In order to create a process safety culture, the engineers at Braskem's Utility Unit decided to organize a group that comprised operators and engineers to develop a preventive strategy for accidents and mishaps. This work was developed in a utility center integrated to Braskem Basic Petrochemical 1 Site in Brazil. The center produces clarified water, demineralized water, steam in different levels of pressure, compressed air, and electric energy to a petrochemical complex, including a 1,250,000 ton per year olefins site. As the process evolved, a large range of knowledge among engineers and operators was found. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 32: 22–24, 2013


This study approaches entrepreneurship from the angle that nothing is more common than the most personal (see Rogers 1989). This research is my interpretation of entrepreneurship and the objective is to discuss the nature and concept of entrepreneurship. When I present my personal interpretations of entrepreneurship, I hope that it touches as many as possible and so would be as prevailing as possible. But not so that my view is "The" definition of entrepreneurship, rather that it would arouse discussion and diverseness in entrepreneurship research and especially in the creation of new business activities amongst businesses, and would support the possible doubts and thoughts of others, which there no doubt is, and so would support the diversity that has prevailed in entrepreneurship research. I admire the work of many leading researchers of the field, through which they have been able to redirect entrepreneurship research, but I also suspect that something valuable is being thrown away. As the conception of entrepreneurship unifies, the questioning, recreating, alternativeness and the testing of new ideas decreases. Entrepreneurship researchers should perhaps perceive that this may be part of the field's evolution and that unity is on some time frame dangerous to the vitality of research. A need amongst researchers to reach equilibrium is interacting in the background, even though the phenomenon of research is usually seen as being continually out of balance – there is a significant conflict between the two.


The advantage and disadvantage of the common-used energy-consumption and feedback voltage equalization circuits for series-connected supercapacitors are analyzed.A new feedback equalization strategy based on flyback step-up converter is proposed,which has both simple structure and high efficiency.This strategy uses the voltage balance between the feedback branch and the series-connected supercapacitors to transfer energy and could achieve equaliza-tion when certain quantity of the supercapacitors reaches preset terminal voltage.The current feedback operation proce-dure is analyzed.The module of the strategy is built and the practicability of the strategy is proved.


Summary

Sulphonation of 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid and climination of the 1-amino-group from the product1 yields 2-hydroxy-3-carboxynaphthalene-6-sulphonic acid. The orientation of the sulphonic group was determined by conversion into the corresponding dihydroxynaphthoic acid, the dimethyl ether of which afforded 2: 6-dimethoxynaphthalene on decarboxylation.


In this article I shall examine how some recent work on equality has thrown light on the thorny issue of how equality relates to the recognition of difference. It has been argued that, whilst equality is a concept appropriate for dealing with matters of distributive justice, it is out of place in the discussion of other forms of injustice. Hence, the extent to which equality can function as an overarching normative concept is limited. In this article I shall cast doubt on these claims by examining Nancy Fraser's arguments on recognition and redistribution. Although Fraser initially claimed that equality was best limited to matters of distributive justice, her position has been softening. The way in which her arguments have recently changed is particularly interesting for those who wish to rehabilitate the idea of equality as an overarching normative concept, that can be mobilised in opposing a wide variety of forms of injustice.


On the basis of Cooperative Task Simulation Model(CTSM),this paper proposes a cognitive cooperation walkthrough inspection technology,and designs its walkthrough process algorithm.The first stage comparison experiment validates that the usability evaluation technology is suitable for cooperation software system at early design,and it achieves low cost and high efficiency.The number of evaluators is increased in the second-stage experiment.How the quantity and individual performance of evaluator affect the evaluations result is analyzed.The number of samples to gain the highest cost-effective ratio for general evaluation is suggested.


For the underground energy storage system in the region with strong groundwater seepage,a new offset load control mode was proposed based on a large-scale numerical model of multi-heat source.Applying the dual control of the load magnitude and the temperature potential,it was possible to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of the underground energy storage system and the energy consevation capability of the energy storage region.The analysis demonstrated that at the condition of same energy input,the offset step-load control mode is superior to the traditional ring-load control mode in the capacity of energy storage and conservation.The study on the offset dynamic energy storage intermittence showed,short intermittence is superior to long intermittence in the energy storage magnitude,the average temperature rise and the maximal temperature to enhance the energy storage,diffusion and conservation in the pipe burying region.


The problem of quantum particles storage in a nanolayered structures is considered. The system of a few electrons in 2D quantum waveguides coupled through a window is studied. We deal with two types of particle interactions: a δ-like and a Coulomb interaction. From the mathematical point of view the bound state of the system means the existence of the eigenvalues of the corresponding Hamiltonian. The multi-particle problem is treated in the framework of the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan approach by the finite element method. Lack of a disturbance leads to the absence of bound states. An N-particle bound state exists only if the disturbance is sufficiently large. For different N, we determine the corresponding minimal disturbance parameter which is sufficient for the existence of an N-particle bound state.


The control of color is a key element in the emerging area of scientific visualization. The fundamental problem of device-dependent color is described. Device-dependent color means that the displayed color depends primarily upon the characteristics of the display device. Different displays, even of the same manufacturer and model, will display the same input signal differently. The solution to the color consistency problem lies in the development and acceptance of a device-independent color space which defines the color objectively. Any device using the color space then translates the device-independent color into its own color space. The fidelity of the color is maintained through a calibration of the device such that the gamma and colorimetric characteristics of all devices are known. The TekColor device-independent color space is described in detail.<<ETX>>


Genome Structure
Beyond the sequence of the genome, its three-dimensional structure is important in regulating gene expression. To understand cell-to-cell variation, the structure needs to be understood at a single-cell level. Chromatin conformation capture methods have allowed characterization of genome structure in haploid cells. Now, Tan et al. report a method called Dip-C that allows them to reconstruct the genome structures of single diploid human cells. Their examination of different cell types highlights the tissue dependence of three-dimensional genome structures.

Science , this issue p. [924][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aat5641


This paper aims to provide new meanings on jihad in the Ḣadith. From many explanations of jihad, it is rarely found the study of jihad in the perspective of explanatory books of Ḣadith (sharḥ), which is actually the interpretation of the main Hadith books. This study employs the books of sharḥ in comparative framework, that is to compare the meanings of jihad presented in the book of Fatḥ al-Bari and Irshâd al-Sâri, which are considered as the most representative book to explain S{aḥiḥ al-Bukhâri. Based on reading those two books, it was found that jihad is not similar with war, and also does not only mean to fight unbelievers. Besides, it also means to fight against demons and lust in every single Muslim soul. The last meaning argues the incompatibility understanding of jihad as a war, as it is common in social perception. By tracking the socio-historical side, it is explained in both books that the law of jihad are farḍ 'ayn or farḍ kifâyah, which is based on the contextual situation.


This research was aimed to indicate how high school students use metaphors to think about math "functions". A total of 405 students were asked to complete the phrase, "Function is like..…. because……" Students were given sheets and asked to write their thoughts while focusing on one metaphor. The data from this research was analyzed through a content analysis method. The metaphors were determined, classified and categorized. A total of 149 valid metaphors were identified and classified under eight different categories. The research results indicated that more than half of the students think that function is a difficult concept, some students found the concepts of polynomial and function similar to each other, and some expressed that they found the subject of function easy and enjoyed solving problems related to functions.


Ideally, planning and managing the design and development of complex systems should: 1) consider the entire lifecycle (design, development, testing, integration, deployment, operation and decommissioning). 2) Take risk and reliability into account, as well as more traditional measures such as cost and performance, when making tradeoff decisions. A key enabler to all of the above is the ability to relate design and development choices to risk and reliability predictions. The challenge is that in many cases the number of design and development alternatives is large. In this context, the problem of relating reliability predictions to design and development choices is non-trivial. Over several years we have developed a risk-based model the hallmark of which is the explicit representation of risk mitigations as options. We describe how this model functions, and the major implications of making mitigation options first class objects within an (otherwise relatively simple) analysis model. We also describe elaborations to this model's representation of risks, notably by the incorporation of fault tree notions. These improve the fidelity of the designs we are able to represent, and also offer the ability to represent design alternatives within the same framework. Finally, we describe the connections we are building between our risk analysis tool and other risk tools


The invention discloses a sunshade decoration sheet and a mounting method thereof and relates to the technical field of construction engineering. The sunshade decoration sheet comprises an outer eave (1) and a sheet surface (2), wherein the outer eave (1) comprises a cross beam (3) which is horizontally arranged; an upper interface which extends upwards in the vertical direction and/or a lower interface extending downwards are formed in the cross beam (3); connecting beams (5) which are horizontally arranged are respectively arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the sheet surface (2); connecting ends which extend in the vertical direction are arranged on the connecting beams (5) and are matched with the upper interface and the lower interface; after the positions are adjusted, the connecting ends are fixedly connected with the upper interface and the lower interface through fasteners. According to the sunshade decoration sheet, the sheet surface and the outer eave are modularly designed; the sheet surface can be assembled in a workshop while the outer eave is erected on a construction site, so that the construction period is effectively shortened; the sheet surface and the outer eave are connected by the preserved interfaces, and thus the convenience in construction is realized and the efficiency is increased; the sheet surface is sealed and then is mounted, so that total sealing can be realized.


