Aim:  Catheter‐related infection is a major cause of catheter loss in peritoneal dialysis (PD). We evaluated the effect of catheter revision on the treatment of intractable exit site infection (ESI)/tunnel infection (TI) in PD patients who required catheter removal.


OBJECTIVE
After massive bowel resection, absorption depends on how fast the mucosal adaptation takes place. This work aims at assessing the trophic effect of growth hormone (GH) and its analogue, the plerocercoid growth factor (PGF), on the intestinal mucosa after 90% small bowel resection.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6: Control (laparotomy), 90% small bowel resection (RID), resection and treatment with GH during 14 days (RID + GH) and resection and PGF treatment (RID + PGF). Intestinal mucosal adaptation was assessed by measuring mucosal weight and height, and evaluating the regenerative activity by measuring proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labelling index.

RESULTS
Bowel resection itself caused a significant increment of jejunal and ileal mucosal height in comparison with the control group. GH and PGF did not change this increase. Jejunal and ileal proliferation indexes were significantly higher than those in controls and they were significantly higher in both RID + GH and RID + PGF groups.

CONCLUSIONS
GH and PGF cause a proliferative effect on the intestinal mucosa, even in hyperproliferative states such as the small bowel resection. This finding might have a clinic application.


The present invention is substantially in a non-contact coating method for the continuous coating and about the product. The present invention also relates to a non-contact slot coating method and laminated to a variety of coatings. The present invention relates to a coating method by the thermoplastic composition, such as to reduce streaking in particular, film, foil, and the substrate comprising a paper. The invention also relates to thermoplastic compositions useful in the present non-contact coating method. Coating, lamination, substrate, allowed to warm-melt adhesive


The relationship between best execution and market transparency deserves careful consideration in an analysis of MiFID. Best execution has mainly been studied with respect to equity trading, which is generally exchange based and widely regulated also with respect to market transparency. In this chapter, however, I focus on bond trading, which takes place predominantly over-the-counter (OTC) and is not subject to MiFID's transparency provisions. After introducing the topic (part I), I offer a critical view of the transparency requirements applicable to equity trades and their formation (part II). I then examine the recent policy discussion on non-equities market transparency, as reflected in the Report issued by the European Commission under Article 65 (1) of the MiFID, examining whether the requirements for pre-trade and post-trade information should be extended to non-equities markets (part III). I finally consider the role of best execution in bond markets, focussing on the impact of transparency on order execution for retail investors (part IV). In part V, I draw some conclusions.


In this paper, a simulation-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is developed to optimize the operational parameters of a 15.12 GHz single pole double throw (SPDT) switch. The Agilent Advance Design System (ADS) is used to synthesize the performance of the switch design while PSO is employed as the optimizer for achieving the required switch performance. The performance of the designed SPDT switch is assessed in terms of insertion loss and isolation. Simulation results show that the proposed component values of SPDT switch is manage to fulfill the required specifications, achieving 25.978dB of isolation loss and 3.077dB of insertion loss.


The paper adopts the idea of modularization design,taking full use of the power of the Labwindous/cvi.A set of virtual instruments measurement system has been designed which is used in date acquisition and control of hydro power plants model test during the transition state.This system is flexible and opening which can meet the need of multi-measurement and analyzing the data of model tests.


A procedure has been developed to investigate the nonlinear response of composite plates under large strain and high strain rate loading. A recently developed strain dependent micromechanics model is extended to account for the shear effects during impact. Four different assumptions of shear deformation effects are investigated to improve the development strain rate dependent micromechanics model. A method to determine through the thickness strain and transverse Poisson's ratio is developed. The revised micromechanics model is implemented into higher order laminate theory. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate transverse shear effects during impact.


Parallel processing technology is aimed to improve the efficiency of magnetotelluric computation.Based on the theory of 1-D magnetotelluric generalized linear inversion,this paper explores the parallelization of serial program stressing master-slave parallel and sub-frequency parallel modes.On the platform of Linux,efforts are made to design the program with Fortran and mpich2 computer languages.A careful test of the parallel program using theoretical models,field data,and the comparison to the serial algorithm demonstrates the feasibility and correctness,providing the fundamental theory of the parallel computation of 2-D and 3-D inversion.


Purpose: The Wellhofer® MatriXX is a two‐dimensional ion chamber array designed for IMRTdose verifications. Its dosimetric properties have beencharacterized for megavoltage beams in a number of studies; however, dose verifications for the MatriXX are discrete estimations for the number of ion chambers of the MattiXX. Therefore, there is still a lack of an investigation into its performance in dose verifications for IMRT. In this work, to compare traditional IMRTdose verifications using film dosimetry, we have carried out a systematic study using Mutual Information (MI) on this issue. Methods: Dose distributions from several 6X and 10X IMRT treatment plans for pelvis and head and neck radiotherapy patients were measured using radiographic film, the MatriXX array. In each case the dose distributions predicted by the treatment planning system was compared to the measured dose distribution using Mutual Information(MI). The standard information of MI is dose distributions from treatment plans. MI of dose distributions from treatment plans is normalized itself. Results: The MI comparison with dose distributions from film for plans of pelvis and head and neck were, on the average, within 2%, 3%, respectively. The one of reasons can be given for this lack of high dose information. but, their dose information are almost same. At the same time, the MI comparison with dose distributions from the MattiXX for plans of pelvis and head and neck were, on the average, within 5%, 6%, respectively. The MI was large than MI of film. The reason is that the MattiXX is low the number of dose verification points. There difference is small, therefore, the MattiXX has ability for enough dose verification. Conclusions: Nevertheless, the MatriXX are discrete estimations, this work indicates the MattiXX has ability for IMRTdose verification.


A general supervision system is developed for the whole process of food traceability based on Atom technology in this paper. The design methods of different hardware units are described based on X86 IA (Intel architecture) and modulated function. A software design method was proposed for pressure data process of touch screen. In addition, take fruits and vegetables traceability system supplied to Hong Kong of Shenzhen ports for experimental platform, a concrete application is introduced. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the developed system.


Submitted for the DFD05 Meeting of The American Physical Society Linear forcing in numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence1 CARLOS ROSALES, CHARLES MENEVEAU, Johns Hopkins University — Simulations of forced isotropic turbulence are most often formulated in Fourier space, where forcing is applied to low-wavenumber modes. That forcing is difficult to implement for applications in physical space. A linear forcing recently proposed by Lundgren, where a force proportional to velocity is applied, is an attractive alternative but not much is known about its properties. Using numerical experimentation, various properties of the linear forcing are explored. It is shown that when implemented in physical space linear forcing gives the same results as in spectral implementations and that the linearly-forced system converges to a stationary state that depends on domain size and Reynolds number, but not on the spectral shape of the initial condition. It is also shown that the extent of Kolmogorov -5/3 range is similar to that achieved using the standard band-limited forcing scheme but the integral length scale is smaller, reducing the effective scaling range for a given resolution. It is concluded that linear forcing is a useful alternative that does not require transformation to Fourier space and is easily integrated into physical-space numerical codes. 1Research supported by MECESUP Program FSM0104 and NSF (CTS-0120317) Charles Meneveau Johns Hopkins University Date submitted: 09 Aug 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of dust particle collection efficiency in a force feed venturi scrubber has been performed using ANSYS CFX. A Venturi scrubber provides an effective way to remove dust particles flowing in a contaminated gas which are captured in fine droplets formed due to disintegration of a liquid as a result of high kinetic energy of air. Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used to analyze the dust particle collection in a venturi scrubber for gas (air) flow rate at 1 g/s and liquid flow rate of 6 g/s with 2, 4, 6 and 8 orifices placed at the start of throat, end of throat and on the converging section. Cascade atomization and breakup model (CAB) is used for the prediction of liquid breakup in the venturi scrubber. Dust particles (TiO2) having diameter of 1 μm are used in this research. Velocity of gas at the throat, droplet size, volume fractions and collection efficiency are studied to analyze the working of venturi scrubber.


Resolvers are absolute angle measurement and are mounted on the motor shaft to get the motor's absolute angular position. This study proposes a digital signal processor (DSP) based resolver-to-digital (R/D) conversion using pulse excitation. A pulse signal generated by a DSP is utilized as a reference signal coupled into the resolver's rotor winding and provides primary excitation. The output signals of the resolver are two orthogonal stator coils modulated with the sine and cosine of the motor shaft angle. The sine and cosine modulated output signals are sampled by the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter of the DSP. The sampled frequency of output signals are the same frequency as the pulse signal. The angular position is derived by the inverse tangent of the quotient of the demodulated sine and cosine samples. Test results are presented to validate the performances of the proposed scheme.


Aquatic tadpoles morphologically respond to presence of predators in various ways. Depending on the type of predator, tadpoles develop enhanced escape response abilities in accel- eration, maneuverability, and speed, and these are correlated to suites of morphological characters, such as wider, longer, and robust tail related dimensions. Laying eggs away from water, such as in an arboreal foam nest from which partially developed tadpoles fall into water, could be an adapta- tion for predator avoidance of eggs and early tadpole stages. Since predation is of concern, even for these partially developed larvae, we sought to detect predator-induced morphological response (if any) of these forms compared to fully aquatic tadpoles. We exposed the tadpoles of foam-nesting Polypedates cruciger to a natural fish predator, Belontia signata. We show that at an early (Gosner stage 29-32) stage, tadpoles exposed to this predator develop a larger body size and increased tail- length related dimensions.


