The basic physical parameters which govern the metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide are determined through a review of the properties of this material. The major importance of the Hubbard intra-atomic correlation energy in determining the insulating phase, which was already evidenced by studies of the magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ alloys, is further demonstrated from an analysis of their electrical properties. An analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of niobium-doped V${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ yields a picture for the current carrier in the low-temperature phase in which it is accompanied by a spin cloud (owing to Hund's-rule coupling), and has therefore an enhanced mass ($m\ensuremath{\simeq}60{m}_{0}$). Semiconducting vanadium dioxide turns out to be a borderline case for a classical band-transport description; in the alloys at high doping levels, Anderson localization with hopping transport can take place. Whereas it is shown that the insulating phase cannot be described correctly without taking into account the Hubbard correlation energy, we find that the properties of the metallic phase are mainly determined by the band structure. Metallic V${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is, in our view, similar to transition metals like Pt or Pd: electrons in a comparatively wide band screening out the interaction between the electrons in a narrow overlapping band. The magnetic susceptibility is described as exchange enhanced. The large density of states at the Fermi level yields a substantial contribution of the entropy of the metallic electrons to the latent heat. The crystalline distortion removes the band degeneracy so that the correlation energy becomes comparable with the band width and a metal-insulator transition takes place.


The invention provides an electrochemical sensing strip, which comprises an electrochemical strip body and an auxiliary supporting strip stacked on the bottom of the electrochemical strip body. Compared with the prior art, the electrochemical sensing strip provided by the invention is added with the auxiliary supporting strip, which can support the electrochemical strip body, consequently, the whole electrochemical sensing strip cannot be easily deformed, the bending resistance is enhanced, the electrochemical sensing strip cannot be easily bent by a tester performing testing operation, and thereby the testing error of the electrochemical sensing strip is reduced.


Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are incidentally discovered adrenal masses on imaging studies requested for reasons unrelated to adrenal pathology with a prevalence of 8% in autopsy and 4% in radiologic series. Although most AI are non-functioning benign adenomas, their increasing prevalence presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) in an asymptomatic 83yr old man, 8 years after being diagnosed with AI. ACC is an uncommon malignancy carrying a high mortality.


MMS(Mobile Mapping System) generates a efficient image data for mapping and facility management. However, this image data of MMS has many difficulties in a practical use because of huge data volume. Therefore the important information likes road sign post must be extracted from huge MMS image data. In Korea, there is the HMS(Highway Management System) to manage a national road that acquire the line and condition of road from the MMS images. In the HMS each road sign information is manually inputted by the keyboard from moving MMS. This manually passive input way generate the error like inaccurate position, mistaking input. In this research we developed the automatic road sign identifying technique using the image processing and the direct geo-referencing by GPS/INS data. This development brings not only good flexibility for field operations, also efficient data processing in HMS.


On September 12, 1850 (Aug. 7,30th year of Dao Guang, Qing Dynasty) a strong earthquake occurred in the Xichang-Ningnan region of Sichuan province. The provincial governor Xu Ze-chun submitted three memorials to the imperial government of Qing Dynasty successively.In this paper, a textual criticism of the earthquake hazard described in Xu's memorial to the throne is made on the basis of other historical documents and archaeological materials. As a result, the exaggerated and incorrect parts of the description are eliminated and the original state of the earthquake disaster is restored.


From small voltage regulators to large motor drives, power electronics play a very important role in present day technology. The power electronics market is currently dominated by silicon based devices. However due to inherent limitations of silicon material they are approaching thermal limit in terms of high power and high temperature operation. Performance can only be improved with the development of new power devices with better material properties. Silicon Carbide devices are now gaining popularity as next generation semiconductor devices. Due to its inherent material properties such as high breakdown field, wide band gap, high electron saturation velocity, and high thermal conductivity, they serve as a better alternative to the silicon counterparts. Here an attempt is made to study the unique properties of SiC MOSFET and requirements for designing a gate drive circuit for the same. The switching characteristics of SCH2080KE are analyzed using LTspice by performing double pulse test. Also driver circuit is designed for SiC MOSFET SCH2080KE and its performance is tested by implementing a buck converter.


Titanium matrix composites (TMC) are good-looking materials for structural application in aircraft, automobile and military industries. TMC has high strength to weight ratio and good wear resistance. These have stimulated further research to grow their applications, by additional enhancement in the properties. Ti-6Al4V (Grade 5) is one of the supreme extensively used titanium alloys, because of its high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. However, the foremost disadvantages of titanium and its alloys are low hardness and poor resistance to sliding wear [1-3]. Ceramic particles such as W, TiC, Al2O3 and Boron carbide (B4C) are mostly used for reinforcement of TMC. B4C is one of the supreme promising ceramic materials due to its good properties, such as high strength, low density, extreme high hardness and good chemical stability [4-6]. Many techniques have been used for the fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V-B4C composites such as liquid phase methods and solid-state consolidation [7-10]. However, due to its poor wetting between Ti-Al-V and B4C, liquid phase method is difficult. Powder metallurgy (P/M) processing is an alternative method to fabricate of Ti-6Al-4V-B4C composites. Moreover in this process, the problem of non-wettability of B4C with molten TMC does not arise. Mechanical alloying is a good-looking P/M technique that produces uniform dispersion of the secondary particles in the matrix.


This work presents a set of new statistics, the cumulant correlators (CCs), aimed at high-precision analysis of the galaxy distribution. They form a symmetric matrix, QNM, related to moment correlators in the same way cumulants are related to the moments of the distribution. They encode more information than the usual cumulants SN, and their extraction from data is similar to the calculation of the two-point correlation function. Perturbation theory (PT), its generalization in the extended perturbation theory (EPT), and the hierarchical assumption (HA) have simple predictions for these statistics. As an example, the factorial moment correlators measured by Szapudi and coworkers in the APM catalog are reanalyzed using this technique. While the previous analysis assumed hierarchical structure constants, this method can directly investigate the validity of the HA, along with PT and EPT. The results in agreement with previous findings indicate that, at the small scales used for this analysis, the APM data support the HA. When all nonlinear corrections are taken into account, it is a good approximation at the 20% level. It appears that PT, and a natural generalization of EPT for CCs, does not provide such a good fit for the APM at small scales. Once the validity of the HA is approximately established, CCs can separate the amplitudes of different tree types in the hierarchy up to fifth order. As an example, the weights for the fourth-order tree topologies are calculated including all nonlinear corrections.


INTRODUCTION The development of new fields of study in scientific research frequently depends on the advance of new techniques, and such techniques can revolutionize research in already established fields. Tissue culture is an excellent example of such a technical revolution. An editorial published in 1910 in the Journal of the American Medical Association commented that "it lays bare practically a whole new field for experimental attack on many of the fundamental problems in biology and medical science' Only four years later, a review discussed the applications of tissue culture in studies on cell morphology and differentiation, cancer, bacteriology, virology, immunology, radiobiology, and toxicology.2 But even such a revolutionary technique as tissue culture has a long history in which the principles of the technique were recognized and various partially successful attempts were made. Harrison's own experiments were part of a long research programme on nerve development in embryogenesis, and Oppenheimer has shown how these experiments were derived from the practices of experimental embryology and in particular from the embryo transplantation experiments of Born.3 Nor was Harrison the first to put cells or fragments of tissues or embryos in vitro, and various earlier workers achieved varying degrees of success. Oppenheimer and Rubin have listed a total of nineteen such investigations between 1855 and 1906, and, in view of Harrison's background, it is interesting to note that approximately one-half of these earlier, pioneering attempts were also "embryological"; the remainder may be described as lying within the field of pathology.' Like embryology, pathology had


Objective:To evaluate the short-term efficacy of one-stage thoracolumbar double osteotomy via posterior approach for severe congenital scoliosis associated with tethered cord syndrome.Method:From June 2008 to February 2009,3 patients with severe congenital scoliosis associated with tethered cord syndrome were treated with one-stage thoracolumbar double osteotomy.All the patients were female at the age of 15,17 and 17 years old,respectively.Their pre-operative scoliosis cobb angle was 81°,123° and 141° respectively.The spinal scoliosis flexibility was 23.5%,18.7% and 0.7%.The vertical distance between C7 and the center sacral line was 6.9cm,1.6cm and 1.8cm.2 of them had kyphosis with Cobb angle 52° and 46° before operation.Among the 3 patients,2 patients were associated with unilate unsegmented bar deformity,2 with diastematopyelia,and 1 with hemivertebrae.Also,2 patients sustained progressive low back pain,1 bilateral foot pain,and all the patients had lower limb weakness,associated with gait impairment and urinary dysfunction.Result:The average surgery time was 8.1 hours with average blood loss of 3733ml(3200~4200ml).At immediate postoperative assessment,the scoliosis was 7°,27° and 37°,showing 91.4%,78% and 73.7% scoliosis correction.The coronal imbalance was 0.2cm,0.8cm and 0.3cm showing 97.1%,50% and 83.3% correction respectively.As for the 2 patients with kyphotic deformity cobb angle 22° and 25°,the kyphotic deformity correction was 57.7% and 45.7%.All patients were followed up for 19,15 and 13 months.At the most recent follow-up,the Cobb angle was 10°,28° and 39°,showing 88.7%,77.2% and 72.3% scoliosis correction,respectively.The vertical distance between C7 and the center sacral line was 0.3cm,0.9cm and 0.4cm,showing 95.6%,43.7% and 77.7% correction.Moreover,the kyphosis cobb angle was 24° and 26°.Bony fussion was achieved in all patients,and there were no internal fixation failures or no significant correction loss.The patients′ tethered cord syndromes have been improved gradually after surgery without any symptoms in the recent follow-up.Conclusion:This surgical procedure is reliable in correcting severe deformity as well as relieving tethered cord syndromes.


