The utility model discloses a back bolt type drilling machine which comprises a rack, a work bench and a cross beam mounted on the rack, a stone slab clamp device, an electric cabinet and a drilling device mounted on the cross beam. The back bolt type drilling machine further comprises a hole expanding device enabling the cross beam to move transversely. The hole expanding device comprises a motor, a reducer, an eccentric shaft and an encoder for controlling rotating cycles of the eccentric shaft, and one end of the eccentric shaft is connected with the cross beam; and the other end of the eccentric shaft is in transmission connection with the reducer driven by the motor. According to the back bolt type drilling machine, machining efficiency is high, and machined back bolt holes have flat bottoms, so that dry-hanging is convenient. Besides, the mode that holes are drilled based on depth, and then rotary drill bits are driven to move transversely is utilized for machining back bolt holes, and the machining mode has small crushing strength to stone slabs, so that stone slabs are not easy to crush during the machining, namely, stone slab machining rate of finished products is high.


In this paper,the theory of electrostatic trap for poplar cold molecules has been first briefly introduced,then we give an brief introduction to the schemes for electrostatic trap so as to trap cold molecules.


A facile optical resolution of recemic 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine (1) was developed using 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-D-(−)-tartaric acid ((+)-DBT) as a resolving agent. The resolution efficiency depends remarkably on the (+)-DBT : 1 ratio. When (+)-DBT and recemic 1 were mixed in methanol–water (9 : 1 v/v) in a 1 : 4 stoichiometry, a crystalline salt consisting of (+)-DBT, (R)-1, methanol, and water in a 1 : 2 : 2 : 2 ratio crystallized preferentially in a fair yield. X-Ray crystallographic analysis showed its highly ordered supramolecular structure: (+)-DBT molecules self-assemble via hydrogen bonding with the aid of water and methanol to form a puckered layer, and stacking of (R)-1 molecules constructs a column which is sandwiched in between the puckered layers. The X-ray crystallographic data reported for the salts that consist of amines and DBT were reinvestigated to reveal that most of the host frameworks derived from DBT have a layer structure similar to the above puckered one.


During the 1970s, poor neighborhoods of New York City lost significant proportions of housing and associated community structure to a policy-driven process of contagious fire and building abandonment. The south Bronx was among the most heavily damaged areas. Here we analyze and compare the interrelationships between socioeconomic factors, housing, demographics, and two health outcomes (low-weight birth rate and homicide rate) in the southwest Bronx and in Upper Manhattan (Harlem, Washington Heights, Inwood), using standard statistical methods as well as the Ives amplification factor employed by ecologists. Upper Manhattan showed much stronger and less 'resilient' relationships between these factors than the southwest Bronx, that is, a system of tight ties which amplifies external perturbations. It indicates vulnerability to impacts such as economic decline, changes in municipal service provision, and 'welfare reform'. We hypothesize that the looser, and more resilient, system of the southwest Bronx and the brittle system of Upper Manhattan arose from their different histories of catastrophic urban decay, a highly 'path dependent' evolutionary process affecting a social system, subjecting it to extreme selection pressures on the underlying social network structure. The difference has profound policy implications.


Abstract : Research and evaluation were conducted to determine if an adaptive maneuvering target could be utilized for air-to-air combat simulation in the Large Amplitude Multimode Aerospace Research Simulator (LAMARS). A computer program was developed, based on Quest Corporation's Smart Target, which enabled the target to make tactical decisions based on aircraft states, make variations in decision parameters corresponding to differences in pilots, and to provide control inputs to fly actual air combat maneuvers. Validation of the simulated target was accomplished by numerous test runs to ensure simulated maneuvers were realistic, and continuity between maneuvers at different pilot skill levels was valid. (Author)


The voltage control in transmission systems at both no-load and loaded conditions as well is possible with the Compensation equipment in general FACTS Controllers. This paper deals with the analysis and mitigation of Ferranti Effect and voltage control in the transmission system with fuzzy logic control of Static Var Compensator (SVC). SVC is a shunt compensation device which is connected in shunt to load bus. Test system is built with transmission lines of both nominal-pi line and distributed line models in the Simulink environment. The fuzzy based closed loop control of SVC is developed with park's and inverted park's transformations. The test system is simulated in the Matlab Simulink environment without and with Fuzzy logic control of SVC. The simulation results have been presented in this article which proves the effectiveness of Fuzzy control of compensator on mitigation of Ferranti effect as well as voltage control is excellent for both no load and loaded conditions.


Service providers are currently seeking to offer high-quality IP video service on single broadband IP network infrastructures, including ADSL and passive optical networks (PON). One of motivation of our work is increasing the bandwidth utilization efficiency of video data delivery to home subscribers and reducing the channel zapping time. We propose a high-definition IPTV broadcasting architecture over GPON that can provide 100 HDTV channel over fiber lines in this paper consisting of a Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON), IPTV terminals, an IP broadcasting server, and an IP broadcasting management server. We adapt the optical broadcast nature of a GPON to IP multicast networks to effectively broadcast video content to home subscribers. We develop IPTV channel selection mechanism in the GPON ONT by selecting a multicast stream at a subscriber's home that can achieve a 10-msec IPTV channel selection speed.


Adult male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were starved for 48 or 60 h and then refed for either 24 or 48 h. Weight and lipid content of carcass and livers were determined, as was the lipid content of plasma. In addition, the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 18.104.22.168; CBX), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), ATP citrate lyase (EC 184.108.40.206; CCE) and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP) (EC 188.8.131.52; ME) were assayed in liver and in abdominal and neck adipose tissues (AAT and NAT, respectively). Body-weight and carcass lipids failed to return to normal in quail that had been starved for 48 h and refed during 24 h. When starving lasted 60 h, carcass lipids almost resumed the normal level only after 48 h of refeeding. All refeeding treatments caused a 2–3-fold increase in liver weight, with a parallel rise in fat content. In the livers of the refed quail the specific activities of all enzymes, except CBX, reached or slightly exceeded pre-starvation levels. Because of liver enlargement, the total activities of the lipogenic enzymes in the starved–refed quail exceeded pre-starvation levels. In the normally-fed quail the contribution of AAT and NAT to total lipogenesis was insignificant, and in the starved–refed birds it still remained very small compared to that of liver, despite the pronounced relative increase of lipogenic enzyme activities in these adipose tissues.


