We report four new organic sensitizers with terthiophene, ethylenedioxythiophene, bithiophene, and cyclopentadithiophene as the π-linkers and scrutinize the dye-structure correlated photovoltaic parameters of cells based on a cobalt electrolyte.


The invention relates to a synthesis method for 6-bromoimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine-3-phenyl ketone. The method includes: reacting N, N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal with 2-amino-5-chloropyridine at 40-100DEG C to prepare an N, N-dimethyl-N'-2-(5-chloro-pyridine)yl-formamidine intermediate; without purification, reacting the intermediate with alpha-bromoacetophenone at 60-160DEG C in certain solvent under the action of alkali, at the end of reaction, conducting cooling to room temperature so as to precipitate high purity 6-chloroimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine 3-phenyl ketone crystals, conducting pumping filtration, collecting the filter cake, adding water into the mother liquid, carrying out extraction, washing, drying and concentration to obtain a crude product, and subjecting the crude product to recrystallization so as to obtain a pure product. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available reaction raw materials, reasonable price, mild reaction conditions, easy operation, easy control and simple aftertreatment. Also, the product has stable quality and high purity.


In this work we examine synthetic antiferromagnetic structures consisting of two, three, and four antiferromagnetic coupled layers, i.e., bilayers, trilayers, and tetralayers. We vary the thickness of the ferromagnetic layers across all structures and, using a macrospin formalism, find that the nearest neighbor exchange interaction between layers is consistent across all structures for a given thickness. Our model and experimental results demonstrate significant differences in how the magnetostatic equilibrium states of even and odd-layered structures evolve as a function of the external field. Even layered structures continuously evolve from a collinear antiferromagnetic state to a spin canted non-collinear magnetic configuration that is mirror-symmetric about the external field. In contrast, odd-layered structures begin with a ferrimagnetic ground state; at a critical field, the ferrimagnetic ground state evolves into a non-collinear state with broken symmetry. Specifically, the magnetic moments found in the odd-layered samples possess stable static equilibrium states that are no longer mirror-symmetric about the external field after a critical field is reached. Our results reveal the rich behavior of synthetic antiferromagnets.


Reducing the unavailability of safety systems at nuclear power plants, by utilizing the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) methodology, is one of the prime goals in the nuclear industry. In that sense, optimization of test and maintenance activities, which are defined within the technical specifications, represents quite popular and interesting domain. Obtaining optimal test and maintenance schedule is of great significance for improving system availability and performance as well as plant availability in general. On the other side, equipment aging has gradually become a major concern in the nuclear industry since the number of safety systems components, that are approaching their wear-out stage, is rising fast. Nuclear power plants life management programs, considering safety components aging, are being developed and employed. The immense uncertainty associated to the available component aging rates databases poses significant difficulties in the process of incorporation and quantification of the aging effect within the PSA and, subsequently, in the decision-making process. In this paper, an approach for optimization of surveillance test interval of standby equipment with highly uncertain aging parameters, based on genetic algorithm technique and PSA, is presented. A standard standby safety system in nuclear power plant is selected as a case study. A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is used to assess uncertainty propagation on system level. Optimal test interval is derived on the basis of minimal system unavailability and minimal impact of components aging parameters uncertainty. The results obtained in this application indicate the fact that risk-informed surveillance requirements differ from existing ones in technical specifications as well as show the importance of considering aging data uncertainties in component aging modeling.


Abstract In order to meet the stringent environmental obligations, the research in the recent past has been focused on adopting sustainable techniques in industrial sector. Ultrasonic assisted turning (UAT) process has been developed in this regard to machine difficult to cut materials like alloys of nickel, titanium and composite materials. The present paper presents a thorough literature review to highlight the advantages in terms of low cutting forces and stress levels developed in UAT as compared to conventional turning process. In UAT, the cutting tool is imparted ultrasonic vibrations and hence an intermittent cutting mechanism is dominant. A decreased tool wear accompanied with compressive residual stresses in the machined part has made UAT a viable alternative to machine the advanced materials. The chip analysis has been shown to indicate that there occurs less plastic deformation in the material during UAT. The main objective of the present review article is to highlight advantages of UAT and to encourage the same by discussing a way forward to make it cost effective and environment friendly by reducing the carbon footprints of machining.


The production technology and technique of producing PET 83 dtex/72 f fine denier DTY with conventional highspeed spinning equipment are introduced.The factors that have effect on product quality are analyzed.The technique key points on the production of PET fine denier DTY are pointed out.It has been proved that PET fine denier 83 dtex/72 f DTY can be completely spun on the conventional equipment by choosing suitable technology parameters.


An accelerated method of simplex algorithm was studied.N-M simplex algorithm departures from the worst point to the center of the other vertex of the simplex as the optimization direction.Vector synthesis is a method to speed up the simplex algorithm.Referring to the gradient algorithm,the best point is found by virtue of vector synthesis formula.The best vertex and other vertex except the worst one constitute a new simplex for searching.Experimental results show that the method is faster and better than NM simplex algorithm and gradient algorithm.


Influence of high-frequency (27 GHz) and low-frequency (5 Hz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on four generations of drosophila has been investigated. The basic method of processing of results is a method of construction of tables of survival. Laws of changes of survival rates and death-rates of young flies of Drosophila melanogaster according to electromagnetic field frequency have complex nonlinear character wave-like behavior of parameter changes of intensity of death-rate both in high-frequency and in a low-frequency electromagnetic field is well observed. Intensity of death-rate of young flies in electromagnetic field increases in every second generation. The obtained results are necessary for modeling of the process of influence of electromagnetic field on real biosystem. All the found parameters are informative and reflect stability of the population.


The open innovation paradigm involves the internal and external organization of the innovation process of firms. Proponents and opponents have different views on the actual contribution of this paradigm to the research community. We argue that given the prior literature on the subject, the main conceptual contribution of the open innovation paradigm is the claim that firms with a successful innovation process are simultaneously active on both sides of the market for technology by buying and selling technology. We derive a testable implication that buying and selling technology should be complementary in the production of innovations but find no evidence for such complementarity in a data set from the Community Innovation Survey for Belgian firms. The productivity of R&D for firms active in selling technology, buying technology, or doing both is not significantly different. Notably, firms moving toward both buying and selling increase their sales of new or improved products, but their R&D costs increase more than proportionally. The results suggest that more research is needed into the costs of organizing for open innovation to establish its actual contribution.


The vacuum fluorescent displays(VFDs) consist of cathode, grid and anode coated with phosphor, which are developed based on the vacuum electronic tubes. With the advantages of high luminance, high reliability, multicolor display, agile and active display, wide viewing angle, long life time, and low driving voltage, the VFDs have been widely used in various fields.


Six new gold(III) complexes [Au(bzpam)Cl2] (1, bzpamH = N-benzyl picolinamide), [Au(hetpam)Cl2] (2, hetpamH = N-(2-hydroxyethyl) picolinamide), [Au(pypam)Cl]AuCl4 (3, pypamH = N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) picolinamide), [Au(dmepam)Cl]AuCl4 (4, dmepamH = N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) picolinamide), [Au(bhetpydam)Cl] (5, bhetpydamH2 = N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) pyridine- 2,6-dicarboxamide) and [Au2(hedam)Cl4] (6, hedamH2 = N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl) dipicolinamide) with deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, H1 NMR and C13 NMR techniques. The analytical data showed that deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide coordinated with gold(III) ions through a nitrogen atom. The cytotoxicity against Bel-7402 and HL-60 cell lines was tested by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) assays. The results indicated that the complexes exerted cytotoxic effects against Bel-7402 and HL-60 cell lines, complex 6 had better cytotoxicity than cisplatin, and complex 3 displayed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin against Bel-7402 cell line. The results suggested that the characteristics of ligands had an important effect on cytotoxicity of complexes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In India Mobile Handsets industry is one of the fastest growing, and competition oriented industry of India. The rising competition in the Mobile Handsets industry has brought the Mobile Handsets manufacturing companies under pressure to absorb the consumers and this has made the customers more empowered. The more advance in technology of the mobile phones, the higher the rank the user is seen in the eyes of other people. Many people in this world believe that their mobile phones seem to be a fashion statement. It says something about the owner, much like owner clothing. The advertising has primary and energetic impact on buying behavior of customers. With the growth of Mobile Handsets industry in India, it is necessity for effective advertising has elevated. The basic objective of this study is to examine impact of advertising on purchasing behavior of customers and to examine the impact of pricing, features, quality, and brand name on purchasing behavior of customers. A structured questionnaire has been designed and used to collect data. For this research, the researcher chosen the simple random sampling, where the respondents were potential consumers located in Ahmedabad. The number of respondents targeted to answer the questionnaires was 100. Collected data was analyzed using Reliability and descriptive statistics. Demographics such as age, gender, education, occupation and family income were also included. Findings revealed that monthly family income of consumers' impact on consumer buying behavior.


