The invention relates to Arylcycloalkylderivate with branched side chains and to their physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives. Are compounds of the formula I, wherein the radicals have the meanings indicated, and described their physiologically acceptable salts and processes for their preparation. The compounds have lipid and / or triglyceride-lowering properties and are suitable for. As for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders, II type diabetes and Syndrome X.


Selecting excellent students from 3-year college to 4-year university is named "Zhuan Sheng Ben" in China.A survey on foreign language learning(FLL) strategies of English majors of the upgraders in our nuiversity,suggests that they,as a whole,vary greatly from the general undergraduates in using some strategies,such as new words memorizing and main idea summarizing;while in other strategies,the difference is not so obvious.


This article examines three instances of Byzantine icons' declaration and demonstration of love: the Mandylion, the miraculous self-portrait of Christ, which arrived in Edessa in part as a veil that transfigured the wearer, the apostle Thaddaeus, and recipient, king Abgar; the icon of St. Paul that St. John Chrysostom kept by him when he wrote, which guaranteed the presence of that holy figure, as witnessed by John's peeping-tom assistant Proclus; and the icon of St. Macarius the Great and his Cherub that shows the fellow-love of that saint projected into the apparition of the Cherub. The writings of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite are the underpinning for the love these objects respond to and generate: love here is the desire to be unified with the divine and the good, and this unity is always brought about through human desire.


Single-pixel broadcast imaging (SPBI) refers to computational imaging techniques which allow single-pixel detectors to be feasibly placed, as radio sets in a broadcasting system. We introduce an approach to SPBI which can reconstruct photographic quality images.


We treated 6 cases of humeral fractures due to arm-wresting in 1993 and 1994. All of them were right-handed men with an average age of 24.5 years. If a 63-year-old man was excluded from this series, the average age was only 16.8 years. There are two types of humeral fractures, including three cases of spiral fractures of the shaft at the function of the middle and distal thirds with or without a large butterfly fragment, and three cases of medial epicondylar avulsion fractures. Among the shaft fractures, a large bone cyst was found incidentally just proximal to the fracture site. The fractures occurred during the draw phase in two, losing phase in three, and neutral phase in one case. Fractures occurring during draw phase tend to be epicondylar avulsion fracture. In the neutral phase, torsional force tend to result in spiral fracture of humerus. As to the losing phase, both types of fractures may occur. We believe that thest particular injuries are related to muscular contraction. The shaft spiral fracture are the result of torsion, bending and axial compression due to muscle violence, while the medial epicondylar fracture is a result of avulsion by the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm.


At its core, the Internet and modern large-scale data centers use BGP as its main control-plane protocol to exchange routing and reachability information among its peers. BGP has been around for decades and has seen countless updates and extensions to support the growing number of use cases and ever increasing demands. The desire to gain deeper insights into the internal states of BGP prompted the introduction of the BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP). We present a system that collects, stores and visualizes BMP messages in real-time in a lab network that supports MPLS layer 3 VPNs as well as in production. In addition, we collect forwarding-plane metrics and correlate them with BMP in time and on a VPN level to visualize cause and effect across both planes and pave the way for root-cause analysis and real-time performance monitoring.


Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen‐presenting cells that have been used in cancer immunotherapy. To take advantage of the ability of DCs to acquire antigenic materials from their environment and generate primary as well as recall immune responses, 37 patients with advanced cancers were enrolled in a series of protocols based on direct intratumoral injection of immature DCs. To augment antigen uptake and antitumor immune response, DC injection was combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy and/or injection of activated T cells. Treatments were well tolerated with no adverse reactions. Clinical responses were based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, with the majority of patients showing stable disease. One of two patients who also received local radiation achieved a sustained complete response at injected and metastatic sites. The clinical responses observed in cancer patients with advanced disease suggest potential effectiveness of combination strategies and establish the basis for the current treatment protocol that is underway.


Abstract: This chapter looks at current trends in the functional beverages industry and at the functional ingredients used to realize and meet consumer demand. The chapter first describes the health benefits of polyphenols, carotenoids, oils, sterols, natural stimulants and botanicals and discusses their value for functional beverages. Future trends for the functional beverages industry and specifically for the ingredients discussed are then analyzed.


A critical factor in the laser-tissue interaction in excimer laser refractive surgery is the absorption coefficient (µa) of corneal tissue at 193 nm. Most current algorithms assume a uniform ablation depth per laser pulse irrespective of variations between patients, environments and lasers. Knowing a patient's ablation depth etch rate immediately prior to the procedure may yield a more accurate refractive outcome.


Abstract. Squat lobsters within Galatheoidea are very diverse with over 1,300 extant species that live in all marine ecosystems, but their fossil record, starting in the Middle Jurassic, consists of only ∼200 species. Consequently, much remains to be learned about their biodiversity, phylogeny, and paleobiogeography. We describe five new species (Galatheites sforum n. sp., Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic, Germany; Vasconilia zapotitlanensis n. sp., Barremian, Early Cretaceous, Mexico; Eomunidopsis texcalaensis n. sp., Barremian, Early Cretaceous, Mexico; Protomunida bennickei n. sp., Danian, Paleocene, Denmark; and Protomunida eurekantha n. sp., Danian, Paleocene, Denmark) and one new genus (Tethysgalathea n. gen., Ypresian, Eocene, Italy). We further reassign Munida cretacea (Albian, Early Cretaceous, Texas, USA) to Galathea?, return Eomunidopsis? cobbani (Campanian, Late Cretaceous, Colorado, USA) to its original genus, report on the second occurrence of Vetoplautus latimarginus Robins et al., 2013 (Tithonian, Late Jurassic, Czech Republic), and reinstate Palaeomunidopsis moutieri (middle Bathonian, Middle Jurassic, France) as the oldest galatheoid known to date. The five new species, all found in limestones containing corals, increase galatheoid diversity in the fossil record by 2.5%. Finally, the common yet hitherto unrecognized Protomunida eurekantha was discovered by making casts of external molds, revealing distinct spines on the posterior margin that are more difficult to see in internal molds and specimens with cuticle due to breakage. Collecting and studying the external molds for galatheoids and other fossil decapods could yield additional cryptic species.


This study assessed the level of contamination of the topsoil by Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd and Zn and the spatial distribution of these heavy metals around a cement factory. Thirty–eight composite soil samples were collected around the cement factory and subjected to nitric–perchloric acid digestion. Total metal contents of the soil were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and the data generated were analyzed statistically. Spatial mapping of the distribution of heavy metals was done through the use of Inverse Distance Weighted technique (IDW) of ArcGIS 10. The results showed that the contamination domain of Cd was in the extreme domain while Pb and Cu levels in the soil were in the severe and moderate contamination domains. Zn and Cr posed no potential environmental hazard because of their low level in the soil. The spatial mapping of the heavy metals indicated Pb and Cu enrichment of the soil not only to come from cement production activities but also from vehicular activities while Cd enrichment of the soil was mainly from the cement production. Mapping of Zn and Cr distribution showed that their enrichments in the soil were from cement production activities. From these findings, it is highly recommended that environmental auditing of the cement production line be carried out to reduce the release of pollutants. It is also important that remediation activities be carried out on the soil to reduce the levels of Cd, Pb and Cu to avert potential ecological disasters.


Aiming at the limitations of traditional optimization design and by means of applying fuzzy design theory and reliability design theory, this paper established a mathematical model of fuzzy reliability optimization design for springs and carried out optimization on it by the use of genetic algorithm. It is indicated by experiment that the genetic algorithm possesses fairly good applicable prospects on the respects of optimization design for springs.


We discuss a point, which from time to time has been doubted in the literature: all symmetries, such as those induced by the energy and momentum conservation laws, hold in quantum physics not just "on average", as is sometimes claimed, but exactly in each "branch" of the wavefunction, expressed in the basis where the conserved observable is sharp. We note that for conservation laws to hold exactly for quantum systems in this sense (not just on average), it is necessary to assume the so-called "totalitarian property of quantum theory", namely that any system capable of measuring a quantum observable must itself be quantised. Hence, if conservation laws are to hold exactly, the idea of a `classical measuring apparatus' (i.e., not subject to the branching structure) is untenable. We also point out that any other principle having a well-defined formulation within classical physics, such as the Equivalence principle, is also to be extended to the quantum domain in exactly the same way, i.e., branch by branch.


The hydration characteristics of C3 S were studied in the presence of chromium (III) for up to 7 days. Chromium was introduced by either direct incorporation (as Cr2 O3 ) during C3 S preparation or during the subsequent hydration with a chromium ( CrCl3 ) solution. Levels of Cr(III) used were 1 and 3% by wt. of C3 S . The chemically combined water content and free lime content were determined after 3 and 6 h and 1, 3, and 7 days of hydration. The results showed a retardation effect for the hydration of C3 S in the presence of Cr, especially during the first hours of hydration. This retardation effect was more evident in C3 S–Cr incorporated mixes than in C3 S mixes hydrated in Cr-containing solutions. X-ray diffraction examination was performed on selected samples. The immobilization percentage of Cr(III) by C3 S during hydration was determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A high degree of Cr immobilization (93.27–99.39%) was found after 7 days of hydration.


In the present paper, by using the regular matrix given by Euler Totient function, we give a new paranormed sequence space l(Φ,p) and prove that the spaces l(Φ,p) and l(p) are linearly isomorphic. Also, we compute some dual spaces and the Schauder basis of this space.