Part 1: overview - Words, Roget, Books, Econ, Games, Miles, Plane, Lisa, Raman, Gates, Rand, Basic, Save technicalities - representation of Graphs, Words, Roget, Books, Econ, Games, Miles, Plane installation and use - how to obtain the files, installing CWEB, installing the graphbase, makefile details, troubleshooting, running the demos, storage considerations, running your own programs how to read CWEB programs - programs of the Stanford GraphBase, ASSIGN_LISA, BOOK_COMPONENTS, ECON_ORDER, FOOTBALL, GB_BASIC, GB_BOOKS, GB_DIJK, GB_ECON, GB_FLIP, GB_GAMES, GB_GATES, GB_GRAPH, GB_IO, GB_LISA, GB_MILES, GB_PLANE, GB_RAMAN, GB_RAND, GB_ROGET, GB_SAVE, GB_SORT, GB_WORDS, GIRTH, LADDERS, MILES_SPAN, MULTIPLY, QUEEN, ROGET_COMPONENTS, TAKE_RISC, TEST_SAMPLE, WORD_COMPONENTS, index to all the programs. Appendices: error codes summary of function calls - generators, nongenerators example graph parameters - undirected graphs, directed graphs 300 five-letter words.


In the Drosophila olfactory system most odorants are encoded in the antennal lobe in a combinatory way, activating several glomerular circuits. However, odorants of particular ecological role for the fly are encoded through activation of a single specialized olfactory pathway. Comparative analyses of densely reconstructed connectomes of one broadly tuned glomerulus (DL5) and one narrowly tuned glomerulus (DA2) gained detailed insight into the variations of synaptic circuitries of glomeruli with different computational tasks. Our approach combined laser-branding of glomeruli of interest with volume based focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to enable precise targeting and analysis of the two glomeruli. We discovered differences in their neuronal innervation, synaptic composition and specific circuit diagrams of their major cell types: olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) and multiglomerular neurons (MGNs). By comparing our data with a previously mapped narrowly tuned glomerulus (VA1v), we identified putative generic features of narrowly tuned glomerular circuits, including higher density of neuronal fibers and synapses, lower degree of OSN lateralization, stronger axo-axonic connections between OSNs, dendro-dendritic connections between many uPNs, and lower degree of presynaptic inhibition on OSN axons. In addition, this work revealed that the dendrites of the single uPN in DL5 contain a substantial amount of autapses interconnecting distant regions of the dendritic tree. The comparative analysis of glomeruli allows to formulate synaptic motifs implemented in olfactory circuits with different computational demands.


Mobile applications users consider it especially important to have quality certification, and particularly in an e-health context. However, if the app is certified, will user satisfaction be greater? This paper is intended to help answer that question. Therefore, with user satisfaction as a determinant of the quality of services, the purpose of the paper is to understand the extent to which certified and non-certified mHealth apps influence user experience. This was measured by online reviews and downloads. An empirical study was carried out with 50 mHealth apps (21 certified, 29 non-certified), which is a convenient sampling procedure. The Mahalanobis matching technique was used to test for significant differences between the groups. A comparative content analysis was performed on 6188 user comments and on app downloads. Non-parametric tests were preferred because the variables analyzed had a categorical structure. A log-linear model and advanced contingency tables were used to examine the more than two-way relationships of variables. The results show differences between the two samples (certified and non-certified mHealth apps). However, quality certification labels as a guarantee of the quality of apps do not have a modulating effect on the online reviews and downloads relationship. The model showed a statistically significant partial association between "certification" and "online user reviews" (Z = 2.174; sig = 0.042)] and between "download" and "online user reviews" (Z = 2.387; sig = 0.017).


In this paper, a method typically used in economics is applied to distributed decision making problems solved by model predictive control. The main purpose is to analyze the changes in certain aggregate indicators under study, which are decomposed among a number of factors. In particular, the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method is used to study how controllers contribute to the performance and how disturbances are generated. Finally, a flow network, which is a system structure that appears in many real problems such as power grids, is used as an academic case study to illustrate the proposed method.


Mental workload is a concept used in many industries to investigate operator performance, but it has only recently been used in the educational setting. It has been suggested that excessive mental workload in assessors may impair the validity of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)‐type assessments.


The article aims to improve the implementation of the econometric evaluation system for the research of the structural structures in the system of calculating macroeconomic indicators of the Republic of Uzbekistan and to ensure the consistency of the ongoing reforms based on the preliminary results of the development strategy of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 by introducing automated information systems for their comparative evaluation. Also, in order to increase the inclusiveness of economic growth, to define clear ways for the country to join the ranks of middle-high-income countries in the next decade, the forecast of the main macro-economic target indicators set in the Concept of Social and Economic Complex Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2026 was determined, and the reforms to be carried out in the country in order to achieve it, as well as the future suggestions for the expected results are presented.


It is an important issue to assess the state-of-health (SOH) of battery, including aircraft. There are several methods on the assessment of SOH of battery having been reported in recent years. Herein, we proposed a hybrid PSO+SVM model, which employed particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to search the best parameters of support vector machine (SVM) to estimate SOH of aviation lead-acid battery. Results showed that the proposed PSO-SVM model achieved 98.75% classification accuracy using a real dataset provided by Civil Aviation Flight University of China. Hence, the hybrid PSO+SVM model is very promising compared to the previous reports.


This study is about a dream deferred-about adults who come to a college to pursue an undergradu ate degree. Whether due to socio-economic cir cumstances, lack of motivation and goals in their youth, or difficulties accessing a collegiate education, these adults had deferred the pursuit of higher education in their young adult years. This study presents two different journeys two different sets of realities for African American adult students from two collegiate settings, a university and a community college. This descriptive exploration provides insights into the differing realities that influence African American adults' persistence and success in completing a college degree. Background


HE elastic behavior of a rectangular orthotropic plate has been studied by a few authors making use of the von Karmantype large deflection theory. Yusuff1 has considered the postbuckling of the plate under edge compression using Fourier series for both deflection and stress function. The large deflection of the plate under lateral load has been treated by Basu and Chapman.2 Aalami and Chapman3 have also looked at the problem of the plate under transverse and in-plane loads. In the last two studies the finite-difference technique has been used and the solutions have been restricted to a special class of orthotropic materials. The present investigation is concerned with the large deflection behavior of a rectangular anisotropic plate with clamped edges. The classical nonlinear theory of elastic plates is applied to the present problem. Hence the classical assumptions for displacements, the strain-displacement relations associated with the von Karman assumptions, and the equations of equilibrium are the same as in the theory. The material properties or Hooke's law can be introduced at the final stage of the formulation of the governing differential equations. These equations are then solved by the method of perturbation. 4 Because of lack of available solutions for large deflections of anisotropic plates in literature, the present solution is specified for certain special cases and then compared with existing solutions. Contents Let us consider a rectangular plate of length 2a in the x direction, width 2b in the y direction, and thickness h in the z direction under a uniformly distributed load q per unit area. The origin of the coordinate system is chosen to coincide with the center of the midplane of the undeformed plate. The stressstrain relations for a thin homogeneous anisotropic plate may be written as


