In 2003-2004 Enel carried out the acquisition of 3D seismic surveys in a few areas of the Larderello-Travale geothermal system. In the framework of the European project "Integrated Geophysical Exploration Technologies for deep fractured geothermal system" (I-GET), advanced analyses have been applied to 3D seismic data of the Travale test site, where a deep superheated steam reservoir is hosted in metamorphic/intrusive formations at a depth greater than 3000m. Reservoir productivity is linked to fractured and permeable levels that are rather confined and not uniformly distributed and that often give rise to high amplitude seismic reflections. Thus, seismic data processing was aimed at the proper treatment of signal amplitudes and at the detection of the peculiar seismic signatures, as well as at the reconstruction of subsurface seismic images. All the available surface and well data of the Travale site have been utilized for an integrated interpretation that was initially oriented to update the geological and structural model. Geophysical well logs were acquired in the framework of the IGET project, and together with all the other available logs, were very useful for calibrating surface seismic. A second interpretative step was the detection of deep seismic markers that can be interpreted as potential targets for explorative wells. To this end, pre-stack and post-stack signal amplitude analyses were focused on identifying areas characterized by anomalous amplitude values. As testified by a significant number of wells, the most important deep seismic reflector in the study area is represented by the "H" horizon that, from a geological point of view, is the expression of a contact metamorphic aureole characterized by a higher fracture density. In order to assess the reliability of this seismic marker as a drilling and productive target, a detailed study has been carried out comparing the steam production from fractures occurring inside and outside the seismic horizon. As a result of this analysis the production supplied by fractures within the H marker was more than 70% of the total.


Recognition of full-blown, far advanced cases of alveolar-capillary membrane block syndrome has become a relatively simple matter in a well-equipped pulmonary function laboratory. Marked arterial desaturation in the face of normal ventilation as a sign of this can easily be recognized, even clinically. However, in noncyanotic patients the cause of the patient's severe dyspnea may not be readily apparent clinically, and may indeed be recognized only with the finding of a wide alveolar-arterial oxygen difference and decreased diffusing capacity of the lung for either carbon monoxide or oxygen. This type of diffusion impairment has been described in association with granulomatous diseases of the lungs, such as Boeck's sarcoid, berylliosis, and nonspecific inflammatory granulomatosis, as well as in a multitude of conditions manifested primarily by pulmonary fibrosis. Although several studies have appeared describing the aberrations in pulmonary function studies in these cases (1-3), little attention has been paid to the related hemodynamic alterations, either at rest or exercise. Since any pulmonary disease may involve not only lung tissue but may also directly alter pulmonary vascular characteristics or reduce the total vascular bed, combined pulmonary and hemodynamic studies should provide a more complete understanding of the altered physiology in such cases. The present report provides such detailed combined cardiopuhnonary studies, and in addition presents an attempt at correlation of these studies with special histologic evaluation of lung biopsy specimens.


The effect of nitrite on steel corrosion induced by sulfate in three simulated concrete pore environments has been investigated by means of half-cell potential, linear polarization resistance and visual examination, as well as sulfate-induced corrosion is compared with chloride-induced corrosion. The results indicate that with the presence of nitrite, sulfate-induced corrosion can be inhibited effectively. Sulfate threshold level increases with the increasing of nitrite concentration and highly alkaline environment plays an important role in assisting nitrite to inhibit sulfate-induced corrosion. Chloride-induced corrosion is more prone to initiate than sulfate-induced corrosion in highly alkaline environment but in neutral environment, when nitrite content is equal to or less than 0.053mol/L, sulfate-induced corrosion is more likely to occur than chloride-induced corrosion.


Unresolved abandonment and engulfment issues may be activated by space and closeness needs of people in a relationship. Treatment interventions are divided into four categories: blocked development...


Early exit from work has been a significant phenomenon in OECD countries since the 1970s, and reducing the incidence of early retirement has become a major issue in current reform debates at national and international levels. This book by Bernhard Ebbinghaus is devoted to explaining the general trends of early exit, its timing, and crossnational differences in exit trajectories. The book is divided into three parts. The first part, 'Exploring Interests and Institutions', presents the theoretical framework of the study. Chapter 2 is devoted to the presentation of a theoretical framework for the analysis of interest organization and intermediation at the micro-level (workers, employers, and workers' representatives at workplace-level) and macro-levels (the state, employers, and unions). Ebbinghaus makes the point that the potential collusion of interests between social partners is linked to the institutional environment. The next chapter is therefore logically devoted to building a heuristic tool based on a combination of institutional typologies. Drawing on and combining typologies focused on The Three Worlds of Welfare (Esping-Andersen), the Varieties of Capitalism (Hall and Soskice), and the 'three modes of interest intermediation' (Crouch), Ebbinghaus outlines the main cross-national differences in, respectively, welfare state regimes (which he calls 'regimes of protection'), social systems of production ('regimes of production') and labour relations ('partnerships institutions'). He argues that there are 'institutional affinities' between particular regimes of protection, production, and partnership institutions, which he refers to as the 'early exit triangle'. Analysing ten theoretically selected OECD cases, he detects fives clusters with corresponding consequences for employment regimes: Germany and the Netherlands (Centre countries: Conservative 'welfare without work' problem); France and Italy (Latin: Latin clientelist pensioner states); Sweden and Denmark (Nordic: Scandinavian full-employment goal); the UK, Ireland and the US (Anglophone: Anglophone flexible labour market); Japan (Asian: Japanese tenure employment model). In the second part, 'Comparing Early Exit Regimes', the author confronts hypotheses about the consequences of these 'institutional affinities' for early exit trajectories with the evidence collected from a cross-national comparison of early exit policies. Assuming the interaction between protection, production, and partnership institutions, these empirical chapters present several interlinked theses. According to the protection-related pull thesis, welfare regimes shape the incentives for older workers to quit working early and affect firms' opportunities to externalize restructuring costs via early retirement. Therefore, regime-specific variations of available exit pathways account for a part of the cross-national variations in early exit from work. Following the production-related push thesis, the social partners or firms provide their own exit pathways and engage in 'labour-shedding' strategies. Variations in production regimes partly explain the different ways in which firms shed older workers (market-driven cyclical downsizing, systemic restructuring, etc.). Yet neither a protection nor a production-oriented approach can explain cross-national variations alone, because 'employers and workers representatives at both national and workplace levels are crucial actors mediating between pull and push' (p. 251). They adapt and try to influence the protection-related incentives and production-related exigencies. This partnership-oriented dimension is presented as the 'missing link' in many accounts of early retirement. The third part of the book is devoted to the analysis of opportunities for, and obstacles to, reform. Ebbinghaus argues that the multiple exit pathways and the number of actors make policy reversal very difficult. He stresses the potential for substitution effects as actors search for second-best alternatives, for cost-shifting between programmes, and the relative independence between pull incentives and push factors as far as reforms are concerned. Reversing early exit policies therefore requires a plethora of measures to alter the protection-induced pull and to lower the production-related push. With variations explained by different problem loads and opportunity structures, governments have used five main policy instruments: (a) raising the statutory pension age; (b) recalibrating disability insurance; (c) closing special early retirement programmes; (d) shifting from passive to active labour market policies; and (e) fostering gradual pensions and extended part-time work. Reflecting on these past experiences, the end of Chapter 7 and the Conclusion look into the obstacles to policy reversal (notably unintended consequences, social expectations, and pathdependence), the cross-national reform patterns, and the conditions of path departure.


Background.  The aim of the present study was to examine the correlations between androgenic sex steroids and serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women.


The electronic properties and chemical interactions of cathode structures using 4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (Bphen) doped with rubidium carbonate (Rb2CO3) as electron injection layers were investigated. Current-voltage characteristics reveal that the devices with Bphen/Rb2CO3/Al as cathode structures possess better electron injection efficiency than those with cathode structures of Bphen/LiF/Al. Ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy shows that n-type doping effects resulting from Rb2CO3 and the gap states created by aluminum deposition are both keys to the improved carrier injection efficiency. Moreover, theoretical calculation indicates that the chemical reaction between aluminum and the nitrogen atoms in Bphen is the origin of the gap states.


The paper studies the effect of social capital on the firms' debt capacity and structure in China.We measure the social capital of China's 31 provinces through the number of NPOs, the index of trust among peoples, and the blood donation ratio. The results show that the firms in the better social capital development areas will incline to have higher debt ratio and longer debt maturity, and the firms could get debt financing through less mortgage. The paper has two contributions to the economics literature, firstly, it confirms the economic value of social capital form micro-perspective; second, it provides a new perspective to understand the firms'capital structure choice.


The results of studies performed personally by the author and under his leadership on the current level of environmental safety of city buses of Russian-made ecological class Euro-4 (LiAZ-5292-21) and Euro-5 (LiAZ-5256-13 and LiAZ-529-22) according to the smoke level of the exhaust gases provided by GOST R 52160-2003, and not required in actual operation in terms of the content of nitrogen oxides NOX in the exhaust gases of a diesel engine when operating at idle modes. Previous studies on passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with diesel engines (using the operating method developed by us) in accordance with UNECE rules 83.03 (based on urban driving cycles with the results of environmental pollution in g/km) showed an excess of NOX emissions from 7 to 15 times, on the basis of which a simplified technology was developed to control the environmental safety of these vehicles by indicators of the content of CO2 and NOX at idle for a conventional engine with a working m volume of 1 liter. This technique is appropriate to apply for a large vehicle mass, for which NOX emissions at idle is much higher. This will provide operational control of environmental safety by NOX and increased requirements for manufacturers. In a first approximation, the maximum permissible value of the NOX content is justified – no more than 530 ppm. (For comparison, this indicator for cars is significantly lower – no more than 200 ppm). It was additionally established that for estimating CO2 greenhouse gas emissions it is enough (with an error of no more than 10 % to decrease) to use the general indicator of fuel economy – actual fuel consumption: at the same time per 1 kg of diesel fuel, gasoline, liquefied and compressed natural gas, used in operation, 1,500 g of CO2 will be accounted for (conversion to liters is carried out according to the energy density indicators). The studies were carried out as part of comprehensive work to improve the quality of technical servicing of cars, trucks and buses, conducted at the department "Operation of automobile transport and car service" MSARTU (Head of the Department of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor A.A. Solntsev).