A lords, there. it begins there, near the rock cleft, and extends north by the length of nine spear casts. it is a low mound but long and fashioned that way by order of the tyrants. it was not always thus. in the beginning, by royal command, no mound was built. Urns returning stood in the open, outside Argos's walls, beyond the city's sight. But after my lord Agamemnon's death, when unwholesome dreams began to torture the tyrant's sleep, her skirted consort, Aegisthus, ordered the mound, and it was made, heaping cold winter soil over the army's vast remains. then, and only then, the libation-bearers came, slaves of the court, driven hence to pour dregs of royal wine over the wandering spirits of the night. there were mutterings then and much unrest, but in the wake of the boy-king's return and the tyrannicide, the curse was lifted, the city cleansed, and the mound grew green. you see it now as it then became, so many decades past. May i offer you olives, my lords, and barley cakes fresh from my granddaughter's hands? it is poor fare, i know, but well meant, and the wine in this jug is newly drawn.


This study of 19 principals newly assigned to low-performing elementary and middle schools focused on the conditions that they perceived to contribute to inadequate student achievement. The conditions were organized into five clusters: (a) student achievement and behavior, (b) school programs and organization, (c) staffing, (d) school system concerns, and (e) parents and community. The conditions were analyzed to determine whether the principals, despite being assigned to highpoverty and low-performing schools, believed they faced sufficiently different conditions to justify some form of differentiated school leadership. The conclusion looks at the implications of the findings for the preparation of school principals. Introduction In this era of far-reaching educational accountability initiatives such as the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act, it has become fashionable to speak in broad generalities about high-poverty, low-performing schools. The implication, whether intended or not, is that the challenges confronting educators in these schools are roughly the same, regardless of the school's location, size, make-up, or level. It is easy to understand why policy makers, politicians, and pundits might be tempted to paint high-poverty, low-performing schools with broad brushstrokes. Simplicity invariably trumps complexity when the public's attention is at stake. The assumption is that complicated descriptions of variable conditions are difficult for a pre-occupied citizenry to grasp. Gaining resources and support for generic prescriptions to address generic problems is far easier and more straightforward than trying to differentiate responses to troubling situations based on nuanced assessments of localized needs. Such thinking can even be seen in how those charged with preparing educational administrators approach their task. Principal preparation programs, for the most part, train individuals to lead schools in general, not specific schools facing particular problems. An exception to the generic principal preparation program is the Virginia School Turnaround Specialist Program (VSTSP), the brainchild of former Virginia Governor Mark Warner. Warner's background in private industry convinced him that the challenge of turning around low-performing organizations, be they for-profit businesses or public schools, required a special set of skills, above and beyond what organizational leaders typically possess. The creation of the VSTSP required extensive collaboration between the


In 2018, the Government of Hungary decided to purchase 36 light and medium helicopters. These Helicopters represent the most advanced technology of our time, with the most advanced avionics, reconnaissance and weapon systems. There are several conditions for receiving and integrating the helicopters in service. The doctrinal background associated with the new types, operational applicability, tactical procedures and infrastructure conditions are essential to get started. My article was designed to highlight the questions on most important areas of service integration.


Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE) is a family of transporters of critical importance to the regulation of intracellular pH values, which act by removing protons in exchange for concomitant Na+ influx. There are at least eight isoforms in the NHE family that have thus far been cloned, which have been given the designation NHE-1 to NHE-8. NHE-1 is the so-called housekeeping isoform found in most tissues and is the major isoform in the cardiac cell. There is now very compelling evidence that its activation contributes to paradoxical induction of cell injury and NHE-1-selective inhibitors have been extensively demonstrated to possess excellent cardioprotective properties which appear to be superior to other strategies. Recent evidence also suggests that NHE inhibition may be conducive to attenuating the remodelling process after myocardial infarction, independently of infarct size reduction and attenuation of subsequent postinfarction heart failure. As such, inhibitors of NHE-1 offer substantial promise for clinical development for protecting the myocardium against acute injury as well as chronic postinfarction responses resulting in the evolution to heart failure. An evaluation of patent disclosures reveals a variety of NHE-1-specific inhibitors under development. Generally, these agents are guanidine compounds demonstrating relatively equal efficacy in terms of cardiac protection, although they differ substantially in terms of potency and selectivity towards NHE-1 versus other NHE isoforms. A large number of beneficial properties has been claimed for these compounds that could benefit conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, shock, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure and others. However, based on experimental data, it is most likely that protection of the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium such as during coronary artery surgery, as well as limiting myocardial remodelling and heart failure, will emerge as the two primary targets for NHE-1 inhibitors in cardiovascular therapeutics.


NKT cells with an invariant TCR (iNKT cells) represent a unique subset of T lymphocytes sharing properties of both natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. iNKT cells regulate immune responses by rapidly secreting large amount of cytokines. Their development and maturation is dependent on self-Ags presented by CD1d, a MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecule. It is widely believed that these self-Ags are glycosphingolipids. Here, we used LY-B, a sphingolipid-deficient cell line, to study the nature of the endogenous lipid Ags that stimulate iNKT cells. With only 10% glycosphingolipid level of wild type cells, and these predominantly ganglioside GM3, mouse CD1d transfectants of LY-B still showed comparable ability to stimulate iNKT cell hybridomas. The self-Ag presentation was CD1d-dependent, because a specific antibody against mouse CD1d could block it. The finding was further confirmed by a cell-free Ag presentation assay. Surprisingly, alkaline digestion, which specifically hydrolyzes acyl fatty acids from phospholipids, dramatically reduced the antigenic activity of a cell sonicate while αGalCer was not affected. Sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase, which specifically frees acyl fatty acids from sphingolipids, eliminated the activity of αGalCer without any effect on the activity in the cell sonicate. These data show that the endogenous Ags stimulating iNKT cells need not be glycosphingolipids.


AIM To study the effect of different exposure time in the ultrasonic standing wave field (USWF) on the process of erythrocyte sedimentation. METHODS Erythrocyte sedimentation of 14 blood samples, which were continously or interruptedly exposed with the given USWF ( 1.76 MHz, 1.05 W·cm -2 ) for different time between 0 and 200 s, was investigated. RESULTS Ability of accelerating the sedimentation with USWF was related with the acoustic radiation time, and there existed a minimum threshold time T H and a saturation time T S; i.e., the USWF could accelerate the sedimentation only between the T H and T S. Moreover, we also found that the interrupted ultrasound could not cause an accumulative effect. CONCLUSION Extent of the effect of standing wave field on the sedimentation process is dependent on the exposure time.


The fiords of southwestern New Zealand may promote the existence of genetically divergent populations as a result of geological and ecological isolation. The ophiuroid Astrobrachion constrictum lives on black coral in these fiords, and is thought to have a relatively short pelagic larval duration that may limit dispersal among populations. Samples of A. constrictum were collected from seven sites (four fiords) in Fiordland. Analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene using single-stranded conformational polymorphism revealed eight haplotypes, representatives of which were sequenced. These included nine variable sites, none of which were phylogenetically informative. G-test and AMOVA revealed little structuring of samples within or among fiords, but there was evidence for reduced gene flow among the most geographically separated fiords. We conclude that fiords do not house relict populations from earlier glaciations, and that little differential sorting of haplotypes has occurred in the last 10,000 years.


This new edition of the famous textbook first published in 1947 includes all the most important data that have accumulated in the rapidly advancing field of congenital heart disease since that time. Medical students and pediatricians as well as cardiologists will be grateful for the lucid, meticulous treatment of a difficult subject which Dr. Taussig has made readily understandable.
 Because of expansion of the chapters on the individual malformations and the addition of many new sections, such as those on pulmonary hypertension, aortic septal defect, Taussig-Bing anomaly and endocardial fibroelastosis, the text has doubled in length and is now divided into two volumes.
 Volume I covers embryology, methods of diagnosis, special diagnostic procedures, cyanosis and medical care.


We have studied and comparde direct quantitative determination of phenol,m-,p-dihydroxybenzene by UV spectroscopy with the help of LSSVM and BPNN.The mean relative error of prediction results of synthetic samples for LSSVM and BPNN:LSSVM is 2.75%,2.43%,1.45%,BPNN is 2.97%,3.35%,4.72%;the maximal absolute relative error of LSSVM is only 5.73%,BPNN is 16.10%.The results show that LSSVM model is much better than BPNN in accuracy.


The Organic Law of Higher Education in the Articles 103 and 104 establish that students in the last cycles of majors or programs, are required to perform an assessment of generic and specific skills evaluated by the CEAACES, in order to issue the respective permission to practice the profession and evaluate the career, for this purpose the research project was designed with the aim of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (EVA) on generic skills to support the assessment process of students at the end of their career developed at the of the Science Education, Human and Technologies Faculty. The PACIE methodology for designing the virtual learning environment was used in the project and constructivist theory was applied so that students build their knowledge regarding generic skills through enrichment activities and objective assessments; various tools for construction are used: Textanim, Audacity, Adobe Acrobat Reader software, among others, for editing multimedia content. Using the techniques and instruments such as observation with a checklist to assess the attitudinal aspect of students, the performance analysis with a rubric possible to establish the level of skills, the survey with a questionnaire it possible to measure the degree of feasibility, reliability, tutoring for autonomous preparation in the virtual learning environment and online test that allowed evidence collect and learning about different themes addressed. The themes contained in the EVA are: synonyms, antonyms, verbal analogies, excluding term, math fractions, percentages, equations, graphs, sequences, graphic analogies, graphic matrices, jointly is presented: tasks, activities, assessments proposed in the environment; and trainings reaffirm the enabled knowledge, skills and abilities in students. It is recommended to expand the space, time and encourage students to use the resources of the virtual learning environment and develop activities to achieve a consolidation set in generic skills.


