This paper investigates a class of nonlinear time-delayed systems with output prescribed performance constraint. The neural network and DOB (disturbance observer) are designed to tackle the uncertainties and external disturbance, and prescribed performance function is constructed for the output prescribed performance constrained problem. Then the robust controller is designed by using adaptive backstepping method, and the stability analysis is considered by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii. Furthermore, the proposed method is employed into the unmanned helicopter system with time-delay aerodynamic uncertainty. Finally, the simulation results illustrate that the proposed robust prescribed performance control system achieved a good control performance.


Homelessness continues to be a growing reality for students within the K-12 public school system. The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (MVA) was in response to this growing reality, focused on ensuring students and families were better supported by public schools when they experienced homelessness. While research does exist on why MVA is needed, the impact it can have, how districts have failed to appropriately comply, and how states have created additional legislation, there is a gap in research pertaining to the implementation of MVA within the state of Missouri. Additionally, there is no state-specific legislation in addition to MVA. As a result, the researcher desired to explore if MVA was being implemented, as designed, within the state of Missouri. Furthermore, the researcher desired to equip district administrators with a better understanding of implementation and tools to increase their implementation of MVA, better supporting students and their families experiencing homelessness. The findings connected to both research questions explored recognize that compliance may not be the primary concern, but that there are opportunities to better meet the needs of students identified as homeless. As a result, strategies have been recommended to ensure districts are more focused on the needs of their homeless population. There are abundant opportunities to continue this important research, but this research serves as a foundation for exploring homelessness within Missouri. Specifically, there is an opportunity to research if the perceptions and realities align with the perceptions of homeless liaisons. As well, there is an opportunity to conduct research that involves a larger population of homeless liaisons, plus their supervisors. There is also an opportunity to research and evaluate how the state is implementing, supervising, and evaluating the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act within Missouri.


Field studies were supplemented by laboratory analyses of 344 scats collected in all months and of 23 stomachs and 11 intestines obtained in winter. Acorns and crayfish constitute more than half of the yearly diet and both are consumed in considerable amount at all seasons. Persimmons and grapes were utilized heavily when available and other fruits in smaller amounts. Insects and other invertebrates formed an important part of the diet. Vertebrates were eaten sparingly but species of water snakes were preyed upon as were winter and spring concentrations of water fowl. Raccoons were found to concentrate in timbered river bottoms during the winter and spring, feeding largely on acorns and crayfish. Under these conditions they are readily trapped. In the summer and autumn the populations appear to be dispersed through the uplands as well as bottomlands in search of seasonal foods.


The viscoelasticities of various polymers have been fitted with viscoelastic fractional derivative models. The time domain response computation was very complex because of the branch analytical functions used in the inverse Laplace transformation. The equivalent linear viscous damping system for the viscoelastic fractional derivative model is discussed here. An equivalent is obtained for the expression of equivalent damping and stiffness for a system with a single degree of freedom. The time domain and frequency domain responses of the original system are compared with the equivalent system for δ excitation and harmonic excitation. The results show little difference between the original and equivalent system response with little damping and narrow bandwidth response. Therefore, for these conditions, the original system can be replaced by the equivalent system with sufficient accuracy but less calculation difficulty.


Background: Diabetic patients are at risk for developing diabetic foot problems as infection, ulcer and gangrene which are the most common cause of hospitalization among diabetics. Proper foot care is very necessary for preventing these problems and improving quality of life of these patients. Aim the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of health education intervention on self-care knowledge and foot care practice among diabetic patients. Methods: an intervention field trial was conducted on 76 diabetic patients attending Zagazig University Hospital outpatient clinics using structured questionnaire for self-care knowledge assessment and structured questionnaire guided by American diabetes association guidelines for foot care practice assessment. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) –Risk Classification System was used for risk classification of the studied diabetic patients. Results 31.5 % of studied patients had high risk for diabetic foot. There was significant improvement in the total knowledge score from 8.17±2.4 to 16.16±2.3 after application of the intervention. Also there was significant improvement in the total practice score (p value <0.001). Recommendation: Targeted health education programs regarding foot care strategies for diabetic patients are needed to reduce diabetic foot complications and ultimately amputation.


The paper is focused on the policemen lifelong education, special attention is paid to the basic vocational preparation of beginning members of Police of the Czech Republic. At the beginning, there is "Conception of lifelong mandatory education at Police and Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic'q described. The following parts present education structures of the policemen basic vocational preparation. First is education structure valid from 2001 to 2005, second the new one, valid from the 1st September 2005, which is based on European Union demands (see in "Conception 'q). At the conclusion, we compare both of them. The intention of this paper was to find out, whether the present police educational system in the Czech Republic accentuates more the human rights protection.


More than a century ago, biological knowledge of the mechanism of heredity was rather scarce. In that context, the influential scientist and statistician Francis Galton tried to analyze hereditary phenomena statistically. He discovered interesting phenomenological regularities and posited a theoretical or causal mechanism of hereditary transmission to explain them. But, as I will argue, his causal ideas were perniciously biased by the statistical techniques he used. Nowadays it is commonplace to attribute to probability theory and statistical inference a central place in the philosophy of causality. Several authors, such as Pearl and Spirtes, Glymour & Scheines (Pearl, 2000; Spirtes et al., 2000), have built theories of causal inference and causal discovery on the basis of knowledge of (conditional) (in)dependence relations between variables, together with some graph theoretical theorems and a set of assumptions. Their theories are tightly linked with contemporary statistical techniques such as structural equation modeling (SEM). To put it metaphorically: probability and statistics are viewed as glasses through which we can see or detect causal relations. This raises a problem. If I succeed in showing that Galton's knowledge of statistics impeded him to successfully develop a biological theory of inheritance (and thus acted as blinding glasses), it could be called into


Accurate pathology assessment of post-prostatectomy specimens is important to determine the need for and to guide potentially life-saving adjuvant therapy. Digital pathology imaging is enabling a transition to a more objective quantification of some surgical pathology assessments, such as tumour volume, that are currently visually estimated by pathologists and subject to inter-observer variability. One challenge for tumour volume quantification is the traditional 3–5 mm spacing of images acquired from sections of radical prostatectomy specimens. Tumour volume estimates may benefit from a well-motivated approach to inter-slide tumour boundary interpolation. We implemented and tested a level set-based interpolation method and found that it produced 3D tumour surfaces that may be more biologically plausible than those produced via a simpler nearest-slide interpolation. We found that the simpler method produced larger tumour volumes, compared to the level set method, by a median factor of 2.3. For contexts where only tumour volume is of interest, we determined that the volumes produced via the simpler method can be linearly adjusted to the level setproduced volumes. The smoother surfaces from level set interpolation yielded measurable differences in tumour boundary location; this may be important in several clinical/research contexts (e.g. pathology-based imaging validation for focal therapy planning).


We have implemented a 3D finite‐difference scheme to simulate wave propagation in arbitrary anisotropic media. The anisotropic media up to orthorhombic symmetry were modelled using a standard staggered grid scheme and beyond (monoclinic and triclinic) using a rotated staggered grid scheme. The rationale of not using rotated staggered grid for all types of anisotropic media is that the rotated staggered grid schemes are more expensive than standard staggered grid schemes. For a 1D azimuthally anistropic medium, we show a comparison between the seismic data generated by our finite‐difference code and by the reflectivity algorithm; they are in excellent agreement.


Dynamics of multi-agent systems (MAS) is influenced by communication/activation delays as well as network characteristics. Here, the aim is to design network graphs and develop control algorithms for a class of MAS considering critical the interplay between network delays and network graphs. Specifically, the network graphs influence not only the stability of MAS guaranteed when delay is less than a certain margin, delay margin, but also the performance, reaching speed of agents to a common steady state (consensus). This work is motivated by the counter-intuitive observation, small coupling strengths between agents can enhance their decay rate to consensus under relatively large inter-agent time delays. From this, it is shown that a certain network graph by edge elimination, zero coupling strengths, leads to faster consensus under larger time delays compared to the case with a complete graph. The design of this ideal network graph is influenced by factors including the inter-agent delay, the number of agents and eliminated edges, and the agents initial states. A statistical approach is developed to select the ideal network by using a cluster analysis in data mining. In this data driven approach, one reveals that the delay margin of the MAS is affected by how many and which edges are eliminated. In view of this, a systematic approach is established to design the network graphs rendering more delay tolerance of the MAS. This analytic approach is used to explain a self-regulating mechanism to counter delay-induced instability whereby this mechanism naturally restores stability by agents regrouping. These results provide parallelism to self-regulation and self-healing in collective behavior of nature-made MAS. Further advancements are reported in terms of how Proportional-Retarded (PR) protocols can be tuned for fast consensus in MAS. In particular, such protocols are proposed for a desired decay rate of MAS with double-integrator dynamics. Finally, the MAS model is extended considering non-delayed self-loops, and a computationally efficient mathematical framework is proposed to study the stability of such MAS which are large scale but cannot be conveniently decomposed into subsystems. This framework has the potential to design new control algorithms for achieving a desired delay margin. Dissertation Supervisor: Rifat Sipahi Title: Associate Professor


Most of the recent research on Object Tracking Sensor Networks has focused on collecting all data from the entire sensor network and placing it into the sink, which delivers the predicted locations to the corresponding nodes in order to predict an object's movement. This collection method affects the freshness of the data and creates latency in predicting movement patterns. In addition, due to the great amount of packets being sent and received, the sensor nodes' energy is quickly exhausted. Although this data collection method might result in a higher accuracy rate for prediction, it does not extend the lifetime of the sensor network. In this paper, a distributed method is proposed in using the network structure of convex polygons. These polygons are cooperated to find the trajectories of an object and then these trajectories are used to predict objects' movement. The proposed method, based on Trajectory-tree Construction, should reduce both the storage space of collected trajectories and the time spent on trajectory prediction analysis. Simulations show that the proposed method can reduce the energy consumption of the nodes and can extend the lifetime of the network in efficient.