In this paper, room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SiR) was employed as test sample to investigate the relationship between electrical tree propagation characteristics and the low experiment temperature. Power frequency voltage was applied on the SiR specimens through the needle-plate electrode with the same radius of needle tips to initiate the electrical tree at different low experiment temperatures. Both the structures and growth characteristics of electrical tree in SiR were observed by using a digital camera and a microscope system. Obtained results show that electrical tree in RTV SiR is white gap tree channel which maybe composed of silicone compounds instead of carbonized channel in XLPE. Electrical tree in SiR all initiate from single branch, and the width of initiative single branch channel varies a lot with the electrical tree structure. The structure of at experiment temperature from 0 °C to -70 °C in RTV SiR can be classified into three categories, which are branch, bush and pine branch tree. The distribution of tree structures changes with the experiment temperature. At the temperature of -70 °C, pine branch tree take up a great proportion, however, bush tree becomes the dominant structure when the temperature rise up to -50 °C and -30 °C. All kinds of electrical tree grow rapidly in the first beginning of the treeing propagation, and this process lasts only a few minutes.


Strains of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in topoisomerase I activity (topA mutants) are UV sensitive and non‐mutable (Overbye and Margolin: J Bacteriol 146:170–178, 1981). Using lac‐operon fusions to DNA damage inducible (din) loci we investigated whether these observations could be explained by an inability of topA strains to efficiently induce DNA damage responses. Mitomycin C (MMC)‐induced expression of lac‐operon fusions to uvrB and to a second SOS locus, din‐9, was largely eliminated in topA bacteria. The inducible expression of several other din‐fusions was also diminished. This inducibility defect was mimicked by growth of din‐9 topA+ bacteria in media of high osmolarity, a condition that leads to increased DNA supercoiling. Inhibitors of DNA gyrase efficiently induced din‐9 in topA bacteria. Together, these results suggest that the topA effect on din expression may be mediated at the level of DNA supercoiling. The sensitivities of a number of din‐fusions to topA paralleled the degree to which they were repressed by excess LexA, suggesting that mutations in topA might influence LexA‐operator interactions and/or increase lexA expression.


Blockchain technology can be used as a healthcare solution that allows hospitals to store and share electronic health records (EHRs) in a secure and reliable manner. However, the number of hospitals that can participate in a blockchain network is limited by the inclusion of big data such as multimedia files, which presents an obvious scalability problem. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical cloud-based consortium blockchain framework for storing big data including multimedia files within cloud-based local hospital blockchain networks and sharing them with hospitals outside the networks through high-level blockchain networks, called city blockchain networks and state blockchain network. We present procedures for concurrently searching EHRs, creating access control policies for authorized access, and retrieving EHRs through hierarchical blockchain networks. The experimental results show that our approach is feasible and efficient for accessing and sharing EHRs using hierarchical cloud-based consortium blockchains throughout a country.


For decades procurement performance has been attracting great attention from practitioners, academicians and researchers due to poor performance resulting from non-adherence to proper processes and procedures. This paper aims at identifying financial and non-financial measures that can contribute to improved performance of the procurement function. Literature suggests that procurement efficiency and procurement effectiveness of the purchasing function are measures of procurement performance. A survey instrument was developed and administered to a public entity in Uganda with a view to establish the importance of financial and non-financial measures in the performance of the procurement function. The paper concludes that other than financial measures, non-financial measures also contribute significantly in the procurement process and performance.


Research into consumer acceptance of domestic electricity demand-side response (DSR) highlights loss of personal control as a key concern. This UK focus group study explored people's perceived control in relation to home energy use and DSR. Three DSR offerings were discussed: fixed and dynamic time of use (TOU) pricing and direct load control. Participants' main motivations for control were costs, comfort, time/flexibility and autonomy. The majority viewed a fixed TOU tariff as increasing personal control, particularly over costs. Dynamic TOU pricing divided opinion, with some perceiving more control over costs, while others were concerned about ease of use, requirement for automation, predictability and flexibility. Almost everyone saw direct load control as reducing their control, although some framed this only in terms of control over appliances, while others were concerned about their overall autonomy. Implications for future research and the design, targeting and communication of DSR products are discussed.


Science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by the Amercan Association for the Advancement of Science at The Busine Prees, Incorporated, N. Queen St. and McGovern Aye., Lancaster, Pa. Founded in 1880, it has been since 1900 the official publication of the AAAS. Editorial and Adverthing Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Telephone, EXecutive 60 or 6081. Cable address, SCIMAG, Washington, D. C. Entered as secondclass matter at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., January 13,


The SAT I: Reasoning Test is designed for use with juniors and seniors in high school as part of the college admissions process. Of the nearly 3 million students who took the SAT I in 1998-99, over 130,000 were 7th and 8th grade students (over 110,000 in 1997-98). While most of these middle school students take the SAT I as part of a talent identification program (TIP), the appropriateness of the SAT I for these students has been questioned. Individual talent identification programs provide feedback to students based on those students who apply to the specific program. However, little is known about the background demographics and performance of the total group of middle school students. This difficulty exists because TIP students do not routinely provide the same level of background information as other students taking the SAT, nor are the data maintained in the SAT Program files. As a result, it has been difficult to evaluate this nontraditional testing group. As part of a special project, middle school students who tested in 1997-98 and 1998-99 were extracted from the SAT Program files and their performance analyzed. Differences in demographics were noted for the middle school students compared to the traditional SAT I test taking cohort. For example, about 52% (for both years) of the 7th and 8th grade test takers were male and 48% female compared to the College Bound Senior cohort where about 46% are male and 54% female. Analyses further revealed that the performance of middle school students covered the entire range of the SAT scale, with the majority of students falling within a narrow score range compared to the CB cohort. Eighth graders outperformed 7th grade test takers on both Verbal and Math as evidenced by substantially higher mean scores. In addition, the mean scores for 8th graders on Math were higher than those for the CB cohort.


ObjectiveTo develop a sensitive method for the specific detection of HIV-1 RNA. DesignFollowing reverse transcription, the presence of HiV-1 RNA can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Since specific detection of HIV-1 RNA may be complicated by contamination with minute quantities of HIV-1 DNA, samples are treated with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) prior to analysis. This additional step increases the possibility of RNA degradation and sample contamination. MethodsA primer, HG141, was designed to hybridize to the poly(A) tract present in HIV-1 genomic and all HIV-1 messenger (m) RNA with its 5' end and to the region upstream of the poly(A) tract with its 3' end. The increased stability of the HG141 primer/HIV-1 RNA or complementary (c) DNA complex, enabled PCR amplification to be performed with HG141 and the return primer HG62 at an annealing temperature above the melting temperature (Tm) of the primer—HIV-1 DNA complex. ResultsAfter reverse transcription of samples obtained from HIV-1-infected H9 cells, HG62/141-primed PCR amplification specifically detected HIV-1 RNA sequences without the need for DNase pre-treatment. This technique was more sensitive for the detection of HIV-1 RNA than SK38/39-primed PCR amplification of DNase-treated samples. ConclusionsSince the presence of HIV-1 RNA is indicative of HIV-1 replication for the presence of HIV-1 vjrions, the RNA-specific primer described should facilitate the assessment of HIV-1 replication and the plasma HIV-1 viral load in HIV-1-infected individuals. This should prove useful in the evaluation of the effects of therapeutic interventions on HIV-1 infection.


The underrepresentation of certain groups in computing has led to increasing efforts in the United States (US) to develop computing curricula that is responsive and relevant to a more diverse group of learners. In England, despite a mandatory computing curriculum from age 5, a similar problem is seen in terms of representation in formal Computer Science qualifications as in the US. The current paper used a Quick Scoping Review methodology to identify research that has implemented and evaluated culturally-responsive and relevant K-12 computing curricula, and to understand how they have been designed, the methods used for evaluation, and the factors affecting their success. In total, 12 papers were included in the review and all were from a US setting. Successes included changing learners' attitudes towards computing and increased learning gains. Key factors in the implementation of the curricula were teacher confidence and understanding of the sociopolitical context of computing, opportunities provided for collaboration and sharing knowledge and opinions, and allowing time for difficult discussions without oversimplifying the issues. The review identifies important lessons to be learned for other countries, including England, aiming to increase the diversity in representation in computing in their schools.