PURPOSE: An extraction method of jujube leaves, jujube leaf extract produced therefrom, and food composition including thereof are provided to effectively obtain antioxidants from the jujube leaves. CONSTITUTION: An extraction method of jujube leaves comprises a step of extracting the jujube leaves at 35-50 deg C for 10-40 minutes using 20-60% ethanol. The jujube leaf extract obtained from the extraction method contains 170-180mg/g of polyphenol, and 30-50mg/g of flavonoid. The jujube leaf extract has the electron-donating ability of 80-90%.


Homojunction GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with lateral geometry have been simulated by ISE TCAD. Due to lateral current injection, the knowledge in effective length of current path that leads to uniform current spreading across the active area is very important. In this regard, we studied the effect from various length of lateral current path on the device performance. We found that the current tended to crowds near to the edge of mesa sidewall due to high current density caused by undesirable length of current path. The current crowding generated localized thermal effects and degraded the device lifetime. Furthermore, the work revealed that the symmetry current spreading length exhibited better current distribution and higher output power.


A Symposium on Statistical Association Methods for Mechanized Documentation was held in Washington, D.C., in March 1964. The Symposium was jointly sponsored by the Research Information Center and Advisory Service on Information Processing, Institute for Applied Technology, National Bureau of Standards, and by the American Documentation Institute. Topics covered include the historical foundations, background and principles of statistical association techniques as applied to problems of documentation, models and methods of applying such techniques, applications to citation indexing, and tests, evaluation methodology and criticism. This volume contains 22 of the papers included in the program, the abstracts of 4 additional papers that were presented, and the text of the talk given by R. M. Hayes at the banquet. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 65-60077


throughput available for a particular wireless client especially in case when all clients are busy transmitting and receiving data. In this paper we focus on estimating throughput unfairness existing in wireless networks incorporating both low and high data rate clients. This is one of the most topical and yet not effectively resolved performance issues in mixed Wi-Fi networks occurred when high-speed 802.11n clients have to share 802.11n access points together with the legacy 802.11a/b/g clients [2]. Besides, this problem arises when one of the wireless clients is forced to reduce its data rate because of the weak strength of The paper discusses throughput unfairness inherent in the very nature of mixed data rate Wi-Fi networks employing random media access control technique CSMA/CA. This unfairness exhibits itself through the fact that slow clients consume more airtime to transfer a given amount of data, leaving less airtime for other clients. This decreases the overall network throughput and significantly degrades performance of high data rate clients. In the paper we propose mathematical models considering airtime unfairness and estimating wireless networks throughput depending on number of network connections and their data rates. These models show that all wireless clients have an equal throughput independently of data rates used by them. We verify our theoretical findings by running natural experiment and show that client's throughput approximates to the data rate of the slowest client.


SURVEYS of public opinion have repeatedly found that the occupation of author is held in comparatively high esteem by the American public, ranking among the top 10 percent of all occupations (Reiss, et al., 1961). Since the prestige of an occupation is notably associated with the typical income derived from it (Blau and Duncan, 1967; Featherman and Hauser, 1978; Treiman, 1977), the prestige accorded authors might therefore suggest that Americans believe that authors receive substantial income from their writing. But if Americans do make such an inference, it can scarcely be based on reliable information. There is little systematic data about the incomes earned by authors from their writing, nor is any more known


A novel angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation method for both azimuth and elevation based on Bayesian inference and statistical state transition probabilities is presented for the dynamic indoor terahertz (THz) channel. A precise AoA estimation is crucial for the deployment of a directive antenna, which can compensate for the high path loss and reduce the intersymbol interference. In many application scenarios, the user equipment is moved by the user during the data transmission, and the AoA is not constant. The novel algorithm exploits the fact that the AoA movement can be represented as a Markov process and that the Bayesian inference can be used to combine the likelihood and a priori information to provide a more precise estimate than using the likelihood alone. An indoor human movement model is developed to generate the realistic application scenario and obtain the statistical transition probabilities. The forward–backward algorithm is implemented to carry out the Bayesian inference. The algorithm performance is illustrated using the channel models generated by a ray launching simulator. The background log-likelihood is suggested to adapt the algorithm to the instant channel state change in a multipath environment.


In countries with liberal policy regimes, the level of income redistribution by the government is extremely low, and individuals are therefore exposed to risk. However, the use of financial products (loans, etc.) to share risk compensates for the deficiencies of the policy regime. Countries with policy regimes that emphasize income redistribution policies experience the problem that a high level of benefits reduces the motivation to find work and lowers the labor supply. Sweden has adopted various measures to resolve these issues, including offering day-care services in order to encourage the entry of women into the workforce. The share of family allowances and unemployment benefits, which tend to suppress employment, is greater in France than in Sweden, and it is possible that they actually suppress employment. As indicated by measures including the Gini coefficient and the relative poverty rate, Japan can be considered deficient in terms of income redistribution by the government. However, Japan's income redistribution system is not in itself inferior to those of Sweden or France. Japan's problem is the high level of administrative discretion involved in the operation of its systems, as can be seen, for example, in the low take-up rate of the social assistance system.


Shunthi (Zingiber officinale), one of the renowned spices all over the world, having a long history of medicinal use for more than 2000 years, belongs to Zingiberacae family. In Ayurveda it is called as Visvabhesaja and Mahausadha due to its utility in vast variety of diseases. Among all those diseases, one is Sutika Makkal. A woman is termed as sutika when she delivers the fetus and the placenta both. If the placenta is not expelled, she can't be called as sutika. Sutika makkal is a condition in which the woman experiences pain in abdomen after the delivery of fetus and placenta. In Ayurveda pain is always thought to be associated with vitiated vata dosha, so shunthi can be very beneficial in this aspect as it pacify vata. Besides this some active components of shunthi like gingerols and shogaols produces its analgesic effect by calcium channel blockade and some by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.


In order to comply with the
recommendations of the new mining code, as well as to
facilitate data acquisition and exchange, and to guarantee the reliability of these data, the Chemical Industries of Senegal
(named ICS) have decided to switch from their local terrestrial
reference system to the Senegalese terrestrial reference system created in 2004
and called RRS04. This move allows ICS to take advantage of new measurement
techniques such as GNSS and a more global
terrestrial reference system. A combination of geodesy with the least
squares method was implemented for the resolution of the problem and the
optimization of the solution. For this purpose, a GNSS observation campaign was carried out on selected points. The raw data
obtained were processed with the Leica Infinity 3.0 software before
being used in our calculations for the estimation of the parameters of this
passage which has many stakes for the ICS. The obtained results were then
presented, applied before being checked and validated.


The proposed semantic query optimization framework employs XML Equivalent Transformation Rules (XET rules) as a primary mechanism to transform given queries into semantically equivalent forms that are more efficient. XET rules are prepared from semantic knowledge of databases represented by XML Integrity Constraints. Their applications in the query transformation process are effectively guided by a two-phase heuristic-based optimization strategy and a condition-part-based control strategy.


Control of fluid flow is an important, and quite underutilized process possessing significant potential benefits ranging from avoidance of separation and stall on aircraft wings and reduction of friction factors in oil and gas pipelines to mitigation of noise from wind turbines. But the Navier–Stokes (N.–S.) equations governing fluid flow consist of a system of time-dependent, multi-dimensional, non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) which cannot be solved in real time using current, or near-term foreseeable, computing hardware. The poor man's Navier–Stokes (PMNS) equations comprise a discrete dynamical system that is algebraic—hence, easily (and rapidly) solved—and yet which retains many (possibly all) of the temporal behaviors of the full (PDE) N.–S. system at specific spatial locations. In this paper we outline derivation of these equations and present a short discussion of their basic properties. We then consider application of these equations to the problem of control by adding a control force. We examine the range of PMNS equation behaviors that can be achieved by changing values of this control force, and, in particular, consider controllability of this (non-linear) system via numerical experiments. Moreover, we observe that the derivation leading to the PMNS equations is very general, and, at least in principle, it can be applied to a wide variety of problems governed by PDEs and (possibly) time-delay ordinary differential equations such as, for example, models of machining processes.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The purpose of this study is to examine how social values are included in elementary school mathematics textbooks according to grade level, learning area and publisher. Illustrative case study method, which is a qualitative research method, was employed in accordance with the purpose of study. In the first part of data collection; the primary school mathematics textbooks that are published on the website www.eba.gov.tr by the Turkish Ministry of National Education which provides electronic documents for teachers were examined. In order to analyze the social values existing in the primary school mathematics textbooks, qualitative data analysis method of descriptive analysis was used. In order to determine the social values to be used, a framework was created from the classifications of social values in the literature. This frame consisted of; love, respect, responsibility, solidarity, tolerance, benevolence, universalism and kindness. In the second part of the data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted to get the opinions of primary school teachers about social values in mathematics education. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed with the content analysis techniques. As a result of the research, the least social value was found at the first grade level, and the other three grades were found to be distributed in a similar way. The most common value in the mathematics text books was found to be love value. The least common value was observed to be tolerance value. In addition, it was observed that most of the social values were included in the "Numbers and Operations" learning domain. On the other hand, classroom teachers stated that social values occur less in mathematics books.