BACKGROUND:Epithelial cells have abnormal function in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the precise nature of these defects and whether they are a cause or consequence of the disease is unclear. We hypothesized that persistent exposure to external and/or internal environmental factors drives epithelial dysfunction in CD. We propose to test this hypothesis by determining whether an abnormal epithelial gene signature that we identified by RNA-seq analysis of CD resection tissue persists in epithelial cells grown in vitro (in the absence of environmental factors). METHODS:RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ileal tissue sections from the uninvolved proximal margins of ileo-colic surgical resection samples that met our histological inclusion criteria (CD: n = 38; non-IBD controls: n = 39). Primary human epithelial cell cultures were created from ileal biopsy samples collected during routine endoscopy procedures. Epithelial cell lines were maintained as 3-dimensional spheroids embedded in basement membrane matrix (Matrigel) and provided conditioned medium containing the critical intestinal stem cell growth factors Wnt3a, R-spondin 3 and Noggin. Cells were cultured for 24 hours in medium lacking these growth factors to promote enterocyte differentiation. RESULTS:RNA-seq data analysis identified a network of epithelial cell transcripts that were significantly downregulated in a large subset (∼75%) of CD patients compared to non-IBD controls. The epithelial gene signature contained 80 transcripts with disease-relevant functions, including cell adhesion and cellular trafficking. The expression of these transcripts was enhanced in cultured intestinal epithelial cells grown in conditions that promoted differentiation of enterocytes. To determine if persistent environmental exposures were required to maintain the epithelial gene signature, paired ileal biopsy samples were collected (n = 15 CD and n = 10 non-IBD controls), with 1 sample directly processed for RNA (exposures present) and the other sample used to establish a primary epithelial cell line (exposures absent). The Fluidigm platform, which can measure gene expression of 96 transcripts in 96 samples simultaneously, will be used to determine the presence of the epithelial gene signature in these samples. CONCLUSIONS:An intestinal epithelial cell-associated gene signature appears to be a common molecular feature in CD patients who underwent ileo-colic resection surgery. We have established primary human intestinal epithelial cell lines from CD patients and controls to determine the mechanistic basis for this gene signature. This study will inform the design of therapeutic approaches to restore epithelial cell function in CD patients.


African medical schools should adopt problem based oral examinations to test students' performance, says a new study. At present, African universities examine medical students using essays and short answer questions.

The …


BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis is not a rare disease in India and abroad. The
present study was undertaken to various clinical and radiological manifestations of the same.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total 100 patients admitted to SVS Medical college and hospital, Mahabubnagar between
September 2013 to September 2020 with a conrmed diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis were studied in this study.
Detailed clinical examination along with basic investigations including CT/MRI brain and MRV/CTV in all.
RESULTS: Headache and seizures are the most common ndings followed by paresis and fever. Alcohol addiction and tobacco
consumption were found to be present in 53 and 56% of cases followed by iron deciency in 45, hypertension in 35, pregnancy
related cases were only 18. Steroid abuse and hypothyroidism were noted in 18 and 16 instances while evidence of infection
was noted in a dozen patients. Cerebral imaging (CT/MRI) revealed venous infarction hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic in 67
patients and isolated CVT without infarction in 21 patients. Infarctions were unilateral in 56 patients. Superior Sagittal Sinus in
combination with other deep venous sinuses was seen in 54 percent of this study.
CONCLUSION: CVST presents in young and equal in frequency in males and females. Headache, seizures are more frequent
symptoms. Addiction with alcohol and tobacco are the more frequent risk factors followed by Iron deciency anemia and
hypertension. SSS was the most common site of venous sinus thrombosis.


This paper introduces an elasto-viscoplastic approach for the problem of a single laterally loaded pile in permafrost. The method requires the knowledge of a subgrade modulus k, a creep modulus kr, a yield strength qy, a displacement hardening parameter H* (for an ice-rich soil this amounts to a pure creep problem, thus qy and H* are reduced to zero), and creep parameters n, b, and γ. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is checked against the results of model pile tests that have been carried out at the Northern Engineering Centre of Ecole Polytechnique. Key words: pile, lateral load, laboratory testing, elasto-viscoplastic soil, transient creep law.


Abstract:This talk puts Herman Melville in dialogue with El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, the sixteenth-century chronicler of Inca history and the conquest of Peru, suggesting how particular knowledge of catastrophe has flowed from the Pacific to the Atlantic, from south to north, creating alternatives to the intellectual genealogies that have structured our sense of a Western tradition and celebrated Melville as one of its greatest literary heirs. Garcilaso's influence on the Enlightenment helps explain a convergence of ideas about catastrophe and geography in the eighteenth century that would become a structuring conceit of US-Americanness by the middle of the nineteenth: a supposed American immunity to earthquake. After examining Garcilaso's late sixteenth-century earthquake thinking, the essay considers how Melville—particularly in "The Town-Ho's Story," first narrated in Lima, Peru—explores an inherited geography of catastrophe and shakes its foundations with his own whale-earthquake of a novel, Moby-Dick.


Metal, N codoped nanoporous carbon (N–M–nC, M = Fe, Co) is prepared by in situ incorporation of the metal during the formation of the nanoporous carbon skeleton followed by NH3 treatment. The samples exhibit superior catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolytes. M, N codoping shows a synergic effect with improved ORR performance compared to the sample with only nitrogen dopant (N–nC), in the order of N–Fe–nC > N–Co–nC > N–nC, indicating that the M–N synergic effect is critical for high ORR performance in alkaline electrolyte. A detailed structural characterization of the catalysts is carried out, which suggests that the improved ORR performance should be attributed to the formation of active sites with M–N bonding. Other structural differences, including surface area, porosity and carbon structure, play a minor role. The performance of the N–Fe–nC sample is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, including more positive onset and halfwave potential, comparable saturation current density and a dominant four-electron pathway, which suggests that nanoporous carbon can serve as an ideal platform for developing high performance ORR catalysts via proper doping.


The Gudao vacuum residuum (GDVR) was hydrocracked in a 100 mL autoclave with crushed commercial Ni-Mo Catalyst within a temperature range of 390-420°C. The characteristics of series reaction remains obviously in the residuum hydrocracking. The relationship of coke yield and conversion for catalytic hydrocracking is different from thermal cracking and non-catalytic hydrocracking. The presence of catalyst and hydrogen can significantly inhibit the coking reaction, but simultaneously decreases the cracking rate to a certain extent. The apparent activation energy of residuum catalytic hydrocracking is close to that for thermal cracking, It can be derived that rate limiting step of the residuum catalytic hydrocracking is essentially thermal activation.


The method represents a generalization of existing static and dynamic superelement (substructure) algorithms. Natural frequencies and modal shapes of a fixed boundary substructure are used to obtain equations of motion of a superelement. An implicit time-stepping algorithm is presented for the numerical solution of a resulting superelement system of equations of motion. The method is believed to be effective for large-scale problems of structural analysis


This article represents modified model reference adaptive system (MRAS) method for speed sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), which can estimate rotor speed and position information. To suppress the adverse effect of parameter variation on control performance, the stator resistance and the permanent magnet flux linkage are estimated and continuously updated in reference and adjustable model. Then, proportional-integral (PI) controller parameters of speed adaptive law obtained by MRAS are optimized by gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. To get the smallest possible speed following error and reference current error, the objective function is designed with discretized rotor speed error and current error as variables. The simulation results show the better performance of rotor speed estimation is obtained with GWO algorithm.


2-Iminopyridine N-oxides (PymNox) constitute a promising class of ligands that can be considered as the neutral counterparts of the well-known salicylaldiminate system. A series of nickel PymNox complexes displaying different substitution patterns in the ligand have been synthesized, and their activity as ethylene polymerization catalysts has been studied. While an electron-donor group (OMe) at the remote position 4 of the pyridine ring causes a moderate decrease of the catalytic activity and increase of the polyethylene molecular weight, a strongly electron-withdrawing group (NO2) in this position shifts the catalyst selectivity from ethylene polymerization to oligomerization. The introduction of a phenyl substituent next to the pyridine nitrogen (position 6) causes a significant increase of the catalytic activity and the polymer molecular weight. Although aldimino PymNox catalysts are inactive in ethylene−methyl acrylate copolymerization, we observed that acetaldimino (displaying the Me-C═NAr group) cat...


Our age is called information age which shows the importance of any kind of data. Because of this one should protect their (digital) data to prevent unauthorized entities accessing them. Since the data being managed in a database can have a high value unauthorized entities may somehow find their way to gain unauthorized access to those data. In this paper I show a possible and low cost technical solution of such an attack which could be performed because of some malpractice of the managers of the database.


The calculation method of average fuel detained time in the furnace of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has been approached, The mutual relationship among three indices, namely average detained time, carbon content in bottom fly ash, and the fuel thickness, being analysed, and suitable fuel layer thickness being determined. Test results for many times show, it is comparatively suitable for selecting fuel layer thichness to be 350~500 mm in operation.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense, single stranded RNA virus, and is responsible for the pandemic outbreak called COVID-19. The pandemic, still ongoing, had presented unprecedented challenges in terms of finding appropriate pharmacological treatments.

Starting from the recent literature that demonstrates how ALKBH5 inhibitors could be used as a new strategy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication, we decided to repurpose our newly discovered ALKBH5 inhibitor MV1035, previously tested and proved effective against glioblastoma, for its putative antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated a reduction in SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE after 72 h incubation using MV1035 (50 µM), for SARS-CoV-2 wild type (Wuhan strain) and South African variant.

The results show how MV1035 seems to be able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication through an indirect mechanism of action, which might involve an interaction with the host cell rather than with a virus protein.

This may be particularly interesting as it lays the foundation for the rational design of molecules in principle not subject to drug resistance, as host cell proteins are not affected by virus mutations.