Objective To understand the HIV infection status among pregnant women in Henan province and provide basis for preventing mother to child transmission of AIDS.Methods The HIV-test results obtained from January 2005 to May 2007 among pregnant woman in 31 counties(districts)with relatively high HIV prevalence were analyzed.Results A total of 720 605 pregnant woman were tested for HIV antibody,of whom 541 were identified HIV positive and the HIV-positive rate was 0.08%.Of the 364 HIV positive pregnant women 223(61.26%)decided voluntarily to terminate pregnancy,while 136(37.88%)chose to continue with their pregnancy,and the proportion of HIV positive pregnant women who continued with the pregnancy in the 3 different years was 31.51%(46/146),36.31%(57/157)and 54.10%(33/61),respectively,showing an yearly rising trend.Of the 284 HIV positive mothers 250(88.03%)received PMTCT intervention.Conclusion The rate of PMTCT in HIV-positive pregnant women can be further improved by increasing HIV testing among pregnant women and HIV positive women of child bearing age and by early identifying and managing them.


Photosynthetic characters and water utilization efficiency (WUE) in Acer truncatum under water stress were studied with oneyearold potcultured grafting seedlings. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and WUE decreased along with the lengthening and deepening of water stress. Under light and moderate water stress, decrease of Pn was arisen from both stomata limitation and nonstomata limitation. While under severe water stress, decrease of Pn was mainly arisen from nonstomata limitation. Under light water stress, diurnal change of Pn was a single peak curve, and under moderate water stress, diurnal change of Pn was double peak curve. Diurnal change of WUE was a double peak curve under light and moderate water stress.


The phytoplankton community structure and water quality of Wuyang River scenic area of Guizhou province in August of 2012 was studied. The resules showed that a total of 149 species phytoplankton belonged to 58 genera of 5 phyla were indentified. Bacillariophyta accounted for 46.30% of the total. The average of phytoplankton cell density was 16.7 ×105cells / L of Wuyang River in summer. The average of biomass was 1.58 mg / L. Bio-indicator and biological index proved that the water quality of Wuyang River was between α-mesosaprobic zone and β-mesosaprobic zone.


Introduction. The causative agent of chickenpox is ubiquitous. In children, especially with a burdened premorbid background, there is a high incidence of severe forms and complications.Aim. To study the course of chickenpox in children in modern conditions.Material and methods. 58 pediatricians (group 1), 42 parents of children aged 0 to 3 years (group 2) and 43 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years (group 3) were surveyed.Results and discussion. In the 1st group, 224 children (73.68%) had a long period of rashes, 57 children (18.75%) had a mild and not long period. At the age of 16, unvaccinated children first fell ill with chickenpox. In 23 patients (7.57%), there were obvious clinical manifestations of chickenpox with a pronounced and prolonged intoxication syndrome. In 67.43%, a positive Mantoux test was recorded with an increase in papule and corolla of hyperemia in dynamics. The development of complications significantly more often (p = 0.0429) was recorded in the group of children with aggravated premorbid background. All pediatricians are positive about vaccination. In the 2nd group, out of 37.5% of parents who are against vaccination, 16.67% believe that the vaccine does not always have a positive effect on the health of the child. The ineffectiveness of vaccines is recognized by 45.83% of respondents. 40.47% of children have not been vaccinated and they do not have vaccination certificates. In the 3rd group, 32.56% of children were ill with chickenpox, of which 79.07% had a mild form of the disease. 67.44% have a positive attitude towards vaccination against chickenpox. The coverage of all vaccines according to the National calendar was 100%.Conclusion. Chickenpox is a serious unsafe infectious disease that requires specific prophylaxis.


The article considers the general analysis of scientific and legal bases development on peace-making (keeping) activities in the historiographic context, the short description of scientific researches and its role in development of the peace-making (keeping) conception.


Forward density-voltage (J-V) measurements of titanium/4H-SiC Schottky rectifiers are presented in a large temperature range. While some of the devices present a behavior in accordance with the thermionic current theory, others present an excess forward current at low voltage level. This anomaly appears more or less depending on the rectifier and on the temperature. A model based on two parallel Schottky rectifiers with different barrier heights is presented. The characteristics show good agreement. It is shown that the excess current at low voltage can be explained by a lowering of the Schottky barrier in localized regions. A proposal for the physical origin of these low barrier height areas is given.


In this paper, a polarization-sensitive absorption and transmission polarization conversion multifunctional metasurface is designed. Based on the principle of Fabry-Borot antenna, the modulation of electromagnetic waves with different polarizations is realized. Receiver-transmitter structure consisting of rectangular metal patches on the front and back sides . Cross-polarization conversion of Y-polarized waves was achieved at 8.9–15.2 GHz. In combination with the open-slit elliptical structure, selective absorption of X-polarization can be achieved, thus realizing the radar cross-section(RCS) reduction of the target. The absorption operates in the frequency band of 8.3–13.9 GHz. Electromagnetic waves of different polarizations do not affect each other in the modulation of the same structure and operate in almost the same frequency band. To verify the proposed structure, the relevant parameters were optimized and measured. The experimental results match with the simulation results, and the design can be used for radome and electromagnetic stealth.


Modern ruling logic of the Party in political communication perspective lies in political communication between the Party and the mass including the guidance of ideology of 'three represents',the Party's leadership to government,the establishment and implementation of government's concrete policy concerning people's livelihood and the satisfaction of the mass,which will lastly establish information feedback and create win-win situation for both legal leadership and people's satisfaction.Thus,such the ruling logic becomes basic idea for understanding and building the origin of the Party's ruling legitimacy.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) finned field effect transistor. The method comprises the following steps of: providing a substrate comprising a first area and a second area; forming a plurality of discrete first finned parts positioned in the first area and a plurality of discrete second finned parts positioned in the second area; forming a protective layer which covers the substrate, the first finned parts and the second finned parts, wherein the protective layer is provided with a first opening, and partial first finned parts are exposed by the first opening; injecting the first doping ion into the partial first finned parts; forming a first gate structure which is positioned on the surfaces of the first finned parts with the first doping ions and is positioned in the first opening; forming a second opening in the protective layer after the first gate structure is formed, wherein partial second finned parts are exposed by the second opening; and injecting the second doping ion into the partial second finned parts. According to the CMOS finned field effect transistor, a channel region is high in carrier mobility, low in threshold voltage and stable in device performance.


In the 21st century learning must be integrated with various technological devices in the entire process, this also supports the industrial revolution 4.0 program. The TPACK approach is the answer to these demands, where learning is based on knowledge of teaching materials (content knowledge), how to teach material (pedagogical knowledge), and knowledge of how to use technology (technological knowledge). One example of the application of technology in learning is the Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (moodle), at the research site, namely SMAN 8 Serang City, there is a moodle-based learning studio website. The sample of this study were students of class X at SMAN 8 Kota Serang. The research method used in this study was quantitative pre-experimental design, with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in the learning outcomes of students who had studied using the moodle sanggar belajar by 52.3%. The n-gain score obtained was 61.62% which was categorized as "effective enough", which means that learning achieves learning objectives with proven significant mathematics learning outcomes.


The effect of diet on the deveiopment of radioinduced ulcers in rabbits was investigated. Two lots of rabbits were exposed to a localized dose of 1500 r after seven days on a strict diet. Thc first lot received a complete balanced diet, but the second lot received bread and carrots. It was found that the restricted diet aggravates the development of ulcers and increases perforation. No correlation was found between pcrforated ulcers and the cortieosuprarenal secretory activity. (J.S.R.)


INTRODUCTION In place-based research, geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to derive the context of place and further our understanding of whether place influences health. The external context may include the quality of the physical environment, resources (material and social), and infrastructures that can affect individual health (Pearce et al. 2006). These contextual factors act directly in some instances and indirectly in others (Evans and Stoddart 1994). A strong relationship exists between individual social economic status (SES) and the quality of the neighborhood environment; this may amplify the disparities in health between the richer and the more deprived (Yen and Syme 1999, Fiscella and Williams 2004, Braveman 2006). Researchers only recently have begun to study the impact of various neighborhood-level factors on individual health and health inequalities. In this research, natural neighborhoods within Ottawa, Canada, were delineated, using data from DMTI Spatial Inc., Statistics Canada, the City of Ottawa, the National Capital Commission, the Ottawa Real Estate Board, DigitalGlobe satellite imagery, field-based observations, and expert and community knowledge. These neighborhood units were used within a GIS to derive contextual health indicators in the natural environment, social environment, goods, services and amenities, and the built environment. These indicators were organized into a set of health-relevant domains inspired by Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Maslow 1968, 1970), which was the basis of the conceptual framework for this research. The ultimate goal was to determine which, if any, contextual indicators act as predictors of health outcomes. In the subsequent sections, research goals are described and the methodology used to delineate the neighborhoods and the conceptual framework and methods used to derive the indicators are provided. In conclusion, the initial results compare a measure of socioeconomic status within the neighborhoods and neighborhood health indicators. DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH This study was initiated by a multidisciplinary team from the University of Ottawa who engage in collaborative community-based research aimed at reducing regional health inequalities. The practical objective was to work with city policy makers, planners, and program implementers to develop strategies and procedures to reduce health inequalities in Ottawa (Kristjansson et al. 2007). This project was focused on spatial inequalities in neighborhood resources for health, which can lead to inequities from a social justice perspective. More specifically, this project had four objectives: * To develop a methodology for defining "natural* " neighborhoods; * To gather data on a number of neighborhood social and physical resources/amenities; to essentially create a community inventory and subsequent measures of accessibility using GIS capabilities (c.f. Pearce et al. 2006); * To map the relationships between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), the distribution of resources necessary for health, and health outcomes; and * To share the evidence with decision-makers and relevant community organizations and to assess the usefulness of the GIS tools in a participatory process of neighborhood delineation. Because the project is still under way, an analysis of all community resource indicators with socioeconomic status (SES) is not yet completed. However, the preliminary results suggest clear intra-urban variations in neighborhood SES and relations with health indicators. As such, others should benefit from this experience and methods thus far. The health-outcome-indicator analysis is for a future publication. Study Area Ottawa, Ontario, is the national capital of Canada (see Figure 1), with a population of 846,802 and a population density per square kilometer of 258. …


The present ecological environment construction by returning cultivated slope lands into forest and grass in the Loess Plateau is generally out of order and in blindness owing to deficiency of scientific planning to guide practice, which should be paid more attontion by relative agencies and departments. As soil and water loss is the main ecological environmental issue in the Loess Plateau, departments of water resources, forest, planning, civil administration and others are rushing into actions for returning cultivated slope lands into forest and grass, resulting in repeated input and achievement statistics.The out of order activities and false reported figures make it very difficult to reach expected objectives. It is suggested that the national ecological environmental construction commission should be set up under the State Council, and special coordination agency should be established to enhance unified leadership for the activities. There is the dialectical relation between ecological benefit and economic benefit, therefore, both of them should be united together.