Abstract The planned villages founded by the British Fisheries Society in the late eighteenth century were among the earliest in the Highlands of Scotland. The Society's villages of Ullapool and Tobermory established a planning and architectural template for successive Highland planned villages, based upon classical architectural principles of regularity and order. Within each village, the quality and design of the settlers' self-built dwellings was checked by the introduction of building regulations, devised to eradicate vernacular materials and construction and establish 'improved' practices in terms of both materials and design. The extraordinary effectiveness of this regulation permanently altered the nature of Highland domestic architecture.


In this paper, a mathematical analysis of a model describing the evolution of chronic myeloid leukemic with effect of growth factors is considered. The corresponding dynamics are represented by a system of ordinary differential equations of dimension 5. This system described the interactions between hematopoietic stem cells (H.S.C), hematopoietic mature cells (M.C), cancer hematopoietic stem cells, cancer hematopoietic mature cells and the associated growth factor concentration. Our research is, henceforth, carried out on the existence and the uniqueness of the solution of this system. The next substantive concern will be a discussion on the local and global stability of the corresponding steady states. Three scenarios, however, corresponding to different actions of hematopoiesis on stem cells (differentiate cells or both cells) are considered.


This research paper presents a comprehensive review of Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods, encompassing their advancements, applications, and future directions. The study begins with an introduction emphasizing the significance of MCDM in complex decision-making scenarios. Through a systematic literature review, recent developments in MCDM techniques are examined, including multi-objective methods, fuzzy-based approaches, data-driven models, and hybrid methodologies. The strengths and limitations of each method are critically analyzed. Furthermore, the paper investigates the diverse applications of MCDM in domains such as business, engineering, environment, healthcare, and public policy, highlighting the practical implications through real-world case studies. The study then identifies emerging trends and challenges in MCDM research, discussing the integration of MCDM with emerging technologies, enhancing robustness and adaptability, addressing uncertainty, and identifying unexplored domains for potential application. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for decision-makers and researchers, providing insights into the advancements, applications, and future directions of MCDM methods.


Seven chronic schizophrenic patients, stable for over 12 months on maintenance fluphenazine decanoate, were administered 40 g of alcohol orally soon after their regular injection. Blood samples for estimation of serum neuroleptic and prolactin levels were collected at various intervals over a 12 h period. The procedure was repeated at their next regular injection but without alcohol. It was found that alcohol ingestion produced a significant drop in both serum neuroleptic and prolactin levels which persisted during the study period.


This paper deals with transverse vibrations of axisymmetrical annular plates of concave parabolic thickness. A closed-form solution of the partial differential equation of motion is reported. An approach in which both method of multiple scales and method of factorization have been employed is presented. The method of multiple scales is used to reduce the partial differential equation of motion to two simpler partial differential equations that can be analytically solved. The solutions of the two differential equations are two levels of approximation of the exact solution of the problem. Using the factorization method for solving the first differential equation, which is homogeneous and includes a fourth-order spatial-dependent operator and second-order time-dependent operator, the general solution is obtained in terms of hypergeometric functions. The first diferential equation and the second differential equation (nonhomogeneous) along with the given boundary conditions give so-called zero-order and first-order approximations, respectively, of the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Any boundary conditions could be considered. The influence of Poisson's ratio on the natural frequencies and mode shapes could be further studied using the first-order approximations reported here. This approach can be extended to nonlinear, and/or forced vibrations.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Lithium niobate single-crystal films are interesting for the integration of optoelectronic and surface acoustic wave devices. However, the domains have the preferred orientations, which limit their application in non-volatile memory devices. Here, we fabricated 5% Mg-doped LiNbO3 single-crystal films by ion-slicing of surface layers of bulk lithium niobate single-crystals. The Mg doping can improve the electrical performance of the films with the appearance of a definitive coercive voltage irrespective of applied voltages in polarization-voltage (P-V) hysteresis loops, unlike the undoped films where the apparent coercive voltages in P-V hysteresis loops equal the maximum applied voltages. Subsequent unipolar pulse stressing shows comprehensive charge injection into the films to occur at repetitive periodicities below 0.5 s that can symmetrize P-V hysteresis loops along the voltage axis. The injected charge in contradiction to an internal imprint field can change domain switching dynamics that can be described by the model of a non-ferroelectric passive layer in series with an ideal ferroelectric layer. The dielectric permittivities at low frequencies show the Maxwell-Wager relaxation of the injected charge with the broad distribution of relaxation times. As the periodicity is above 2 s, the injected charge within each cycle can be driven out of the film during intermittent time by the imprint field. This study shows the possibility of charge injection in stabilization of bipolar domain orientations in LiNbO3 single-crystal films.Lithium niobate single-crystal films are interesting for the integration of optoelectronic and surface acoustic wave devices. However, the domains have the preferred orientations, which limit their application in non-volatile memory devices. Here, we fabricated 5% Mg-doped LiNbO3 single-crystal films by ion-slicing of surface layers of bulk lithium niobate single-crystals. The Mg doping can improve the electrical performance of the films with the appearance of a definitive coercive voltage irrespective of applied voltages in polarization-voltage (P-V) hysteresis loops, unlike the undoped films where the apparent coercive voltages in P-V hysteresis loops equal the maximum applied voltages. Subsequent unipolar pulse stressing shows comprehensive charge injection into the films to occur at repetitive periodicities below 0.5 s that can symmetrize P-V hysteresis loops along the voltage axis. The injected charge in contradiction to an internal imprint field can change domain switching dynamics that can be descr...


Since 2019 and still progressing in 2020, the problems of the three telecommunication operators have experienced a decline in company performance, it can be seen that TELKOM has decreased revenue from 135.567 Trillion (2019) to 135.450 Trillion (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia caused telecommunications operators to decide to delay investment in infrastructure development (New Capex) for 2020 and 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ambidextrous leadership mediated by organizational agility and digital business models on performance. telecommunications companies in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research will be conducted using quantitative research. The sampling technique was done by convenience sampling. The number of samples is 100 respondents. Based on the discussion above, it is concluded that Ambidextrous Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Digital Business Model Innovation, Ambidextrous Leadership has a positive and significant impact on Organizational Agility, Ambidextrous Leadership has a positive and significant impact on Company Performance, Digital Business Innovation Model has a positive and significant impact on Company Performance, Organizational Agility has no positive and significant effect on Company Performance, Organizational Agility is not proven to moderate Digital Business Model Innovation on Company Performance. The study suggests the utilization of extraordinary plans in identifying external and internal situations during and after the corona virus pandemic (COVID-19).