List of tables Preface 1. The problem 2. External evidence 3. The lyric metres 4. The recitative Anapaests 5. The Iambic trimeters 6. Structure and dramatic technique 7. Staging 8. Vocabulary 9. Style and syntax 10. Alternatives to Aeschylean authorship Appendixes Notes Bibliography Subject index Index of Greek words discussed Index of passages cited.


CdTe nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix were fabricated by radio frequency sputtering employing the texture of a SiO2 layer as template. The SiO2 film texture was controlled through the O2 partial pressure (OPP) in the working atmosphere. The CdTe crystallinity was better for the samples synthesized on rougher SiO2 films. For these samples, the room temperature photoluminescence spectra showed a signal at 1.74 eV, related to the CdTe nanoparticles. Additional photoluminescence signals at 1.65 and 1.68 eV have been associated to recombination processes at the nanoparticle/matrix interfaces. The results indicate that the employed methodology produces, in a single step, CdTe nanoparticles with light emission at room temperature. After thermal annealing all the samples presented emission due to quantum confinement effects. The photoluminescence emission may be varied from 1.69 to 2.15 eV by appropriate control of the OPP.


Digital reactor protection system which consists of many identical modules, is fault- tolerant to provide high safety. The modules themselves including DSP(digital signal processing) card are also fault-tolerant in nature. This paper assesses the safety for being-designed digital reactor protection system of 2-out-of-4 G structure with lockout. Some interesting design alternatives are compared. Fault tree analysis for assessing system safety is performed by Relex software. The selected reactor protection system fully satisfies EPRIURD stipulation of mean failure time of 50 years.


1. Dioxan-trichloroacetic acid cleavage of the bile salts of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Smith, gave as principal product latimerol (3,B,7oa,12oc,26,27-pentahydroxycholestane), a little cyprinol (3a,7a,12ac,26,27-pentahydroxycholestane) and a very small proportion ofa third (unidentified) bile alcohol. Alkaline hydrolysis of the bile salts gave a little latimerol, but chiefly anhydrolatimerol and a 'bile acid' fraction not characterized. 2. Anhydrolatimerol on mild chromic oxidation was converted into dehydroanhydrocyprinol, similarly obtained from anhydrocyprinol. 3. Allomerization (at C-5) of ethyl 7a,12adihydroxy-3-oxocholanate with Raney nickel in cumene, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride in pyridine, led to the isolation of the digitonin-precipitable ethyl 3#,7oc,12oc-trihydroxyallocholanate, which was converted by hydrolysis and chromic oxidation into 3,7,12-trioxoallocholanic acid. The infrared-absorption spectrum of ethyl 3 ,7o,12oc-trihydroxyallocholanate showed all the principal bands between 9 0 and 15'O0, given by latimerol. 4. The bile salts ofLatimeria are thus shown to be (a) the most primitive (i.e. the nearest chemically to cholesterol) of any so far examined, and (b) to be indicative (by virtue of their being of the cyprinol chemical type) of a freshwater history for the coelacanth.


Travel decision-making is a very complex process. The reason why it is complex is that there are several considerations that travelers must make before travelling. Since travelers cannot see the tourism product before the purchase process, they are highly interested in their travel planning and decision-making. Therefore, they need trusted information sources like travel agencies, social media platforms, and social media influencers to provide them with information and help them to make the optimal decision. Travelers have many tendencies and preferences that differ in the travel decision-making process according to their ages. So, the current study aims to understand the major characteristics of generation X, Generation Y and Generation Z and to identify the main factors that influence the travel decision-making process. To achieve the main objective of this study, a quantitative approach was carried out in order to study generational differences in the travel decision-making process. This research has been based on a survey method through distributing a set of questionnaires 1 Department of Tourism Studies High institute of tourism, Hotel Management and Monuments Restoration, Abou Qir-Alexandria


Researchers and practitioners recognize that musical activities reinforce many aspects of language development. Chanting and rhythmic speaking, singing, and listening are all experiences that support language development. This article describes language-enhancing activities in those three areas and explains how they strengthen language development. Activities involving chanting and rhythmic speaking are helpful in the practice of elements of speech that parallel musical elements and in the exploration of oral reading skills. The singing and chanting activities provide practice in rhythm, form, dynamics, and mood, which are concepts and skills common to language and music. The article also includes considerations for selecting songs appropriate for reinforcing language skills. Finally, examples of music listening activities demonstrate how students may develop all of the modalities of communication, including receiving and transmitting information aurally and receiving and transmitting information visually.


By analyzing the relationship between moral obligations and happiness from the perspective of the debates on righteousness versus profitableness,four types of the relationship can be drawn: utilitarian type,obligation type,the type of disposing both,the type of giving consideration to both.The building of harmonious society gives us the new concepts with which to understand the relationship between moral obligations,hapiness and their interrelationship.The construction of socialist harmonious society lies in the harmony between moral obligations and happiness.


Even a decade ago there was considerable reason to foresee the possible appearance of the wave of "Left" terror now rolling through a number of capitalist countries. The Left petit-bourgeois radical youth movement of the late 1960s, with its extremist tendencies, its appeals for universal destructive rebellion, and its attempts to implement such rebellion in practice, was marked, particularly, by the creation of a number of groups that were the embryos of the terrorist organizations of today.


We report deep Green Bank Telescope spectroscopy in the redshifted NH3 (1,1), CS 1–0, and H2CO 000–101 lines from the z ∼ 0.685 absorber toward B0218+357. The inversion (NH3) and rotational (CS, H2CO) line frequencies have different dependences on the proton–electron mass ratio μ, implying that a comparison between the line redshifts is sensitive to changes in μ. A joint three-component fit to the NH3, CS, and H2CO lines yields [Δμ/μ] = (−3.5 ± 1.2) × 10−7, from z ∼ 0.685 to today, where the error includes systematic effects from comparing lines from different species and possible frequency-dependent source morphology. Two additional sources of systematic error remain, due to time variability in the source morphology and velocity offsets between nitrogen-bearing and carbon-bearing species. We find no statistically significant (⩾3σ) evidence for changes in μ and obtain the stringent 3σ constraint, [Δμ/μ] < 3.6 × 10−7, over 6.2 Gyr; this is the best present limit on temporal changes in μ from any technique, and for any look-back time, by a factor ≳5.


Objective To explore the clinical value of the remodel basket in biliary obstruction with difficult choledocholithiasis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Methods Difficult choledocholithiasis of 194 patients were removed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,the patients of choledocholithiasis were definitely diagnosed by ERCP,and they were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,102 patients in treatment group were treated by the remodel basket,other 92 patients in control group were treated by common basket.Results Difficult choledocholithiasis of 176 patients were removed completely one time,the successful rate was 95.1% in treatment group and 86.9% in control group(P0.05).The entire time of removing stones was(65.8±40.2) min in treatment group and(85.7±65.4) min in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Difficult choledocholithiasis to remove with the remodel basket is not only improving the successful rate but also saving time,the method is save and effective.


Few studies have empirically evaluated pattern languages as a shared language for interaction design. In the HCI community, interaction patterns proliferate, but consensus on what constitutes a pattern language is missing. We evaluate four criteria required of a pattern language, and its impact on shared understanding. Keyword Pattern-Language Evaluating a Pattern Language as Shared Language for Interaction Design George Abraham Drexel University 3141, Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA-19104 firstname.lastname@example.com


Cynanchum taiwanianum is an important plant used in traditional medicine. The increasing demand and lack of information regarding its cultivation have become concerns for sustainability. This study examined the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on the growth and biosynthesis of main bioactive compounds, including cynandione A and polyphenolic compounds, in field-cultivated C. taiwanianum. Two field experiments were conducted using three levels of nitrogen (N100, N150 and N200) and three levels of potassium (K100, K150 and K200) treatments. The experimental variables were either N or K fertilizer. The results showed that, aside from N200, N and K fertilization significantly increased C. taiwanianum shoot and tuber biomass. High N fertilization resulted in low total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in shoots and tubers, but the effects of K fertilization were minimal. Cynandione A, an important bioactive compound, was only detected in tubers; its content were enhanced with the increasing K fertilization, but reduced with excess N fertilization (N200). Although N and K fertilizers are important for C. taiwanianum tuber production, the yield of cynandione A was associated with K but not N fertilization rates. These results provide some essential information for the optimal production of C. taiwanianum tubers and functional compounds. Further studies are required to examine the mechanism(s) of cynandione A biosynthesis and its compartmentation in plant tissues.