There is no doubt that during the historical period Cyprus was a copper-mining centre of great importance; not only does the literary evidence testify to this, but also the large slag-heaps found in many parts of the island. It is not our intention, however, to treat of this period, but to examine how far Cyprus produced copper during the bronze age. Prof. Gjerstad has, in his Studies on Prehistoric Cyprus, shewn that at least till the end of the bronze age there seems to be no racial change in the population, the cultural development being steady. During Late Cypriot II and III, however, Mycenean ware and its local imitations become so frequent that it is likely that Mycenean overlords were ruling in Cyprus; such a state of affairs fits in well with Mycenean history of this time, and probably now Cyprus began to be hellenised.


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2011,so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of the epidemic outbreak of infection diseases.Methods The Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2011.Results There were a total of 325 cases of clustering communicable disease or possible outbreaks including 2 812 people in 2011.Compared with 2010,the outbreak number increased by 11.3%,but the number of cases decreased by 30.4%.The main diseases contained influenza,hand-foot-and-mouth disease,chickenpox and infectious diarrhea.The most outbreaks occurred in schools including kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools.The peak period concentrated in the spring and winter.Conclusion Conclusions The number of epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases in 2011 was higher than that of 2010,but the total cases were lower than that of 2010,and the pattern was similar.The public health prevention and control in school health management should be strengthened for an effective control of the epidemic situations.


Abstract An intervention was developed to increase patient involvement in care. Using a treatment algorithm as a guide, patients were helped to read their medical record and coached to ask question...


Pd-Sn catalysts possess excellent catalyst performance for electroless metal deposition. They have attracted interest for converting nonconductive surfaces into conductive ones. The present investigation was undertaken to verify the decomposition behavior of a Pd-Sn catalyst solution from the viewpoint of the colloid and solution chemistries. HCl gas is volatilized during spontaneous decomposition of Pd-Sn catalysts, which suggests that the stability of Pd-Sn catalysts is related to stannous ion complexation, depending on the chloride ion concentration. The core of the Pd-Sn catalyst is protected with (SnCl3) molecules, which have a lone pair of electrons, to prevent the primary particles in the Cl concentration range of about 3 M or more from aggregating. The solution chemistry of stannous chloro-complexes shows that, in such a higher concentration of Cl, a small number of (SnCl2)molecules with unoccupied p-orbitals exists in the Pd-Sn solution. Such molecules act as a cross-linking agent. They enhance the probability of the aggregation of primary particles. In general, it is believed from the results of aerated accelerating-tests that Sn ions are oxidized to Sn ions by dissolved oxygen molecules, and that the decrease in Sn concentration causes aggregation (or decomposition). This work confirmed that Cl concentrations influence the decomposition of Pd-Sn catalysts. We conclude that the spontaneous decomposition mechanism of Pd-Sn catalysts differs from the decomposition mechanism of Pd-Sn catalysts performed by the accelerating-tests.


Recently, Wang's premium principle (Wang, 1995, 1996) has been discussed by many authors. Considerable attention has been given to the conditions under which Wang's premium principle can be reduced to the standard deviation premium principle. In this paper, we have got two results on this problem. One is that the natural set is a location-scale family if Wang's premium principle can be reduced to the SD premium principle for all surjective distortions. The other is that the natural set is a location-scale family for all power distortions.


This paper describes on the flame stability and combustion instability of coal derived synthetic gas especially for gases of Buggenum IGCC in Netherlands and Taean IGCC in Korea. These combustion characteristics were observed by conducting ambient-pressure elevated-temperature combustion tests in GE7EA model combustor when varying heat input and nitrogen dilution ratio. Flame stability map is plotted according to the flame structure by dividing all regimes into six, and only regime I and II are identified to be stable. Both syngases of Taean and Buggenum with nitrogen integration corresponds to regime II in which syngas burnt stably and flame coupled with outer recirculation flow. Stable regime of Buggenum is larger than that of Taean when considering only /CO ratio due to higher content of hydrogen. However, when considering nitrogen dilution, syngas of Taean is burnt more stably than that of Buggenum since more nitrogen in Buggenum has negative effect on the stability of flame.


Pertussis is a truly unique contagious respiratory disease [1–4]. It is mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis, but similar cough illnesses can be caused by B. parapertussis in young children and B. holmesii in adolescents and adults. (The remainder of this communication will be restricted to B. pertussis infection and illness.) Illness due to B. pertussis has a number of characteristics that differentiate it from all other severe respiratory illnesses [1–4]. The basic illness is noninflammatory in nature and occurs without significant fever. Mortality is greater in girls than in boys. The characteristic, nonproductive paroxysmal cough followed by periods of total respiratory normalcy is different from all other infectious cough illnesses. Concomitant respiratory viral infections and secondary bacterial infections that include fever and other manifestations of inflammation have over the years led to confusion as to the fundamental illness caused by B. pertussis. Neither B. pertussis infection or pertussis vaccination elicit longlasting immunity [1,4]. Infection and illness repeatedly occur in all ages throughout life. In the prevaccine era, pertussis morbidity and mortality was staggering. Vaccines (killed whole organisms—DTwP) were developed in the 1930s, and their subsequent use beginning in the late 1940s resulted in a 157-fold decrease in the pertussis attack rate [1,4]. Because DTwP vaccines contained endotoxin, their use was associated with considerable side effects. Technology of the 1970s and 1980s enabled the production of acellular vaccines (DTaP) that were less reactogenic because of the removal of endotoxin. These DTaP vaccines only contained a small number of antigens in comparison with DTwP vaccines. DTaP vaccines were put into universal use in the United States in the late 1990s.


The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) and the UK Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) jointly hosted a workshop in November 2022 on Advancing multisectoral and life-course approaches in mental health research and have produced a proceedings report capturing the deliberations and recommendations. The outcomes of the workshop were discussed at the ASSAf/AMS roundtable as part of the SA Mental Health Conference. The need for multisectoral and interdisciplinary approaches to research aimed at improving the mental health and wellbeing of citizens in Africa was highlighted. The Roundtable session provided an important opportunity to network and discuss the research that would best achieve this. The purpose of the Roundtable was to share the findings of the ASSAf/AMS proceedings report (November 2022), to deliberate on the key findings of this report as they pertain to the current state of mental health research in South Africa, to identify challenges, and to determine key stakeholders needed to address these challenges. It also aimed to encourage debate with delegates on practical ways to translate available research findings into action which improve the lives of citizens across the region.


The aim of this research contribution is to frame innovative pedagogical paths for school-age students through experimental programs implemented in non-formal educational contexts, such as motor and sports activities. In this regard, an experimental project; through sports activities, it involves both the implementation of an educational growth protocol and a shared development of an evaluation grid between students and teachers. The results allow us highlighting the way in which, through motor and sports education (even if practiced in extra-curricular contexts), it is possible to make the formative growth of school-age children more efficient, and to develop in them a series of pedagogical and educational values that are indispensable for correctly and completely building the individual.


Efficiency analysis of application of the machine independent programme for identification of critical degree of acute pneumonia on 41 patients is presented. The following benefits as perception visibility of the monitoring results, decrease of the "error omission", possibilities to prognosis the course of the disease were exposed.


In order to increase the university students'health consciousness and the whole quality continuously,probing into the new way of thinking and the new mode on the body and health education course systems in colleges and universities, adopting the scientific research methods of the questionnaire, investigation,document materials,mathematical statistics and so on we could come to the conclusion: It can availably solve the insufficiency of health education to implement the club type interactive teaching and check modes of the integral whole inside and outside class. Establishing life long athletics viewpoint bassed on humanism. It can provide the way of thinking methods and contents for the whole reform and continuous development in the 21st century at colleges and universities of our country.