The socialist moral construction plays a great part in the socialist market economy. In this article, the causes of the descending of the moral level in our society in recent years are discussed and how to strengthen the social construction is approached.


Among the baryons composed of quarks of the first two generations (ud and cs), all baryon types with no more than one c-quark have already been discovered experimentally. Theory predicts the existence of six baryons with two cquarks in their makeup (doubly charmed baryons). One such baryon, Xcc, has now been seen for the first time in the SELEX experiment at Fermilab. The particle was produced in a collision between a beam of charged 600-GeV hyperons with copper or diamond targets and identified by the products of its decay, Xcc ! Lc Kÿp‡. The baryon mass was found to be about 3.5 GeV, and its lifetime less than 33 fs. Source: Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 112001 (2002) http://prl.aps.org


We present an unusual source of oversensing following an internal cardioverter‐defibrillator generator change. The early appearance of reproducible myopotentials in the defibrillator sensing channel is usually due to a technical complication at the time of device implantation. Clues such as abrupt impedance change or reproduction with mechanical stimulation can help to localize a problem. Frequently the complication requires reoperation to examine the system. What do you do when everything seems to be working fine?


Tiger nut is known for its numerous uses such as food for man, medicinal and stimulant properties, rich sources of nutrients, mineral and lipids which is responsible for its energy giving ability. In Nigeria, people consume tiger nuts in both fresh and dried forms and the argument of which forms gives better nutritive value always arises due to the difference in the hydrated and dehydrated forms of the tiger nut caused by drying of the nuts. This research work predicts model equations on how varying temperature (25°C, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C) affects the lipid and proximate content of Nigerian based tiger nuts. From the experiment carried out, it was found that lipids, fiber and moisture in tiger-nuts respond to temperature in a non linear decreasing manner with a polynomial form of fourth degree and model predictions of 1. This showed that changing temperature affects the lipid, moisture and fiber content of the tiger nuts from room temperature (25°C) which represents fresh nuts composition to 100°C in polynomial forms.The ash content increases non linearly with increased temperature in polynomial form. These polynomial equations can be used as models for predicting and designing tiger nut plants within the specified temperature range (25100°C).This results also suggest that consuming the tiger nuts in fresh form gives more lipid, moisture, fibre content with other nurtitive and medicinal properties compared to dried form. Keywords— Tiger nuts; Lipids and Moisture; ash and Fiber content; Model prediction; Temperature


This work involves the study of the long time behavior o f dilute aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the properties of dilute aqueous salt (K2 SO4) solutions of PEO by using the dynamic light scattering technique. The aqueous solutions of PEO were prepared with a PEO sample obtained from Pressure Chemical Co., with a molecular weight o f 838,000, and ultrapure water with a nominal resistivity o f 12MO-cm-16MO-cm. The solutions with concentrations of 0.45mg/ml and l.Omg/ml were filtered into the sample cell through a 0.2jtm filter for a dynamic light scattering measurement. The dynamic measurements were carried out at a scattering angle o f 45° and the temperature o f samples was kept at 30°C. The long time study measurement results indicated that the values o f the polydispersity factor and the mutual diffusion coefficient of the PEO particles o f the solutions changed very slowly. The analysis of the measured data implied that the aggregation o f PEO in a dilute aqueous solution might not be an inherent property of the solution, and the aggregation was probably caused by the impurities in the solution. A series groups o f aqueous salt (K2 SO4 ) solutions of PEO with the K2 SO4 concentrations of 0.5M, 1.0M,2.0M,3.0M and 0.4M, were investigated using the dynamic light scattering technique .The results indicated that the K<j values decreased with increasing the concentration of K2 SO4 . The solvent o f the salt solutions became poorer with addition o f salt K2 SO4 into the solutions.


Good morning, everyone. I appreciate this opportunity to talk to you about functions of our state public health laboratories and what we are faced with these days in terms of safety. The title of my presentation, "Biosafety in the State Public Health Laboratory," has an important subtitle, namely, "The Need to Address All Hazards." This subtitle identifies the main point I hope to make. While our previous speaker, Dr. Takafuji, talked about biosafety regarding infectious agents and emerging infectious diseases, in state public health laboratories today we generally find biosafety a bit too narrow. Instead, we are now forced, because of potential terrorism, to think, plan, design, and operate using an all-hazards approach to safety. Our state public health laboratories function in two general arenas: analytical testing and emergency response. In all state public health laboratories, analytical testing includes that required to identify infectious agents. In almost all of these laboratories, testing also includes screening every newborn for inherited diseases and congenital abnormalities, and in many of the laboratories testing also includes detection and identification of hazardous chemicals, including radiochemicals. To be able to analyze clinical specimens and environmental samples for a wide spectrum of biological and chemical agents within statewide jurisdictions, these laboratories have for the most part extraordinary capability. As an extension of this analytical capability, our state public health laboratories play a major role in statewide emergency responses to public health threats that occur naturally, accidentally, or deliberately. Today, probably more than ever before, this emergency response role is on all of our minds and something for which we have to be continually prepared. This may involve emerging infectious diseases. We talk about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), West Nile virus, and the possibility that there could be a pandemic of human influenza if strains of avian influenza occurring in chickens in the Far East suddenly develop the ability to be transmitted human-to-human. Our state public health laboratories, working with partners at CDC, are very much involved in these kinds of infectious disease issues. In addition, our emergency response role may involve environmental chemical hazards. An example of an important environmental hazard for which state public health laboratories provide analytical support today is the widespread problem of illegal methamphetamine laboratories and the necessary clean-up that is involved in these situations. There are many kinds of environmental hazards that our state laboratories must be able to analyze in emergency situations. But the bottom line today, the situation that may keep many of us awake at night, is the possibility of an act of terrorism. Not just an act of bioterrorism, but of an act of terrorism. Such an act could involve biological, chemical, or radiological agents. As state public health laboratories, we are expected to be able to respond, to provide the analytical data needed by public safety and public health to implement effective interventions to protect the public. Applied Biosafety, 9(4) pp. 200-211 © ABSA 2004 Article


Although business groups benefit firms when markets fail, does group affiliation continue to be an advantage for firms in deregulated, globally competitive industries? I argue that affiliation allows firms to tap into the knowledge and connections of sister affiliates. This enables them to attract clients from more industries and foreign markets than can unaffiliated firms, and to attain higher international sales. Using data from the Indian software industry, I find support for these hypotheses, but only for 2000-02, when competition increased as a result of new deregulation. These results suggest business groups continue to provide benefits to group-affiliated firms, including information on market opportunities and "reputation signaling" to clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


In the fields of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures, attack and anomaly detection are rising concerns. With the increased use of IoT infrastructure in every domain, threats and attacks in these infrastructures are also growing proportionally. In this paper the performances of several machine learning algorithms in identifying cyber-attacks (namely SYN-DOS attacks) to IoT systems are compared both in terms of application performances, and in training/application times. We use supervised machine learning algorithms included in the MLlib library of Apache Spark, a fast and general engine for big data processing. We show the implementation details and the performance of those algorithms on public datasets using a training set of up to 2 million instances. We adopt a Cloud environment, emphasizing the importance of the scalability and of the elasticity of use. Results show that all the Spark algorithms used result in a very good identification accuracy (>99%). Overall, one of them, Random Forest, achieves an accuracy of 1. We also report a very short training time (23.22 sec for Decision Tree with 2 million rows). The experiments also show a very low application time (0.13 sec for over than 600,000 instances for Random Forest) using Apache Spark in the Cloud. Furthermore, the explicit model generated by Random Forest is very easy-to-implement using high- or low-level programming languages. In light of the results obtained, both in terms of computation times and identification performance, a hybrid approach for the detection of SYN-DOS cyber-attacks on IoT devices is proposed: the application of an explicit Random Forest model, implemented directly on the IoT device, along with a second level analysis (training) performed in the Cloud.


In a front-end receiver of DBS (Direct Broadcasting for Satellite), an A/D converter, which converts VQ signals of QPSK demodulator into digital domain, makes an important role to determine the system performance. In this paper a 3 V dual A/D converter which has 6-b resolution and 70 MSPS conversion rate is proposed. It has the dual flash archtecture in which comparators use auto-zero offset cancellation technique. With 0.65 um double-poly and double-metal CMOS technology, the experimental prototype of the proposed A/D converter has 30.7 LSB INL and 30.9 LSB DNL


Through typical case study on Wen's Group, this study concludes that the combination of production, education and research is not forced by exogenous factors. The key to stable and long-tem cooperation between production, education and research is endogenous factors, exogenous factors would be supplement. Wen's experience should be promoted.


In this work, fractional variational iteration method (FVIM) has been applied successfully to find the solution of fractional dispersive partial differential equations of third-order in multi-dimensional spaces. The contemplated graphs explain the character of the solution for different values of fractional order $\alpha$. The mightiness and accurateness of the proposed techniques are studied with the help of two test examples.


The aims of this research are: first, to examine the effect of compensation, leadership, and job environment on employees job performance. Second, to examine which variable has the greatlest effect on employees job performance at Rumah Makan Gama Gerai Purwokerto. There are two main findings: first, compensation, leadership, and job environment have a significant effect on employees job performance. This was proved through the value of computed A¢â'¬â€œF (32,2626) > Ftable (2.7694) and the value of computed A¢â'¬â€œt of compensation variable (tx1) 42423,, leadership variable (tx2) 2.6262, in the other word tx1, tx2, tx3 are greater than ttable. So the first hypothesis was supported. Second, the elasticity test showed that value of compensation (E1 ) was 0.3803; elasticity of leadership (E2) was 0.2315 and elasticity of job environment (E3) was 0.2673. So, the variable that has the greatest effect on employees job performance was compensation variable. In the other word the compensation has been suitable with employees want and it will increase their job performance. As implication, Rumah Makan Gama Gerai Purwokerto has to pay more attention and try to increase employees job performance by having evaluation on the three variable. It must be done as whether in total or in partial they have significant effect on employees job performance.