Based on semistructured interviews (N = 7), informal interviewing (N = 63), and a survey (N = 790), this article describes the cultural models used by mid-Atlantic residents to understand Pfiesteria piscicida. A cultural model is a simplified way of understanding a complex system, shared by members of a culture. Eighty-eight percent of respondents understood Pfiesteria using one of four previously existing cultural models: a disease in fish, a parasite in fish, a water pollutant, and a toxin or poison. These models are not used by marine biologists, who are more likely to refer to Pfiesteria taxonomically or, in its fish killing form, to call it a predator. Our survey shows that the cultural model a respondent holds is correlated significantly with his or her believed pathway of human harm (e.g., eating fish versus swimming) and is correlated significantly but weakly with his or her behavioral responses. We conclude that existing cultural models, as the public has applied them to Pfiesteria, have led people to avoid a range of coastal activities and seafoods, in virtually all cases unnecessarily. Cultural models appear to explain public reaction better than previously hypothesized factors such as inaccurate media coverage. These findings suggest an approach to developing a pedagogical and communications strategy which could provide the public with a cultural model better matched to Pfiesteria.


This case note analyses and comments on the Belgian Competition Authority's approval of Telenet's acquisition of sole control over De Vijver Media. The decision, rendered in May 2019, allowed Telenet to acquire sole control over De Vijver Media but imposed several remedies on Telenet. The acquisition combined a cable operator and a TV broadcaster and was therefore a vertical merger. It is part of a broader wave of vertical integration between content providers and TV distributors, often said to be a response to the threat of vertically integrated entities like Netflix and Amazon. The decision offers an interesting example of how the vertical effects of media mergers are assessed. It also analyses the role that data, platforms and algorithms play in the distribution of TV content and articulates several theories of harm on that basis.


The first touch technology device was developed by Samuel C. Hurst in 1971, the Elograph. In today's life it's common to use touch technology. We are capable to do almost everything the mouse does ...


(a) using the Instrument to develop parallel information-eliciting questions in two languages, arranged in an ascending order of conceptual difficulty; (b) administering the questions to a sample of bilingual children entering school, in order to determine if they can grasp each question, decode the information elicited, and structure appropriate verbal responses; and (c) determining the extent to which the children can use their two languages to verbalise baseline concepts. a consequent backlash on teaching styles. involved sampling the syllabus are outlined. There is a need to objectify monitoring and re-structure the organisations This paper examines traditional simplification techniques for the preparation of language-teaching materials, especially graded readers. The two principal forms of simplification, linguistic and content simplification, are described. The paper argues that these processes produce material which differs significantly from normal English in the areas of information distribution (the way in which information is distributed in a text), syntax, and communicative structure (the way in which information is organised in a text for particular communicative purposes). It is agued that such material may lead students to develop reading strategies that are inappropriate for unsimplified English. The paper makes some suggestions for improving simplification methodology. It concludes, however, by suggesting that what is needed, at least for intermediate and advanced learners, is an alternative approach which will both encourage them to tackle unsimplified material sooner and give them help in doing so. Practical suggestions are given for such an approach. described. Research, surveys and the writers' own teaching experience suggested that the focus should be on the needs of the students, i.e. mainly on listening comprehension, note-taking and academic writing. The ten units for the first two of these areas are concerned with aspects of study skills and the problems students are likely to encounter. [Overall design of each unit; description and discussion of exercises.] The various design problems are discussed. A notional approach to academic writing (minimum communicative adequacy) was taken [examples; difficulties]. This article points out non-standard productive morphological processes and current phonological developments in Asturias. It is a contribution to a larger teaching aid, which gives details of current language use among children, and aims to help teachers foster in children an increased active use of passive vocabulary.


Based on a holistic case studies analysis of 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different European Member States (Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden), the study identifies the key factors enabling to develop high quality, efficient and low-carbon DHC systems, discusses how these key success factors can be replicated in the EU and provides a better view on the role and features of these systems, which can provide an evolutive backbone to balanced energy transitions. Finally, it suggests some potential policy guidelines to support their deployment. Efficient district heating and cooling systems in the EU December 2016 3 Table of


any deltas show several orders of branching resulting in a M . w ~ d e range of sizes and shapes of distributary channels. There is thus no such thing as "a distributary channel" in many deltas. At the largest scale, trunk rivers become distributive at the point where the river becomes unconfined (nodal avulsion). Intermediate-scale delta plain channels tend to be few in number, may be separated by wide interfluves, and may be exceedingly difficult to distinguish from fluvial channels. The smallest scale "terminal distributaries" lie in the delta front. Because discharge decreases downstream, terminal distributary channels tend to be narrow and shallow, rather than wide and deep.


The "Survey of HI in Extremely Low-mass Dwarfs" (SHIELD) is a multiwavelength study of local volume low-mass galaxies drawn from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) catalog. HST/Spitzer joint program GO-12658 revealed the stellar populations of the first 12 SHIELD galaxies (Cannon et al. 2011), allowing accurate distance measurements (McQuinn et al. 2014) and detailed studies of the patterns of recent star formation in each galaxy (McQuinn et al. 2015). These HST and Spitzer images are a critical interpretive benchmark for ground-based optical imaging and spectroscopy (Haurberg et al. 2015), as well as for sensitive VLA HI spectral line imaging of the SHIELD galaxies (McNichols et al. 2016; Teich et al. 2016). These results have furthered our understanding of the evolution of galaxies in a mass regime that was previously only sparsely populated. With the low-redshift ALFALFA catalog now complete, the scope of the SHIELD program has been expanded to include all 82 galaxies that meet distance, line width, and HI flux criteria for being gas-rich, low-mass galaxies. In HST program 13750, images of 18 more SHIELD galaxies have again set the physical scales for supporting HI spectral line imaging with both the VLA and the WSRT (Gordon et al. 2016). Taken as a whole, the ongoing SHIELD program is one of the most comprehensive multiwavelength studies of the physical properties of low-mass galaxies outside of the Local Group.


Mobile apps are everywhere. The release of apps on a worldwide scale requires them to be made available in many languages, including bidirectional languages. Developers and translators are usually different persons. While automatic testing by itself is important in general in order to be able to develop high quality software, such automatic tests become absolutely essential when developers that do not possess enough knowledge about right-to-left languages need to maintain code that is written for bidirectional languages. A few bidirectional localization tests of mobile applications exist. However, their functionality is limited since they only cover translations and adoption of locales. In this paper we present our approach for automating the bidirectional localization testing for Android applications with a complete consideration for BiDi-languages issues. The objective is to check for any localization defects in the product. The proposed methods are used to test issues of bidirectional apps in general and specifically for the Arabic language. The results show that the methods are able to effectively reveal deficiencies in the app's design, ensure that the localized app matches all expectations of local users, and guarantee that the product is culturally congruent to local conventions.


A recent survey (Evans, 1979) of biological wastewater treatment facilities conclusively demonstrated that improved process control and process monitoring commitments were needed to upgrade plant performance. The concept of maintaining a constant biomass growth rate for the activated-sludge process was introduced as early as 1958 (Garrett, 1958) through the control of solids retention time (SRT). Following the early application, the theory of using SRT for plant design and operation was further developed (Jenkins and Garrison, I ~68; Lawrence and lvlc~arty, 197(?). Because of steady-state assumptions, SRT is a slow-acting strategy and control is only applicable to changes on a time scale of days or longer. More advanced operating strategies are needed to dampen transient process inputs imposed by shock loads and the normal diurnal load variation. At the


Where women head divisions or panels, there is a greater likelihood of other women being selected for program contributions. This year (and last) we had a male and a female cochairing the Program Committee. In 1997, 19 of the 51 division persons were women (37.3%) (cf. 1995: 38.8%; 1996: 30.6%). The divisions they headed had women as 35.4% (86 of 243) of the chairpersons, 32.1% (362 of 1127) of the papergivers, and 31.4% (86 of 274) of the discussants (cf. 1995 = 30.7%, 34.2%, 31.0%; 1996: 26.1%, 35.1%, 29.8%). The convention divisions led by women had 60.1% of the convention's female panel chairs, 54.0% of the papergivers, and 53.4% of its discussants (cf. 1995: 44.0%, 48.0%, 42.0%; 1996: 40.4%, 48.1%, 50.7%). Women-chaired panels had 37.7% female paper givers and 43.0% female discussants (cf. 1995: 41.0, 42.5%; 1996: 38.7%, 33.9%). These constituted 38.0% of the women giving papers at the 1997 convention and 40.4% of the women serving as discussants (cf. 1995: 49.8%, 43.3%; 1996: 30.9%, 30.3%). The divisions with the strongest female representation were those on Normative Political Theory*, Foundations of Political Theory*, Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations*, Women and Politics*, Politics of Communist and Former Communist Countries, Ecological and Transformational Politics, Political Psychology*, and Race, Ethnicity and Politics*. (* = headed by women) The divisions with the weakest female representation in 1997 were those on New Institutions for a New Century*, Political Thought and Philosophy: Historical Approaches, Formal Political Theory. Elections and Voting Behavior*, International Security, International Security and Arms Control*, International Political Economy*, Representation and Electoral Systems, Conflict Processes, Religion and Politics, Computers and Multimedia, and Teaching and Learning Political Science. Among the predominantly female panels were those on Bringing the Emotions Back In, Theoretical Disputes, Feminist Analyses*, Military Productions*, Women and Legislative Representation*, Women's Attitudes and Attitudes Toward Women*, Reframing Perspectives on Abortion, Politics and Law*, Gendered Voting Behavior in the 1996 Elections*, Women and Politics After Institutions Fall: Postcommunism*, Women and Institution Building: Moving Toward Democracy?*, Girls! Girls! Girls! Russian Women's Movement Organizing in the 1990s*, Gender Gap and the 1996 Elections*; Women as Action, Congress as Institution*, The Concept of Gender: Research Implications for Political Science*, Women's Empowerment Through Gendered Institutions: Cross-Level Comparisons and Contrasts from the Developing World*, Roundtable on Restructuring Foreign Policy Organizations for a New Century: Unplugging the Cold War Machine*, and Crafting New Institutions: Women and Politics in the Next Century*. and Gays in the Profession, to include self-identification of sexual orientation and approved a second proposal of the Ethics Committee, involving changes in the Ethics guidelines to clarify the procedures of the Ethics Committee. • Authorized Kent Jennings to create an ad hoc task force to review APSA's First Year Minority Ph.D. Fellowship and other minority programs. • Endorsed the guidelines proposed by the Committee on Organized Sections regarding independent statements or actions by Organized Sections-.


