QUESTIONS 1. What does figure 1 show? A. Normal radiograph B. Faecal impaction C. Skeletal abnormality D. Renal calculi E. Bowel obstruction Movicol was started, and the patient was discharged. Two further assessments for abdominal pain were sought in the next fortnight. No further investigations were ordered, and there was no change to management. Three weeks from the original presentation, she developed leg pain and inability to weight-bear. No urinary symptoms were present. Lower limb examination revealed increased tone with extensor plantars bilaterally. A tender posterior right lower thoracic swelling was noted. A chest radiograph was carried out (figure 2).


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The presence of IPH is considered the most dangerous feature because it is significantly associated with clinical ipsilateral cerebrovascular events. Our aim was to explore the characterization of plaque with CT in symptomatic subjects with bilateral intraplaque hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-hundred-forty-three consecutive patients with recent anterior circulation ischemic events (<2 weeks) and CT of the carotid arteries (performed within 14 days of the cerebrovascular event) evaluated between June 2012 and September 2017 were analyzed for plaque volume composition to identify all subjects with bilateral intraplaque hemorrhage. Plaque volume was semiautomatically measured, and tissue components were classified according to the attenuation values such as the following: calcified (for values of ≥130 HU), mixed (for values of ≥60 and <130 HU), lipid (for values of ≥25 and <60 HU), and intraplaque hemorrhage (for values of <25 HU). Twenty-one subjects (15 men; mean age, 70 ± 11 years; range, 44–87 years) had bilateral intraplaque hemorrhage and were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Volume measurement revealed significantly larger plaques on the symptomatic side compared with the asymptomatic one (mean, 28 ± 9 versus 22 ± 8 mm, P = .007). Intraplaque hemorrhage volume and percentage were also significantly higher in the plaque ipsilateral to the cerebrovascular event (P < .001 and < .001, respectively). The volume of other plaque components did not show a statically significant association except for lipid and lipid + intraplaque hemorrhage percentages (23% versus 18% and 11% versus 15%), which were significantly different between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic sides (.016 and .011, respectively). The intraplaque hemorrhage/lipid ratio was higher on the symptomatic side (0.596 versus 0.171, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with bilateral intraplaque hemorrhage and recent ischemic symptoms, the plaque ipsilateral to the symptomatic side has significantly larger volume and a higher percentage of intraplaque hemorrhage compared with the contralateral, asymptomatic side.


Paragangliomas are benign neoplasms of neuroendocrine origin. It is estimated that from 20% to 50% of these tumors are familial. Mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene family have been found to be responsible for a significant percentage of familial paragangliomas.


In the process of electromagnetic launching (EML), armature-rail contact is affected by the start-up contact. Because the location of the pulse current flowing into the armature is determined by that of the start-up contact region, the distributions of the current and electromagnetic force (EMF) in the armature are affected by the start-up contact. In this paper, the start-up contact between the conventional C-armature and rail is analyzed. Additionally, the distributions of the current flow and EMF in the armature are analyzed. The EMF resulting from the electromagnetic analysis is transferred to the structural analysis via a method of electromagnetic-structure coupling, and the distribution of the armature-rail contact pressure is acquired. Some armature contact parameters and the concept of the armature contact efficiency are proposed. The relationships between the contact parameters and the contact efficiencies of armatures with different lengths are acquired based on a series of simulations. To improve the contact efficiency of the armature, a method called "reverse loading" is presented to design an armature with a new profile. The traditional straight armature is replaced with a curved armature, and the results show that the contact efficiency of the armature with the curved profile is greatly improved.


A patient had cutaneous metastases arising from a testicular teratocarcinoma. The patient had elevated levels of chorionic gonadotropin hormone in his urine. He had a satisfactory response to dactinomycin (actinomycin D) therapy during the following 11 months.


Let {T"n(t)}^~"n"="1 be a sequence of strongly continuous linear semigroups on Banach spaces X"n converging in the sense of Kato to a semigroup T(t) on the Banach space X. We discuss under what conditions the chaoticity of T"n(t) is inherited by T(t). We apply our results to a discrete parabolic equation.


Recent advances in echocardiography have allowed assessment of flow velocity in the epicardial coronary arteries of patients with ischemic heart disease, using transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography (TTDE). However, few data are available regarding coronary blood flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).


In this work, we generalize the results obtained in (J. Geom. Anal., 32(6):Paper No.173, 32, 2022), presenting some examples of $CD(0,N)$ spaces having different dimensions in different regions, deducing in particular that the topological splitting may fail in $CD(0,N)$ spaces. We also observe that any reasonable non-branching condition may fail in $CD(0,N)$ spaces and that the existence of an optimal transport map, between two absolutely continuous marginals, is not guaranteed by the $CD(0,N)$ condition, without requiring a non-branching assumption. Moreover, we show that the strict $CD(0,N)$ condition is strictly stronger than the classical $CD(0,N)$ one and it is not stable with respect to the measured Gromov-Hausdorff convergence.


The authors explored the effects of part-time work on school achievement during high school. To estimate the true effects of part-time work on school grades, the authors included family background, students' educational aspirations, and school engagement as controls. Although a substantial literature exists on the relationship of part-time work and school achievement, the findings are inconsistent. The authors hypothesized that work intensity, as measured by number of work hours per week during the school year, would produce a negative effect on achievement. Results indicate that work hours do have a negative relationship with students' self-reported grades after controlling for family background, educational aspirations, and school-engagement. The authors also discuss practical implications of the findings.


Little empirical work has been initiated that broadens the definition of racial socialization and its measurement to integrate it with current theoretical discussion of racial identity developmentand AfricanAmerican cultural characteristics and strengths. This study reports the development and validation of the Scale of Racial SocializationforAdolescents (SORS-A). A principal components analysis was conducted following administration of the SORS-A and measures of demographics, family communication about racism, and perception of skin color to 200 African American urban teenagers. Four factors were found to be very meaningful and moderately reliable. The racial socialization factors include Spiritual and Religious Coping, Extended Family Caring, Cultural Pride Reinforcement, and Racism Awareness Teaching. A second-order factor analysis to identify underlying themes was also conducted. Themes of protective and proactive racial socialization were found to be supportive of a theoreticalframework for racial socialization that is multidimensional and inclusive of both socially oppressive and culturally empowering experiences.


Background and Aims: Dental caries is a multifactorial and common disease that leads to a decrease in the quality of life of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D and dental caries in the third year-to-last year students of dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 dental students. Demographic and health information were completed through a checklist. The level of vitamin D in individuals was measured by blood sampling. We recorded caries by ICDAS (international caries detection and assessment system) in two levels of D(1-6)MFT (total of decayed, filled and missing tooth) and D(3-6)MFT (total of progressive decayed, filled and missing tooth). Data analysis was done by the SPSS package version 25 using statistical tests of correlation and regression. Results: The results showed that the correlation coefficient between vitamin D and caries index D(1-6)MFT was -0 . 89 with a P-value of 0 . 3328 which was not statistically significant. Based on the backward logistic regression, there was a positive significant statistical association between the D(3-6)MFT with vitamin D deficiency (P<0 . 001), weight (P=0 . 012), dental visit (P=0 . 023) and frequency of sweet snack consumption (P=0 . 03). In addition a significant and inverse statistical association was reported between the D(3-6)MFT and milk consumption (P=0 . 026). Conclusion: Among dentistry students, no relation between vitamin D deficiency and early stages of decay was seen, however this relation was statistically significant in regard with progressive dental caries.


The microstructure and room-mechanical properties of SP700 alloy after multiple solution and aging treatment were studied by scanning electron microscope and metalloscope. The results show that the quantity of secondary α',strength and hardness of the alloy increase with the increase of the cycling times of multiple solution and aging treatment.While the quantity of primary α lamella decreases with increase of the cycling times. Multiple solution and aging treatment can modulate morphology effectively, which can form the dispersed α, β phases and high density dislocations.


The subway station is a densely populated venue,and it would be disastrous if fire break out in these places.The LES field simulation software FDS was used to simulated the fire science at a Island-platform of double decked subway station.Distribution of characteristic parameters such as smoke temperature,concentration of carbon monoxide,velocity field and visibility were obtained during the simulation.Based on the comparison of the simulated results with the subway code,some suggestions for the design foe the smoke control and extraction were proposed in this paper.The conclusion is helpful to the design and operational management of similar subway station.


The objective of this task was to create and validate a three-dimensional model of the GE90 turbofan engine (General Electric) using the APNASA (average passage) flow code. This was a joint effort between GE Aircraft Engines and the NASA Lewis Research Center. The goal was to perform an aerodynamic analysis of the engine primary flow path, in under 24 hours of CPU time, on a parallel distributed workstation system. Enhancements were made to the APNASA Navier-Stokes code to make it faster and more robust and to allow for the analysis of more arbitrary geometry. The resulting simulation exploited the use of parallel computations by using two levels of parallelism, with extremely high efficiency.


This paper presents an application of classical variational analysis to aero spacecraft performance optimization. The scope of a problem may extend from atmospheric flight near the earth to orbital space flight. Comprehensive aerodynamic and airbreathing propulsive system characteristics are included in the vehicle description. Typical structural constraints are provided, and simultaneous operation of rocket and airbreathing propulsive systems is permitted. Variational analysis provides solution criteria for a variety of aero spacecraft performance-optimization problems. The analysis and the solution procedure are outlined and discussed with respect to a representative aerospacecraft performance optimization and a design-evaluation problem. In this example a maximum pay load in orbit is desired using a winged, ramjet-rocket powered vehicle. The essential features of the analysis are demonstrated, and typical evaluation of configuration parameters is shown. Recent experience with related optimization problems is reviewed briefly.


