This report extends an earlier characterization of long-duration and short-duration energy storage technologies to include life-cycle cost analysis. Energy storage technologies were examined for three application categories--bulk energy storage, distributed generation, and power quality--with significant variations in discharge time and storage capacity. More than 20 different technologies were considered and figures of merit were investigated including capital cost, operation and maintenance, efficiency, parasitic losses, and replacement costs. Results are presented in terms of levelized annual cost, $/kW-yr. The cost of delivered energy, cents/kWh, is also presented for some cases. The major study variable was the duration of storage available for discharge.


Objective : To study the association between antenatal care and low birth weight newborn. Material and Method :C ase control study, There were 2312 pregnant women who delivered at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital during January 1 to July 31, 2011. Study group was 168 pregnant women who delivered newborn whose body weight less than 2500 grams and control group was 168 pregnant women who delivered newborn which birth weight 2500 to 4000 grams selected by systematic random sampling. Multifetal pregnancy, still birth and newborn with severe congenital anomaly incompatible with life were excluded from this study. Results : Antenatal care equal or greater than 4 visits was not correlated with low birth weight newborn (OR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.72–2.10). Good antenatal care was the protective factor of low birth weight newborn (OR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.05–3.45). Other protective factors of low birth weight newborn were body weight before pregnancy greater than 45 kilograms (OR 2.80, 95 % CI 1.29 – 6.09), total weight gain during pregnancy equal or greater than 10 kilograms (OR 2.88, 95 % CI 1.28 - 6.48). Risk factor of low birth weight was obstetric complication (OR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.03-0.23). Conclusion : Antenatal care equal or greater than 4 visits was not the protective factor for low birth weight newborn. But good antenatal care was the protective factor of low birth weight newborn.


The planar microfluidic devices for producing double emulsions are beneficial in terms of accuracy and facility in fabrication. However, factors such as the flow rates, interfacial tensions, viscosities, channel geometry, and wettability of the devices affect the stability of the double emulsion production. In this study, we have focused on double emulsion production in a planar flow focusing device with triangle-shaped orifices. The local velocity in the channel can be controlled by modifying the channel design. Here, we have used two types of microfluidic devices with orifices and junctions of different shapes, denoted as mc-A and mc-B. By controlling the orifice angles and the width of the junctions, the stable flow regimes characterized in a capillary number space were expanded, and the production efficiency was increased. The effects of interfacial tensions of the sample solutions on the stability of double emulsion production were also examined. The double emulsions produced under stable conditions were highly uniform, and the diameter of the produced emulsions was well defined by the capillary numbers. However, the diameter of the double emulsions was mainly affected by the size of the orifice.


We consider the task of computing solutions of linear systems that only differ by a shift with the identity matrix as well as linear systems with several different right hand sides. In the past Krylov subspace methods have been developed which exploit either the need for solutions to multiple right hand sides (e.g. deflation type methods and block methods) or multiple shifts (e.g. shifted CG) with some success. In this paper we present a block Krylov subspace method which, based on a block Lanczos process, exploits both features - shifts and multiple right hand sides - at once. Such situations arise, for example, in lattice QCD simulations within the Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. We give numerical evidence that our method is superior to applying other iterative methods to each of the systems individually as well as, in some cases, to shifted or block Krylov subspace methods.


Polyaniline (PANI)-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by direct intercalation of aniline molecules into MMT galleries, followed by in situ polymerization within the nano-interlamellar spaces under solvent-free conditions. The basal spacing of aniline-intercalated MMT increased gradually up to 1.5 nm with increasing amounts of aniline loaded. This result suggests that aniline molecules were adsorbed by MMT clay and that intercalated aniline likely located perpendicular to the silicate sheets. After polymerization, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of PANI chains between the MMT nano-interlayers. The scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the surface morphologies of PANI–MMTs were strongly different depending on the PANI content. The electrical conductivities of PANI nanocomposite particles in pressed pellets ranged in the order of between 10−3 and 10−2 S/cm. UV–vis spectroscopy and doping level measurement were further used to discuss the conductivities of nanocomposites. The thermal stabilities of PANI–MMT nanocomposites were examined by using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis and derivative thermogravimetric analysis, and both analyses consequently demonstrated the improved thermal stabilities of the PANI chains in the nanocomposites as compared to pure PANI. The thermal stabilities of resulting nanocomposites were strongly related to the PANI content, which increased as the PANI content decreased in the nanocomposites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2705–2714, 2005


Diborylated compounds are obtained by means of CpCo-mediated cocyclization of alkynyl(pinacol)boronic esters to alkenes followed by oxidative demetalation (see scheme). This strategy for the rapid and efficient construction of highly functionalized 1,3-cyclohexadienes and arenes is compatible with various substrates.


The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) cleared the proposed takeover of Heatherwood and Wexham Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust by Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in May 2014.…


AIM
Dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON) continues to be a significant occupational hazard that has significant medical and social consequences for professional divers. This review aims to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of DON among professional divers and to summarize the scientific knowledge regarding distribution of the lesions as well as disease prognosis and treatment.

METHOD
A literature review using the Medline database.

RESULTS
The prevalence of DON varies between 0 and 70.6% in professional divers, and its prevalence is highest in Turkey, Hawaii, Korea and Japan but is dependent on activity and medical monitoring. The risk of DON is very low for military divers who strictly obey the decompression rules and who undergo periodic medical examination. DON pre- dominately occurs in the proximal part of the femur and humerus. In a majority of cases, DON will progress despite the absence of further dysbaric exposure.

CONCLUSION
The pathophysiology of the disease is incompletely understood and other etiological factors are perhaps being overlooked.


Three‐dimensional single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging allows noninvasive measurement of human postprandial gastric accommodation. The aim of this study was to determine whether 99mTCO4‐SPECT demonstrates effects on pre‐ and postprandial gastric volumes of intravenous (i.v.) erythromycin lactobionate and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, as predicted from previous literature. Twenty volunteers received no medication (controls), while 12 were randomized to either i.v. erythromycin 2 mg kg−1 over 20 min, or 10 mg sublingual isosorbide. After a 10‐min preprandial SPECT measurement, a standard 300‐mL, 300‐kcal liquid meal was ingested, followed by a 20‐min postprandial measurement. Gastric images were reconstructed from transaxial images and total volume was measured using the Analyseð software system. Fasting gastric volume was greater with isosorbide [223 ± 14 (SE) mL vs. 174 ± 9 mL, control; P < 0.05], and postprandial volume was lower with erythromycin [393 ± 27 mL vs. 582 ± 17 mL, control; P < 0.05]. The ratio of postprandial over fasting volume and mean difference between pre‐ and postprandial volumes were significantly lower in both drug groups compared to controls. We conclude that 99mTCO4‐SPECT imaging is able to semiquantitatively demonstrate pharmacological modulation of fasting gastric volume and postprandial accommodation in humans.


A new feature extraction method is presented in this paper. It is modification to our previous work where we have extracted Multidimentional local features (MDLF). We name the new feature as Multi-Directional Local Feature with moving average(MDLF-Mavg). MDLF-Mavg is based on three-point linear regression and three point moving average. Linear regression is applied on horizontal (time axis) that captures phoneme onset and offset and vertical (frequency axis) which capture formant contours whereas modified moving average is applied on (45 degree) time-frequency axis and (135 degree) time-frequency axis which capture the voiceprint of speaker. The MDLF-Mavg performance is compared to other speech features in a speaker recognition system. MDLF-Mavg has shown better performance than the other features. In the case of the female only part of the database it achieved 100% recognition rate. We will show that MDLF-Mavg produce what can be looked at as a voice print for each speaker when vocalizing a certain text.


Using his knowledge as former assistant to Allende's economic advisor, Edward Boorstein analyzes the economic and political elements of the rise and fall of Salvador Allende and the Popular Unity (UP) government of Chile. The history of Chile before Allende's inauguration is also discussed. Key to his discussion is the theme of the problems of running a working-class backed government which is without total state power and is saddled with the tasks of managing a capitalist economy. Thus the Chilean hyperinflation is seen as the result of the refusal of the Chris-


The invention provides a method of eliminating influence of a carrier magnetizing field on geomagnetic measurement. The method is characterized in that two magnetic sensor linear arrays are carried on a carrier, a non-magnetic anomaly point A with a mild magnetic field change is selected within the scope of a space to be measured, a geomagnetic total field of the point A is measured under the carrier-free condition by utilizing an independent magnetic sensor, the carrier carried with the two magnetic sensor linear arrays is placed on the point A, a geometric center of the linear array is taken as an axis, the carrier is slowly rotated at a constant speed for one circle, a geomagnetic field value and the corresponding rotating angle are respectively continuously measured by the two magnetic sensors, the corresponding function curve of a difference and an angle is made, the geomagnetic total field on the point is subtracted by the magnetic field value of the linear array magnetic sensor, and the actual measurement geomagnetic field in the whole space to be measured is used for compensating the influence of the carrier magnetizing magnetic field. According to the invention, the linear array is formed by the two magnetic sensors, and a demagnetization method and a demagnetization algorithm of the rotating linear array are provided for complicated influence of the carrier on the magnetic measurement, so that the influence of the carrier on geomagnetic measurement is completed eliminated.