Abstract The Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) is a scarce but regular passage visitor in Turkey. Spring migration has its peak in April, autumn migration in August/September (medians are April 23th and August 29th). Detailed information on flock size, wintering, main resting sites etc. is given and compared with other Middle East countries.


In the educational climate of the USA, where many question the possibility of effecting
genuine change in national achievement outcomes, the Scientific Thinking Enhancement
Project (STEP) was delivered to three cohorts of students from 1999 to 2002 in Molalla,
Oregon. At the start, the mean age of Cohorts A, B, and C was 11+, 12+, and 13+ years.
The purpose of my study was to investigate whether the STEP had enhanced these
students' cognitive development and school achievement. The STEP incorporated
strategies from a British intervention that had been shown to have a substantial effect on
children's cognitive development and school achievement. Different test instruments were
employed from those used in the British intervention, and the results of all tests were
Rasch scaled. Cognitive change was estimated using Bond's Logical Operations Test, with
pre-intervention performance profiles serving as cross-sectional controls. Statistical
analyses revealed some enhancement of cognitive development compared with controls,
with cognitive gains across the spectrum of starting level, irrespective of starting age and
level of parent education. Statistically significant overall cognitive gains were found for
Cohorts B (0.27 SDs) and C (0.55 SDs). Data from state-mandated tests in Mathematics
revealed significant overall gains against controls for Cohorts A (0.51 SDs) and B (0.19
SDs). Cohort B students also made late-onset significant gains over peers who missed the
STEP in 8th grade (BLOT 1.01 SDs and Mathematics 1.09 SDs). Cohort B females
showed a significant overall gain in state Reading & Literature tests. There were no
significant achievement gains against populations from non-project schools. A teacher
survey showed general satisfaction with the STEP, but also revealed misconceptions about
the intervention. Given that these teachers received little professional development, and
did not deliver the entire intervention program, it is not surprising that the STEP did not
yield results as strong as the original projects in the UK.


To the Editor.— Ms Glasbrenner1reported on the need for disaster planning to utilize resources more efficiently and save as many lives as possible. She stressed that a disaster, natural or man-made, is a time for community action. Physicians as individuals and as a group must interact with all other community services (police, fire, ambulance, and government) on a scale that would never be equaled on a day-to-day basis in an emergency room. However, one critical aspect of the physician-community plan was not alluded to. We believe that the participation of the forensic medicine specialists is critical. The local or state medical examiners' offices should be an integral part of the disaster response team because it is a rare disaster that does not include fatalities. The medical examiners and their forensic teams are needed at several levels. One, and the most immediate, is the need to identify correctly the


Abstract—A higher prevalence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been found in women with preeclampsia and fetal loss. We investigated whether women with a history of VTE have a higher prevalence of pregnancy-associated complications compared with control subjects. In 395 patients with a history of VTE and in 313 control women, the prevalence of complications during pregnancy and the mean birth weight of viable infants were evaluated. The prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia was higher in patients (5.1% and 3.0%, respectively) compared with control subjects (1.3% each). The odds ratio was 4.13 for pregnancy-induced hypertension (95% CI 1.4 to 12.22, P=0.0058) and 2.43 for preeclampsia (95% CI 0.78 to 7.6, P=0.133). Stillbirth was slightly more frequent in patients (4.3%) than in control subjects (3.2%); the difference was not statistically significant. Miscarriage was equally frequent in patients (21.8%) and control subjects (21.3%). The birth weight of viable inf...


We are interested in the normal class of an algebraic surface S of the complex projective space P, that is the number of normal lines to S passing through a generic point of P. Thanks to the notion of normal polar, we state a formula for the normal class valid for a general surface S . We give a generic result and we illustrate our formula with examples. We define the orthogonal incidence variety and compute the Schubert class of the variety of projective normal lines in the Chow ring of G(1, 3). We complete our work with a generalization of Salmon's formula for the normal class of a Plücker curve to any planar curve with any kind of singularity.


possible, but the result indicates that the particle size is roughly a little smaller than a normal epithelial cell. The usual angular diameter of the haloes in glaucoma is 70-120 and here we know that the size of the droplets causing them is that of a swollen oedematous epithelial cell. Haloes due to mucus on the corneal surface are larger still (up to 140). An attempt was also made to calculate the actual particle size by measuring the haloes seen with monochromatic filters (5500 A and 5400k) and using the formula


This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth-marked tongue and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitution in the health inspection people.Each of the 3092 participants had completed a questionnaire about TCM constitution in order to find out their own type of TCM constitution.Each participant's tongue had also been examined and had its corresponding tongue diagnosis.Meanwhile,each participanthad its own digital tongue map done.The results showed that the incidence of tooth-marked tongue among the 3092 participants was 56.27%,where 11.21% of the tooth-marked tongues were high-graded ones.The female participants had a higher occurrence rate of having medium to high-graded tooth-marked tongue than male ones(P 0.01).For qi-deficiency,yang-insufficiency,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat constitution with the age of 50 and above,the occurrence of tooth-marked tongue was lesser(P 0.05,P 0.05,P 0.01,P 0.01).The incidence of tooth-marked tongue among 8 biased constitutions and the gentle constitution showed no difference(P 0.05).Comparing to the gentleness constitution,the occurrence rate of medium to high-graded tooth-marked tongue was higher in both intrinsic characteristics and blood stasis constitution(P 0.05).It was concluded that the tooth-marked tongue is not a specific symptom in the TCM constitution differentiation.Also,age and the incidence of tooth-marked tongue are correlated.The high-graded tooth-marked tongue is valuable in defining health status.Therefore,it is suggested that "no high-graded tooth-marked tongue occurs" should be a gentle constitution differentiation content.


On the popular website, Wikipedia, critical thinking has been summarized as "an objective analysis of facts to form a judgment". The problem solving skills that require algebra and calculus are often perceived by students as pieces of information to be memorized, while the judgment forming skills needed by engineering students necessitate the linking of known facts with new pieces of information. One example in the field of electricity and magnetism, the vector cross product embedded in the Biot-Savart law, could be solved using basic trigonometry when the underlying symmetry is given, or with the 3-dimensional vector notation system. The decision made by the student as to whether the vector notation system should be applied becomes important in the asymmetrical case, such as that of a straight current-carrying wire and a current loop. By emphasizing the importance of decision making in this example, students can develop a better conceptual understanding of magnetic reconnection at the introductory calculus physics level.


Introduction: A type of Metaplastic Breast Cancer (MBC) that has matrix producing properties is an infrequently occurring breast cancer and is responsible for less than 1% of the overall cases. MBC is mixed in nature, comprising of a blend of adenocarcinomatous and metaplastic components. The occurrence of MBC with chondroid differentiation is rarer and also a diagnostic challenge; warranting its presentation. Case Report: A case of a 57-yearold female is reported here, having a 4.3x3.3 cm mass palpable at the lower outer quadrant of the right breast. Upon performing a trucut biopsy, an infiltrating malignant tumor was found, with focal chondroid differentiation in the background of a chondromyxoid matrix suggesting a metaplastic carcinoma. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment is of key significance as Metaplastic Breast Cancer is a rare entity with a histopathological variance, a higher rate of metastasis, locally recurrent and carry an overall poor prognosis.


Abstract A comprehensive inventory of Canadian research on exporting and international marketing during 19801995 was developed based on a content analysis of 44 sources and a survey of Canadian academics. The main aim was to assess this literature and facilitate the identification of Canadian resources for research and education. A total of 1,207 diverse publications, including 283 articles in 109 journals, was identified and analyzed by year, type, theme, language, and major contributors. Key challenges include the overall decline in publications since 1990; the concentration of output among a small number of researchers; and the relative lack of studies on the marketing mix, export research in disciplines other than marketing and management, and teaching resources such as cases. Future research directions are discussed. Resume Un inventaire general des recherches canadiennes sur 1'exportation et le marketing international au cours des anriies 1980-1995 a ete elabore, sur les bases d'une analyse du contenu de 44 sources et d'une enquete de professeurs canadiens. II avait pour principal objectif d'evaluer cette documentation et de faciliter l'identification des ressources canadiennes necessaires a la recherche et a la formation. Le nombre impressionnant de 1 207 publications diverses, dont 283 articles tires d'une centaine de revues savantes, a ete identifi ; ces publications ont ete analysees par annee, genre, theme, langue et chercheurs principaux. L'etablissement de cet inventaire a rencontre d'importantes difficultes, comme le declin global des publications depuis 1990 et la concentratioi de la production sur un nombre restreint des chercheurs ainsi que le manque relatif d'etudes sur le marketing mix, de recherches sur l'exportation dans des disciplines autres que le marketing et la gestion et de ressources pour la formation. L'article traite egalement de l'orientation des recherches darts l'avenir. The globalization of competition and other related developments have brought about a growing interest in international business (IB) among Canadian practitioners and academics. The increasing contribution of exports to Gross Domestic Product (from less than 25% in the 1980s to about 40% currently) is a result, but also a cause of, the ever-increasing number of firms that expand internationally, government-sponsored export assistance programs, and international education and training programs. The latter include a proliferation of international courses and study-abroad options offered by universities, the establishment of specialized IB streams or free-standing programs (such as York University's and the University of Ottawa's International MBAs, and Carleton University's Bachelor of International Business), and executive training programs offered by universities and other organizations (such as the Forum for International Trade Training [FITT] program). Concerns have been expressed, however, that Canadian IB scholarship is limited in quantity and content. Rugman (1989) noted that, given the country's open economy, Canadian researchers "live in one of the world's most exciting laboratories" (p. 123). At the same time, his review led him to conclude that they have tended to follow closed system models, be guided too much by American thinking, and neglect issues that are particularly relevant to Canadian managers. A review of French-language research by Canadian faculty on exporting reached similar conclusions. Denis (1991) commented that this part of the literature contains many and varied contributions, but has not kept pace with the global level of IB research and is limited in comparison with the growth and importance of exports in the Canadian economy. In addition to its potential scientific implications, an important by-product (or "side effect") of the limited research in a field of such strong and current interest as IB may be the relative dearth of appropriate educational and training materials. …


A transposon was introduced close to a poorly selectable gene. This gene could be cloned by using selection for the antibiotic resistance marker of the transposon.