A four‐channel scintillation detector capable of measuring tritons, protons, and alphas escaping from a tokamak plasma was operated during the 1986 run period of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). Signals consistent with the expected 1‐MeV triton behavior have been observed during deuterium operation. Backgrounds associated with neutrons/gammas and soft x rays have been evaluated in situ and are shown to be at the ≊10%–20% level for the present detector. Such a detector is capable of measuring escaping alphas in deuterium‐tritium‐fueled tokamaks such as TFTR.


Provided is a method of manufacturing a multilayer body whereby the multilayer body is not prone to having a void remain in the boundary between a curved glass plate and an adhesive layer and the boundary between a curved resin plate and the adhesive layer, nor to having an air bubble remain within the adhesive layer. A method of manufacturing a multilayer body (50), which comprises a curved glass plate (52), a curved resin plate (54) which is curved along the shape of the curved glass plate (52), and an adhesive layer (14) which is sandwiched between the curved glass plate (52) and the curved resin plate (54), comprises: a forming step of heating a flat resin plate with the adhesive layer (14) attached and forming the flat resin plate into a curved shape, making a curved resin plate (54) with the adhesive layer (14) attached; and a bonding step of overlaying and bonding the curved glass plate (52) to the curved resin plate (54) with the adhesive layer (14) attached such that the adhesive layer (14) contacts the curved glass plate (52).


This paper comprises part of the work of the Enhancing Teaching-Learning Environments in Undergraduate Courses project (Project web site http://www.ed.ac.uk/etl). The emphasis is on the content of a course unit, and in particular on the effect that the choice of learning aids deployed affected students' attitudes to the course unit.


The aim of this work was to obtain Pb0.92(La0.08)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.98O3 materials co-doped with two different lanthanide ions (Ln3+) and characterization how they influence on the physical properties of prepared 8/65/35 PLZT: Ln3+ ceramics. As a co-dopant, praseodymium (Pr3+) and neodymium (Nd3+) ions were used at the concentration of 0.0 and 0.5 wt.% respectively. The ceramic powders of 8/65/35 PLZT, PLZT:Pr3+ as well PLZT:Nd3+ were synthesized by conventional ceramic route, from high purity raw oxide materials (>99,9%). All compositions of the ceramic samples were sintered via single time process at Ts=1200°C/3h, by the hot uniaxial pressing method. Performed measurements have shown dependence of used dopant on structure, microstructure, and dielectric as well optical properties of the fabricated 8/65/35 PLZT: Ln3+ materials.


The anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum has a mixed mating system, being able to either self or outcross. The infection success may be influenced by selfing or outcrossing. It will affect the amount and distribution of genetic variation within natural populations and, in particular, in this system, may explain the maintenance of common highly deleterious alleles linked to the mating‐type locus. Using artificial inoculations with two different mixtures of strains that have different identifiable genotypes on the host plant Silene latifolia, we estimate infection success and selfing propensity of this fungus. Fungal spores were placed in flowers, mimicking natural spore deposition by pollinators. Successful infection was found in 31.5% of inoculated plants, and infection success depended on the number of inoculations and host plant sex, females having a higher per‐contact risk but males a higher global probability of infection. Many host individuals were infected by more than one fungal genotype, and separate stems of the same plant were infected independently. We found 14.3% and 28.3% outcrossing events for the two mixtures of fungal strains, confirming that M. violaceum is predominantly selfing. Because we inoculated with spore mixtures, this predominant selfing did not result from a lack of available mating partners, which could further reduce outcrossing in nature. We suggest that selfing may largely result from intratetrad mating (=intrameiotic), and we estimated the intratetrad mating rate between 43.3% and 71.4%. This has important consequences for understanding the maintenance of haplolethal alleles in M. violaceum.


All cities are irregular patchwork quilts, stitched together by history, by policy decisions, by community initiatives. Delhi is representative of many Indian towns. A fragment of it enfolds the magnificent sixteenth-century garden-tomb of Humayun flanked by an expanse of green that served as a nursery a hundred years ago for plant and tree species to be used for British New Delhi, and by a quiet upper-class neighbourhood. Across a highway is an 800-year-old settlement around the shrine of Nizamuddin Auliya, Delhi's patron saint, visited by thousands throughout the year, and bordered by a vintage canal.


The gravity equation has been widely used in studying the determinants of bilateral trade flows. Despite their dubious theoretical foundations gravity models have been extremely successful empirically. All theoretical attempts to provide a formal justification for the gravity equation assume complete specialization in production. This leads to a misleading impression that complete specialization is a necessary condition for deriving the gravity equation. In this paper we demonstrate formally that the gravity equation can be derived also from a variety of incomplete specialization models based on both neoclassical and monopolistic competition assumptions. The common prediction that emerges from these models is that factor proportion variables, along with the country size variables, play a key role in determination of bilateral trade volumes, however, their impact is model specific. The neglect of these variables in empirical studies employing gravity equations derived from complete specialization models might result in estimates that suffer from the omitted variable bias if trading partners differ in terms of their relative factor endowments.


With China 's rapid economic development, energy is consumed in a large amount at the same time. It is difficult to achieve sustainable development in the long-term extensive use of energy. Changing the use of energy and developing new energy technologies can not only ease the current energy supply problem in China, but also contribute to the development of circular economy in china. The best path for new energy development is an important guarantee for the development of circular economy, through the use of new energy technologies to achieve sustainable development goals and improve the quality of circular economy, This paper combines the research and application of new energy technologies in the development of China's circular economy to find the problems in the development and use of new energy technologies: insufficient government policy support, lack of talents in the development of new energy technologies, and lack of research and development and innovation capabilities in new energy technologies. Practical solutions are proposed: perfecting policies and regulations, cultivating new energy technology talents through multiple channels, improving independent research and development and innovation capabilities, finding the best path for China's new energy development, accelerating the upgrade of new energy technologies and thus promoting China's development of a circular economy.


With the development of the country, the number of private car is increased rapidly, so as to the traffic problem. During the traffic jam, the bus-cluster phenomenon that the same number of bus always come together. In this article, the algorithm of the bus-cluster phenomenon has been proposed, the proposed algorithm uses the traffic jam model and the bus arrival time predict model, it analyzes the reason of the bus-cluster phenomenon and the relationship between traffic jam and people crowd, it can be used to predict the bus arrival time and plan the urban traffic to avoid the traffic jam.


Abstract The meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE) sector is one of the more rapidly growing market segments of Australian tourism. While demand for this form of tourism is increasing, there are several issues on the supply side which must be addressed. The paper identifies five key challenges relating to promoting cooperative behaviour among industry stakeholders, government support, infrastructure, training and service and marketing which must be met to maximise the scale and scope of these benefits. The paper discusses these issues in turn and assesses the implications for stakeholders in both the public and private sector. It concludes with some observations regarding the development of MICE tourism in Australia.


Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) without "worrisome features" (WFs) at the time of diagnosis, usually necessitate a lifetime surveillance. The routine follow-up in these cases comprises a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan every 6 months in the 1st year, then annually for the next 5 years. Since these parameters can also be evaluated with an abdominal ultrasound scan (AUS), we studied the safety, feasibility and economic impact of AUS follow-up, with a delayed use of MRI. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all patients who had been followed-up with AUS for the presence of "low risk" PCL. All of patients underwent to an AUS every 6 months for the 1st year and then, in case of stable disease, annually from the 2nd to the 5th year. A surveillance MRI scan was routinely executed every 2 years, or according to the presence of considerable modifications at AUS. We compared the two methods regarding sensitivity and specificity in identifying cysts variations. We also focused on a costs-analysis between the theoretical application of the international guidelines follow-up with MRI, and our follow-up strategy with AUS and delayed MRI. Results: Two hundred patients were followed-up with AUS between January 2012 and January 2016 for PCL. Mean follow-up period was 25.1±18.2 months. Surgery was required for 2 patients (1%), due to the appearance of WF at imaging [with concordance among ultrasonography (US) and MRI]. During the follow-up, AUS showed "low grade" modifications in 28 patients (14%), comprising main pancreatic duct dilatation <6 mm and increasing of the main cyst of about 0.5 cm, compared to previous examinations. In all of these cases MRI confirmed AUS findings, without adding more prognostic information. In only 11 patients (5.5%) a routine MRI identified an evolution of the lesions, not showed at AUS, but only related to an increased number of the PCL (P=0.14). Nevertheless, a MRI every 6 months would not have changed in any case the decisional process. The mean cost of surveillance for each patient, in a theoretical application of international guidelines with MRI at our group of patients, should have been 402€±273.7€, while according to our follow-up strategy it was 215.4€±212.6€ (P<0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with PCL without WF, AUS, could be a safe alternative to MRI, reducing the numbers of 2nd level examinations and therefore reducing costs. Long term safety of this approach should be validated on a longer follow-up period, with a larger series of patients and prospective studies.


Adjusting to the economic hardship after 2008 by tapping into international markets and business cooperation, North Macedonian cinema has maintained a steady focus on its cultural branding and world image. While the genre and thematic variety of documentaries and shorts testifies to the unceasing interest in and demand of cinematic self-expression, the few feature films produced each year display a rather safe balance between entertainment and national self-assertion. This chapter discusses several recent films which mediate the political and cultural currents in this liminal space through the categories of national-recollective, national-symbolic, and national-reflective to understand the multiple and merging national narratives.