Introduction Nitrates are used in the treatment of coronary heart disease and heart failure. The major drawback of their therapeutic use is the rapid development of tolerance. Aim of the study To investigate the effect of different nitrates on isolated rabbit hearts and aortic strips and the mechanism responsible for nitrate tolerance, using nitroglycerine (NTG), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 5-mononitrate (5MN) and 2-moninitrate (2MN). Materials and methods Preparations were stimulated by different spasmogenic agents: KCl, angiotensin II and noradrenaline; nitrates were administered on the plateau contraction, at the concentration of maximum inhibitory effect. In another series of experiments, preparations were preincubated with the maximum inhibitory concentration of each nitrate to evaluate the induction of tolerance. Results Nitrates produced the following maximum inhibitions on noradrenaline-induced contraction: NTG 90% (10−6 mol/l), ISDN 60% (10−4 mol/l), 5MN 55% (10−4 mol/l) and 2MN 80% (10−4 mol/l). After incubation a loss of vasodilator effect of nearly 50–60% was observed for all the nitrates considered except 2MN, whose loss of effect was significantly lower (36%). The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels measured in the preparations were lower in the presence of 2MN than the other compounds. Conclusion These data suggest that 2MN is able to induce a lower cGMP increase and less tolerance induction; since these observations seem to be correlated, the vasodilator effect of 2MN probably also involves mechanisms other than stimulation of guanylate cyclase.


Rapid convergence of heterogeneous wireless communication technologies such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) etc., attract new opportunities for collaborative usage. More and more applications are emerging to benefit from their advantages. However, with the range of approaches that are used to authenticate the wireless devices in such heterogeneous environments, users are skeptical and looking for more user friendly, flexible and reliable ways to interconnect and utilize these different classes of wireless networks. Wireless network users access the different types of wireless networks either independently or cooperatively. In either case, adequate security provision is critical for the successful operation of the networks. Moreover, emerging technologies should provide seamless transition / migration between these networks. Hence the ability to use a single but unique set of credentials to authenticate the wireless devices in heterogeneous wireless network environments would be an anticipated desire of most users. In this paper a number of authentication mechanisms are examined and evaluated for their advantages and limitations. We then propose a unified authentication protocol that can be encapsulated within the RADIUS protocol utilizing the advantages of public key infrastructure. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is feasible and relatively fast.


In this paper, a function testing size estimation model based on testing steps is proposed. The model applies to black boxtesting, and can be used in dependent test as a third party, This model is conducted overall analysis on COCOMO model. Its basic steps include: design test cases, sum total test steps, define the parameters in the model based on the pattern of model, define size factor, and calculate test Size. The model is applied in some test projects. The applications indicate that this model can be used to estimate the size,and bring positive effect to software test.


The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid, comprising the following four steps: (1) ring-opening reaction; (2) N-substituted phthalimide synthesis; (3) the oxidation reaction ; (4) the hydrolysis reaction. The present invention avoids the process line before the high costs associated with levulinic acid bromide, dangerous and other issues. Brominated products a single, easily separated, while shortening the production cycle, greatly reduce production costs, improve production safety of the product.


The biochemical composition of particulate organic matter (POM) mainly originates from phytoplankton. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) depend on environmental conditions and play a role in the food web and biogeochemical cycle in marine ecosystems. However, little information on their characteristics in the Southern Ocean is available, particularly in winter. To investigate the seasonal characteristics of POM and TEPSs, seawater samples were collected once every two weeks from November 2017 to October 2018 at Jang Bogo Station (JBS) located on the coast of Terra Nova Bay in the Ross Sea. The total chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations increased from spring (0.08 ± 0.06 μg L−1) to summer (0.97 ± 0.95 μg L−1) with a highest Chl-a value of 2.15 μg L−1. After sea ice formation, Chl-a rapidly decreased in autumn (0.12 ± 0.10 μg L−1) and winter (0.01 ± 0.01 μg L−1). The low phytoplankton Chl-a measured in this study was related to a short ice-free period in summer. Strong seasonal variations were detected in the concentrations of proteins and lipids (one-way ANOVA test, p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference in carbohydrate concentrations was observed among different seasons (one-way ANOVA test, p > 0.05). The phytoplankton community was mostly composed of diatoms (88.8% ± 11.6%) with a large accumulation of lipids. During the summer, the POM primarily consisted of proteins. The composition being high in lipids and proteins and the high caloric content in summer indicated that the phytoplankton would make a good food source. In winter, the concentrations of proteins decreased sharply. In contrast, relatively stable concentrations of carbohydrates and lipids have been utilized for respiration and long-term energy storage in the survival of phytoplankton. The TEPS values were significantly correlated with variations in the biomass and species of the phytoplankton. Our study site was characterized by dominant diatoms and low Chl-a concentrations, which could have resulted in relatively low TEP concentrations compared to other areas. The average contributions of TEP-C to the total POC were relatively high in autumn (26.9% ± 6.1%), followed by those in summer (21.9% ± 7.1%), winter (13.0% ± 4.2%), and spring (9.8% ± 3.1%).


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) cement combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on osteogenesis, and to compare the results with use of PRP alone. METHODS: A bilateral defect was produced in rat femurs and was filled with one of two types of treatments (PRP or α-TCP + PRP). The outcomes were evaluated after four and eight weeks. Radiographic images provided values for the lesion area, and histology (picrosirius staining) indicated the area of new bone formation. RESULTS: The means relating to the lesion area of the α-TCP + PRP group (2.64 ± 2.07 and 1.91 ± 0.93 mm², after four and eight weeks, respectively) showed numerically better but non-significant results (p > 0.05) than those seen in the PRP group (5.59 mm ² ± 2.69 and 3.23 ± 1.46 mm ², after four and eight weeks, respectively). The mean new bone formation rates were 62.7% ± 12.1 and 79.01% ± 6.25 in the PRP group, and 73.3% ± 12.7 and 85.86% ± 10.45 in α-TCP + PRP group, after four and eight weeks, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data from this study suggest that treatment with α-TCP cement combined with PRP does not show any significant difference in comparison with PRP alone. However, there is a possible early effect on bone regeneration when the two biomaterials are applied together.


In the construction of tunnel,how to make sure entrance the tunnel safely is an imporant thing.In this text,we conclude long tube's affect in the partial tunnel from tuanyuanshan tunnel's engi- neering example.


In a framework characterized by a relatively high degree of institutionalization, such as that of the European Union, it became difficult to imagine that the problem of Green Public Procurement (GPP) could surpass it. The special importance of the GPP, due to its favorable effects on the sustainable development, conservation / improvement of the environment, human health, etc., to which other positive social-economic implications are added, makes it a distinct subject of both EU strategies / policies, and the related legislative system. In this respect, several directives, decisions and recommendations operate, which have obviously made a strong imprint on the policies and legislation of the Member States. Starting from the European requirements in the field, but also taking into account the regulatory framework applicable in Romania, our approach tackles legal instruments designed to stimulate GPP in the public sector, highlighting the dysfunctions in the field of green procurement special legislation. We consider here some delays in the application of the European legislation and related to the appearance of the guide containing the minimum criteria regarding environmental protection, etc., but also the existence of loopholes or contradictions in the legislative texts, as well as post-adoption deadlocks. In order to achieve the purpose of the paper, which is to demonstrate that the legislative means are capable of stimulating green procurement in the public sector, we carry out a review of the scientific literature, after which we focus on the European legislative system related to GPP. We then insist on the elaboration and implementation of national legal instruments aimed at stimulating the GPP and the arguments for strengthening the GPP system by regulatory means. Lastly, we saved an important part, that of the description of the special legal source intended to regulate the GPP in the national public sector, which is characterized by sluggishness, loopholes, post-adoption deadlocks. Our approach, in the structure shown, demonstrations that the regulatory body regarding the Romanian GPP system is characterized by inefficiency. According to the authors, the solution is implementing some legislative changes, strictly in accordance with the best European practices.


Abstract. In 1979—1980 a multicenter study on serum alpha‐fetoprotein (S‐AFP) screening for detection of fetal neural‐tube and abdominal wall defects (NTD/AWD) was carried out in seven different regions in Sweden. A total of 22991 pregnant women, attending 84 public antenatal clinics, were offered an AFP test between their 15th and 18th completed gestational weeks. The average participation rate was 80.8%. The AFP assays were performed by five hospital laboratories, using the same commercially available assay method. In 19704 women screened, all with known pregnancy outcome, 17/22 fetuses affected by open NTD and 6/8 fetuses having AWD, gave S‐AFP levels exceeding 2 MOM. One placental haemangioma was recognized. Controlsampling was undertaken in 10.5% of the women. Amniocentesis was performed in 1.1% of all women screened with no false negative test results. However, three apparently normal fetuses were aborted at the parents request due to AFP levels in amniotic fluid exceeding 3 MoM.


This paper discusses common control challenges of onboard chargers and high-voltage to low-voltage DC/DC converters, and the benefits of C2000™ real-time MCUs in these subsystems.


The machine learning computation paradigm touched new horizons with the development of deep learning architectures. It is widely used in complex problems and achieved significant results in many traditional applications like protein structure prediction, speech recognition, traffic management, health diagnostic systems and many more. Especially, Convolution neural network (CNN) has revolutionized visual data processing tasks.