In the context of a knowledge-based economy,intellectual capital plays an increasingly important role in the innovation capability and economic growth of enterprises.How to use and manage effectively the intellectual capital is one of most important methods which create the competitive advantages in firms.This paper compares balanced scorecard with intellectual capital management and finds important differences in their theoretical underpinnings,and discusses four more aspects:strategy,organization,management,and indi-cators,the key causes of the differences between them are about different strategy theories:one is competitive advantage,the other is competency one.


My career in scientific fraud began some years ago when, as vice-provost of the California Institute of Technology, I became aware that US federal regulations would, for the first time ever, make it necessary for us to have in place formal rules about what to do if the unthinkable were to happen on our own campus. Since then it has virtually become an academic sub-speciality for me.


In this note we consider the set of metric spaces which are the limits with respect to Lipschitz distance dL of compact connected C°°-Riemannian manifolds of curvature uniformly bounded above and below. We call this set "bounded curvature closure" (BCC). It is well known that the limit spaces need not be C-Riemannian manifolds [P, Example 1.8]. Hence, the problem arising is to give a geometrical description of the BCC. We solve this problem with the help of the theory of metric spaces of bounded curvature which A. D. Aleksandrov introduced more than 30 years ago [A] to construct the synthetic generalization of Riemannian geometry. Our principal result (Closure Theorem) states that the BCC consists of all compact Aleksandrov's spaces of bounded curvature. A consideration of the BCC is definitely of independent interest, but due to Gromov's compactness theorem it has proved to be useful to consider the BCC in connection with different problems of Riemannian geometry. Now we are going to formulate the compactness theorem and explain the ways of its applications. First let us give necessary definitions. Let {Jtx , px)9 (J?2 ' Pi) b e m e t r i c spaces with metrics p{ and p2, ƒ: (^#j, px) —• (yk2, p2) a Lipschitz map. Then


Web 2.0 embraces a range of technologies. This paper seeks to examine the blended experiences of a cohort of undergraduate student's (N=355) in their use of face-to-face and virtual tools to complete a team project. The paper extends the work of Kirkman and Mathieu's (2005) dimensions of virtuality by examining synchronous, asynchronous and social media technologies, perceived information richness and use of virtuality to better understand the appeal of these technologies in terms of student diversity and student outcomes (assessed as team productivity and learning). The findings suggest that students with english as a first language use technologies differently to those for whom english is a second language. Females as compared to males find virtual tools a richer media. The qualitative findings reveal that students like using wikis because it provides a common technology platform, provides transparency of member contributions, allows structured knowledge sharing and collaboration and for some it was convenient. The findings also showed that some technologies were positively associated with team productivity and learning (e.g., social media) and that face-to-face interaction is still important to student outcomes.


Investigation of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves produced by lightning activity has been used to assist the characterization of a variety of phenomena related to atmospheric electricity in the Earth environment. Detection of Schumann Resonance spectral features of the earth-ionosphere cavity from outside the cavity offers new remote sensing capabilities to assess tropospheric-space weather connections, namely periodic patterns observed in a variety of tropospheric, ionospheric, and magnetospheric processes. A link between the water mixing ratio and atmospheric electrical conductivity makes Schumann resonance a suitable tool to assess volatile abundance of the outer planets, offering new capabilities to constrain thermodynamic parameters of the protosolar nebula from which the solar system evolved. In this work we discuss a technique and associated instrumentation to detect Schumann resonance signatures of planetary environments and subsequently to infer the fraction of volatiles and to investigate weather patterns in the gaseous envelopes of the giant planets.


Background: There is a dearth of studies exploring the magnitude of mental disorders amongst adolescents and youths in the Arab world. To our knowledge, this phase 2 survey in Oman is the first nationally representative school-based study to determine the prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders (lifetime and over the preceding 12 months), their age-of-onset distributions and determine their severity over the past 12 months using the World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the WMH-CIDI, used for international comparison.


Through analysis of several main disposal methods of sludge such as comprehensive use, landfill, throwing sea and so on, the article put forwards that sludge recycling use should have a foothold in actural circumstance in everyplace, and that the best disposal and using project should be chosen based on environmental ecology performance, social benefit and economic benefit.


Considerable controversy has surrounded the early findings of David Birch that small businesses create at least a majority of all new jobs in the United States. Compounding the controversy has been Birch himself who has disavowed his earlier conclusion. This article reexamines the issue of contribution of various size business establishments to job growth using a better dataset, a modified definition of a "small business, " and an ability to track the job-generating contributions of various size establishments across segments of the business cycle, across industry sectors and specific industries, and across differing geographic locations. In addition the article examines the role of using gross versus net job generation as the measure of job generation contribution. The article concludes that the role of establishment size varies by definition, time period, industry, and location.


The comparison principle of fractional differential equations is discussed in this paper. We obtain two kinds of comparison principle which are related to the functions in the right hand side of equations, and the order of fractional derivative, respectively. By using the comparison principle, the boundedness of fractional Lorenz system and fractional Lorenz-like system are studied numerically. Numerical simulations are carried out which demonstrate our theoretical analysis.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


In order to investigate the effect of accumulated charge on a substrate surface in the deposition of a SiO2 film with an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet, we have measured the discharge current flowing into a copper substrate, which was placed 20 mm from the exit of the plasma jet and connected to a variable capacitor in series. We found that the discharge current decreased markedly when the capacitance of the substrate was below 100 pF, and the deposition rate of SiO2 traced the variation of the capacitance. To analyze the behavior of the plasma jet, we considered an equivalent circuit of our system and verified the validity of our supposition that the accumulated charge restricts the deposition rate. Thereby, we found that the discharge current and deposition rate were determined by the capacitance of both the glass tube wall and the substrate.


Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic disease which is the main causes of kidney failure and highest mortality of all complications of diabetes mellitus. Over 20-40% of people with diabetes will suffer from diabetic nephropathy and many patients were unreachable by health services particularly in rural regions. Purpose of this study was to analyze cost of therapy in diabetic nephropathy inpatient, to discover differences between real costs against Indonesia-Case Base Groups (INA-CBG's) rates and to determine factors that affect cost of therapy in diabetic nephropathy inpatient.
This study was observational analytic with cross-sectional design and utilize hospital perspective. Subjects of this study were diabetic nephropathy patient who were hospitalized in 2018. Data collected retrospectively. Data from this study were medical record data and Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) claim for diabetic nephropathy patients. Suitability analysis of real cost against INA-CBG's using one sample t-test, while the analysis of factors that affect real costs used bivariate correlation test.
Result of this study showed that average cost for diabetic nephropathy therapy at Ir. Soekarno Sukoharjo Public Hospital in 2018 class 1, 2 and 3 were Rp.5.557.875, Rp.4.327.216 and Rp.4.225.696 respectively. There were differences in real costs of setting INA-CBG's rates in treatment class 2, severity level I, grade 3, severity level I and class 3, and severity level III. The difference in cost of therapy with INA-CBG rates in 61 patients amounted to Rp. -11.888.021. Factors that affect real cost of diabetic nephropathy are Length of Stay (LOS), treatment class and disease severity.
Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, INA-CBG's, Cost Analysis, Ir. Soekarno Sukoharjo Public Hospital.


Women receiving thyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism need an average of 45 percent more drug during pregnancy, in part because of an estrogen-induced


Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), also called Spread Spectrum Multiple Access (SSMA), is a method that allows multiple users to share the same band without the need for coordination among the users. With this approach, each user is designated a unique pseudo-noise (PN) code so that other users sharing the band are treated the same as any other interferer: the power that is incident at the receiver is reduced by the processing gain (roughly speaking, the number of PN chips per bit) in the course of despreading the signal of interest. The primary advantages of CDMA over other multiple access techniques are:


Twenty three mentally retarded adults affected with epilepsy and institutionalised in a home were managed by us for more than 2 years. The peculiarities of the epilepsy and the various difficulties confronted while treating them are documented. All of them were retarded since birth or early childhood and dependent for guidance on the caregivers for self care and other day today activities. 1) A mixture of atonic and genralised tonic clonic seizure was observed in 22%. 2) Sixty nine percent had at least one attack of GTCS per week. 3) At the end of 2 years of adequate treatment 48% continued to have breakthrough seizure once in 2- 4 weeks. 4) Behaviour disorder was noticed in 65% (15) initially and with the control of epilepsy forced normalisation occurred in 33% (5) of them. The caregivers played the vital role in (a) identifying the type of seizure (b) administering the drugs regularly in spite of several difficulties and (c) observing as well as informing the physician about the adverse effect of the drugs and changes in the behaviour early. For successful management of mentally challenged epileptic adults, a well co-ordinated effort by both the physician and dedicated, knowledgeable caregivers is essential.