The buming plasma regime will exhibit a number of complex phenomena that must be studied and understood if magnetic fusion is to be successful. The FIRE design study of a burning plasma experiment has the goal of developing a concept for an experimental facility to explore and understand the strong non-linear coupling among confinement, self-heating, MHD stability, edge physics and wave-particle interactions that is fundamental to fusion plasma behavior. This will require plasmas dominated by alpha heating (Q = lO) that are sustained for duration longer than characteristic plasma time scales. The FIRE pre-conceptual design activities, carried out by an U. S. national team, have been undertaken with the objectil'e of finding the minimum size (cost) device to achieve the essential burning plasma science goals while building on the physics understanding of today. FIRE is envisioned as an extension of the existing advanced tokamak program leading to an attractive magnetic fusion reactor (e.g., ARIES-RS). FIRE activities have focused on the physics and engineering assessment of a compact, high-field tokamak with the capability of achieving Q = l0 in the Elmy H-mode for a duration of - 1.5 plasma current redistribution times (skin times) during an initial burning plasma science phase, and the flexibility to add advanced tokamak hardware (e.g., lower hybrid current drive and feedback stabilization) later. The configuration chosen for FIRE is similar to that of ARIES-RS, namely a highly shaped plasma 16- = 0.7, K* = 2), with double-null divertor and aspect ratio = 4. The key "advanced tokamak" features are: strong plasma shaping, double null poloidal divertors, low toroidal field ripple (<0.3Vo), intemal control coils and space for wall stabilization capabilities. Only metallic plasma facing components (tungsten divertor ta.rgets and Be coated first wall tiles) are used to reduce the in-vessel tritium inventory. The reference design point is Ro - 2.14 m, a = 0.595 m, B,(Ro) - l0 T, Io=7.7 MA with a flat top time of 20 s for 150 MW of fusion power.


To the Editor, Plexiform fibro-histiocytic tumor (PFHT) is a soft tissue lesion of intermediate malignancy, which was first described in 1988 by Enzinger and Zhang.1 It occurs mostly in children2 and young adults with a slight female predominance and is mostly located on the extremities, the trunk and, less frequently, on the head and neck. Histologically, this lesion is characterized by nests of ''histiocyte''-like (i.e. macrophage) and multinucleated cells, associated with fascicles of spindle cells arranged in a plexiform and ill-defined pattern. Immunohistochemistry shows a strong CD-68 positivity of ''histiocyte''-like cells and multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. Spindle cells generally express α-smooth muscle actin. Recurrences can occur,3 and very rare cases with systemic metastasis have been published. Consequently, wide excision with large safety margins is recommended.


Ethylene (ET) is metabolized to the carcinogenic ethylene oxide (EO). To evaluate a possible carcinogenicity study with ET in the mouse, inhalation toxicokinetics of ET and EO were investigated in B6C3F1 mice using closed exposure chambers. Both gases were determined by gas chromatography. Metabolism of ET follows saturation kinetics; half of the maximum rate of metabolism is reached at 105 ppm ET in the atmosphere. The rate of metabolism of EO is proportional to the EO concentration in air up to 200 ppm. At an EO exposure concentration of 5.6 ppm EO, an internal EO burden of 0.55 µmol/l body volume is reached. This EO burden reflects the maximum that can be reached in ET exposed mice. It is discussed that a carcinogenicity study with ET in mice would probably become negative and not suitable for the estimation of the human tumor risk resulting from ET.


The reaction to p e r t u r b a t i o n s at the b o t t om of a stably
s t r a t i f i e d layer characterized by small periodical variations of the thermal
s t a b i l i t y p a r a m e t e r and capped by a, less stable, semi-infinite layer has been
studied. When resonance conditions for internal zero order waves (represented
by solutions obtained neglecting the small periodical variations of the
s t a b i l i t y p a r a m e t e r itself) t r a p p e d in t h e lower layer are satisfied, secondary
waves, generated by the i n t e r a c t i o n of zero order waves and t h e small variations
af t h e s t a b i l i t y p a r a m e t e r , t u r n out to be resonant too. Some information
can then be obtained on the localization along the vertical of convective
breaking (and turbulent patches) in the lower layer, t a k i n g into
account t h e superposition of zero order and secondary waves. These results
seem to be relevant for t h e comprehension of t h e dynamics of t h e atmospheric
inversions as well as of the oceanic thermocline.


The article examines musical sound as a worldview category connected with rituals, traditional beliefs, concepts, and life styles of the indigenous, numerically small peoples of Arctic Eurasia. The discussion is based primarily on materials from the author's field research, begun on the Taimyr Peninsula in the 1980s. This study of the sound culture of Samodeic [Samoyedic] peoples incorporates works of ethnographers and art historians, as well as northern studies researchers from other disciplines.


The modulo lattice channel is a key ingredient in the study of lattice encoding and decoding for the AWGN channel. In this paper, the capacity of the modulo lattice channels is investigated.


The COVID-19 pandemic brought issues that challenged social intervention. This study aimed to investigate the challenges imposed on the dynamics of Residential Care Homes (RCH) during the pandemic. The sample included 27 participants: two technical directors, two social workers, two psychologists, four kindergarten teachers, and seventeen education assistants. Through the qualita-tive methodology, with the techniques of semi-structured interviews and content analysis, it was found that the biggest challenge is the management of children in the CAR space. At the level of the children's functioning dynamics, there was greater instability. Sanitization and the use of technolo-gy stood out in the practices used in the RCH.


Peer to Peer (P2P) networking is a potential disruptive technology that can be used for the development of scalable, fully decentralized distributed applications. However, to realize its potential, P2P technology should address the needs of a variety of applications, other than file-sharing requiring support for exact-match queries on the file names. Our work complements and contributes to existing P2P overlays that support multiple-attributes and range queries, using the distributed K-Dimensional (K-D) tree structure for organizing shared information among participating peers. This guarantees that the time needed for node join - leave operations and query times are logarithmic with respect to the number of peers. In such systems, an open issue is load balancing of resources among peers, as only load-balanced data structures can guarantee that the complexity for resolving multi-attribute and range queries remains logarithmic (thus scalable) with respect to the number of participating peers. In this paper, we report a novel load balancing algorithm for dynamically keeping the resource load among peers balanced. We prove that the load balancing algorithm is robust and scalable, achieving an O(log2N) complexity, where N is the number of peers. We illustrate how our algorithm can be used to build a scalable Grid Information Service supporting multi-attribute and range queries on available services within the shared Grid infrastructure.


PURPOSE: A home network system management server using the Internet is provided to enable a computer to execute a server access program by rebooting the computer even though a mobile IP is used, and to register the mobile IP in a server database of a user, thereby automatically updating IP information. CONSTITUTION: A user connects with a telephone office switchboard(92) through a communication line(90) by using an external computer(10), or wirelessly connects with a base station(94) by using a cellular phone(14). The user connects with a server(20), and is connected to a reset switch(45) for resetting a home computer(40), then turns off the computer(40) by using a password. The user is connected to the computer(40) by the communication line(90), and remotely controls power of a TV(50), a VCR(52), a gas valve(54), a video camera(60), an air conditioner(62), a light(64), a refrigerator(70), and a door lock(80) by a power management switch(95). The user transmits an operational function to a control signal distribution device(97).


While the investigation of the physiological and pathophysiological effects of orthostatic stress induced by head-up tilt table testing in humans began more than 50 years ago,1 it was not until 1986 that the utility of tilt testing in the diagnosis of unexplained syncope was demonstrated.2 In the absence of a `gold-standard' diagnostic test for vasovagal syncope, an appropriate clinical history in association with a positive head-up tilt test currently provides the cornerstone for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope.3 This article will provide an overview of the rationale for the head-up tilt test in relation to its main diagnostic use, vasovagal syncope, a discussion of the methodological issues surrounding the test and the uses of tilt table testing in the further differential diagnosis of unexplained syncope.

More than 60 years after the introduction of the term `vasovagal syncope' by Lewis,4 the exact mechanisms responsible for loss of consciousness associated with profound hypotension and/or bradycardia, and mediated by vagal excess and sympathetic withdrawal, remain uncertain. The main trigger factors for the vasovagal cascade can be divided into central and peripheral provocateurs,5 with the latter providing the substrate for the diagnostic use of the tilt table. Head-up tilt table testing provides a powerful, controlled orthostatic stimulus simulating under laboratory conditions the peripheral provocation of vasovagal syncope. The pathophysiology of the vasovagal response is thus central to an understanding of the role of tilting in its diagnosis.

Although central, higher cortical provocation of vasovagal syncope through emotional stress6 and pain7 is a clinical commonplace, the neuronal connections mediating the response are far from certain. Animal models implicate the limbic system as the relay region for stress-related neuronal activity,7,,8 with the ultimate control mechanisms residing in hypothalamic and brain-stem autonomic nuclei.9 Human vasovagal syncope …

Professor R.A. Kenny, Cardiovascular Investigation Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP. e-mail: r.a.kenny{at}ncl.ac.uk


The mechanism of enzymatic activation of the otherwise rather unreactive thiamin diphosphate by the 2-oxoacid decarboxylases is summarized. Given the significant number of such enzymes with known 3-dimensional structures, some highly conserved features emerge. Most prominent among these are: (a) a precisely tailored Mg(II) binding site in which the octahedral metal provides two coordination sites to the diphosphate; (b) the 'V' coenzyme conformation that brings the amino nitrogen of the 4 ′ -aminopyrimidine of the coenzyme to nearly hydrogen-bonding distance of the thiazolium C2 atom; (c) highly conserved hydrogen bonds to each of the three nitrogens of the 4 ′ -aminopyrimidine moiety. The working hypothesis based on these conserved features is that deprotonation of the C2H thiazolium position, the first absolutely required step in all thiamin-requiring enzymes, is carried out by the coenzyme itself via intramolecular acid-base catalysis. The semi-conserved acid-base groups at the active center carry out an important rate accelerating function, but their absence is seldom 'fatal' to the enzyme. It is further hypothesized that a major role of the protein is to create a 'low effective polarity' in the active center, thereby stabilizing zwitterionic intermediates and preceding transition states.