Protein structure is an important research area in various domains extending from medical science, health sectors to drug designing. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is the leading tool for protein structure determination. This review aims to study the existing deep learning approaches proposed in the literature to predict proteins' secondary structure and to develop a conceptual relation between FTIR spectra images and deep learning models to predict the structure of proteins.

Various pre-trained CNN models are identified and interpreted to correlate the FTIR images of proteins containing Amide-I and Amide-II absorbance values and their secondary structure.

The concept of transfer learning is efficiently incorporated using the models like Visual Geometry Group (VGG), Inception, Resnet, and Efficientnet. The dataset of protein spectra images is applied as input, and these models act significantly to predict the secondary structure of proteins.

As deep learning is recently being explored in this field of research, it worked remarkably in this application and needs continuous improvement with the development of new models.


In the reactor, the main purpose of radial shielding was to protect the internal structure and staff from radiation damage. The good shielding material must have both a high elastic scattering cross-section and a high absorption cross-section to reduce the radiation level outside the reactor core and ensure the safety of workers and equipment outside the reactor. In this paper, a new type selection scheme of shielding material was proposed, which read the reaction cross-sections of all-natural stable nuclides in the ENDF/B-VII database, calculated the single group cross-sections of various reactions of all nuclides by the integral method according to the neutron energy spectrum. Then ranked the nuclides with different cross-sections as the target, to screen the nuclides with the best neutron and photon shielding effect. In this paper, a typical Monte Carlo particle transport program was used for preliminary verification, which was applied to the energy spectrum of the pressurized water reactor and sodium-cooled fast reactor. The results show that for neutron shielding, photon shielding, and neutron-photon shielding, in the thermal neutron spectrum, the coincidence rates between the non-dominated sorting scheme and the Monte Carlo method were 95 %, 98.95 %, and 94.87 % respectively, and in the fast neutron spectrum, the coincidence rates between the non-dominated sorting scheme and the Monte Carlo method were 72.5 %, 95.79 %, and 82.5 % respectively. The calculation time of non-dominated sorting was less than 3% of that of the Monte Carlo method. It provided an efficient method for the selection of shielding nuclides in advanced reactors and had engineering application significance.


In this short paper, we investigate exceptional sets in the Waring–Goldbach problem for fifth powers. For example, we show that all but O(N213/214) integers subject to the necessary local conditions can be represented as the sum of 11 fifth powers of primes. This improves the previous result.


The requirement for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of metal electrodes for the (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) capacitors for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices becomes more critical as the storage node height increases more than 0.3 μm with a 0.1-μm spacing between them. With this extreme three-dimensional capacitor geometry, the plate electrode needs to be deposited by CVD; otherwise, the device may suffer from a reliability problem due to electrical leakage or chemical reactions. One candidate for use as an electrode material is Ru due to its good electrical performance as an electrode, such as ensuring a low leakage current and a large dielectric constant for BST [1] and Ta2O5 [2] dielectric films, and to its good etching property compared to Pt [3]. However, there are few reports on systematic analyses of Ru thin films deposited by using MOCVD for applications in ultra large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits. In this research, high-quality Ru thin films with good electrical resistivities, as low as 12 μΩcm, were deposited at 300∼400 ◦C by using lowpressure Metalorganic CVD (LP-MOCVD) with a new precursor of Bis(ethyl-π-cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium [Ru(C5H4C2H5)2 : Ru(EtCp)2]. Also, we performed a thermodynamical calculation for Ru MOCVD to explain the results of our experiments.


Aim: The present study aims to examine the association between tongue and
lip movement and physical fitness with a sample of independent
community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A total of 119 older adults living in a
city of Japan participated in this study. Tongue and lip movement was evaluated
with oral diadochokinesis (ODK) rate for the syllable "pa", "ta", and "ka"
measured by counting syllable repetitions within one second. Physical fitness
was objectively evaluated with the Timed-Up and Go Test (TUG) and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test
(CS-30). Subjective physical fitness was also assessed with a Physical
Component Summary score (PCS) of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).
Partial correlation coefficients between ODK rates and physical fitness
measures were obtained after adjusting the effects of age and the number of
present teeth. Results: There were significant differences in ODK rates for the
syllable "ta" and "ka" between the participants aged 65 - 74 and 75
or older. Significant differences in all the physical fitness measures were
also observed in the two age groups. Partial correlation analysis with age and
number of present teeth as covariates yielded significant correlations of ODK
rates to TUG and PCS, but not with CS-30. Conclusion: Older adults whose
functional mobility declined tended to maintain the movement of tongue and
lips. Moreover, those who perceived declining physical fitness also tended to
show a decline of tongue and lip movement. Thus, the present study added some knowledge on the
relationships between general physical fitness and tongue and lip movement. It
also made several suggestions for future interventions based on the findings.


A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of six glucocorticoid drugs,prednisone,dexamethasone,betamethasone,triamcinolone,beclomethasone,and clobetasol in Chinese traditional medicine.The sample was extracted with acetonitrile,and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with PSA sorbent.The separation of six glucocorticoids was achieved on Zobax SB C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm).Identification of glucocorticoid was based on retention time and characteristic fragment ions.Under the optimal conditions,the assay was linear over the range of 1.5-300 mg/kg.The spiked recoveries were in the range of 85%-102%.The method has obvious advantages of simplicity,sensitivity and good repeatibility,and was suitable for simultaneous determination of six glucocorticoids in the Chinese traditional medicine.


The key distribution method and the authentication server are disclosed. According to one embodiment of the invention, a wireless terminal and an authentication server connected through a communication network according to the method for distributing keys for the encryption and decryption of data according to the service provider, n of the encrypted inherent received respectively from the mobile station decoding the information comprising: obtaining specific information, respectively; Generating a random key; Generating a group key used to encrypt and decrypt data according to a service provider; And it may provide a key distribution method comprising: transmitting to each wireless terminal to generate the distribution key using the unique information, the group key, the random key. Therefore, there is an advantage that can be partitioned to create the necessary keys for encryption and decryption of data according to provided services by a simple arithmetic operations by the present invention reduces the time delay. Keys, key, distribution


Backfill materials surrounding waste canisters in a high-level nuclear waste repository are capable of ensuring very slow flow of groundwater past the canisters, and thereby increase the safety of the repository. However, in the design of a repository it will be necessary to allow for possible changes in the backfill. In this experimental program, changes in permeability, swelling behavior, and plastic behavior of the backfill at the temperatures, pressures, and radiation levels expected in a repository are investigated. The emphasis is on investigation of relevant phenomena and evaluation of experimental procedures for use in licensing procedures. The permeability of a slightly compacted sand-clay mixture containing 25% bentonite, with a dry bulk density of 1.59 g/cm/sup 3/, was determined to be 0.9 x 10/sup -18/ m/sup 2/ in liquid water at 25 and 200/sup 0/C, respectively. This is sufficiently low to demonstrate the potential effectiveness of proposed materials. In practice, fractures in the host rock may form short circuits around the backfill, so an even lower flow rate is probable. However, alteration by any of several mechanisms is expected to change the properties of the backfill. Crushed basalt plus bentonite is a leading candidate backfill for a basalt repository. Experiments showmore » that basalt reacts with groundwater vapor or with liquid groundwater producing smectites, zeolites, silica, and other products that may be either beneficial or detrimental to the long-term performance of the backfill. Concentration of groundwater salts in the backfill by evaporation would cause immediate, but possibly reversible, reduction of the swelling abaility of bentonite. Moreover, under some circumstances, gamma radiolysis of moist air in the backfill could produce up to 0.5 mole of nitric acid or ammonia per liter of pore space. 27 references, 7 figures, 4 tables.« less


BACKGROUND
The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the Family Stress and Coping Interview (FSCI), a questionnaire designed to quantitatively and qualitatively examine the experiences of parents of children with developmental disabilities (DDs).

METHODS
The participants consisted of 106 primary caregivers of 106 individuals with DDs from centres in Eastern, Central and North-western Ontario, Canada. The participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the FSCI, and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales.

RESULTS
The results of this study indicate that the FSCI has adequate reliability (i.e. internal consistency and long-term stability) and validity (i.e. independent item ratings and discriminant validity).

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study support the use of the FSCI as a measure of family stress in research and practice.


The present invention discloses a method and a pipe storage medium storing the nanoporous one gas, wherein the porous nanotube storage medium for storing a gas comprising single walled carbon nanotubes having a plurality of vacancy defects, the stored gas comprises: Hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, in particular, the number of carbon atoms in space for storing the hydrogen gas containing less than 8 vacancy defects. Quality carbon nanotubes with relatively defect-vacancy defects nanotubes can be light 24.8%, so much higher vacancy defects nanotubes storage efficiency. Internal storage of hydrogen using the amount of carbon nanotubes obtained by the method of the present invention can achieve 3wt%, three times the untreated carbon nanotubes. Further, the present invention is a method for gas storage in the lower temperature requirements (above liquid nitrogen temperature), and therefore is more simple and feasible in practical applications.


A metal-free route to PET probes Positron emission tomography (PET) is a widely used imaging technique for medical diagnostics and pharmaceutical development. As the name implies, it requires tracers that emit positrons, typically through labeling with fluorine or carbon radioisotopes. W. Chen et al. devised a versatile technique to incorporate radioactive fluoride into aromatic rings. The metal-free photochemical method directly substitutes aryl carbon-hydrogen bonds with [18F]fluoride and so is particularly well suited to late-stage transformation of complex molecules into tracers. Science, this issue p. 1170 A metal-free route to positron emission tomography tracers directly substitutes aromatic C–H bonds with radioactive fluoride. Positron emission tomography (PET) plays key roles in drug discovery and development, as well as medical imaging. However, there is a dearth of efficient and simple radiolabeling methods for aromatic C–H bonds, which limits advancements in PET radiotracer development. Here, we disclose a mild method for the fluorine-18 (18F)–fluorination of aromatic C–H bonds by an [18F]F− salt via organic photoredox catalysis under blue light illumination. This strategy was applied to the synthesis of a wide range of 18F-labeled arenes and heteroaromatics, including pharmaceutical compounds. These products can serve as diagnostic agents or provide key information about the in vivo fate of the labeled substrates, as showcased in preliminary tracer studies in mice.