In this experiment, five commercial cultivars and one wild species of loquat were used to investigate frost tolerance and enzymatic activities in leaves and young fruits under cold stress at -3℃. The frost injury, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and oxygen-scavenging enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied. This results showed that the wild species 'Wild Oak-leaf' loquat was the most frost tolerant among accessions tested, followed by the cultivar 'Golden Block'. Other cultivars, 'Wu Gong Bai', 'Taicheng 4', 'Xiangzhong 11' and 'Zaozhong 6', were relatively weak in frost tolerance. The enzymatic activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased initially and then decreased as the exposure time increased. However, the enzymatic peak occurred later in the frost-tolerant accession than in the frost-sensitive accession. The correlation coefficients of MDA contents between leaves and immature fruits were from 0.93 to 0.99 in the five commercial loquat cultivars. For the 'Wild Oak-leaf' loquat, the correlation coefficients of MDA and POD were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively, but the coefficients for SOD, CAT and APX were relatively low. In general, there were good correlations between loquat leaves and immature fruits in MDA content and enzyme activities. These results indicate that analysis of these physiological and biochemical activities in loquat leaves could potentially be used to predict the cold tolerance in loquat at immature fruit stage and to accelerate breeding programs for cold tolerance in loquat.


Aim; This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating knowledge and applications about hand hygiene of the children and the mothers themselves.
Material Method;This research, retrospective and dectriptive, was carried out between the dates March 2009 and June 2009. The town of Palandoken was chosen randomly from three towns of Erzurum City Centre. Of the eight family health centre depending on this town, a family health centre was chose randomly by means of sampling. 4000 women in the 15 and 49 years of age group formed the study context. In the circumstance in which the context is known, the sampling was determined as 350 by means of sampling method. The women, married and with children, accepting to participate in the research or coming to family health centre for any reasons were included in the research. The data of the research were collected by a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers. The data of the research were evaluated by making percentage distributions in computer.
Results; It was found out that 44.9 % of the women was in 26-35 age group, and that 52.6 % of the women was primary school graduate, and that 32.3 % of the women had to children.
It was also found out that 83.7 % of the mothers washed their hands ten or more times, and that 38.6 % of the mothers washed their hands before coming into toilets, and that 100 % of the mothers washed their hands after going out the toilets, and that 75.7 % of the mothers dried their hands by using clot towels.
When, during the child care, knowledge and applications about hand hygiene of the mothers were examined, it was observed that 59.1 % of the mothers washed their hands before giving breast feding, and that 39.4 % of the mothers know that they should wash their hands before changing their babies under. After changing baby diaper, the rate of mothers expressing that they should wash their hands was 93.3 %. 74.9 % of the mothers stated that the hands should be washed when the baby vomited or after baby cleaning finished.
Conclusion; It was found out that the mothers did not have sufficient knowledge and applications about hand hygiene in the care themselves and their children.


The gas chromatographic retention characteristics of a variety of underivatized phenols have been studied by using Superox-20M coated on fused silica. The relative retention times of thes compounds were measured at 160, 150, and 140/sup 0/C in order to determine the effect of operating temperature on relative retention. This information is used to predict relative retention times of phenols for which we had no standards. The linear temperature-programmed retention indexes of the solutes were measured. The retention of phenols on this phase is a function of the compounds vapor pressure, its ability to hydrogen bond with the stationary phase, and the strengths of those hydrogen bonds. These properties are in turn governed by steric, inductive, and resonance effects of the substituents. Linear free-energy relations between the logarithm of the ratio of the activity coefficients of phenol to substituted phenol (calculated from relative retention data) and the chromatographic substituent constant, sigma/sub c/, have been determined for some phenols on Superox-20M. Lastly, it was shown by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments that Superox-20M is apparently a poly(ethylene glycol) (also called a polyoxiran or poly(ethylene oxide)). 5 figures, 3 tables.


While Model Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) of CT scans has been shown to have better image quality than Filtered Back Projection (FBP), its use has been limited by its high computational cost. More recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown great promise in both denoising and reconstruction applications. In this research, we propose a fast reconstruction algorithm, which we call Deep Learning MBIR (DL-MBIR), for approximating MBIR using a deep residual neural network. The DL-MBIR method is trained to produce reconstructions that approximate true MBIR images using a 16 layer residual convolutional neural network implemented on multiple GPUs using Google Tensorflow. In addition, we propose 2D, 2.5D and 3D variations on the DL-MBIR method and show that the 2.5D method achieves similar quality to the fully 3D method, but with reduced computational cost.


Recent high-profile cases of police violence that have ended with nonindictments of the involved officers have increased public scrutiny of criminal justice systems' approach to police-suspects. This Comment focuses on the assertion made by many that local prosecutors cannot fairly prosecute their law enforcement counterparts because of unfair bias. This Comment puts to the side the issue of whether such bias actually exists and instead focuses on the perception that these biases exist, arguing that systemic changes are needed to address the appearance of injustice they cause. The perception of bias degrades the appearance of justice to the public and police alike, endangering the legitimacy of the legal system; for that reason, we ought to presumptively disqualify local prosecutors from handling cases involving police-suspects. Instead, an independent special prosecutor, an outsider appointed by the state attorney general, or a civilian review board should handle such cases. ROBERTSON_COMMENT GALLEYPROOFS 4/23/2018 1:15 PM 854 EMORY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 67:853 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 855 I. FAILURE TO SATISFY THE APPEARANCE OF JUSTICE .......................... 857 A. Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and the Appearance of Justice ........................................................................................ 857 B. Conflict-of-Interest Law and the Appearance of Justice ........... 860 1. The Appearance of Impropriety Standard Should Apply to Prosecutors .......................................................................... 861 2. The Apparent Conflict When Local Prosecutors Prosecute Police ................................................................................... 865 C. Differential Treatment: The Grand Jury ................................... 869 1. The Function of the Grand Jury .......................................... 869 2. The Role of the Prosecutor in the Grand Jury ..................... 871 3. Comparing Grand Juries: Police vs. Civilian Suspects ...... 874 D. Race and the Appearance of Justice .......................................... 877 II. APPOINTING THE SPECIAL PROSECUTOR ............................................ 879 A. Narrowing Alternatives ............................................................. 881 1. Other Prosecutors ............................................................... 881 2. Civilian Review Boards ....................................................... 883 B. Framework for Appointing Special Prosecutors ....................... 883 1. What Conditions Trigger Appointment? .............................. 884 2. Logistics of Appointment ..................................................... 885 3. Powers, Responsibilities, and Oversight ............................. 885 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 886 ROBERTSON_COMMENT GALLEYPROOFS 4/23/2018 1:15 PM 2018] RESTORING PUBLIC CONFIDENCE 855


When severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice undergo i.p. injection with peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal human donors seropositive for EBV, a majority of these mice (hu-PBL-SCID mouse model) subsequently develop a fatal EBV+ lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD) of human B-cell origin. Because T cells normally are critical in the control of EBV infection, we hypothesized that human T-cell dysfunction accounts for EBV-LPD in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse and that systemic administration of T-cell-derived cytokines would reestablish protective immunity against EBV-LPD. We show that the daily s.c. administration of a very low dose (500 international units) of polyethylene glycol-modified recombinant human interleukin 2 (PEG-IL-2) to hu-PBL-SCID mice can prevent the development of fatal EBV-LPD and significantly improves survival (78%), compared with the survival of hu-PBL-SCID mice treated with placebo (20%, P = 0.0008). Additional lymphocyte-depletion experiments showed that mouse natural killer cells and human CD8+ T cells provided cellular immunity necessary for the PEG-IL-2-mediated protective effect, whereas i.p. injection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of CD4+ T cells had no adverse effect when combined with PEG-IL-2 therapy and may have been beneficial. These data establish that very low-dose PEG-IL-2 therapy can overcome the immune deficiencies that lead to EBV-LPD in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse and point to the usefulness of this model for evaluating cytokine therapies in EBV-LPD. The use of low-dose IL-2 as a preventative immune therapy has potential application in immunocompromised individuals at high risk for EBV-LPD.


A new community finding algorithm, based on the greedy algorithm with graph clustering by computing the density variation sequence and identifying core nodes, number of communities, partition the certain nodes to some belonged community with the similarity of characteristics of communication behavior by continuous readjusting the centrality of the communities. The use of community density and effective diameter to measure the quality of the community partition on the real datasets of email corpus shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has received an order for a rubber tired automated people mover (APM) system from the Land Transport Authority (LTA) of Singapore, and has made its first delivery of the originally developed "Crystal Mover" APM vehicles. The "Crystal Mover" is an export version conforming to overseas market needs, excellent in design, and peopleand environment-friendly. For installation in Singapore, the standards and specifications can be varied depending on the wishes of customers. This paper reports on the "Crystal Mover" and its subsystems that assure safe and comfortable operation.