Background: The number of pharmacists in the healthcare sector has been steadily increasing in Saudi Arabia, drawing management attention toward concerning factors influencing pharmacists' motivation and job satisfaction. * Aim: To find out what strongly motivate pharmacists, measure job satisfaction, determine the influencing factors, and to compare it with pharmacy managers' and supervisors' opinion. Methods: Based on Herzberg's two factor motivation theory and Job Characteristic Theory, a constructionist research design in four different hospitals; through mixed theory of quantitative anonymous questionnaire for Managers/ Supervisors and qualitative semi-longitudinal self-completion questionnaire for pharmacists. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 11.5. Results: 71 pharmacists, and 19 managers were enrolled. Majority of participants were young female. Results showed salary, promotion, recognition, and job satisfaction as the most powerful motivator factors. A statistically significant relation between job satisfaction and task significance, autonomy, and managers' feedback.  Manages considered salary, promotion, financial rewards, and vacation as the most important motivator factors. Results confirmed that managers' opinion does not reflect the true motivators' and job satisfaction status at their departments. Conclusion: Managers need to eliminate dissatisfaction determined by the hygiene factors of co-workers' relationship, salary, and job security. Enhance the satisfaction effect related to motivator factors of promotion, recognition, and work itself. It also confirmed previous findings of job satisfaction being a dynamic multi-dimensional phenomenon.


In this review, attention is focussed on the complexity of chilli pigments and their storage stability. The following sections are included: pigments of chillies; isolation and purification of chilli pigments; colour measurement of chillies; colour degradation of chillies; and effect of various factors on the colour retention of chillies (moisture content, temp., light, fat content, antioxidants).


The purpose of this research were to analyze the syntactic structures embedded in TOEFL reading comprehension passage and to assess the achievement of Kasetsart University students both prior to and following their  Undergoing a One-semester TOEFL Course. The author started her research  by analyzing each sentence in the reading comprehension passage that were used as practices questions and in the exam paper that was used as both the pre-test on the basis of core parts of the main clause


Passenger flow at a new high-speed railway station presents significant uncertainty during COVID-19, which brings a huge challenge to the daily management and operation of the station. To detect the future development trend of demand and reduce the impact of its fluctuation on the daily operation of the station, three classical forecast methods are applied to predict the passenger flow in and out of the station during workdays in this paper. Furthermore, the performance of these methods is compared by conducting a case study of Huairou South Station. The results show that the ARIMA model (autoregressive integrated moving average model) shows better performance than the neural network model and Bass model (Bass diffusion model). Finally, a revised ARIMA model is introduced to predict the passenger flow of the National Day.


A global shortage of chefs and cooks currently exists within the hospitality industry, exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Migrant cooks are essential to the culinary industry, yet remain relatively anonymous within the academic literature, a research gap which this original paper seeks to address. Using a phenomenological epistemology, combined with the theoretical framework of hospitality and practice theory, this qualitative research focused on investigating the lived experience of the professional lives and identities of immigrant cooks working in Paris, France, the birthplace of the restaurant. Extant literature was reviewed, and a focus group with migrant cooks explored themes within and missing from the literature, followed by eight in-depth semi-structured interviews with migrant cooks. Thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed two main themes: challenges and attitude. The 'Challenges' theme had two sub-themes: (1) integration and segregation, and (2) human resource issues. The second theme 'Attitude' also had two sub-themes: (1) what it means to be a cook, or 'agency' and (2) gastronomy. The findings should be of interest to hospitality professionals, policy makers, academics, and advocates for migrant workers' rights. We conclude that the hospitality industry should be more hospitable toward its staff – particularly toward migrants. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Foodservice Business Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


Enterobacteriaceae spp. are an important part of agents that cause infection in health care facilities.Due to Importance of monitoring and management of drug resistance in health care facilities, especially for preventing of dissemination of new resistances such as KPC producing enterobacteriaceae, in this study KPC producer Enterobacteriaceae in hospital departments detected and antibiotic resistance pattern of these isolates was determined. Enterobacteriaceae spp. that isolated from hospitalized patients in departments of the Shahid Modarres hospital was identified by routine biochemical tests. Susceptibility testing for these species was performed according tomethod that recommended with CLSI guidelines. For detection of KPC producers the phenotypic method, Modified Hodge Test, was used as CLSI recommendation. From 1000 isolated Enterobacteriaceae spp., 76 (7.6%) isolates were resistant to Ertapenem, 84 (8.4%) isolates were Imipenem resistant and fifteen (1.5%) isolates had positive results on Modified Hodge test. The emergence of KPC producer Enterobacteriaceae and multi drug resistant species in hospitals is a major healthcare challenge and could cause an increase in both mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients.


Many managerial decisions involve consideration of more than one single criterion. Despite the development of multicriteria decision making (MCDM), decision support systems (DSS), and group decision support systems (GDSS) that are aimed at helping decision makers address these complex decisions, there is inadequate success in supporting MCDM. Problems hindering the success of these systems may be due to their undue complexity, over-reliance on quantitative modeling, and failure to accommodate the dynamic learning needs of the people who use them. This study explores the possibility of embedding decision guidance within MCDM GDSS, outlines specific guidelines for the design of such guidance, and demonstrates the potential benefits of enhancing MCDM with guidance for a resource-allocation task. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of decision guidance on learning and decision outcomes. Groups using a MCDM GDSS without decision guidance were compared to groups using the same decision model with embedded decision guidance. All groups performed a resource-allocation task. Overall, the findings suggest that the addition of guidance can bring significant advantages to group learning and consensus, as well as to group members' perceptions about their decision making processes and outcomes.


Provides a summary of state and federal legislation prohibiting employment discrimination. Places particular emphasis on disability discrimination. Outlines to whom the legislation applies, when a charge can be filed and defines reasonable accommodation.


The article analyzes the prospects of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the context of globalization of energy markets. Cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the energy sector is aimed at strengthening of energy security, competitiveness and sustainability, which is a complete condition for economic growth and provision of moving towards a market economy. This cooperation is based on partnership that covers all areas of cooperation in this area, guided by the following principles of coincidence of interest, reciprocity, transparency and predictability; by Energy Charter Treaty of 1994, Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the field of Energy, Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, as well as other bilateral agreements. Therefore, for Ukraine in the implementation of energy independence policy, it is extremely important to integrate its united energy system into the European Transmission System Operators. For this purpose the Program of Activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was adopted by the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada №26-VIII in December 11, 2014. Implementing this document, on June 28, 2017, NPC Ukrenergo together with the system operators, that are part of the ENTSO-E Regional Group "Continental Europe", concluded an "Agreement on the conditions for the future integration of the energy systems of Ukraine and Moldova with the energy system of continental Europe". In September 2019, the so-called Service Contract was concluded between NPC Ukrenergo and the Consortium of System Operators of ENTSO-E. On February 13, 2019, in Brussels, Agreement on participation of NPC Ukrenergo in the European Transmission System Operators Cooperation Program outside the membership for 2019-2021 was concluded. This program creates conditions for exclusive cooperation between ENTSO-E and NPC Ukrenergo. Its goal is to develop a basis for acquiring skills and cardinal practices from the most important issues for NPC Ukrenergo to join ENTSO-E. For the first time since independence, Ukraine has created a significant prospect in a relatively short period of time to take steps to strengthen its energy security and fully integrate with the European energy market. NPC Ukrenergo plays a crucial role in the accession of the UES of Ukraine to ENTSO-E. This process requires all stakeholders to provide opportunities to meet the requirements of the energy system and market participants.


The study of Vasconcellos et al. applied the Tank Model and its distributed version D-Tank to the Araponga river basin in Brazil. Here, soil moisture values were measured and the authors calculated the soil water index (SWI) of D-Tank. The authors correlated the soil moisture measurements with SWI. Afterwards, the SWI was correlated with the Topographical Wetness Index and Heigh Above Nearest Drainage. The authors conclude that SWI is a useful metric to represent soil moisture.


While operators are slow to take up new technology in new fields, they embrace it for its problem-solving capabilities in brownfields. Jennifer Pallanich describes one new technology bringing out results in the Cantarell field.


The dispersion relation for the Parker instability in a self-gravitating, exponential gas layer is derived nd solved explicitly to give the growth time of a perturbation as a function of its dimensions and initial density. Our solution is a general result, expressed in dimensionless form, and valid for arbitrary gas density, magnetic field strength and cosmic ray pressure. Self-gravity is important as an additional driving force for the Parker instability when a dimensionless density, defined here, becomes comparable to the ratios of the magnetic and cosmic ray pressures to the thermal gas pressure. For the observed scale height and sound speed in the interstellar medium, the dimensionless density equals 1.8 times the ambient density in cm/sup -3/. Self-gravity is marginally important for instabilities in the ambient medium. Self-gravity becomes more important than magnetic fields or cosmic rays in regions of higher gas density. For example, in a spiral density wave shock, where the gas density may be 5 cm/sup -3/, the initial growth time of the combined instability is only 12 million years. The instability is dominated by self-gravitational forces at these densities, so this growth time is relatively independent of magnetic field strength and cosmic ray pressure. Cloud formationmore » by this Parker-Jeans instability can be so fast that star formation may occur in a moderately compressed interstellar medium within only 20 million years.« less


The purpose of this paper is to examine export spillover effects from foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) to domestic manufacturing and processing firms in the North of Vietnam. The paper extracted panel data from comprehensive surveys on manufacturing and processing enterprises in the North of Vietnam conducted by the General Statistics Office in 2016-2018 period including 14,664 observations. The two export equations of the Heckman model were estimated simultaneously by the Maximum Likelihood Estimator method (MLE) and used strong standard errors (Robust Standard Errors). The empirical results showed that the presence of FIEs created a spillover effect on Vietnam's decision to export goods. Moreover, the export spillover effect depends on the characteristics of domestic enterprises. Particularly, private enterprises with old ages or owns a high level of capitalization will benefit from export spillover effects.