Aims:  Hepatoid adenocarcinomas are clinically chemoresistant; however, data concerning the mechanisms of chemoresistance are lacking. ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a role in the ATP‐dependent outward efflux of drugs, and their function renders tumour cells multidrug resistant. We assumed that the expression of ABC transporters may be accompanied by hepatic differentiation because most ABC transporters are dominantly expressed in hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ABC transporters in hepatoid adenocarcinomas.


objective: Discussing application on urinary system diseases with 7690-Xu fluorescent staining method. Methods:The diagnosis of urinary tract exfoliative cells was made on the basis of different colors of fluorescence and morphological changes shown by cells of differential degrees. Results:Among the 100 cases of hematuric patients, 28 cases were detected cancer cells in urine and identified with cancers by clinic and operation, with the coincidence of 87.5% on a comparison with the result of clinical diagnosis. Conclusion:The method is simple, the fluorescent image of cells is clear and color contrast is sharp,it keeps from influences of blood cells.Thus the method can quickly examine carcinoma cells of urinary system.


In this short paper, we derive an integral representation for Euler sums of hyperharmonic numbers. We use results established by other authors to then show that the integral has a closed-form in terms of zeta values and Stirling numbers of the first kind. Specifically, the integral has the form of $$\int_0^\infty \frac{t^{m-1}\ln(1-e^{-t})}{(1-e^{-t})^r} \ dt$$ where $m, r \in \mathbb{N}$, $m > r$ and $r\ge1$.


Objective To summarize the characteristics of the epididymis cyst and to explore the value of diagnosis with the high frequency color Doppler ultrasound for this disease. Methods The characteristics of two-dimensional and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for 103 cases the epididymis cysts that were confirmed by the puncture, the surgery and the pathology were analyzed and summarized. Their main points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis were summarized. Results The epididymis simple cysts were 26 cases (25.2%) and epididymis sperm cysts were 77 cases (74.8%) in 103 cases epididymis cyst. The epididymis cyst of minimum was about 0.4 cm×0.3 cm and of maximum was about 2.5 cm×2.1 cm. The treatments of epididymis cyst were carried out the resection for 22 cases on more than 10 mm, the puncture aspiration for 66 cases on 5-10 mm and the outpatient follow-up survey for 15 cases in less than 5 mm. Conclusion The high frequency color Doppler ultrasound has great value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the epididymis cyst. This may provide reliable informations for clinical diagnosis and treatments.


Epitaxial silicon films have been deposited by a new technique which combines an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment with rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD). The technique is referred to as UHV/RTCVD. Using Si2H6, B2H6, and H2 as process gases, low temperature (T≤800 °C) and high throughput (growth rate ≳0.25 μm/min) processing have been achieved in the 90 mTorr (1 Pa=133.32 Torr) total pressure regime. Epitaxial growth was achieved on hydrogen passivated silicon surfaces without using a high temperature in situ clean. Effect of the growth temperature on the generation lifetime of the films grown on 4–11 Ω cm (100) silicon substrates was studied at three different temperatures of 700, 750, and 800 °C using the Zerbst technique. The epitaxial films were in situ doped with boron to a doping level of 1–2×1016 cm−3. Generation lifetimes, as high as 400 μs, were measured with no strong dependence on the growth temperature. Chemical purity of the films was studied using secondary ion mass spectrosco...


The petrogenesis of Nb-enriched basalts (NEBs) is controversial. NEBs are generally considered to form by melting of either a mixed enriched and depleted mantle source or a mantle wedge metasomatized by adakitic melts. Here we present geochronological, petrological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Os isotope data for Early Permian volcanic rocks from the Tuotuohe area in the northern Qiangtang Terrane, China. The studied volcanic rocks can be divided into two groups: arc basalts and basaltic andesites in the lower sequence and NEBs in the upper sequence. Zircon grains from one basaltic andesite sample in the lower sequence yielded a concordia age of 302.0 ± 1.1 Ma. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the NEBs were derived from a mixed source consisting of enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB)- to oceanic-island basalt-like ambient mantle and slab-derived fluids, whereas the arc basalts and basaltic andesites originated from a source made of the MORB-type ambient mantle modified by slab-derived melts. We propose for the first time that the Nb enrichment of the NEBs was most likely inherited from high-Nb ambient mantle and is independent of the addition of slab-derived components. In addition to slab-derived components, the nature of the ambient mantle is also an important factor controlling the diversity of arc magmatism. Our new findings show that the Late Carboniferous−Early Permian magmatism in the northern Qiangtang Terrane was related to northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, suggesting that subduction might have occurred in at least the Early Permian rather than in the previously thought Middle Permian.


ABSTRACT It may be possible to make the visual similarity of a set of maps conform to the statistical intercorrelations among the variables used to produce the maps. Conceptualizing the intercorrelations as the signal and blackness differences as noise, three sets of maps were produced allowing blackness differences to vary for the first and second'set and holding blackness differences constant for the third set. Subjects viewing the third set of maps made judgments concerning the visual similarity of the maps which conformed more closely to the intercorrelations among the variables. The judgments of the visual similarity of the maps for subjects viewing the other two sets of maps did not conform as well to the intercorrelations of the variables and seemed to be influenced by the blackness differences among these maps.


Over the past decade, school linking has become an important feature of the landscape of global learning and development education in England. Yet what is the actual relationship between having an international link with a school in the Global South and the school's broader curriculum learning activities on global and development issues? This paper addresses this question through a review of the existing literature on global learning and school learning, and through interviews and comments from teachers from seven schools in England.


Isotropic chiral materials are rotationally symmetric but not mirror symmetric. Their salient optical property is that only a circularly polarized plane wave can propagate (in any direction) in them without change in polarization. In general, the major axis of an elliptically polarized plane wave changes direction—called optical rotation—and its ratio of minor to major axes increases. Such materials have different wavenumbers for circularly polarized waves of opposite handedness. The equations for arbitrary time-harmonic electromagnetic fields can be cast in a form such that every problem that has ever been solved for linear, isotropic achiral materials (such as reflection and transmission by layers, and scattering by particles) can also be solved for linear, isotropic chiral materials.