As application of manipulators in industry increases, the coordination among manipulators becomes an issue of importance. One class of coordination, which we refer to as collision avoidance, involves manipulators which execute essentially independent working sequences, but share a common workspace. A second class of coordination, which can be thought of as cooperation, occurs when two or more manipulators execute simultaneous and related working sequenices which require precise manipulator-to-manipul1ator contact, perhaps via a tool and a workpiece. After we bring two manipulators into contact, the most important quantities to be controlled are usually the relative position and the interacting force between the workpiece and the end-effector of each manipulator during .operations on that workpiece. We give a systematic procedure for design of the cooperative position control structure for two coordinated manipulators [13. In our design, the concepts of external linearization and output decoupling are used [2] [4]. We propose prototype pole-placement design and in particular, the Bessel prototype, with its "time delay" characteristic behavior [5), as an appropriate design approach for the high-order robotic system. In this paper, we demonstrate that the design procedure shown in [1] is applicable to the design of cooperative force control structure as well.


American Relief Administration was a nongovernmental humanitarian organization, which provided humanitarian help to the starving people of Russia in 1921 1923. The publication presents ARA documents covering some aspects of its activities in Samara region in 1921 1923.


PURPOSE: To reduce electric power in accordance with a load in a multiprocessor system sharing a main storage. CONSTITUTION: At the time of judging that a load is lower than a fixed level, a processor 101 transfers mts own process to the other processor 111 and then controls a device 103 for interrupting its own clock to stop a clock 104. Thereby power consumption can be reduced by said clock stop. In addition, execution environments for all processes can be continuously effectively held. Since a clock terminal 121 is shared by both the processors when the processors are integrated on the same semiconductor chip 100, a time difference between clocks can be reduced. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Teaching and learning process can be defined as a transformation process of knowledge from teachers to students. It is referred as the combination of various elements within the process where an educator identifies and establish the learning objectives and develop teaching resources and implement the teaching and learning strategy. On the other hand, learning is a cardinal factor that a teacher must consider while teaching students. The paper evaluated various academic journals, pedagogy and inclusive practices to assess the teaching effectiveness within the higher education setting. The objective of the research is to assess the teaching effectiveness in higher education setting. The research used experimental research methods (primarily reflection) using literary forms to analyse the theory with the reinforcement of the practice from the university experiences. The research findings suggests that, providing positive and adequate formative and developmental feedback, introduction of role play have profound positive impact on the confidence and self-esteem of the students. It was also revealed that, active learning environment promotes inclusivity and improve the faculty and student academic performances. The research findings will enable the educators to help create and implement an inclusive teaching and learning environment to improve the learner's expectation and academic performance.


Among the two study sites, a total of 5847 mosquito larvae were sampled, of which 44.75% (n= 2617) were Culex (Cx.), belonging to this species Cx. antennatus (42%) Cx. quinquefasciatus (25%) Cx. simpsoni (14%) Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (8%) Cx. theileri (5%) Cx. musarum (4%) and Cx. pipiens (2%)) and 44.46% (n= 2600) Anopheles (An.) belong to six species which were An. arabiensis (38%) An. funestus (27%), An. rufipes (24%), An. phronesis (9%), An. nili (0.5%), and An. dattali (0.5%). However, all the Aedes (Ae.) larvae 5.26% (n= 308) collected were found to be A. aegypti. This is my first-time reporting An. funestus in central Sudan. Its percentage observed among the anopheline species reported showed a great successful in its adaptation to new environmental setting of central Sudan; an observation showed new obstacle for malaria vector control in the country. Similarly, Ae. aegypti is now an important mosquito vector in the country and its role in the recent outbreaks of dengue fever and rivet valley fever call for an urgent investigation.


The process is badly handled at present, and new guidance is welcome

For any employee to be excluded from work is a devastating blow, whatever the circumstances. In the case of doctors the safety of patients may be a justifiable reason, but the process that leads to that decision is not straightforward and in many cases the individuals concerned, their colleagues, and the patients feel confused and uninformed.

A recent report from the National Audit Office has confirmed what many suspected and some have suffered at first hand—that the process of suspension has to date been haphazard and badly handled in many NHS organisations.1 Following this report comes new guidance from the Department of Health, contained in a direction to NHS trusts that has to be applied to all suspensions.

The report from the National Audit Office is forthright about the expensive and damaging consequences that result when suspensions are performed badly. The numbers involved are hard to ascertain, but estimates indicate that at any one time in the past three years more than 30 doctors were suspended for six months or more, and between April 2001 and July 2002, 206 doctors were suspended by NHS trusts in England, with 44% (90) of these suspensions said to be related to issues of professional competence. Costs are estimated at around £29m ($54.5m; €42m) each year for the NHS as a whole. …


Physiologic studies, including cardiac catheterization, electrocardiography, and determination of heart volume have been performed on eight newborn infants with normal cardiovascular status, ranging in age from 7 hours to 14 days. The two most interesting results of these studies were the finding of right ventricular and pulmonary hypertension of moderate degree, and a significantly barge left to right shunt of blood through the ductus arteriosus after the third day of life.[See Table II in Source Pdf]


The invention discloses a novel production process of rubber vulcanization accelerator DM, which comprises adding 10-500g M-NH3 salt into a reactor, dripping mixture solution of hydrogen peroxide solution with 1-35% concentration and sulfuric acid with 1-70% concentration at a flow rate of 5-900ml/min, stirring to react for 30-300 minutes under the conditions of 20-190 DEG C and 100-3500 rotation/min rotary speed taking sample and testing pH value, stopping reaction when pH value reaches to 5.0-8.0, pumping and filtering, scouring with water, filtering and drying to obtain product of rubber accelerator DM whose yield reaches over 99%. Simultaneously, pregnant antimony solution is distilled, and ammonial solution can be reused. The invention has the advantages of simple process and easy industrialization, adopts environment-friendly oxidation agent, and DM which is obtained has high fusing point and high yield, and yield of accelerator DM can reach over 99%.


1. Field potentials were evoked in slices of rat olfactory cortex by stimulating the lateral olfactory tract. In addition to previously described components of the wave‐form, a further distinct surface‐negative potential of low amplitude and long duration (I‐wave) has been described. 2. Pentobarbitone, at concentrations of 10(‐5) M and above, markedly enhanced enhanced the amplitude and duration of the I‐wave with only minimal effect on other components of the field potential. 3. The I‐wave was reversibly reduced by the GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin and was also attenuated at rapid rates of stimulation. Low chloride medium usually caused a transient increase in amplitude of the I‐wave followed by a gradual reduction, suggesting that a chloride‐mediated depolarization was involved. 4. Evoked inhibition, which was most probably post‐synaptic, occurred in parallel with the I‐wave. This was monitored as a suppression of, or increase in latency of the population spike evoked by a second stimulus at appropriate intervals after the first. Pentobarbitone substantially increased the duration of the post‐synpatic inhibition, without obvious changes in the presynaptic inhibitory phenomenon associated with antidromic firing in the lateral olfactory tract. 5. It is proposed that the I‐wave is the field potential representation of a population depolarizing i.p.s.p. and that the main action of pentobarbitone is to enhance this inhibition.


IT HAS LONG BEEN MAINTAINED THAT TIMELY CARE IN DOCTORS' offices can prevent expensive hospitalizations for untreated conditions. But does the evidence support this assumption? A recent paper published in Health Services Research raises important questions about the effectiveness of the ambulatory care received by patients living in lower-income areas. The Manitoba authors concentrated on nine health problems, called


A relatively simple, inexpensive, and yet exact, binary code data-back-fiducial marking system may be added to any existing camera by the use of LED illumination of the back of the film through precisely aligned holes in the focal plane pressure plate.


In this paper we consider the problem of applying the algorithm of time series analysis "Caterpillar" to study the behavior of customers at the shop. The authors developed and implemented software consisting of a mobile application for customers which allows collecting statistics of customer behavior and the server side to store and processing data. Authors analyzed results obtained during five months of work with the use of statistical methods for analyzing time series. Authors clarified dependencies which can allow forming effective strategies for interacting with customers in future. The analysis results and conclusions are presented in the work.


The technological development on hygroscopic and dry FDY is discussed. The special spinneret and Spin-draw process is designed, the factor of the influences to FDY profiled degree in the production process is analyzed. Result shocoes, hygroscopic and dry FDY produced at 4000~4500 m/min, run steadily, meet requirement of post processing, FDY profiled degree is up to 60 % , it is good material fohygroscopic and dry fabric.


Abstract The application of virtual reality (VR) as a supportive tool in psychotherapy has gained great popularity in recent years. Especially for addiction therapy, a combination of virtual exposure and learning or training coping skills by using biofeedback has a high potential to improve conventional therapy. To add value, the new therapy system has to meet the needs of patients and practitioners likewise. Added values consistently named by experts included, but were not limited to, new possibilities of creating individual exposition or coping scenarios, enhanced psychoeducation, a shorter duration of treatment, telemedical aspects, the possibility of measuring and predicting craving and finally an improvement in abstinence. Besides literature research, we evaluated existing technical solutions in the field of virtual addiction treatment, surveyed experts and evolved a concept that led to a first prototype. The prototype consists of a wireless VR headset and a wireless multi-sensor system for measuring the physiological reaction to stimuli or the effectiveness of coping strategies by means of biofeedback. For further studies we developed both, a virtual exposure and a coping scenario and tested the hardware and software in a pilot study in order to elaborate factors that could negatively affect the therapy adherence, the effectiveness of exposition (immersion) and possible hurdles in practical use. Cybersickness and the lack of haptic feedback turned out to be the main limiting factors. Concepts for the next iteration of the therapy system will reflect these points for upcoming clinical studies. In our proof of concept, we demonstrated that virtual therapy can be implemented with a reasonable effort of time and costs. The combination of software and hardware, that supplements the traditional therapeutic approach, lays the foundation for upcoming clinical use and trials to prove the better outcome of VR enhanced addiction therapy.


