political stability. This analysis sheds light on current political transformations and reconfigurations in the resource rich Middle East and North Africa.


Problems caused by sulfur oxide emissions to the atmosphere and restrictive legal limitations to sulfur content in fuels have made biodesulfurization (BDS) to be proposed as a complementary technology to hydrodesulfurization (HDS). In this work, a genetically modified microorganism, Pseudomonas putida CECT 5279, is employed as a desulfurizing biocatalyst. This microorganism has the ability of carrying out the metabolic 4S pathway from Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8, to desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT), as a model compound. In previous works (Martin, A. B., Alcon, A., Santos, V. E. and Garcia-Ochoa, F. Energy Fuels 2004, 18, 851−857 andMartin, A. B., Alcon, A., Santos, V. E. and Garcia-Ochoa, F. Energy Fuels 2005, 19, 775−782), a maximum of BDS capability to be employed as a resting cell BDS biocatalyst was observed in cells grown for nearly 9 h. In a recent work[Calzada, J., Zamarro, M. T., Alcon, A., Santos, V. E., Diaz, E., Garcia, J. L. and Garcia-Ochoa, F. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009, 75 (3), 875...


Theoretical study of Wittig reactions were performed with density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP levels to understand the origin of the different product selectivities for different classes of phosphorus ylides. In case of the reaction using non-stabilized ylide, the transition states for the oxaphosphetane-forming process that the ylide approached to the carbonyl compound were explored and the four kinds of transition states were converged. One of the transition state having lowest activation energy leaded to Z-olefin and the additional investigation of all the reaction process resulted that the ratio of Z-/E-olefin was controlled kinetically. These calculations were consistent with experimental results and the common accepted explanations. However, the reaction using stabilized ylide also proceeded under kinetic control, not under thermodynamic control. The oxaphosphetane intermediate corresponding to the precursor of E-olefin was obtained preferentially via the lowest transition state. Starting from the oxaphosphetane, the activation energy of the forward reaction to olefin was quite lower than that of the reverse reaction to the reactants. These results suggested the possibility that the stereoselectivity of Wittig reaction using stabilized ylide was also under kinetic control.


Everhardus Booth an irenicist? Eleven years ago F.G.M. Broeyer wrote an article in which he claims that Utrecht preacher Everard Booth's translation of William Perkins' A Reformed Catholike was not intended to be an anti-Roman polemic, but rather was of an irenic nature, and that Booth himself was an irenicist. The author of this article demonstrates that this view is refuted by what Perkins himself says in his dedication to William Bowes and in his preface. Further, according to Broeyer, the translation was a carefully considered initiative by Booth himself and was deliberately intended to foster religious peace in Utrecht. However, these views are in direct conflict with a note written to Booth by Richard Schilders, the publisher of the translation. Finally, we should not overlook the significance of an earlier translation by Booth, in which the very title demonstrates its strongly anti-Romanist nature. Conclusion: Booth's translation of Perkins' tract as well as Booth himself has nothing to do with irenicism. 17


Abstract This paper gives an overview of combat aircraft drag prediction in the context of the overall design and development process. Following a brief summary of the author's experience in this field, the importance of drag prediction during initial configuration design is discussed, emphasising the need for the drag aerodynamicist to develop a good understanding of the other aerodynamic disciplines involved, as well as an appreciation of the of the total design process encompassing structural design, propulsion integration and systems installation. A brief description is given of typical simplified prediction methods used in initial design, followed by an example of drag synthesis procedures based on wind-tunnel test and analysis, illustrating the need for good understanding of test techniques and the requirements of other aerodynamic disciplines. Some future challenges are identified, requiring continual involvement in research and methods development programmes.