This report describes fourteen energy factors that could affect electricity markets in the future (demand, process, source mix, etc.). These fourteen factors are believed to have the most influence on the State� s energy environment. A base case, or most probable, characterization is given for each of these fourteen factors over a twenty year time horizon. The base case characterization is derived from quantitative and qualitative information provided by State of California government agencies, where possible. Federal government databases are nsed where needed to supplement the California data. It is envisioned that a initial selection of issue areas will be based upon an evaluation of them under base case conditions. For most of the fourteen factors, the report identities possible perturbations from base case values or assumptions that may be used to construct additional scenarios. Only those perturbations that are plausible and would have a significant effect on energy markets are included in the table. The fourteen factors and potential perturbations of the factors are listed in Table 1.1. These perturbations can be combined to generate internally consist.ent. combinations of perturbations relative to the base case. For example, a low natural gas price perturbation should be combined with a high natural gas demand perturbation. The factor perturbations are based upon alternative quantitative forecasts provided by other institutions (the Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration in some cases), changes in assumptions that drive the quantitative forecasts, or changes in assumptions about the structure of the California energy markets. The perturbations are intended to be used for a qualitative reexamination of issue areas after an initial evaluation under the base case. The perturbation information would be used as a �tiebreaker;� to make decisions regarding those issue areas that were marginally accepted or rejected under the base case. Hf a quantitative scoring system for issue areas were applied under the base case, a tractable quantitative decision model incorporating scenarios and their likelihoods could be developed and appli& in the decision process. LLNL has developed four perturbation scenarios that address the following issues: l} low economic growth, 2) high natural gas prices, 3) dysfunctional markets, and 4) a preference for green power. We have proposed a plausible scenario that addresses each issue for discussion and consideration by the CEC. In addition, we have provided an example application of the four perturbation scenarios in a qualitative framework for evaluation of issue areas developed for the PIEPC program. A description of each of the perturbation scenarios and a discussion of how they could effect decisions about today� s R&D funding is included. The scenarios attempt to cover a broad spectrum of plausible outcomes in a deregulated market environment. Nowever, Vhey are not a comprehensive and rigorously defined list of the most probable scenarios, but rather a qualitative inference based upon knowledge and expertise in the energy field.


The aim of this paper was to investigate the concept of resilience by studying texts published in the field of psychoanalysis (over a ten-year period). Through a systematic review of articles published between 2004 and 2014, using descriptors in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Five data bases were searched, namely Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, BVS Index Psi and PsycInfo. We gathered 280 published items, including articles, papers, reviews and other types of material. After exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for analysis. The majority of the analysed articles were theoretical reviews. The concept of resilience in Psychoanalysis tends to be related to other concepts (e.g. trauma and violence). By itself it indicates an ability that was built fundamentally in through relationships: between subjects, and between subjects and their environments. The studies agree on the notion of resilience as a process that goes beyond simple adaptation. It is in fact an ability to survive, related to intra-psychic capabilities and early emotional experiences. In this respect, resilience emerges as a characteristic that is closely related to the social context of the subject. In fact, it develops from and within this context.


The purpose of this research is the model of forecasting rainfall using spectral analysis method. To obtain complete information on characteristics of time series data we need to examine periodicity of the data. Examining the periodicity of time series data in the frequency domain is called spectral analysis. The results of spectral analysis show that periodogram is clearly dominated by a very large peak at frequency . This frequency corresponds to period of 12 cycle per month. Based on the results of analysis of time series data rainfall is SARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,1) 12 where the model can be written as The result indicates minimum rainfall happen in January and maximum rainfall happen in August.


We generated a monoclonal antibody (MAb), H8.98, that recognizes an antigen shared by 50% of examined renal carcinoma cell (RCC) lines and is susceptible to lysis by a Vγ3Vδ1+ T‐cell clone derived from RCC tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. H8.98 inhibited Vγ3Vδ1+ T‐cell clone–mediated lysis of RCC lines. It did not stain normal kidney lines, melanomas, fibroblasts, Burkitt's lymphoma or Epstein‐Barr virus–transformed B‐cell lines but it did stain 2 of 4 tested breast cancer lines. Through screening of a renal carcinoma cDNA library using H8.98, we isolated a cDNA clone which, upon sequencing, was found to be cytochrome b with 2 point mutations. Int. J. Cancer 82:562–568, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


There is an increasing concern with Cr(Ⅵ)control due to the fact that it is the most strict control pollutant in industrial wastewater.Organic bentonite was modified by ferric trichloride(OBF)and the adsorption mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)was studied by microbial flocculant(MBF)and OBF.This research will provide the basis for the application of microbial flocculant and some materials modified by hydrolysis salts in practice.The aim of this paper is to analyze the adsorption mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)from simulated wastewater by using OBF and MBF together.The results showed that the optimum quality ratio of organic bentonite and six water ferric trichlorides was 10∶1,the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ)was 97.15% when 0.1g OBF was added in 50mL Cr(Ⅵ)solution(20mg/L);the Cr(Ⅵ)removal of modified bentonite decreased with increasing[OH1-]/[1/3Fe3+](mole/mole);the floc was easily separated from the solution because it was dense and stable,but microbial flocculant colud not improve Cr(Ⅵ)removal of OBF and result in the dcrease of removal;the inhibition of microbial flocculant increased with the duration of exposure and showed a strong linear relationship between them:y=-0.0404x+0.936(R2=0.9678),the adsorption kinetics of Cr(Ⅵ)by OBF and MBF together followed the pseudo-second kinetics equation:t/qt=0.1355t-0.0831(R2= 0.9979);adding the solution of FeCl3 and MBF before adding OBF could improve Cr(Ⅵ)removal.Hydroxyl iron from hydrolysis of FeCl3 can replace some cations in the organic bentonite which would cause the surface of organic bentonite to be charged positively,thus increasing the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ).MBF can aggregate OBF which has adsorbed Cr(Ⅵ)through functional groups and viscosity.This study will provide the technological support to and the theoretical basis for treatment of low concentration solution of Cr(Ⅵ).


In this last part of our discussion on patient adherence, Dermatology Times editorial adviser, Elaine Siegfried, M.D., continues the discussion with Steven Feldman, M.D., on assessing adherence and intervening to encourage the best possible treatment outcomes.


The term "Tibet Li corridor" meant "the region of minority formed in history" and referred to the areas west of the Sichuan and Yunnan and east of Tibet.As corridor of nations exoduses,the region of cultural amasses with individual features was the outcome of long historical development,which influenced the main nations in northwest of China and their culture struccome of historical development tures.Since most of the people in the corridor used either Tibetan or Li language,Fei Xiaotong,outstanding sociologist named the region "Tibet Li Corridor".That using the language to distinguish the nations is an important method to classify the nations;it also works on the branch of ethnomusicology.Because of geographical environment precipitous,that district is very hard to get to,so that the developing of music dance there very slowly,in almost originality state: the trinity of song,dance and music fulfilled simultaneously a certain social function.Hence,to introduce the "Tibet Li corridor" of the ethnology idea into the research of ethnomusicology,not only to widen the objective research outlook,but also an activity lessons for the cultural perspective of ethnomusicology.


Recent development of the Secure Transportable Autonomous Reactor-Liquid Metal (STAR-LM) lead-cooled natural circulation fast reactor (LFR) has been directed at coupling to an advanced power conversion system that utilizes a gas turbine Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2 ) as the working fluid. A key ingredient in achieving a coupled plant having a high efficiency are the modular lead-to-CO2 heat exchangers that must fit within the available volume inside the reactor vessel and must heat the S-CO2 to a high temperature. Thermal hydraulic performance and feasibility of seven different heat exchanger concepts has been investigated with respect to the achievement of a suitably high Brayton cycle efficiency for the coupled LFR-S-CO2 plant. The relative merits of the different heat exchanger configurations are revealed by the analysis which provides a basis to select the most promising concepts for further development.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The growing environmental concerns and demanding machining processes requiring operations at extreme temperatures has encouraged the development of novel tribological coatings with self-lubricating capability. In recent years, various self-lubricating coatings have been developed by combining hard and wear resistant binary or ternary coatings (such as TiN, TiAlN, CrN, CrAlN, YSZ) with specific elements (e.g. Ag, V) that reduce friction by diffusing to the surface and/or forming a low friction tribolayer on the wear surface. Despite the improvement in friction and wear resistance, the quick depletion of the lubricious specie from the coating system by rapid out diffusion and consequently loss of improved tribological behavior delayed their upscaling to the industry. The aim of this work is to control the diffusion of the lubricious metal (V – which is known to provide lubrication at high temperatures by forming easy shearing V2O5) by using a dual phase nanocomposite coating system (nanocrystalline TiN grains embedded in Si-N matrix) with one of the phases (Si-N) acting as a diffusion barrier. TiSi(V)N coatings with different vanadium content were deposited by DOMS. The oxidation behavior of coatings was studied by thermogravimetry (TGA). Bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy STEM/EDX maps and elemental profiles along the cross section of the oxidized coatings were acquired to understand the kinetics of ions diffusion and oxide scale growth. Tribological behaviour of coatings was characterized in a high temperature tribometer. After wear tests, the wear tracks and wear debris were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. Oxidation resistance of the coatings decreased with V additions. Tribological tests showed that friction and wear rate of coatings decreased progressively with increasing vanadium content.


Non destructive testing has achieved an important place in the Quality Assurance of hardened concrete and the evaluation of existing concrete structure with regard to their strength & durability. Ultrasonic scanning is a recognized non-destructive evaluation test to qualitatively asses the homogeneity and integrity of concrete. This project entailed design and testing of an indoor quadrotor UAV capable of autonomous take-off, landing, and path finding for ultrasonic pulse velocity. The propulsion system produces 1500g of thrust at 46% throttle using 7" propellers, minimizing craft size, but allowing for sufficient payload to carry a LIDAR, a CMOS camera, and rangefinders and ultrasonic pulse velocity equipment. These sensors are interfaced to an Overo processor, which sends high-level commands to a low-level flight controller, the HoverflyPro. Flight tests were conducted which demonstrated flight control and sensor operation for ultra sonic pulse velocity testing .This simplifies the design and maintenance of the vehicle. This reduces the damage caused should the rotors hit anything.