Of late years a great deal has been written on the genesis of ore-deposits, and in particular much space has been devoted to more or less controversial discussions of the possibility of a magmatic origin for many important types, both in individual instances and by way of generalizations. The widespread acceptance in many quarters of a belief in the derivation of such deposits on a wholesale scale from igneous magmas may perhaps to some extent be regarded as a natural reaction from some of the theories of markedly contrasted character that prevailed almost universally in past times. The "swing of the pendulum" is such a well-known psychological phenomenon that it is unnecessary to enlarge on it here. It is applicable to nearly all branches of knowledge, and of ignorance, and was long ago summarized in the law that action and reaction are equal and opposite. If a theory is pushed too far, it is inevitable that in a while it will be regarded as wholly, or for the most part, erroneous, although it may nevertheless contain a good deal of truth. Most of these difficulties and controversies arise from the ineradicable habit of generalizing too broadly, and the rest of them can generally be traced to misunderstandings as to the precise meaning of the terms employed. In the history of the scientific study of ore deposits both of these sources of error have undoubtedly played an important part.


Cells respond to the induction of DNA damage with activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), a complex signalling network which orchestrates cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in order to maintain genomic stability and cell viability. Activation of these signalling pathways enables cancer cells to survive DNA damaging chemo- or radiotherapy and contributes to the development of therapy resistance. Therefore, components of the DDR have become attractive targets for chemo- or radiosensitisation. Furthermore, cancer cells frequently exhibit defects in certain DDR components and may, as a consequence, become highly dependent on remaining DDR pathways to survive DNA damage. Two apical mediators of the DDR are the serine/threonine protein kinases ATM and ATR. ATM is frequently mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and defects in ATM may render the tumour cells dependent on ATR signalling for survival. In this study, we characterised the functional consequences of ATM mutations in NSCLC cell lines and established an immunohistochemistry-based assay to identify patients with loss of ATM expression. As a single agent, pharmacological ATR inhibition (ATRi) was selectively cytotoxic for cells deficient in both ATM and p53. Furthermore, ATRi in combination with either ATM or PARP inhibition selectively killed tumour cells with mutant p53. We show that following ATR inhibition, ATM and p53 perform critical cell cycle checkpoint functions, independently of each other. Our results suggest that while retained function in any of these pathways is sufficient to maintain cell viability, functional loss of ATM, ATR and p53 results in premature mitotic entry, chromosome fragmentation and mitotic catastrophe. We conclude that in NSCLC the functional status of both ATM and p53 determines the cellular response to ATR inhibition, and propose that a combination of ATR inhibition with ATM or PARP inhibition may have broad utility for the treatment of p53-mutated NSCLC.


Abstract : This report addresses American prisoners of war (POW) and missing in action cases (MIA) who were not repatriated following the Korean War, with particular emphasis on whether any American servicemen were transferred to USSR territory during the war. It examines whether American servicemen liberated by Soviet forces from Nazi German POW camps in the European theater of operations in World War II were not repatriated. It examines whether American aircrews in the Far East and European theaters were detained in USSR territory. Early Cold War incidents are examined to determine whether archive materials indicate that American servicemen and civilians were held alive in USSR territory. Volume 3, an appendix volume, contains a number of POW rosters, primary source documents, and other lists. It is intended to complement Volumes 1 and 2.


A three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged, compressible Navier-Stokes analysis (using a multi-block grid with the grid embedded in the tip-clearance space) has been developed to study the tip-clearance flow of an axial compressor rotor. A low-Reynolds number k-e model have been used to reproduce the effects of turbulence. In order to assess the effect of the tip-clearance-grid treatment on prediction for the tip-clearance flow, calculations using a single-block grid (pinched grid topology) and multi-block grid (embedded grid topology) have been performed to calculate the flow field of NASA Rotor 37. The results are compared with experimental data. It has been found that both the single-block and multi-block approaches give a good agreement with the experimental data regarding the overall performance map of the rotor. For the prediction of the spanwise distributions of averaged aerodynamic properties downstream of the rotor, however, the orderly grid over the blade tip associated with the embedded grid has produced accurate predictions particularly from 40% to 80% span. In order to investigate the tip-clearance flow for different operating conditions, calculations have been performed for conditions at 100% (transonic inflow condition) and 60% (subsonic inflow condition) of the design point speed. Computed limiting streamlines at the blade tip surface and particle traces released from the tip-clearance have been used to study the tip-clearance flow. At the 100% speed, both separation and reattachment lines have been observed and a separation bubble occurs. At the 60% speed, the separation line shifts to the blade pressure side and the reattachment line can be partly observed near the leading edge of the blade tip surface. In order to investigate the interaction of the leakage vortex from the tip clearance with the main flow, the computed secondary flows on the cross-flow sections have been analyzed at the 100% and the 60% speeds. At the 100% speed, the vortex core apparently increases in size, as it moves downstream. At 60% speed, the second vortex, first reported by Suder and Celestina in 1994, is barely observable. Furthermore, the trajectory of vortex core identified using a semi-analytical method has also been used to study the vortex motion in the flow field near the blade tip.Copyright © 1999 by ASME


In this paper, the results of oxidation time measurements performed on laboratory-aged EPR cable models are reported. It is shown that the values of slope and ordinate intercept of the oxidation time lines relevant to specimens aged for different times and under different combination of stresses well fit the compensation effect. In general, a correlation is found between the location of the points on the compensation effect line and their aging conditions, thus achieving a tool for aging diagnosis.


The development of technology in Indonesia in the field of education is no stranger to a teacher. For this reason, a teacher is required to master technology. One of the most widely used educational technologies today is online-based learning media. Through this research, it is able to increase the teacher's insight in sorting out the suiTable learning media for use in the learning process. This type of research is classroom action research. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in motivation and learning outcomes of students using Edmodo learning media assisted by meeting room media on the circulation system material. Classroom Action Research in its implementation uses a cycle pattern, where each cycle requires three meetings and the level of research completion depends on the extent to which the level of achievement of learning success is adjusted to the assessment standards. Each cycle in this research consists of the stages of Planning, Action, Observation / Evaluation, and Reflection activities. The results showed that the use of Edmodo learning media assisted by meeting room media can increase the motivation and learning outcomes of students in the circulation system material.


Cartesian representationalism and the Enlightenment heritage more broadly continue to play a pivotal role in shaping the 21st-century human scientific theory and practice. This introduction to a special section on the topic surveys some aspects of that heritage.


To the two aspects of the title—external information and attitudes—I would like to add a qualifying extension, namely, observations of a pragmatic special librarian seeking some necessary development routes from the passing conven‐tional library to the current and future library/information centre concept. I will keep to practical matters and problems of today and not fly into 'futurology' which appears to have become a fashion.


Despite advantages in terms of cancer control and organ preservation, the benefits of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CTRT) may be offset by potentially severe treatment‐related toxicities, particularly in older patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the types and frequencies of toxicities in older adults with locally or regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who were receiving either primary CTRT or radiation therapy (RT) alone.


Abstract It is with the deepest sorrow that we report the death, on August 8th 1996, of Sir Nevill Mott at age 90. Sir Nevill, a distinguished and outstanding physicist whose name is known worldwide for his many contributions to condensed matter physics, was born on September 30th 1905, at a time when wave mechanics was in its infancy. During the golden days of Rutherford at the Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge, he was the first to apply quantum theory to the scattering of charged particles by atoms; his final work was on high-temperature superconductivity. Sir Nevill's research career thus spanned almost 70 years, thereby providing a unique and valuable link with previous generations of physicists.


PURPOSE: A nylon thermoplastic elastomer is provided to have excellent mechanical property and hydrophilicity, and to create the same pattern even in repetitive printing in case the nylon thermoplastic elastomer is manufactured for stamp used in microcontact printing of polar ink. CONSTITUTION: A nylon thermoplastic elastomer comprises a polyamide oligomer having amine group at both ends and a polyether oligomer having maleimide group at both ends. Sulfonic acid group is contained in the polyamide oligomer or the polyether oligomer. A manufacturing method of the mylon thermoplastic elastomer comprises: a step of making the polyamide oligomer having amine group at both ends containing sulfonic acid group; a step of making the polyether oligomer having maleimide group at both ends; and a step of coupling the polyamide oligomer and the polyether oligomer at 150-200°Cunder nitrogen atmosphere as an additive reaction. [Reference numerals] (AA) Stress (MPa); (BB) Comparative example 1; (CC) Example 1; (DD) Example 2; (EE) Comparative example 2; (FF) Example 3; (GG) Example 4; (HH) Strain rate (MPa)


This paper discusses a problem in a class of nonlinear uncertain singular time-delay systems.Based on linear matrix inequality and fundamental inequality,it studies the given performance functions as well as the acceptable time-delay.A memoryless state feedback controller is designed so that the closed-loop systems asymptotically are stable and the corresponding performance index is not larger than the index bound.By using the constraint condition of linear matrix inequality,sufficient conditions for guaranteed cost control of closed-loop systems are given.A numerical example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


Magnetically applied pressure-shear (MAPS) is a new experimental technique that provides a platform for direct measurement of material strength at extreme pressures. The technique employs an imposed quasi-static magnetic field and a pulsed power generator that produces an intense current on a planar driver panel, which in turn generates high amplitude magnetically induced longitudinal compression and transverse shear waves into a planar sample mounted on the drive panel. In order to apply sufficiently high shear traction to the test sample, a high strength material must be used for the drive panel. Molybdenum is a potential driver material for the MAPS experiment because of its high yield strength and sufficient electrical conductivity. To properly interpret the results and gain useful information from the experiments, it is critical to have a good understanding and a predictive capability of the mechanical response of the driver. In this work, the inelastic behavior of molybdenum under uniaxial compressi...