A parallel strip line of very small size has been designed and fabricated in order to study the susceptibility of hard disk drive heads to electromagnetic noise. The target voltage standing wave ratio and internal-to-external field ratio have been confirmed up to at least 6 GHz. Calibration was conducted by measuring the field across the termination resistors. One example of susceptibility test to hard disk drive is shown.


Convenience stores have recently been a trend place of daily necessities shopping for Indonesians. This condition encourages the growth of convenience store's numbers and business competition. In addition, there has been a research underlining the fact that the performance of convenience stores is actually determined by the efficiency of various product categories. In relation to this, the concept of benchmarking through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the well-known method used to measure company performance. However, DEA method has limitation in handling large amounts of data, but supervised machine learning technique can be used as an alternative method to overcome it. This paper provide an integrated model that applies DEA method and SVM algorithm to measure performance of convenience store by considering the efficiency of various product categories. This study is also based on a real life problem and aims to measure the performance of a local convenience store in Yogyakarta. Furthermore, this study is the first paper that utilizes DEA and SVM algorithm for measuring performance of stand-alone convenience store by considering the efficiency of various product categories. Eventually, the proposed approach has several steps. First step, grouping product categories into the efficient and the inefficient according efficiency score computed by DEA. Second step, using the score as a new feature introduced to the data set to train the SVM model through K-Fold 5 cross validation, then predict the efficiency score based on the test set. The final step, evaluating the number of efficient and inefficient product categories to determine the performance of convenience store. This present research indicates that local convenience store has relatively optimal performance. This is evidenced by the fact that there are only 10 product categories that consistently inefficient, and 5 product categories that generally inefficient during the study period, or around 39.4% of the total 38 product categories, while 23 or around 60.6% other product categories relatively efficient.


The article deals with the questions of forming polyartistic competence of a musical teacher in the course of secondary vocational training. The article determines pedagogical principles and the methods necessary for its formation. The structure of poly-artistic competence of a musical teacher is described.


This invention discloses one object memo and alarm system based on RFID technique, which comprises the following parts: servo, central database, gate way device, RFID label added to object, wherein the gate way device comprises RFID label reader, input device, output device, data process unit, memory, network connection unit and function button unit; the system comprises object information record module, object sort module, preset service module, correction service module, test and alarm service module and temporary portable service module.


: the sacrificial rites of the ancestral temple have been regarded as the highest rites of the country since the Korean period. The instrumental music, songs and dances played in the sacrificial rites of the ancestral temple are the sacrificial rites of the ancestral temple. The evolution of ancestral temple sacrificial music in Korea still remains in the music scores of various times. Dingdaye and dingdaye created in the Shizong period have been changing since they were designated as ancestral temple sacrificial music in the Shizu period. Their evolution process is recorded in the music scores of Shizong record, Shizu record, Da Le Hou spectrum, folk music source spectrum, newly compiled music score of Li Wangzhi Yayue department, Korean music episode 11 baotaiping / dingdaye, and ancestral temple sacrificial music. Through the analysis of music scores recorded in different periods, this paper has an insight into the evolution process of sacrificial rites and music in the ancestral temple.


Anterior pituitary hormone exerts a growth-promoting effect on the euhyaline cartilage of immature guinea pigs and also produces certain degenerative changes in this tissue.1'2 These effects were observed in experiments in which anterior pituitary of cattle was implanted, as well as in those in which injections of acid extract of this gland were given. After the demonstration of this action of anterior pituitary hormone on the skeleton of immature animals, it appeared to be of interest to investigate the response of mature skeletal tissues to the same stimuli and, if possible, to correlate them with the changes which normally take place in these tissues with advancing age, particularly since Loeb and his coworkers 3' 4'-5 have shown that hormones may call forth alterations in the stroma of the thyroid and the mammary glands of guinea pigs and of the vagina and the uterus in mice.


Receptor editing is an important mechanism to modify the Ag specificity of newly developing B cells that are reactive with self-Ags. Previous studies have suggested that late immature B cells, bearing high levels of IgM on their cell surface, are unable to initiate receptor editing and instead are deleted by apoptosis. Using the hen egg lysozyme transgenic system, we show that IgM high late-immature B cells are fully capable of receptor editing to soluble self-Ag. This was demonstrated by the induction of new endogenous light chain locus rearrangements and by a single-cell flow cytometric assay using a recombination-activating gene 2-green fluorescence protein reporter transgene. These studies suggest that the developmental window available for immature B cells to edit their Ig receptors, at least in response to certain soluble Ags, extends through the IgM high late immature B cell stage. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 678–682. (cid:4) , using the follow- ing cycling conditions: 45 s at 94°C, 1 min at 64°C, and 1 min at 72°C for 27 or 30 cycles (18). This RS PCR was designed to detect rearrangements occurring from V (cid:1) regions to a conserved heptamer-nonamer recombina-tion signal sequence found downstream of C (cid:1) and 3 (cid:4) (cid:1) enhancer, resulting in the deletion of all J (cid:1) and C (cid:1) regions (19). PCR products were resolved on 1% agarose gels and transferred onto nitrocellulose blots. Specific bands were detected by Southern hybridization of nitrocellulose blots with radio-labeled internal oligonucleotides and autoradiography.


This paper offers a social semiotic analysis of logotypes used to brand cultural festivals in 21st century Australia. A contemporary method is explored that suits the significant role typography performs within this context and offers a contribution to design research and the festival scape that not only engages with the artefacts of design but with the conceptualization of designed meaning in visual culture. Branding is a vital part of the festival space and relies on typography to establish the symbolic values and representations of urban freedoms; rich histories, cultured places, playfulness and stimulation that seek to subvert our daily existence while performing the task of engaging local, national, and international visitors and participants. However, professional practices demonstrated in the design, media and arts industries have far outpaced the extent to which this phenomenon has been written about in the academic or public realm. This paper addresses this shortfall and offers the foundation for a systemic functional method in the decoding of typography in visual culture


Abstract The name of the second person greeted in Romans 16:7 is given as IOYNIAN, a form whose grammatical gender could be either feminine or masculine which leads to the question: Is it Junia or Junias – a woman or a man – who is greeted alongside Andronicus as "outstanding among the apostles?" This article highlights early influential answers to this question in the history of interpretation (John Chrysostom's commentary, the discipleship list of Pseudo-Epiphanius, Luther's translation, and Calvin's interpretation) showing that societal perceptions of women's roles were a factor in how they interpreted IOYNIAN. The article then summarises the last 150 years of interpretation history which saw (a) the disappearance of Junia from the text and from scholarly discussion due to the impact of the short-from hypothesis in the nineteenth century, (b) the challenge to this male interpretation in connection with second wave feminism, and (c) the restoration of the female reading in the ensuing debate. Bringing together the main lines of the argument, it will be shown that there is only one reading supported by the evidence, the female reading which throughout the centuries was the more difficult reading in light of the church's and society's perception of women's participation.


The experimental work described here is being carried out with the objective of identifying and quantifying key chemical linkages in the coal, coal extract, and process solvent used in a two-stage coal liquefaction process. The successful achievement of this objective will assist in defining the optimum conditions required for the operation of the first stage of the liquefaction process. Two principal investigative methods are being used to attain the above objective. One employs a phenol/BF/sub 3/ depolymerization reaction to rupture methylene bridges in the coal, coal extract, and process solvent to yield solvent-soluble products which can be subsequently identified by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and gas chromatographic methods. The second procedure, the Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of coal and coal-derived materials, provides a measure of the hydroaromatic content of these materials. The information derived from these tasks combined with other data derived from the literature will be analyzed to provide information regarding the structure of the essential materials used in and generated by the liquefaction process. During this reporting period, 3-fluorophenol was substituted for phenol in the depolymerization reaction to provide ''tagged'' reaction products and thus permit a quantitative measurement of phenol uptake. This work was also extended to include the coalmore » extract residue as well as the feed coal, Illinois No. 6, used in the previous experiments. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analyses of the starting materials and reaction products were initiated. Further, fundamental investigations of the dehydrogenation procedure using 9,10-dihydroanthracene as a model compound were also conducted. The rate of gas evolution has been found to provide an apparent measure of the degree of dehydrogenation. 6 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.« less


With a wealth of valuable literature, airports are a topical subject matter on the nexus between transportation technology advancements and land use. While acknowledging the insights of literature, it is argued that improvements are required on the theoretical framework for analyzing spatial economic forces that drive airport-centric developments. The aim of this paper is therefore to contribute towards foundations for a theoretical framework that analyses the driving forces of the airport-centric developments of OR Tambo and Cape Town international airports in South Africa. Informed by the data gathered through 523 telephonic interviews, the paper culminates in a theoretical foundation, in which the cases studied are, among other characteristics, understood to be part of clusters that are of national and international significance. As theoretical building blocks, the paper is based upon the interconnections between the two sets of concepts: space, proximity, firm, scale and pattern; and agglomeration economies, linkages, clustering and propulsive economic qualities.