The paper deals with the problems of characterization of simple graphical partitions belonging to the solid graphs, i.e. graphs, in which there are no four of vertices such that it is possible some shift of edges incidental to them and with characterization of the one class of steady graphs too. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the partition belonging to the solid graph have been established.


In the scenario of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), the angle and the height at which the UAV observes the object cause partial occlusion, deformation, and size changing of object image. Based on the Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) algorithm, this paper proposes a new tracking algorithm DCF-GA (Discriminative Correlation Filter with Generation of Adversarial example) to achieve anti-occlusion in the scenario of UAV. Firstly, we design a mask selection strategy to generate the adversarial example with occlusion, which can enhance the antiocclusion performance of our algorithm. The response losses of DCF reveal the impacts of adversaries so that they are used to select an appropriate mask. And then, we provide an optimization scheme of object feature selection based on the singular values extracted from histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature and convolutional neural network (CNN) feature respectively. Moreover, to overcome the scale changes of the object image, a multidimensional templates set is proposed and the best one is determined by the maximum of their DCF responses. Finally, we add the background patches around the region of interest (ROI) into the sample set to suppress the background clutter. The tracking algorithm we proposed in this paper is compared with some other algorithms in both the UAV video sequence and the OTB dataset. The experimental results show that our DCF-GA algorithm is effective when the object is partially occluded and when the size of object image changes.


Medical grade propylene–ethylene (P–E) copolymer was irradiated by gamma rays. The radicals generated in the irradiated P–E copolymer were identified by using electron spin resonance (ESR) technique and the structural changes in the polymer were monitored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ESR spectra were analysed with computer simulations. The ESR studies show the formation of macro (∼CH2–ĊH–CH2∼), peroxy (POO˙), methyl and acyl (R–Ċ=O) radicals and the asymmetric doublet, characteristic of peroxy radicals in the case of the sample irradiated at low dose (1 Mrad) and high doses (30 and 40 Mrad), respectively. The FTIR spectra of irradiated P–E copolymer indicate an increase in the concentration of peroxide groups. The absorption bands of –C=O and –OH groups were increased and the decline in the intensity of –CH3 group absorption band is reported.


Laser beam welding has found its application in the aircraft industry for the fabrication of fuselage panels in a T-joint configuration. However, the inconveniences like distortions and residual stresses are inevitable consequences of welding. The effort is made in this work to experimentally measure and numerically simulate the distortions induced by laser beam welding of a T-joint with industrially used thermal and mechanical boundary conditions on the thin sheets of aluminium 6056-T4. Several small scale experiments were carried out with various instrumentations to establish a database necessary to verify the simulation results. Finite element (FE) simulation is performed with Abaqus and the conical heat source is programmed in FORTRAN. Heat transfer analysis is performed to achieve the required weld pool geometry and temperature fields. Mechanical analysis is then performed with industrial loading and boundary conditions so as to predict the distortion and the residual stress pattern. A good agreement is found amongst the experimental and simulation results.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


In recent years a decline in the rate of increase in male lung cancer mortality has led some observers to predict that this disease epidemic will soon peak and then ebb. This prediction is based on...


In this paper, we employ a 77GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar to achieve hand gesture recognition based on a three-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) with fine-tuning. Firstly, the FMCW MIMO radar is utilized to capture the hand gesture data that are the fast-time-slow-time-antenna 3 dimension (3D) data. Then, by applying the discretize Fourier transform (DFT) to the fast-time and slow-time, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) approach to the antenna dimension, and the multi-frame accumulation, the range-Doppler-angle temporal signatures can be extracted from the captured data. In order to exploit the temporal and spatial correlations of the hand motions, we construct a three-branch CNN to self-learn the hand gesture signatures from the range, Doppler and angle dimension, respectively, and to recognize 9 hand gestures. The fine-tuning approach is proposed to improve the robustness of the proposed network in recognizing an untrained person's hand gestures. After the fine-tuning, the experiment results show that the proposed approach can recognize 9 hand gestures of all trained persons with an average accuracy over 96% and an untrained person with an average accuracy over 96%.


Power converters with free-running current-mode control (hysteretic, constant-"off"- time, or constant-"on"-time) can be frequency-stabilized or can be synchronized to a reference frequency. Those can by accomplished by feedforward, feedback, or phase-locking techniques. With hysteretic control, the frequency is controlled by varying the current hysteresis. With constant-"off"-time or constant-"on"-time control, the frequency is controlled by varying the "off" time or the "on" time, respectively. We consider all possible methods of frequency stabilization and synchronization for the three types of free-running current-mode control, used with the three basic types of power converters (buck, boost, and buck-boost). We give analyses and practical design information for the most-important combinations, and experimental data for a buck converter with constant-"off"-time control and feed-forward frequency stabilization.


Drinking coffee was, in European space, as similar to Arab countries, initially understood as a medication for various troubles, only later did new forms of social life at homes come about, along with drinking coffee - specialized catering facilities - coffee houses. They experienced the greatest growth in Slovenia in the beginning of the 20th century, when many elite coffee houses appeared, following the Vienna model. Coffee houses were not only facilities for enjoying coffee - the 'wine of the Arab world', but also a significant factor of social and cultural life. By their inclination and by visitors, they were divided into liberally and clerically oriented ones, as well as into those frequented by Germans and the pro-German inclined in contrast to the Slovenian, i.e. pro-Yugoslav inclined. In spite of the seeming openness and tolerant atmosphere in coffee houses, we may conclude that Maribor coffee houses before World War II were primarily points of association for the social elite.


Commercial advertising is relatively new in Vietnam, having been reintroduced only after reform began, and policy has been erratic. Much initial criticism seems to be based on the fact that foreign companies are usually better at it than local companies, and thus gain market share. However, one aim in opening the economy is knowledge transfer, so local managers should be learning more about modern advertising if they work in foreign companies. This research looks at how Vietnamese managers in local and foreign consumer products companies view various elements of advertising. The pattern of views about specific elements indicates that Vietnamese managers working in foreign companies are learning current ideas about how to construct effective ads more rapidly. Relative to the managers in local firms, they are somewhat less concerned about information content, and more concerned with elements of execution style.


Anthropophagic Queer: A Study on Abjected Bodies and Brazilian Queer Theory in Literature and Film by João Nemi Neto Advisor: Paul Julian Smith This project analyzes contemporary Brazilian literature and film in order to discuss queer theory and its ability to resonate with, and bring to light, specifically Brazilian concerns. The main argument of this dissertation is that, on one hand, such ideas and theories may change local perspectives; and that, on the other, they are themselves changed by local contexts. Therefore my analysis focuses on the representation of same-sex desire in Brazil throughout the 20 century and a reading of queer theory with a Brazilian perspective in mind. In order to do that, I use the concept of Antropofagia. Anthropophagy was a seminal Brazilian cultural movement that, through the works of artists such as Oswald de Andrade Tarsila do Amaral and Flávio de Carvalho, proposed cultural and metaphorical cannibalism, putting together European avant-garde ideas with Brazilian traditions yet aiming to produce something entirely new. My anthropophagic queer reading also appeals to the notion of the abject as formulated by Julia Kristeva and later examined by Leo Bersani, Michael Warner and Judith Butler and to the space in-between, a concept formulated by Silviano Santiago.


Functional food cryoprotectants such as trehalose and lactitol were selected to combine with traditional commercial cryoprotectants to prepare low-sweetness,low-calorie and economic composite cryoprotectants.Orthogonal tests were applied to explore the effects of composite cryoprotectant compositions on whiteness,water-holding capacity(WHC),gel strength and salt-soluble protein content.The results indicated the optimal formula of composite cryoprotectant was 4% trehalose,1% sucrose,2% sorbierite and 3% lactitol.The sweetness of new cryoprotectant was lower than that of commercial cryoprotectants,and revealed better cryoprotective effect.


What has been the main model of the agri‐environmental policy in Finland, and what kinds of interests has the policy promoted? Answers can be suggested by identifying political and cultural factors which have effects on the agricultural pollution issue, and by adopting a policy network approach using the concepts of policy community and issue network. On the one hand, the main model of the Finnish agri‐environmental policy has been stable. This is primarily explained by the strength of agricultural interests in the Finnish society. On the other hand, there are signs of the emergence of ecology in Finnish agriculture. Ecological discourses have spread rapidly to agricultural policies, and there is also an increasing agreement that agriculture should be paid for ecological services. These new policy elements are linked especially to Finnish membership in the European Union. Thus, the primary force, which has promoted environmental protection in Finnish agriculture, has mainly been economic. However, additio...