Recently, many multi-receiver signcryption schemes have been proposed. However, few schemes can send multimessages to multi-receivers, which is an important requirement for the cable television (CATV) networks. In this paper, to cope with the above problem, we present a multi-message and multi-receiver hybrid signcryption scheme based on the assumptions of a discrete logarithm and Gap Diffie Hellman. Our scheme makes it impossible that an attack derives the plaintext or forges signatures. The accuracy and efficiency of the new scheme are analyzed. There is no pairings computation in the proposed scheme. We prove that our scheme is secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack and existentially unforgeable against a chosen message attack. Finally, we present a broadcast service protocol for CATV network by employing our proposed scheme.


Comment Lymphomatoid granulomatosis was defined by Liebow et al. (1972). It is a vasculitic angiodestructive granulomatous and lymphoreticular proliferative disease. Although considered probably to be a separate disease entity it shares many features with so-called limited forms of Wegener's granulomatosis (Carrington & Liebow 1966, Liebow & Carrington 1969, Cassan et al. 1970). In lymphomatoid granulomatosis the lungs are involved in more than 90% of cases and skin involvement is seen in 45 %; the kidneys are affected in 45% but without glomerulitis. Central nervous system disease occurs in 15% of cases and peripheral neuropathy in a further 15 %; 60% of cases have been fatal within five years. A small number have progressed to true lymphoma. Both lung and skin lesions (which may be the first manifestation) may resolve spontaneously or with steroid treatment. Diagnosis depends on the typical histological features in association with the clinical picture. It is suggested that electron microscopic appearances may be characteristic (Kay et al. 1974). [To be published more fully elsewhere.]


Based on monthly mean sea surface temperature data, the effect of SST on frostbite weather in Guangxi was analyzed by using coefficient、regression and discriminatory method. The influencing model is primary set up.


The article deals with social and humanitarian technologies which are understood as the technology of directly targeted management algorithmic impact on non-material side of human life or social community. One of these technologies is the modern educational process, for example, in the form of class-lesson system. In a public implementation of the technology of the educational process over the past 20 years has accumulated a lot of problems to overcome which the system is not expected in the near future. Under these conditions a contradictory situation in education is the formation of a national technological platform "Education", which would bring together the most important stakeholders in addressing the challenges faced by the country.


Largegranularlymphocytes, mediators of NK activity, bindtoothercellsusing both the LFA (lymphocytefunction-associated)-1-ICAM and the CD2-LFA-3 adhesionpathways.Herewe havestudied themotility and ultrastructure oflargegranulelym- phocyte(LGL) on lipidbilayers containing purified LFA-1,ICAM-1, and thetransmembraneand glycophosphatidylinositol isoforms of LFA-3.LGLs moved at8 /Am./minon ICAM-1 butpoorly(<I pm/min)on itsreceptorpairLFA-1.TM-LFA-3 promotedlocomotionata rateclosetoICAM-1, whereasthecellswerelessmotileon GPI-LFA-3.The difference intheratesoflocomotionon thetwo iso- formsofLFA-3 ispresumablyattributable to their difference inanchoringandlateral mobilityinthe bilayer .Inspiteofthevariation in motility theultra- structure of theadheringcellswas similaron allfour ligands .LGLs contacted the membrane variably, i.e., cellsadhering only ina few smallareasorin larger areasweredetectedon eachligand .The relative per- centageoftheplasmamembrane facing the lipid bilayerwas greatest on ICAM-1 and leaston thetrans- membrane isoformofLFA-3,demonstrating no cor- relation withmotility .The ratioofadjacentplasma


A hybrid memory system having electromechanical memory cells is disclosed. A memory cell core circuit has an array of electromechanical memory cells, in which each cell is a crossbar junction at least one element of which is a nanotube or a nanotube ribbon. An access circuit provides array addresses to the memory cell core circuit to select at least one corresponding cell. The access circuit is constructed of semiconductor circuit elements.


In this paper I identify key features of communication and then ask in what ways power is a feature of intercultural communication. I discuss this by making use of key concepts from postcolonial theory: Empire, marginalisation and hybridity. Secondly, I discuss how the understanding of intercultural communication practice and theory should be informed by ethical considerations. I argue the presence of Empire puts a moral obligation on the relatively powerful to be aware of his or her role and function when communicating with the relatively weak and vulnerable.


Processing of location sensing information and visualization of 3D graphics on PDA either in outdoor or indoor environment had been presented as one of research issues nowadays. Famous tracking system such as GPS had gained its trust as a feasible and effective outdoor tracking system. Traditional tracking system with 2D-image standard presents only few and dull information to users. This paper aim to develop a highly accuracy real-time indoor tracking system with 3D scenes integrated on PDA to provide more useful location sensing information to user. VRML, a powerful 3D modeling tool is used for designing 3D objects in indoor environments. In order to reduce PDApsilas computing time and increases 3D objects rendering time, culling algorithm is implemented in our system. Generic RSSI-based (received signal strength indicator) location tracking method is used for indoor location tracking due to its low-cost solutions. Moreover, a reliable RSSI smoothing algorithm had been proposed to cater the reflecting and attenuating of objects in surrounding environment for RSSI ranging. Experiments had revealed an ideal result with rendering time of 3D objects in less than 1 sec and high accuracy of real-time RSSI position estimation in our system.


During 1985 and 1986 the PCDD and PCDF emissions from MSW incinerators have been carefully studied in Sweden. The use of 13C-labelled compounds shows that sampling and analysis should be validated by the use of such compounds. Corrections should be made for losses during sampling and analysis. Isomer-specific analytical methods should be used. Minor differences were found in isomeric patterns and congener profiles between different incinerators. Emission levels were found to vary greatly.


Firstly three classification standards about tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge were assessed and were sorted out to a threefold hierarchical structure based on Chinese context and meaning.The two-dimensional feature of Polanyi expressed criterion which was neglected by academe in half a century was then disclosed,based on which an express/master knowledge classification matrix model was constructed,disclosing the objective existence of non-Polanyi tacit knowledge and non-Polanyi explicit knowledge.Finally,some new mechanisms,new paths and new methods which were presented in the process of knowledge generation and transformation were analyzed again based on the express/master matrix;the SECI spiral model by Ikujiro Nonaka was then improved.


This research aimed to deepen the study of pedagogical strategies for the improvement of school coexistence in students from 14 to 16 years old in an educational institution of Cereté, Córdoba; taking into


International patents collaboration (IPC) and the transfer of knowledge spillovers has received more and more attention for scholars. Whereas it has been traditionally emphasized the effect of IPC on the technological development of countries, there are also indications that these collaborations might have a social impact. For this reason, we analyze in depth the social impact of different types of IPC. In particular, we aim to test this phenomenon with a sample of the OECD and emerging countries for the period between 2004 to 2012. In addition, we also investigate separately the differences between countries in terms of IPC. Finally, we conclude that the best option in terms of social impact is patents invented in home for developed countries and patents invented in host countries for developing countries. Our paper provides policy recommendations regarding which type of IPC are more profitable in terms of social impact.


The femtosecond visible laser radiation ranked among the possible modem light sourses for the optical microlithography. For the intensive femtosecond laser radiation the multyphoton excitation of high molecular electron states prevails over the linear excitation. The excitation of these states effects the ionisation of the molecules (or of the molecular groops), by this means the thin film of the photoresist is turned to plasma in a time of hundreds femtoseconds. Ablation of the material is principally caused by this process. As the experiments and the estimations imply, the treated surface after ablation is not subjected to thermic or mechanical stresses. An estimated thickness of the heat affected zone is not more than 0.02 ptm. The shape of the ablated surface correlates with the profile of the laser radiation intensity to the power P (the value P is in the region 2 - 4). The treated surface after ablation is smooth. The typical depth of ablation (per one laser pulse) is about 0.2-0.4 tm .This depth depends only weakly on the intensity of laser radiation and on the chemical composition of the photoresist. By the same procedure it is possible to treat the photoresists, the semiconductors, and some optical materials. The high degree ionized plasma ejected from the ablated surface under action of laser radiation in principle does not pollute the optical system. In this manner the ablation by femtosecond laser pulses is convinient to use in microlithography. In this article it is suggested a manner of the forming of the profile of laser radiation with the use of an electrically controlled photomask. The required profile of the laser intensity is formed by the matrix of transmitting and reflecting cells of the photomask. The state ofevery cell is electrically controlled by the computer. The states of the set are variable with the frequency that is less or equal to 25 Hz. The suggested system of the optical microlithography: 1) does not need for the collection of constant photomasks. This collection completely is replaced by the collection of controlling computer programs 2) does not use the process of any gas or liquid development, because of the process of ablation is used in this system. 3) is adaptable to the process of fabrication of special-purposed custom-made microcircuites, hologramms and other optical components. It is necessary only to change the computer program. 4) in princible makes possible the realization of ablation with the linear resolution 0.8 ptm.

KEYWORDS: femtosecond visible laser radiation, electrically controlled photomask, ablation, fabrication of custom-made components, dry microlithography.