Osteoporosis affects over 1 million Australians and is due to reduced bone mass and disruption of bone microarchitecture resulting in increased risk of fracture. Osteomalacia may also present with low bone mineral density (BMD) and atraumatic fractures, but is due to reduced mineralisation of bone rather than low bone mass. The commonest cause of osteomalacia worldwide is calcium/ vitamin D deficiency, but it is rare in the developed world. We present a 46-year-old man with delayed healing of an atraumatic stress fracture of the left distal tibia. BMD was reduced at the hip (T-score: −2.5 SD) and screening tests for secondary osteoporosis were negative apart from an elevated alkaline phosphatase (fracture related) and a marginally reduced serum phosphate (0.77 mmol/ L, normal range (NR): 0.80–1.50). At baseline, parathyroid hormone was within the normal reference interval (5.6 pmol/L; NR: 1.3–7.6). After 3 years of bisphosphonate treatment, the BMD remained low, his fracture failed to heal and further fractures of the ribs, left calcaneus, talus and metatarsals were demonstrated on bone scan/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He also developed progressive hypophosphataemia (nadir 0.56 mmol/ L) with evidence of urinary phosphate wasting. Fanconi syndrome was excluded as the 24-h urine collection demonstrated phosphaturia and reduced tubular reabsorption of phosphate without accompanying hypercalciuria, aminoaciduria or glycosuria. Despite hypophosphataemia, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level was inappropriately normal at 163 pmol/L (NR: 60–200) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a phosphaturic renal hormone, was mildly elevated (56 ng/L, NR: 10–54) raising suspicion of ectopic production. Bisphosphonate therapy was suspended and calcitriol was commenced with normalisation of serum phosphate. Whole body imaging with Gallium-68 DOTATATE positronemission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) demonstrated multiple new stress fractures in the bilateral ilia, ribs and medial femoral condyles as well as an octreopeptide-avid 20 × 26 mm sclerotic lesion in the left lateral femoral condyle (Fig. 1). MRI of the lesion suggested bone infarction, however, in the clinical context, tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) secondary to a mesenchymal FGF-23 secreting tumour was considered more likely. Histology of the surgically excised lesion confirmed the diagnosis of benign mesenchymal tumour with positive immunohistochemical staining for somatostatin receptor 2A and FGF-23. Post-operatively, FGF-23 levels normalised and the patient experienced resolution of his fractures. TIO results in reduced bone mineralisation due to FGF-23 mediated urinary phosphate wasting. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours are almost always benign, and usually very small without focal diagnostic signs.


Cor pulmonale is a well-descriptionbed complication of chronic pulmonary disease, but is rarely mentioned as a complication of acute pulmonary infection in childhood.


There has been significant progress in the area of content- based still image retrieval systems. However, most of the existing visual information system use static feature analysis models decided by database implementers based on heuristics, and adapting indexing oriented data modeling. In other words, such system fall short in a number of areas including scalability, extensibility and adaptability. In this paper, we will attempt to resolve the problems that surface in content modeling, description and sharing of distributed heterogeneous multimedia information. A language; named UCDL, for heterogeneous multimedia content description is presented to resolve the related problem. The resulting UCDL facilitates a formal modeling method of complex multimedia content, a unified content description scheme, and the exchange of heterogeneous content information. The proposed language has several advantages. For instance, an individual user can easily create audio- vidual descriptions by using a library of automated tools. Users can do automated testing of content description for correctness and completeness before populating the data base and its use. Note that with UCDL, content description becomes implementation independent, thus offering portability across a number of applications from authoring tools to database management systems. Users can have personalized retrieval view through content filtering, and can easily share the heterogenous content descriptions of various information sources.


The fundamental problem of modern astrophysics - enigma of the galaxy latent masses - may be solved due to the existence of the natural space micro wave sources. Precise spectrum observations allow to detect crossing of the line of site by gravity micro lenses from Massive Compact Halo Objects if these latter exist.


Estuarine ecosystems are largely influenced by watersheds directly connected to them. In the Mobile Bay, Alabama watersheds we examined the effect of land cover and land use (LCLU) changes on discharge rate, water properties, and submerged aquatic vegetation, including freshwater macrophytes and seagrasses, throughout the estuary. LCLU scenarios from 1948, 1992, 2001, and 2030 were used to influence watershed and hydrodynamic models and evaluate the impact of LCLU change on shallow aquatic ecosystems. Overall, our modeling results found that LCLU changes increased freshwater flows into Mobile Bay altering temperature, salinity, and total suspended sediments (TSS). Increased urban land uses coupled with decreased agricultural/pasture lands reduced TSS in the water column. However, increased urbanization or agricultural/pasture land coupled with decreased forest land resulted in higher TSS concentrations. Higher sediment loads were usually strongly correlated with higher TSS levels, except in areas where a large extent of wetlands retained sediment discharged during rainfall events. The modeling results indicated improved water clarity in the shallow aquatic regions of Mississippi Sound and degraded water clarity in the Wolf Bay estuary. This integrated modeling approach will provide new knowledge and tools for coastal resource managers to manage shallow aquatic habitats that provide critical ecosystem services.


Combined with redial road reconstruction in Huangpu highway,the author analyzes the techniques of its horizontal and vertical linear design,introduces the design of roadbed and pavement,and proposes preventive measures for pavement failures,which to offer a reference for similar engineering.


We present a mathematical programming model that was constructed to match flight data from the FAA Air Traffic Control system with airline gate data maintained by an individual carrier. The purpose is to provide reliable data for calibrating realistic models of airport activity. Our technique also has potential value for other logistics and information systems where time stamps for sequential stages in a process are blended to impute time durations for activities, especially where observations are occasionally missing or imperfectly recorded.


THE TERMS serum oxidase, serum copper oxidase, and ceruloplasmin are frequently regarded as more or less synonymous in meaning, and an extensive literature on ceruloplasmin and serum oxidase has accumulated over the past twelve years. Ceruloplasmin is of considerable interest, not only for its biochemical features but because of its relationship to disease states, of which hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease) is the most important. Although Mann and Keilin' in 1938 described the isolation from human blood of a copper-containing globulin and Luetscherz two years later found a similar blue globulin in pig's serum, it was not until 1947 that a series of papers by Holmberg and Laurell3-B led to a more adequate appreciation of the importance of the substance called by them ceruloplasmin because of its blue color. It is said to be an alpha, globulin of a molecular weight of approximately 151,000 and to have a copper content of around 0.3416, which corresponds to 8 atoms of copper per molecule of ceruloplasmin. Holmberg and Laurell thought that most (90 to 95%) of the serum copper was bound to ceruloplasmin, and this is in agreement with the findings of others, such as Cartwright and associates.' However, Thompson and Watson,s using graded sodium sulfate precipitation of the globulins, and later Cumings, Goodwin, and Earl? using the same technic and controlling by paper electrophoresis, showed association of a considerable proportion of the copper with fractions of different mobilities from alpha globulin. The early studies by Holmberg and Laurell showed that ceruloplasmin, like such other copper proteins as plant laccase, has enzymatic activity as an oxidase against a variety of polyhydroxylic and polyamine compounds, which include pyrogallol, catechol, epinephrine, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, and paraphenylenediamine (PPD). The last appears to be the best substrate, in vitro at least, and, while up to the present no very definite physiologic function can be assigned to ceruloplasmin, its enzymatic activity has led to a very useful method for its determination and its study by workers in many centers. Scheinberg and Gitlin'O showed that patients with hepatolenticular degeneration had little or no ceruloplasmin in their blood. Hepatolenticular degeneration is a rare, often familial, genetically determined disease. The first recorded case was observed by Frerichs of Berlin in 1854,ll but it was not until 1912 that the clinical, historic, and pathophysiologic features were very ably described by Kinnier Wilson.12 The condition has not ceased to intrigue and puzzle investigators ever since. Current knowledge and theories on the subject are well reviewed by Bearn13 and Walshe.14 The 2 facts which are now generally accepted and which are relevant to this paper are as follows: 1. A number of clinical forms of the disease exists; in addition to the classic acute or subacute type with mainly neurologic features as described by Wilson and the chronic, long drawn out neurologic form equated in some of the European literature with pseudosclerosis of Westphallj and Strumpell,1'3-18 primary abdominal forms have been described,19-22 a


Faculty Knowledge and Use of Best Practices in Online Professional Continuing Education by Gladys Montane M.A.Ed., Seaton Hall University, 1999 BS, Montclair State College, 1994 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University January 2016 Abstract A recent mandate by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists requires that U.S. radiologic technologists complete continuous qualification requirements (CQR). This study examined faculty skills and practices at an American university that developedA recent mandate by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists requires that U.S. radiologic technologists complete continuous qualification requirements (CQR). This study examined faculty skills and practices at an American university that developed online CQR courses in response to this mandate. It was specifically designed to assess the knowledge and skills of this university's faculty with regard to best practices in an online learning environment, so as to provide the basis for meeting faculty needs in distance education. Dewey's work on constructivism served as the framework guiding this study. A qualitative, intrinsic case study was employed to collect data using semistructured interviews of 11 imaging science faculty. NVivo10 ®TM software was used to help analyze the data through a methodical approach of open and axial coding allowing for categorical creation of nodes. Through successive iterations, the nodes were further collapsed and emerged into 6themes: preparation for the online environment; just-in-time learning; knowledge of pedagogical and best practices; platform preparation/technology; interaction with students; and in retrospect, which was defined as the participants' reflections on previous experiences. The results were used to inform a position paper recommending ongoing professional development programs complimented with support services. Implementing the recommendations may position faculty to be more pedagogically appropriate when instructing in the online environment. The study contributes to positive social change by providing faculty with online teaching tools and skills. By positioning faculty with online pedagogical skills that improve instructional currency, practicing radiological technologists and their patients will ultimately benefit through enhanced patient care. Faculty Knowledge and Use of Best Practices in Online Continuing Education by Gladys Montane M.A. Ed., Seaton Hall University, 1999 BS, Montclair State College, 1994 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University January 2016 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my best friend and mom, Margarita Velazquez. She instilled in me the importance of an education, the love of learning and exploring new adventures. Throughout this journey, she has been with me in spirit watching over me and providing me with the strength I needed to see this journey to fruition. I dedicate my dissertation and degree to her memory. Acknowledgments The accomplishment of this doctorial journal without the love and support of my family would not have been possible. I am forever grateful to my husband Pedro Montane for helping me keep the household functioning smoothly and providing me with words of encouragement. To my son Nicholas, thank you for understanding that Mom had assignments that could not wait and for always loving me even though I could not participate in your activities. Nicholas, I love you to the moon and back. Thank you, my wonder sister, Judy, for all the time you dedicated to proofreading my assignments. Thank you, Dad, for always supporting me and providing words of encouragement. I would like to thank my colleagues and my coworkers for all their support and encouragement. Dr. Lord my doctoral committee chairs my content expert Dr. Stone whom without your expertise and guidance, I could not have handled the obstacles I encountered. Your assistance, support, and dedication were never wavering. You have made me a better educator, scholar, and person for going through this journey. Thank you for helping me stay on course. Finally, thank you Dear Lord for allowing me to complete this journey and see my dream come through and for giving me the strength to continue when I was