This article aims to discuss the work with the corporeity in the teaching and learning process of a child, as a cultural and historical subject in early childhood education. This work is structured in three topics and its development was performed by using literary review. From the objectives showed and references consulted on, it was possible to conclude that is essential that schools seek to build their practice from the elements on which dialogues with the child's everyday life and that may this child use the plays as a methodological source, for this one to be a privileged form of manifestation of the child's relationship with the world. Furthermore, in the discussion held it was possible to understand that human movement is a way to communicate with the world and it is a production of culture: the body culture. It's noteworthy that some of the primitive doubts were solved, thus new questions appeared. These questions will serve as notes for future studies.


Powdered Saccharum arundinaceum leaves (PSAL) are an agricultural waste and are abundantly available for use as a versatile, low-cost biosorbent for removal of dyes from wastewater in manufacturing...


By making use of PIV (particle image velocimetry) techniques capable of acquiring an instantaneous velocity field an experimental investigation is conducted of the flow in a bladed diffuser. The flow field in the diffuser at different flow conditions was measured. The test data were processed by the use of an integral averaged method and diagrams showing velocity field distribution at various flow conditions were obtained. An analysis and discussion of the above was also conducted.


Many factors contribute to traffic accidents involving some kind of uncertainty. It is difficult to quantify the influence of these factors on traffic accidents, so methods of uncertainty analysis need to be introduced. Rough set theory is a method for uncertainty analysis, which is advancing and under ceaseless development. Based on the ability of rough set theory in dealing with imprecise, uncertain and incomplete data, the advanced models and methods about cause analysis of traffic accidents on road block-spots are proposed. According to statistical data of traffic accidents, a decision-making table is obtained. Then based on the simple algorithms of rough set theory, significance of each factor can be worked out to estimate influence of each factor on traffic accidents, consequently providing evidences for decision-making. Finally, feasibility of the models and methods are illustrated by an example.


On the 19th century, modern ideas. modern thoughts were reflected not only upon politics but culture and art, and therefore formed the representative currency of the respective periods. If realism concentrates its attention on the subject. 'how do we live?'. Then in the case of modernism, it asks, 'by what way do we have to live?'. However, the two trends in thought have a common point in that reason is respected and a reasonal world view is pointed to in them. (that they respect reason and point to a reasonal world view) And another representative artistic trend was an Avant-garde movement in Europe, which also reflected modern characteristics. The meanings of the word modernism are various, so when we mention in reference to the 20th century's forms of art, especially to the 20th century's literature, it is used very well. During the period from 1910s to '30s, the term, modernism, freed itself from the attitude of having general sympathy with modern things and had a more special relationship with the artistic experimental consciousness. This period went through the disordered state brought about by World War I and the economic panic. However, it was a period of great creation on the cultural dimension. A strange tension against the complex and varied world was centered on the modernist-writers' fundamental awareness. The writers found the situation they were continuously facing confounded reality and realized some of their problems in their writing method. Modernists, when they describing the experiences wearing high complexity, feel that the classical realism method is not appropriate, and therefore come to take many experiments through various methods in every artistic field. All these attempts inevitably tried to find new methods in order to transcend the greatly simplified experience which had been described by classical art. Hence, rather than just unfolding the plain story, juxtaposition was preferable, and irony rather than unified sentiment. The attitude of the writers or artists were seeking through modernism was usually to deny the authority and conventionality, and was a kind of Nihilism against the established culture. But while searching for the more complicated sentiment on reality, modernism seems to lose the balance of logicality, and this problem has been pointed out as a vulnerable point of modernism by numerous critics. On the contrary, the advocates of the point insisted that the successful experimental methods were much more delicate and complicated than the existing classical old ones, and more appropriate for today's reality, and therefore could help in forming the ultimately satisfactory logicality and the principle of order. In conclusion, the Avant-garde spirit's one characteristic must be the precise awareness of various problems in art, or the constant self-consciousness. The evidence can be showed off from the power and variety of criticism which helped the literature of modernism. We should put a significant meaning into the fact that the recent criticism begins to regard that modernism as an endeavor for providing modern experience through a proper manner, or a highly meaningful method of art.


Between 1786 and 1791 Jeremy Bentham conceived and complete the drafting of the
Panopticon. It is a proposal of prison's reform to which he will work for twenty years, both
introducing changes and clarifications to the original text, and trying to give it concrete
implementation. Despite the intellectual and economic efforts made by the philosopher for the
construction of the prison, and although it is one of the few texts he published, the Panopticon
was mostly overlooked by critics and, among those who have dealt with it, there were who
have considered it as a theoretical exercise, and many were those who have reduced it to a
utopian model and, most often, as an inhuman tool, and tracked in it an example of dystopia.
A crucial role in this regard has played the reading proposed by Foucault in Surveiller et punir
(1975) in which the Panopticon is presented as the paradigm of society conceived by
Bentham, a society dominated by a disciplinary power. These interpretations are the result of
a misunderstanding of the Bentham's work produced by its contextualization both as
compared to the historical period and the particular socio-economic conditions in which it
was conceived, and as to a greater and more decisive consequences with respect to the
philosophical system of which it flows. The Panopticon is proof positive of the reformatory
spirit of its author and it is conceived by him as a powerful tool for the realization of the
"artificial harmony" between individual interest and collective interest that is the basic
problem of the English philosopher's whole political-legal project. Starting from the centrality
that the criminal dimension occupies within the Bentham's philosophical and reformatory
system and from the priority that security takes on among the purposes of government, my
research aims to offer a new reading of the text, that without consider it like a paradigm of
each proposal promoted by Jeremy Bentham, both ethical and more specifically political,
recognize it as a key moment in the development of utilitarian philosopher's thought: the
practical outcome of a comprehensive theoretical work, much stranger both utopian horizon,
and despite the dominant control, the dystopian prospect.


Ten woody deciduous dicot species, ranging from obligate sun plants to facultative sun/shade plants, were grown in full sun and approximately 17% of full sun. Observations of leaf orientation showed that the leaves of most species are slanted, some to nearly vertical, in full sun and are more nearly horizontal in the shade. Although no preferential orientation for compass direction was observed, these responses may be useful. The sun position should enhance photosynthetic capacity and efficiency and promote leaf cooling during high solar radiation. The shade position should maximize the individual leaf photosynthetic input.


Abstract:The early modern courtier and writer Dudley, third Baron North, left behind him a wealth of literary manuscripts, including both autograph and scribal versions of his verse, all altered at various stages by North. But a survey of the extant copies of his printed collection, A Forest of Varieties, reveals that North's labor did not end with publication: nearly every copy of his book bears further emendations in his hand. This article draws together for the first time the scattered evidence of North's unusual authorial practice. It argues that North was deeply invested in a notion of his writings as inherently protean, and that rather than look for a progress narrative in North's continual small-scale revisions, we must take each distinct version seriously as part of a larger commitment to a body of work that was as changeable as the author himself.


Abstract In3+-thenoyltrifluoroacetone In3+(TTA)3 Complex has been prepared by reaction of In(SO4)3. 2H2O and thenoyltrifluoroacetone ligand in presence of acetate buffer. The complex has been investigated by conventional chemical and physical methods of analysis. Micro analytical data of the investigated complex showed the formula of the complex to be In(TTA)3 formula. Trials to prepare mixed ligand complexes starting with In(TTA)3 using neutral co-ligand were un successful. The complex is soluble in ethanol and could be of potential use in clinical studies.


—Tolerance is a basic element needed to develop an attitude of mutual understanding and respect for existing differences as well as being an entry point for the realization of an atmosphere of dialogue and religious harmony. This study wants to see the possible relationship between DAI (Dialog Antar Iman / Interfaith Dialogue) services that exists between religious communities within the GBKP Villa Galaxi church, Kelurahan Jakasetia, Kecamatan Bekasi Selatan, which has been running for a period of 10 years until now as a church service program. The research method of this journal is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach to evaluate the services that have been running by collecting and exploring literature related to the concept of inter-religious tolerance and interfaith dialogue in the perspective of the Christian faith, as well as studying reports on the development of the GBKP congregation for the last 5 years. The result is DAI's services to non-Christian communities within the GBKP Bekasi church strongly encourage togetherness and mutual respect. The seeds of tolerance planted in the values of togetherness grow and live into brotherhood regardless of ethnic or religious background, which in turn will build religious tolerance and distrust of the term Christianization.


FLASH integrated vector graphics production and animation design one,has been the most popular and practical multi-func tional network media development tools(RIA) animators.Variety of human expression,expressing the emotions of the people,animated fa cial expressions timely hyperbole to emphasize the character's personality,able to create a lot of unexpected results,and to grasp the charac ters to life is vivid facial expressions performances,how to design an animated facial expression,very important in the entire animation.