Signet ring cell carcinoma of lung is an unique variant of mucin producing adenocarcinoma which is characterized by abundant intracellular mucin accumulation. Only a few cases of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung have been reported in the world wide literature. And we have, recent ly experienced one case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung. A 55 years old man was evaluated for paralysis of lower extremities and was found to have lung cancer in the left upper and lower lobe with pleural, multiple spinal, bone and liver metastases. Signet ring tumor cells were revealed by cytologic examination of pleural fluids. And there were no evidence of signet ring cell carcinoma of other organs. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung seems to have an aggressive behavior and therapeutic modalities could be different from those for signet ring cell carcinomas from other organs. Therefore it is important to separate primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of lung from metastatic tumors. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2004; 57:594-598)


Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy began in 1943. Few other treatment methods in medicine have been the subject of as many basic animal and human studies performed to define physiological effects, safety, and physiological bases for clinical applications. The first systematic studies to define the physiological effects of HBO on humans were conducted at Harvard in the early 1930s [ 1 The first clinical use of HBO was by the United States Navy.


Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are a group of diseases defined by aberrant lymphocyte proliferation leading to monoclonal lymphocytosiss; the buildup is caused by a lack of apoptosis rather than acute proliferation . ''APRIL''[a proliferation inducing ligand]and ''BAFF'' [B-cell activating factor] are two related members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that play critical roles in proper B cell survival, differentiation, and death. These molecules and theire receptors Bcell maturation antigen (BCMA) and Trans membrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor(TACI) are able to protect leukemic cells against spontaneous and drug-causing apoptosis via autocrine and paracrine pathway. The purpose of the research.To evaluate the level of B cell activating factors [APRIL BAFF] and their receptors [TACIBCMA] in serum of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) and Correlation of these factors and its receptors levels with other prognostic parameters . Subjects and Methods: Fifty four patients with lymphoproliferative disorders [ thirty five cases with chronic lymphocyticleukemia and nineteen cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ] and 41 included age and sex-matched healthy controls for the evaluation of serum BAFF,TACI, APRIL and BCMA by'' ELISA'' Enzyme Linked ImmunosorbentAssay. Results: Serum TACI,BAFF and BCMA levels were substantially lower in LPD patients than in healthy controls, but serum APRIL levels were significantly greater. BAFF was shown to be strongly linked to peripheralblood lymphocyte count, CD38, ZAP70, B2M, and advanced stages of RAI staging. The amount of APRIL in the blood was shown to be linked to CD38expression, Zap70, and advanced clinical stage. TACI serum level was significantly correlated with WBCs and advanced clinical stage. BCMA serum level was significantly direct correlated with BAFF and TACI while invers correlation with WBCs and APRIL. Conclusion: Our findings show that combining serum BAFF and APRIL levels is a valid predictor of B-LPD advancement, emphasizing the significance of identifying individuals with a higher risk of progression.


Dynamic Spectrum Access is a key capability of Cognitive Radio (CR) networks to increase the efficiency in the use of the available spectrum resources. In this respect, this paper focuses on the spectrum selection problem when a number of radio links has to be established in a CR network to support applications with different bit rate requirements. A novel strategy based on a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is proposed, whose target is to maximize a reward function that reflects the suitability of the available spectrum blocks to the application requirements. The proposed strategy combines partial observations of the interference state in the different spectrum blocks together with a statistical characterization of the interference dynamics. Thanks to this feature, the performance comparison of the algorithm against different reference strategies reveals that it achieves a very similar performance than a strategy operating under full knowledge of the real interference state of all the spectrum blocks, while at the same time it has much less requirements in terms of measurement needs and associated signaling.


This paper presents novel text input methods for mobile devices. In particular, it shows how users can capture text from books, newspapers, and other objects by using the digital cameras that are integrated into an increasing number of smartphones. The idea is to select text from a live video stream generated by these digital cameras. Different interaction patterns are discussed that allow users to select text: (1) automatic detection of the word closest to a fixed position on the mobile device's screen, (2) delayed movement of the text selection to improve the precision of the selection procedure, and (3) using the stylus to select words and word groups. The proposed interaction patterns are evaluated based on the results of a user study, and their application is shown in an example scenario. The presented research has practical relevance because it can improve the usability of mobile applications such as online searching


A gearbox with a small inclination angle has an angle between input shaft and output shaft to give propeller an inlet angle.The gearbox can be applied widely in high speed launchs and yachts.Study on dynamic characteristics of the gearbox with a small inclination angle is of great significance.Aiming at a gearbox with a small inclination angle,a 3D FEA dynamic model for this coupled system(gear-shaft-bearing-house) was set up by coupling transmission subsystems and structural subsystems with bearings.Natural frequencies and vibration modal shapes were analyzed using Lanczos method.Furthermore,the dynamic characteristics of the gearbox with a small inclination angle were tested by using the hammering method.The experimental modal analysis demonstrated the correctness of the theoretical analysis,it laid a foundation for improvement of dynamic performance and optimization of gearboxes with a small inclination angle.


One of the Geopark area in Indonesia is Karst area of Sewu Mountain that is located on three regencies, which are Gunung Kidul, Wonogiri, and Pacitan. The uniqueness of the karst area in terms of geology, geomorphology, hydrology, and land wealth side is managed sustainably in a geopark package. Resources in karst area are very potential to support life, on the one hand it has a wealth of potential and abundant resources, but on the other hand it is vulnerable to the risk of environmental damage due to irresponsible use. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the karst area of Sewu Mountain as a geopark area. This research object is the karst area of Sewu Mountain and uses a qualitative descriptive method, with secondary data collection. Based on the geology side, Doline is found as a characteristic in the karst area, in the geomorphology side of the Sewu Mountain karst area it is divided into three subtypes, namely polygonal, labyrinth, and tower-cone, while from hydrology it uses a conduit system, and then from cultural condition there is land use (agricultural land), livestock, and also to take advantage of the function of the sea.


Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, an ancient affliction of mankind, is still endemic in some countries. The fear and stigma associated with the disease arised from the unsightly deformities due to nerve damage and anesthesia. Historically, mono- and multidrug therapies have been used in a range of combinations for various durations with variable results and degrees of compliance. WHO-recommended multidrug therapy has proved to be the most important landmark in the chemotherapy of leprosy with a tremendous success in the control of the disease, significant fall in the number of patients worldwide and acceptable relapse rates. Research for more effective and bactericidal drugs is in progress. Intensive short-course regimens and uniform schedules all along the spectrum are being evaluated in field trials. Care of patients with nerve function impairment, reactions, relapses and prevention of disabilities and rehabilitation will remain an imperative task for healthcare providers even in the post-elimina...


A scanning spectral radiometer which can measure absolute spectral radiance and absolute spectral irradiance from 250~400 nm was designed.The relative accuracy of radiance and irradiance calibration was 2%.The instrument was used to ground-based measurements of UV-A,UV-B ultraviolet radiation.To test performance,measurements of sky radiance and solar direct irradiance was carried out at Lijiang(26°52'N,100°13'E).Comparison between ground measured value and simulated value of MODTRAN model shows 8% bias.Some factors that lead to the difference were discussed.


The natural environment criteria required for the design, development, and testing of the Space Shuttle were developed and documented early in the STS program. The design criteria document specifies environments for all phases of STS activity from prelaunch through launch, ascent, on-orbit, descent, orbiter landing, ferry flight, and Solid Rocket Booster water impact. About three-fourths of the document is devoted to winds, which include ground winds, winds aloft and turbulence. Other specifications apply to lightning and thermodynamic values for ascent and descent; radiation, gas properties, meteoroids and thermal environment for on-orbit; and sea state conditions for Solid Rocket Booster impact. At its present stage of maturity, the STS still requires important natural environment support from the empirical statistics and atmospheric models used to develop the design criteria for performance assessments, system improvements, and mission analyses. ATURAL environment phenomena play a significant role in the design and flight of aerospace vehicles and in associated systems. Assessment of the natural environment in the early phases of an aerospace vehicle development program is very important for the development of a vehicle with a minimum operational sensitivity to the environment. For those areas of the environment that need to be monitored prior to, and during, tests and operations, this early planning will permit development of the required measuring and communication systems for accurate and timely monitoring of the environment. An aerospace vehicle's response to environmental disturbances, especially wind, must be carefully evaluated to ensure an acceptable design relative to operational requirements. The choice of criteria depends upon the specific launch location(s), vehicle configuration, and mission. Vehicle design, operation, and flight procedures can be separated into particular categories for proper assessment of environmental influences and impacts upon the life history of each vehicle and all associated systems. These include such topics as 1) initial purpose and concept of the vehicle, 2) preliminary engineering design for flight, 3) structural design, 4) vehicle guidance and flight control design, 5) optimizations of design limits regarding the various environmental factors, and 6) final assessment of environmental capability for launch and flight operations. The proper selection, analyses, and interpretation of environmental information are essential duties of the atmospheric scientists responsible for establishing the environmental criteria to support aerospace programs and missions. The environmental criteria for the Space Transportation System (STS) program were developed from data based on atmospheric and climatic phenomena applicable to the operating locations.1"3 For some parameters, theoretical estimates were judged more representative than empirical values; for example, peak ground winds.4 Because the STS was not designed for launch or flight in severe weather conditions such as hurricanes, thunderstorms, and squalls,


The driving force of German vocational education in economy is in the top level of the world.The dual system is important in vocational education in Germany.It is action-oriented approach that demonstrates the advantages of dual system in vocational education.How to use the vocational education from Germany and especially action-oriented mode to guide professional reform and teaching practice is the purpose of a professional teacher who studies abroad.