The aim of the research is to assess the effect of metabolic syndrome factors on the change in cardiac rhythm variability. Materials and methods. There have been studied the factors of metabolic syndrome, cardiac rhythm variability indexes, and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in 320 patients without ischemic heart disease. Results. In patients with metabolic syndrome, the decrease of cardiac rhythm variability manifesting as the tonus reduction of parasympathetic and sympathetic parts of vegetative nervous system was stated to be due to obesity. Obesity regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients is associated with displacement of vegetative nervous system balance towards the prevalence of tonus of the sympathetic part for account of tonus reduction of parasympathetic part, as well as with the development of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle.


Remember when a videoconference was a rare occasion—something special that you looked forward to? Now, 4 months into working from home, the novelty has worn off. Things that were tolerable for a fe...


This paper aims to account for the determinants of firm patenting behaviour in developing countries. The literature has accumulated numerous evidence and trends as far as developed countries' firm patenting is concerned. However, only a small amount of information concerning least developed countries' firm patenting is available. With the present study we wish to fill this gap creatively. The core assumption of this paper is that the occurrence of firm patenting is positively related with innovation strategies. As a result we place the emphasis on the diverse ways to innovate and account for the effects on a firm's probability to patent. Our findings indicate that despite the weaknesses of their patenting system in least developed countries (LDCs) there is no huge gap between the determinants of patenting behaviour from firms in these countries, and those the literature considers to be important for developed countries firms.


This paper is devoted to develop a multivariable model (MM) of an innovative hybrid solar-gas dryer issued from a CFD study. The proposed (MM) was explored to predict the drying chamber temperature in forced convection (0.025kg/s) in two main operating modes (solar mode and gas mode). There is an indirect heating of drying air instead of direct heating inside the drying chamber as it was reported in conventional hybrid solar-gas dryers. CFD technique was used to simulate the temperature and airflow distribution inside the drying chamber. However, CFD simulation requires huge capacity of the processor for calculating and takes significant simulation time. Therefore, the multivariable model was developed to predict the drying temperature instantly with a notable reduction in simulation time. Root Mean Square (RMSE) was used to measure the difference between the predicted values by CFD and (MM) model. It was found that the results shown fairly good agreement with an RMSE lower than 2.35 confirming the pertinence of the proposed model. The developed model led to a quick output parameters estimation related to each climatic condition. Thus, it is very useful for synthesizing a control system of the temperature as well as the optimization of gas consumption.


Purpose: This study was based on the flora survey data of 1,200 places (776 map index system numbers) over 12 years in the National Natural Environment Survey, Korea's largest basic research project on natural ecosystems. The researchers conducted this study to analyze the differences in the urbanization index by year, altitude, forest land ratio, and population density, investigate the correlations through curvilinear regression analysis, and predict the changes in the urbanization index. Method: The Urbanization Index is the ratio of naturalized plants in the research area to the total number of naturalized plant species (321 species) distributed in South Korea. This paper calculated the urbanization index using the method by 'Lim Yangjae' and 'Jeon Uisik.' One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the differences in the urbanization index by categories. In addition, curvilinear regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between urbanization index and categories. The Spss Statistics 21 statistical program performed the above statistical analyses. Results: The urbanization index showed differences in four categories. In the correlation analysis, the correlation between the urbanization index and the years had a positive correlation in which the urbanization index increases every year. The urbanization index and the altitudes had a negative correlation in which the urbanization index decreases as the altitude increases. The urbanization index and the forest land ratios had a negative correlation in which the urbanization index decreases as the forest land ratio increases. The urbanization index and the population densities had a negative correlation in which the urbanization index decreases as the population density increases, but had a positive correlation in which it increases after a certain point in time. Conclusion: of synthesizing the analyses, the relational formula created from the correlation analysis with the years was suitable for predicting the urbanization index. By applying the formula 𝑦 =1.754+0.465 𝑥 ( 𝑦 =urbanization index, 𝑥 =year), the results of predicting the urbanization index were at 11.01 in 2025, 13.38 in 2030, 18.03 in 2040, and 22.68 in 2050. The urbanization index increased year by year.


We investigate a logical approach to represent medical knowledge, reason deductively and diagnostically. It is suggested that medical knowledge-bases can be formulated as a set of sentences stated in classical logic where each sentence reflects a doctor's knowledge about the human anatomy or his/her view of patient's symptoms. It is also suggested that a form of temporal reasoning can be captured within the same framework because each sentence can have a different truth value based on time. We apply our logical framework to formalize diagnostic reasoning, where the primary cause of illness is chosen among the set of minimal causation on the basis of abductive hypotheses. Most of our examples are given in the context of medical expert systems.


THE termination of an appointment, particularly a permanent or indefinite appointment, in an international organisation for unsatisfactory service can be a matter of serious concern to the staff member affected, as it means that a hoped-for career is brought to an end and in some cases, because of the reasons underlying the termination, the staff member may find it difficult to find alternative employment. On the other hand, the international organisation by which such a staff member has been employed would certainly like to have the unfettered power to terminate a staff member's appointment for unsatisfactory service in the interest of the efficient working of the organisation. Considering the serious nature of a termination of permanent employment in an international organisation, it is surprising that so few cases have been brought by affected staff members before international administrative tribunals in which staff members of international organisations have complained of unlawful termination of their permanent appointments on the grounds of unsatisfactory service. Yet, of the 12 cases decided up to the end of 1982 by the recently established World Bank Administrative Tribunal (WBAT), no less than five' concerned termination of permanent appointments on the grounds of unsatisfactory service. In view of the undoubtedly serious nature of terminating a permanent appointment in an international organisation on the grounds of unsatisfactory service, it would be useful at this stage in the development of international administrative law to examine the cases decided by international tribunals and the applicable law on the subject. It is stressed at the outset that it is only confirmed permanent or indefinite appointments that will be the subject of this article, and it is only termination on the grounds of unsatisfactory service that will be discussed. There are many other kinds of appointments, such as probationary appointments and fixed-term appointments, which may be


Abstract N-Cyclohexylmaleimide-containing graft-type ACS resins were synthesized by suspension polymerization. The affects of monomer mixture composition on the graft efficiency, glass transition temperature (T g ), Vicat softening point, mechanical properties, and rheological behavior of the copolymers were investigated. The results show that the graft efficiency increased with the increasing content of N-cyclohexylmaleimide (ChMI). The T g and Vicat softening point of the copolymers increased with increasing ChMI moieties in the copolymer. The mechanical properties (impact strength and tensile strength) have maximum values when the ChMI is in certain content. The apparent viscosity, η a , increased with the increasing content of ChMI and the melt is a pseudoplastic liquid. The nonNewtonian parameter-flow power n increased because of the incorporation of the ChMI unit. The comprehensive properties were the best at the 15%–20% ChMI content in ACS resin.


This article discussed the research thoughts and methods of standardization of TCM syndrome based on complexity of the scientific system, combined syndrome-disease, symptoms standardization, expert advice, epidemiology, mathematical statistics and so on. Because no "golden standard" couold be found in the current syndrome study, research according to the requirements of the complexity of the scientific system would be the inevitable trend for standardization of syndrome diagnosis. Practicing the combination of qualify - quantity and macro-micro, strengthen the study of the concept of syndromes and the standardization of terminology were also necessary. Through the literature research, it was considered that DME, Delphi method was more comprehensive, could collect and analyzed the clinical information objectively, fully use the computer technology, artificial intelligence, information technology and other high - technology data excavation regulation for building the syndrome diagnosis model.


Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of the treatment on vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in the mid trimester of pregnancy with three species of drug (Clotrimazole,Macmirorcomplex, Baofukang Shuan). Methods 83 women diagnosed with VVC in the mid trimester of pregnancy were divided into three groups: Group A with 30 cases, treated with Clotrimazole for twice; Group B with 28 cases, treated with Macmirorcomplex for 6 days; Group C with 25 cases, treated with Baofukang Shuan for 8 days. Observed the clinical effect, the microbes therapeutic effect and the adverse effect of the treatment with three species of drug. Results (1)The clinical cure rate of Group A was 86.67% and the fungal negative rate was 93.33%. The clinical cure rate of Group B was 57.14% and the fungal negative rate was 75%. The clinical cure rate of Group C was 60% and the fungal negative rate was 40%. There were no adverse effect to be found in the three groups. (2) The clinical cure rate and curative rate of Group A were significantly higher than those of Group B and Group C( P<0,05 ),but there were no difference in Group B and Group C ( P> 0.05 ). The V VC scores of the three groups were significantly descended compared with those of pretherapy ( P< 0.01 ), but there were no difference of the curative rate about microbes therapeutic effect in the three groups ( P> 0.05 ).Conclusion The three drugs for VVC in pregnancy are all effective and no serious adverse effect. Clotrimazole has better clinical therapeutic effect than Macmirorcomplex and Baofukang Shuan.