Nasal obstruction is common in infancy, a problem which is compounded by the fact that infants tend to be obligatory nasal breathers. Most frequently such obstruction is associated with non-specific rhinitis, episodes of which are fortunately not usually severe, are of short duration, and respond to conservative measures such as instillation of saline or sodium bicarbonate solutions and aspiration of secretions. This latter manoeuvre is awkward at the best of times but is said to be made easier by using a small bulb syringe. Sometimes addition of topical decongestants is required to reduce mucosal oedema but use of these should be short term and intermittent and if persistent mucosal swelling is the problem, topic nasal steroids such as beclomethasone should be substituted. However, there are infants in whom obstruction is severe enough to present a difficult management problem, others in whom it is so persistent as to be a significant factor in failure to thrive, and the occasional infant in whom it is life threatening. Disorders that contribute to these states are discussed in this article.


A facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., also known as the common ice plant, has been attracting the attention of plant scientists for decades because of its unique carbon fi xation strategy and high tolerance towards salinity. The plant uses the C3 carbon fi xation system under normal growth conditions, however, photosynthesis by the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is induced in response to environmental stress such as high salinity, drought, temperature changes, and high irradiance. Induction of CAM is also seen in some developmental stages of the plant. When the carbon fi xation metabolism is shifted to CAM, CO2 is fi xed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) during the nocturnal period, resulting in the formation of oxaloacetate, which is subsequently converted to malate to be stored in vacuoles. As the period of light commences, the plant closes its stomata to avoid dehydration and removes CO2 from the malate in the cytosol, producing pyruvate as a byproduct. The released CO2 is then re-fi xed by Rubisco in the Calvin cycle and is incorporated into carbohydrates. These events follow the circadian rhythm . The induction of CAM also manifests as a range of morphological characteristics. A dwarf plant with dark green leaves is recognized as a typical CAM phenotype. In response to environmental stress, the plant is covered with bag-shaped ''bladder cells,'' where the excess absorbed salt is accumulated. Betacyanin, an indole-derived pigment found in some plants, is also stored in these bladder cells. Environmental stress factors that induce CAM also lead to the biosynthesis of pinitol (1-D-3-O-methyl chiro-inositol). Pinitol is a well-known compatible solute for plants, just like Original Article


Mesoporous nanoparticles functionalized with amino groups on the pore surface and quaternary ammonium groups on the particle surface with particle sizes of 500–800 nm in length and 300–500 nm in diameter and a pore size of 7.2–7.4 nm, have been obtained through a post-synthesis and co-condensation method. Bleomycin (BLM) has been chosen as a model anti-cancer drug with a large molecular size, and the iron essential for organisms has been utilized for constructing NH2–Fe–BLM coordination bond architecture in the pore surface. The BLM was released under mildly acidic pH conditions by cleavage of the Fe–BLM coordination bond triggered by pH reduction. Cell assays show that mesoporous nanoparticles have good dispersity and good cell penetrating properties due to the positively charged quaternary ammonium groups on the outer surface of the nanoparticles. These organic functionalized large pore mesoporous materials can be utilized as carriers in the pH-responsive delivery of an anti-cancer drug with a large molecular size, opening up new opportunities for their further application in controlled release of biomacromolecules.


The problem is considered of a discrete-time constant linear system whose characteristic polynomial is expressed in terms of an arbitrary basis of orthogonal polynomials. It is shown how the Jury-Marden tabular array can be generalized to determine the location of the zeros with respect to the unit circle, without conversion of the polynomial into power form.


Power quality defines the fitness of electric power to consumer devices i.e. Synchronization of the voltage frequency and phase allow electrical system to function without any significant loss in performance. In distribution system the distribution networks and sensitive industrial loads are suffering from different type of outage and interruption which can lead to loss in production and other measurable and non measurable factor. The factors that are affecting power quality are voltage sag, voltage variation, interruption, swells, brownout, distortions, Harmonic, noise, voltage spikes, voltage flicker etc. This causes some deviations in the power when compared with the normal standards. The above problems may overcome by using compensation devices (custom power devices) either compensate load i.e. correct its power factor, unbalance etc. or improve the quality of the supply voltage. In this project we are estimating all the power quality issues by different methods (FFT analysis Wavelets) & mitigating the issues by Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) DVR , SVPWM & multi level compensators, multi level DVR, statcom are done by matlab simulation.


The effects of surface contamination of the surface of Langmuir probes have been studied experimentally. These experiments were carried out in three different argon glow discharge tubes. One tube was designed to simulate conditions found in large plasma facilities used in engineering studies, while the other two were designed and prepared in accordance with high‐purity laboratory standards. In addition, the effect of a small amount of air on an argon plasma was investigated. The data are presented in the form of original probe traces taken on a two‐axis recorder. These data were used to construct curves of contamination versus time and of the logarithm of electron current versus probe voltage. It was found that sufficient contamination is present, even in relatively well‐prepared systems, to cause gross errors in probe measurements. The errors are found to be especially insidious in that the self‐consistency checks commonly used in Langmuir probe applications do not reveal the presence of contamination. I...


AbstrcatThis paper puts together electric power system professional course with computer multimedia technique, designs the TRECAI(Transformer Substation Running Emulating Computer Assisted Instruction).It integrates the electrical equipments,working principles,working process analysis,operation procedure of the various K5000V transformer system in some professional courses.At the same time, the development trend that reflect the training of modern electric power system is presented. And increase some new contents to make up the traditional professional course teaching.


PaxScan2520 flat-panel detector as a research object,this paper used multithreading programming techniques of VC+ +,combined with the characteristics of flat-panel detector,developed x-ray real-time imaging system based on PaxScan1313 flat-panel detector.Through experimental demonstration,the system achieves very good imaging effect,meets performance,stability and accuracy of x-real-time radiographic testing.


This Study Examined Whether Stereotypes Of Aging Might Contribute To Decisions The Elderly Make About When To Die. Old And Young Participants (N = 64) Were Subliminally Primed With Either Negative Or Positive Stereotypes Of Old Age And Then Responded To Hypothetical Medical Situations Involving Potentially Fatal Illnesses. Consistent With Our Prediction, the aged participants primed with negative stereotypes tended to refuse life-prolonged interventions, whereas the old participants primed with positive age stereotypes tended to accept the interventions. This priming effect did not emerge among the young participants for whom the stereotypes were less relevant. The results suggest that societally-transmitted negative stereotypes of aging can weaken elderly people's will to live.


Sustainable construction is a way to achieve environmental-friendly building design and construction. Construction activity has impact on the environment and users of naturally occurring and synthesized resources. The recent rise in environmental conscious design mandates the development of a new tool for pre-use stage decision-making in the materials and assemblies process. It is crucial in building life-cycle decision making, to integrate environmental issues in the evaluation process. The study developed an evaluation-tool to aid in the pre-use stage decision-making process of low cost housing projects by integrating sustainable construction principles into the materials and assemblies process. The study identified the decision making tool; then investigated the environmental awareness issues in sustainable materials and assemblies at pre-use stage; and finally, evaluated and compared the pre-use stage overall environmental impacts of a building life cycle. An explanatory sequential mixed method research design was adopted. 43.1% of 480 architects and designers in Abuja-Nigeria, through stratified random sampling participated in the survey. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics analysis, relative index analysis and Kendall's Concordance. The findings showed the need for a new materials and assemblies tool for environmental impact evaluation, and designers do have the knowledge and are concerned about environmental issues of sustainable materials and assemblies. Based on the findings, an evaluation system was developed. Two case studies of a traditional construction method (TCM) and a contemporary construction method (CCM) for low cost housing were chosen to test the system. Data were analysed using linear programming coupled with a process life cycle assessment (LCA) framework and international energy and carbon protocols. The findings showed that the environmental performance of the building life-cycle pre-use stage can be improved by up to 126% embodied energy and 165% embodied carbon emissions. Furthermore, it was much easier to compare the environmental performances of whole-building assemblies, instead of separate materials and elements that do not represent the performance of the function of a building. The study has shown that the evaluation system provides design guidelines and criterion to achieve environmental conscious design. Based on the findings from the evaluation system, a decision-making tool, the Optimum Life Cycle Assessment Performance (OLCAP) was developed. This tool can be used to guide local authorities, academicians and stakeholders to develop a structure for effective implementation of pre-use stage sustainable materials and assemblies. The tool developed was validated by the application of REVIT. Furthermore, the tool exposes the true environmental and economic sustainability in materials and assemblies with the help of simple multiplication and REVIT, which is readily available in the market. As a conclusion, OLCAP, the tool developed in this research can reduce the environmental impact of design and construction.


The field experiment was established from pre-grown alfalfa sprouts in 2008. In 2009 and 2010, the harvest was carried out. The yield and the root size system (RSS) were evaluated in the total of five cuts. Two localities of diverse soil and weather conditions were selected. Žabcice is a dry location with a highly permeable sandy soil layer, but at the same time, with a considerable fluctuation of the underground water level; Troubsko, on the other hand, represented a location with a higher content of clay in soil suitable for growing alfalfa. The trial was established in two types of plant spacing - 25 × 25 cm (16 plants per m2) and 50 × 50 cm (4 plants per m2). Two alfalfa varieties were used - Hodoninka (an old variety) and Oslava (a new variety). The following factors were evaluated by statistical means: location, variety, plant spacing, and cut number. The effect of location on the above ground phytomass and the RSS value proved highly statistically decisive. The higher average values of above ground phytomass as well as RSS were achieved on the Troubsko location where the above ground phytomass was 19.57 t.ha-1 and RSS was 2.71 nanofarad (nF). The impact of the variety was highly statistically significant only in respect to RSS. The effect of variety on the alfalfa above ground phytomass was not proven. The higher average RSS values were reached by the Hodoninka variety (2.59 nF). The effect of the plant spacing on both the above ground phytomass and the RSS values was highly statistically significant. The higher average above ground phytomass was achieved when the 25 × 25 cm plant spacing was employed (18.64 t.ha-1). As for the RSS value, the case was exactly opposite - the higher average value was reached when the plant spacing was 50 × 50 cm (2.99 nF). The impact of the cut number on both the above ground phytomass and the RSS was highly statistically significant. The highest average above ground phytomass and root system size were measured in the third cut. The above ground phytomass was 30.36 t.ha-1 and RSS was 3.86 nF.