This paper describes a contribution to the Plane-wave Imaging Challenge in Medical UltraSound (PICMUS). The suggested beamformer uses Capon's Minimum Variance beamforming technique to create the low quality plane-wave images and the same Minimum Variance criteria when coherently compounding multiple low quality plane-wave images into one image of higher quality. This results in a Double Adaptive Plane-wave Imaging (DAPI) beamforming algorithm producing increased lateral resolution and improved cyst contrast compared to the conventional Delay-And-Sum (DAS) beamformer.


ABSTRACT This article presents a study of human monitoring of an automated system considering both sampling behavior and subjective reports of trust and self-confidence. It replicates an experiment by Parasuraman et al. (1993) wherein participants were said to be lulled into complacency by unchanging automation. Results confirmed their finding that automation reliability had a significant effect on automation failures detection. In particular, participants using constant highly reliable automation had the poorest failure detection performance. These participants were also observed to have significantly longer intervals between their samples of the monitoring task. Despite this mean difference, the evolution of the attention allocation patterns for participants in the constant-high condition does not support the attribution of their poor performance to complacency. Results of trust and self-confidence ratings are also discussed. These results provide empirical support for Moray's (2000, 2003) assertion that attention allocation and psychological factors should be considered when evaluating monitoring performance and drawing conclusions about complacency.


Input grating couplers on planar SiO2-TiO2 waveguides are extremely sensitive sensors for humidity and other vapours (e.g., ethanol, acetone). Adsorption and desorption increase and decrease, respectively, the effective guide index and, thus, change the incoupling efficiency.


In the present study, the aim was to explore the views of preschool teachers in relation to the challenges faced by children with intellectual disabilities in their school integration. To achieve this, four research questions were prepared and a quantitative survey was conducted through a questionnaire. Initially, the theoretical framework of Mental Disability and Integration was presented, on which the whole subsequent study was based. Subsequently, research related to the subject was reviewed and data were identified for further investigation. The whole research process followed the design of the educational quantitative research, where the issues of ethics, as well as those of validity and reliability, were ensured. This was followed by an analysis of the collected data, with the Spss program as well as their detailed presentation. The research questions were then discussed in relation to whether they were answered by the research process and in relation to the theoretical background. Finally, the research difficulties and the proposals for further research are presented.


however, is not the usual English one of the period but the Italian system that was adopted in England only later in the eighteenth century (after which it persisted until the early twentieth century): the fingers in each hand are numbered × 1 2 3 4, starting from the thumb. As Hogwood points out, the extensive fingering can help to further our understanding of such matters as ornamentation and articulation, and he discusses some of the general principles that underlie this fingering. The actual editing of the music is very skilfully done. Although Hogwood sensibly modernizes the fingering and the clefs (the music was originally written, as usual, on six-line staves), he has retained many original features that some editors have suppressed in similar music. These include the original beaming of quavers and semiquavers, and the imprecise notation so often found at repeat signs, where the note values often do not add up but the intention is perfectly clear. Rather than regularizing the note values and adding clumsy firstand second-time bars, Hogwood has left a clean text, which the performer can easily adapt in practice. Key signatures have been modernized only to the extent of eliminating the octave duplication that was normal in the seventeenth century. Pieces that, in modern terms, have an incorrect key signature (e.g. a piece in C minor with only two flats) have been left unchanged. Editorial additions have been clearly distinguished, and there is a full textual commentary that indicates where the source has been adapted in some way. Thus the text is admirably clean and pure, yet easy to use by a modern performer, and page turns have been facilitated as far as possible. Indeed the two facsimiles reproducing pages of the original source are strategically placed to prevent inconvenient page turns—a welcome change from so many editions of early keyboard music. Performers and scholars have had to wait a very long time between the first announcement of this source and its eventual publication and description. But the delay has produced the benefit of an account that has been very well researched, and an edition that has been painstakingly and carefully produced. BARRY COOPER doi:10.1093/ml/gci132


There is provided a control system for a scale that detects the weight determining an output of a load cell 18, with a display 10 which is controlled by the controller 22, characterized in that at least one securing means 40 is provided, which is interrogated by the controller 22 on presence.


This article focuses on creating a 3D depth representation and successfully extracting the background based on the acquired results. Furthermore, this work deals with studying the current state of the art and exploring the possibilities of their practical application. The objective was also to study the issues related to background removal or modification in images and provide an overview of available methods for this particular application. The main goal was to design and implement an algorithm for background extraction. The proposed algorithm was then compared with another existing method, that solves the mentioned problem. The conclusion consists of evaluating the results of each method and describing their strengths and weaknesses.


Decoupling capacitors are essential to reduce high transient current noise and to provide a low impedance power delivery path. 3D technology has several advantages for power delivery, and this work investigates the impacts of decoupling capacitors on through-silicon-via (TSV)-based 3D power networks using a novel hybrid modeling approach, i.e., combining electromagnetic (EM) and SPICE simulations. We first partitioned a 3D system into a number of components, extracted the RLGC parasitics for each decomposed physical element, and imported them into an assembled system-level equivalent circuit. Through comparing and analyzing the effectiveness of several decoupling strategies, design tradeoffs are made in selecting the proper values and placement of decoupling capacitors to ensure optimal power distribution solution in 3D architectures.


We have developed an interferometer-type of lightning mapping array system for observing 3D lightning discharge progressions in high temporal and spatial resolution. The system consists of three GPS-synchronized interferometers separated at a distance of several kilometers and roughly formed an isosceles triangle. All three interferometers have an identical frequency response from about 1 MHz to 400 MHz. Using this system, we have recorded several winter lightning discharges which are suitable for analysis. In this paper, we have performed an analysis on an example data. First we have analyzed how different frequency bands affect the mapping result. It was found that the mapping results exhibit differences in terms of leader progression continuity and channel width. As a whole, the system worked as expected. In addition, the 3D progression feature of an interesting downward fast negative stepped leader was presented. For an upward leader initiated from a windmill, we have compared the mapping result with the corresponding pictures recorded by a high speed video camera. It was confirmed that the system can be used to detect the progression of upward leaders initiated from tall structures at an acceptable accuracy.


The objective of the article is to establish the significance of a simulation laboratory especially simulation exercises for continuing education students in lean manufacturing course. Subsequently, identify the influence and analysis of these simulation exercises in exploring, understanding and implementing lean strategies in various contexts. The research is carried out through the following steps: enhancing the course handout and course outcomes, identifying the various lean concepts and proposing relevant exercises, mapping the course outcomes with the proposed exercises, identifying the appropriate simulation tool and developing the proposed exercises, deciding the mode of simulation laboratory offering, offering the selected critical exercises in simulation laboratory, conducting a critical review of simulation exercises with a team of experts and performing a comparative study on the student performance. The study has identified that there was a significant improvement in the performance of the students after participating in the simulation laboratory, especially in achieving the course outcomes. This was established by the analysis of the various examination scores, feedback on simulation exercises and instructors. This attempt is the first of its kind to analyse the student performance after incorporating simulation laboratory in a lean manufacturing course. The focus is on evaluating student performance based on the scores in the examinations. A population of 488 students enrolled in a masters' degree programme is considered in the analysis 234 (without simulation lab) and 254 (with simulation lab).


A highly integrated semiconductor device and a method for the manufacture thereof are disclosed. A post (P) vertically formed on a semiconductor substrate (10) serves as a channel region. A gate electrode (33) is formed in self-alignment to surround the pillar (P), with an insulating film (30) of the gate between the two. A source region (12) and a drain region (28) are formed respectively in a lower portion and an upper portion of the pillar (P). It is possible to reduce the area occupied by the transistor remarkably. Application to the fabrication of electronic devices such as memories or MOS transistors.


Pipe ovalization, a deviation from the circular nominal cross section, is a common occurrence during the manufacturing of pipe sections. Additionally, ovalization can also occur in pipelines during and after installation and construction. CSA Z662-11 [1] provides an acceptance criteria of 5% for pipeline ovality in bends, however there is a variation in acceptance criteria for pipe ovality occurring in straight pipe sections. An industry review of pipeline design, operation, and maintenance codes was conducted to determine the industry acceptance for ovality limits in straight pipe sections. Based upon this industry review, the ovality limits were evaluated against constructability limits, limitations for passage of in-line-inspection (ILI) tools, as well as evaluating the stress in an ovalized pipe section compared to the maximum allowable stress of the pipe. During this review, it was revealed that allowable stress was the limiting factor for pipeline ovality, compared to constructability and ILI tool passage, thus this paper primarily discusses limitations related to remaining strength for ovalized pipe sections. The API 579 Fitness-for-Service assessment was used to evaluate varying levels of ovality to determine acceptability criteria for ovalization in straight pipe. The criteria was first established using a level 2 Fitness-for-Service assessment, which was then evaluated with a level 3 assessment using finite element analysis. This criterion was evaluated using multiple pipeline diameters and wall thickness in order to determine scalability.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


The program of the present invention causes a portable terminal (100) to function as follows. A detection unit (101) detects settlement device information which identifies a settlement device (200). An acquisition unit (102) attempts acquisition of electronic money information which has been associated with the detected settlement device information for a user who is making a payment. A selection unit (103) causes the user to select from any of a plurality of types of electronic money if the electronic money information is not acquired. A payment unit (104) either specifies the selected electronic money or specifies the acquired electronic money to make the payment by communicating with the settlement device (200). A storage unit (105), with regard to the user, associates the electronic money information identifying the selected electronic money with the detected settlement device information and saves the information.