Abstract: To monitor suspended particles (seston) in the ocean in conjunction with optical properties, we have developed an instrument to sample water with seston in situ at a steady rate for several days. The results of calibration tests and field deployments are described. The major limits on accuracy appear to be set by reactions in the sample bag after collection.


Abstract We explore the strong stratification regime of stably stratified turbulence and the intermediate regime towards the viscosity-affected stratified state. Three-dimensional velocity-density fields from direct numerical simulations are decomposed into internal gravity waves (IGWs) and eddy motion based on Riley's decomposition (Riley et al., AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 76, issue 1, 1981, pp. 79–112) extended to account for the space–time properties of waves, their modification by vertically sheared horizontal flow and the vertical mixing by eddies (Lam et al., Atmosphere, vol. 11, issue 4, 2020, p. 420). We establish the evolution equations for the IGW and eddy parts separately. Up to buoyancy Reynolds number ${Re}_b\sim 1$, we observe a large exchange of energy that pumps energy from the IGW to eddy. For ${Re}_b>1$, the IGW and eddy dynamics seem to be separate and no global exchange is observed. Our decomposition enables computation of the contributions to the mixing coefficient in terms of the IGW and eddy. At the largest ${Re}_b$ considered, the mixing due to eddies is four times that due to waves.


The appearance of internet has meant radical change in allwalks of life, leaving neither librarianship nor information science intact. The number ofinformation sources has grown, along with easier access to information, consequently onlineinformation acquisition has become more popular. Due to its numerous advantages, usersoften look for advice and answers on the web instead of conventional knowledge containers.However, the world of internet is full of dangers. Since there is no control mechanism on theinternet, the reliability of online documents is often questioned. Parallel to this, the process ofinformation acquisition has changed; much depends on individual information seekingbehaviour, as well as its methods and tools. It has become a goal of strategic significance forthe members of any information society to develop a critical approach related to computerliteracy. For the current study a specific criteria system was developed which facilitates theassessment of the reliability of Wikipedia. The choice was Wikipedia because of itspopularity, its encyclopaedic nature and increasing application in the field of education. Thisresearch is expected to help not only Wikipedia users, but will also be a useful aid for bothlibrarians and information professionals, for supporting efficiency in tomorrow'slibrary.


ABSTRACT The problem in this study is whether creativity can be enhanced through educational toys in TK group B Nupabomba Buah Hati? The experiment was conducted in a Child Tk Nupabomba, involving 15 children consisted of 6 boys and 9 girls enrolled in the academic year 2012/2013 . The design of this research study Kemmis and Mc . Taggart consisting of two cycles. Where on each cycle of meetings held three times in the classroom and each cycle consists of four stages: planning, implementation, observation , and reflection. Data were collected through observation techniques, assignments, and then analyzed by descriptive documentation of qualitative and quantitative data . Data collected prior to the action being assessed in the aspect of courage Verry Good 6.66%, Excellent 6.66%, Enough 6.66%, and Less 80%, then the curious aspects of the category Verry Good of 6.66%, 13.33% Excellent , Enough 6.66%, Less 73.33%, and the child's ability to produce unique works of Verry Good category 6.66%, Excellent 6.66%, Enough 13.33%, and Less 73.33%. After the action is taken, the results of this study it can be concluded that through educational toys can enhance the creativity of children, there is an increased ability proved from the first cycle to the second cycle in the aspect of courage is excellent and good categories from 26.66% to 73.32% (46,66%), aspect ungin know very well and good categories from 26.66% to 73.32% (46.66%), producing unique works excellent and good categories from 26.66% to 66.66% (40%). In general, an increase in the average 44.44 % of cycle one to cycle two, although there are still children who have not increased their creativity but only about 13.33 % of the aspects of each category observed with less . Keyword : Childresn's Creativity , Educational Gaming Device


Desferrioxamine (DFO) is a bacterial siderophore with a high affinity for iron, but low cell penetration. As part of our ongoing project focused on DFO-conjugates, we synthesized, purified, characterized and studied new mtDFOs (DFO conjugated to the Mitochondria Penetrating Peptides TAT49-57, 1A, SS02 and SS20) using a succinic linker. These new conjugates retained their strong iron binding ability and antioxidant capacity. They were relatively non toxic to A2780 cells (IC50 40–100 μM) and had good mitochondrial localization (Rr +0.45 –+0.68) as observed when labeled with carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) In general, mtDFO caused only modest levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. DFO-SS02 retained the antioxidant ability of the parent peptide, shown by the inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide formation. None of the compounds displayed cell cycle arrest or enhanced apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that mtDFO could be promising compounds for amelioration of the disease symptoms of iron overload in mitochondria.


It is very relevant in today's competitive world for suppliers to ensure that customer-demanded products are made available. Customers expect to obtain a product that has benefits and are available within an acceptable price and time. It is necessary for companies to optimally use their ability to satisfy customers' specified needs. Researchers and industries are working on developing green supply chain concept in the last few years due to environmental concerns. The objective of this chapter is to propose a three-echelon supply chain model that optimizes economic and environmental objectives simultaneously. The objectives considered are minimizing the total supply chain cost and minimizing CO2 emission of the supply chain network. The proposed model falls into NP-hard category. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the proposed model and illustration is provided to explain the use of the proposed model. A procedure that could be followed to find the best possible solution based on user's choice among the Pareto front solutions is also explained.


Based on the samples from China's security markets of 1203 non-financial listed companies from 2007 to 2010 with fair value accounting information available,this paper examines whether the fair value measurement has value relevance and how the board independence influences the value relevance of the fair value measurement.The results indicate that the fair value measurement has more value relevance than the historic cost measurement,this can be seen more obvious from the items on the profit statement;the board independence has a significant positive effect on the value relevance of fair value measurements.This proves the effectiveness of board independence as a mechanism controlling the fair value information in the context of China's security markets.


The invention discloses a novel robot carbon fiber arm lever designing and manufacturing method. A carbon fiber arm lever is formed by a carbon fiber rod and two titanium alloy connecting pieces, wherein the titanium alloy connecting pieces are adhered to the carbon fiber arm lever by adopting a mode of mixing glue joint and screw connection. In the designing and manufacturing process, contents on the aspects of mechanical property, routing method design, equipotential design, connection process design of the carbon fiber rod and the titanium alloy connecting pieces, accuracy control and the like are mainly considered. The designed and manufactured carbon fiber arm lever has good mechanical property and has an isoelectric level of dozens of milliohms; the joints of a carbon fiber composite material and the titanium alloy connecting pieces have high intensity; and various requirements on the carbon fiber arm lever can be well met.


The tibiotalar joint's unique biomechanics and associated structures carry management implications that vary from those in knee or hip arthritis.


Non-sanitary landfill poses enormous threats to lives. In this study, heavy metals in groundwater and soil of residential areas around Awotan landfill, Ibadan, Southwest-Nigeria were quantified and associated environmental and health risks were assessed within 1-150 m and 151-300 m radii. A total of 20 samples of groundwater and soil each were analysed for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe and Zn using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Pb was above the WHO permissible limit in groundwater while Cd was above the limit only at 1-150 m radius. There was a strong correlation (p ˂ 0.05) between the metals. Except for Zn, levels of all analysed metals in groundwater and soil were proportional to proximity to the landfill as revealed by horizontal ratio (HR ˃ 1). Contamination index of individual metal revealed moderate level of contamination (1 ≤ CF ≤ 3) but pollution load index of all analysed metals in the matrices showed heavy metal pollution (PLI ˃ 1). Generally, geoaccumulation index indicated moderate pollution within 1-150 m radius (0 ˂ IGeo ≤ 2) while IGeo was ≤ 0 within 151-300 m radius (practically unpolluted). Metals were minimally to moderately enrich (0 ˂ EF ˂ 5) in the studied matrices and low ecological risk (PERI ˂ 150) was evaluated in the study area due to the landfill. However, health index calculated for the metals through ingestion and dermal absorptions was ˃ 1 while through inhalation was ˂ 1. Furthermore, children and those living close to the landfill were shown to be at higher risk than adults and those living farther away from the landfill respectively. Awotan landfill poses considerable ecological and health risks. Hence, the landfill should be sanitarily reconstructed while acceptable standards should be enforced in managing it thereafter.


Dynamic Pushdown Networks (DPNs) are an abstract model for concurrent programs with recursive procedures and dynamic process creation. Usually, DPNs are described with an interleaving semantics, where an execution is a sequence of steps. Recently, we introduced a true-concurrency semantics for DPNs, where executions are trees. The standard analysis methods for DPNs are based on a saturation algorithm, that, given a set of configurations, computes the set of all predecessor configurations. In this paper we present an alternative analysis algorithm that is based on tree automata. DPN executions as well as the properties to be analyzed are represented as tree automata, and the analysis is done by standard tree-automata algorithms for intersection and emptiness check.