Dental caries has been one of the most widely studied diseases of mankind, but it was not until 1954 that Orland, Blayney, Harrison, Reyniers, Trexler, Wagner, Gordon, and Luckey' using germ-free rats maintained on a cariogenic diet provided unequivocal evidence that experimental caries does not occur in the absence of micro-organisms. In carefully controlled experiments these workers demonstrated that, whereas conventional rats in a normal environment developed extensive caries, germ-free rats maintained on the same cariogenic diet remained caries-free. Shortly afterward Orland, Blayney, Harrison, Reyniers, Trexler, Ervin, Gordon, and Wagner2 reported the production of dental caries in gnotobiotic* rats infected with combinations of an enterococcus and a proteolytic bacillus or an enterococcus and an anaerobic pleomorphic bacterium. In the present study we have confirmed and extended the basic observations of Orland et al.,1 2 using a different cariogenic diet and a single infecting organism.


Based on the analysis of the present conditions of social sports instructors, this paper detected some problems in their work and will offer some references for the relevant decision-making departments.


This article discusses one institution's experience with a one-year, accelerated second-degree program and the role such programs play as part of a solution to the current nursing shortage.


Objective: Airway endoscopy is often performed in older and developmentally normal children to rule out laryngeal sources of orpharyngeal dysphagia. This study examines whether office-based flexible laryngoscopy (FL) can accurately identify laryngeal factors involved in dysphagia. Method: Nine-year retrospective chart review of children >2 years old who underwent microscopic laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy (MLB) at a tertiary pediatric hospital. FL documentation was reviewed, and the findings were compared to MLB results. Children who did not undergo FL prior to MLB were excluded. Results: From the 763 records reviewed, 59 children over the age of 2 years underwent FL in clinic followed by MLB under anesthesia (M = 36, F = 23, mean age = 5.05 years, median age = 3 years). Diagnoses in clinic prior to MLB included oropharyngeal dysphagia (41%), chronic respiratory symptoms (ie, asthma, stridor, chronic cough; 37%), obstructive sleep apnea (25%), hoarseness (14%), and hemoptysis (2%). No patient was found to have a laryngeal cleft on either FL or MLB. However, laryngomalacia, airway erythema/edema, and subglottic stenosis were the most common laryngeal findings on FL (27%, 25%, 22%) and MLB (25%, 27%, 25%), respectively. Conclusion: Flexible laryngoscopy may be sufficient to rule out laryngeal cleft in older children with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Similarly, laryngomalacia, laryngeal edema, and subglottic stenosis are accurately diagnosed by FL when compared to MLB in children.


In this preliminary work, we report about porous silicon (PSi) non-symmetric optical microcavities as transducers modified by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) of N,N'-1H,1H-perfluorobutyldicyanoperylene-carboxydi-imide (PDIF-CN2), an electrically conductive organic material. PSi is a very effective optical transducer, due to its sponge-like morphology, but not a very good electrical one. Joule evaporation of PDIF-CN2 could improve electrical conductivity of PSi transducer, making the device a dual signal sensor.


This paper reviews the antecedents and consequences of population aging the data on mortality and morbidity among those 65 years of age and over and the need for greater application of epidemiologic skills in this field. The demographic process of population aging derives from changes in both fertility and mortality. In 1980 the proportion of the population over 60 years of age was 15% in the worlds more developed regions and only 6.2% in less developed regions. The proportion of older persons is expected to increase in all regions until at least 2020. Not only are populations getting older but the old themselves are living longer and mortality at the higher ages is falling. In the more developed countries 75% of deaths over age 65 years are attributable to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Measures of morbidity subjective health limited activity use of services and index of activities of daily living have not been sufficiently developed to derive an overall index of health of the aged. Although the majority of diseases and impairments of old age cannot at this point be prevented there is a need to study the epidemiology of these conditions and to measure the risk factors. Epidemiology could play an essential role in the planning and evaluation of services if the amount of health care and social support needed to achieve some acceptable minimum quality of life and preservation of autonomy could be computed. It is concluded that the needs of the elderly are so complex they require the scientific base that can come only from the holistic and unifying approach of the epidemiologist.


Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid plant-derived compound with potent antisteatotic, anticytolitic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, anticholestatic as well as antiapoptotic, antineoplastic and some other effects. Recent studies have demonstrated glycyrrhizinic acid to form supramolecular self-associates and micelles, which makes it a pharmacokinetic, and, hence, a pharmacodynamic enhancer. Thus, the prospects and possibilities of combined use of glycyrrhizinic acid in liver disease and other pathologies arise due to the pharmacological properties of the molecule itself as well as its function as drug carrier and delivery enhancer. The present review is focused on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of glycyrrhizinic acid combinations with essential phospholipids and ursodeoxycholic acid.


Building on political culture, minority politics and public opinion literatures, this paper examines whether community context influences individual gay rights opinion above and beyond its effect on individual characteristics. Existing studies of public opinion on gay rights have largely focused on the individual demographic, political, and social characteristics predicting support, as well as the role of media and elite behavior in opinion formation. What is missing from existing work is a more thorough examination of the role of state context on gay rights public opinion. Using a multi-level analysis of the 2004 National Annenberg Election Study supplemented with state-level contextual variables, this study begins to address how context affects opinion on same-sex relationship recognition, finding significant relationships between opinion and key contextual variables after accounting for important individual level predictors.


Author suggested separating movable and immovable objects of cultural heritage. In this article the line held between them. Also author suggested definition of movable and immovable objects of cultural heritage


Many of the tasks that are performed with objects in a virtual environment, such as collision detection, rendering, and visibility culling, are based on the geometric structure of the objects. These operations are most efficient when the objects are represented with well-balanced trees of hierarchical components that reflect the geometric structure of the object at resolution levels appropriate for the particular task. This paper presents a framework for automatically generating hierarchical 2D object representations specialized for geometric tasks. The approach first constructs a multi-resolution representation that encapsulates the salient geometric features of an object, as well as its topological decomposition into parts. The main components of the representation are a Cell-Based Representation that provides spatial filtering at the desired feature resolution, and an Axial Shape Graph that captures local shape information as well as global information about the overall geometric structure of the object. Using the Axial Shape Graph, the task of shape decomposition is reduced to a graph partitioning problem whose solution results in a well-balanced part hierarchy. We show that this structure can be utilized to generate hierarchical representations specialized for the task of Collision Detection in 2D environments.


Objective To study the clinical effects of complete overdenture on mandibular with magnetic attachment. Methods Twenty-one patients were treated with Magfit EX600 retained mandibular complete overdentures. The retention and masticatory efficiency of patients wearing mandibular complete overdentures were periodically observed for 12 months,and measured the chewing efficiency with the absorbency and weighing methods. Results After the solid magnetic attached,the retention and masticatory efficiency of the dentures with magnetic attachment improved obviously. All patients were satisfied with the comfortable and stability. Conclusion Mandibular overdentures supported by magnetic attachment can be used to improve the masticatory efficiency and retention.


The pulsed deflection is a sort of the deflection way that is different from the scanning deflection or DC deflection.It can make the deflection coil of CRT work in the pulsed static deflection state during the spot measurement,and moreover it directs the spot under the shadow mask to make micro-stepping by PC controlling for reconstructing a misshapen spot into an intact spot.The spot reconstruction is a course of the data collection and the image process with high speed.Its important way is to apply Block-Connection method to reconstruct the original spot image at real time by means of the collected image data of multiple-frame misshapen spot,and the aim for that is to calculate the spot size and analyze the spot quality.


Abstract : We are developing new energetic structures expected to have superior insensitivity characteristics and superior performance characteristics relative to currently used insensitive high explosives. The chemical structures proposed herein are a series of zero- to low-hydrogen-content, polynitro, polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds based on novel nitrogenous heterocycles. By analogy to other nitrated nitrogenous heterocycles, which have been discovered to exhibit superior insensitivity properties, the proposed derivatives are predicted to have similarly attractive stability characteristics. The new compounds are expected to be high-density materials with explosive yields comparable to or better than hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) but with high melting points, comparable or better shock sensitivity, and significantly better thermal stabilities. This project is being conducted as a collaboration, via a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), with Pacific Scientific Energetic Materials Co., Chandler, AZ, which provides independent funding for its comparable contribution to this effort.


Stocks are a financial product with high risk but high reward and flexible trading that many investors prefer. If an investor can accurately predict the price of a stock, he or she will be rewarded handsomely. Stock prices, on the other hand, are influenced by a variety of factors, including macroeconomic conditions, market conditions, major socioeconomic events, investor preferences, and company business decisions. As a result, stock price forecasting has become the focus and difficulty of research in a variety of fields. Stock price prediction entails gathering news and commentaries, analyzing historical data, and determining the impact of news events on investor sentiment and stock price trends. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the application of text mining in the stock market, including commonly used text mining and prediction models, as well as to highlight problems in the field and suggest some future directions for improvement or research. Finally, many unresolved issues are raised in order to contribute to future research in this area.