The human skeletal remains analyzed in th is study come from the medieval cemetery of Feldioa ra, Romania (XIIth – XIIIth centuries). A total number of 144 individuals were identified in the 124 grave s excavated in several field periods between 1990 and 2007. In this work the characteristics of osteolyt ic lesions, identified in a skeleton of a 30–34 years old femal e, are discussed. All the skeletal elements availab le for analysis were subject to careful macroscopic and ra diologic evaluations. Numerous lesions with various shapes and dimensions ranging between 2 mm and 25 mm were pr sent in both cranial and post-cranial skeleton. All the characteristics of the pathological changes are ind icative of a metastatic carcinoma. While a precise diagnosis of the primary lesion is not possible, the characteris tics of the lesions as well as the age and sex of t he individual suggest that the metastatic carcinoma originated fr om a breast cancer. Nevertheless, other types of tu mors such as pulmonary cancer cannot be excluded.


Branched polystyrenes have been prepared from styrene and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) at 80 ℃.The polymerization catalyzed by the complex of CuBr/2,2′-bipyridyl was proceeded by one step without solvent.The structures and the properties of polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR,GC,MALLS,GPC and DSC.It is proved that the formation of highly branched structure only occurs at the middle stage of polymerization by the coupling of linear oligomers formed at the early stage.The molecular weight determined by MALLS is 7.9×105 and its Tg is slightly lower than that of linear polystyrenes.


The thesis investigates bifurcations from homoclinic solutions of ordinary differential equations. Homoclinic solutions are characterised by approaching an equilibrium, i.e. a constant solution of a differential equation, in both positive and negative time. The thesis is devoted to the analysis of homoclinic bifurcations that originate from a change in the type of the associated equilibrium. Several scenarios are considered in the class of reversible ordinary differential equations. The main part of the thesis deals with solutions homoclinic to equilibria that themselves undergo a local bifurcation. In this process the type of the equilibrium changes from a real saddle (with real leading eigenvalues) to a saddle-centre (with a pair of imaginary eigenvalues). The interplay of local and global bifurcation effects requires a new analytical approach. By a combination of analytical and geometric techniques a description of bifurcating homoclinic solutions is derived. Thereby both purely reversible systems and systems with additional symmetry or Hamiltonian structure are considered. The second part of the thesis discusses a homoclinic bifurcation in which the associated equilibrium undergoes a transition from real saddle to complex saddle-focus (with complex leading eigenvalues). The existence of two primary homoclinic solutions forming a so-called bellows structure is assumed. Using an analytical technique known as Lin's method results about the bifurcation of N -homoclinic orbits are derived. The theory is applied to physical problems from nonlinear optics and water wave theory as well as to two mathematical model systems. Numerical investigations confirm the general bifurcation results.


Reaction of Ph2P(C⋮CBut)NSiMe3 (1) with KP(H)Ph afforded 3-(iminophosphorano)-1-phosphaallyl potassium, [3·(OEt2)3], which was recrystallized from Et2O to give a solvent-free complex, (3). Treatment of Me2P(C⋮CPh)NSiMe3 (2) with LiP(R)Ph (R = H, SiMe2But) formed 2-(iminophosphorano)-1-phosphaallyllithium, (R = H, n = 1.5, 4; R = SiMe2But, n = 2, 5), via a hydrogen or SiMe2But group 1,3-P → C migration. Reaction of 4 or 5 with SnCl2 in 2:1 ratio in Et2O yielded P, N-chelating tin(II) complexes (R = H, 6; R = SiMe2But, 7). Complex 6 was also obtained by treatment of ClSnN(SiMe3)2 with 1 equiv of 4. X-ray data are provided for 3, 5, and 6. Complex 3 is polymeric in the solid state without coordinated solvent molecules, whereas both crystalline 5 and 6 are monomeric.


There were three objectives of this research, namely; (1) to describe the validity, practicality and effectiveness of realistic mathematics approach-based materials to improve students' math reasoning skill and emotional intelligence, (2) to improve students' math reasoning skill through developing materials, (3) to improve students' emotional intelligence through developing materials. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, this developing research used the modification of 4-D development model. There were four stages performed, namely; define, design, develop, and disseminate. The experiment was conducted in grade VII-1 and VII-2 containing 35 students of MTs S Muhammadiyah Sei Apung Jaya. After experiment I and II, this research found that (1) the validity of material was valid based on the experts, the practicality of materials met the standards in which the validator stated that the materials can be used by doing some revision, the result of the observation also showed that the material was high category level, the material had proper worksheet, and the effectiveness of materials could be showed from three sides; the number of students' completeness, the active participation of students, and the positive feedback of students, (2) there was the significant improvement of students' math reasoning skill in which experiment II with 70.97 was higher than experiment I with 65.63, and (3) there was the significant improvement of students' emotional intelligence in which experiment II with 2,82 was higher than experiment I with 2,75.


It has been demonstrated by many researchers that an unknown dynamic plant can be made to track an input command signal if the plant is preceded by a controller which approximates the inverse of the plant's transfer function. Precascading a plant with its inverse model provides an unity mapping between the input and output signal space. This concept of inverse modeling has been referred to as adaptive inverse control. However, the concept of transfer function is limited to linear systems, and the control algorithms developed under this framework can not be extended to nonlinear systems. Due to the functional approximation and learning capabilities, the artificial neural networks can be employed to extend the concept of adaptive inverse control to nonlinear systems. In this paper, two dynamic neural structures, called recurrent neural network and dynamic neural processor, are used to coerce the nonlinear systems to follow the desired trajectories based on the principle of adaptive inverse control. In the process, we compare the performance of these two dynamic neural structures as applied to the inverse control problems.


ABSTRACT A small-scale feasibility study was conducted to explore the implementation of academic language time (ALT) in primary grade classrooms with and without access to digital devices. Academic language time is a structural change that dedicates a portion of language arts instructional time to direct vocabulary instruction using evidence-based techniques. Over a 6-week period, teachers and students in eight urban primary grade classrooms participated in the study. Fidelity of implementation and students' pre- and post-vocabulary performance were used to gauge the ease and effectiveness of implementation as indicators of feasibility. Results showed that a majority of classrooms, print and digital-enriched, met fidelity benchmarks, suggesting ease of implementation. All classrooms showed pre/post-gains in students' vocabulary learning, indicating effectiveness of implementation. The wide range of fidelity across classrooms, however, suggests that a more nuanced analysis of fidelity may be required to improve the implementation effectiveness of ALT for purposes of replication.


Three body heavy meson decays allows one to extract important quantities for flavour physic, however the phenomenological analysis has some open problems to be solved in order to make possible to extract physical parameters with precision. After many years and some experience accumulated, we have learned new features and we expect to learn much more from data coming mainly from B three body decays. In this paper we address these aspects and we present a proposal to modify the Dalitz fit amplitude method in order to allow further studies.


Undoubtedly, in the conditions of active use of Artificial Intelligence (hereinafter – AI) in many areas of human life, the topic of this scientific research is extremely relevant. Despite the rapid development of robotic technology and its impact on the improvement of human life, it is extremely important to consider the threats and problems of using AI without proper human control. That is why it is necessary to improve international and national legislation for the safe use of AI for the benefit of humanity, and not against human rights.An important aspect of solving the issue of legal regulation of AI is the study of the legal nature and possible legal personality of AI from the point of view of it impact on humans and human rights. This article, in particular, exami-nes the possible impact of the legal personality of AI on human rights, as well as the feasibility of granting AI the status of a subject. In addition, scientific sources on the liability of AI for damage caused by its use were analyzed.Advantages and threats in the case of human use of AI are separately highlighted. The need to legally fix the obligations of AI producers to create it in such a way that it ensures justice in society, supports human activities and basicrights, and does not reduce, limit or mislead human autonomy is justified. Thelevel of autonomy of AI should be carefully controlled by a person, since thesetechnical means should be used to strengthen positive social changes and help a person, and not become a competitor or a fully equal subject of social relations.


Objective To discuss clinical the effect of Zhenwu Decoction therapy in the treatment of elderly type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Methods Choosing 42 patients with elderly type 2 diabetic retinopathy in our hospital and randomly dividing them into two groups, the treatment group treatd with Zhenwu Decoction and control group treated with conventional medicine, the treatment effect of the two groups were compared. Results The treatment group was significantly higher than the total efficiency, patients treated with cortisol after treatment was significantly lower than the control group, a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion Zhenwu Decoction therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy has a significant therapeutic effect, worthy of clinical application.


The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement had to address a fundamental fissure in constitutional thought on the island of Ireland; when it came to the legitimacy of the island's constitutional arrangements, was this dependent upon one group of constituent power holders, or two? The question had been contested since partition, and this paper explores how the conundrum was resolved through the use of John Hume's concept of a people of Northern Ireland, who would have the ability to determine whether to remain within the United Kingdom (UK) or join a unified Ireland. This concept might have sufficed to tackle a tricky issue in the 1998 negotiations, but it remained all-but-unexplored in the years after, until the UK's voters backed its withdrawal from the European Union (EU) in June 2016. This outcome changed the debate on the (re)unification of Ireland, and necessitates a new understanding of this group of constituent power holders. To reflect the 1998 Agreement, the people of Northern Ireland also gained special protections in the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement. Finally, alongside these developments, the UK Government's application of immigration rules and ascription of nationality to the people of Northern Ireland called the nature of this status into question. This article considers how the use of this term is changing in light of these pressures and the impact of these shifts for the debate over Northern Ireland's constitutional future.