The challenge is unprecedented Thomas C Schellins Motivation to adapt to climate change Kristina Blennow Competition and getting past the boss Paul Ray Beck Brown Why should we care for future generations? Furio Cerutti Sustainability as generosity R Gerlagh and Herman Vollebersh The 'truth' about convenience and climate change Sarah Hinde, J Dixon and C Banwell From knowledge to action? Either via science as usual or 'just do it'? Peter Moll Towards a theory for ice age: The role of noise and tipping points


The study was performed to simulate thermal insulation and moisture holding measures for the concrete dam of the Laxiwa Hydroelectric Project in high-cold arid regions.The Lijiaxia Hydroelectric Project,which is almost at the same geographic position and under the same natural climate condition as those of the Laxiwa Hydroelectric Project, was selected for simulation and prototype observation of effect of thermal insulation and moisture holding by sprayed painting polyurethane.During the tests,the polyurethane foaming materials of different thickness were sprayed at low temperature,and different technologies,such as adding colors and spraying cement mortar on the surface,were also adopted.Then two months' observation was carried out by use of thermometers and moisture meters pre-buried in polyurethane materials and the data obtained was analysed.The result shows that,as compared with other thermal insulation materials,the polyurethane foaming materials are simple in construction,stable and reliable in performance,and low in cost,and the effect of thermal insulation and moisture holding of the dam by sprayed painting polyurethane under different conditions is satisfactory.


Flow stress curves of stainless 0Cr13 were experimentally studied with a cam plastometer at a constant deformed speed. The effects of the deformed temperature, deformed rate and deformed degree on flow stress were analyzed. At the same time, two non-linear regression mathematical models were proposed. The discrete temperature model fit accurately with the experimental data, and the entire temperature model is useful in the computer control of on-line process.


Complete List of Authors: Wenwen, Sun; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University; Taishan Medical University Liuping, Zhang; Pharmaceutical department, Shanxian Central Hospital; Taishan Medical University Xiaoyan, Lu; Pharmaceutical department, Shanxian Central Hospital Lei, Feng; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University Sun, Shujuan; Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University


Based on bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) amino acid sequence from NCBI database, used bioinformatics methods to analyze structure and function of chicken BMP4, including protein physical and chemical property, signal peptide, domain, Motif, tertiary structure and species evolutionary relations and so on. Results showed that Chicken BMP4 contains signal peptide, TGF- β domain and potential glycosylation, phosphorylation, amidation sites, but not transmembrane region. The amino acid homology between BMP4 mature peptide and template 2h62B is 91.18%. BMP4 homology between species is 90.65%. Above all, Chicken BMP4 contains typical structures of BMPs family, these structures form the basis of the roles of BMP4, involved in the formation of cartilage and bone, the development of primordial follicle, the commitment of stem cells into adipocytes and early embryonic development.


An illustration of the operational usefulness of the SHARP Workstation in providing supplementary guidance to forecasters in a situation in which two tornadoes occurred in California's Sacramento Valley is presented. Use of the SHARP Workstation in analyzing the initial hodograph and in producing a bogus afternoon sounding and hodograph for the Sacramento Valley indicated that buoyancy and shear were in the correct range for moderate to strong mesocyclone-induced tornadoes. Conventional wisdom would have suggested that weak funnel clouds and small hail were the chief threats in this weather pattern. However, forecasters, aware of the role of shear in inducing storm rotation and of the potential for this weather pattern to be associated with favorable buoyancy and shear parameters in certain regions of California, would have been alert to the possibility of damaging and potentially life-threatening tornadoes.


The leader of the hermit becomes a figure that attributes the moral guidance of a charismatic society. Charisma owned can lead to assumptions in the community that the leader of the hermitage able to prosper the people. The mindset that considers money as a source of happiness becomes the fostering aspect of deception. Based on the theory of dialectical materialism it can be assured that fraud takes advantage of spiritual morality with the deceitful tricks that lead to blind loyalty and false consciousness. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the loyalty of students to Dimas Kanjeng, then in loyalty is how much students use logical critical thinking skills towards Dimas Kanjeng words. The research method used in this research is interview, participant observation, and documentation study. This research type is mix method, with primary data is purely Dimas Kanjeng's student, while secondary data obtained from perception of local citizen and radar bromo. The results of the regression analysis show that loyalty has a positive relationship with critical thinking skills, whereas fidelity has a negative relationship with logical thinking.


This work aims to transit to a new narrative that explains the underlying reality mythical exploring philosophical concepts into the organizational culture of the University of Los Andes (ULA). The myth as a meaningful theory is assumed
through the study of a complex view, evolution and relevance of myth. From the
Mythos elements for the construction of an analytical model of organizational
culture that considers the archetypal image of the Greek hero, the symbolism
of Odyssean journey taken through the myth of 'Scylla and Charybdis'. Finally, this model is applied to a myth-interpretation notes and visualize the complex dimensions of the culture of institutional assessment of the ULA, in order to transcend the problems and difficulties inherent in the traditional concept of academic self-regulation.


Running school by laws generally indicates the principles and institutional mechanism that the government administrate the universities by law,and the universities running it self autonomously according to law.It is the objective demand of the university ruling system and the inevitable trend of promoting quality education in universities.It is also an urgent demand for the colleges to adapt themselves to the economic development and meet the needs of lawsuits in the modern society.It is a symbol of university management modernization,and an irreplaceable choice of university managers.


This chapter examines the connection between the strength and development of India's intellectual property regime and the nation's sustained success in the international market for software services, offshore outsourcing and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The regulatory framework for knowledge protection in India has been characterised by a number of key factors that provide both contrast and similarity with China, the country's principal rival to developing nation leadership in Asia. The disparity can help to explain the continuing tensions that can be seen to exist which particularly characterise the Indian dimension, both between the two industries and within pharmaceuticals itself, in the context of the country's IP regime development.Keywords: India; intellectual property; market driven development


Derivative instruments are financial engineering tools. Th ey are linked to underlying financial instruments and are often better suited to manage exposure to risk. A number of tools exist for example for the management of interest rate risks. The optimal choice of a sp ecific instrument depends on a variety of factors. One crucial factor is the client's estimate of inte rest rate developments in comparison to implied forward rates. The goal of the presented project is to develop practical com puter-based tools to assist market participants in assessing rate developments. In the area of int erest rate developments, we will analyze and predict rates using modern nonlinear models, such as multil ayer perceptrons. Unlike other approaches with nonlinear models, this consists of several steps: a mod el-selection step, based on an estimate of mean prediction error, including well known statistical me thods for time series prediction (ARMA); a step to estimate the predictive distribution, and a step to e valuate the predictive distribution in order to establish standard errors and confidence intervals. Predic tive distributions are estimated by less assumptive approaches, i. e., bootstrap methods. Another important aspect is user interaction. We will integ rate assisting tools into existing software at the trade center of the Bankgesellschaft to facilitate it s use. Model selection and estimation is done automatically while parameters depending on the actual ris k management strategy, i. e., the width of confidence intervals or the needed quantile, are chosen by th e user.


Objective To investigate the effects of alanyl glutamine parenteral nutrition injection on nutritional status and immune function in gastrointestinal cancer patients.Methods A total of 84 cases of gastrointestinal cancer patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group and each group included 42 cases.After surgery all patients were given parenteral nutrition therapy with same calorie(98.0 kJ·kg-1·d-1) and nitrogen(0.25 g·kg-1·d-1) for 1-7 days.The patients in the experimental group were additionally used the alanyl-glutamine injection 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1.The serum albumin,serum precursor protein,the cells and humoral immunity and nitrogen balance changes before operation and after operation 2 days and 7 days were observed and analyzed.Results Two groups of patients with serum albumin,prealbumin on second postoperative day were significantly decreased compared with preoperative data(P0.01).On the 7th postoperative day the serum albumin and prealbumin in both groups were raised,but the control group rebounded slower than experimental group(P0.05).The cellular immune indicators and humoral immunity of patients had declined.The value of IgG in control group in the 7th postoperative day was lower than the preoperative(P0.05),and the other indicators were recovered to the preoperative.The values of IgA and IgG in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(P0.05).The nitrogen balance of the experimental group was better than the control group after operation 7 days(P0.01).Conclusion Parenteral nutrition therapy plusing alanyl-glutamine injection can be effective in improving the body's nutritional and immune status,thus contributing to the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the neuromuscular system resulting in paralysis and ultimately death. Currently, no effective therapy is prescribed for patients; however, several therapeutic strategies are showing promise. Either exercise or treatment with adeno‐associated virus/insulin‐like growth factor–1 alone has therapeutic benefits in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mouse model. We show here that activity duration affects the therapeutic benefit associated with exercise, with 6‐ and 12‐hour exposure to a running wheel providing significant motor function benefits and increased survival. Remarkably, a combination of insulin‐like growth factor–1 gene delivery and exercise has profound effects on survival and function, indicative of synergistic effects with exercise and insulin‐like growth factor–1. Our results indicate that a drug treatment in combination with appropriate exercise may provide the most promising therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to date. Ann Neurol 2005


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MPV regimen in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma(MM).Methods 18 patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma were treated with 4 cycles of MPV regimen.The serum myeloma protein,liver and renal function,protein-uria of 24-hours,bone marrow and peripheral blood were analyzed.Results 7 cases achieved complete response(CR),and 8 cases got partial response(PR),with an overall response rate of 83.33%.Conclusion It is a good choice to treat relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma by MPV regimen.