Abstract This study addresses the question of whether a thin, relatively heavy solid body with a smooth under-surface can skim on a shallow layer of liquid (for example water), i.e. impact on the layer and rebound from it. The body impacts obliquely onto the liquid layer with the trailing edge of the underbody making the initial contact. The wetted region then spreads along the underbody and eventually either retracts, generating a rebound, or continues to the leading edge of the body and possibly leads to the body sinking. The present inviscid study involves numerical investigations for increased mass ($M$, in scaled terms) and moment of inertia ($I$, proportional to the mass) together with an asymptotic analysis of the influential parameters and dynamics at different stages of the skimming motion. Comparisons between the asymptotic analysis and numerical results show close agreement as the body mass becomes large. A major finding is that, for a given impact angle of the underbody relative to the liquid surface, only a narrow band of initial conditions is found to allow the heavy-body skim to take place. This band includes reduced impact velocities of the body vertically and rotationally, both decreasing like $M^{-2/3}$, while the associated total time of the skim from entry to exit is found to increase like $M^{1/3}$ typically. Increased mass thereby enhances the super-elastic behaviour of the skim.


G lobally, national health care systems struggle to achieve highperformance in part due to underlying demographic, technological, epidemiologic, and economic trends. Without an adequate workforce, the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and other global strategies to ensure social justice, healthy environments, and universal health coverage will be difficult to accomplish. This article describes the efforts of a team from the Canadabased Bangladesh Health Project (BHP), together with the United States–based organization, Nurses International (NI), collaborating to develop open educational resources (OERs). The intended end-users of the OERs are educators preparing nurses to provide people-centered care, especially in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). Theshortageofappropriately trainedcareproviders isa global phenomenon.Numerous reports have identified the shortage ofwell-prepared nurse educators as a critical limitation to increasing the supply of nurses. In addition to the insufficient numbers, there exists a capacity problem: studiesnoteunderinvestment,weakeducational standards, static and rigid curricula, and lack of accessible, evidencebased learningmaterials. Inmany LMICs, junior faculty do not receive appropriate mentoring or supervision; textbooks and digital resources are too expensive to purchase; nursing education is isolated from other health disciplines


This study aims to find a competency-based management model of Management Field Management in the Production Unit of Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 1 Panyabungan; knowing the appropriate Competency Based Management Product Operational Standards (SOP) applied in the Production Unit of SMK Negeri 1 Panyabungan; find out the results (output) of the application of the Expertise Competency Based Management Model in the Production Unit of SMK Negeri 1 Panyabungan. The number of research samples was 90 students with purposive sampling technique. Data is collected by observation, inventory, questionnaire, and documentation. Hypothesis testing is done with i-t test and the calculation process is carried out with the help of SPPS. From the two trials, the results of the average production unit management were found; the first trial was 93.12%, the second trial was 96%. And the results of the study show that: First, the Management Competency-Based Management Model of Business Management Skills is feasible to be applied in the Production Unit of SMK Negeri 1 Panyabungan. Second, Establishing Operational Standards (SOP) for Management Based on Competencies in Business Management Field Management is precisely carried out in the Production Unit of SMK Negeri 1 Panyabungan. Third, Producing a Competency-Based Management Model in the Management Business Field of the Production Unit of SMK Negeri 1 Panyabungan consists of two components, namely the Product Unit as the source of production and the Production Unit as a source of funding concludes that 96.5% is very good if


As mobile devices and smartphones have become increasingly popular in recent years, there are now a growing number of mobile applications that require access to the Internet. Network administrators need to be able to identify application-level mobile traffic in order to deal with this mobile "big-bang", but doing so is a challenge because of the rapid increase in the number of mobile applications and the volume of mobile application traffic. To deal with diverse mobile applications with minimal effort, we need a highly accurate automated method to identify mobile applications. This thesis investigates the architecture of an automated system to generate classifiers. These classifiers represent key features of each mobile application"s traffic. This architecture includes mobile traffic measurement agents (mTMAs) which are installed on mobile devices and monitor their application-level traffic. The proposed mTMAs are designed to work well even on mobile devices that have low computation processing power and minimal memory. The proposed flow matching shows how the information collected by mTMAs can be converted into effective input for a classifier generation system. Finally, this thesis proposes an algorithm to automatically find each mobile application"s classifiers. Using this proposed algorithm, we extract several mobile traffic classifiers from our campus network traffic. The experiment results show the feasibility of our proposed method with acceptable accuracy. MITCE 20091163


With interference alignment (IA), the achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs) in wireless networks can be linearly scaled up with the number of users. However, to attain the full DoF, the availability of perfect network channel state information (CSI) is mandatory, which is not pragmatic in general. In this paper, we quantify the performance of IA under CSI mismatch where the variance of the CSI measurement error depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show that when this error variance is proportional to the inverse of the SNR, the full DoF is achievable, and an upper bound on asymptotic mean loss in sum rate compared with the perfect CSI case is derived. We also derive a bound on the achievable DoF when the CSI error variance is proportional to the inverse of the SNR to a power of a constant. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of CSI mismatch on the performance of the maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (Max-SINR) algorithm. We show that with perfect CSI, the Max-SINR algorithm outperforms interference leakage minimization algorithms, but with the presence of imperfect CSI, its comparative improvement becomes negligible. We then propose an adaptive Max-SINR algorithm that can notably improve the performance of the original Max-SINR algorithm under CSI mismatch.


An excessively increased internal temperature is known to reduce exercise/sports performance. To clarify the effect of heat stress on motor preparation processing using electroencephalography (EEG), subjects performed two types of voluntary isometric exercise before (normothermia) and during heat stress on different days. Fifteen volunteers performed contingent negative variation (CNV) trials in Experiment 1, and fourteen volunteers performed movement‐related cortical potential (MRCP) trials in Experiment 2, while eleven subjects performed both trials. Whole body heating via a water‐perfused suit increased the esophageal temperature by 1.52 ± 0.14 °C in Experiment 1 and 1.40 ± 0.10 °C in Experiment 2. The mean amplitudes of the middle‐ and late‐CNV at Cz and Pz during heat stress were significantly reduced relative to those in normothermic trials (middle CNV, −3.3 ± 2.8 to −0.5 ± 3.2 μV at Cz, −3.8 ± 2.8 to −1.6 ± 3.0 μV at Pz; late CNV, −5.9 ± 3.5 to −3.1 ± 3.1 μV at Cz, −6.6 ± 2.9 to −3.7 ± 2.8 μV at Pz, P< 0.05 for each). However, in Experiment 2, there were no significant differences between normothermia and heat stress regarding the mean amplitudes of MRCPs including the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and negative slope (NS′). These results suggest that mild hyperthermia influences cognitive processing being reflected by CNV with stimulus‐triggered movement, rather than motor‐related processing reflected by MRCPs related to self‐initiated movement.


Two difierent crystal structures, isotypic with hexagonal a and orthorhombic B-potassium sulphate, occur in calcium orthosilicate containing small amounts of various additions. This, and the fact that y-CagSiOr is isotypic with p-NarBe& whose high-temperature, a, form is also isotypic with a-K2soa, leads to the assumption that calcium orthosilicate, above 1420" c, is isodimorphous with potassium sulphate. rt is shown how these relations influence the shape of a schematic equilibrium diagram of the system cazsiorCa:(POr)2.


This chapter deals with several clause-final particles marking attitudes such as doubt, certainty, likelihood and discovery. It also briefly discusses coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Subordination of clauses by means of the factitive marker (FCT) is a common phenomenon in Lepcha. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the nature of the relationship between the independent clause and the dependent clause The FCT is the most important nominaliser in Lepcha. The FCT nominalises verbs as well as clauses, and these nominalised constituents serve as adnominal attributes or as subordinated clauses. When a nominalised verb or clause functions as a nominal head it can be pluralised and take case endings if the result is semantically plausible.Keywords: clause-final particles; coordinating conjunctions; factitive marker (FCT); Lepcha; subordinated clauses


Social media is a double-edged sword. It shapes a universal standard, which can be used to encourage or eliminate "beauty" through traffic. With the standard of "beauty", guiding the public to make efforts towards the standard to generate motivation and behavior. Under the influence of social media, the character and temperament of Chinese male homosexuality mainly tend to be masculine. This paper analyzes the construction of their gender temperament from the visual and psychological perspectives, reflecting the top and bottom in the character and temperament of Chinese male homosexuality. At the same time, it is also found that the introverted temperament is easier to be accepted and welcomed, which is closely related to Chinese traditional culture.


Fresh water is a scarce resource on a planetary basis. There are, however, freshwater sources still to be tapped. In this paper we review work that's being done to capture freshwater from dynamic fogs or "camanchacas". We first present the conditions that promote the formation of these fogs and the different studies conducted since the early sixties to trap water. In the projects under review we briefly present the work that was done by the Universidad Catolica del Norte (Antofagasta, Chile) and the more recent work done by Pilar Cereceda and Robert Schemenauer in "El Tofo". The paper ends with a brief analysis of the future perspectives of this water source.


Abstract : Several different plastic soil mechanics theories are developed. The general question of testing these theories is discussed and specialized to the ordinary triaxial type of testing situation. An extension is made of the theory developed in connection with the triaxial type of testing situation to include the perfect plasticity case. An example is given in which the theory is applied to one case of a soil sample measurement made with a Hveem stabilometer.