Gap junctions (GJs) play an important role in the regulation of cell response to many drugs. However, little is known about their mechanisms. Using an in vitro model of cytotoxicity induced by geneticin (G418), we explored the potential signalling mechanisms involved. Incubation of cells with G418 resulted in cell death, as indicated by the change in cell morphology, loss of cell viability and activation of caspase‐3. Before the onset of cell injury, G418 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activated oxidative sensitive kinase P38 and caused a shift of connexin 43 (Cx43) from non‐phosphorylated form to hyperphosphorylated form. These changes were largely prevented by antioxidants, suggesting an implication of oxidative stress. Downregulation of Cx43 with inhibitors or siRNA suppressed the expression of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), activated Akt and protected cells against the toxicity of G418. Further analysis revealed that inhibition of TXNIP with siRNA activated Akt and reproduced the protective effect of Cx43‐inhibiting agents, whereas suppression of Akt sensitized cells to the toxicity of G418. Furthermore, interference of TXNIP/Akt also affected puromycin‐ and adriamycin‐induced cell injury. Our study thus characterized TXNIP as a presently unrecognized molecule implicated in the regulatory actions of Cx43 on oxidative drug injury. Targeting Cx43/TXNIP/Akt signalling cascade might be a promising approach to modulate cell response to drugs.


To date, the writings of Marek Nowakowski comprise nearly two hundred short stories, the shortest one only three pages long, Rudy kot (The Tabby Cat). According to Zbigniew Mentzel, one of Marek Nowakowski's Polish crit ics, these short stories are "mini-short-stories'' comparable to fully formed paragraphs of a yet unfinished work. With a rich visual texture which never omits the slightest detail, bringing to the reader's attention either a landscape, a face, a gesture or a sound, these fragments are announced by suggestive titles reminiscent of pictures from a photo album: Star a ulica (The Old Street), Benek Kwiaciarz (Benek the Florist), Mlody w niebieskim kombinezonie (The Young Man in Blue Overalls), Chtopak z gotgbiem na glowie (The Boy with a Pigeon on his Head), Arty si (The Artists), Sarkoma (Sarcoma), U fryzjera (At the Bar ber's), Ksiqzg nocy (The Night Prince), etc. The pictures come to life and turn into narratives where the writer, a witness for himself and for others, author, actor and director, projects his torn and dispersed self onto his many different characters. If Marek Nowakowski is not always to be found directly in his characters, he never theless maintains close and intimate ties with them, and surreptitiously fol lows them in exploring a universe where both biography, or rather biology and history mingle in the complex throbbings of the psychological and meta physical being. Here, history is viewed sociologically as the crossroad where values from a dying past confront the values of an undetermined pres ent centered on a collapsing economy. The issues raised by Marek Nowakowski's characters reveal a distressed society, if not a neurotic one, and the result of a broken balance which may be regained by a fulfilling but unfruitful escape, since any normal growth is constantly thwarted. Marek Nowakowski's inquiry which secured for his writings the question able label of "maty realizm" (minor realism), has resulted in a picaresque


T notes are meant as background for devising whether an acquisition of a target firm might lead the acquiring player in a position from which it can significantly foreclose the market to new entrants. In particular, the economic literature has shown that, whenever a firm attempts to launch a takeover bid over a target company in which it already has an ownership stake (a 'toehold'), other potential bidders may suffer from a competitive disadvantage in contesting the takeover. This would shield the incumbent from the competitive pressure of potential entrants, and would yield a situation in which new entrants are discouraged from entering the market. As Bulow, Huang and Klemperer (1999) conclude, "a controlling minority shareholder may therefore be effectively immune to outside offers".


This study investigates the impact of the capital structure on firm performance for Pharmaceuticals & Chemical companies in Bangladesh. To conduct this study, a sample of 22 Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals Companies listed in DSE during the sample period of 2013 to 2020 has been used. Eight (8) years of panel data were analyzed using a panel corrected standard error multiple regression model. In this study, firm's performance is measured by ROA (return on asset), ROE (return on equity), and EPS (earnings per share). The ratio of long-term debt ratio, short-term debt ratio, total debt ratio, total debt to equity ratio have been used as a proxy of capital structure. Also, three control variables (liquidity, firm size, firm age) have been considered for this study. Results of the regression output show that short-term debt ratio and long-term debt ratio are statistically significant with firm's performance and their relationship is negative. Total debt ratio and debt to to-equity ratio are insignificant when measured by earnings per share. The three models used in this study produced statistically significant results. The study found that the external fund (debt) has a negative impact on the performance, meaning that external fund (debt) is negatively correlated with the performance for Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals Companies in Bangladesh. The findings of this study also support the Peaking Order Theory of capital structure.


This paper reviews a mature dry storage technology developed by GEC ALSTHOM Engineering Systems Limited (GAES) which offers a passive, economical and licensable method of providing irradiated fuel storage capacity at operational nuclear power stations. The evolution of the modular vault dry store (MVDS) technology has taken place over 25 years of operational experience, culminating in a product which meets all of the concerns of licensing authorities regarding safety and fuel integrity. The application of remote handling robotics to nuclear fuel and active component handling as a routine process rather than as an intervention technique is also reviewed. The growth of the application of this technology is governed by several factors which include: statutory requirements, safety assurance, risk reduction and economic pressures. The availability of a mature MVDS technology with an evolving process-capable robotics technology opens up opportunities for exporting proven UK products.


Objective To study the relation between antihelicobacter pylori and treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.Methods 14C exhalation test was applied to find out 67 patients of diabetic gastroparesis combined with helicobacter pylori infection.All of them accepted regular treatment of antihelicobacter pylori.Results Fourty-one patients were cured for helicobacter pylori,and the symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis of 33 patients improved.Out of other 26 patients whose helicobacter pylori was not eradicated,only 17 had improvement in symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis.Conclusion All diabetic gastroparesis patients with helicobacter pylori infection should accept antihelicobacter pylori treatment,so that the therapeutic effect for diabetic gastroparesis can be enhanced.


Presented at a Conference on Latin American Missions for representatives of church bodies comprising The Evangelical Lutheran Confessional Forum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, January 24–25, 1974. Pastor Voss is Mission Director for the Federation for Authentic Lutheranism.


The invention relates to the technical field of domestic funguses, and particularly to culture medium ingredients of cultivating tremella by utilizing mulberry twig, and a cultivation method thereof. The culture medium ingredients comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of mulberry twig wood chips, 880-1100 parts of cottonseed hull, 180-220 parts of wheat bran, 12-16 parts of soybean meal, 18-19 parts of plaster, 0.4-0.6 parts of magnesium sulphate, and 0.4-0.6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. According to the invention, the culture medium ingredients have wide sources, and do not need to add carbohydrate; through the utilization of the ingredients to cultivate the mulberry twig, the cost is low, mulberry twig spawn grows well, the speed is fast, and the yield is improved; the cultivation method is easy to operate, simple in daily management, and easy to produce the mulberry twig at scale.


Residual stresses of alumina scale formed at 1000, 1100 and 1200℃ on magnetron-sputtered Co-Cr-Al nanocoatings with and without yttrium additions have been measured using photo-stimulated luminescence spectroscopy (PSLS). The measured results are as follows: (1) the residual stresses of scale increase with increasing temperature; (2) the residual stresses are smaller on locations with transient oxidation than on the other region without transient oxidation; (3) the residual stresses of scale are close on both nanocoatings at 1000℃ but they are generally higher on Co-Cr-Al-Y nanocoating than on Co-Cr-Al at 1100 and 1200 ℃. The above results are also discussed.


The effect of modification of plasticizer and stabilizer systems on the radiation resistance of flexible PVC compositions for medical applications was studied. Samples were irradiated in a linear accelerator LAE 13/9 of electrons beam with dose of 25 kGy. Biological-chemical and mechanical-physical property data were measured for irradiated and additionally ageing plasticized PVC compositions of modified formulations and compared with those of standard medical grade compositions. Post-irradiated stability of flexible PVC meeting the Pharmacopoeia requirements has been achieved.