The consumption of cosmetics promotes high investments in Brazil and worldwide. In
order to demonstrate the behavior of femaJe consumers aged between ten and sixty-nine years
old and with different incomes, a quantitative research on a case study was performed. In each
range of products in the cosmetics sector, such as hair, nails, skin Of face, a product was
identified as the preferred product as well as opinions of purchase, order and degree of
interest when taking care of the body .. Both due to income variation or consumer's age,
differences were found bringing a feminine vision ofthe sector in the city ofResende - RJ.


The invention discloses a semiconductor element and a manufacturing method thereof. The semiconductor element comprises a substrate, an epitaxial layer, a first well, a second well, a third well, a first heavily doped region, a second heavily doped region, an injection region and a conducting layer. The epitaxial layer is arranged on the substrate. The first well is located in the epitaxial layer. The second well is located in the epitaxial layer. The third well is located in the epitaxial layer and located between the first well and the second well. The first heavily doped region is located in the first well. The second heavily doped region is located in the second well. A surface channel is formed between the first heavily doped region and the second heavily doped region. The injection region is located between the surface channel and the substrate in an integrally configured mode and arranged in the projection range of the first well, the second well and the third well. The conducting layer is arranged above the surface channel.


The features of customs regulation in tourism at present. The problems of development of tourist activities in Russia in the field of customs regulations.


A novel magnetic field GMI-sensor/meter has been invented and designed. Its laboratory model was constructed and tested, demonstrating the sensitivity of 1 × 10 T (100 μGs). The principle of operation of this meter is based on changes of the quality factor of the resonance circuit a part of which is a magnetic GMI sensing element. These changes are due to variations in the real component of the impedance of this element caused by an external DC-field. The sensing element is in the form of a piece of the "non-magnetostrictive" amorphous ribbon. Magnetic field modulation of an acoustic frequency and feedback circuit (compensating field) applied to the device, significantly increases stability and linearity of the measuring system.


The nuclear energy acceptance creates several problems, and one of the most important is the disposal of the radioactive waste. International experiences show that not only environmental, radiological and technical questions have to be analyzed, but the public opinion about the project must be considered. The objective of this article is to summarize some public involvement aspects associated with low and intermediate level waste repositories. Experiences from USA, Canada, South Africa, Ukraine and other countries are studied and show the importance of the population in the site selection process for a repository.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disease with fluctuating disease severity that requires long-term control. Patients report that complete or almost complete skin clearance is highly important as a treatment goal. Upadacitinib is a selective oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with greater inhibitory potency for JAK1 vs. JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2. In this post-hoc analysis of the upadacitinib phase 3/3b studies, we analysed the time patients spent in skin clearance response states over 16 weeks with upadacitinib 15 mg (UPA 15) and 30 mg (UPA 30) compared to placebo and dupilumab. Data were from phase 3/3b multicenter, randomized, double-blinded studies comparing the safety and efficacy of upadacitinib to either placebo (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) or dupilumab (Heads Up) in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. In the Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2 studies, adults and adolescents were randomized to receive UPA 15, UPA 30 or a placebo once daily for 16 weeks. In the Heads Up study, adults were randomized to receive UPA 30 once daily or dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks beginning at week 2 following an initial loading dose of 600 mg. The days patients spent in skin clearance response states based on Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) improvements ≥75%/90%/100% (EASI 75/90/100) from baseline were assessed. Missing data at study visits were imputed using non-responder imputation. Response states between study visits were interpolated using the last observation carried forward. Integrated data from Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2 included 1683 adults and adolescents randomized to UPA 15 (N = 557), UPA 30 (N = 567), or placebo (N = 559); 44.0% were female, and 48.8% had previously received systemic therapy. In the Heads Up study, 692 adults were randomized to UPA 30 (N = 348) or dupilumab (N = 344); 45.5% were female, and 51.0% had previously received systemic therapy. Patients in Measure Up 1 and 2 taking UPA 15 or UPA 30 cumulatively spent a greater proportion of days in EASI 75 (UPA 15: 54.2%, UPA 30: 64.6%, Placebo: 10.2%), EASI 90 (UPA 15: 32.0%, UPA 30: 44.0%, Placebo: 3.2%), and EASI 100 (UPA 15: 7.5%, UPA 30: 13.5%, Placebo: 0.6%) response states compared to placebo over 16 weeks. In the Heads Up study, patients taking UPA 30 vs. dupilumab cumulatively spent a greater proportion of days in EASI 75 (58.9% vs. 36.9%), EASI 90 (42.1% vs. 19.1%), and EASI 100 (11.8% vs. 3.3%) response states over 16 weeks. Treatment of moderate-to-severe AD with UPA 15 or UPA 30 resulted in a greater proportion of days spent with higher levels of skin clearance (EASI 75/90/100) compared to placebo over 16 weeks, mirroring findings from the Heads Up study comparing UPA 30 to dupilumab. Increases in time spent with high levels of skin clearance with upadacitinib treatment may reflect improved long-term disease control and translate into more time spent experiencing a better quality of life that is less burdened by AD.


This paper focuses on the theory method and application of the continuous gust loads for the airplane.The main idea is that under the three coupling actions of unsteady air force,elastic force and inertial force,establishing the flexible movement equation,and then calculating the response function of frequency of output quantity(the displacement,load factor,load) in the frequency domain.It also calculated the vertical gust loads according to the airworthiness requirements of civil airplane.


Clofazimine should be added to the regimen of drugs used to treat paucibacillary leprosy, the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended.1

Clofazimine is a lipophilic riminophenazine antibiotic with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The latest recommendation from the Indian Council of Medical Research is based on a review it conducted on published data that showed that clofazimine "can be safely used . . . along with dapsone and rifampicin for the 6 month multidrug therapy (MDT) being used in the treatment of paucibacillary leprosy."

India achieved …


In general, estuaries may be classified variously according to inlet dynamics, geomorphology orwhether they are tide or river dominated or, on a combination of all three factors. In KwaZulu-Natal (KZN),South Africa, the four recognised estuary types are temporary opened-closed estuaries (TOCEs), permanently opened estuaries, estuarine lakes and river mouths. Since physico-chemical parameters are important in defining the estuarine environment, multiple Pearson correlations were performed between summer datasets of five of these parameters: temperature (oC), salinity (ppt), pH and turbidity (Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)) according to clustered estuary types for all estuaries of KZN. It was found that very few significant relationships exist in all estuary types. These results are partly reflective of the sampling dataset. During summer, open mouth conditions commonly prevail for several estuaries following seasonal hinterland rainfall. Mixing of waters due to tidal influences and fluvial input from the upper catchment in KZN's shallow estuaries is known to inhibit stratification resulting in fewer pycnoclines and greater turbidity fluctuations. pH changes are closely linked to density changes (temperature and salinity) in water hence statistical relationships may not always be observable. It is clear that physico-chemical interactions are complex and long term sampling with seasonality and mouth state dynamics need to be taken into consideration. There is a need to develop a more holistic understanding of estuarine ecosystem functioning in this region.


Scholarship on higher education decries the levels of student activism in postapartheid South Africa. It argues that student organisation is sporadic, fragmented and unrepresentative of broad student layers. Because of its emphasis on political identities as well as the failure to define activism broader than protests, this assessment fails to recognise the myriad of organisations such as cultural and religious bodies in South African universities today. By ignoring these forms of organisation, the literature that emphasises the decline in student activism after the demise of apartheid not only ignores initiatives where students are organising around their 'new' identities, but also fails to appreciate how historically these 'hold-over' organisations connected one wave of protest to the other. Using the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) as a research site, this article focuses on ethnic identities as a significant feature around which a section of the student population is organising. The paper looks at how the disappearance of legal apartheid, the new political environment as well as the failure of traditional political student movements to organise around their constituency's multiple identities, have provided space and impetus for new forms of organisation. Resume La recherche academique sur l'enseignement superieur sous-estime les niveaux d'activisme etudiant dans l'Afrique du Sud d'apres l'apartheid. Elle pretend que l'organisation des etudiants est sporadique, fragmentee et peu representative des larges couches etudiantes. Du fait de l'accent mis sur les identites politiques aussi bien qu'a cause de l'echec a definir l'activisme de facon plus large que ses manifestations sous forme de protestations, cette estimation ne parvient pas a reconnaitre


The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador under Title II, Chapter I, which speaks of the Principles of the Rights in its article 11 paragraph 1 determines that the exercise of the rights shall be governed by principles like: "Rights they may exercise, promote and enforce individually or collectively to the competent authorities; These authorities will ensure compliance. "Thus, it is important to know that at any time, can demand respect and compensation for rights when they are affected, to the competent authorities.
The Constitution also refers in the same paragraph of Article 9: "The highest duty of the State to respect and enforce the rights guaranteed in the Constitution." This means that the State is above any law that violates the rights guaranteed under the rules of this body of law, policy making or reform these laws.
From this perspective and in the field of contracts, which carry different obligations and rights for those involved, according to the stipulated by the Constitution and relevant laws, which are the agreements reached by the parties.
Thus, there are cases where you can not conclude contracts for different situations; hence there is a promise to conclude a contract of sale. The Civil Code in force presents some inconsistencies and shortcomings with respect to this legal concept, its Article 1570 states: "The promise of entering into a contract produces no obligation;. unless the following conditions: 1. That promise is in writing; and by deed, when he is concluding a contract for the validity of such solemnity required, under the provisions of the Code; 2. The contract promised not to declare the laws ineffective; 3. That the promise contains a term or condition set by the time of conclusion of the contract; and, 4. That specified therein so the contract promised, missing only, to make it perfect, the tradition of the thing, or the formalities prescribed by law.
When a promise of sale, which are key elements as the time required to configure, which is set by public deed, and the specification of the tradition, but it happens that this is not allowed registration in the Land Registry is signed, which cause failure by the parties legal uncertainty which entails the right to own insecurity.
Hence the need for a research work to establish as another obligation of the promise of sale, registration in the land registry or trade registers, depending on the type of asset, as their lack of registration causes, which in many cases, such goods are misused by their owners and incur double sale or similar cases to it.