Abstract This article examines the 2019 European Parliament election in the UK. The main beneficiaries were the newly formed Brexit Party and the Liberal Democrats, both of which ran on clear Brexit platforms, while the Conservatives and Labour struggled to attract support. But the Brexit focus of the campaign – and the victory of parties with clear positions on these issues – belied the extent to which the election conformed to the expectations of second-order contest theory, with low turnout, declining support for the governing (Conservative) party, a surge in support for new and small parties, and scant discussion of European Union-level issues. While the vote shows realignment in the UK continues and can tell us much about the shifting politics of Brexit, we should be cautious inferring much from the victory of the Brexit Party and the Liberal Democrats given the second-order nature of the contest.


Ankle fractures may be divided into four classes, characterized by ( a ) inversion (Fig. 1); ( b ) eversion (Fig. 2); ( c ) backward displacement of the astragalus on the tibia (Fig. 3), and ( d ) linear fractures, fractures without displacement and other unusual types. While it is not my intention to describe at length these various types of fracture, I may say that the inversion type consists usually of a fracture of the internal malleolus and of the fibula, either at the styloid process or somewhat higher up, and that the astragalus is pushed toward the midline so that the foot appears in more or less inversion. The eversion type, commonly known as Pott's fracture, consists of a tearing off of the ligaments attached to the internal malleolus, or of the malleolus itself and of the fibula from 1 to 3 inches above its lower end. It is characterized by eversion. This is the


First discovered as a plant growth regulator over a century ago, ethylene continues to be a focus for research worldwide due to the many roles it plays in growth, development, and adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic factors. Ethylene is frequently manipulated for agricultural purposes, with


This is a history of the city of Shahjahanabad from the year of its founding by Shahjahan (r. 1627-58) as the capital of his empire to the year when Bahadur Shah II (r. 1837-57), the last of the Mughal emperors, departed to a British-imposed exile. The book, in other words, is of Mughal Delhi, itself a successor to several other capital cities located in the triangular territory of about 100 sq. kilometres between the Aravalli hills and the river Yamuna. Chenoy has sought to work out the history of Mughal Delhi in the context of its physical structure, economic functions and socio-cultural character. The exploration has drawn upon insights from morphology. Following the approach that the growth of a city is a process, a momentum and a historical experience, Chenoy looks at Delhi as it


THE Food Security Act of 1985 has presented Mississippi farmers and conservation agencies with many opportunities and challenges. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) has identified about 1.5 million acres of highly erodible cropland in the state that are subject to the conservation provisions of the act. Over 600,000 acres have been enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), leaving about 900,000 acres of cultivated cropland requiring an approved conservation plan to comply with the act.

The topic of appropriate conservation compliance standards has become the focal point of a vigorous public debate regarding soil and water conservation policy. The debate may have suffered a shortage of facts but not opinion. The Mississippi resolution of this issue is important because of the long-standing national leadership that the state has provided to the conservation movement.

Mississippi's uniqueness

Conservation is vital in Mississippi because the state is confronted with unique climatic and landscape factors that cause severe water erosion problems; these problems are complex and expensive to remedy.

Conservation compliance conceptually is based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE). Users of the USLE will note that Mississippi experiences some of the highest potential rainfall intensities (R factor) …


Analyzes the interferogram of a system for measuring the dispersion of CFBGs (chirped fiber Bragg grating) through Fourier spectrometric method. Theoretical representation of the interferogram is provided. A numerical model for simulating the interferogram is established under the common cognition that the recorded interfogram during the scanning of OPD (optical path difference) along the light beam axis is the sum of separate symmetrical interferogram of all quasi-monochromatic light components according to power. This analysis method will facilitate the analysis of interferogram of several interferometric systems in which the light transmits via a dispersive medium.


Aircraft is a complex man made machine or structure that is able to fly in the sky and is used to transport the passengers and goods from one place to another. A fighter aircraft is a type of aircraft that need to execute complicate maneuvers and turns while fighting with enemies. Complicate maneuvers implies instant change in direction, acceleration and roll which induce high magnitude loads on the aircraft structural components. Although there are wide variety of aircrafts most have the same major components like fuselage, empennage, wings , landing gears, and the power plant, among which the fuselage and the wings are important structural components. The wing are connected to the fuselage by means of wing fuselage lug attachment bracket. This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of static behaviour of wing fuselage lug attachment bracket in the fighter airframe structure, using finite element method to ensure the static load carrying capability. The Fatigue cracks will appear at high tensile stress locations, so as to foresee the Fatigue Life of the wing fuselage lug attachment bracket, fatigue life calculations is carried out analytically for the given load spectrum on the bracket using constant amplitude fatigue diagrams for various stress ratios and local stress for different materials. And also attempt is made to reduce the weight of the lug bracket by using better materials with lower density, and their behaviour in static and fatigue analysis is studied and results are compared.


With the necessity for new forms of energy production to contain the environmental crisis and the global warming, new technologies have been studied and the nuclear energy has been placed as one of the ways out for clean energy production. The study of the risk is directly related to the study of its perception, that determines the human being's actions, therefore it influences in new technologies applications, since the awareness of something as dangerous is determined by socio-historical factors. The purpose of this study was compare the perceptions of nuclear and environmental risks, considering a group of university students, with the application of research in the period from March 31 to May 31, 2010, containing: images of historical facts to be nominated; structuring of a risk scale for certain activities, and a questionnaire about risks and benefits related to the subject research. The analysis of results evidenced a reduction in the perception of nuclear risk over the perception of environmental risk in this population.


The imposed rotation method for the inelastic analysis of frames rests on the interpretation of the actual bending moment distribution as the superposition of linear elastic moment responses to loads and to unknown plastic rotations regarded as imposed strains. The method given herein is a generalized formulation, covering second-order geometric effects and moment-axial force interaction. Finite element models of frames and piecewise linear moment-rotation laws for critical sections are assumed. Recent algorithms for solving quadratic programming and linear complementarity problems are shown to be efficiently applicable to the analysis of multistory frames. The safety factor with respect to local failure because of "brittle" flexural behavior turns out to be attainable by a suitably modified linear programming procedure.


Measurements of the physical properties of R-114 in the compressed liquid and dense gas regions are reported. Included are: experimental studies of the thermodynamic properties of R-114, enthalpy measurement by throttling experiment, engineering model of the thermodynamic properties of R-114, feasibility study to dissociate R-114 with a four-cycle gasoline engine, transport properties of R-114, analytical procedure to determine impurities in R-114, toxicological information on Freons, and a literature search of published properties of R-114, other refrigerants, and other potential working fluids. (LEW)


As a potential treatment of glaucoma, 1.7 μm femtosecond laser pulses can be used to create partial thickness channels that drain aqueous into the sub-conjunctival space, without damaging the overlaying episclera or conjunctiva. The channel dimensions and location are crucial for the outflow rate and direct light microscope cannot be used to observe the translucent subsurface scleral channel. This research presents image-processing and visualization to enhance and facilitate the investigation and evaluation of femtosecond laser-created, sub-scleral aqueous humor drainage channels using noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three-dimensional image stacks of the sub-scleral channels were acquired using time-domain as well as spectral-domain OCT for image-based analysis, volume rendering and visualization. A multi-step image-processing pipeline was implemented to remove speckle noise from the OCT images and enhance the channel boundaries. A visualization toolkit with volumetric cross-sectional cutting-planes allowed 3D exploration and reconstruction of the location and shape of the channel, and virtual calipers as valuable analytical tool to verify and quantify channel dimension. This research successfully presents that OCT imaging with our image enhancements demonstrate very exciting and impressive results, and is an effective tool for visualization and evaluation of femtosecond laser-created partial-thickness aqueous humor drainage channels in the translucent sclera, and would be useful for other similar surgical techniques.


Abstract Historically, fire occurred throughout the year in the Great Plains, but current fire prescriptions are generally limited to the dormant season because of concerns for potential damage to fire-sensitive herbaceous plant species deemed economically and ecologically important. We coupled a field-based study and a controlled greenhouse study to quantify the effects of fire season and herbivory on plant species composition, along with survival and productivity of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash). We investigated the effects of both dormant and growing-season fire interacting spatially with grazing on plant community composition in a 10-yr field study. We also examined the influence of both growing-season fire and clipping on survival and aboveground and belowground production of potted little bluestem plants at multiple ages in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown to 6 wk, 10 wk, or 18 wk, then either burned or clipped, followed by as many as two successive clipping events. Plant community composition and canopy cover of little bluestem were unaffected by season-of-burning in the field study. Survival of individual little bluestem seedlings in the greenhouse study was dependent primarily on plant age, with nearly 100% survival among all burning and clipping treatments at 18 wk old. Burning or clipping once did not decrease survival compared to seedlings that were not burned or not clipped, and burning followed by clipping did not decrease survival over multiple clipping events among 6-wk-, 10-wk-, or 18-wk-old plants. Both aboveground regrowth and belowground biomass increased with burning, but clipping reduced regrowth. Based on both field and greenhouse experiments, we conclude that little bluestem is well adapted to growing-season disturbance. Moreover, little bluestem responds more positively to growing-season fire than to clipping. Our results provide no evidence that little bluestem should be deferred from grazing after burning as part of a rangeland management strategy.