For years, the landlords in Nepal have suppressed the main factor of production in agriculture. The "Kamaiya" system is a form of bonded labor and the decision on July 17, 2000 not only declared the end of the bondage, but it also put the ex?Kamaiyas in an equal position with the landlords in the social hierarchy. This article reviews the situation of ex?Kamaiyas before and after their freedom. Social exploitation and unequal income distribution by the landlords invited conflict in the region and finally, in the year 2000, the government declared freedom for the ex?Kamaiyas and held the system illegal. However, after the passing of several years the social and economic situation has not changed significantly. Social and economic freedom has yet to come to these people; somehow they are still attached to the old kind of problems. This paper highlights some socio?economic indicators and analyses the role of ex?Kamaiyas in the development process of the region and further suggests that ex?Kamaiyas are a potential of the region and that they should not be neglected even if they belong to a minority. Finally, it discusses some areas where intervention should be done to provide a better life to ex?Kamaiyas.


This study aims to describe the process of implementing the pair check learning model and to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in class IIIB SD No. 8 Jimbaran on the material around the flat wake. This research is a classroom action research with the research subjects of class IIIB elementary school students. 8 Jimbaran, totaling 23 students. This research was carried out in 2 cycles and each cycle consisted of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The data obtained in the form of student learning outcomes, student activity and teacher activity. The results of this study are the percentage of mastery learning outcomes has increased from 39.13% to 86.95%, while the results of observations of teacher activities obtained a percentage of 71.9%. The conclusions of this study namely the pair check learning model can significantly improve student learning outcomes that is equal to 86.95%.


In order to guaranty a sufficient High Order Modes (HOM) damping in the European XFEL cavities, a detailed analysis of the mechanical cavity production was performed. The mechanical measurements are precise enough to control the shape of cavity parts, but cannot be used for a welded cavity. To estimate the shape deformation during equator welding, the eigenfrequencies of cavity cells are compared with frequencies of cavity parts. This simple RF analysis can indicate irregularity of 9 equator welds and was used in addition to control of mean values for longitudinal and transverse deformations.


The invention discloses bend-type crystal implanting forceps. The forceps comprise forceps handles, forceps points and a forceps tail, wherein the forceps points and the forceps tail are arranged at the two end parts of the forceps handles respectively; first holes, second holes and cushion pads are formed in and arranged on the forceps handles; the cushion pads are arranged on the inner side surfaces, at the ends near the forceps points, of the forceps handles; the forceps points are provided with bends and bending arms; the bends adopt a circular arc-shaped structure; the bending arms adopt a straight pole structure; smooth insections are formed in the inner side surfaces of the bends. Through the adoption of the technology, conventional pointed cones are modified into the smooth bend structure, so as to reduce potential safety hazard existing in operation to a certain extent; meanwhile, the smooth structures are arranged on the inner side surfaces of the bend structures, so as to protect crystal from damaging, and improve clamping force of friction moderately; the practicability of the device is improved by forming and arranging the holes and the cushion pads on the forceps handles; the goals of reducing operation risk and improving work efficiency are achieved eventually.


In this paper we discuss the spectral properties of one-term symmetric differential operators of even order with interior singularity, namely, we determine the deficiency numbers, describe its self-adjoint extensions and their spectrum. It is assumed that the operators are generated by the differential expression
$$l_{2m}[y](x)=(-1)^m(c(x)y^{(m)})^{(m)}(x),$$ where $x \in I:=[-1,1]$, the coefficient $c(x)$ has one zero on the set $I$, and the orders of this zero on the right side and the left side are not necessarily equal.


MXene based materials have a high performance in electromagnetic interference shielding. However, designing a MXene-based electromagnetic interference shielding material with broad-band, lightweight, thin thickness properties is still a challenge. In this work, we successfully fabricated patterned MXene films and MXene/silver nanowires films using laser ablation technique, which could effectively boost the shielding efficiency of materials in X-band without adding the thickness and with less weight. As shown in the results, the shielding efficiency of the patterned MXene films increased with the pattern depth, up to 37.7 dB, which is 10% larger than that of un-patterned MXene film. The silver nanowires doped patterned films had the same trend, with a maximum shielding efficiency of 38.4 dB. We attribute this effect to the small interfaces brought by engraving pattern, which can make a growing number of reflections of electromagnetic waves in the material, reduce surface reflection, and enhance the shielding efficiency of MXene. Meanwhile, we verified the enhancement mechanism by simulation. This work provides a feasible strategy to boost electromagnetic shielding efficiency without increasing the thickness and weight of material, which may have a potential application prospect.


An article published in this issue by Rothman et al. entitled 'The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio' argues that the reporting odds ratio (RORs) is a more valid measure of association when applied to datasets of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions. However, in our view, this paper fails to provide a coherent basis to support its title, conclusions and take home messages. It has brought together two different issues and confused them. The first issue is what measure is to be used to identify associations, and the second is what comparisons are to be made within a database. RORs and proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) are both measures of disproportionality used for the purpose of detecting signals in spontaneous ADR reporting databases. Both are calculated from the same 2 2 tables with the PRR being identical to the calculation of a relative risk (RR) from a cohort study i.e. (a/aþ c)/(b/bþ d) and the ROR identical to the calculation of an odds ratio (OR) from a case-control study i.e. ad/bc. It is well-recognised that these measures will give very similar results providing, as is virtually always the case in this context, a is a small proportion of aþ c and b is a small proportion of bþ d. Effectively this is a similar argument used to show that the OR in a case-control study approximates the RR. Whilst the calculations of PRR and RR, and ROR and OR respectively are identical, it is important to understand that when used in this context they are not meant to actually estimate RR but to assist in efficiently identifying potential drug hazards from often large datasets of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions. A judgment on the validity and utility of these measures should be based on comparison of their sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in signal detection from a real dataset. Since Rothman et al. make only passing reference to a paper published in this Journal in 2002, the reader might be forgiven for assuming that such data do not yet exist. In fact, that 2002 paper made such a comparison and showed clearly that, in practice, there is no important difference between the measures for the purpose for which they are used. However, it was pointed out that there are some minor issues which might influence choice of measure. In particular, making adjustments in a logistic regression analysis is easy with an ROR but the ROR will occasionally be impossible calculate i.e. when b or c is zero whereas the PRR can still be calculated when c is zero (but not when b is zero). Statistical arithmetic is unimportant here and the differences between these measures of association in this setting are of no major significance. The second, and possibly more interesting issue is the choice of a comparison group. This has nothing whatever to do with ORs or RRs. Rothman et al. use a single invented example for illustrative purposes but which is of little relevance to the usual problems faced in signal detection. The authors seem to be trying to demonstrate that inclusion of the data for event B in their tables will bias the estimate of RR for event A when the drug produces a 10-fold reduction in event A. This would be unusual and we doubt that these approaches will be valuable in such a situation. What would be more relevant from their example would be to consider whether or not event B will be affected by event A (i.e. will it lead to a spurious signal being detected?). In that situation, the ROR is actually larger (and therefore more biased?) than the PRR (1.8 vs. 1.7) but still insufficient to raise a strong signal. Thus their example seems merely to illustrate the mathematical inevitability that an ROR will always be further away from 1 than the PRR. However, the precise values of the point estimates derived from such calculations are of


Summary:
 Lawant & Winthagen (2001) proposed that a succulent Euphorbia, specifically E. resinifera, was portrayed about 1500 years ago, on page 149 of the monk-made parchment manuscript entitled Codex Neapolitanus. An alternative hypothesis, that the plant portrayed is a species of Caralluma, is here rejected. A full translation of the Greek text which accompanies the plant picture is also provided.


This paper aims to present the results of the analysis on the use of A* and Dijkstra's algorithms as applied in the proposed route optimization model towards the development of a mobile application system for intelligent school transport. The study made use of a user-constructed simulation tool to test how each algorithm will work as applied in the proposed school transport system named EESCOOL which once developed can be useful in most schools and universities in the Philippines. Sample test cases of graphs with seven and 26 nodes or vertices and an anomaly (which refers to additional weight which represents any traffic situation) were considered in running the simulation tests. Results showed that A* algorithm performed better with shorter expected time of arrival (ETA) as compared to Dijkstra's algorithm during normal traffic situations and on small graph. Meanwhile, the use of Dijkstra's algorithm appeared to generate shorter ETA when it encountered anomalies in the traffic situations in either small or large graph. Therefore, it is suggested based from the results of the study to use both algorithms in the proposed intelligent school transport system, EESCOOL taking into considerations two major parameters in the proposed design for EESCOOL such as traffic conditions and number of nodes. The findings of the study may also be considered in some future work such as designing an intelligent mechanism to automatically shift the use of both algorithms during normal or unusual traffic situations for effective route optimization technique which can be applied not only in the school transport system but also in various smart intelligent transport systems.


The power of television is able to demonstrate the use of the product, appeared enexpectedly, able to provide excitement, can use humor, effectively usingthe company's sales force and trade, the bility of achieving the desired impact. Due to the strength of the product through television advertising makes advertisers increasingly creative and innovative in designing an ad. The study will describe the influence of television advertising Hobat Habbatussauda on consumer buying interest. Subjects in this study were people Sambilegi Lor, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Theory is used as a measuring tool SUPER A good advertising and Hiearchy of Effect as consumer buying interest stage. The method used was a survey by spreading the questionnaire as a measuring tool. Then the presentation of the data in study of advertising and buying interest collected and then presented in tabular form, the data is then carried grain normality test, linearity, product moment correlation and simple linear regression. Result of this research: 1. There is a significant relationship between advertising Hobat Habbatussauda towards buying interest in the people Sambilegi Lor, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta with coefficient value 0,403 and significant value 0,000 < 0,05. 2. Effect of Hobat Habbatussuda ad on buying interest in the people Sambilegi Lor, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta has a strong correlation with the value 0,635 and is located in the interval table Guldford strength of the relationship, between 0,5 – 0,75.