Key words:
The mid trimester of pregnancy; Vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC); Clotrimazole; Macmirorcomplex; Baofukang Shuan


By focusing on access to free antiretroviral treatments in Botswana, this article offers a privileged vantage point over transformations in international health policies in the South. The partnership between the government of Botswana, the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co., and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation was made possible through preexisting biomedical collaboration between the government of Botswana and the Harvard School of Public Health. This configuration of actors and interests offers a broad view of contemporary global health partnerships in which philanthropy, science, and public health overlap. In being determined by their convenience, accessibility, and chance of success, global health interventions tend to reproduce inequalities within health systems and on a global level.


To handle the problems related to the English listening teaching system in English teaching practice,the present thesis is aimed at,with its concern for the characters of English listening teaching and the needs of network teaching,building a network teaching system.The article submits and expounds the building principles and designing standards of the system.


We wish to express our appreciation for the efforts by the three reviewers in the discussion on reliability and validity. This discussion was initiated through the target paper Reliability and validity of findings in ergonomics research (Kanis 2013). This target paper addresses a large number of issues concerning reliability and validity in the field of ergonomics/human factors (E/HF). These issues range from


Activated sludge samples were taken from the Konya Wastewater Treatment Plant. Two hundred images for each sample were captured by a systematic examination of the slides. Segmentation of microscopic images is a challenging process due to lack of focus. Therefore, adjustment of the focus is required for every movement of the mobile stage. Because the mobile stage does not have the z axis, the focus cannot be adjusted. A new method that uses automatic segmentation of the captured images is developed for solving this problem. The proposed method is not dependent on image content, has minimal computation complexity, and is robust to noise. This method uses a cellular neural network (CNN) in which an adaptive iterative value is calculated by wavelet transform and spatial frequency. A model is fixed in the system in order to estimate the iterative value of the CNN. Integrated automatic image capture and automatic analysis of large numbers of images by using evaluation software are improved in our system. Approximately 1000 microscopic images are processed in this experiment. The proposed method is compared with the traditional threshold method and the CNN through constant iteration. The experimental results are given.


We investigate the measurement of vibrations at the core and windings of the transformer, as well as the differential temperature between zones. We present first results of vibrations measurements at the magnetic core of an oil- filled power transformers. The sensor is based on an intrinsic transducer of the dynamic strain at the surface into changes of the optical path of a segment of fiber. The sensing length is bonded to the core, immersing in oil and inside the transformer environment. Interferometric sensing is accomplished for high sensitivity because the vibrations are due to dynamic strain up to a few (mu) (epsilon) . It allows short probe lengths to be used, though an increase of the length could be used for enhancing the sensitivity. A common accessing of the fibers of the interferometer is used for reducing the common disturbance. The spectral decomposition of the output signals is shown and it is related to the electric reference and the behavior of the transformer.


The recent advances in electronics and microelectronics devices allow the development of newly low-cost monitoring tools used by peoples for health preventive purposes. Sensors used in medical equipments convert various forms of human body vital signs into electrical signals. Therefore, the healthcare monitoring systems considering non-invasive and wearable sensors with integrated communication mediums allow an efficient solution to live a comfortable home life.  This paper presents the remote monitoring of human body temperature (HBT) wirelessly by means of Arduino controller with different sensors and open source internet connection. The proposed monitoring system uses an internet network via wireless fieldity (wifi) connection to be linked with online portal on smart phone or computer. The proposed system is comprised of an Arduino controller, LM-35 (S1), MLX-90614 (S2) temperature sensors and ESP-wifi shield module. The obtained result has shown that real time temperature monitoring data can be transferred to authentic observer by utilizing internet of things (IoT) applications. The findings from this research indicates that the difference of average temperature in between Sensor S1 and S2 is about 15 0 C


Thank you very much for downloading advanced econometrics a bridge to the literature. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this advanced econometrics a bridge to the literature, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


Accessory fallopian tube is a rare, congenital and developmental mullerian duct anomaly. The documented incidence is around 6-10% in women seeking for infertility treatment. We observed accessory fallopian tube in a patient during routine checking of operative field, ovaries and fallopian tube during caesarean section. Accessory fallopian tube is congenital anomaly which is attached with ampullary part of main fallopian tube. Accessory fallopian tube is common site for pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, cystic swelling and torsion which can lead to infertility and other complications. The ovum released by ovary may also captured by accessory fallopian tube which can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy. During the embryological development of female urogenital system, development of fallopian tube occurs from cranial un fused portion of mullerian ducts. This duct is derived from mesoderm, the middle layer of germ cell layers in the embryo. Bifurcation of cranial end of mullerian duct results in accessory fallopian tube.


The article discusses the results of air temperature forecasts from four short-term and two long-term forecasts of numerical weather prediction models. The analysis covered the results of model simulations from January 2015 to January 2016 and compared them at 14 meteorological stations in Poland. The comparison was made based on the most commonly used measures for continuous parameters i.e., ME (mean error), MAE (mean absolute error), RMSE (root mean square error), MSE (mean square error), BIAS and Pearson correlation. In the short time horizon, the best results in the context of the MAE, RMSE, MSE and correlation values were obtained by the Unified Model, although the diagnosed differences between the models are small. All models in the 0–72 h projection horizon reached a correlation of 0.95–0.97 and an MAE in the range of 1.5 °C to 2.1 °C. In the case of long-term forecasts, the HIRLAM model was slightly better than the GFS model. Clearly, in both cases, there is a marked decrease in quality after the fourth and in the following forecast lead days.


We provide a short response to Buică's comment on our paper 'Two-photon laser-assisted electron scattering on hydrogen atom' (Kornev and Zon 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 075205). The reply explains some of the points mentioned in the comment.


The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how the welfare officer who works in the child and youth- habilitation is documenting in boys and girls journals. We also want to see if ther ...


Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging aims to reconstruct the image of hidden targets with the property of multi-scattering, which tremendously broadens the detectable range of sensors and has the potential in the fields of autonomous driving, anti-terrorism, etc. However, in the field of radar, most of the researches on NLOS focus on extracting signal characteristic, hidden targets localization, and hidden targets tracking, etc. The corresponding models and algorithms of NLOS imaging are urgently needed to be developed. In this paper, we establish a novel imaging model of looking around corner (LAC) scene. Based on the model, a time-domain coherent algorithm is proposed, the method has the capability of extracting the surface and accurate position of hidden target without prior knowledge. Finally, several metal balls are placed in the NLOS area to construct a LAC observation scene. In the line-of-sight area, a millimeter-wave multi-input-multi-output radar is exploited to synthesize a one-dimension (1-D) antenna array with the framework of 1-D scanning. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of our NLOS technique with the clear geometric features and the accurate position of targets.


This financial analysis of TCS provides an overview of the company's financial performance and position over the past few years. TCS is a leading Indian multinational information technology services and consulting company. The analysis covers key financial ratios, such as liquidity, and solvency ratios. The analysis highlights TCS's strong financial performance, with consistent revenue growth, healthy profitability, strong liquidity, and a stable capital structure. Overall, the analysis suggests that TCS is well-positioned to sustain its growth and profitability in the long term.


A multiresidue analytical method was developed for the determination of 34 pesticide residues in tea using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The samples were extracted by acetonitrile and cleaned up by Carb/PSA solid phase extraction(SPE) columns.The results of the spiked level test showed that the average recovery of 34 pesticides ranged from 70% to 124% with relative standard deviations(RSDs) of 0.2%~14.9%.The limits of detection were 0.1~25.0 μg/kg.The sensitivity and accuracy meet the requirements of the multiple pesticide residue analysis.


The service provision in a future system where satellite is integrated in UMTS (universal mobile telecommunication system) is studied and the basic service constraints introduced by the satellite component are analysed. A review of MSS (mobile satellite services) is presented, focusing on services aspects. It is followed by a description of the UMTS service definition framework. This methodology has to be applied, with the necessary modifications, to services provided by satellites in the S-UMTS (integrated satellite-UMTS) environment, to reach a high degree of integration between UMTS (terrestrial) and S-UMTS and to allow re-usability of terrestrial service concepts and components. An analysis of S-UMTS concerning operating environments, scenarios and satellite influence on service parameters values is developed. Stress is made on the two critical limitations of the system: delay and power constraints. Conclusions are presented on the feasibility of service provision in the integrated environment. A table is included that summarises the results obtained on service requirements and the capability of service provision in S-UMTS.


In this article, the opinions of Muhakkık Hillî, one of the important scholars of the Shia-Hilla madrasah, on the fiqh methodology are summarized. Muhakkık Hillî rose to the position of the leader of the Shia-Hilla madrasah during his lifetime and brought the Shia-methodological thought to a systematic structure thanks to the books he left. While Hillî, on the one hand, touched on almost all the subjects of the fiqh methodology in his methodological work named al-Meʿâric fî uṣûli'l-fiḳh, on the other hand also mentioned the shar'i proofs at the beginning of his fürû-i fiqh work al-Muʿteber fî şerḥi'l-Muḫtaṣar. While explaining his methodological views, he prioritized his sectarian affiliation with his thoughts that for the acceptance of the news, the narrators must be imâmî and for ijma to be evidence, there must be the imam among the people of ijma'. According to Muhakkık Hilli, the ulema have to make ijtihad in order to meet the social needs, since the twelfth imam's occultation has lost contact with the imams. For this reason, fiqh method is important since it is necessary to determine the rules of action. According to him, the basis of shar'i judgments are five: book, sunnah, ijma, reason and istishap. Muhakkık Hillî does not include the description of the book in his work on fiqh. However, he gives examples from the Qur'an by introducing concepts such as zahir, nass, muevvel, mucmel, âmm, hass, emir and nehiy in the book. While the sunnah is divided into three as word, act and taqrir in terms of its structure, it is divided into mutawatir and al-khabar al-wāhid in terms of narration. If the members of Imāmiyyah accept a al-khabar al-wāhid, or if the truth of the khabar supports the intellect, the text of the book, the absolute sunnah and the presumptions of ijma, then action is taken with that khabar. Ijma is the alliance of people whose word is respected in religious affairs. It is possible for ijma to be realized in shar'i words and actions. At the time of the offer, it is absolutely necessary to have an innocent imam who protects the shari'ah, and it is obligatory to refer to his word in shari'a matters. Therefore, in order to be able to talk about ijma in any matter, there must be an innocent imam among those who participate in ijma. Muhakkık Hillî also examines the evidences of reason and istishap by dividing them into various parts. With these aspects, al-Meʿāric fī uṣûli'l-fiḳh is important for the Imāmiyyah sect, as it presents the identity of a compact fiqh method.