The article examines the main trends and results of the revolutionary changes in human resource training in the tourism industry. It is demonstrated how complicated and controversial was the process of reinstating the tourism industry and its professional staff training after the Great Patriotic War. The article shows that all the efforts aimed at supplying enough staff for the industry (short-term courses and seminars, training sessions and trips, specialized educational institutions, teacher-training and sports institutions of higher education, university geography departments and the Higher school of the trade union movement) could not keep up with the growth of the tourism movement. The basis for the modern system of higher education in tourism was laid only at the last stage of the USSR existence.


Quantum computers that process information by harnessing the remarkable power of quantum mechanics are increasingly being put to practical use. In the future, their impact will be felt in numerous fields, including in online casino games. This is one of the reasons why quantum gambling theory has garnered considerable attention. Studies have shown that the quantum gambling theory often yields nontrivial consequences that classical theory cannot interpret. We formulated blackjack game, which is one of the most famous card games, as a quantum game and found possible quantum entanglement between strategies. We also devised a quantum circuit reproducing classical blackjack. This circuit can be realized in the near future when quantum computers are commonplace. Furthermore, we showed that the player's expectation increases compared to the classical game using quantum basic strategy, which is a quantum version of the popular basic strategy of blackjack.


The introduction of new packages as well as the ongoing miniaturization in SMT make the evaluation of the reliability of solder joints a permanent task. Since solder joints fail due to low cycle fatigue caused by cyclic thermomechanical stress passive thermal cycling is an important test to evaluate the lifetime of solder joints. Since a reliability prediction with the thermal cycle encountered in reality would take years to complete the tests, methods to accelerate the test cycle are to be used. However, due to the viscoplastical deformation behavior of tin-lead solder it is mandatory to take the metallurgical behavior of the solder into account when designing accelerated tests. Two different deformation mechanisms occur, depending on the temperatures of the test as well as the temperature gradient: grain boundary sliding (GBS) and dislocation climb (DC) each one having its own influence on the damage occurring in the solder. Therefore, one is not free in choosing the parameters of a test cycle. In this paper the deformation behavior of tin lead solder is explained, A constitutive equation extracted from experiments is presented, describing the deformation behavior of Sn62Pb36Ag2. Results of simulations of the deformation behavior of Sn62Pb36Ag2 on the base of the constitutive equation are shown. Suggestions for the design of accelerated lifetime tests for solder joints are given.


The present invention provides a moving object detection apparatus, the moving object detection method and an electronic device to overcome the low detection precision in the prior art target detection problem. Moving object detection apparatus comprising: a contour image obtaining unit for obtaining a plurality of frames of the captured image area to be inspected for respective contour image; foreground profile obtaining unit, for obtaining a foreground image contours in each image; moving object determination means for determining a moving object in each frame image; and an updating unit, based on the outline image of each frame image other than the foreground pixel contour on which at least one update environmental outline image corresponding to the image, the frame image is obtained environmental outline image corresponding to the image for the next frame. A method for performing a moving object detection processing to perform functions of the moving object detection apparatus. The electronic device includes a moving object detection apparatus. The above-described technique of the invention can be applied to moving target detection field.


An improved cutting technics of steel pipes of offshore platform was researched based on the fact that domestic pipe cutting machines are generally equipped with cutting torches which rotate around two-axis today.Instead of the traditional cutting technics which is obsolete and based on an approximate cutting method with cutting torches rotated around single axis several years ago,this new technics applies an accurate geometric modeling method which results in an accurate cutting technics instead of approximate technics obtained by traditional approximate modeling method.The software simulation shows that,compared with traditional approximate cutting technics,this accurate technics,implemented by a cutting torch which rotates around two axises,can effectively reduce the cutting length so as to improve the cutting speed and time efficiency.Besides,the surfaces match better while being welded together as the accurate cutting technics fully follows the geometric properties of surfaces.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that affect stock price volatility on non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The dependent variable studied is the stock price volatility, while independent variables were examined dividend yield, dividend payout ratio, firm size, asset growth, leverage, earning per share, and earning volatility. The secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements and reports of the company's daily closing share price on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used a sample of 130 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2011-2015. The method used in analyzing the data is multiple regression model. The research data that has been collected will be tested using Eviews 8.0. The result of this study indicate that asset growth has a positive and significant impact on stock price volatility. While leverage and earning per share showed a negative and significant impact on stock price volatility. The result of this study also showed that the dividend yield, dividend payout ratio, and firm size did not have any significant impact on stock price volatility.


Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common childhood kidney disease characterized by protein leakage from the blood to the urine through the glomeruli, resulting of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema and hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome is higher in Indian subcontinent. Such incidence in Bangladesh is yet unknown. This review article discusses historical background, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and classification of nephrotic syndrome. In this review article focuses have been made on management of children aged between 1 to 18 years with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. This article also provides information of different guideline recommendations and a brief review of relevant treatment trials related to each recommendation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17268 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (2) : 102-121


How to construct a harmonious socialist society is one of hot research topics in China in 2005. This paper presents an overall review of the background of establishment of a harmonious socialist society, summarizes the previous thought achievements, and outlines the basic theories. In addition, we highlight the critical theoretical points, which need to be investigated further.


A simplified CPU model consists of ALU,PC,IR,DR,AR and Instruction Decoder,which play an important role in the exexution of microinstructions,while several microinstructions make an instruction.As a result,a programme is based on the construction and execution of microinstructions.Therefore,the analysis and designming of microinstructions are very important to learn and understand the structure and function of CPU.


To improve the safety and reduce the impact on the sensitive direction in an aircraft component trajectory adjustment system,the trajectory of a large component is optimized by a dynamics model of the adjustment system.This model is derived by the Newton-Euler method,and takes into account the rod deformation,screw movement error and deformation in the NC locator.It can evaluate the kinematic characteristics of the component with different movement trajectories.In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the amount of computation in the optimization process,an adaptive kernel principal component analysis algorithm with optimal separability between classes is proposed in combination with pattern recognition methods to predict the performance of feasible trajectories to control the scope of the search.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an example of an adjustment system.After evaluation of 150 feasible trajectories,the maximum translational velocity of the large component during the adjustment process is less than 20mm/s,and the maximum angular velocity at the end of the adjustment process is less than 0.1rad/s.


Three demultiplexers of TE0/TE1 mode, TE0/TM0 polarization and 1550nm/1310nm wavelength were designed by a topology optimization method. The functional region based on digital metamaterials occupies only 1.55x1.55μm2. OCIS codes: (160.3918) Metamaterials; (130.3120) Integrated optics devices; (160.3130) Integrated optics materials; (230.1150) All-optical devices; (230.7370) Waveguides


Simple Summary Late-stage melanoma is one of the leading causes of death from skin cancers, as it frequently acquires resistance to standard therapies. Melanoma aggressiveness relies both on high intratumoral heterogeneity and on the capability of melanoma cells to switch among different differentiation phenotypes. Recently, melanoma plasticity has indeed been pinpointed as a main cause of resistance to standard therapies. Melanoma takes advantage of extrinsic reprogramming, a common feature exploited also by melanocytes, to promote tumor progression. Unfortunately, extrinsic factors and molecular mechanisms driving phenotype switching upon treatment are yet to be thoroughly characterized. The aim of this review is to support this field of research by providing brand-new insights into melanoma plasticity. Starting from the origin of phenotype switching, we will report up-to-date molecular players and extrinsic factors determining different transcriptional programs. Finally, the latest therapeutic strategies to tackle this mechanism of resistance will be discussed. Abstract Melanoma is considered one of the deadliest skin cancers, partly because of acquired resistance to standard therapies. The most recognized driver of resistance relies on acquired melanoma cell plasticity, or the ability to dynamically switch among differentiation phenotypes. This confers the tumor noticeable advantages. During the last year, two new features have been included in the hallmarks of cancer, namely "Unlocking phenotypic plasticity" and "Non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming". Such are inextricably intertwined as, most of the time, plasticity is not discernable at the genetic level, as it rather consists of epigenetic reprogramming heavily influenced by external factors. By analyzing current literature, this review provides reasoning about the origin of plasticity and clarifies whether such features already exist among tumors or are acquired by selection. Moreover, markers of plasticity, molecular effectors, and related tumor advantages in melanoma will be explored. Ultimately, as this new branch of tumor biology opened a wide landscape of therapeutic possibilities, in the final paragraph of this review, we will focus on newly characterized drugs targeting melanoma plasticity.


Objective To investigate the current situation of clinical studies on puerarin for angina pectoris and assess whether it is adequate to provide evidence for clinical practiice.. Methods We collected all the published clinical studies on puerarin for angina pectoris from 1966 to October 2003, and assessed all the included reports according to international clinical epidemiological standard. Results 106 RCTs, 8 non-randomized controlled studies and 24 case series were included and analyzed. 126 studies reported diagnosis criteria, 10 desccribed inclusion criteria;3 studies were quasi-random, 1 double blind, 4 single blind;no study reported follow-up;117 studies reported adverse effects. Conclusion Currently the quality of studies on puerarin for angina pectoris is not good enough to provide reliable evidence for clinical practice.


The Pancreatic pseudocyst is a localized pancreatic fluid collection developing in about 10-15% cases of acute and 20-40% of chronic pancreatitis. The possible Complications of Pancreatic pseudocysts include infection, rupture, bleeding and mass effect. In few rare cases portal hypertension develops from compression or obstruction of the splenic vein or portal vein by the cyst. Only about 50% of pancreatic pseudo cysts require surgery due to the complications. Here we have a case of 65-year-old female presented with pain abdomen and abdominal swelling accompanied with weight loss and anorexia since 6 months. She was diagnosed to have a large pancreatic pseudocyst with portal hypertension. She was managed by surgery, where in the cyst was drained and subsequently the portal hypertension was relieved after surgery.