The article discusses the problem of the formation of a universal educational action of classification among junior schoolchildren of the second grade, which refers to intellectual operations of a cognitive nature. Three stages of the formation of the classification action are revealed: the choice of an essential basis for grouping objects; classification according to a given basis; classification on an independently chosen basis. Examples of assignments developed on the basis of the content of various elementary school subjects are given, in the process of completing which students of the second grade consistently master the logical actions of classification.


A coordinator of the World Youth Day 2008 celebrated by the Catholic Church in Sydney, Australia, discusses the several events organised for the celebrations. He also shares visitors' experiences and suggests ways in which the enthusiastic reception for the celebrations can be channelled.


of systems, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) the that this adoption. less is the specific purposes for which these systems are used. the purposes for which managers use the Balanced Scorecard. Data was collected from a survey administered in 19 Dutch firms which had indicated that they used a BSC. The survey resulted in 224 responses from individual managers. Using exploratory factor analysis on Doll and Torkzadeh's Torkzadeh, Devel-oping a multidimensional measure of system-use in an organizational context. Information andManagement33,171–185.]instrumentofmultidimensionalMISusage,Ifindthatman-agersusetheBSCfor:(1)decision-makinganddecision-rationalizing;(2)coordination;and self-monitoring. of of controls for the of of the


Supported by agency theory, boards of directors (BD) performance was largely associated with the traditional determinants called usual suspects (size, independence and duality). The cognitive theories bring arguments being able to refute this association. The aim of this paper is to put forward the existence of other types of variables implying the BD performance. Indeed, on a sample of 123 French SME, results show that this latter is not associated with usual suspect determinants but rather with variables concerned with administrators competences as well as the board management.


In this paper, aluminum conductor steel reinforced(ACSR), high conductivity aluminum conductor steel reinforced, heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor steel reinforced, and all aluminum alloy conductor are compared and analyzed in detail from the electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and annual cost. Finally, combined with factors such as production process and construction technology, the transmission line conductor that is most suitable for a 15mm medium ice area is recommended. It provides a reference for the selection of transmission lines in future design.


In 1955 appeared one of the path-breaking studies on public communication: "Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication", by Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld. In his foreword, Elmo Roper gave an interesting, though somewhat silly description of the American public. In Roper"s picture, the public can be stratified in six groups, whose relationships he describes as six concentric circles. In the center are the "Great Thinkers", who have developed important theories or philosophies. Around them is a somewhat larger circle of "Great Disciples", who work out or advocate those theories or philosophies. Next are - in increasing sizes - the circles of "Great Disseminators", reaching larger publics, and of "Lesser Disseminators", with somewhat smaller audiences. Then come the "Participating Citizens" and finally the "Politically Inert". Roper adds that these groups "are not mutually exclusive. A Great Disseminator in one field may be Politically Inert in another..." (Roper 1955, xv-xviii).

What is wrong with this picture, or what is missing? Some questions and objections come to mind: What are the "philosophies" or "theories" which are produced and disseminated in this way? Is the production and dissemination of these ideas only a matter of personal influence? What are the circumstances of invention or production of ideas, what are the communication channels in which they are disseminated? Is personal creativity and influence distributed in such a simple hierarchical structure? The "great thinkers" model of cultural development has certainly long gone out of fashion. But what can be put into its place?

This paper tries to put these questions more precisely and to provide some answers. For "ideas" or "philosophies and theories", I am going to put "public culture". For the model of concentric or hierarchical production and dissemination of ideas, I will put a model of the sphere of public deliberation (or the "public sphere", in Habermas" terms) with a much more complex structure.


It is proposed that the spatial positions of bodies, relative to a classical metric and measured by interactions with classical radiation, are represented by directional quantum operators with Planck scale quantum conditions. With an antisymmetric commutator, the measured speed of light is the same at all frequencies, null fields are nondispersive, and phase is invariant on null sheets, but spacetime position measurements in different directions do not commute. This hypothesis leads to a new source of spatially coherent, Planckian "holographic noise" in relative measured phases of null fields propagating in different directions. Predicted phase correlations are estimated and compared with the sensitivities of current and planned interferometer experiments. Nearly co-located Michelson interferometers correlated at high frequency should be able to achieve the Planckian noise limit.


NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS THE EFFECT OF STICK-FORCE GRADIXNT AND STICK GRARING ON THE TRACKING ACCURACY OF A .FIGEPER AIRPLANE By Marvin Abramovitz and Rudolph D. Van Dyke, Jr. SUMMARY Steady straight-and-level and steady turning tracking runs against an aerial target were made with an F+lH airplane, equipped with a fixed optical sight and having various combinations of maneuvering stick-force and stick+leflection gradients. Over the complete range of contiol-system parameters covered (stick- force variation of 0.2 to 5.9 pounds per g and stick4eflection variation of 0.07 to 0.70 inch per g), excellent tracking could be accomplished, with standard deviations of pitch afm wander of less than 2 mils. Spectral densities of control--surface motion and stick-force variation indicated no significant or systematic variation of pilot's behavior or method of moving the controti with the variations in the control--system characte? istics. INTRODUCTION This investigation is an extension of prevfous studies of the influence of various aerodynamic factors on the tracking accuraoy of fighter airplanes (refs. 1 and 2). In these studies it was found that, in steady msneuvers with a fixed optical sight, excellent tracking was possible with a number of different airplane configurations and over a large variation of flight conditions. However, since all the configura- tions tested met United States Air Force handling-gualities specifica- tions (ref.


Developing enterprise clusters is a source of national and regional competitiveness because once the enterprise clusters form,they will produce strong and sustained competitive advantage.The article described the concepts,features,and analyzed the competitive advantages of enterprise clusters including cost advantage,product differentiation advantage and innovative advantage;also the source of these advantages was analyzed.The enterprise clusters phenomenon and its competitive advantage in developed areas were sum up.The article called on the government to attach importance to the development of enterprise clusters,give full play to their competitive advantage,provide a new path of economic growth for regions while formulating regional and national economic development policies.


Research on the fate and transport of endocrine-disrupting compounds and other organic wastewater compounds released into the environment and their potential presence in drinking water is in its infancy. Studies conducted during the last decade in Lincoln, Nebraska, and Berlin, Germany, indicate that removal of less polar compounds probably can be obtained through bank filtration, ground-water enrichment, and additional drinking-water and wastewater treatment processes. Polar compounds, such as atrazine and some metabolites, occur in drinking water obtained from contaminated surface water or ground water, but at concentrations generally lower than those occurring in wastewater and surface water. The results of the studies also suggest that concentrations of nonpolar estrogenic compounds decrease during drinking-water pretreatment processes such as bank filtration and ground-water enrichment.


Detailed analysis of the behaviour of the edge of the Antarctic polar vortex shows that it has to be considered as a region of finite latitudinal extent rather than as an infinitely narrow boundary. A new definition of the external boundary of the vortex edge allows the study of events where the edge becomes strongly dilated towards lower, even subtropical, latitudes. Such events have been observed by Argentinian subtropical ultra‐violet measurement stations and can also be found in the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer total‐ozone observations. The dilation of the vortex edge is due to a linear deformation of isentropic surfaces, but eventually leads to irreversible nonlinear mixing at low latitudes in the surf zone, where the horizontal gradients in Ertel potential vorticity are small.


Objective. The aim of our study was to compare the reproducibility of signal-averaged and conventional electrocardiogram (ECG). Design and methods. The study group included 20 young healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women, aged 18–25 years) examined twice with one-week interval. Twelve-lead and Frank's orthogonal system ECG recordings were acquired during 5 minutes using computerized ECG device at each examination; conventional and averaged ECG analyses were performed. Mathematical processing to get averaged ECG in each lead was performed using original program «HR ECG». The sum of P wave, PQ interval, and QRS durations and the sum of P, Q, R, S, T waves amplitudes (amplitudes) in lead I of 12‑lead ECG and in lead Y in Frank's lead system and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) indices (Sokolow-Lyon, Cornell voltage, Cornell product) were used for the evaluation of reproducibility. Results. Variation coefficients of durations between two evaluations of conventional and signal-averaged ECG were 13,1 % versus 4,8 % (p < 0,01) for lead I and 16 % versus 4,8 % (p < 0,01) for lead Y, respectively. Variation coefficients of amplitudes between two examinations of conventional and signal-averaged ECG were 12,2 % versus 7,2 % (p < 0,01) for lead I and 10,3 % versus 6,7 % for lead Y (p < 0,05), respectively. Variation coefficients of Sokolow-Lyon index, Cornell voltage and Cornell product were 12,3; 16,9 и 12,8 % versus 8,0; 14,2 и 10,1 %, respectively (p < 0,05 for all variables). Conclusions . The reproducibility of the signalaveraged ECG is significantly higher than the conventional one for interval duration, wave amplitude, as well as for LVH indices. The use of this method in clinical practice will increase the reliability of individual evaluation of myocardial changes at single examination and during follow-up. In studies with ECG control it may contribute to the decrease in study duration or group size required to reach statistically significant differences.