Purpose : Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the deficiency of lung surfactant in premature babies. For the treatment of RDS at present surfactants such as Surfacten ․ (Tokyo-Tanabe Co., Japan) and Exosurf ․ (Wellcome Co., USA) are used. As awarded the grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology for a model research project of Medium-Technology program, we have modified (supplemented) the bovine lung extracts to get YY-38, for which we have performed physical and biological activities. Methods : For physical properties, we performed stable microbubble test (SMR) and measured surface tension lowering activity using a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Minimum and maximum surface tensions measured at 1 and 5 minutes gave surface tension-surface area diagrams, from which compressibility at surface tension 10mN/m was also calculated. As to the biological activity, we used premature rabbit fetuses as a model for the study of pressure-lung volume relationship. The lung pathology was examined on the lung tissues subsequently obtained, and aerated area ratios were calculated based on the area measured by an image analyzer. Results : The minimum surface tensions of YY-38 at 1 and 5 minutes for all different concentrations were low at 10mN/m, while the maximum surface tensions ranged from 33.01mN/m to 41.07mN/m. The surface tension-surface area curve showed a definite hysteresis at 1 and 5 minutes for all concentrations, and the surface tension fell below 10mN/m with 20% surface area compression. The compressibilities at surface tension 10mN/m at 5minutes for all concentrations were all below 0.02. In animal experiments, the mean lung volume of premature rabbit fetuses was inflated to 80.9ml/kg at maximum 30cmH 2 O, while the lung volume was maintained at 38.3mg/kg when the lung was deflated to 5cmH 2 O. The overall aerated area ratio was 45.4%. Conclusions : YY-38 formed sufficient amount of stable microbubbles and had a surface tension low enough to maintain alveolar stability and to exhibit a good hysteresis curve. In animal experiments it helped the expansion of premature lungs during inspiratory phase and was effective in the prevention of collapse during expiratory phase.


This article elaborates the connotation of strategic management,analyzing the relations between ISO9000 quality control system and strategic management in higher vocational colleges.It proposes the main frame and basic steps of strategic management in higher vocational colleges based on ISO9000 quality control system,for the purpose of providing a beneficial use for reference to develop continually in higher vocational colleges and improve the quality of education.


The aviation industry has suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic since early 2020. Airlines, airports, and manufacturers reacted to fight against the disease to protect passengers as well as remain sustainable. The purpose of this study is to analyze existing archives and discover strategic plans implemented by essential actors of the commercial aviation system. Using inductive qualitative analysis in conjunction with VOSviewer bibliographical data visualization, this study unveils the practical strategies of resilience enacted by the airline industry, manufacturers, and commercial airports during the pandemic time. Based on the Crisis Response Matrix from Suk and Kim, airlines' survival strategies during COVID-19 include passenger protection, operational retrenchment, innovation, and long-term managerial plans. Manufacturers' main approaches are expanding business with maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) on top of alternative fuel innovations for emission reduction. Remarkably, airports adopt policies and protocols to screen and protect passengers, share information about infected passengers, and create a contactless airport environment for the prevention and control of pandemic infectious diseases. Synthesis tables containing discoveries are provided for practitioners' future reference. © 2023, University Aviation Association. All rights reserved.


Dynamic regionalist processes are globally unfolding, not least the formation of micro-regions. The African continent is filled with a multitude of cross-border micro-regions. The projects known as Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs) and development corridors have emerged as the most distinct form of policy driven micro-regionalism in eastern and southern Africa. This chapter seeks to move such analysis forward by using a greater sample of African micro-regions, in order to reflect on states, regions and the respacing of Africa. It considers the debate on regionalism in Africa and shows that our analysis springs from the works that try to understand the making and unmaking of regions and regional spaces. The chapter also integrates concepts and research culled from the Africanist literature regarding the essential conceptual tool of neopatrimonialism and the power of neoliberalism in Africa. Keywords: Africa; micro-regions; neoliberalism; neopatrimonialism; regional spaces; regionalism; Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs)


Visible light positioning (VLP) is an emerging candidate for indoor positioning, which can simultaneously meet the requirements for accuracy, cost, coverage area, and security. However, intercell interference caused by light intensity superposition limits the application of VLP. In this Letter, we propose a united block sequence mapping (UBSM)-based VLP that utilizes superposition to integrate the multidimensional information from dense small cells into 2D information. The experimental result shows that UBSM-based VLP can achieve an accuracy of 1.5 cm with a 0.4 m row spacing and 0.35 m column spacing of LED lights.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slow-progressing inflammatory lung disease that is associated with high mortality and disability. There is a lack of appropriate preclinical models of COPD, which hampers drug discovery efforts. Here, we developed a comparative inflammation-on-a-chip (IoC) with a complete 3D interface without the formation of any micropillar and phaseguide structures that replicated chemoattractant-induced neutrophil transendothelial migration (NTEM), a key feature of COPD. We used the IoC model to evaluate the pharmacological effects of CXCR2 inhibitors (MK-7123, AZD5069, and SB225002) on the migration of neutrophil-like cells in the presence of plasma samples from patients with COPD. This is the first study to evaluate inhibitors of CXCR2-dependent NTEM in a comparative IoC model that mimics the physiological 3D microenvironment, consisting of an endothelial barrier, extracellular compartment, and inflammatory conditions. This IoC model will be useful to investigate COPD severity using patient samples, and will aid basic and translational research involving NTEM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The shortcomings of the old NC system, such as small memory, poor reliablity, low speed and so on, are e- nunciated. The advantages of the new generation NC system based on PC are introduced.


In 300,000 tons coal silo project of Shenhua Huanghua Port,the largest single-piece of steel structure is 380 tons in weight,which is lifted on top of the coal silo.Being restricted by site condition,two sets of 250t cranes are required for lifting steel structure on top of the silo by using double-crane lifting method.The construction sequence of portal frame at first and girder at second is adopted to guarantee the safety and economy of the hoisting construction,and complete the construction work smoothly,which will provide references for similar overhead hoisting of steel structure.


The aim of this chapter is a critical assessment of the Ricardian model and its usefulness in research. It starts with explaining the analytical difficulties by which the two-bytwo model is characterized in comparison to an endowment model. Further, it is examined why it is challenging to add further dimensions and extend the basic example to a three-bythree case. Three possible solutions of the challenges related to many-good and many-country cases are discussed. Firstly, understand the possible efficient outcomes of these cases based on Jones (1961). Secondly, introduce the many-good-continuum model of Dornbusch, Fischer and Samuelson (1977). Thirdly, find an empirical approach such as Eaton and Kortum (2002). Thank you to Rolf for inviting me as it's an honor to discuss a paper by Ron Jones. I discussed one of his papers quite a while ago, when I was an assistant professor. It was also on comparative advantage and Paul Samuelson was in the room. At that time, I had to explain _________________________


Abstract : The effects of embedded longitudinal vortices on film cooling injectant from one row and two rows of holes with compound angles are investigated. Holes are designed such that their angle from the test surface is 30 degrees in a spanwise/normal plane projection, and 35 degrees in a streamwise/normal plane projection. A blowing ratio of 0.5, non-dimensional injection temperature parameters of 1.29 to 1.38, and freestream velocity of 10 m/s are employed. As the spanwise position of the vortex is altered. Stanton Numbers change considerably depending upon which portion of each vortex is proximate to film injection holes. These variations are vastly different depending on whether or nor spanwise components of vortex secondary flows are opposed or aligned with the spanwise direction of the injectant. Mean velocity surveys, injection distribution surveys, and flow visualization results are also discussed.


The transparent and hard SiO2/organosilicone hybrid coatings were prepared on polycarbonate (PC) with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane and 3-(methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane as the main raw materials by the sol–gel method. The structure and properties of the hybrid coating were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X–ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic mechanics microscope, contact angle measuring instrument, and hardness tester etc. It is found that the basic structure of the hybrid coating is Si—O—Si. After heat-cured at 120 , the thickness of the hybrid coating is 0.84 °C μm by dipping-withdrawing manner. The hybrid coating is smooth, homogenous and densified, and can improve the transparency of PC (transmittance is increased by nearly 5%). The contact angle of the hybrid coating to the water increases with the increase of curing time. The contact angle is 93°after heat-cured at 120 °C for 3 h. The hybrid coating has excellent thermal stability, which increases gradually with the increase of TEOS content. When the mole ratio of R (organic groups) and Si in SiO2/organosilicone hybrid resin is 0.78, the adhesion strength of hybrid coating on PC sheet is 0 class (cross-cut tape test), and it reaches a pencil scratch hardness of 2H.