Excerpt To the editor: I have read with great interest a recent paper entitled "How Cardiologists Learn About Echocardiography" (1). In attempting to reconstruct Table 1, I have found what appears ...


Calcific aortic stenosis has an increasing prevalence in developed countries because of the ageing population. Timely valve intervention can positively affect the clinical course, outcomes and survival of patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently approved for severe aortic stenosis patients with intermediate, high, or prohibitive surgical risk. Several clinical predictors of poor post-TAVI survival have been identified, such as preoperative atrial fibrillation, chronic lung, liver or kidney disease, concomitant mitral valve disease, and right-sided heart failure with or without pulmonary hypertension. Beyond these conditions, frailty has been recognized as an important prognosticator of disability and death following both surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and TAVI.


The aim of this paper is to draw the attention of political theorists to the once popular and today too much neglected role of character in fashioning democratic politics. I do this through a discussion of what I consider the two most promising contemporary approaches: the republican theory of civic virtues and the pragmatist theory of democratic habits. My claim is that habits, more than virtues, provide a promising starting point for enriching our understanding of democracy. The paper proceeds as follows. After having clarified the philosophical grammars of virtues and habits and their stakes, I discuss at some length the republican theory of civic virtues, distinguishing its two main branches, the neo-Athenian and the neo-Roman, and showing that both run into significant theoretical troubles. I then proceed to examine the pragmatist account of political habits and show that it proves more successful than republican virtues in explaining how different trait of character could be integrated into a normative account of democracy.


Our study was carried out during the period from November 2018 to May 2019. 24 rats were used assigned and divided into three groups. The first group was the control group and a second group were injected with aqueous extraction of Eucalyptus leaves extract at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg /Kg experiment lasted 30 days. Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu were measured in the leaves of plant and after confirming the presence of these heavy metals, we exposed the laboratory animals to the Eucalyptus aqueous extract and after the end of the period rats were sacrifice and blood collected. Blood were used to measure study parameters and relative gene expression of (SOD and catalase). Moreover, antioxidants and enzymes AST and AL were measured from serum. Results showed that the concentration of Pb in the plant was 0.19μg/g. The highest mean Zn was 14.23μg/g. The Cd concentration was 0.35μg/g and the copper concentration were 2.31μg/g from previous data we can find out that the amount of heavy metals is not really high. we would be expected low impact on animals since not high concentration found. The results of blood parameters of rats showed different outcome where it has been noticed that a significant increase in Hb, PLT and RBC at the 100mg/kg exposure and an increase in WBC in both concentrations. In addition, our results showed a significant decrease in RBC and Hb at the 150mg/Kg decrease MDA, MCV and MCH levels are decreased at both concentrations. A significant decrease in AST at 150mg/kg while the results showed a significant increase in lower concentration.


Objective: To chart the transition in myocardial infarction mortality in NSW between 1969 and 1994 and to determine whether spatial, marital and occupational status differentials increased over time, despite overall mortality decline.


In this note, we consider the family of hyperbolic quadratic polynomials and discuss its Lyapunov characteristic exponents. We make use of the structural stability of this family and show that the results of Manning on Lyapunov exponents for Julia sets do not generalize to other Bernoulli measures.


A photon counting system, utilizing a CID as the imager sensor, is under development at RIT. The system integrates a programmable, DSP based driver system capable of generating fast readout and sub-array dynamic control sequences. A high speed event recognition and centroiding computation task is performed by a dedicated board, based on field programmable gate array technology, which provides the necessary spatial resolution while maintaining high data throughput capability. The system architecture is flexible and capable of handling different CID array architectures and sizes. Preliminary performance results are presented, and characteristics of CIDs, such as subarray injection, that impact the total possible throughput, and therefore, the dynamic range, are discussed.


This article introduced the functions of the elements of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim.It mostly recounted distilling method,extracting method,the compound method of distilling and extracting to separate its fragrant elements,in the end,the research and application development on extracting the fragrant elements were expounded,and some problems and attitudes in Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim industry were adverted.


INTRODUCTION: The discovery of human parasites goes way back to Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch draper of Holland, who used single lens microscopes to observe microscopic organisms in faeces of man and animals and named them as animalcules. Parasites have been the bane of mankind for centuries and continue to cause high morbidity and sufferings in world – especially in the developing countries like India. At any given moment most of the world's population would be found to be infected with parasites, the majority being children. According to a report of World Health Organization (WHO) "the total number of protozoal & helminthic infections currently existing worldwide far outnumber the total world population since multiple infections is the rule rather than the exception. (1)School-age children are particularly susceptible to parasitic infestations, often carrying higher burdens of parasites than adults. According to Brooker et al., the greatest obstacle to effective control of parasites in at-risk populations is inadequate knowledge of the geographical distribution of infection and the demographic variables that influence the prevalence of infection (2).


Advances in technology in the last decade have created a diverse field of applications for the care of persons with cognitive impairment. This chapter is an attempt to review these advances in a systematic way, and focuses on observations of current software engineering systems (computer based assistive interventions) that contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cognitive problems. Nevertheless a holistic approach has been attempted, in order to view the research themes and applications that currently exist around the "intelligent systems" healthcare given to the cognitively impaired persons, thus looking at research directions, systems, technological frameworks and trends.


Paclitaxel predrugs can increase the paclitaxel solubility in water and decrease the adverse reactions caused by the Cremophor EL.They can avoid anti-allergy pretreatment for clinical research and improve the advantage in pharmacokinetic,pharmacodynamics or toxicity.Paclitaxel predrugs give a good perspective in clinical development. This article integrates and analyses the developments of some paclitaxel predrugs and clinical applications of paclitaxel predrugs in recent years.


Scientific articles have always been a very important topic because they are an important part of science. The community service team seeks to provide scientific article writing training to help guide writing scientific articles for students who are preparing their thesis. Based on the results of observations and discussions on the undeveloped ability to write and publish student scientific articles and have not been socialized and various problems related to student learning activities, it is possible to identify various problems in the field, namely given examples of articles in the library or other campus facilities for reading and student reference. To overcome the problems mentioned above, the implementation of solutions to these problems, the team provided a webinar through Google Meet about writing scientific articles and the publication process for students of STAI Al-Karimiyah, Department of Islamic Education. The team shared information about the writing of scientific articles and the publication process in the planned journal. The result of this community service is that students are expected to be able to write scientific articles according to the journal standards.


In November 2006 the House of Commons approved a series of changes recommended by its Select Committee on Modernisation that altered the procedures by which parliament scrutinises government bills. The committee stage of the legislative process in the House of Commons, the stage where bills are examined in detail, was overhauled in the interests of achieving enhanced scrutiny and a more informed and accessible legislative process. Standing committees, as were, were re-named 'public bill committees' and endowed with the power to call witnesses and receive written submissions from interested and expert bodies external to parliament, in the course of their scrutiny of a bill. To a limited extent, these committees have become more like select committees.

The introduction of public bill committees was an important innovation in the way the House of Commons scrutinises legislation. But it has not been subject to any evaluation. We encouraged Jessica Levy to pursue her Masters dissertation at UCL on this topic. It was a good dissertation, so she was later invited to develop it - following further research - into a report for the Constitution Unit. This is the result.

The report draws on a series of almost 30 interviews with many of the key players in public bill committees to date – government and opposition spokespersons, backbenchers, clerks and witnesses – and an examination of documents relating to all such committees in the 2006-07 and 2007-08 sessions. It is the first comprehensive study to review the work of the new committees.

Public bill committees have been described as 'a step and a half in the right direction.' In this report Jessica sets out many of their benefits, and also recommends a series of further improvements. If her recommendations are accepted, these important new committees will be moving more strongly in the right direction and making a real contribution to the scrutiny of legislation.


Abstract Aim of the study was to investigate procrastination and its relation with self-efficacy and clinical decision making among staff nurses. Subject and method: comparative correlative descriptive design was adopted to fulfill the aim of this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Minia University Hospital; Gynecology, Obstetric and Pediatric University Hospital; and Minia Psychiatric health and Addiction Hospital. Subject: the present study included all staff nurses at previous 3 Hospitals (n= 386). Tools of data collection: Personal data sheet and three scales were used for collecting data for this study. 1st scale, General procrastination scales (GPS) 2nd scale, General Self-Efficacy Sub-Scale and 3rd scale, Clinical Decision Making Nursing Scale. (CDMNS): Results: the highest level of procrastination (52.8%) among staff nurses who working at Minia University Hospital comparing with staff nurses who working at Gynecology, Obstetric and Pediatric University Hospital and Minia Psychiatric Health and Addiction Hospital as (37.2% & 19.6%) respectively. Conclusion: there were a negative correlation between staff nurses' procrastination and self-efficacy. Besides, there are a negative correlation between staff nurses' procrastination and clinical decision making. While, there are a positive correlation between clinical decision making and self-efficacy. Recommendation: Nursing staff development personnel should provide continuing educational sessions that are designed to understanding the relationship between self-efficacy and procrastination and to enhance the clinical decision-making abilities of registered nurses.