In early 1987 the Western Consortium for Public Health invited academic community and voluntary health organizations and government staff to consider important factors for health promotion among ethnic minorities. California is ethnically diverse with a 34% minority population including the largest American Indian population of any state an Asian population comprising numerous nationalities a large black population and the highest concentration of Hispanics in any state comprising 20% of the state population. The unique health problems and needs of each group are discussed. While language and acculturation are the major barriers for other groups blacks bear the greatest burden of illness in this country despite the absence of these barriers. A consensus was reached on the need for a new framework to develop Health Promotion programs in ethnic minority communities. They suggest a process focusing on socio-cultural-behavioral factors that relate to disease within a specific population. Interventions should recognize the fixed variables of a population and address those amenable to change. 2 particular areas to which they call attention are access issues and income education and occupational status. A number of particular research strategies minority community group strategies organizational strategies minority individual strategies and government strategies were delineated.


A current key issue in ecology is the role of spatial effects on population and community dynamics. In this paper, we test several hypotheses related to spatial structures and coexistence of epiphytic tropical orchid species with special emphasis on the endemic species Broughtonia cubensis. More specifically, we explored the spatial structure of orchid–host plant communities at three different levels of organization (occupied vs. nonoccupied host trees, trees with B. cubensis vs. other orchids, and reproductive vs. nonreproductive B. cubensis plants). We mapped all potential host trees and orchids at three 20 × 20 m plots and applied techniques of spatial point pattern analysis such as mark connection and mark correlation functions to evaluate departures from randomized communities. We found spatial aggregation of trees with epiphytic orchids and segregation between trees with and without epiphytic orchids, and that there was an intraspecific spatial aggregation of B. cubensis in relation to the other seven epiphytic orchid species. Furthermore, we found spatial aggregation of reproductive B. cubensis individuals and segregation between reproductive and nonreproductive individuals on their phorophytes. Thus, orchid–host plant communities show hierarchical spatial structuring with aggregation and segregation at different levels of organization. Our results point to an enhancement of local species in the coexistence of tropical epiphytic orchid communities, by reducing competition through niche differentiation.


A case is reported of Legionnaires' pneumonia in a 49-year-old woman, associated with severe and permanent disability resulting from damage to the brain stem believed to be the result of an encephalitic process.


F students of mythology, psychology, theology, and spirituality, Joseph Campbell needs no introduction. It could be argued that he is the world's best-known and best-loved author and translator of mythology of the 20th century, one whose stories and ideas have become a part of our collective wisdom. Campbell spent 25 years studying, writing about, and teaching world mythology before he began to turn his knowledge into a comprehensive guide for personal transformation through understanding the symbolism inherent in the myths. His informed yet relaxed and witty writing style makes his insights easily available to the lay reader. As I read his books, I think of Campbell as someone who takes a detached look at humanity as it has existed throughout history, documenting the changing mythologies as they emerge in different cultures. He charts the differences, and he charts the changes over time, but mostly he looks for the common threads, the themes that reveal the steady, universal longings of the human heart. Like an alien being sent to study human nature, he is able to see human myth and story as ways to illuminate the collective evolution of the human creature. Pathways to Bliss was published posthumously (Campbell died in 1987) as a continuation of the direction his work had been taking in his later years, which was to act as a soul-guide for seekers of transformation. Campbell takes a broad overview of mythology in the early chapters, which he then draws down into the subject of personal mythology. How do we live our lives? What collective cultural myths inform each person's underlying, guiding mythology? How do we uncover these myths, which in modern life seem to have completely lost their potency for many people? Those readers familiar with Campbell will recognize the connection his work has to that of Carl Jung, the Swiss psychologist whose concepts inform much of modern psychology. Campbell once said that mythology is other people's religion. In Pathways, Campbell draws heavily on Jung's work and ideas to show how mythology is as much the psychology of the ancients as it is the religion. Jung, of course, was a student of mythology, and used mythological symbols to help define the images of the unconscious mind. Campbell here outlines, in brief, some of Jung's basic ideas on the structure of the mind and how the mind uses mythological symbols to understand and give meaning to human experience. Campbell recognizes that the role of psychology in modern society is to act as a myth-builder. He sees psychological crises as a loss of myth, a lack of meaningful symbolism to guide us. We have suffered a loss of the knowledge of transcendence, of connection to something bigger than ourselves, that myth and religion provided to our ancestors. Jung thought a new mythology would spring up naturally and that humanity would find its way, collectively, to a new story, one that included the knowledge that scientific discovery has brought us. Campbell, however, sees the situation differently. He says the way out of humanity's spiritual quagmire lies in individual mythology. Campbell's bliss is a similar concept to Jung's individuation. Jung's idea is that through the individuation process one finds oneself back at the beginning: union with the divine. This is to say that within us all is the spark of the divine that is our birthright. Through finding our own individual path in life as separate from culturally imposed expectations, we find our souls. Campbell calls this "finding your bliss." To him the true challenge for each individual in life is not whether or not to take the expected job or career course, but whether or not one can take a course in life that leads one to truly be who he or she is on a soul level. Who are you, really? Does your life reflect that essence, or not? If not, you are not following your bliss. Pathways concludes with a section of questions and answers taken from lectures Campbell gave over the years. These dialogues offer wonderful insight into the essential Joseph Campbell and complement the written chapters very nicely. Readers not familiar with Campbell will find Pathways to Bliss a fine introduction to his work and ideas. This book does not have the in-depth analysis of worldwide mythology that his many other books carry. Rather, this is a guidebook for finding one's own inner hero or heroine, and for finding the guts to listen to one's own story. Readers familiar with Campbell will enjoy this book because of its easy access to his thinking. He synthesizes very broad ideas into a guide for living a courageous life.


Pod shattering during the maturing stage causes a serious yield loss in soybean. It is the main limiting factor of soybean cultivation and mechanization. It is important to develop varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and to develop energy-efficient agricultural machinery to save labor and costs. 'Daewonkong,' developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 1997, is an elite cultivar that occupies more than 80% of the soybean cultivation area in Korea because of its strong tolerance to pod shattering. The objectives of this study were to investigate the variation in pod shattering degree in a RIL population developed from a 'Daewonkong' parent and to select promising lines with pod shattering tolerance. 'Daewonkong' demonstrated a high level of tolerance to pod shattering compared to the 'Tawonkong' and 'Saeolkong' varieties, with no shattered pods after 72 hours of drying. Screening of pod shattering showed a clear distinction between the tolerant and susceptible varieties. Also, the distribution of shattering pod ratio in the two populations showed a similar pattern for three years. The promising lines with pod shattering tolerance included 27 lines in the 'Daewonkong'בTawonkong' population and 21 lines in the 'Daewonkong'בSaeolkong' population. The promising lines are expected to be widely used as breeding parents for creating soybean cultivars with pod shattering tolerance.


The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics and to develop estimation model of IHG(Internal Heat Gain) from appliance in domestic apartment units. To do this, it was defined the source of IHG from appliance and the calculation method through the case study of international and domestic codes. And the equipment related datum such possession, usage or not, etc were collected through field survey in apartment units, and the appliances' electricity consumption were measured separately from overall electricity consumption. Annual electricity consumption value were calculated with field survey datum and appliances' electricity consumption measurement datum, and then IHG value was calculated by applying PHPP v9 method. And it was conducted correlation analysis between IHG value and the area for exclusive use, the number of occupants, and then the IHG from applianace estimation model was deducted with regression analysis. Finally, it was analyzed the present level and of the domestic code(The Building Energy Efficiency Rating System) comparing with the value of estimation model, and the various international codes(HERS, Building America, SAP).


Recent Trends in Educational Media for ELT in KuwaitAbstract English Language Teaching (ELT) is a longstanding tradition in Kuwait. This is because of the ever‐increasing demand for English, which in addition to Arabic is needed for travel, certain jobs and tertiary education in Kuwait and abroad. In 1962, the aural/oral approach was adopted and with it audiovisual aids such as flash cards, wall pictures and tapes started to be used. However, with the growing interest in teaching communicative (rather than just linguistic) competence, revision of the ELT materials incorporated more life‐like situations for language practice and other educational media have also been added. The use of 'realia' has been incorporated in the teaching materials; listening comprehension in the language laboratory or with the help of cassette recorders has been increased and a CCTV English programme is being prepared. The teachers' understanding of the functional nature of language and accordingly their techniques of teaching En...


J. Lee, A. A. Belyanin, G. T. Noe, G. S. Solomon, C. J. Stanton, D. H. Reitze, ∗ and J. Kono † Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology & University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Dated: September 17, 2010)


The primary quarries of those who think that neuroscience poses a challenge to meaning, morals, and purpose are the related concepts of responsibility and desert, especially as they play a role in criminal law. After all, responsibility and desert are intrinsic features of present moral and criminal legal concepts, practices, and institutions, including the imposition of punishment. This chapter begins by reviewing the law's psychology, concept of personhood, and criteria for criminal responsibility. It then turns to neuroscience's two primary challenges, determinism and the "victim of neuronal circumstances"/"pack of neurons" (VNC/PON) model, suggesting that neither is new to neuroscience and neither at present justifies revolutionary abandonment of moral and legal concepts and practices that have been evolving for centuries in both common law and civil law countries. I then turn to the new version of determinism, called by its proponents "hard incompatibilism." First, I suggest some concerns internal to the approach. Then, because the metaphysical premises for responsibility or jettisoning it cannot be decisively resolved, I suggest that the real issue is the type of world we want to live in and that the hard incompatibilist vision is not normatively desirable, even if it is somehow achievable.