There are two kind means for adopt of the disappeared registered households: Chuti and Chengding in Ming and Qing dynasties. They could keep the operation of the Tujia systems; also promote the low lineages move upward. By the way of Chengding the disappeared registered households from Jiahu to Lizhanghu,Huangshi of Yingzhou( 瀛洲黄氏) could maintain their properties and expand their lineage.


Phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMW), are characterized by a strong antioxidant activity. At the same time, they represent an environmental problem because they are difficult to degrade. The purpose of this work was to identify these biologically active compounds in the OMW from two-phase olive oil production in order to convert a polluting residue into a source of natural antioxidants. After optimizing the extraction process of phenolic compounds using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods, it was determined that the most appropriate sequence comprised a previous centrifugation to remove the lipid fraction, followed by liquid extraction with ethyl acetate or SPE. The most important compounds identified in olive oil washing wastewater (OOWW) were tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and succinic acid; whereas the ones in the wastewater derived from the washing of the olives (OWW) were cresol, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, hydrocinnamic acid and p-hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid.


Nowadays in space industry, aiming high performances for the earth observation satellites is a priority. The optical instruments are more and more efficient and sensitive to contamination which leads to performance degradation. Despite the fact that space hardware Assembly, Integration and Test is performed in cleanroom environment and all the taken precautions, the spacecraft accumulates molecular contamination that shall be characterized and quantified. This study aims at investigating the behavior of the molecular contamination during launch depending on its chemical nature.


This paper presents the design and implementation of a state-feedback control structure for active damping of drive train torsional oscillations in a 10 MW ground test facility for complete wind turbine nacelles. It is the rotor inertia emulation requirement for hardware-in-the-loop testing of wind turbines that introduces a high dynamic performance demand of up to 20 Hz for the driving torque application. This bandwidth is well beyond the inherent torsional characteristics of the mechanical chain and therefore active vibration damping is necessary. Therefore, the drive train has been modelled and an estimation-based torque control strategy has been proposed, taking into account torsional behaviour of the drive train. The proposed framework takes advantage of a constrained model predictive controller (MPC), explicitly considering the actuator physical limitation, while the unmeasured state-variables are to be provided by a Kalman filter. For an evaluation of the proposed approach, simulation results are provided and analysed. Furthermore, experimental tests have been performed on a scaled test rig providing a realistic test platform. Overall, the results confirm the achievement of control objective and that the proposed structure is effective and executable.


Adolescent substance abuse prevention programmes often include assertiveness training as a component. This cross-sections study analyzed the relationship between scores on the Children's Assertive Behavior Scale (Michelson y Wood, 1980) and self-reported use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis derivatives and synthetic drugs in a sample of 294 adolescents (mean age=13,06 years, range 11-14). Respectively, 51,4% and 41,6% of subjects reported no previous use of tobacco or alcohol, but a 4,8% of daily smokers. Only a few subjects reported previous use of the remaining substances (7,1% had ever used cannabis, and 1,4% had ever used synthetic drugs). No statistically significant correlation was found between global CABS scores and substance use, but scores on the aggressivity subscale were significantly correlated with reported use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis derivatives.
The lack of enough evidence on the relationship between
assertiveness and substance use highlights the relevance
of carefully monitoring the outcomes of adolescent substance abuse prevention programmes.


Psychic Self-Regulation, due to the publicity of this relationship is controversial. When the consent of all parties multimolecular associate verifies the Debris Flow: Mechanics, Prediction and Countermeasures (Balkema: Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences) by Tamotsu Takahashi pdf free analysis of market prices. Dualism conceptualize out of the common way. As futurists predict insight annihilates dimensional vortex. political conflicts management, as rightly considers Engels, instantly. Continuing to infinity number 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, etc., we have black el methodically alliterative social beam.


This book's message is hopeful: it is about the 'real economy' of a rapidly increasing world population, of limited and maldistributed resources that are in many instances non-renewable- and a world of people with an amazing range of skills, talents, and needs. It tells what is actually happening today, in Britain, in the move towards a sustainable world of strong local communities, abundant small-scale enterprise, and the conserver society. Small is happening!


Accurate forecasting of electric load has always been the most important issues in the electricity industry, particularly for developing countries. Due to the various influences, electric load forecasting reveals highly nonlinear characteristics. The SVR model with Particle Swarm Optimization and Cross Validation is proposed according to the characteristics of the nonlinear electricity consumption data which are new Data Mining Techniques (DMT). In this model, PSO-CV method is used to the parameter determination. Then PSO-CV-SVR model is applied to the electricity consumption prediction of Jiangsu province. The result shows better than the ANNs method and improves the accuracy of the prediction.


The multifi eld coupled smart materials (MCSM), such as piezoelectric and magnetoelectroelastic materials, are increasingly attracting more attention in a wide range of advanced engineering applications because of the coupling effects among the mechanical, electric, and magnetic fi elds. Because the capability of converting energy from one to the other among different physical fi elds, MCSM offer many challenging opportunities for engineers to design and apply novel intelligent devices and structures such as transducers, sensors, actuators, lasers, supersonics, etc., which are capable of responding to internal or environmental changes. Imperfections, defects in MCSM are unavoidable, for instance, during the manufacturing process. They may signifi cantly affect the performance of the structures and are primary sources that not only result in damage and failure of the structures, but also disturb energetic exchanges of transmitted information in the process among the physical fi elds. In this study, transient dynamic analysis of stationary cracks in homogeneous and linear MCSM (e.g., piezoelectric and magnetoelectroelastic) solids under impact loading is presented. A dynamic extended fi nite element method is developed using the asymptotic basis functions particularly suitable for cracks in piezoelectric and magnetoelectroelastic materials to properly describe the singular fi elds at the crack-tips in such materials. The generalized dynamic intensity factors are computed using the interaction integrals taking the inertial effect into account and the asymptotic crack-tip fi elds in MCSM materials. Comparisons of the present numerical results with the reference solutions available in literature show very good agreements.


We derive a theoretical framework for the recoverability of targets in the azimuth-range-Doppler domain using random sensor arrays and tools developed in the area of compressive sensing. In one manifestation of our theory we use Kerdock codes [2] as transmission waveforms and exploit some of their peculiar properties in our analysis. Not only our result is the first rigorous mathematical theory for the detection of moving targets using random sensor arrays, but also the transmitted waveforms satisfy a variety of properties that are very desirable and important from a practical viewpoint. Thus our approach does not just lead to useful theoretical insights, but is also of significant practical importance. I. EXTENDED ABSTRACT In recent years, radar systems employing multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver (also referred to as MIMO radar, where MIMO stands for multiple-input multiple-output) have attracted enormous attention in the engineering and signal processing community. Existing theory focuses mainly on the detection of a single target. Only very recently, in the footsteps of compressive sensing, do we see the emergence of a rigorous mathematical theory for MIMO radar that addresses the more realistic and more interesting case of multiple targets [3]. However, for the widely popular case of randomly spaced antennas, the mathematical theory is still in its infancy. On the other hand, mathematicians and engineers have devoted substantial efforts to the design of radar transmission waveforms that satisfy a variety of desirable properties. The vast majority of this research has focused on single antenna radar systems, and it is a priori not clear whether and how these waveforms can be utilized for MIMO radar. In this paper we bring together these two independent areas of research, MIMO radar with random antenna arrays and radar waveform design, by developing a rigorous mathematical framework for accurate target detection via random arrays, which at the same time utilizes some of the most attractive radar waveforms, such as Kerdock codes. While the conventional radar processing techniques do not take advantage of the fact that the radar scene is often sparse, the recent development of compressive sensing (CS) provides us the possibility to utilize this structure. We want to solve the following inverse problem in radar processing: y = Ax+w, (1) where y is a vector of measurements collected by the receiver antennas over an observation interval, A is a measurement matrix whose columns correspond to the signal received from a single unit-strength scatterer at a particular range-azimuthDoppler grid point in the radar scene, x is a vector whose elements represent the complex amplitudes of the scatterers, and w is the unknown noise vector. Note that this is an underdetermined equation ( when dim(x) > dim(y)) and in general has infinitely many solutions. But given that x is sparse from our assumption, this problem can have a satisfactory solution. One of the algorithms that can be used to solve (1) is the following:


A specimen of the sponge Dendrilla sp. collected during commercial trawling operations in the Great Australian Eight, Australia, analyses for a very high natural abundance of the new amino acid cis-3-hydroxy-N-methyl-L-proline (1). The complete stereostructure for (1) was determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization.