Objective
To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning management on the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and Cx43 in a rat abdominal skin flap model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods
Eighteen male adult SD rats, weight ranged from 220-250 g, were randomly divided into three groups: sham group (SH), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR) and hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning group (HBO). All the rats in HBO group received hyperbaric oxygen treatment twice each day, apart 12 hours, during the last three days before operation. Abdominal skin flap with superficial epigastric artery as pedicle was established. In HBO and IR group, 3 hours of ischemia was performed. On the 3rd postoperative day, samples were taken to assess the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and Cx43 by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.

Results
Compared with IR group, the expression of Cx43 was significantly increased (IR 15.03±3.66; HBO 36.01±4.12) and the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was decreased (MMP-2: IR 12.01±1.23; HBO 5.98±1.48; MMP9: IR 16.77±2.01; HBO 11.48±1.77).

Conclusions
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning for the rat abdominal skin flap model of ischemia-reperfusion injury has inhibitory effect on the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2, and stimulative effect on the expression of Cx43.

Key words:
Hyperbaric oxygen; Preconditioning; Skin flap; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; MMP-2; MMP-9; Cx43


This makes a great pulled-pork dish. The blend of Mexican spices goes so well with pork. Served on bun or in a torilla, you can have an easy dinner in no time flat.


The television commercial This article' argues that a little unreality in language learning may be no bad thing. Specifically, it suggests why and how learners might respond positively to language practice based on television advertisements of the 'fantasy' type. It considers how the form and content that reflect the advertisers' original purpose help to make 'fantasy' adverts appropriate and accessible as input to language practice with learners at a wide range of levels of English proficiency.


Ann Bradshaw reflects on inconsistency between the Francis report and recommendations from the nursing profession, suggesting ways to restore nursing's standing after the Mid Staffs inquiry


We unpack the recognition of finance leases in the records of the lessee with specific emphasis on the treatment of interest accrued in the financial statements, and seek to address the question of whether the finance costs, in particular the accrued finance costs, at the reporting date should be included as part of the finance lease creditor or as a separate liability (part of accrued expenses).


Background: Renal impairment commonly occurs after liver transplantation (LT).The risk is high in cases of pre-transplant kidney failure, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and intra-operative or post-operative hypotension. In this study, we would like to point out the etiological profile of renal impairment in the setting of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in Egypt. Materials and Methods: 200 patients who underwent LDLT from the beginning of 2009 till June 2014 at the liver transplantation unit of Ain Shams Center for Organ Transplant (ASCOT) were included retrospectively in addition to 53 patients who underwent LDLT starting from June 2014 till June 2015 were included prospectively with post-operative one year follow up. All pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative variables were analyzed and reported. Results: 57% of patients had acute kidney injury (AKI) post-transplantation. Low pre-operative GFR, HCV infection, intra-operative hypotension and post-operative use of cyclosporine significantly increased development of AKI post-operative. The 5 year cumulative incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) post-transplantation was 10.4 % of all transplanted cases. Pre-operative HCV-nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and low GFR significantly increased CKD development post-operative. Conclusion: AKI is common occurring in about 57% of transplanted patients. CKD increases with time after LDLT. In patients who developed both AKI and CKD, low pre-operative GFR and cyclosporine use post-operative were the significant risk factors for CKD development.


Increased fuel costs, heightened environmental protection requirements, and noise abatement continue to place drag reduction at the forefront of aerospace research priorities. Unfortunately, shortfalls still exist in the fundamental understanding of boundary-layer airflow over aerodynamic surfaces, especially regarding drag arising from skin friction. For example, there is insufficient availability of instrumentation to adequately characterize complex flows with strong pressure gradients, heat transfer, wall mass flux, three-dimensionality, separation, shock waves, and transient phenomena. One example is the acoustic liner efficacy on aircraft engine nacelle walls. Active measurement of shear stress in boundary layer airflow would enable a better understanding of how aircraft structure and flight dynamics affect skin friction. Current shear stress measurement techniques suffer from reliability, complexity, and airflow disruption, thereby compromising resultant shear stress data. The state-of-the-art for shear stress sensing uses indirect or direct measurement techniques. Indirect measurements (e.g., hot-wire, heat flux gages, oil interferometry, laser Doppler anemometry, small scale pressure drag surfaces, i.e., fences) require intricate knowledge of the studied flow, restrictive instrument arrangements, large surface areas, flow disruption, or seeding material; with smaller, higher bandwidth probes under development. Direct measurements involve strain displacement of a sensor element and require no prior knowledge of the flow. Unfortunately, conventional "floating" recessed components for direct measurements are mm to cm in size. Whispering gallery mode devices and Fiber Bragg Gratings are examples of recent additions to this type of sensor with much smaller (m) sensor components. Direct detection techniques are often single point measurements and difficult to calibrate and implement in wind tunnel experiments. In addition, the wiring, packaging, and installation of delicate micro-electromechanical devices impede the use of most direct shear sensors. Similarly, the cavity required for sensing element displacement is sensitive to particulate obstruction. This work was focused on developing a shear stress sensor for use in subsonic wind tunnel test facilities applicable to an array of test configurations. The non-displacement shear sensors described here have minimal packaging requirements resulting in minimal or no disturbance of boundary layer flow. Compared to previous concepts, device installation could be simple with reduced cost and down-time. The novelty lies in the creation of low profile (nanoscale to 100 m) micropost arrays that stay within the viscous sub-layer of the airflow. Aerodynamic forces, which are related to the surface shear stress, cause post deflection and optical property changes. Ultimately, a reliable, accurate shear stress sensor that does not disrupt the airflow has the potential to provide high value data for flow physics researchers, aerodynamicists, and aircraft manufacturers leading to greater flight efficiency arising from more in-depth knowledge on how aircraft design impacts near surface properties.


In order to research and exploit apple seed resource,the main nutritional ingredients and physicochemical parameter of apple seed and oil were analyzed.The apple seed contains 27. 7 % oil,in which the content of unsaturated fatty acid is over 89. 33%,34. 0% protein,10. 2% moisture and trace elements.The physicochemical parameters of the oil are as follows:n~(20) 1. 4734, d_4~(20) 0. 9219,Ⅳ 129. 3 gI/100 g,SV 186. 5 mgKOH/g.The results indicate that there are rich nutritional ingredients in the apple seed,which have wide prospect in the field of food.


Bronze especially tin-bronze is most used as base material in making of music instrument such as bell, gamelan and others music instrument. In making of gamelan product, tin-bronze which is alloying between cooper and tin are cast, forged, harmonized and finished finally. Production process and composition are important thing should be noticed. Composition to be used by craftsman is very various depend on customary. In this research, the problem to be investigated is how much the hardness change and fracture toughness due to variation of deformation level. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of deformation level on the hardness and fracture toughness of gamelan base material, so that is hoped can yield bronze good quality as gamelan base material. At melting process of specimen, bronze is made with composition 77,5%Cu – 22,5% Sn according to craftsman composition used. The levels of specimen deformation are 5%, 10%, and 15%. Before forging process, specimens are given heat treatment with temperature 800oC during 30 minutes. Measurement of material hardness use of Vickers Method and fracture toughness test use of Three Point Bending (ASTM E 399-90) model. The result of research shows that t, the higher hardness and fracture toughness to be obtained.


Chemistry 121, a first-year undergraduate introductory chemistry course for non-science majors has been redesigned under the sponsorship of the Maryland Collaborative for Teacher Preparation to improve the pre-service preparation of science and mathematics teachers for grades 5-8. A constructivist approach guided the redevelopment efforts. The most significant ways in which the new Chemistry 121 differs from the previous version are summarized.