The aim was to investigate and evaluate rice noodles' nutritive value. After the enrichment, the rice noodles' quality was appraised by sensory evaluation methods and physical evaluation methods. While after the enrichment, rice noodles chemical and physical characters both had been changed, nay, during the process, the additive nutrition also lost more than half, especially in the VB1 and VB2 enriched rice noodles. During the industry process VB1 and VB2 lost more than 60%. Appearance and flavor changed. Physical character needed to be deeply explored. Ca content lost less than 20% and its physical character hadn't changed too much. The results from the present study indicated that rice noodles Ca enrichment is feasible.


Improvement in the energy efficiency of supercomputers can be accelerated by improving the quality and comparability of efficiency measurements. The ability to generate accurate measurements at extreme scale are just now emerging. The realization of system-level measurement capabilities can be accelerated with a commonly adopted and high quality measurement methodology for use while running a workload, typically a benchmark. This paper describes a methodology that has been developed collaboratively through the Energy Efficient HPC Working Group to support architectural analysis and comparative measurements for rankings, such as the Top500 and Green500. To support measurements with varying amounts of effort and equipment required we present three distinct levels of measurement, which provide increasing levels of accuracy. Level 1 is similar to the Green500 run rules today, a single average power measurement extrapolated from a subset of a machine. Level 2 is more comprehensive, but still widely achievable. Level 3 is the most rigorous of the three methodologies but is only possible at a few sites. However, the Level 3 methodology generates a high quality result that exposes details that the other methodologies may miss. In addition, we present case studies from the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Calcul Québec Université Laval that explore the benefits and difficulties of gathering high quality, system-level measurements on large-scale machines.


The KICP study has included development of a questionnaire that has been circulated to municipal staff, engineers, developers and other parties involved in the development review and approval process. As a part of the study, KICP has developed a checklist for use by developers and by municipal staff reviewing plans to identify potential opportunities for LID and to be sure that the relevant factors that can lead to success or failure of a LID approach are considered in the development review process. Checklists were applied to several proposed development projects to refine the checklists and to identify additional barriers to LID based on real world projects. This paper presents the results of the KICP study. Major components of the study discussed in this paper included the following: 1. Identification of potential barriers to design and implementation of LID practices. This was accomplished through a series of several meetings in which participants identified barriers they had encountered and through interviews with planners, engineers and developers. 2. Development of questionnaire based on barriers identified by the group. The questionnaire was distributed to municipal staff involved in KICP as well as to engineers and developers working in the KICP watersheds. The Homebuilders Association (HBA) of Metropolitan Denver also distributed the questionnaire to members of its water quality committee. 3. Identification of conceptual level strategies to address barriers identified as a part of the study.


Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in innate immunity and has been reported to be associated with the age‐related decline in lung function in cystic fibrosis.


The effects of an aluminide coating, Codep B-1, and of section thickness were investigated on two cast nickel base superalloys, Rene 80 and Rene 120. Cast section thicknesses ranged from 0.038 cm to 0.15 cm. Simulated engine exposures for 1000 hours at 899C or 982C in a jet fuel burner rig with cyclic air cooling were studied, as were the effects of surface machining before coating and re-machining and re-coating after exposures. The properties evaluated included tensile at room temperature., 871C and 982C, stress rupture at 760C, 871C, 982C and 1093C, high cycle mechanical fatigue at room temperature., and thermal fatigue with a 1093C peak temperature. Thin sections had tensile strengths similar to standard size bars up to 871C and lower strengths at 982C and above, with equivalent elongation, and stress rupture life was lower for thin sections at all test conditions. The aluminide coating lowered tensile and rupture strengths up to 871C, with greater effects on thinner specimens. Elevated temperature exposure lowered tensile and rupture strengths of thinner specimens at the lower test temperatures. Surface machining had little effect on properties, but re-machining after exposure reduced thickness and increased metallurgical changes enough to lower properties at most test conditions.


Based on the introducing of maintenance system,the evolution course of that for military aircraft in the world are summarized,the deficiencies of three-level maintenance and the advantage of two-level maintenance are analyzed.Finally,this paper indicates the development direction of maintenance system for military aircraft and also discusses the key technologies of that in detail.


Because indoline is an important intermediate of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and the antihypertensive drug "pentopril", and also because it is a ubiquitous scaffold found in the structures of several naturally bioactive alkaloids such as vinblastine, strychnine, (-)-physostigmine, ajmaline, and (+)-aspidospermidine, the synthesis of this "privileged structure" is meaningful in the design of new biologically active medicines. This microreview describes the recent advances in the synthesis of indoline derivatives, including Cu- and Pd-catalyzed reactions, metal-free approaches (radical reaction), as well as other types of reactions.


The distribution of the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes between gaseous NO and the CuCl/sub 2/-complex in liquid methanol was studied. The separation factor alpha (N/sup 14/N/sup 15) was determined by single stage equilibration: alpha (N/sup 14/N/sup 15/) varies from 1.017 at --20 deg to 1.012 at +l0 deg . The separation obtained in a 200 cm column packed with 2 x 2 mm silver mesh rings corresponded to stage heights of 2.2 and 3.0 cm at interstage flows of 1.0 and 1.3 mM NO/cm/sup 2/ min and temperatures +14 deg and --20 deg . From column experiments the separation factor for the oxygen isotopes was estimated as 1.01 > alpha (O/sup 16/O/sup 18/) > 1.005 at room temperature. The system can be refluxed thermally (exchange-distillation) and is attractive for N/sup 15/- enrichment. It is not feasible for O/sup 18/-enrichment due to side reactions in the column. (auth)


In order to develop a new natural tobacco flavor, mimose extract was prepared with ultrasonic circulation extraction. The effects of ultrasonic power, extraction time and temperature on the yield of the extract were investigated, and the extracting conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The volatile components in the extract were identified with SPME-GC/MS technology, and the flavoring experiments of the extract on cigarettes were also performed. The results demonstrated that: 1) The optimal extracting conditions were: extracting time 30 minutes, ultrasonic power 550 W and extracting temperature 55 ℃, under which the yield of the extract was 9.83%. 2) Sixty-six volatile components were identified in the extract. Among them, the contents of palmitic acid(8.032%), ethyl palmitate(6.807%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone(6.032%) were relatively higher. 3) Mimose concrete could modify and improve cigarette smoke, enhance aroma quality and aftertaste, reduce irritation, and mask offensive odor.


It is very important to consider simultaneous estimation of both system states and inaccessi‐ ble modes for hybrid systems with unknown modes [4,7,24,25]. This estimation is called hy‐ brid estimation. By the hybrid estimation we often want to know both a current mode and system state at each time through information of observation. However there exist cases that we want to know distributions of modes on long run time interval rather than each estimate of the modes themselves at each time to grasp global performance over long time intervals, for example, distributions of active modes in solar systems [5,21], distributions of active agents on formation or consensus via hybrid systems representation and so on.


Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a very debilitating condition. A case report of a 12-year-old girl with ankylosis between the mandibular notch and the skull base is presented. Trauma was identified as the probable cause. Al Kayat and Bramley approach followed by osteotomy and lateral swing of the zygomatic arch gained extraoral access to the site. Osteotomy of the bony mass was done between the mandibular notch and the skull base. The patient had good mouth opening at 1-year follow up.


Seismic response of underground structures is controlled by the earthquake-induced ground strain field and its interaction with the structure. Focusing on the response of the cross section, for simple geometry several closed-form solutions are available in the technical literature to compute the earthquake-induced stress increment in the lining. All these solutions are functions of the shear strain field which is the cause of the ovaling of the cross section. Since no direct measure of the transient ground strain during earthquake are available, it is common practice to indirectly compute the peak ground strains through simplified formulas based on simple assumptions of plane wave propagation in a homogeneous medium. A careful review of the damages caused by the earthquakes to underground structures shows that most damaged tunnels were located in the vicinity of the causative fault. Under such conditions ground motion is affected by near-fault effects and the induced strain field is quite complex. Therefore the use of simplified formulas may lead to a severe underestimation of the ground maximum strain. The strain field at depth can be evaluated numerically through the computation of synthetic time histories, however this procedure is rather involved, time consuming and requires numerous seismological input parameters. This paper illustrates the result of a numerical study in which an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been trained to predict the shear strain field in a neighbourhood of a seismogenic fault. The strain field was computed through numerical differentiation of synthetic displacement time histories obtained using the extended kinematic source model by Hisada and Bielak (2003). The reactivation of a fault located in the Sannio region (Southern Apennines, Italy) has been selected as a case study, since the fault is placed in the vicinity of an existing deep rock tunnel which is part of an important railway line in Southern Italy. The training of the ANN was conducted for a seismic source with varying magnitude, geometry and focal mechanism. Observation points at different strike and depth from the ground surface were considered. The computed results show the capability of ANN to predict the earthquake-induced strain field at depth in near-fault conditions and for varying seismological parameters.


Figure 1: An augmentation tool to the human project manager is delivered via a user interface and is powered by machine learning. Once a project manager logs in to the system they get predictions 4 weeks out about different projects for which they are responsible. After selecting the project "UI Project", the user can see "alerts" based on the predictions generated by a deployed machine learning model. The user then has the ability to study alerts and add notes in the description section. This forms an artificially intelligent project manager that augments the human project manager.