This Supplement is based upon the proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of the European Progestin Club; in addition, G. M. C. Rosano and his research team have joined as guest authors. A broad spectrum of possible indications for the clinical use of progestins is discussed. The guest paper by Rosano and co-workers has utmost actuality because of the recent statements of the American Heart Association regarding the value of sex hormones in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The presented data indicate that the cardiovascular effects of progestins, in addition to estrogen replacement therapy, may be different depending on the type, dose and route of administration of the progestins. An exciting aspect of the role of progesterone is shown by the data of Huber and co-workers. The immunological properties of progesterone are demonstrated in the vaginal epithelium. Furthermore, skin aging seems to be influenced by progesterone and a possible effect on the pathogenesis of heart failure seems to exist. Another target for the clinical use of progestins is endometriosis. So far, it appears that different progestins have effects on endometriotic lesions. However, more detailed studies are necessary to improve their clinical use. The wide range of clinical applications of progestins is shown in patients with endometrial cancer. This includes, on the one hand, the organ-preserving possibility of progestins in young women with well-differentiated endometrial cancer and the desire to preserve reproductive potential and, on the other hand, the medical treatment of endometrial cancer metastases. Interesting, but in part controversial, data have been published regarding progestins and the breast. With a clinical prospective randomized study, the beneficial effects of progestins in patients with mastodynia and fibrocystic breast disease have been demonstrated. But also in vitro studies show the action of different progestins on the enzyme activities of breast cancer cells. Controversial data exist regarding the addition of progestins to estrogen hormone replacement therapy. The available data are reviewed. Since the role of progestins in leiomyomata of the uterus is unclear, studies are of interest which add to the knowledge of leiomyoma response to endocrine changes. Data on estrogen and progestin receptors in leiomyoma and myometrium under estrogen suppression with GnRH analogs are presented. Finally, immune modulatory properties of progestins and estrogens are also reviewed. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001;15(Suppl 6):7


Situated at the junction of land and sea,tidal flat is very sensitive to typhoon event and anthropogenic influence.In order to reveal the histories of regional typhoon events and strong anthropogenic influences,two sediment cores were collected in inner Spartina alterniflora marsh and middle-upper intertidal flat in the Luoyuan Bay for sedimentary records extraction.The sediment cores were cut with 1 cm interval for grain size and radio isotope dating.The results of grain size analysis indicate that the sediment on tidal flat of Luoyuan Bay is mainly composed by fine fractions.The mean grain sizes of core sediments in inner Spartina alterniflora marsh and middle-upper intertidal flat are 5.41 μm~45.00 μm and 5.4 μm~68.82 μm,respectively;however,there are several interfaces where sediment characteristics vary obviously.The mean sedimentation rates in inner Spartina alterniflora marsh and middle-upper intertidal flat calculated from 210Pb are 1.96 cm/a and 1.23 cm/a,respectively.However,the mean sedimentation rates increased from 0.56 cm/a during 1909~1946 to 2.36 cm/a during 1946~1966 at upper intertidal flat due to strong reclamations,and the introduction of Spartina alterniflora led to the mean sedimentation rate increased to 5.10 cm/a during the early marsh formation,and with increasing of the marsh age,the mean sedimentation rate decreased to 2.83 cm/a.The sedimentary records of core sediments collected from inner Spartina alterniflora marsh and middle-upper intertidal flat not only recorded the typhoon events which brought the strong effects on the Luoyuan Bay in recent 170 years,and but also recorded the several large scale reclamation from 1950's.


The isolation and structural determination of the new alkaloid dielsine (3), which belongs to the small group of repanduline-type bases, are described.


Robot audition systems are expected to support a variety of civilian and rescue applications in hazardous situations. Sensed data can only be interpreted meaningfully when referenced to the location of the sensor, making localization an important area of research. In this paper, we have developed sound source localization system for our Fire Bird VI robot. Localization algorithms like cross correlation (CC), phase transform (PHAT) and maximum-likelihood (ML) are explored to find the direction of arrival (DOA) by estimating the time delay of arrival (TDOA) from the received signals of linear array microphones of Kinect sensor. The sound signals comprising of different sample pings and pause durations ranging from 3 ms to 3 s durations, frequencies varying from 100 Hz to 5 kHz are tested using different microphone pairs of Kinect in different azimuths (DOA) ranging from 0° to 180° across different distances like 1 m, 1.5 m and 2 m. The performance of localization algorithms is evaluated by computing the error between estimated DOA and actual DOA. It is found that PHAT algorithm outperformed others, however some errors are obtained due to inherent reverberation affects may have caused by room. The authors also present practical limitations which result in errors for different azimuths based on distance between microphone pairs and sampling frequency of signals.


REFERENCES 1. Kendall B. Book Reviews: Radiology of the Eye and Orbit (Modern Neuroradiology Vol 4). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991;54:480. 2. Kupersmith MJ. Radiology of the Eye and Orbit (Modern Neuroradiology, Vol. 4). Neurology. 1991;41:334. 3. Smith G. Invited Review: Schematic eyes: history, description and applications. Clin Exp Optom. 2009;78:176–189. 4. Pierro L, Brancato R, Robino X, et al. Axial length in patients with diabetes. Retina. 1999; 19:401–404. 5. Wang XJ, Bao YZ. Correlation between axial length and corneal curvature and spherical aberration [in Chinease]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017;53:255–259. 6. Yebra-Pimentel E, González-Méijome JM, García-Resúa C, et al. The relationships between ocular optical components and implications in the process of emmetropization [in Spanish]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2008;83: 307–316. 7. Sharma R, Maharajan P, Kotta S, et al. Prediction of refractive outcome after cataract surgery using partial coherence interferometry: comparison of SRK/T and Haigis formulae. Int Ophthalmol. 2014;34:451–455. 8. Coroneo M. Ultraviolet radiation and the anterior eye. Eye Contact Lens. 2011;37: 214–224. 9. Wu PC, Tsai CL, Wu HL, et al. Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1080–1085. 10. Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, et al. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3524–3532. 11. He M, Xiang F, Zeng Y, et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314:1142–1148. 12. McKnight CM, Sherwin JC, Yazar S, et al. Pterygium and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence in young Australian adults: the Raine study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;43:300–307. 13. McKnight CM, Sherwin JC, Yazar S, et al. Myopia in young adults is inversely related to an objective marker of ocular sun exposure: the Western Australian Raine cohort study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158:1079–1085. 14. Sherwin JC, Hewitt AW, Coroneo MT, et al. The association between time spent outdoors and myopia using a novel biomarker of outdoor light exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:4363–4370. 15. Sherwin JC, Hewitt AW, Kearns LS, et al. The association between pterygium and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence: the Norfolk Island Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 2013;91:363–370.


In this paper a cursory overview is given of the history of special editions and the current stand of editing in the field of Afrikaans literature. I then discuss my own contribution in this regard, with reference to the editions of Leipoldt's and Krige's collected poems, the manuscript of Opperman's epic poem Joernaal van Jorik and his unfinished Sonklong oor Afrika. In conclusion I discuss the contents of the course in editing techniques and manuscriptology which I have presented at the University of Stellenbosch since 2003.


Injecting drug users (IDU) (n = 144), street outreach (n = 55), and treatment program (n = 71) staff and managers in stakeholder government agencies (n = 11) cited or mentioned many barriers to enrolling in substance abuse treatment (AOD), using varied assessment instruments (1). Here, we aimed to investigate a possible overemphasis on individual client factors (e.g., "readiness," denial) as barriers to enrollment and the relative importance of other kinds of barriers, e.g., limitations using a four-category classification of: individual client factors (IC), treatment accessibility (TAX), treatment availability (AVL), and (lack of) client acceptability (CA), reflecting stigmatization of IDUs. TAX responses predominated for outreach staff (51%), government managers (39%), and barriers implied by client suggestions (52%). IC (60%) followed by TAX (36%) factors characterized barriers clients generated directly. The IC factor thus appears overrepresented among IDUs and TAX is important for all groups suggesting a greater focus on access may be more cost-effective than on individual treatment motivation interventions.


A method of HPLC for the determination of preservatives,including benzoic acid,sorbic acid and ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate,in additive liquor for tobacco was proposed.The sample was dissolved with 10 g·L-1 HOAc solution,and purified by solid phase extraction with Waters Sep-Pak-C18 column.Three kinds of preservatives were separated on the ZORBAX Stable Bound chromatographic column with a mixture of 2.0 g·L-1 phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(20+80) as mobile phase,and determined with the photodiode array detector at 250 nm.Baseline separation of benzoic acid,sorbic acid and ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate was attained within 2.5 min.Values of recovery and RSD′s(n=7) were in the ranges of 88.0%-101.0% and 3.1%-3.6% respectively.


It is admissible that most of the plasma literature is concerned with the plasma instabilities and the inevitable plasma waves, which remain standard obstacles to the thermonuclear fusion process. Many experimental data on the plasma waves (growth or damping) and their accompanied theoretical interpretations have been published during the last five decades; lots of them have been identified and justified as well, some not yet. Among them our previous research on the plasma waves is included, which originates in the early 80's at the Plasma Physics Laboratory of the NCSR '' Demokritos''. As the wave rising is defined by the growth rate (or the damping on the extinguishment), these important wavy quantities have been studied in detail in the present paper. Three examples have been used from our previous theoretical results, and the first observation reveals that the involved quantities are complicated enough to be studied themselves. So, the use of suitable approaching models, which may interpret the experimental wavy quantities, is the central idea of the present attempt. Furthermore, calculations with a little change of the initial conditions have been repeated, to determine that the plasma behaves as a chaotic medium.


A portion of a female hookworm identified as a species of Ancylostoma was recovered from the vitreous of a patient in Sri Lanka. The worm was dead with a cellular tissue reaction around the anterior part of the body. The internal structure of the worm, which was severed at the anterior end, was not clearly discernible but the characteristic mucron at the tip of the tail confirmed that it is an Ancylostoma sp. In the absence of the mouth end it is not possible to clearly identify it to the species, but it is believed to be A tubaeforme based on its width, short tail, thicker cuticle, and the space between transverse striations. The probable mode of infection of the patient is discussed. The patient had scanty hookworm ova in his stools but only a single female Necator americanus was recovered after treatment with anthelmintics. An incidental observation of some significance was the finding of zoonotic Ancylostoma ova in the patient's son's stools, which needs further investigation.