Organic matter, particularly humic substances and lipids, play an important role in soil processes (Stevenson, 1982). Previous studies have shown that lipid fraction from soil contains complex, macromolecular lipids which resemble a protokerogen (Ambles et al., 1991). The reversible incorporation of organic molecules in macromolecular lipids by ester groups was clearly demonstrated (Amblbs et al., 1994). Main of our results suggest that such a tranfer may also occur in humic substances. Moreover, these biomacromolecules can partly escape biodegradation and fossilizate after deposition in aquatic or hydromorphous environments. As a matter of fact, a close relationship could be established with sedimentary organic matter. Despite their geochemical importance, the structure of soil macromolecules remains largely unknown due to their heterogeneity and extreme complexity which render structural information often difficult and controversial. Different analytical techniques must be complementarily used to avoid misinterpretations in structural determination. In this work, the structure of macromolecular lipids, humic acids and insoluble humin present in an acidic anmoor soil sample (dystric histosol) from Plateau de Millevaches (France), where organic matter is accumulating, was studied using selective chemical degradations, pyrolysis and a new preparative TMAH thermochemolysis technique. The original soil sample contained 56% of total organic matter (TOM), based on oven-dried soil. Lipids contributed to 5% of TOM of the samples, fulvic acids to 21% and humic acids to 17%. The most important organic fraction was humin corresponding to 57% of TOM. Complex macromolecular lipids corresponded to 12% of lipids (0.6% of TOM). Hydrolysis of humin and humic acids. Stepwise hydrolysis was applied using a toluene solution of 18-Crown-6/KOH complex. A large part (87%) of the initially insoluble humin became soluble after a first series of hydrolyses. The soluble high molecularweight products thus obtained were still reactive when submitted again to the same conditions (2nd series of hydrolyses). Humic acids showed a lower reactivity. Linear dicarboxylic acids were produced in significant amounts from humin, they were short (mainly C9) in the first series and long even C16-C28 members of plant origin in the second one. Linear C12-C32 monocarboxylic acids and alkanols were freed from humin and humic acids. The short linear fatty acids and alkanols accompanied with isoand anteiso-C15 and C17 members denote a bacterial input while long even components, as well as various aromatic acids, originate from plant. Alkanols appeared as important hydrolysis products from both samples, mainly freed during the first series of experiments in the case of humin. They are C12-C30 n-alkanols with dominant C16, ClS, C20, C22, C24 and C26 members giving evidence for an important bacterial input. The identification of the iso C15 member confirms such a contribution. However, the source of the dominant n-C22 alkanol observed in humin and humic acids is not well explained. The results indicate that esterified aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are implicated in the reticulation of macromolecular chains corresponding to the matrix of humin. The matrix of humin and humic acids is substituted by alkyl chains which correspond to esterified fatty acids and alcohols, and by aromatic acids. These moieties are acting as monosubstituents. It is interesting to note that this model presents a high resemblance with the kerogen of many immature sediments. Thermochemolysis of humin and humic acids. Humic acids and humin were also investigated in their ester and ether groups using a new preparative TMAH thermochemolysis technique which allows the treatment of high quantity of product (~2g). Preparative TMAH thermochemolysis of humin and humic acids yields various hydrocarbons (alkene/ alkane doublets, sterenes, hopenes and hopanes), methyl esters of linear and branched fatty acids, linear dicarboxylic acids, oJ-methoxy fatty acids and 1-methoxyalkanes. In both samples, hydrocarbon distributions are dominated by classical pyrolytic series of Cls to C37 n-alk-l-ene/n-alkane doublets. Various steroids and triterpenoids, C27, C29 A-2 sterenes, C29 stera-


A method of incorporating macroscopic and microscopic reflectance models into hyperspectral pixel unmixing is presented and discussed. A vast majority of hyperspectral unmixing methods rely on the linear mixture model to describe pixel spectra resulting from mixtures of endmembers. Methods exist to unmix hyperspectral pixels using nonlinear models, but rely on severely limiting assumptions or estimations of the nonlinearity. This paper will present a hyperspectral pixel unmixing method that utilizes the bidirectional reflectance distribution function to model microscopic mixtures. Using this model, along with the linear mixture model to incorporate macroscopic mixtures, this method is able to accurately unmix hyperspectral images composed of both macroscopic and microscopic mixtures. The mixtures are estimated directly from the hyperspectral data without the need for a priori knowledge of the mixture types. Results are presented using synthetic datasets, of macroscopic and microscopic mixtures, to demonstrate the increased accuracy in unmixing using this new physics-based method over linear methods. In addition, results are presented using a well-known laboratory dataset. Using these results, and other published results from this dataset, increased accuracy in unmixing over other nonlinear methods is shown.


Even though the Zachman Framework is a highly referenced framework for enterprise architecture (EA), there is still a lack of adoption by EA practitioners. Some of the factors that contribute towards this lack of adoption is the absence of accepted methodologies for adopting the Zachman Framework as an EA approach, as well as the lack of CASE tools supporting the practical use of the framework. In this paper we present the results of an investigation into methodological support when using UML together with the Zachman Framework for EA modeling. From this methodological study, we established evaluation criteria for tools that claim to support the Zachman Framework. We furthermore used these criteria to evaluate three popular CASE tools that claim to support the Zachman Framework. We focus specifically on the evaluation of the CASE tools' ability to assist a modeler with populating the cells of the Zachman Framework according to Zachman's criteria when using UML as a modeling notation.


The study was carried out in Isabela, Philippines. The survey instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire. Information was collected from the factors affecting productivity and technical efficiency of irrigated and rainfed rice farmers. The data were analyzed with the use of stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function. The parameters of the function were estimated by maximum likelihood method using computer program frontier version 4.1. Results indicated that factors greatly influenced rice yield were cost of farming services and seeds used (HYM); application of fertilizers, farm services and seed used (MYM); and cost of farm services (LYM) in irrigated farmers. On rainfed, cost of farm services and quantity of seeds (HYM), farm services (MYM) and land area, quantity of fertilizer applied, cost of pesticides and farm services (LYM). Both ecosystem rice farmers were found with technical inefficiencies in utilizing their know-how and resources. Rainfed rice farmers had shown with greater technical inefficiencies and lower return to scale in rice production as compared to irrigated rice farmers. The pressing problems were insufficient financial, calamities, and soil and irrigation/water management. More capability building, technical, financial, infrastructure, and organization's strengthening were recommended to improve productivity and technical efficiency of rice farmers both


This invention relates to a method of foam production ELASTOMERIC SILICON LOW DENSITY. In this method MIX POLIDIORGANOXILOXANOS Hydroxyl-terminated or vinyl terminated OR BOTH MIXES WITH WATER FOR SILICON DIFRURO REACT WITH IN THE PRESENCE OF A PLATINUM CATALYST FOR HYDROGEN GAS RELEASE AND CREATE A foam hardens into a solid foam. THE COMBINATION OF INGREDIENTS ALLOW FOAM MANUFACTURING SILICON SOLID COMBINATION WITH DIFFERENT PROPERTIES those obtained by previous methods. Embodiments of this invention also PROESPUMANTES TARGETED AND ALCOHOL USE SPECIFIC TO MODIFY further PPROPIEDADES of solid foams produced. The method of this invention produces a SILICONE ELASTOMERIC FOAM LOW DENSITY, LOW cost, with physical properties that allow use in applications Cushioning AND SEALED.


When analyzing time series an important issue is to decide whether the time series is stationary or nonstationary. Fixed sample statistical tests for that problem are well studies in the literature. In this paper we propose a moving variance ratio statistic to monitor the stationarity for normal sequence. Our Monte Carlo studies show that the proposed monitoring procedure has satisfactory test power and that the decision can often be made very early.


The existence of and the relative mobilities of myoglobin (Mb) in both the heart muscles and the lateral line red muscles of rainbow and cutthroat trout and in the heart muscles of 5 species of Pacific salmon have been demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis. Of the salmon, the pink alone has significant amounts of Mb in the lateral line red muscle. All salmonid species examined here exhibited only a single Mb component except for the coho which revealed two components. Mb was isolated from the heart muscles of sockeye, coho, and chinook in yields of 62, 27, and 21mg respectively per 100g wet weight of tissue. The absorption spectra of 5 deriva-tives prepared from the Mb's isolated from the 3 species of salmon were hardly distinguishable from those of other piscine Mb's. The oxygen affinity curves of Mb's from the 3 species of salmon were affected only slightly by pH in the range of 6-8. At pH 7.0 and 15°C, the oxygen pressure at half saturation was measured to be 0.8, 1.1, and 1.8 mmHg for Mb's from coho, chinook, and sockeye respectively. The oxygen affinity of chinook Mb was to some extent in-creased by copper sulfate and slightly decreased by both 2, 3-diphosphoglyceric acid and ATP.


Abstract An unbiased estimator and a Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) for the correlation coefficient are proposed. The SPRT reduces to the SPRT for a binomial parameter. A comparison is made of the proposed test with those of Kowalski [4] and Choi [1].


It is well-known that some nonlinear phenomena such as strong photon blockade are hard to be observed in optomechanical system with current experimental technology. Here, we present a coherent feedback control strategy in which a linear cavity is coherently controlled by an optomechanical controller in a feedback manner. The coherent feedback loop transfers and enhances quantum nonlinearity from the controller to the controlled cavity, which makes it possible to observe strong nonlinear effects in either linear cavity or optomechanical cavity. More interestingly, we find that the strong photon blockade under single-photon optomechanical weak coupling condition could be observed in the quantum regime. Additionally, the coherent feedback loop leads to two-photon and multiphoton tunnelings for the controlled linear cavity, which are also typical quantum nonlinear phenomenon. We hope that our work can give new perspectives in engineering nonlinear quantum phenomena.


background: Tooth fragment re-attachment represents an important technique in restoring fractured anterior teeth. The esthetic appearance and the strength of the final restoration is dependent partly on correct hydration of the fragment. aim: Evaluate and compare the effect of different storage media of the tooth fragments on the color matching of the re-attached segment with the original tooth structure, on fracture resistance of re-attached teeth and on the mode of failure of re-attached fragments after one day, one week and two weeks storing time. design: A total number of 144 permanent incisor teeth were used. The fracturing procedure was done by a blunt chisel and hammer. The fractured fragments were then stored in appropriate storage media (dry, tap water, full humidity and milk) for one day, one week and two weeks. As scheduled, the fragments were re-attached using a flowable composite. After re-attachment of the fragments, standard photographs were captured for all teeth. Then, the photographs were assessed and the results were presented as percentages. All samples were subjected to fracture resistance test using a universal testing machine. The force required to fracture each tooth was recorded in Newton (N) and the data were collected and statistically analysed. The fractured edges of the teeth and fragments were examined under a stereomicroscope and the results were tabulated. results: Fragments stored in dry environment demonstrated the highest color disharmony results even if the fragment kept for one day. One day fragment storing in milk and water was found to be with significantly higher fracture resistance than one and two weeks storing (P< 0.001). No significant differences were detected between the different media in one and two weeks storing. The mode of failure revealed the adhesive mode of fracture at the re-attachment line in all groups. conclusion: Hydration and dryness avoidance are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of the original aesthetic appearance of the tooth. Keeping the tooth fragment wet in milk or water for one day yields the highest fracture resistance. (1610) Abeer M. Abdellatif, et al. E.D.J. Vol. 62, No. 2