Large temperature gradients and proximity to the soil–air interface affect the measurement accuracy of thermal properties with the heat-pulse probe (HPP). The objective of this study is to improve the HPP methodology for measuring soil heat capacity (C) and thermal conductivity (l) in the surface soil layer by reducing the effects of ambient temperature variation and the soil–air interface. Thermal properties of eight soil layers (0–6, 2–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24, 24–30, 30–36, and 36–42 mm) were measured with the HPP in a loamy sand soil in two experiments with varying moisture conditions. Results were compared with values estimated with the de Vries models. Temperature drift caused by natural warming and cooling was removed from the observed trend of ambient temperature change with time. The influence of the soil–air interface was taken into account with a new solution using pulsed infinite line source theory with adiabatic boundary conditions. When ambient temperature change was considered, the HPP were capable of providing reasonable thermal property results at soil depths greater than 6 mm. For the 0- to 6-mm depth layer, the HPP signals were affected simultaneously by ambient temperature drift and the soil-air interface, and mixed scenarios were produced. Around midday, the HPP temperature by time curves were distorted so seriously that the effect of ambient temperature drift could not be removed. At other times, large errors were observed in the estimated C and l data, even when ambient temperature drift was removed. When the effect of the soil–air interface was accounted for, however, C and l measurement accuracies in the 0- to 6-mm layer were improved significantly. The RMSE of C was reduced from 0.43 MJ m −3 °C −1 to 0.29 MJ m −3 °C −1 in Exp. 1, and from 0.52 MJ m −3 °C −1 to 0.34 MJ m −3 °C −1 in Exp. 2. Significant error reduction was also observed in l measurements. Thus, to obtain accurate field measurements of shallow soil thermal properties, the ambient temperature drift and the impact of the soil–air interface must be properly taken into account.


This thesis reports on the setup of a photoionisation system for 40Ca consisting of a frequencydoubled system to generate 422 nm light and a laser diode to provide 377 nm light. Of special interest is the frequency doubling system to generate the second harmonic power at 422 nm wavelength, as the commercial shortage of diodes at this wavelength necessitated alternative solutions. The full functionality of the setup was tested by the measurement of atomic fluorescence and the trapping of ions in a surface-electrode ion trap at room temperature. The description presented here summarises both the theoretical considerations and experimental work in order to build a setup to photoionise 40Ca, consisting of a frequency-doubled light source generating a second-harmonic wave at 422 nm and a 377 nm laser diode.


The present invention relates to polycarbonates - Preparation of ethers of polyhydric alcohols, characterized by comprising the steps of: 1) aliphatic diols containing 8 or less carbon atoms, polyether polyols and heating the reaction system to the catalyst 90 -100 deg.] C, with stirring, in an inert atmosphere at a constant flow rate of organic carbonate was added thereto, transesterification reaction temperature; after 2) was heated to 160-180 deg.] C, addition of 8 or less carbon atoms to which again aliphatic dicarboxylic alcohol, the reaction temperature; 3) under reduced pressure to a constant temperature after the polycondensation -0.085 to -0.09 MPa, i.e., too. Based on the polycarbonate - oil polyurethane elastomer prepared with a polyol ether diisocyanate, and the like of the reaction, is excellent in low-temperature resistance ability, it can broaden the field of application of the polycarbonate type polyurethane elastomer.


Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion. Methods Clinical data of 18 cases of testicular torsion were analysed retrospectively.Mean age of the patients was 23 years ( range,12 to 70 years ),with 83% of which occurring in patients younger than 25 years of age and being in the left side.The lapse of time from onset to a definite diagnosis has been 5 h~40 days,with 89% 10 h. Results 15 patients had been misdiagnosed as epididymis orchitis or acute abdomen and undergone orchiectomy because of necrosis of the testicles,including 11 cases of intrascrotal torsion (testicular torsion in scrotum with an orchiectomy rate of 79%) and 4 cases of cryptorchidism with torsion.3 cases scrotal orchidopexy has been performed and during the follow up ( 6~36 months) the testicle in 2 of which appeared viable and normal while testicular atrophy has been observed in 1.In recent years 11 adolescents underwent exploration because of acute scrotal pain,7 cases being testicular torsion and 4 acute epididymitis. Conclusions It is emphasized that in younger patients suffering suddenly from pain in scrotum, especially occurring at night,the diagnosis of testicular torsion should be considered.Differentiating cryptorchidism with torsion from incarcerated hernia or acute abdomen,testicular torsion in scrotum from acute testitis and epididymitis should be serious considered.In order to save the testicle with early surgical exploration orchidopexy might be mandatory to aviod recurrence.


The utility model discloses a flue gas oxygen content control system of a gas boiler, which comprises a PLC, a fan frequency converter and a blower sequentially electrically connected via conductors, wherein the blower conveys air into a boiler via a boiler burner, the air inlet end of the boiler burner is connected with a gas flow transmitter connected with an air source, the control end of the gas flow transmitter is connected with the PLC, the boiler burner is also provided with an air inlet door opening detection device, and the air inlet door opening detection device is connected with the PLC. The utility model can save electricity and fuel, the maintenance amount is small, and the system can automatically, stably and efficiently operates, and can greatly reduce labor intensity.


In this paper we present a new method to solve the inversion of 1-D wav?equation for seismic exploration. This method is based on the principle of pulse variation given by Ref. 5 and is more efficient than the one given by Refs.3-4 Some examples show its feasibility.


Electron currents resulting from associative‐detachment processes involving O– ions have been observed in a drift tube containing mixtures of oxygen and either hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or nitric oxide. The associative‐detachment rate coefficients are obtained from analyses of the electron current waveforms. The results indicate that the associative detachment proceeds by a two‐body process. The observed rate coefficients are consistent with results obtained from studies of O– destruction using mass spectrometric techniques. Associative detachment rate coefficients of 2.2, 6.5, and 7.5 × 10− 10 cm3 sec− 1 have been measured at near‐thermal ion energies for the O– + NO, O– + CO, and the O– + H2 reactions, respectively. The average energy of the O– ions ranged from thermal up to 0.16 eV. A search for a reaction between O2– and CO was unsuccessful indicating that the rate coefficient of this reaction is less than 10− 14 cm3 sec− 1.


Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a significant impact on patients' quality of life, and community pharmacists may be able to help improve asthma control.1–3 Less is known about the impact of pharmacists' interventions on COPD outcomes.4


Objective This study was designed to investigate the influence of NGF on the apoptosis of neurons and infract volumes in expremiental cerebral infarction. Methods NGF was injected intraperitoneally following permanent MCAO of rats once a day. Apoptosis of neurons was evaluated by staining of TUNEL and infract volumes was detected by TTC staining. Results In rats treated with NGF,the number of the apoptosis of neurons was reduced significantly in comparison with sham group. In addition,NGF also reduced infract volumes. Conclusion NGF inhibits the apoptosis of neurons after stroke and mitigates the severity of brain damage.


Abstract The following is the edited version of an exchange that took place in 2013 between Renia Lopez-Ozieblo and David McNeill on McNeill's paper Gesture – Speech Unity – What it is, where it comes from(in this volume) and his 2012 book How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Human Evolution. The exchange began as a series of questions on the synchronicity of gesture and speech in the Growth Point (GP). This led to some basic questions on the GP itself and Mead's Loop. The GP is created through the translation of our experiences (embodiment) as a combination of gesture and speech that allow us to capture, describe and transmit those experiences as thoughts.


We review the basics physics of nova atmospheres and discuss the physics that has to be included for detailed models of their early spectra. We also present NLTE calculations for model atmospheres of novae during outburst. This fully self‐consistent NLTE treatment for a number of model atoms includes > 5000 NLTE levels and > 57000 NLTE primary transitions. We discuss the implication of departures from LTE for the strengths of the lines in nova spectra. The new results show that our large set of NLTE lines constitute the majority of the total line blanketing opacity in nova atmospheres. Although we include LTE background lines, their effects are small on the model structures and on the synthetic spectra. We demonstrate that the assumption of LTE leads to incorrect synthetic spectra and that NLTE calculations are required for reliably modeling nova spectra. In addition, we show that detailed NLTE treatment for a number of ionization stages of iron changes the results of previous calculations and improves th...


Abstract A straight, vertical post-aural incision for the 'Cochlear' multichannel cochlear implants has been evaluated in 52 patients (20 adults and 32 children). Nineteen of the children were under three years of age and five of these were under two years of age. The 7cm long incision is placed approximately 3 mm behind the post-auricular crease and runs from the tip of the mastoid to a point 3 cm above the superior attachment of the pinna. The incision heals within several days. Because the incision is straight interruption of the blood supply to the flaps raised is the least possible. This also minimizes the possiblity of scalp necrosis and impaltn exrusion. The likelihood of infection is reduced by the small size of the incision, minimal soft tissue dissection and small amount of dead space. Rapid healing has occurred in all cases despite infection in one.


In 27 patients with cleft palate and pseudoprogeny the osteotomy according to Le Fort I and in 7 patients the accessory oblique osteotomy were performed. The phoniatric evaluations as well as the palatal and linguographic examinations proved the amelioration of the articulation in the second zone. The dental occlusions were also better as well as the speech intelligibility.


In this modern day world, people all are connected and depended on internet. People also prefer automation when compared to manual in both industry and domestic domains, however nowadays home automation tech has reached out so many families all over the world making them feel ease at monitoring and controlling home appliances. In this paper, this home automation device monitors and controls various applications in a domestic home using Arduino UNO. The device is equipped with user-friendly mobile application to control the appliances. Various applications are integrated by internet of things (IoT) with the Wi-Fi module ESP8266 and programmed on Arduino IDE as the output will be displayed on LCD.