Isolated crayfish retinas were poisoned by dinitrophenol (DNP) or ouabain (OU). The changes of the extracellularly recorded receptor potential (ReP) evoked by short or long stimuli were measured. The changes of the shape of the ReP after poisoning by OU are the same, except the transient increase, as appear after depolarizing the retina by high external potassium concentration. DNP has different effects on the ReP. It causes a prolongation of the amplitude hmax and an increase of the shape quotient hmax/he (Fig. 9). Expecially the rate of decrease of the excitability under different stimulus programs was measured (Tab. 5). DNP experiments show that the inexcitability occurs the earlier the higher the incident light intensity is. The time needed depends on the stimulating efficiency of the light rather than on the direct amount of energy. The loss of excitability rather depends on the energy of the total light applied than on the stimulus pattern. Concerning the inexcitability OU shows the same effect as DNP: it occurs the earlier the more the retina is excited. These results contradict the hypothesis that the receptor potential is a consequence of a light induced change of the activity of an electrogenic pump mechanism. Fig. 10 shows the electrogenic pump mechanism (EPM) as opposed to the conductance increase mechanism (CIM).


INTRODUCTION: Maternal mortality is still a problem in Indonesia. The current maternal mortality rate is 305 per 100.000 live births and is still far from the SDGs target, which is 70 per 100.000 live births in 2030. The direct causes of maternal death are related to maternal health conditions since pregnancy, while the indirect causes are related to social, economic conditions, behavior, community culture, and lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to develop a behavioral model based on transcultural care (sunrise model) and precede in caring for pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is an observational study, cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted from March to October 2021. The population in this study were all pregnant women who visited with a sample of several pregnant women in the working area of the Public Health Center of the Surabaya Health Service, Indonesia. The sample was determined using the rule of thumb formula, the sample size was 288 respondents and was selected by simple random sampling. The independent variables are Transcultural Care (technological factors, religion and philosophy of life, social and family attachments, cultural values and lifestyle, regulations and policies, economy, and education) and Precede (predisposing factors, supporting factors, and reinforcing factors). Inferential analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Path analysis model was performed on all latent variables, external model and internal model. RESULTS: Showed that the regularity of antenatal care was influenced by the factors of technology, religion and philosophy of life, social and family attachments, regulations and policies, education and the reinforcing factors. The accuracy of taking medication or vitamins in pregnant women was influenced by social and family attachments, cultural values and lifestyles, regulations and policies, economics, and the predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinfording factors. Diet in pregnant women was influenced by the factors of technology, social and family attachments, regulations and policies, predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors. Monitoring of fetal movement in pregnant women was influenced by technological factors, predisposing factors and enabling factors. Activity patterns in pregnant women were influenced by the factors of religion and philosophy of life, cultural values and lifestyles, regulations and policies, education, enabling factors and reinforcing factors. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Transcultur Care and Preced Methods are proven to be effective in improving maternal health behavior in caring for pregnancy.


Abstract Objective To examine gender-specific relationships between alcohol drinking patterns (average drinking frequency, typical drinking quantity and frequency of binge drinking) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in the Korean population. Design Cross-sectional study using complex sampling design analyses. Setting The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV, which was conducted in 2008. Subjects Current drinkers (n 3793, 1963 men and 1830 women). Results After adjusting for confounders (age, educational level, income, physical activity, smoking, energy intake and drinking frequency in the analysis for drinking quantity), the associations of drinking quantity and frequency of binge drinking with the prevalence of MetS were gender-specific. Seven or more drinks for men and ≥3 drinks for women per typical occasion and binge drinking ≥1 time/week for both sexes resulted in significantly higher odds for the prevalence of MetS compared with men and women who had 1 or 2 drinks and no instances of binge drinking. The association of drinking quantity and the criteria of MetS was stronger for men with high blood pressure and abdominal obesity, whereas it was stronger for women with high glucose. Binge drinking frequency was dose-dependently associated with high TAG, high glucose, high blood pressure and abdominal obesity in men, and with high glucose and high blood pressure in women. Interestingly, average drinking frequency was not associated with the prevalence of MetS in either sex. Conclusions Higher drinking quantity and frequent binge drinking are indicators of a higher prevalence of MetS, and the association strength is thought to be gender-specific.


The Universe is magnetized. This is true on "small" length scales, such as in planets and stars, and over much larger scales, such as across the tenuous gas in galaxies and galaxy clusters and, possibly, the even more rarefied intergalactic medium. Physicists are fairly certain that these magnetic fields weren't created in the big bang (the reason has to do with the symmetry of Maxwell's equations). Rather, for the most part, they assume that small "seed fields," which formed some time after the big bang, were amplified into what we observe today. But how these seed fields materialized remains one of the great, unsolved problems in cosmology.


Introduction To study the effects of geography on risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among commercially insured children and youth in the US Effects of geography on risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among commercially insured children and youth in the US Objectives Few studies have examined the impact of geography on risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). This study used a national representative sample to study how geography may influence the relationships of risk factors for SI and SA in commercially insured children and youth. Methods The sample was a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 124,424 patients <25 years using commercial claims from four major insurance companies (Aetna, Humana, Kaiser Permanente, and UnitedHealthcare) in the US. The index visit was a mental health or substance use (MH/SUD) outpatient encounter between January 2014 and June 2015. SI and SA were defined by having an ICD-9 diagnosis code within one year after the index visit. Risk factors in the models were demographic and clinical risk factors, including prior psychiatric diagnoses, prescriptions, and healthcare services utilization. Patients' geographic regions were assigned to one of the nine divisions defined by the US Census Bureau. We used survival analysis to evaluate the effects of geography on risk factors for SI and SA. Results At each follow-up time period (post 7-, 30-, 90-, 180-, and 365-day), rates of SI and SA varied by geographic division (p<0.001). The Mountain Division consistently had the highest rates for both SI and SA (5.44%-10.26% for SI; 0.70%-2.82% for SA). Having MH emergency department (ED) visits in the past year increased the hazard ratio of SI by 28%-65% for children and youth residing in the New England, Mid-Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, and East South Central Divisions. The main effects of geographic divisions were significant for SA (p<0.001). Risk of SA was lower in New England, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Pacific (HRs=0.57, 0.51, 0.67, and 0.79, respectively) and higher in the Mountain Division (HR=1.46). Conclusions Children and youth residing in the Mountain Division had the highest prevalence of SI and SA and the highest risk of SI after having MH ED visits. Studies of indicators of access to MH ED care and other social determinants of health may clarify the reasons for SI and SA geographic differences. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


This paper explores the implications of consumption externalities for capital mobility, the distribution of firms and tax competition. In the absence of tax competition, the country with higher consumption externality attracts more capital/firms. In contrast, under tax competition, because the country with higher consumption externality will impose a higher tax rate on capital, due to the strong negative effect of taxation, the country with lower externality attracts more capital. Besides, as trade openness increases, capital agglomerates in the country with lower consumption externality. We also show that there may exist an efficiency-enhancing role for tax competition.