The outer frame tube of tube in tube structures is considered as an equivalent closed tube which possesses both bending and shearing deformation, while the inner tube possesses bending deformation only. The model is adopted to establish a fundamental differential equation on tube in tube structures considering P △ effects. The equation is simple and clear in shape, possesses distinct mechanical sense, and can be solved with facility.


Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has been known to have in vitro and in vivo activity against multiple myeloma (MM). PXD101, a novel, low molecular weight histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor recently has been recognized to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in MM cells. We hypothesized that these two agents, with different molecular targets, can be combined with a high probability of additive or synergistic effects without exerting cross-resistance.

In this study, we investigated the activity of the combination of PXD101 and bortezomib against osteoclast generation and MM cell growth. To evaluate the effects of bortezomib and PXD101 on the formation of osteoclasts from mononuclear hematopoietic precursors, we generated osteoclasts cultured from human bone marrow cells from healthy donors and MM patients using in vitro RANKL/M-CSF stimulation. Proliferation of MM cell lines treated with PXD101, bortezomib, or their combination was determined by measuring 3H-Thymidine incorporation. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to determine the degree of apoptosis, and trypan blue was used to assess cell viability. We utilized a xenograft murine model to test the in vivo synergistic activity of the two agents against MM tumor formation.

We found that even though either drug alone significantly inhibited osteoclast formation at concentrations of PXD101 at 25 nM or bortezomib at 1 nM, the combination resulted in synergistic inhibition in osteoclast assays. Treatment of MM cells lines (MM.1S, RPMI-8226, OPM2) with serial dilutions (10–100 nM) of the combination also led to significantly stronger inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis and cell death than single drug treatment. In addition, the combination demonstrated synergistic induction of cell death in primary human CD138+ myeloma cells isolated from patient samples. In vivo, the combination of PXD101 and bortezomib resulted in significantly higher xenograft tumor inhibition compared to either drug treatment alone and was not more toxic.

The current study provides the rationale for clinical evaluation of this novel PXD101-bortezomib combination for patients with MM. The data generated here support the hypothesis that simultaneous targeting of different proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways both in tumor cells and activated osteoclasts avoids cross-resistance and constitutes a dynamic approach to treat MM.


Japan's petrochemical industry started its activities with the production of solvents in 1955 by oil interests about 30 years behind the U. S. petrochemical industry which dates back as early as 1920's. Subsequently, fullscale petrochemical industry with naphtha cracking facility (ethylene plant) as its core was started in Japan around 1956 by chemical companies formerly under Zaibatsu combine. In its initial stage (1955-1957), however, the petrochemical industry in Japan was small in size and undoubtedly lacked competitive power, with cpacity of each ethylene plant as follows:


Aiming at the debris hazard area caused by the explosion and disintegration of the suborbital vehicle, the plane convex hull divide and conquer method is used to process the physical boundary which is in accordance with the air traffic control rules. On this basis, a new method of civil aircraft rerouting planning based on reinforcement learning DDPG algorithm is proposed. According to the state-action space DDPG algorithm, the reward function is optimized to achieve the effect of reasonable routing. With the increase in training times, the reward curve gradually becomes stable and converges in a certain time step, which verifies the effectiveness of the route change planning method.


Saline-alkali stress is one of the important environmental factors that affect plant growth and development.Due to the development of irrigated agriculture and fertilizer misuse,soil salinization and secondary salinization have become main constraints for sustainable development of agricultural production.Methallothionein genes,which can be induced by environmental stresses such as saline-alkali,are resilience-related genes.Methallothionein genes are the most abundantly expressed in Tamarix sp.under the NaHCO3 stress.We studied the relationship of a metallothionein gene(MT1) overexpression in tobacco(Nicotiana tobacum) and plant tolerance to NaCl stress.The cDNA fragment encoding metallothionein was directionally cloned into the Xba-SacⅠGUS cassette in the pBI121 binary vector.The Cauliflower mosaic virus(CaMV) 35S promoter/-nopalin synthase terminator system and kanamycin resistant gene NPTⅡ(neomycin phosphotransfers II) were used for these constitutive expression systems.The plasmid was then introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens(strain EHA105) by electroporation.Tobacco primary transformants were produced by leaf disc transformation.We then performed molecular detection and physiological analysis of the transgenic tobacco plants.Results have shown that the transgenic plants with ampicillin resistance have a positive band in RT-PCR Southern hybridization analysis,indicating that MT1 gene is integrated into the tobacco genome,and this gene expresses under the control of the 35S promoter.Compared to the non-transgenic tobacco plants of the same stage(control) challenged with 150 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L of NaCl in MS media,the transgenic plants showed significant increases in plant height and fresh weight over 50%.In addition,transgenic tobacco plants had higher SOD and POD activity,but lower MDA accumulation than the control.These results demonstrate that exogenous methallothionein expression increases the capability of active oxygen cleaning up,Therefore,transgenic tobacco plants can increase tobacco tolerance to NaCl stress.


To understand the interchange of water-sediment-salinity in the tidal flat of Jiuduan Shoal, Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary, the water depth, turbidity, salinity, speed and direction of vertical current, and echo intensity were measured using OBS-3A and ADP-XR during spring tide in summer and middle-spring and neap tide in winter. Results show that:(1) the average speed of vertical current in winter middle-spring and neap tide were 15.9 and 8.4 cm/s, respectively, while in summer the current speed reached 26.5 cm/s. The biggest speed during observation in summer and winter were 84 and 35 cm/s;(2) salinity was higher in winter than in summer, in the ranges of 0.65–4.91 in summer(2.14 in average) and 3.5–10.28 in winter(6.28 and 7.98 in middle-spring and neap tide in average);(3) high SSC(suspended sediment concentration) occurred during shallow water stage at the beginning and the end of inundation. The average SSC was higher in flood period than in ebb period. The average SSC became higher from surface to bottom gradually;(4) The discharge of water and salinity in-and-out the tidal basin were in balance, while about 40% of sediment discharge transported during flood tidal period was detained in the tidal basin. The average sediment discharge carried during every tide was 6102kg, and the accretion rate was 0.0112mm/tide. The results show that the tidal basin was in accretion at rate of 8.2mm/year.


Pragmatic failure is a frequently-discussed concept in linguistic research and English as foreign language teaching (EFLT). Learning a language means obtaining the ability of appropriately choosing linguistic forms for a specific context, or of correctly using the language in social interaction. Based on the notion of communicative competence and its significance role as the ultimate goal of EFL, this study investigates the pragmatic failure of 150 non-English majors in Jilin Agricultural University, and then makes a contrast analysis with the result got by He Ziran 30 years ago.


Flip, flex, and reflection ambiguities, which can arise in bearing-only formation control with elevation angle rigid configurations, are addressed in this paper. Elevation angle rigidity achieves formation control in agents' local co-ordinate system using bearing-only sensors, without any orientation synchronization or estimation algorithm. Considering elevation angle constraints to determine the formation shape, and then using a gradient based control law offers the benefit of a co-ordinate free control. However, flip, flex, and reflection ambiguities might be present in the final formation shape. To tackle this, we first develop sign-elevation angle rigidity theory to uniquely (locally) characterize formation shapes upto a translation and rotation using elevation angle and signed area/volume constraints. Thereafter, a formation control law is proposed (for 2-D and 3-D) using bearing-only information for single integrator systems, and local exponential stability is proved for formation tracking error. Finally, simulations validate the presented results.


Recurrent neural networks have shown excellent performance in many applications; however they require increased complexity in hardware or software based implementations. The hardware complexity can be much lowered by minimizing the word-length of weights and signals. This work analyzes the fixed-point performance of recurrent neural networks using a retrain based quantization method. The quantization sensitivity of each layer in RNNs is studied, and the overall fixed-point optimization results minimizing the capacity of weights while not sacrificing the performance are presented. A language model and a phoneme recognition examples are used.


The ranges of temperature T, harmonic number s and wave propagation angle θ in which the loss-cone-driven electron cyclotron instability can exist are found to be limited by opposing contributions to the growth rate from adjacent harmonics. For waves with refractive index n ⋍ 1 it is found that instability is possible only if T and s satisfy saT ≲ C with a = 2 − 2·5 and where the constant C is determined by θ and the form of the distribution function. It is argued that the corresponding restrictions for waves with very large or very small n are less severe. Instability is found to be forbidden for waves propagating outside a range |θ − 90°| < φ(s), except if θ ⋍ 0, where π(s) is independent of temperature and sin2φ(s) ⋍ s−1; this restriction limits the range of potentially unstable frequencies at a given harmonic.