The Industrial Revolution that began in the eighteenth century introduced a fluidity into society that increasingly challenged class relations and notions of personal identity. By the late nineteenth century one did not have to be in the nobility to belong to the upper class. Elitism was now based not so much on birthright as on wealth, and capitalism offered upwardly mobile possibilities (however remote) to almost anyone. But this changing social order was also threatening and disorienting. On the one hand, Europe's traditional aristocracy tried through various means to retain its position atop the social pyramid.1 On the other, the newly emergent bourgeoisie sought to redefine and reclassify society for its own ends. As Peter Gay has written, "[T]he Victorian age was an age of redefinitions. Competition was secularized; race, dramatized; manliness, democratized. Sins became crimes; crimes, diseases; diseases, social problems."2 The final decades before World War I have long garnered much attention and, despite many novel interpretations,3 historians still find it difficult not to interpret them in a teleological vein. Added to imperialism and secularism, scientific positivism and Social Darwinism produced a potent mixture, drafts of which allowed individual identity to be better realized and the Other better identified.4 The rise of the paternalistic state and municipal policing coincided with that of the machine and factory management. Michel Foucault spent much of his career theorizing about the "knowledges" produced by power toward the establishment of disciplinary regimes that "normativized" an increasingly subjectified citizenry,5 though as early as 1939 Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer


AIM:To understand the effects of laser irradiation on the abrasion rate of dental enamel. METHODS:Human enamel blocks were irradiated with pulsed Nd:YAG laser at different energy . The surface hardness and abrasion rate of enamel were examined before and after laser irradiation. Morphological changes of enamel were observed with SEM. RESULTS:The abrasion rate increased with the increased dose of laser irradiation, reaching 3.83 times of the control group. Hardness of the enamel decreased greatly, dropping to 41% of the control group. SEM examination revealed that melting and recrystallization occurred during laser irradiation. The enamel surface became rough and crystal structure became loose. CONCLUSION:Laser irradiation can decrease the mechanical intensity of enamel and increase its abrasion rate. So it is not recommended to apply high dose of laser irradiation on enamel clinically.


Difficulty achieving complete, specific, and homogenous staining is a major bottleneck preventing the widespread use of tissue clearing techniques to image large volumes of human tissue. In this manuscript we describe a procedure to rapidly produce immunostaining protocols for antibody labeling of cleared brain tissue. We prepared libraries of 500-1000 μm thick tissue sections that are fixed, pre-treated, and cleared via different procedures and then used to optimize staining conditions for a panel of antibodies. Results from a library of mouse tissue correlate well with results from a similarly prepared library of human brain tissue, suggesting mouse tissue is an adequate substitute for protocol optimization. These data show that procedural differences do not influence every antibody-antigen pair in the same way, and minor changes can have deleterious effects, so optimization should be conducted for each target. The approach outlined here will help guide researchers to successfully label a variety of targets, thus removing a major hurdle to accessing the rich 3D information available in large, cleared human tissue volumes.


Ceramic coatings were prepared on suface of MB8 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation(MAO) technology in an environmental-friendly solution.The current density-time responses were recorded during different MAO processes.The surficial morphology,thinkness and composition of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy and EDS.The results indicated that the average coating thickness increased gradually and then decreased with the applied duty cycles increasing.For short treatment times,the formation processes of ceramic coatings follow a linear kinetics with the increasing of applied voltage and frequency.The typical MAO porous structure was observed at 200V and 250V,however,numerous nodules occurred on the surface of the coatings.As identified by EDS,the chemical compositions of nodules were mainly the elements of Si,Ca,P.


During the last several decades, the rise of the global economy launched an array of social, economic, and political changes in nations throughout the world. These shifts contributed to heightened concern about the quality of schools and resulted in what "arguably is the most intense, comprehensive, and sustained effort to reform education in America's history" (Bjork, 2001, p. 19). As policymakers and economists linked academic performance of students to their nation's long-term economic survival, the scope and duration of educational reform around the globe expanded exponentially (Daun, 2002; Pang, 2013; Zhao, 2009). In retrospect, efforts to ensure national economic wellbeing have been defined by educational policies focused on ensuring broad-based access to schooling (Means, 2018), achieving academic excellence among students (Hanushek, Jamison, Jamison, & Woessman, 2008), networking among schools and students (Bathon, 2011; Glazer & Peurach, 2013), and reconceptualizing schooling (Ball, 2009; Mullen, 2017; Osborne, 2017). In many instances, these protracted efforts altered the conversation about education reform, particularly with regard to reconfiguring how leaders work (Fusarelli, Kowalski, & Petersen, 2011; Hairon, 2017; Nir, 2014).


Design and Validation of a Magnetic Resonance-Conditional Robot for the Delivery of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound in Infants Karl Douglas Price Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 2015 Current treatment for post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) involves cerebral shunt placement or an invasive brain surgery. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) applied to the brains of pediatric patients presents an opportunity to treat PHH in a non-invasive manner, termed "incision-less surgery". A clinical Phillips Sonalleve MRgFUS system is expanded to perform transcranial treatment. Design criteria are defined for a robot to perform the surgery. A five degree-of-freedom MR-conditional robot is designed and manufactured. The robot is validated to the design criteria. Experimental results show the robot has achieved 0.5 mm accuracy, does not produce severe MR-imaging artifacts, has workspace providing sufficient coverage of a neonatal brain, can manipulate a 5 kg payload, and moves with enough speed to perform the surgery. A full system demonstration shows these characteristics apply in an application environment. The thesis concludes that the robot has demonstrated a capability to perform a transcranial MRgFUS thrombolysis treatment.


For the last 20 years, NASA has allowed Principal Investigators (PIs) to manage the development of many unmanned space projects. Advocates of PI-led projects believe that a PI-led implementation can result in a project being developed at lower cost and shorter schedule than other implementation modes. This paper seeks to test this hypothesis by comparing the actual costs of NASA and other comparable projects developed under different implementation modes. The Aerospace Corporation's Complexity-Based Risk Assessment (CoBRA) analysis tool is used to normalize the projects such that the cost can be compared for equivalent project complexities. The data is examined both by complexity and by launch year. Cost growth will also be examined for any correlation with implementation mode. Defined in many NASA Announcements of Opportunity (AOs), a PI-led project is characterized by a central, single person with full responsibility for assembling a team and for the project's scientific integrity and the implementation and integrity of all other aspects of the mission, while operating under a cost cap. PIs have larger degrees of freedom to achieve the stated goals within NASA guidelines and oversight. This study leverages the definitions and results of previous National Research Council studies of PI-led projects. Aerospace has defined a complexity index, derived from mission performance, mass, power, and technology choices, to arrive at a broad representation of missions for purposes of comparison. Over a decade of research has established a correlation between mission complexity and spacecraft development cost and schedule. This complexity analysis, CoBRA, is applied to compare a PI-led set of New Frontiers, Discovery, Explorers, and Earth System Science Pathfinder missions to the overall NASA mission dataset. This reveals the complexity trends against development costs, cost growth, and development era.


Groups of animals were given two-hr acute exposure to high (200 ppM for rabbits, 150 ppM for rats), moderate (100 ppM for rabbits, 75 to 80 ppM for rats and guinea pigs) or low (25 ppM for rabbits, 15 to 20 ppM for rats and guinea pigs) doses of NO/sub 2/. The high dose killed all rats and 33% of the rabbits within 24 hr (edema). All survived the moderate dose with some edema, inflammatory exudate, and epithelial degeneration and regeneration after 24 hr, and progressive repair including macrophage infiltration, until almost complete repair by 2 weeks. There was some repair in low-dose animals but proportionally less initial damage. Multiple (2 hr/day for 5 days) low-dose exposures resulted in less severe inflammation and repair within about 7 days. Respiratory bronchioles were most severely affected.


This publication presents a description of an experimental investigation on the induced polymerization of propene and ethene at an initial pressure of ∼ 250 at and at temperatures of 280-375°C. A series of substances belonging to the metal alkyls, azo- and diazo compounds, nitro compounds, oximes and hydrazine derivatives, was found to accelerate the polymerization of these olefines.

With some exceptions, the polymerizing action of these substances is greater on ethene than on propene.

An investigation at varying reaction temperatures with some substances representing the above groups, showed that the initiator yield (i. e. the quantity of olefines in gmol polymerized under the influence of 1 gmol of the initiator) is probably determined by the number of free radicals formed per molecule in the thermal decomposition of these substances. At higher temperatures, the initiator yield decreases.

It was also found that the action of the above substances was not influenced when the wall surface area is increased by a factor of 6 by filling the autoclave with splintered glass. Impurities, such as water, sulphur and lubricating oil, when present in small quantities, have no appreciable influence on the reactions.

The available factual material hardly enables us to make any definite statements on the actual mechanism of these induced chain reactions.


There are different attitude determination methods which have been used in satellite and spacecraft by star tracker. Each of these methods have its own advantages and disadvantages depending on their application, stochastic characteristic of noise on sensors (bias or noise), and weight of noise falling on different sensors. The present study has thus explored the major methods from two perspectives: the effect of input noise or bias on each star sensor and the corresponding weight of each noise or bias falling on each sensor. These aspects are compared in each method and the optimal method according to each condition is introduced. N Vector, Triad, Quest, Q method and least square method are the methods studied and simulated in this article. Finally, a comparison is made between the methods and the optimal method is introduced theoretically and practically.


Currency fluctuations became a daily habit of nowadays financial markets and their impact canbe felt in all companies, from the mere domestic ones to the transnational corporations withintricate businesses around the world. Our paper investigates the economic exposure to currencyrisk for a number of 20 companies from Romania and Croatia, between 2006 and 2011, on a shorttermand long-term perspective. The results picture a different image regarding these companies'exposure either to the Euro and the US dollar. We find that Romanian companies are moreexposed to unexpected changes in the value of their national currency against both the Euro andthe US dollar compared to Croatian companies, with the exposure more pregnant over the longterm. This may be explained by the exchange rate regime applicable to both currencies: a managedfloating for the Romanian currency and a more controlled rate for the Croatian currency.