We consider ensemble averaged theories with discrete random variables. We propose a suitable measure to do the ensemble average. We also provide a mathematical description of such ensemble averages of theories in terms of Poisson point processes. Moreover, we demonstrate that averaging theories of this type has an equivalent description as tracing over parts of the microscopic degrees of freedom in a suitable continuous limit of a single microscopic theory. The results from both approaches can be identified with Liouville gravity, of which we further address some implications on the microscopic theory, including venues to look for quantum effects from the view point of the averaged theory. Generalizations to other point processes are also discussed.


Amateur scientists who traveled from town to town in the mid-nineteenth century delighted audiences by showing them the ancestor of the neon sign: the air was pumped out of a glass tube with platinum wires embedded in opposite ends, and the interior was made to glow in lively patterns when a high voltage was run across the wires. Transfixed by the fluorescence, the lecturers had however absolutely no idea what caused the electrical excitation in the vacuum tube.


Considering the actual condition of the right pylon base concrete of Anhui Xuancheng Wanxi river bridge,the scheme of the control of the massive concrete and the measure are introduced,and the temperature of the concrete is monitored by the temperature monitoring system,ensure the construction quality of the massive concrete,and provide a guide for the design and construction of the other massive concrete.


In the paper, the phenomenon of whiteness reducing of viscose fiber for spunlacing nonwovens product after disinfecting through high?temperature are analyzed. The reasons of fiber whiteness reducing after disinfecting through high temperature are found out and some relative methods are given out. The reducing of fiber whiteness after disinfecting through high?temperature is controlled effectively and the quality of product is improved in the meantime.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the conditions and manner in which communal services are performed in Serbia. All public utility companies face significant issues such as unclear ownership, politicized management, insufficient funds for investment, and dominant market positions. These issues are cited as reasons why they are ineffective, chronically illiquid, insufficiently modernized, and unable to offer citizens satisfactory service quality.Design/methodology/approach – The article is based on an analysis of current legislation, especially the Law on Communal Services and the Law on Public Enterprises, and on laws regulating the communal sector. Since this area is in transformation, proposals for new laws are discussed with strategies for restructuring public utility companies and with suggestions from experts on drafts of legislative solutions.Findings – The article points out major issues related to inefficiency of public utility companies, and the reasons why citizens are provid...


Tuberculous meningitis develops when granulomas formed by bacillus release their content in the subarachoid space, triggering an inflammatory activity. After beginning treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs, some patients may have a paradoxical reaction which has different clinical manifestations. Here we present a case of a severe acute encephalomyelitis. A 38-years-old female presented with refractory headache. CSF analysis of admission showed 235 cel/mm3 (85% lymphocytes) and glucose 5 mg/dl. Two days after beginning anti-tuberculosis treatment, she developed mental confusion, bradypsychism, paraparesis and bilateral Babinsk sing. Electroencephalogram showed a slow base rhythm and MRI demonstrate a pattern suggestive of myelitis. Endotracheal intubation was necessary due to decreased level of consciousness secondary to hydrocephalus. Despite external ventricular shunt and clinical measures, intracranial pressure remained high. After two weeks of treatment, patient died. The paradoxical reaction is not so rare and should not be confused with failure of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Journal of Tuberculosis


This paper studies the application of fuzzy clustering with viewpoints in order to cluster cell samples according to their gene expression profile. This method combines fuzzy clustering with external domain knowledge represented by the so-called viewpoints. The viewpoints that we employ are obtained from previously available expression data. The method was compared to the clustering algorithms of k-means, fuzzy c-means, affinity propagation, as well as a method of clustering microarray data that is based on prior biological knowledge, and has shown comparable/improved results over them.


Evangelium Cyrillicum Gothoburgense, ECG, a tetraevangel treasured in Goteborg University Library, has been studied from several aspects. A codicological study showed that the MS bears signs of earlier restoration and that some leaves are missing at the beginning and at the end. The watermark is a "boar", and the date of ECG is believed to be 1605-1625 on the basis of an identical watermark in another, Ukrainian, tetra, Hil, dated 1615. A palaeographical study of the script and ornament revealed some features characteristic of the 16th c., and others of the 17th c., generally reminiscent of a Moldavian hand.

The textological findings are the unusual order of the articles, resembling a few tetras from Serbia and Moldavia, different numbering of the pericopes, typical of Greek and early Slavonic MSS; and the long versions of the Prologues to the Gospels of St Mark and St John. The Menologion contains Serbian and Athonite saints, not found in East Slavonic MSS. The Gospel text in ECG, when compared with the Ostrog Bible of 1581, agreed largely with that of the fourth redaction, although not entirely. In a search of the sources of the textological differences, a collation between ECG and the other fourth redaction texts showed that LUB, an unpublished 16th c. East Slavonic tetra, is most in accord with ECG while Hil, contemporary with ECG, agrees most the Ostrog Bible. More agreement with ECG in the same readings was found in earlier tetras: a Bulgarian, Bani'ko tetraevagel, and a Serbian, Vukanovo lectionary.

The scribe's Church Slavonic has a Great Russian base and over it a layer of South Slavonic, mostly Middle Bulgarian, orthographical, morphological and phonological features. Traits differing from the Great Russian base have parallels in Ukrainian and also to a lesser extent in Belorussian and Western Great Russian manuscripts. The accentuation of ECG and Ostrog is identical in about three-quarters of cases; in the remainder, the pen-ultimate stress is the most characteristic feature of the ECG. Along with the penultimate stress there is a striving for a columnar stress pattern. This accent pattern conforms essentially to the dialectal accentuation in the West Boiko area of western Ukraine, thus supporting the scribe's information on his origins, namely, that he was from Rybotycze, not far from Boiko.

In conclusion, much is known about the scribe and his Church Slavonic, but his antegraph remains unknown although many of the features in ECG have been identified as Moldavian or Bulgarian or Serbian or Athonite. The fact that a contemporary tetra, Hil, is almost a copy of Ostrog and that another tetra, ECG, dissimilar to Ostrog, was copied at the same time in Rybotycze shows that different antegraphs were used. An interesting task for the future is the search of the ECG antegraph.


Insufficiency of interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) in the muscular plexus of colon has been proved in diabetic mice. Electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 can accelerate ICC supplement in the colon of diabetic mice, but the source of increased ICC has not been clearly explored. Bone marrow cells possess the potential of migration and differentiation into ICC of the intestine. Our aim is to explore the effects of EA on variations of bone marrow‐derived ICC in the colon of diabetic mice as well as its mechanism.


Material based on fiber-reinforced materials with at least partially present casing from at least one inner and at least one outer layer.


that they preferred the use of weather symbols because they were more accessible and easier to understand. This finding might explain why the terms from the written forecast were unfamiliar to them. Problems might also arise due to the fact that such terms were never learned, or because the task of employing academic knowledge when reading authentic texts in daily life is demanding (Anderson et al., 1996; Bransford et al., 2000). Sivle et al. (2014) found that the interviewees did not typically use academic knowledge or of the information given in a weather forecast can be limited, then decision-making can be improved. However, understanding technical language is an obstacle for many people (Wellington and Osborne, 2001). For example, some of the participants in two qualitative interview studies (Aamodt, 2013, 15 informants; Sivle et al., 2014, 21 informants) found the language used to describe weather difficult to understand because of the technical terminology included in the meteorologist's verbal forecast. Most of these non-experts reported Anders D. Sivle1 and Thomas Aamodt2 1Forecasting Department, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Bergen, Norway 2Samfundets skole Kristiansand, Norway


Introduction: Despite the introduction of many positive changes aimed at helping women who work in medicine to flourish, the number of women holding senior leadership roles are a minority across many specialities. Research from other professions has found that when women do reach senior positions they appear to be judged more harshly and are more likely to fall from their position of seniority, the 'glass cliff effect'.

Aim: To explore any engendered differences in participants' perceptions and their views on potential wrong decisions by senior medical transplant staff, using hypothetical clinical scenarios in an online survey.

Methodology: The study was a prospective web-based survey involving five clinical scenarios, with either a male or female protagonist (Set1 and Set2). Each scenario was followed by two questions regarding the clinical performance. Respondents were invited to comment on their reasoning. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. To ensure elimination of any inherent biases in responses the survey was advertised as a study exploring whether adequate actions are taken following adverse clinical incidents in transplantation. Participants were recruited by advertising through the websites of various professional bodies. Individuals were randomly assigned to either Set1 or Set2 questionnaires, with each Set receiving the same scenarios in the same order, differing only in whether a male or female protagonist was mentioned.

Results: 102 participants provided further explanation and comments on the clinical performance. Themes identified included: issues of informed consent and acceptable risk; clinical judgement; systems errors; consensus among clinical teams; training issues; mentoring; and judgements as to whether appropriate actions had been taken at the time. Participants' described male protagonists as "forceful individual"; "maverick who ignores his colleagues" or, "one who has "cautious colleagues". Meanwhile, female protagonists were described using slightly different, more nuanced characteristics like competency; mentoring; training needs; need for supportive senior colleagues; or as having 'saved the day'. However, when things went wrong, participants were more likely to opine that female protagonists should not have gone ahead. Risk was perceived by respondents to be a more male leadership trait.