This research aims to study the effects of the TiO 2 in PBT composite fibers on the thermal properties, mechanical properties and photocatalytic properties of the polymer composite. The results showed that the tensile strength of the TiO 2 /PBT fibers decreased with increasing in the content of TiO 2 in polymer matrix. The content of TiO 2 in composite fibers did not affect the thermal properties of the fibers but the %crystalline of the composite fibers were increased with content of TiO 2 in the composite fibers. The SEM images demonstrated that the TiO 2 were well dispersed in the composite fibers. Moreover, some aggregation of the TiO 2 in the composite fibers was found at high content of TiO 2 . The photocatalytic characteristic of the composite fiber was studied thought out self-cleaning properties. The presents of the content of TiO 2 in the PBT fibers significantly showed the improving of the self-cleaning properties under UV-A radiation. The TiO 2 /PBT fibers in the presents of TiO 2 10wt% showed the best results of self-cleaning under 168 hours of UV radiation.


Artificial intelligence (AI) use in the state governance structures is obviously on the rise. Cognitive technologies have potential to transform the government sector — by reducing expenses, mundane chores, coping with resource limitations, making more accurate projections, and implementing AI into an array of organizational processes and systems. Methods. General research methods: analysis, synthesis, logical method were employed to study certain concepts and legal categories and their interrelations (artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence technologies, governance system, machine-readable law, digital state, automated decision-making, etc.) and develop insights into public relations amid proactive use of artificial intelligence systems and technologies in the governance system. Comparative legal research method was used to discern dynamics and further trends in legal relations, as well as to compare approaches of foreign countries to regulating AI systems and technologies. Prognostic method was applied to project the future   of the Russian legislation as concerns building effective legal framework to regulate AI systems and technologies in the governance system. Technical legal (dogmatic) method helped develop legal foundation for the use of technologies and AI systems in the governance sphere. The analysis showed promising theoretical and practical avenues of modern law development  in  the  aspect  of  artificial  intelligence:  the  concept  of artificial intelligence within the conceptual legal framework was described; legal regulation of administrative processes and its specifics were defined; ethics and principles of artificial intelligence application   in governance were stressed, which involves restrictions of AI use in automated decision-making; stipulating the status of informed consent  in the legislation in case an automated decision is made; the procedure which allows prohibiting the use of automated decision was established, as well as the procedure of AI risk assessment in the governance system, ensuring proper data protection and independent security monitoring.


It is shown that lenses based on the metal – dielectric (MD) structure are energetically more efficient in ultraviolet and violet ranges of wavelengths. Phase characteristics of flat lenses in ultraviolet as well as in visible ranges for the p-polarized light have a concave shape, which is the necessary condition of focusing. For the first time, direct measurement is made of the flat optically thin two-layered MD-structure (Ag/SiO 2 ). It has been found experimentally that for an incident spherical wave with radial polarization (p-polarization), the focusing regime is realized, and with azimuthal polarization (s-polarization) the channeling regime is realized.


Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of financial decision behavior on firm performance of Indonesian public companies using panel data. The dynamic generalized method of moment is utilized in this study. The results show that firm performance is dynamic in nature, which indicates that last year performance affects current performance significantly. Empirical result of financial decision behavior shows that investment, leverage, and dividend per share (DPS) have significant impact on firm performance. Specifically, investment has negative impact on firm performance. Meanwhile leverage has negative effects on return on assets (ROA), but positively affects Tobin's Q. Moreover, DPS positively affects ROA and Tobin's Q. This finding suggests that investment decision of Indonesian firms is overinvestment, indicated with higher investment affects firm performance negatively. Similarly with leverage, the finding reveals that Indonesian public companies borrowed external fund more than they required (overleverage). The positive effect of DPS on firm performance implies that dividends payout to shareholders create good signal to the market, in which managers uses dividend to deliver private information to the market. However, based on the coefficient of financial decision variables, the impact is more on the market performance and less on the accounting performance.


In the introduction to his book Image and mind, Gregory Currie asks: "What role does imagination play in our response to fictions '2"? Following Kendall Walton, he argues that spectators adopt an attitude of make—believe or imagining in relation to fictions (to fictional actions, characters, and events). Both Currie and Walton therefore argue that fictions appeal, not to belief, but to imagination. One consequence is that film spectators are not subjected to an illusion, or false belief, when watching a fiction film. Instead, they generate simulated beliefs, or beliefs that "run off-line", in Currie's phrase. Currie gives an example :


Approximate sample size formulas for equivalence tests of a single proportion are presented in Chow et al. (2008) page 86. However, only large sample (normal approximation) results are given there. Some sample size programs use only the normal approximation to the binomial distribution for power and sample size estimates. The normal approximation is accurate for large sample sizes and for proportions between 0.2 and 0.8, roughly. When the sample sizes are small or the proportions are extreme (i.e. less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8) the binomial calculations are much more accurate.


There exists sensationalism in early Marxian esthetics, which asserts that human beings are sensitive and are natural creatures of existence, and which advocates that the essence of human nature is sensitive activity. Marx believes that sensitivity is a transformable historical concept, and that the objectivity of human activity enables a penetrative and interdependent relationship between mind and being, subject and object, and human beings and the world. Only when the object is possessed completely can human sensitivity become fully developed and esthetics made possible. Marxian sensationalism has contributed in a special way to the maturation of esthetics and serves as a link between past and future in the history of modern esthetics.


One important dimension of the Greek philosophy study is to inspect it from the perspective of the evolution of its concept or domain.Generally speaking,the logical development of the domain of Greek philosophy is manifested in the movement of abstract formation,that is,the development from the perceptual existence to a prescribed concept,from concept to a system of domain and from a single proposition to a scientific integrity(formal logic).This article is intended to research Greek philosophy from the respects mentioned above.


The sero-prevalence of brucellosis was investigated among different breeds of cattle and buffaloes in Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Rawalpindi and Attock regions of Pakistan. A total of 2330 milk samples (1168 cattle and 1162 buffaloes) were screened for the presence of Brucella abortus antibodies using the milk ring test (MRT). Information related to animal type, urbanicity, sampling area and breeds were collected with the help of a pre- tested questionnaire on the day of sampling. The overall sero-prevalence was 6.9% in cattle and 6.6% in buffaloes. More seropositive animals were found in ICT compared to the other regions. The odds of brucellosis sero-positivity were higher among cross breed cattle and Nili-ravi buffaloes. This study is the first evidence of prevalence of Brucella abortus up to breed level in dairy cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan.


Zhujiang New Town is considered to be the most important central district of Guangzhou.Its development context stemmed from the "EastAdvancement" and "Internationalization" strategies of Guangzhou.Its status developed from "Central District of the City" to "CBD in 21st Century",and now it confronts the new opportunities brought by the Asian Games.In this process a series of plans including regulatory plan,urban design and plan review,were made to guide the construction of Zhujiang New Town.Nowadays,it has gradually formed itself to be a modern CBD with international business atmosphere,diverse and high-quality services as well as efficient and multifunctional infrastructure.The planning of Zhujiang New Town expresses an idea of dynamic improvement process.Its future development will depend on the internationalization level of Guangzhou,to which Zhujiang New Town is expected to make great contribution.


We produce evidence of an important non-market factor creating higher expected returns at greater risk for global banks. We find that the banks most exposed to this profitable source of risk tend to be less regulated than those less exposed; suggesting profits depend in part on operating outside the rules. On the other hand, we find the large regulated banks that qualify for the Internal Ratings - Based Approach to Capital Adequacy under Basel II - based Rules tend to have low exposures to our profitable source of banking risk. Yet the enormous losses taken by banks during the subprime mortgage crisis have largely been taken by these highly regulated banks rather than unregulated banks exposed to profitable risk. We will explain that regulations themselves encouraged banks to take these risks, and to report them in a manner confusing to stockholders. Examining the microeconomics of bank risk-taking, we contrast three modern approaches to risk management: regulation-protected use of off-balance-sheet methods, standard investment-banking off-balance-sheet devices, and the off-balance-sheet Macquarie Model. We evaluate the transparency to investors of risks using the three methods, finding regulation-based methods least transparent to investors; the Macquarie Model, most transparent. This analysis suggests two possibilities: that current rules-based bank regulation is a blight on the banking system and that profitable banks have become renegades, increasingly closed to public scrutiny. Both are arguably bad things. We propose a way forward.