........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 A Note on Referencing Conventions in the Thesis ......................................................................................................... 5 Introduction to the Critical Commentary ............................................................................................................................ 6 Significance and Originality of the Work Presented ...................................................................................................... 9 Themes, Commitments and Influences ........................................................................................................................... 9 The Context, Nature and Contribution of the Work ................................................................................................ 18 Impact and Influence of the Research ........................................................................................................................... 25 Methods and Methodology ................................................................................................................................................... 28 Clarifying Issues of Contribution to the Selected Papers ........................................................................................... 31 Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 Notes ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 References ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix A: Citations to Papers Selected for the Thesis ............................................................................................ 46 Appendix B: Citations to Papers Associated with Projects ......................................................................................... 47 Appendix C: Complete List of Publications (in chronological order) ..................................................................... 48 Appendix D: The Papers ........................................................................................................................................................... 53


(1) Substituting (as Solms does) forebrain for brainstem in the search for a dream "controller" is counterproductive, since a distributed system need have no single controller. (2) Evidence against episodic memory consolidation does not show that REM sleep has no role in other types of memory, contra Vertes & Eastman. (3) A generalization of Revonsuo's "threat simulation" model in reverse is more plausible and is empirically testable. [Hobson et al.; Solms; Revonsuo; Vertes & Eastman]


The Optical Monitor Camera (OMC) is a part of the scientific payload of the INTEGRAL spacecraft, scheduled to be launched in 2001. The OMC is an imager that will monitor star variations in the V-band in a 5 X 5 degree field of view. It is required that the instrument detects object of plus 19.7 magnitude within the FOV. This requires highly sophisticated baffling techniques to provide attenuation up to 10-45. To obtain such performances, the design of each sub-element is optimized to fulfill very stringent stray-light requirements. The stray-light sources are discussed and performances are simulated with a 3D ray-tracing model.


Entrance to foreign market is generally riskier when standardization strategy, compared to adaptation, is opted. Adaptation helps in learning local customer preferences causing better rapid market acceptance and it is less complex than attempting to change local market conditions. In order to stimulate firm's performance, market orientation studies researched that firms should continuously monitor and evaluate changes in the market place to come up to the expectation of the customers' expectation. Perversely, all firms don't believe in adaptation, they prefer to offer propositions varied from the local market tends, and expect customers to adopt them to satisfy their latent needs. We, therefore, in this study try to resolve the enigma about marketing strategy in the foreign markets by identifying the capability driving forces. Towards this end, we draw reference from network, knowledge transfer, branding and market orientation literature. Methodology based on a survey of 143 international companies tests ...


To determine whether binding of human rhinovirus (HRV) to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 might disrupt airway immune processes, effects of a major HRV group, HRV-16, on T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were defined. HRV (1-10 TCID50/cell) significantly inhibited T cell proliferation induced by antigen but not proliferation secondary to mitogens, interleukin-2, or an irradiated allogeneic T cell line. Noninfectious (UV-irradiated) HRV had similar effects. Inhibition of T cell proliferation was dependent on HRV binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on monocytes, indicating that the virus interferes with lymphocyte activation indirectly through effects on antigen-presenting cells. In addition, HRV inhibited T cell cytotoxic responses but not NK cell activity. If these effects also occur in vivo, the resulting disturbance in local airway immunity could increase the chances of successful viral replication, and might also be a factor in the pathogenesis of secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections.


The idea that a pregnant woman may be so frightened by the sight of some deformity on another person that her baby will be affected by a similar defect is widely believed in most parts of the world today; it was also generally believed in the West until the early years of this century. The skepticism that then developed may have derived from lack of an explanatory principle and not from lack of evidence for a significant correspondence between stimulus and birthmark or birth defect. The present paper summarizes the main features of 50 published cases in which an unusual stimulus to a pregnant woman was followed by the birth of a baby with unusual birthmarks or birth defects that nearly always corresponded closely to the stimulus the pregnant mother had received. Two recent cases that the author investigated are presented. The author concludes that in rare instances maternal impressions may indeed affect gestating babies and cause birth defects. Almost nothing is known about why such effects occur in some pregnancies, but only rarely, or about the implementing processes involved. These may be paranormal. Introduction and Review of Earlier Reports The belief that a shock or other strong impression in a pregnant woman can produce a mark or other defect in her baby has been held for centuries; although it is less common now in Western countries, it is still widely accepted in other parts of the world. In a typical reported case of this type a pregnant woman sees on the street a person with a serious deformity, such as feet that have been partly amputated. She becomes distressed and fears afterward that her baby will be similarly malformed. When the baby is born, parts of its feet are absent, the defects corresponding to the defective feet its mother saw (Montgomery, 1857). Cases of this type are usually called "maternal impressions." In most instances the stimulus is a visual one perceived by the pregnant woman, but sometimes a vivid verbal description of a defect the mother has not herself seen may act as an apparently causal factor. Writers on reproduction and embryology in ancient Greece and Rome assumed the reality of maternal impressions, and so did their successors, at least up to the 16th century, when Par6 (157311982) cited cases of the type and endorsed the idea that maternal impressions could cause birth defeck2


This article uses the lenses of information theory and critical software studies to examine how socio-technical forces like digital encoding and information circulation affect social movement struggles. Focusing on certain information designs and coding features of social media networks, the article analyzes how activist communication practices and modes of collective action evolve alongside available information infrastructure. In particular, I look at the technical features of social media networks— their nodalities and protocols—and at three key elements of social media platforms—the platform itself, the interface, and the algorithms determining interface functionality—in order to reveal their impact on organizing practices. Emerging from this analysis are insights into how the mutual entanglements of code, network structures, and social struggles in information capitalism are literally "encoding," and in some cases limiting, different modes of collective action. Understanding the role that information architectures play in communication, I argue, opens up new potential for resistance and subversion by "recoding" activist practices.