Lecons sur la Composition et les Fonctions PermutcMes. By V. VOLTEBEA and J. PEBES. Pp. viii+183. 20 frs. 1924. (Gauthier-Villars.) Melanges de Mathimatiques et de Physique. By EMILB PICARD. Pp. 364.. 25 frs. 1924. (Gauthier-Villars.) Statics, including Hydrostatics and the Elements of the Theory of Elasticity. 2 n i edn. By H. LAMB. Pp. xii+357. 12s. 6d. net. 1924. (Cam. Univ. Press.) Scientific Papers, mainly on Electrodynamics and Natural Radiation. By the lateS. B. M'LABEN. Prepared for publication by H. H. HASSE, T. H. HAVELOOK,. J. W. NICHOLSON, and Sir JOSEPH LAEMOB. PP. vi+112. 8s. 6d. net. 1925. (Cam. Univ. Press.) Aufgaben und Lehrsatze aus der Analysis. Vol. I . Beihen. Integralrechnung.. Funkionentheorie. By G. P6LYA and G. SZEGO\ 15 m. 1925. (Springer, Berlin.)An Introduction to Mathematical Probability. By J. L. COOLIDGE. Pp. xii+21615s. net. 1925. (Oxford Univ. Press.) How to Calculate Correlations. By G. H. THOMSON. Pp. 24. 2s. net. 1925(Harrap.) Binomial Factorisations, giving Extension Congruence-Tables and Factorisation Tables. Vol. I I I . By A. J . C. CUNNINGHAM. Pp. A to D+lx ix+203. Nouvelles Vues Faraday-Maxwelliennes (Supplement). Sur la Propagation de lat Lumiire. By L. R. E. MENGES. Pp. 44. 5 fr. 1925. (Gauthier-Villars.) The Theory of Relativity. 2nd edition, enlarged. By L. SILBBESTEINPp. x + 563. 25s.net. (Macmillan.) Space and Time. By C. BENEDICKS (trans, bv J. HABDEN). Pp. xiv + 984s. net. 1924. (Methuen.) An Eighth List of Writings on Determinants. Pp. 165-184. SIB T. MUIE. Reprint from Quarterly Journal, I . No. 196. 1924. Engineering Mathematics. Part II . By R. W. M. GIBBS. Pp. iv + (65-128) + vails. 3d. 1924. (Blackie.) Algebraic Geometry. A First Course, including an Introduction to the ConicSections. By M. P. MBSHBNBBEG. Pp. xi + 127. 3s .6d.net . 1924. (Sidgwick & Jackson.) Elementarmathematik vom Hoheren StandpunHe aus. I. 3rd edit. Pp. xii + 322 15 gold marks. 1924. (Springer, Berlin.) Arithmetik—Algebra—Analysis. Lecons de GLomHric Elimentaire. By E. A. FOUET. Pp. xvi + 348. 12fr. 1924(Vuibert, Paris.) Notes on Luca Pacioli's " Summa." Pp. 125-130. By F. CAJORI. Reprint from Archivio de Storia delta Scienza. June, 1924. Graduated Problem Papers. By R. M. WEIGHT. Pp. viii + 88. 5s. 6d. 1924. (Cam. Univ. Press.) Mensuration for Middle Forms. By H. W. CABTBB. Pp. 107. Is. 6d. 1924. (Harrap.) On the Direct Numerical Calculation of Elliptic Functions and Integrals. By L. V. KING. Pp. viii + 42. 3s. 6d. net. 1924. (Cam. Univ. Press.) An Introduction to the Mathematical Analysis of Statistics. By C. H. FORSYTH. Pp. viii + 241. l l s . 6 d . n e t . (Chapman Hall, Wiley & Sons.) A Suggestion for the Development of the Ordinary Differential Operator. By J . BRILL. Reprint. Pp. 355-8. Proc. London Math. SoC. I I . 23. Part 5.


Abstract Study aim: This study compared movement velocity and force-velocity profile parameters measured by a free video analysis software program, with the use of a high-speed video recording, and a validated linear position transducer (LPT). Material and methods: Ten team-sports athletes performed double-leg and single-leg ballistic lower limb extensions on a leg press machine against a wide range of resistive loads. Each repetition was recorded by the LPT a high-speed camera (300 fps), and later analysed with a free video analysis software program. Results: Mean and peak movement velocity presented high reliability (ICC: 0.990 and 0.988, p < 0.001) and agreement between the two measuring systems (systematic bias: –0.06 ± 0.04 and –0.01 ± 0.03 m/s, respectively). Force-velocity profile parameters were also similar: maximum velocity at zero load (Vo: 1.79 ± 0.15 vs. 1.78 ± 0.12 m/s, p = 0.64), slope (b: –1585 ± 503 vs. –1562 ± 438 N · s/m, p = 0.43), maximum force at zero velocity (Fo: 2835 ± 937 vs. 2749 ± 694 N, p = 0.41) and maximum power (1274 ± 451 vs 1214 ± 285 W, p = 0.38). Both measuring systems could similarly detect the individual force or velocity deficit (p=0.91). Conclusion: In conclusion, a free video analysis software combined with a high-speed camera was shown to be a reliable, accurate, low bias and cost-effective method in velocity-based testing.


Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is a disease in which fluid pressure in the eye increases continuously, damaging the optic nerve and causing vision loss. Computational decision support systems for the early detection of glaucoma can help prevent this complication. The retinal optic nerve fibre layer can be assessed using optical coherence tomography, scanning laser polarimetry, and Heidelberg retina tomography scanning methods. In this paper, we present a novel method for glaucoma detection using an Haralick Texture Features from digital fundus images. K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifiers are used to perform supervised classification. Our results demonstrate that the Haralick Texture Features has Database and classification parts, in Database the image has been loaded and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and thirteen haralick features are combined to extract the image features, performs better than the other classifiers and correctly identifies the glaucoma images with an accuracy of more than 98%. The impact of training and testing is also studied to improve results. The software for this algorithm has been developed in MATLAB for Feature extraction and classification. Our proposed novel features are clinically significant and can be used to detect glaucoma accurately.


The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is crucial to many physiological processes involving CO2, from photosynthesis and respiration, to calcification and CaCO3 dissolution. We present new measurements of CA activity along a North Pacific transect, on samples from in situ pumps, sediment traps, discreet plankton samples from the ship's underway seawater line, plankton tows, and surface sediment samples from multicores. CA activity is highest in the surface ocean and decreases with depth, both in suspended and sinking particles. Subpolar gyre surface particles exhibit 10× higher CA activity per liter of seawater compared to subtropical gyre surface particles. Activity persists to 4700 m in the subpolar gyre, but only to 1000 m in the subtropics. All sinking CA activity normalized to particulate organic carbon (POC) follows a single relationship (CA/POC = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10−7 mol mol−1). This relationship is consistent with CA/POC values in subpolar plankton tow material, suspended particles, and core top sediments. We hypothesize that most subpolar CA activity is associated with rapidly sinking diatom blooms, consistent with a large mat of diatomaceous material identified on the seafloor. Compared to the basin‐wide sinking CA/POC relationship, a lower subtropical CA/POC suggests that the inventory of subtropical biomass is different in composition from exported material. Pteropods also demonstrate substantial CA activity. Scaled to the volume within pteropod shells, first‐order CO2 hydration rate constants are elevated ≥ 1000× above background. This kinetic enhancement is large enough to catalyze carbonate dissolution within microenvironments, providing observational evidence for CA‐catalyzed, respiration‐driven CaCO3 dissolution in the shallow North Pacific.


Let (cid:1) be a bounded open set in R n , n (cid:2) 2, with R n (cid:3) (cid:1) (cid:1) a connected set that is not thin at each point of (cid:1) (cid:1) . Then any solution to a Dirichlet problem for given continuous boundary data on (cid:1) (cid:1) can be approximated in a simple way by a sum that involves one function f ( z ) of a single complex variable z ; any analytic function f ( z ) not a polynomial can be used. One consequence of this approximation property is that any harmonic polynomial can be written (exactly, not approximately) as a finite sum involving polynomials in one complex variable. These results reveal an unexpected simplicity in the structure of harmonic functions on R n . It is a common and simple observation that harmonic analysis is more difficult in three or more dimensions than in two dimensions because you do not have the direct use of the theory of analytic functions of a single complex variable; the results here show that this obvious observation is not correct. For applications, these approximating sums provide a large collection of functions that can be fit to given boundary data and used for the numerical solution of Dirichlet problems in R n . The harmonic functions considered will be real-valued functions of a variable in R n , typically x (cid:4) ( x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n ), with n (cid:2) 2. The Walsh-Lebesgue Theorem states that if K is a compact subset of R 2 , with R 2 (cid:3) K connected, then every continuous real-valued function on (cid:1) K can be uniformly approximated by


Irrigation schedule for walnut tree under drip irrigation was studied through a field experiment with orthogonal design method.Results showed that the total water amount was between 711.77 and 814.38 mm for different lower limit treatments of soil moisture.In the growing period,daily water consumption for the treatments was 3.57~4.18 mm/d in April,3.78~4.87 mm/d in May,5.9~7.35 mm/d in June and July,being highest,and 3.6~4.46 mm/d in August.Comprehensive analysis of yield,protein,fat and kernel rate showed that the lower limits of soil moisture were 60%,60% and 50% in flowering stage,fruit expanding stage and stone hardening stage,respectively.Suitable irrigation was 12 times one year and the quota of irrigation was 680 m3/hm2.


This paper presents the use of advanced computer simulation (coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and process modeling) to determine the effects of burner change out in a steam-methane reformer (SMR). SMR's are used to generate hydrogen for oil refinery operation and synthesis gas for chemical plant production. A stream of natural gas and steam reacts inside a large number of catalyst-filled tubes housed inside the SMR furnace. Burner replacement in the furnace can result in reduced hydrogen production, decreased efficiency, and unstable operation. To help select a suitable replacement burner and optimize furnace performance CFD modeling was used to identify the impact of different burners on the following key SMR design parameters: • Local heat flux profiles on the reformer tubes; • Local peak and average reformer tube skin temperatures; • Heat Flux in the pre-heat tubes; • SMR Hydrogen production and process conditions. With a replacement burner selected, the 'coupled' CFD model was then used to predict the burner-firing pattern that maximizes hydrogen production within the SMR design constraints.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


It introduces the concept of the fertilizing project of Sanxia reservoir region,it illustrates how to do this project well from organization and leadership,implementing plan,bidding,construction contract,construction organizing and management,checking before acceptance,settling accounts examining and approving and final accounts examining,which accumulates experience for the second stage of project.