Transcription of the hitman adenovirus 5 genome in transformed rat embryo cells (DFK3) was investigated using two different approaches. Preferential digestion of transcribed viral sequencespby DNase I was analysed using kinetics of renaturation of J F-labeled Ad5 Hpal restriction fragments in the presence of material which was stable after nuclease treatment. The second approach was the hybridization of -^Plabeled nuclear RNA from transformed cells with Ad5 restriction fragments which were attached to a nitrocellulose filteu These two methods gave similar results. It was found that not all integrated regions of the Ad5 genome are active in transformed cells. 2,5 copies of the Hpal-E fragment of Ad5 DNA were found in transformed DFK3 cell line. Nuclear BNA from these cells hybridized to Hpal-E fragment of Ad5 UNA, but only about half of sequences of the integrated Hpal-E fragment was sensitive to DNase I digestion. INT&OPUCTION Studies of the transcription of adenovirus genes in transformed cells are of importance in order to elucidate the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells as well as the mechanism of cell transformation. So far, the only method which permits one to investigate transcription of viral genes is the analysis of RNA-transcripts /1-5/. Using the technique of reassociation kinetics with specific fragments of viral DNA as probes, it has been shown that the extent of viral sequences and the number of copies present per diploid quantity of DNA extracted from cells transformed by either adenovirus type 2 or type 5» varies in different cell lines/6,7/. Hybridization of RNA from the transformed cells to restriction endonuclease generated fragments of viral DNA has shown that only a portion of Information Retrieval Limited 1 Falconberg Court London W1V5FG England Nucleic Acids Research the viral sequences are transcribed /5/» From this type of analysis it is not clear whether all of the copies of a certain sequence are active in transcription, however, with a few exceptions, the number of RNA transcripts of a given sequence closely parallels the number of copies of viral DNA, from cell line to cell line /8/. A method which permits examination of transcription in a way such that one may be able to determine how many copies of a particular gene are trans crip tionally active is based on the observation that after digestion of nuclei or chromatin by DNase I, sequences that are active in transcription are selectively digested /9/. The purpose of the present work was to determine the pattern of transcription of Ad5 DNA in transformed cells. Two different methods were employed: hybridization of in vivo labeled •P RNA with restriction fragments of viral DNA and reassociation of fragments of viral DNA in the presence of transformed cell DNA which had been selectively digested with DNase 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells. Rat embryo cells transformed by Ad5, line DFK3, were grown in glass roller bottles (Hew BrunswHc) in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM), supplemented with 10% calf serum. KB cells for cultivation of Ad5 virus were grown in suspension culture in spinner modified MEM supplemented with 5% calf serum. "32 J P labeled cells were prepared in the following ma,nne~ , Cells were washed with the phosphate free MEM, containing 25 mM HEPES and 1% dialysed calf serum and then incubated for 4 hr in the same medium with 500juCi of H ^ P O ^ (carrier free Amersham) per ml. Virus. Ad5 was propagated in suspension culture of KB cells at an input multiplicity of 10 PFU/cell. Virus was purified by a modification of the method of Green and Pina /9,W. Viral DMA. Ad5 DNA was extracted from purified virions as described /11/. Nucleic Acids Research Cell H A . Nuclei from transformed cells were isolated, digested with DNase I (Worthington) as described /9/ and DNA from native and DNase I treated nuclei was isolated /9/« BNA. ^ P-labeled ENA was extracted from isolated nuclei of DEK3 cells and purified by the method of Scherrer /12/. Restriction endonucleaseso Endonuclease EcoRI was isolated from E.coli strain RY-13 /13/. Hpal was preparated from H.parainfluenzae according to Sharp et al. /14/. Preparation of specific fragments of adenovirus 5 DNA. Hpal restriction fragments of Ad5 DNA were separated by electrophoresis on 0,7x30 cm cylindrical gels of 0,7% agarose /5/ and prepared as described by Gallimore et al. /15/. Hpal+ EcoRI restriction fragments of Ad5 DNA were separated by electrophoresis on a 0,4x12x15 cm slab gel of 1% agarose. Radioactive la^aii^p; of DNA. Hpal restriction fragments of Ad5 DNA were labeled to specific activities of i-Sxi^p jag using four /aC -? P/deoxynucleotide triphosphates (250Ci/ mmol, Amersham) and DNA-polymerase I (fractionVIl, Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals) according to Botchan et al. /16/. Blotting. The fragments of Ad5 DNA were transferred from the gel onto a sheet of nitrocellulose (B6, Schleicher and Schiill) using essentially the method described by Southern/17/ Hybridization conditions. DNA:RNA filter hybridization was carried out at 65°C for 16 hr in 6xSSC, 0.5% SDS, 0.001 M EDTA. Before hybridization a strip of nitrocellulose filter (0.3x11 cm) was soaked in a solution containing 0.02% Ficoll, 0.02% bovine serum albumin, 0,02% polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolved in 2xSSC /18/ for a period of 4-5 hr at 65°C. The filter was then incubated under the above conditions with 10x10 cpm of -^-labeled nuclear RNA from DFK3 cells in a volume 0.2 ml. Following hybridization the nitrocellulose strip was washed with 2xSSC, incubated in 7 M urea, 2xSSC, 0.5% SDS at 42°C for a period of 2 hr, again washed with 2xSSC, air-dried and subjected to autoradiography (No-Screen Film, Type NS-5T, Kodak) for one week. DNA:DNA hybridization was carried out at 68°C in 1.0 M NaCI buffered with 0.14 M Na-phosphate pH 6.8. Before annealing both viral and cellular DNA were degraded to oligoNucleic Acids Research nucleotides with the average size r-150 bases byboi l ing in 0.3 M NaOH for 30 min. DNA from nuclei digested with DNase I had the same average length, as judged by sedimentation in the alkaline sucrose gradient (data not shown)* Samples taken after different times of incubation at 68°C were diluted 10-fold in 0.14 M Na-phosphate pH 6.8 and stored at 4°C unt i l assayed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite /6,15A Calculations. The derivation of equation and methods of calculation have been described in detail elsewhere / 6 / . The time required for 50% of the ^P-labeled probe to reanneal in the presence of calf thymus DNA (ty 2 p) and in the presence of transformed ce l l SNA (t-,/2) w a s calculated from equation (1 ): ^ t1/2(or t1/2p) = > s s _ ^ (1) where fss i s the fraction of total -^P-labeled DNA that i s s ingle stranded at time t , the time of reannealing. The quantity of v ira l DNA per diploid quantity of transformed ce l l DNA (3.9x10 2 Daltons) / 1 9 / was calculated as described by Sharp et alt / 6 / .


Using starch,acrylamide(AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid(AMPS) as monomer,N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylmide(NMBA) as crosslinker,a superabsorbent was prepared in water solution.The influence of reaction conditions on water absorbency was investigated.The absorbency of the resin reached 1561g/g in distilled water.The molecular structure and morphology of the resin were characterized by FT IR and SEM,respectively.


The inclined-tube viscosity measurement system was improved to be used to measure the liquid phase viscosity of non-azeotropic mixtures.The kinematic viscosities of the binary near-azeotropic mixture R410A and the ternary non-azeotropic mixture R407C in the saturated liquid phase were measured at the temperatures ranging from 256.15 to 336.15 K.According to the experimental results,the equations correlating viscosity with temperature were established for both R410A and R407C.


The utility model discloses an ecological energy-saving rabbit hutch, and comprises a saddle roof, a methane tank and a water heater, wherein two lines of rabbit cages are arrayed in the middle of the rabbit hutch back to back, a dung cleaning ditch is arranged between the two lines of rabbit cages, a cover board for playing the sealing function is arranged on the dung cleaning ditch, the solar energy water heater is arranged on the roof, a water outlet pipe of the solar energy water heater is connected with a clean water ditch between the two lines of rabbit cages, the dung cleaning ditch is communicated with the methane tank arranged underground through a feeding inlet, and a discharge outlet is arranged on the methane tank. Rabbit dung generated on each layer of rabbit cages enters the dung cleaning ditch through a dung stop slide board, hot water in the solar energy water heater passes through the water outlet pipe, and flushes rabbit dung in the dung cleaning ditch into the methane tank, thereby fermenting to generate methane for living and lighting. The ecological energy-saving rabbit hutch has the advantages that dung is scientifically collected, which is fermented and reused, thereby preventing diseases from spreading.


Resumen en: Objective. To analyze the theme HIV/AIDS in childhood and adolescence, its characteristics and trends, in Brazilian scientific production between 1983 an...


Subject. The principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, which serve as the basic principles for determining the competence of integration associations, are considered in the article. Aim. The aim of this paper is to analyse the place and the importance of Member States' obligations deriving from the EU legal order in order to address the relationships between EU law and national tax law, as well as to analyse the practice of using of principles of subsidiarity and proportionality by the highest courts of the Russian Federation as a federal state. The uses methods of theoretical analysis, particularly the theory of integrative legal consciousness, as well as legal methods, including formal legal method and comparative law. Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that a co-ordinated approach to cross-border tax is essential. The effectiveness of integration tax law will largely depend on how the ratio of the norms of integration and national law in the tax jurisdiction of the Union and member states will be formed. However, historically direct tax has been viewed by Member States as central to national sovereignty.


This paper uses the learning theory of construction to explore how to give the courseware design same flesh conterntional design,system design,learning environment design and so on.


This paper shows the work done on the method to operate a Wind driven grid connected hybrid system which is composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell . A wind system provides with an opportunity to harness the abundantly available renewable resource. With the proton exchange membrane the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Here the system uses two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode. This papers discusses the coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in hybrid system and the way in which the reference parameters are determined.


An investigation was made of the influence of gamma radiation and of neutrons on protective coatings of various filmforming materials, such as chlorinated rubber, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, copolymer of vinyl chloride and isobutyl ether or polyvinyl alcohol, alkyd resin, phenol- formaldehyde resin and polymerized linseed oil. The radiation time was 3 mo (2,160 hr) at 10,800 r. Thoroughly cleaned test plates were coated twice at 24-hr intervals. Twelve plates were coated with each lacquer; 4 of them were irradiated, 4 were aged under normal atmospheric conditions, and 4 were examined at the beginning of the experiment for physicochemical properties. Samples for irradiation were fastened to a regular 16-wall drum 26 cm in dia., equidistant from the radiation source. In the center of the drum a Pt needle with 100 mg of Ra/sup 226/ screened by Be was placed. Results showed that coatings made of polyvinyl butyral, copolymer of vinyl chloride and isobutyl ether of polyvinyl alcohol, alkyd resin or polymerized linseed oil had much better elasticity and shock resistance than samples aged under normal atmospheric conditions. Irradiated samples of coatings made of chlorinated rubber, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and phenolformaldehyde resins lost their elasticity and adhesion. (OID)