Over the last several years, the achievement of wireless communication technologies has brought convenience and amazing services to users. Visible light communication (VLC), especially Optical Camera Communication (OCC) is considered as a promising candidate to improve the performance of indoor communication as the complement of wireless radio frequency (RF) communications. Combining OCC with software-defined small cell networks will substantially improve the user data rates in indoor heterogeneous networks.


By providing real-time information, altmetrics are shifting how research impact is understood. Jason Priem and Heather Piwowar outline the launch of ImpactStory, a new webapp aiming to provide a broader picture of impact to help scholars understand more about the audience and reach of their research.


The National Research Foundation frequently circulates calls for proposals for collaborative projects involving partners from foreign countries, in line with South Africa's bilateral and multilateral agreements. The extent to which these ultimately benefit 'Joe Public' is sometimes difficult to gauge, but one such project has had a potentially life-changing impact for a group of smallholder farmers in Limpopo.


Background: With increasing use of molecular diagnostic methods for C. difficile toxin (CDT) and greater recognition of asymptomatic toxigenic colonization, the true burden of hospital onset C. difficile infections (CDI) may be overestimated, resulting in unnecessary therapy and financial penalties. Laxative use and lack of diarrhea may indicate a lower likelihood of CDI. The study objective examines whether hospital data on laxative use and delays from order to lab testing could be used to provide a lower estimate of CDI that more accurately reflects the true burden. Methods: This retrospective analysis occurred at a large, eight campus tertiary community hospital, where CDT results were obtained using a twostep algorithm consisting of enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CDT results were classified as hospital onset (HOCDT) if they were obtained on or after hospital day 4 as per CDC LabID definitions. We merged and analyzed laxative administrative data and CDT results between September and December of 2014. Results: A total of 3,234 CDT tests were obtained from 2,543 unique patients, of which 387 (12.0%) were positive, and 149 (4.6%) were classified as HOCDT. Multiple tests within 7 days were done on 282 (11.1%) patients. Among HOCDT, the sensitivity of EIA testing was 44% (66/149). During this time period, 234 CDT tests were ordered on patients that were on laxatives ≥24 hours, of which 19 (7.8%) were classified HOCDT. Among 203 CDT stool tests collected ≥24 hours from the time of order, 15 (7.4%) were classified HOCDT. Sensitivity of EIA testing of patients on laxatives and those among delayed collection was 16% and 40%, respectively. Assuming all patients on laxatives and those with delayed stool collection represents colonization, we estimate that HOCDT cases reported overestimate the true burden of HOCDI cases by over 20%. Conclusion: Positive HOCDT results arising from testing delays and laxative use may suggest an overestimate of true HOCDI cases as suggested by low pretest probability and low EIA sensitivity. Additional clinical studies should be done to validate these estimates. Processes to discourage provider testing for CDT in cases where the pretest probability is low should be considered.


ContextNorthern Ireland has five health and social care trusts that provide a Urology service. COVID-19 resulted in the cessation of all but the most urgent elective urological cases. As a result there was an immediate need to enhance current facilities to improve care for our patients. Operations for bladder outlet obstruction, such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), were largely on hold. Men with benign prostatic enlargement continued to suffer in terms of quality of life from symptoms and morbidity from their condition, with subsequent costly attendances through unscheduled care.Issue/ChallengeAs one trust, we had over 100 men active on a waiting list for TURP. We had over 100 patients awaiting a review to decide on surgical management. We had over 400 men awaiting routine assessment through our lower urinary tract symptom assessment clinic.Several surgical options now exist for bladder outlet obstruction. Until this project, TURP was the only option offered to men in Northern Ireland, which is out-with NICE guidance. A TURP has traditionally been an inpatient operation requiring a hospital stay of 2-3 days. During the pandemic and looking to the recovery of services, this was not a viable option.Assessment of issue and analysis of its causesA scoping exercise on where to best place any new service was performed. Key stakeholders included our clinical leaders, management colleagues in the trust and the Department of Health. With successful implementation of a traffic light system for COVID-19, a green pathway for elective surgery had been implemented with great success in our main inpatient Ulster Hospital site. Reflecting on what had been learned in this process, and with a clear need to advocate day-case as default for certain procedures, a regional centre out-with our main inpatient operating theatres was delivered – the Regional Day Procedure Centre (DPC), based at Lagan Valley Hospital.ImpactThe impact has been improved individual patient journeys and improved quality of life for men living with benign prostatic obstruction, with their treatment happening much more promptly, as well as increased staff satisfaction and a saving in theatre costs and bed days.InterventionWe learned and implemented novel bladder outlet techniques;namely Rezum steam ablation therapy to the prostate;green light laser treatment of the prostate (GLLP) and hoImium enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). We arranged simulation-based training for our Consultant and Speciality Doctor team and mock theatre set up training with the theatre staff to include common pitfalls with equipment. We also arranged simulation-based training for postgraduate surgical trainees, enhancing training during the pandemic.Involvement of stakeholders, such as patients, carers or family members:We engaged and had the support of the clinical and managerial teams from the outset. We opened communication with the day-case unit pre-assessment and anaesthetic teams early. We introduced a new co-located outpatient prostate assessment clinic in conjunction with a nurse specialist.Key MessagesOver the last 6 months we have implemented an all options service for bladder outlet obstruction. We have performed more than 50 day-case Rezum cases, introduced day-case GLLP and inpatient HoLEP. All Rezum and GLLP cases have been day-case with the subsequent personal and institutional savings. We will report our clinical outcomes and reflect on lessons learned.Lessons learntThe introduction of novel bladder outlet therapies has led to improved quality of life for men living with bladder outlet obstruction. We have significantly reduced the waiting list and the waiting time for treatment. We have shown that service development and improvement for benign disease is possible even during a pandemic.Measurement of improvementWe are following up these men with validated symptoms and quality of life scores. We get objective measurement of improvement through repeat flow rate and measurement of post void residual urinary volumes. We have kept a database on key patien parameters and self-reported outcomes. Initial results are promising.Strategy for improvementAs an ongoing and ever evolving project, we use multiple PDSA cycles to improve our service. Weekly team briefs at the end of theatre lists allow feedback from all staff. In particular we have learned from our patients. We have introduced local anaesthetic treatment with Rezum in men unfit for other options. We have contacted other units to share their experience and there has been coverage of our work in our regional media.