The key to making use of TCAD in industry is matching available capabilities to specific applications to multiply information from available experimental wafers. The art of using such partial capabilities is the focus of this paper. The following sections will describe applications of TCAD in four areas: technology selection, process optimization, process control, and design optimization.


folklore and culture on the texas mexican border is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the folklore and culture on the texas mexican border is universally compatible with any devices to read.


A mutant Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lacking myristoyl fatty acid markedly stimulates the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) without inducing tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production by human monocytes (Tian et al., 1998, Am J Physiol 275:C740.), suggesting that induction of MnSOD and TNFα by LPS are regulated through different signal transduction pathways. The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in the LPS‐induced TNFα production. In the current study, we determined the effects of PTK inhibitors, genistein and herbimycin A, on the induction of MnSOD and TNFα in human monocytes. Genistein (10 μg/ml) and herbimycin A (1 μg/ml) markedly inhibited LPS‐induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of MAPK (p42 ERK, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase), and increases in the steady state level of TNFα mRNA as well as TNFα production. In contrast, at similar concentrations, genistein and herbimycin A had no effect on the LPS‐induced activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and induction of MnSOD (mRNA and enzyme activity) in human monocytes. In addition, inhibition of NFκB activation by gliotoxin and pyrrodiline dithiocarbamate, inhibited LPS induction of TNFα and MnSOD mRNAs. These results suggest that (1) while PTK and MAPK are essential for the production of TNFα, they are not necessary for the induction of MnSOD by LPS, and (2) while activation of NFκB alone is insufficient for the induction of TNFα mRNA by LPS, it is necessary for the induction of TNFα as well as MnSOD mRNAs. J. Cell. Physiol. 182:381–389, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract Callus and suspension cultures of Linum campanulatum. L. and Linum setaceum. Brot. (Linaceae) were established to study accumulation of lignans. Justicidin B proved to be the main constituent in the callus and suspension cultures of Linum campanulatum. L. Phytochemical analysis of cell cultures of Linum setaceum. Brot. has demonstrated that callus produces yatein, desoxypodophyllotoxin, and β.-peltatin, whereas the suspension cultures contain yatein, desoxypodophyllotoxin, β.-peltatin, and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin.


The present study evaluated how well boundaries predicted by nine rules, each of them relying on one particular musical cue, can predict perceptual boundaries. The rules were taken from two models: the local boundary detection model (LBDM) by Cambouropoulos (2001) and the generative theory of tonal music (GTTM) by Lerdahl and Jackendoff (1983) in the form quantified by Frankland and Cohen (2004). Furthermore we added the cue timbre change. The predicted boundary profiles from each rule were correlated with perceptual boundary profiles of six songs obtained in a previous study (Bruderer, McKinney, & Kohlrausch, 2009). The individual rule having the highest correlation with the perceptual boundaries was the LBDM-onset. The optimal combination of three rules results in the combination of LBDM-onset, GTTM-rest, and timbre change, yielding a physical correlation of 0.80 to 0.89 between perceptual and model boundary profiles. Analysis of the perceptual cues given for salient boundaries not predicted by the model suggests that incorporating tempo change and harmonic progression could improve the model predictions. The optimal rule combination for segmentation profiles of polyphonic versions of the same songs as obtained in Bruderer, McKinney, and Kohlrausch (2010) was the combination of the LBDM-onset, timbre change, and the start of a rest.Keywords: segmentation, cues, popular musicSupplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026872.supp(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)Listening to music comprises not only the aesthetic experience but also the interpretation of the musical form. Based on the structure of this form, the listener is able to segment a musical piece into smaller parts. The segmentation process has been studied perceptually (e.g., Deliege, 1987; Clarke & Krumhansl, 1990; Krumhansl, 1996; Lar- tillot & Ayari, 2008; Nooijer, Wiering, Volk, & Tabachneck-Schijf, 2008; Pearce, Mullensiefen, & Wiggins, 2008; Lartillot & Ayari, 2009) as well as musicologically (Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983) and different types of cues have been identified that convey the structure of music, including change in note duration, breaks, and change in pitch. Some of these cues have been incorporated into musicological models for music segmentation (e.g., Tenney & Polansky, 1980; Cambouropoulos, 2001; Temperley, 2001; Bod, 2002; Ferrand, 2004; Frankland & Cohen, 2004). However, it is not yet clear how well these models are also able to predict boundaries in pieces with a duration of several minutes or those taken from musical genres other than classical music.Several studies tested automatic segmentation algorithms for their correlation with perceptually annotated data. For example, Cambou- ropoulos (2001) tested his model on a set of 52 melodies, for which musicians had manually marked preferred punctuation positions on a musical score. Thom, Spevak, and Hothker (2002) tested the perfor- mance of two algorithms on the Essen folk song collection (Schaf- frath, 1995), which contains segmentation boundaries added by mu- sicologists. They also asked 19 musicians to indicate "salient melodic chunks" of10 musical excerpts by placing a mark in the musical score above the first note of the chunk. The indicated boundaries, thus, rather represent where experts think a boundary should occur, instead of where they are actually perceived.The goal of the present study was to compare the boundaries predicted by cues taken from musicological models with perceptual boundary profiles obtained in our previous perceptual studies (Brud- erer, McKinney, & Kohlrausch, 2009, 2010). In these studies, we executed several perceptual experiments to better understand how participants segment popular music pieces. In a first experiment, about 20 participants were asked to indicate segment boundaries while listening to the playback of the song. From the boundary indications of all participants about 10 boundaries were selected for each song (see Bruderer et al. …


Process for making a frozen microwaveable comprising mixing water, flour, yeast and salt, kneading and fermenting muffin. Then cut into pieces, add sesame and baked in oven. Subsequently, once cooled, packaged in a special packaging for microwave, frozen and packaged. # For consumption, muffin thaws.


In order to improve MOPSO's convergence and diversity of solutions in Pareto optimal front,several improvement methods are proposed.Firstly the selection of global best particle is based on exclusively on Pareto Dominance concepts,secondly a finite archive based on dynamic crowding distance is set to maintain the Pareto optimal solutions found so far,and lastly the introduction of genetic ope-ration on the elitists and the elimination rule of particles with self-adaptive probability can enhance the evolution of the elitists and the par-ticle swarm.The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm have better performance of the convergence and diversity.


Characteristic of ecological damages and basic aspects of water schedule change by open-pit mining is given. Basic sources of pollution and contamination of Water Pond by mining enterprises is analyzed. Activity system for prevention and decreasing of environment pollution level is elaborated.


This paper presents an efficiency argument that contributes to understand why corporate governance structures with a dominant shareholder are so prevalent in so many countries around the world. In an environment where outsiders cannot accurately monitor the performance of transactions made between firms and stakeholders, the existence of a controlling shareholder who is an insider to the firm's management allows for efficient contracting with stakeholders. Firms controlled by outside shareholders cannot sustain relationships with stakeholders, because managers of such firms have an incentive to falsely claim that transactions with stakeholders have produced an outcome that is unfavorable to the firm, and misappropriate the cash flows associated with the true outcome. To avoid being expropriated, in response to the announcement of an unfavorable outcome, the controlling party will fire the manager and it will refuse to make good on costly obligations toward the stakeholder. However, because outsiders cannot observe the transaction's true outcome, punitive actions by outside shareholders will occur even when the manager truthfully reports an unfavorable outcome. Since these misguided disciplinary actions reduce the ex-ante value of transactions to stakeholders, stakeholders only accept doing business with firms controlled by outside investors if the frequency of misguided disciplinary actions is not too high. Thus, where outside shareholders cannot target accurately disciplinary actions to opportunistic managers, insider control is required for efficient contracting with stakeholders. This efficiency benefit of insider control should be taken into account if one wants to explain the prevalence of firms featuring dominant shareholders with a hands-on approach to their firms' management.


Near-field fluorescence microscopy combines nanometer resolution with the ability to conduct optical measurements with high sensitivity. To illustrate the potential of the near-field technique, we summarize recent results from our laboratory which include the fluorescence imaging of single dye molecules and single proteins and picosecond fluorescent lifetime measurements on intact photosynthetic membranes, all done at room temperature with nanometric spatial resolution.


We show that any abelian variety that is not affine has a nontrivial strongly abelian subvariety. In later papers in this sequence we apply this result to the study of minimal abelian varieties.


Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) interferes with liver regeneration upon acute injury, while promoting fibrosis upon carbon tetrachloride‐induced chronic injury. We have now addressed the role of BMP9 in 3,5 diethoxicarbonyl‐1,4 dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐induced cholestatic liver injury, a model of liver regeneration mediated by hepatic progenitor cell (known as oval cell), exemplified as ductular reaction and oval cell expansion.


Morphology of Myxobolus representatives parasitic on the fins and various internal organs of eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.) originating from the Szczecin Lagoon and the Odra River estu ary area (Poland) was studied. The sporozoans were found to represent a single species identified as M portucalensis Saraiva & Molnar, 1990. The infection parameters were de termined for the respective organs. The species studied have not been previously reported from the internal organs of the eel and the present record is the first from Poland.