Conclusions: The quantitative survey showed no significant differences between the sets but the thematic analysis of participants' comments provided evidence of a subtle and nuanced use of language; where those traits identified in male leadership being viewed and described differently to those applied to women leaders. While gender may no longer be such an issue as in the past, respondents' use of language and their choice of words display elements of an engendered description. These findings suggest that the 'glass cliff' effect may still be a problem in transplantation but has become subtle and therefore, may not be so easily identified in the workplace


Although the presence of social-support figures (e.g., close friends and family members) is known to increase feelings of safety, reduce threat responses, and improve health, the route by which these effects occur is not well understood. One explanation is that social-support figures are members of a powerful category of safety signals—prepared safety stimuli. Here, we review research demonstrating that social-support figures act as prepared safety stimuli and explore the impact that these unique safety stimuli have on fear-learning processes. According to recent work, the presence of social-support figures both reduces fear acquisition and enhances fear extinction, ultimately decreasing perceptions of threat. These findings shed light on the route by which social support buffers against threat and illustrate the unique properties of prepared safety stimuli and how they might be used to improve mental and physical health outcomes.


A severe shortage of IT professionals who can help implement EMR, CPOE, and other core clinical technologies could soon emerge across hospitals nationwide. CIOs could face staffing challenges both within their organizations, and with regard to the vendors and consulting firms they might engage to facilitate implementation. Keys to retaining staff include ensuring competitive pay scales, creating good career ladders, and getting one's team engaged and excited.


An awareness of the under-representation of women in top positions in the corporate world has prompted many corporations to review their policies and practices. If firms are to remain productive and competitive in an increasingly demanding global market place, they must recruit, retain, develop, and promote their most talented people, regardless of their sex. This is increasingly seen not only as the right or ethical thing to do, but also the smart thing to do. And in keeping with this realization, a small number of leading edge organizations are attempting to become more women-friendly. Having women in key positions is argued to be associated with long term company success and competitive advantage adding value through women's distinctive set of skills and creating cultures of inclusion through a diverse workforce. This chapter tries to evaluate the gender equality policies in selected Indian hotels and finds a mixed picture. The analysis suggests that majority of the hotels are not yet adopting pro- active policies to encourage the representation or empowerment of women in hotels. Female employees tend to be concentrated at entry or operational level and their presence is lower at senior positions. Based on the results study suggests the Indian Hotel industry to rework on HR policies to provide equal and equitable opportunities for female employees.


Background: Stroke is a neurological disorder that occurs suddenly and lasts more than 24 hours due to blood vessel disorders that can cause death of patients. Stroke can affect parts of the entire body such as paralysis, speech disorders, deficits of cognitive function, and other daily life disorders. Rupture of blood vessels in hemorrhagic stroke caused intracranial pressure in the brain is high so that it can cause herniation and death. To overcome the increase intracranial pressure that occurs then osmotic diuretic therapy is given, namely manitol. Based on some research stating that manitol is effective for reduce intracranial pressure.
Objective: A study to find out the pattern of manitol using in hemorrhagic stroke at general hospital of sidoarjo from 1 January – 30 June 2019.
Method: Non-experimentally with a descriptive design restrospective taking data on hemorrhagic stroke at general hospital of sidoarjo from 1 January – 30 June 2019.
Results and Conclusion: Pattern of using manitol administration 6 times a day with a dose (6x0,3g/KgBB) iv at 7 patients (44%) the use of manitol with tappering off. Long time pattern of using manitol is 6-9 day at 10 patients (63%).


An algorithm based on the fuzzy C-means(FCM) was introduced.but it was difficult to get the globally optimal solution by this algorithm.The genetic algorithm,which is good at searching the globally optimal solution,was adopted for clustering.And some improvement is made.Finally,this enhanced genetic algorithm is used on the clustering of IRIS data with 150 numbers of the swatch.Simulation result shows the improved genetic algorithm is efficient contrast with FCM.


The mean rates of energy injection and energy dissipation in steady regimes of turbulence are measured in two types of flow confined in closed cells. The first flow is generated by counterrotating stirrers and the second is a Couette-Taylor flow. In these two experiments the solid surfaces that set the fluid into motion are at first smooth, so that everywhere the velocity of the stirrers is locally parallel to its surface. In all such cases the mean rate of energy dissipation does not satisfy the scaling expected from Kolmogorov theory. When blades perpendicular to the motion are added to the stirring surfaces the Kolmogorov scaling is observed in all the large range of Reynolds numbers (10,Re,10) investigated. However, with either smooth or rough stirring the measurements of the pressure fluctuations exhibit no Reynolds number dependence. This demonstrates that, though the smooth stirrers are less efficient in setting the fluid into motion, their efficiency is independent of the Reynolds number so that the Kolmogorov scaling characterizes, in all cases, the dissipation in the bulk of the fluid. The difference in the global behaviors corresponds to a different balance between the role of the different regions of the flow. With smooth stirrers the dissipation in the bulk is weaker than the Reynoldsnumber-dependent dissipation in the boundary layers. With rough ~or inertial! stirrers the dissipation in the bulk dominates, hence the Kolmogorovian global behavior. @S1063-651X~97!11606-3#


We give a collection of results regarding path types, identity types and univalent universes in certain models of type theory based on presheaves.
The main result is that path types cannot be used directly as identity types in any Orton-Pitts style model of univalent type theory with propositional truncation in presheaf assemblies over the first and second Kleene algebras.
We also give a Brouwerian counterexample showing that there is no constructive proof that there is an Orton-Pitts model of type theory in presheaves when the universe is based on a standard construction due to Hofmann and Streicher, and path types are identity types. A similar proof shows that path types are not identity types in internal presheaves in realizability toposes as long as a certain universe can be extended to a univalent one.
We show that one of our key lemmas has a purely syntactic variant in intensional type theory and use it to make some minor but curious observations on the behaviour of cofibrations in syntactic categories.


The article presents the results of a comprehensive staff survey of the objects of storage and destruction of toxic chemicals. It was established that the structure of morbidity predominated respiratory diseases, cardiovascular system, nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. There are features of development and a current of some somatic diseases.


Recent years, with the continuous improvement of governing by law in our country, the concept of democracy and rule of law has win support among the people. "Protection of Human Rights" is written in the new "Criminal Procedure Code" (thereinafter referred to as CPC), it attract public's attention on inquisition by torture which is a great damage to society and causing framed-up and wrong cases easily. In this paper, the author based on the unjust cases exposure recently to analysis the existing torture phenomenon and characteristics in our country, and described its causes and hazards. The paper studied how to inhibit and reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon from aspects like system construction, the guaranteed rights of criminal suspects, defendants and witnesses, interrogation process, enhance the education and management of investigators, improving quality and other aspects, expected to increase the transparency of justice, achieving the punishment adapt to the criminal to ensure social equity.


Objective To observe microsurgical anatomy of anatomical landmarks concerning to suboccipital far lateral approach. Methods Totally 30 (60 sides) adult dried skulls, 10 (20 sides) adult cadaveric heads with connected neck fixed in 10% formalin, and another 15 (30 sides) adult cadaveric heads were collected. The important structures such as occipital condyle, hypoglossal canal were investigated on the dried skulls. The suboccipital segment of vertebral artery was dissected and measured on the cadaveric heads with connected neck according to the procedures of far lateral approach. The occipital condyle was drilled to the intracranial end of the hypoglossal canal from posterior lateral margin according to the procedures of far lateral approach under the surgical microscope (4-10). Then the drilled length was measured. Results ①The occipital condyle was located at lateral side of the foramen magnum, the intracranial end of the hypoglossal canal was located above the junction of the posterior and middle one-third of the occipital condyle. The structures of ventro-foramen magnum region were exposed preferably when the occipital condyle was drilled to the intracranial end of the hypoglossal canal. ②The former branch of C2 nerve all crossed from the back of the suboccipital segment of vertebral artery which was enclosed by either venous plexus or venous sinus and its length and curve were various significantly. ③Dural opened from front of the vertebral artery may avoid operation among the low cranial nerves and reduce the pull of brain stem. Conclusion Study of microanatomy in the far lateral approach is helpful of resecting tumors of the ventro-foramen magnum and the lower clival region and preserving important tissues.


are advancing rapidly as a result of notable progresses in all-optical technologies and emerging bandwidth greedy applications. Telecom operators are forced, in consequence, to adapt in the near future, their deployed optical fiber communication systems so as to cope with these challenging advances. Deploying "islands" wherein the optical signals benefit from the advantages of transparency may be more feasible than replacing totally the current conventional digital systems by alloptical technologies. In this paper the size of a metropolitan "transparent island" (the "island" is in the non transparent network "ocean") is assessed by computer simulations depending on the architecture of the all-optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) used. In effect, three architectures of OADM were on focus to compare between their performances after cascading several optical nodes. Optical signal quality represented by BER estimation is used as the metric that determines the size of a transparent island. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time an estimation of the size (hop number) of transparent islands is given depending on applied optical devices used and the target BER.


If making an analysis of Invaluable Jewel and Twelve Towers carefully from the angle of defining the characters,we may discover intuitively that the chuanqi's theatrical ostentation had been used in these two collections of short story consciously and they appeared on the basic situation of being reborn audaciously.They are Li Weng's basic narrative strategies for making people feel refreshing: On one hand,he had choiced the regular "sheng-dan" form in chuanqi skillfully to tell the love entanglements about the talented men and beautiful women like enemies and like lovers in the specific hypothesized space;On the other hand,Li Yu had described exceedingly strang human comedy by setting up an alternative relationship-"chou(jing)—dan(sheng)" or "jing—chou" form on purpose in order to achieve the target of comedy narration.


Based on the existent knowledge,it is proved that if X is an Hausdorff space Y,Y is paracompact in X,then Y is regular in X.The relative topological properties of subspace of regular,normal,compact,paracompact and sequential space are discussed.And some known results are generalized.