A new disc-shaped highly symmetric C 54 H 20 nanographene fragment, tetrabenzocircumpyrene, has been synthesized and characterized by scanning tunnelling microscopy, demonstrating the potential of this technique for identifying highly insoluble graphenic molecules. Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have recently attracted much attention due to their unique electronic and self-assembly properties, which provide a wide range of opportunities for the fabrication of novel devices. 1 One of the challenges in this area is the development of efficient synthetic methodologies for the preparation of well-defined sections of graphene (nanographenes). In this regard, novel organic protocols have been developed, although they are always limited by the low solubility of planar aromatic molecules and the number of side reactions that may take place, which increase with the molecular weight. 2 Disc-shaped molecules are of particular interest since they are able to self-organize into columnar phases and therefore can be used as conducting layers in organic molecular electronics. 3 One of the most extensively studied discotic PAH is hexa-peri-benzocoronene (HBC), also known as 'superbenzene', owing to its intrinsic charge-carrier ability. 4 It is predictable that enlarging the aromatic framework would enhance the columnar order due to more intense p–p interactions and, consequently, charge mobility. The stacking of PAHs as prototypes for graphene multilayers has been theoretically studied, finding that the binding energies strongly depend on the size of the PAHs. 5 On the other hand, there is growing interest in acene-based molecules such as periacenes, which are conjugated systems with two rows of peri-fused acenes. 6 These compounds might serve as biradical materials, and are believed to be suitable materials for spintronic, electronic, optical, and magnetic devices. Small periacenes have been known for a long time, and recently larger analogues such as teranthene and quarteranthene have been described. 7 However, the synthesis of large periacenes such as peritetracene or peripentacene has not been achieved yet, 8 although peripentacene has been detected by sublimation of pentacene by mass spectrometry. 9 Motivated by its promising properties, we targeted tetrabenzo-circumpyrene 1a, a yet unreported highly symmetric disc-shaped nanographene fragment containing 54 carbon atoms. Polyarene 1a includes a peripentacene core and can be considered as a 'expanded HBC' (Fig. 1). According to that expected, 10,11 DFT calculations predicted a ca. 30% decrease in the HOMO–LUMO gap in going from HBC (3.59 eV) to tetrabenzocircumpyrene 1a (2.45 eV). Our retrosynthetic approach for the synthesis of 1a considers the formation …


This paper expounds the importance of open-shelf book-borrowing in the library of higher vocational college, analyzes the problems occurring often in open-shelf book-borrowing, and advances some measures for improving the management of open-shelf book-borrowing.


This contribution presents an approach combining the stamping numerical processing simulations and structure analysis in order to improve the design for optimizing the tool fatigue life. The method consists in simulating the stamping process via AutoForm® (or any FEM Code) by considering the tool as a perfect rigid body. The estimated contact pressure is then used as boundary condition for FEM structure loading analysis. The result of this analysis is used for life prediction of the tool using S‐N fatigue curve. If the prescribed tool life requirements are not satisfied, then the critical region of the tool is redesigned and the whole simulation procedures are reactivated. This optimization method is applied for a cast iron EN‐GJS‐600‐3 as candidate stamping tool materiel. The room temperature fatigue S‐N curves of this alloy are established in laboratory under uniaxial push/pull cyclic experiments on cylindrical specimens under a load ratio of R (σmin/σmax) = −2.


In physical education courses, how to learn sports has to be developed, along with movement skills and physical fitness. This competence would depend greatly upon attitudes toward the physical education courses.The present study was desingned to compare successful classes with unsuccessful classes, evaluated by the attitude measurement. Using our physical education inventory, the attitudes were measured for 2nd grade children, who constituted five classes in some elementary schools, twice on May and July in 1979. After first measurement, all the sounds of teaching and learning behavior on successive three lessons were tape-recorded each of five classes, respectively. In addition, all the class teachers were requested to draw up the teaching sheets on above the three lessons. The result obtained through the attitude measurement were discussed in relation to the analysis of the recorded tapes and the teaching sheets.In two classes named successful classes, the attitude score increased, particularlly in the score of four items; "refreshingness obtained from physical activities", "the mental set toward effort exercise", "a habit of effort" and "enjoyment of learning". In the other unsuccessful classes, considerable decreases were discernible in the score of six items; "pleasure for the physical education courses", "refreshingness obtained from physical activities", "lesson presentation", "impression on the physicaleducation courses", "sharing pleasure among friends" and "likes and dislikes to physical education courses". Results obtained from analysis of teaching and learning behavior showed that the successful classes were instructed under a problem-solving method in sub-groups and the other classes instructed under a systematic sequence in whole-class learning. The activities of instruction in the successful classes were characterized by searching heuristic questions about skillful development and rules of games. In the unsuccessful classes, however, teacher's directions on movement patterns were emphasized.From these results were concluded that the attitude score might show teaching and learning behavior in learning process.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the action mechanism of total flavonoids fromEpimedii Folium(EF)combined with pirarubicin(THP)on osteosarcoma cells MG-63 in vitro.METHODS Four groups were set:blank control group,EF group,THP group and combination group.Cell morphologies of each group were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope.Cell inhibition rates of different concentrations were measured by CCK-8.The combination index(CI)of the two drugs was calculated and their interactions were analyzed.Cell apoptosis rates of each group were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry.Expressions of Caspase-3 and P21 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR and expressions of caspase-3 and p21 protein by Western blotting.RESULTS Experiment groups presented apoptosis states in different degrees.Cell proliferation inhibition rates of single drug groups increased as the drug concentration increased.Cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis rate of combination group were significantly higher than the single drug groups.CI stayed at 0.374-0.770 when combination group inhibition rate at 10%-90%.Both EF and THP could upregulate the expressions of Caspase-3,P21 mRNA and Caspase-3,p21 protein.The joint upregulation trend was more evident.CONCLUSION EF and THP can inhibit osteosarcoma MG-63 cell activity significantly and induce cell apoptosis,and combination of the two drugs shows synergistic effects.


itkConnectedComponentFunctorImageFilter is a generic connected components filter that operates on any N-dimensional image type with the "functor" defining what mechanism to use to join two neighboring pixels


Fourier Analysis of STimulated Echoes (FAST) Meral Reyhan, Hyun Grace Kim, and Daniel B Ennis Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States, Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States


A culvert design procedure is developed, based on the maximum energy design concept, which takes into account detailed planimetric geometry of the transition sections and detailed energy loss calculations. Two models were built using the developed design procedure and tested over a range of flows. The results of the model testing showed energy levels to be very close to those predicted even though critical condition was not achieved throughout the length of the culvert. The advantage of the minimum energy design is illustrated and the procedure validated by the streamlined flow and low energy loss observed through the models.


The excavator consists of three main components:mechanism of vibration,mechanism of drive transmission and mechanism for burrow formation.The working principles and design of these mechanisms are introduced.The excavator possesses the advantages of easy to be used,high quality of burrow formation and low noise.It is suitable for the farming in China.With the application of this excavator,the farming land can be saved and the yield of the crop will be increased.


Land use map, in ESRI shapefile format, displaying the evolution of artificial spaces in Antananarivo agglomeration (Madagascar capital) during 2003 to 2017 period. This map is the result of remote sensing processing of satellite images. Spot5 images acquired on February 14 and July 4, 2003 were used. Access to the images was granted by CNES via the ISIS program. The treatment consisted in using the land use map extracted on the same study zone in 2017 (Cf. reference below) as a mask and checking on the old images the evolution of the built spaces. We tried to measure agricultural areas evolution during the same period but the robustness of the results is not satisfactory because of the difficulty in distinguishing between agricultural and natural areas on 2003 images. Result validation was carried out using a reference database created by photo-interpretation by an independent operator. The overall accuracy of the map is 91.63% and kappa index is 0.88.


development of an FCMC program, beginning with the history, evolution, benefits, opportunities, and challenges of FCMC. The 10 principles of FCMC (Exhibit 1-1 p 2) set the tone by describing the need to change the method of care delivery from professional staff– focused and task–oriented care to a model that revolves around the needs of an individual mother and her family. Dr Phillips compares the traditional care model with the family-centered care model, using numerous aspects of care and behaviors such as philosophy, staff members' attitudes, and environment. Managers and educators will find helpful examples and guidelines for developing programs as well as samples of policies, procedures, guidelines, handouts, and competencybased skills checklists for mother-baby nursing for staff education. Throughout the book are samples that represent some of the American hospitals and maternity centers that have grasped the philosophy of FCMC and have been successful in marketing their programs. Childbirth educators can use the information on standards and curricula for setting up parent education programs. Lactation consultants will find a small sampling of current information on breastfeeding, including samples of clinical policy statements for breastfeeding, policies and procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), kangaroo care, assisting the mother, and providing milk for the infant in a NICU. This book is a great resource for those beginning to prepare for family-centered care, a good review for those who are on their way, and even a tool for determining compliance for those who have been following the program for a while. It is easy to read and follow and contains all the tools, support, and encouragement needed to make this model work in your environment.


This paper describes a flexible and lightweight fabric supercapacitor electrode as a possible energy source in smart garments. We examined the electrochemical behavior of porous carbon materials impregnated into woven cotton and polyester fabrics using a traditional printmaking technique (screen printing). The porous structure of such fabrics makes them attractive for supercapacitor applications that need porous films for ion transfer between electrodes. We used cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study the capacitive behaviour of carbon materials using nontoxic aqueous electrolytes including sodium sulfate and lithium sulfate. Electrodes coated with activated carbon (YP17) and tested at ∼0.25 A·g−1 achieved a high gravimetric and areal capacitance, an average of 85 F·g−1 on cotton lawn and polyester microfiber, both corresponding to ∼0.43 F·cm−2.


In this issue, Kalager and colleagues use data from Norway to estimate that 15% to 25% of breast cancer cases identified on mammography would never have been clinically significant in a woman's lif...