The present work describes a comprehensive design and scalable micro-fabrication technique for the production of novel 3D cathodes, consisting of chemical-vapor-deposition-grown high-density multi-wall carbon nanotubes along the walls of alumina microchannels. Under high DC and AC electric fields, the 3D cathodes displayed significantly high and moderately stable emission current of ∼ 5.25 and ∼ 14 mA, respectively. The inherent advantages of the 3D microchannel geometry for cold cathodes are higher emitter area, less ion bombardment and robustness under high voltage conditions. The 3D cathodes are envisioned to offer an entirely new class of miniature electron sources for high current vacuum microelectronics.


Small Tourism Enterprises help in shaping the current industry and in shaping economic sustainability and the impact of tourism on society and the environment for future generations. Firms and their owners go through three stages of sustainable strategic development, pollution prevention strategies, product stewardship strategies and sustainable development strategies.


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Abstract Arthur Ames Bliss (1859–1913), in a memoir of his residency at Philadelphia's municipal hospital lackley) in 1883 and 1884, recalled the finishing room for photographic work and the 'many hours I spent there in developing my views of Blackley scenery, of its life and customs and queer inmates'. In one passage entitled 'Out after game' he offers a description of a sojourn on the grounds that is at once chilling and elegiac. A tripod under his arm, his holders loaded with plates, he sets out to capture on film the old outwarders (residents of the pauper rather than the medical wards) in their 'ragged picturesqueness'. 'Six seconds,' he wrote, 'and I have them forever'.1


An inclusive curriculum anticipates and provides strategies to support a diverse range of learners. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) offers medical educators three core principles, which can be used to design curriculum objectives, activities, instructional materials, and assessments with embedded flexibility, equitability


Over the years, Taiwan government has launched various community development programs in order to improve the economic condition of rural societies, to enhance the quality of rural living environment, and to narrow the income difference between rural and urban people. However, despite so many community development programs, popular participation in public affairs is still yet achieved successfully.Due to the disadvantaged situations rural people are facing, a new set of concepts "the integrated reconstruction of communities" was introduced in 1994 to re-energized the rural communities. The vision of this new program is to revitalize and to reconstruct rural communities with its own unique culture, which is vigorous and sustainable. It was a continuation of the past community development programs with a special focus on its entirety (i.e. integration of all relevant resources) , people participation, people development and the process of bottom-up.The integrated reconstruction of communities program has been conducted for more than four years, and is subject to more deliberate and comprehensive assessment. Based on a preliminary evaluation from the administration agent and the researcher's observation, five results are achieved to some extent since the introduction of this program, including: 1) empowerment of community people, 2) enhancement of community competitiveness, 3) advancement of community pride, 4) improvement of community social and physical environment, and 5) development of grass-root organizations.However, there are also some problems and difficulties happened during the implementation of these programs, which includes: 1) discontinuation of community development programs, 2) political conflicts among the local organizations, 3) distortion of original local development plans, 4) dependence on the government subsidies, and 5) lack of popular participation.The development program of Bai-Mi community (白米社區) is one good example of the "Integrated Reconstruction of Communities" program. Along with the process of industrialization, economic development, and outmigration, the community living environment was deteriorated. Bai-Mi Community Development Association was formed in 1993 to implement different kinds of revitalizing programs, with a renaissance of the local produce-Moo-Gi (木屐,a kind of wooden slipper). In the near future, the commercialization of Moo-Gi commodity must be enhanced, the spatial arrangement and beautification of the community environment must be improved. The planning and construction of substitute road is even more important.


AbstractCentral Chile is facing dramatic projections of climate change, with a consensus for declining precipitation, negatively affecting hydropower generation and irrigated agriculture. Rising from sea level to 6000 m within a distance of 200 km, precipitation characterization is difficult because of a lack of long-term observations, especially at higher elevations. For understanding current mean and extreme conditions and recent hydroclimatological change, as well as to provide a baseline for downscaling climate model projections, a temporally and spatially complete dataset of daily meteorology is essential. The authors use a gridded global daily meteorological dataset at 0.25° resolution for the period 1948–2008, adjusted by monthly precipitation observations interpolated to the same grid using a cokriging method with elevation as a covariate. For validation, daily statistics of the adjusted gridded precipitation are compared to station observations. For further validation, a hydrology model is driven...


Objective &bgr;-Adrenergic receptor antagonists are widely utilized for the management of cardiac diseases in dogs. We have recently identified two deletion polymorphisms in the canine adrenoreceptor 1 (ADRB1) gene. We hypothesized that canine ADRB1 deletions would alter the structure of the protein, as well as the heart rate response to the &bgr;-adrenergic receptor antagonist, atenolol. The objectives of this study were to predict the impact of these deletions on the predicted structure of the protein and on the heart rate response to atenolol in a population of healthy adult dogs. Methods Eighteen apparently healthy, mature dogs with (11) and without (seven) ADRB1 deletions were evaluated. The heart rate of the dogs was evaluated with a baseline ambulatory ECG before and 14–21 days after atenolol therapy (1 mg/kg orally q12 h). Minimum, average, and maximum heart rates were compared between groups of dogs (deletions, controls) using an unpaired t-test and within each group of dogs using a paired t-test. The protein structure of ADRB1 was predicted by computer modeling. Results Deletions were predicted to alter the structure of the ADRB1 protein. The heart rates of the dogs with deletions were lower than those of the control dogs (the average heart rates were significantly lower). Conclusion ADRB1 deletions appear to have structural and functional consequences. Individual genome-based treatment recommendations could impact the management of dogs with heart disease.


Because of its reliability and flexibility, wireless power transfer (WPT) has become a hit in recent years. In some typical applications of WPT, such as electric vehicles, the current mainstream charging power level cannot meet user's charging needs. Thus, it is necessary to develop high-power wireless charging technology. Modularization is considered as a possible solution to realize high-power WPT. The structure of coupled coils and the modular design of magnetic couples are closely related to the performance of a modular WPT system. When the mainstream planar coils are applied to the modular WPT system, the coupling coefficient of the system is not ideal. In order to solve this problem, two modular WPT arrangements with flat solenoid coils are proposed in this paper. The factors affecting the transferred power of a modular WPT system are analyzed. The electromagnetic modeling and simulation of the proposed modular arrangements are carried out, and the feasibility of the proposed arrangements is verified.


The physicians of Qing Dynasty made deeper knowledge to the formation and harm of the phlegm and systematically summarized the theory of the diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of the phlegm diseases. In the literatures of such as CHEN Shi-duo, LIN Pei-qin, HE Meng-yao, YOU Zai-jing, the special discussion of the phlegm diseases diagnosis and treatment which contents were theory, principle, prescription and drugs. Next, in the surgery, ophthalmology, gynecology, pediatrics, the physicians paid attention to the diagnosis and treatment from the phlegm and summarized the clinical practical experience. Moreover, in the Chuan Ya Nei Bian, Chuan Ya Wai Bian written by ZHAO Xue-min, the experience of "Zou Fang Yi" on treating the phlegm disease by the method of Ding, Chuan, Jie had its own characteristics.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is the beginning of each crystallization, located in the confinement of a saturated solution with excess enantiomeric bilayer region, it consists in cooling the entire according fully configured reaction kinetics ; was added a racemic mixture of fine granularity in the mother liquor obtained after harvest crystals, then present in excess enantiomeric only solid state temperature lower than the homogenization temperature of the solution to equilibrate with the solution characterized by the, to a method of halving the optical enantiomers by preferential crystallization. Won another enantiomer by new cooling, it is possible to end the cycle of operation can be continued and then repeatedly.


Antiferromagnetic ordering on a kagome net is frustrated by the geometry of the lattice. The infinite number of classical ground states suggests that the system might not order at zero temperature, even for Heisenberg spins. However, high-temperature series expansions and earlier simulations indicate that this degeneracy is resolved by thermal fluctuations (i.e., order by disorder), suggesting a nine-sublattice coplanar Neel-like ordering of the spins. Coplanar nematic, random three-state Potts, and Neel orderings for the Heisenberg kagome lattice antiferromagnet are investigated with Monte Carlo simulations coupled with state-of-the-art histogram methods for data analysis


Euler vectors provide a unified framework to quantify the relative or absolute motions of tectonic plates through various geodetic and geophysical observations. With the advent of space geodesy, Euler parameters of several relatively small plates have been determined through the velocities derived from the space geodesy observations. However, the available data are usually insufficient in number and quality to estimate both the Euler vector components and the Euler pole parameters reliably. Since Euler vectors are defined globally in an Earth-centered Cartesian frame, estimation with the limited geographic coverage of the local/regional geodetic networks usually results in highly correlated vector components. In the case of estimating the Euler pole parameters directly, the situation is even worse, and the position of the Euler pole is nearly collinear with the magnitude of the rotation rate. In this study, a new method, which consists of an analytical derivation of the covariance matrix of the Euler vector in an ideal network configuration, is introduced and a regularized estimation method specifically tailored for estimating the Euler vector is presented. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the least squares estimation in terms of the mean squared error.