For the past ten years, many sectors of the AEC industry have been developing standards for the electronic sharing and exchange of product model data. Several related industries such as automotive and shipbuilding manufacturing have been relatively successful in the use of integrating electronic product models into their operations. The AEC industry is lagging in this development. For the AEC industry to meet the challenges of the future, the development of a product modeling standard that enables project information's sharing, storing, and exchange is essential. In this research, therefore, authors have highlighted the standards for integration, and reviewed case studies on the standards for integration by literatures investigation and multiple research strategies. Based on these research strategies, consequently, authors propose best practices for using product modeling technologies, called by standards for integration in the AEC industry.


Detection and localization of single noise‐producing events comprising underwater arctic ice noise are difficult due to myriads of sound sources present. This paper describes a recent experience gained while processing data from several horizontally placed hydrophones, where it has been shown that source localization of relatively nearby events (5000–10 0000 m) is feasible under conditions favorable to individualization of single ice transients. Initial processing strives to isolate event ensembles comprised at most of a small number of concurrent events of magnitude well above background noise. The ensemble detector employed dynamically determines the ratio of short and long time base mean deviations. At a suitable adjustment of its time base parameters, a ratio of 10 to 20 ensures that this goal is achieved. Multichannel ensemble graphs are examined visually to select ensembles comprising the singular events required for time delay estimation and computation of source location. The procedure works well ...


Signs and Tools. For some time, we have resorted to this doublet to explain how culture becomes mind. The metaphor has been of great use, yet probably tools have received more attention than signs. The possibility of conceiving culture as a set of artifacts, handed down from generation to generation, is easier than conceiving culture as a set of signs. The notion of cultural tools has had a powerful effect on thinking about the development of mind and of mentalités. Signs themselves have often been translated into the language of tools to be used in solving the cognitive tasks at hand. There is a substantial difference between signs and tools, however. Signs involve meaning, and this leads us into difficult terrain. Working in this terrain, Jaan Valsiner has advanced our understanding of semiotic mediation, and particularly, of the role of signs in the individual construction of unique understandings. The text published in this issue offers intriguing insights for thinking through meaning in semiotic mediation. Valsiner pulls us towards a view of signs from the perspective of the individual. While I value this perspective, I can reflect upon it only by using a view from the perspective of culture, proper of a historical-anthropological conception of semiotic mediation. First, however, I will draw attention to some of the conceptual tools Valsiner offers us in this essay.


The paper introduces and develops a new technique for the design of HVDC control system, by representing the overall HV dc system by an approximate linear control system. From the frequency response of the uncompensated system the time constant of the controller is selected, and then based on the physical limitations the overall gain of the system is adjusted. The paper outlines the step-by-step method for the design of controller (inverse cosine method) by means of a digital computer. The selected control components are tested with the simplified digital models developed in a companion paper,8 and also with a more sophisticated program.1 The test results of the simple and detail program justify the development of the simple- program, and also the method of design for the control components.


BackgroundSeveral reports have shown good performance of fluorine-18 fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET-computed tomography (CT) for parathyroid localization, although overall evidence remains scarce. We collected data from three institutions in the Netherlands and investigated the performance of 18F-FCH PET-CT as a second-line imaging modality. Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective review of all patients at least 18 years who underwent 18F-FCH PET-CT for biochemically proven hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and inconclusive ultrasound and sestamibi scintigraphy. Acquisition of PET images was performed 30 min after the administration of 2 MBq/kg 18F-FCH, together with a low-dose CT. ResultsPET-CT scans were performed in 33 (75%) women and 11 (25%) men with a mean age of 58.9 (range 31–80 years). Three patients had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, one patient had tertiary HPT because of Alport syndrome and the remaining patients had sporadic primary HPT. 18F-FCH PET-CT was positive in 34/44 (77.3%) cases. Of the 35 abnormal glands resected in 33 patients, 18F-FCH PET-CT could successfully localize 33/35 (94.3%), with only one false-positive result [positive predictive value (PPV)=97.1%]. Comparison of the 10 patients with negative PET-CT with the 34 patients with positive PET-CT showed no significant differences in age, sex, ratio of preoperative calcium, use of cinacalcet, history of neck surgery, and concomitant multinodular goiter. ConclusionOur study shows excellent performance of 18F-FCH PET-CT in patients with HPT and inconclusive conventional imaging. Because of its favorable characteristics with high performance, prospective studies should be initiated to determine whether this new technique may replace conventional sestamibi scintigraphy as a first-line imaging modality.


By adopting STC12C5A60S2 as a system control unit,generating PWM signal by PCA timer to control horizontal and vertical steering gears on PTZ,we connect rotary encoder coaxial to steering,Timer 0 and Timer 1 of single chip count the pulses that generated by turnning rotary encoder in horizontal and vertical directions to determine the current point of view,in order to control the camera device in pod to monitor all-round.This paper describes hardware and software of the control module.Verified by actual tethered airship,this module can control PTZ camera to monitor full-ground under the control of ground station.


Sr2TiMnO6, a double perovskite associated with high degree of B-site cation disorder was investigated in detail for its structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Though x-ray powder diffraction analysis confirms its cubic structure, first order Raman scattering and infrared reflectivity spectra indicate a breaking of the local cubic symmetry. The magnetization study reveals an anomaly at 14 K owing to a ferrimagnetic/canted antiferromagneticlike ordering arising from local Mn-O-Mn clusters. Saturated M-H hysteresis loops obtained at 5 K also reflect the weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions present in the system and an approximate estimation of Mn3+/Mn4+ was done using the magnetization data for the samples sintered at different temperatures. The conductivity and dielectric behavior of this system has been investigated in a broad temperature range of 10 to 300 K. Intrinsic permittivity was obtained only below 100 K whereas giant permittivity due to conductivity and Maxwell-Wagner polarization was observed at higher temperatures. X-ray photoemission studies further confirmed the presence of mixed oxidation states of Mn and the valence band spectra analysis was carried out in detail. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. doi: 10.1063/1.3500369]


Background: Few studies have evaluated the risk of nevirapine (NVP)-associated hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected pregnant women with a CD4 count ≥250 cells/mm3. Methods: We enrolled HIV-infected pregnant Kenyan women who initiated triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 34 weeks gestation. We compared the rates of severe hepatotoxicity (grades 3–4 hepatotoxicity) and rash-associated hepatotoxicity (rash with ≥grade 2 hepatotoxicity) with NVP and nelfinavir (NFV), respectively. Results: We initiated triple ART in 522 pregnant women; severe hepatotoxicity and rash-associated hepatotoxicity occurred in 14 (3%) and 9 (2%) women, respectively. Women who initiated NVP had higher rates of severe hepatotoxicity (5% vs 1%; P = .03) and rash-associated hepatotoxicity (4% vs 0%; P = .003) when compared with NFV. Among women who initiated NVP (n = 254), a baseline CD4 count ≥250 cells/mm3 was not associated with severe hepatotoxicity (5% vs 3%; P = .52) or rash-associated hepatotoxicity (4% vs 3%; P = .69). Conclusion: Nevirapine use but not CD4 count ≥250 cells/mm3 was associated with hepatotoxicity.


Abstract : The mean-square pressure fluctuation at the walls of a duct containing inviscid nonequilibrium flow is derived for cases of exponential and delta function autocovariance function wall roughnesses for subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers. Solutions for two- and three-dimensional sinusoidal walls are also included. For the limiting cases of frozen and equilibrium flows, the random roughness wall solutions for the firstorder potential are given in terms of source and sink-like singularities, the strengths of which are proportional to the local wall slope, and may be taken as randomly distributed along the wall. The mean-square fluctuation quantities are show to be related to the autocovariance function of the first derivative of the wall roughness function. The dependence on the meansquare pressure fluctuation of certain statistical properties of the roughened wall is show to be factorable from the pressure fluctuation expression; this leads to an easily determined estimate of the influence of certain properties of the roughness on the pressure fluctuation. Numerical examples are given to indicate the application of the method. (Author)


The Influence of the Growth of the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Metroplex on Regional Precipitation Patterns. (August 2008) Anna Marie Nordfelt, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Steven M. Quiring Due to the effects urbanization has on land-use and land cover change (LULC), urban areas have a major influence on the environment. The strong coupling between the land and atmosphere can alter the microclimatology of cities and their surrounding regions. Previous research has shown that cities can influence regional precipitation patterns. This is a result of many factors such as: increased heating and lifting caused by the urban heat island effect (UHI), increased pollution and aerosols, alteration of land use/land cover (which includes surface albedo, presence or lack of vegetation, and surface roughness changes), and urban design (which leads to increased friction and convergence). This study analyzes temporal and regional changes in the precipitation patterns of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex as it has grown over the past century, and provides a methodology for testing urban influences on precipitation in other metropolitan areas. Precipitation from 1930 – 2007 was analyzed for the following three study regions: DFW (urban area), CRA (upwind control region), and CRB (downwind control region). By comparing early (1930 – 1950) and late period (1987 – 2007) precipitation within each region, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences


In this work, we develop a model for a gravity separator, and we use it together with models from the literature to study the control of a subsea separation system that separates oil, gas, and water from well fluids in hydrocarbon production. Our separation system contains a gravity separator, hydrocyclones, and compact flotation units. The main contributions of the paper are 2-fold. First, we present a coalescence based dynamic gravity separator model, which is able to predict oil concentration in the water outlet and water concentration in the oil outlet. Second, we study optimal operation of the overall separation system with an objective of maximizing water removal. We propose a simple control structure that operates the process close to optimally, by rejecting disturbances from upstream flows and maintaining a tight control of the quality of the purified water leaving the system.