In the global era where infinite competition is intensifying day by day, companies and organizations are compelled to pursue continuous innovation for survival and development through enhancing competitiveness. The forms of organizational innovation that are widely used in corporate management today are mainly 'restructuring', 'reduction of manpower', 'reorganization', 'business sale', and 'cost reduction'. All of these innovation techniques can be found in common in that companies adopt them to increase efficiency and competitiveness, but they differ somewhat in terms of implementation and specific methods. This study presents an integrated model of downsizing management and analyzes its validity through hypothesis verification. Summarizing the results of the study revealed through empirical analysis are as follows. First, the positive impact relationship for each management stage (priority management stage, process management stage, and follow-up management stage) on the perception of organization members on downsizing was confirmed. Second, the importance of downsizing public debate was raised in the prior management stage. Third, it was confirmed that it is necessary to maintain fairness and objectivity in downsizing in the process management stage. Fourth, it was confirmed that it was necessary to activate the support program for survivors in the post management stage. The results of this study are considered to provide many implications for enhancing competitiveness for sustainable growth and development of companies, establishing innovation strategies, and activating organizations. In particular, I think it will be able to provide a lot of meaningful information and data required in pursuing management innovation strategies through downsizing.


Results of research on increase of reliability of units, by improvement of physicomechanical properties of working surfaces of interfaces by electrospark processing in the gas environment, a compact electrode are submitted. Properties of coverings of the details formed on surfaces from aluminium, copper and alloyed steels are investigated. It is shown, that optimization of process of electrospark processing creates steams of friction pairs friction with high weared out the properties essentially raising reliability of the unit.


Case I The patient, who was a gravida 6 , aged 35, had a Caesarean section because of a persistent unstable lie. Her postoperative recovery was satisfactory. She was receiving stilboestrol tablets for suppression of lactation. On the seventh postpartum day her weight was 73 kg. For the test 350 mg. of freshly prepared BSP batch FU 4 were injected intravenously during 45 seconds, with a disposable syringe. Almost immediately the patient complained of feeling faint and became pale; the pulse became soft and respirations were laboured. Acute abdominal pain developed and the abdomen became rigid. The patient had difficulty in swallowing. An erythematous rash developed over the whole body surface in large plaques. Promethazine hydrochloride 50 mg. was administered immediately intramuscularly as the veins were too collapsed to enter easily. In about five minutes the breathing became satisfactory, the pulse returned to normal, the abdomen softened slowly and the erythematous plaques faded. The patient felt exhausted and quickly slept. The rest of the puerperium was normal. She failed to return to the follow-up clinic.


Considering any complex object several different aspects and layers can be investigated. WHAT-knowledge is one of the question-based aspects of knowledge that implies a conceptual representation of knowledge and is a major priority in learning. WHAT-knowledge key concepts are Entity, Concept, Class, Instance, Property. WHAT-knowledge key relationships are subClassOf, hasPart/isPartOf, type, classifies/isClassifiedBy. A classical way of teaching assumes that the studied concept definition is given first, then the concept properties are studied, and only after that - the relations with other concepts. To improve semantic interoperability, knowledge can be represented using description logics, however, it is a non-trivial task. As a consequence, created ontologies are often not scientific, i.e. they contain disproportionate concepts, tautologies, concepts with undefined disjoint relations, and so on. To provide an accurate representation of WHAT-knowledge, we proposed to represent WHAT-Knowledge Structures as Ontology Design Patterns. Typical WHAT-knowledge structures are the follows: determinables, contrast sets, genus/differentiate, taxonomies, faceted taxonomies, cluster concepts, family resemblances, graded concepts, frames, definitions, rules, rules with exceptions, essence and state assertions, opposites and contraries, relevance, and so on. To represent these structures we developed the following patterns: concept existence, incomparable concepts, concept properties, comparable concepts (contrast set (ordered and disordered), individual as an example of the class, intensional definition of concept, extensional definition of concept (implicational definition of concept, definitional concept description, rule-like definition of concept), concept exclusion, concepts intersection). Also, we proposed to use the following roles (non-taxonomic relations) that are defined as WHAT-Knowledge Structures through Ontology Design Patterns: existence role, existence role between the concepts, inverse roles, disjoint roles, roles inclusion, and chain of roles. The proposed approach allows increasing efficiency of the domain conceptual modeling, and model intelligibility for end-users. It can be used for the conceptual modeling and information retrieval in a wide range of domains and particularly in education and scientific research.


Earth bow wave temperature jump difference between dawn and dusk sides as measured by Vela 3 satellites compared to gasdynamic theory prediction


To the Editor:

As the most populous country, China has the largest number of stroke victims in the world. With the aging of population and changing of lifestyles in recent years, incidence and prevalence of stroke are increasing; rank of stroke as a cause of death in disease spectrum is shifting forward; socioeconomic costs of stroke are climbing; and there is no evidence that these trends will change in the near future. In contrast to these emerging problems related to stroke, research—especially epidemiological research—on stroke in the Chinese population is extremely rare. This shortage will become a hindrance for government in making a nationwide reform to the healthcare system in the near future. For this reason, the study by Zhao et al1 is of important reference not only for clinicians, but also for health policy makers.

Based on the …


Abstract : This study examined two types of data for determining a species wetland frequency and rating during rating-change-request challenges to the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL). Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., a species with a problematic wetland rating, was used as a case study. Boundary data were collected on wetland boundaries during delineations by Corps regulators and private consultants, and Landscape data were collected across the landscape during vegetation research projects by the Cold Region Research and Engineering Laboratory team. This investigation compared the wetland frequencies and ratings produced by Boundary data and Landscape data across a large and a moderately large study area. In both study areas, the Boundary data produced a higher wetland frequency (36 40 ) and a wetter wetland rating (Facultative FAC) than the Landscape data (15 18 , Facultative Upland FACU). These results demonstrate why wetland delineation data should not be used for determining wetland frequency and ratings during challenges to the NWPL because (1) they do not represent a species entire distribution across the landscape; (2) only dominant species are recorded on delineation data forms; (3) large, adjacent boundary plots are statistically likely to produce a FAC rating; and (4) delineation data are difficult to access from both regulatory agencies and public sector environmental consulting firms.


The five-dimensional stable de Sitter ground states in N = 2 supergravity obtained by gauging SO(1, 1) symmetry of the real symmetric scalar manifold (in particular, a generic Jordan family manifold of the vector multiplets) simultaneously with a subgroup R s of the R-symmetry group descend to four-dimensional de Sitter ground states under certain conditions. First, the holomorphic section in four dimensions has to be chosen carefully by using the symplectic freedom in four dimensions; second, a group contraction is necessary to bring the potential into a desired form. Under these conditions, stable de Sitter vacua can be obtained in dimensionally reduced theories (from 5D to 4D) if the semidirect product of SO(1, 1) with R (1,1) together with a simultaneous R s is gauged. We review the stable de Sitter vacua in four dimensions found in earlier literature for N = 2 Yang-Mills Einstein supergravity with the SO(2,1) X R s gauge group in a symplectic basis that comes naturally after dimensional reduction. Although this particular gauge group does not descend directly from five dimensions, we show that its contraction does. Hence, two different theories overlap in certain limits. Examples of stable de Sitter vacua are given for the cases: (i) R s = U(1) R , (ii) R s = SU(2) R , and (iii) N = 2 Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theory coupled to a universal hypermultiplet. We conclude with a discussion regarding the extension of our results to supergravity theories with more general homogeneous scalar manifolds.


We show that there is essentially only one way to construct a stochastic Schrodinger equation that gives a dynamical account of the transformation of entangled into factorized states and is consistent both with quantum mechanics and required symmetries. The noisy, non-linear term is a unimodular scalar multiple of the time reversal operator that must be present whenever a Hamiltonian term in the Schrodinger equation can distinguish the factorized constituents of an entangled state. The dynamical mechanism involved in the transformation of entangled into factorized states provides an explanation for the fact that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations appear in a time determined by the response of the measuring device and independent of the distance between the particles. The dependence on the response time of the measuring device may be testable through a delay in observing the collapse of mesoscopic ``Schrodinger cat" states in ion traps. It is further shown that there are situations where a two-particle interaction can induce a non-linear term by virtue of coupling to decay modes that distinguish factorized constituents of an entangled state. We show that this should happen in the neutral K-meson system where the entangled $K_L$ state is pushed slightly in the direction of a factorized constituent ($K_o$ or $\overline{K_o}$) as a consequence of the fact that these can be distinguished via the sign of the charged lepton in a semi-leptonic decay mode. The result is a CP violation that is within 20% of the experimental value.


Objective To investigate the expressions of survivin and bcl-2 and their relationships in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.Methods The expressions of survivin and bcl-2 in 40 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were detected with streptavidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) method,with 15 cases of normal bladder specimens as controls.Results Survivin was expressed in 25 of 40(58.149%) cases of bladder carcinoma tissues,and normal bladder specimens did not express survivin(P0.01).The expression of bcl-2 was positively correlated with survivin expression(P0.01).Conclusion Survivin inhibits the apoptosis of the tumor cells and plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.The expression of survivin is closely associated with the abnormal expression of bcl-2.