In the depths of many mature and old-growth forests in British Columbia, a specialized range of plant and animal life exists. Some of these species depend on the more stable climatic environment of the forested interior, while others require the snags and decaying woody debris often found there. Some of the animals require large unbroken tracts of such habitat to hunt and breed. However, the amount and quality of this habitat have gradually decreased as human settlement, roads, logging, and agriculture have fragmented the province's forested landscape. As forests are cut, edges are created. The environmental conditions produced along these edges may modify habitat values that are important to interior forest dwellers. Many landscape ecologists have voiced concern about this habitat disruption and about the potential loss of landscapelevel biodiversity that may ensue if interior habitat ecosystems and processes are not sustained. Preserving sufficient interior habitat is therefore important to protect these species and maintain biodiversity. The Forest Practices Code acknowledges the importance of landscape ecology concepts by enabling district managers to designate planning areas called "landscape units," each with specific landscape unit objectives. The Biodiversity Guidebook (B.C. Ministry of Forests and B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks ), a component of the Code, recommends procedures to maintain biodiversity at both landscape and stand levels. These procedures, which use principles of ecosystem management tempered by social considerations, recognize that the habitat needs of most interior forest organisms can be maintained if excessive edge habitat is avoided and if forested areas are of adequate size to preserve interior habitat conditions. This extension note is the sixth in a series designed to raise awareness of landscape ecology concepts and to provide background for the ecologically based forest management approach recommended in the Biodiversity Guidebook. The focus here is on the related topics of forest interior habitat and edge effects. We first define and differentiate between edge environments and forest interior habitats. Then we discuss several general ecological principles concerning edge environments and their effects on interior habitat and the plant and animal life that depends on it. We conclude by examining how excessive edge habitat might be prevented and Biodiversity and Interior Habitats: The Need to Minimize Edge Effects part  of 


Memorandum on revision of War Department instructions governing granting furloughs to soldiers of Japanese ancestry wishing to travel within the Western Defense Command area. States the Commanding General, Western Defense Command opposes any change while the Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations Division concurs with proposed changes. Enclosed is related earlier memorandum on subject from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of War.


Ten different graphite types, some with various forms of surface treatments, were irradiated with 40 keV Ar + ions to doses of ≈3 × 10^19 Ar/cm^2 in a graphite sample holder fitted with a slotted cover plate to provide direct examination of implanted and masked surfaces. Graphite erosion depths were measured by non-contact optical scanners. In addition, after implant, loosely bound particles where detached from the ion-exposed surfaces by adhesion to Scotch tape and imaged with optical and SEM tools. Modest correlations for lower ion erosion depths were noted with graphite with higher thermal conductivity and with the use of increased surface bonding treatments with graphite impregnation and other techniques. Graphical abstract SEM images for released particles collected on Scotch tape from ion-exposed graphite for untreated graphite (at 20k magnification, left) and VGI treated graphite (at 15k magnification, right). The graphite samples and adhesive tape were coated by evaporation of ≈40 nm Au-Pd metal films to suppress electron beam charging effects in the SEM beam.


Abstract Objective To evaluate the experiences of parenting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after the child has been discharged home from hospital. Design A study of the parents' experiences using face-to-face interviews and psychometric measures with parents whose child had survived stage surgery. Setting Parents were interviewed within the home environment or within the hospital if that was their choice. Subjects A total of 29 parents (16 mothers and 13 fathers) of surviving children. Intervention A semi-structured face-to-face interview plus psychometric tests (parent demographics, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Impact on Family Scale, and the Psychological Check List – Civilian). Measurements and main results The parents' experience in supporting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of stress, of commitment, and of love. Although parents experienced joy in their child, they were also subjected to anxiety with four parents test positive to post-traumatic stress disorder and hypervigilance while monitoring their child's condition. Parents lived with many difficulties, and demands.


The charge-transfer(CT) reaction between enoxacin as the electron donor and alizarin red as the electron acceptor has been studied by spectrophotometric method.The results indicated that in water solution enoxacin can form charge transfer complex with alizarin red,the composition ratio was 1∶2,λmax was at 524 nm,the apparent molar absorptivity of the complex was 6.96×103 L·mol-1·cm-1,the absorbance was linearly related to the concentration of enoxacin in the range of 0~20 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.4 mg/L,the relative standard deviation was 0.25%(n=11).The proposed method has been applied to the determination of enoxacin in tablets and capsules with satisfactory results.The recoveries of enoxacin were 99.4%~100.5%.


Key fact: As the food price crisis became global news during 2007-8, IFPRI was able to respond quickly and effectively by producing 30 publications based on its extensive research findings. The Institute's analysis of trends, provision of data, and policy recommendations led to seven of IFPRI's eight recommended urgent actions appearing in the United Nations' Comprehensive Framework for Action on food security.


Beams in Bending. Beam Elements. Beam Systems. Finite Elements for Cross-Sectional Analysis. Saint-Venant Torsion. Beams Under Transverse Shear Loads. Restrained Warping of Beams. Analysis of Stress. Rational B-Spline Curves. Shape Optimization of Thin-Walled Sections. Appendix A: Using the Computer Programs. Appendix B: Numerical Examples.


The embodiment of the invention provides a configuration method of time-delay access, a time-delay access method, and relevant equipment. Therefore, time-delay time can be determined strictly and thus an access successful rate (ASR) of a terminal can be improved. The method comprises the following steps that: network side equipment obtains a time-delay value that is needed for access of a terminal to a GSM network according to the number of terminals that simultaneously initiate access to the GSM network, the number of a common control channel (CCCH) and a correction parameter; and the network side equipment sends a time value that is not less than the time-delay value to the terminal, so that the terminal can sends a channel request (CR) with time delay, wherein the value of the time delay is not greater than the time value. Compared with the prior art, the technology employed in the invention enables a terminal to send a CR in a reasonable delay time range; therefore, it can be avoided that a terminal blindly sends the CR and it can also be avoided that the terminal spends time in meaningless waiting that is beyond the reasonable delay time; meanwhile, probability of an occurrence of access collision can be reduced and an ASR is improved.


Objective:To explore the situation of test of HCV- RNA and ALT among the MMT patients with hepatitis C,and then to understand the replication of hepatitis C virus,the degree of infection and the proportion of patients who need treatment.Methods: Fifty- three cases were collected and analyzed by HCV- RNA quantitative and ALT tests.Results:77. 36% and 73. 58% of the cases were thought as abnormal by HCV- RNA quantitative test and ALT test,respectively. There are 87. 80%(36/41)of the patients with abnormal HCV- RNA quantitative suffered from abnormal ALT,and only25. 00%(3 /12)of the patients with normal HCV- RNA quantitative suffered from abnormal ALT( χ2=18. 838,P 0. 01).Conclusion:The replication of hepatitis C virus is active among the MMT patients, and the degree of infection is high,so many patients need relative treatment. The situation increased the risk of transmission of hepatitis C and social burden,suggesting a necessity for improvement of the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus among MMT.


Transparent thin films of the title compounds are prepared by a sol—gel method using Bi(NO3)3 and WO3 or (NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2, or Sr(OAc)2, Ba(OAc)2, and NH4NbO(C2O4)2 as starting materials and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or EDTA as complexing agent.


Kohn-Sham density functional theory is one of the most widely used electronic structure theories. The recently developed adaptive local basis functions form an accurate and systematically improvable basis set for solving Kohn-Sham density functional theory using discontinuous Galerkin methods, requiring a small number of basis functions per atom. In this paper we develop residual-based a posteriori error estimates for the adaptive local basis approach, which can be used to guide non-uniform basis refinement for highly inhomogeneous systems such as surfaces and large molecules. The adaptive local basis functions are non-polynomial basis functions, and standard a posteriori error estimates for $hp$-refinement using polynomial basis functions do not directly apply. We generalize the error estimates for $hp$-refinement to non-polynomial basis functions. We demonstrate the practical use of the a posteriori error estimator in performing three-dimensional Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations for quasi-2D aluminum surfaces and a single-layer graphene oxide system in water.


Intraosseous vascular access has long been standard care when rapid peripheral intravenous access cannot be achieved in a critically ill or injured


The change of chemical states of niobium with oxide growth was examined in the oxide layers of Zr–2.5Nb around the first kinetic transition by the conversion electron yield – X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements. The detailed depth profiles of niobium chemical states were obtained in both the pre- and the post-transition oxide layers of Zr–2.5Nb formed in water at 663 K for 40–280 d. The depth profiling revealed that the inner oxide layer remained protective to oxidizing species even though in the post-transition region and this excellent stability of barrierness would be attributed the suppression of hydrogen pickup.


We use covariant density functional theory beyond mean field in order to describe neutrinoless double-beta decay in a fully relativistic way. The dynamic effects of particle-number and angular-momentum conservations as well as shape fluctuations of quadrupole character are taken into account within the generator coordinate method for both initial and final nuclei. The calculations are based on the full relativistic transition operator. The nuclear matrix elements (NME's) for a large number of possible transitions are investigated. The results are compared with various non-relativistic calculations, in particular also with the density functional theory based on the Gogny force. We find that the non-relativistic approximation is justified and that the total NME's can be well approximated by the pure axial-vector coupling term. This corresponds to a considerable reduction of the computational effort.


The word "Phoogle" is an artificial word that was created for this paper and stands for Photogrammetry and Google. In this paper it is shown how these two different things a measurement technology and an internet search machine are connected and how this connection will open new business models.