Explicitly correlated averaged coupled-pair functional methods have been used to compute the ground-state Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface for the F + HH' --> FH + H' reaction at the F + HH' and FH + H' asymptotes, the F...HH', and FH...H van der Waals wells, the reaction transition state, and at points along the intrinsic reaction coordinate connecting all of these stationary points. To these energies, corrections for spin-orbit coupling and scalar relativistic effects were added to produce total electronic energies whose accuracy is demonstrated to be very high (e.g., 0.1 kcal mol(-1)). The final data are used to refine the two-body parts of the currently best three-dimensional potential energy surface for this reaction, to predict several spectroscopic parameters of the species involved, and to offer accurate estimates of the title reaction's exothermicity (32.0 kcal mol(-1)) and activation barrier (1.8 kcal mol(-1)) as well as the geometry of the transition state.


This work presents the investigation of 61 geoheritage inventories of developed in Brazil until the moment. Data analysis was based on the following criteria: geosite selection method, inventory method and quantification method, as well as geographic distribution of research in Brazilian territory. It is observed that the work of identification of Brazilian geological heritage has been growing over the years, but the country still lacks much research, especially in regions where little or no activity has been identified. The conclusions obtained aim to contribute to an understanding of the trajectory and comprehensiveness of these strategies, to reflexion on the current situation of Geoconservation in Brazil and to an evaluate off the methods that support these actions.


SEALE and Kerr, the authors of the two books under review, have covered between them a series of events from 1945 until 1964, but they have done so from quite different points of view. Seale's book, entitled The Struggle for Syria, covers the period from 1945 until 1958, while Kerr's, The Arab Cold War, covers the period from 1958 until 1964. The struggle for Syria that Seale describes is supposed to be a struggle between Egypt and Iraq, but the cold war that Kerr describes is a war of ideology, and perhaps one of wills, between Egypt's President Nasser and the leaders of the Syrian Ba'th party. Although both authors include a reference to dates in the titles of their books, the chronological element is not equally important in both. Seale's work is a review of the high points of Syrian politics through the period indicated, whereas Kerr is primarily concerned with a summary and analysis of the unity talks that took place between Nasser and the Ba'th leaders in 1963.


The basic, biologically inspired idea of the authors (and some more in the scientific community) is to apply an attention-based type of filter on the great amount of visual input data and only perform further analysis on the tiny rest. This residual is what we call the regions of interest (ROIs). There have been many approaches to computation of salient features in a static image, e.g. [1] shows that high contrast regions seem to attract attention or [2] reports that salient regions can be computed using multiscale images. Others on the other hand argue that local complexity can be a measure of saliency [3]. Also, a learning approach for visual saliency models has been proposed recently [4]. Following these ideas, one foundation of our approach is the claim, that fundamental attention attractors originating from sensory input can be either static salient features in a single frame or dynamics in the input data sequence (considering temporal properties). Inspired by the idea in [5], which is claimed to be biologically plausible, we extend the saliency attention approach with the idea, that vision is a process of active and sometimes even volitional exploration of the environment. Thus, considering the second before mentioned assumption, i.e. based on the theory of inhibition of return as shown to be plausible in human visual psychophysics [6], we implement top-down cognitive feedback in the proposed system. Moreover, we will go one step further and integrate a possiblity not only for attention inhibition, but also for directed attention guidance. This reinforcement is triggered by cognitive processes reasoning about relevant additional information to gain from a specific region (see Section III). Although we do not claim to implement the entire framework of [5] e.g. the inattentional or change blindness, we in deed show that a system utilizing the basic ideas performs considerably better than without. Not contradicting, but complementing the work of other authors [7], [8], we do not want to focus solely on building a biologically plausible visual systems, but our primary target is to apply the underlying ideas of such frameworks to a real-world robotic setup. We therefore avoid complex neural, connectionist or machine learning techniques where possible, giving preference to discrete algorithms. These fast and efficient algorithms allow for realtime performance and high accuracy for manipulation tasks on standard hardware. The vision system presented in this paper is part of the JAST1 human-robot dialog system.


Objective:To compare the value between LAM-IgG and TB-IgG in CSF for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Methods:LAM-IgG and TB-IgG were detected by dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) in CSF (including 132 cases of tuberculous CSF and 55 cases of control CSF). The difference of detecting results between LAM-IgG and TB-IgG was compared by Chi-square test. Results:The positive results of LAM-IgG and TB-IgG were 68(51.5%) and 53(40.2%) in tuberculous CSF. In the control CSF, the results of LAM-IgG and TB-IgG were all negative. The difference of the results between LAM-IgG and TB-IgG had statistical meaning (P0.01). Conclusion:LAM-IgG is a useful index and its value is higher than TB-IgG in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.


Objective: to study the state of the auditory analyser central regions in operators of automated bottling of non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic drinks working in the conditions of exposure to high-level industrial noise. Material and methods. The work gives the hygienic assessment of working conditions and related factors, and in-depth clinical examination of the auditory analyser condition in operators of automated bottling of non-alcoholic and low-alcoholic drinks. Results. It has been found that the leading harmful factor in the working environment of the bottling operators is industrial noise. The signs of the specific impact of the noise on the central regions of the auditory analyser manifested in the function infringement of its brainstem and cortical structures. Conclusion. The causal relationship between the conditions, nature of work and the changes in the central regions of auditory analyser in the bottling operators has been established, which makes it possible to improve the system of preventive medical examinations, labour examination and preventive measures.


Part III. 1 here are about 50 Egyptian names of persons and places in the annals of Assnrbani-pal; before considering these I must remark on the want of accuracy sometimes found in these inscriptions. Most if not .all of the Assyrian characters are polyphones. In copying their documents the Assyrians sometimes mistook the phonetic value of the characters in foreign names, and when a mistake once crept in it was copied into the new documents. Mistakesalso arose from some of the characters being nearly alike, thus • y j j "sa" and " i r " are sometimes mistaken and in one copy the " p i " in the name of Psametik is made ^ T " t u " while in both copies the " t " is changed to " L " . The ignorance of the Assyrians about foreign names is further shown by the fact that in some documents blank spaces are left where the writers did not know the names of persons and places alluded to in the histories. It will be seen from these things that too much reliance should not be placed on the foreign names in Assyrian inscriptions. The following are some of the Egyptian names. 1. Tarqa ^ ( o ^ ^ C 1 l ~ 1 3 I o f t h e Η ί β Γ 0 ^ · π Ρ π η η o f 2 n d k i u S s 19 ch. 9th ver. was the enemy successively of Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Assur-bani-


We consider a two-component system of cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equations in one space dimension. We show that each component of the solutions to this system behaves like a free solution in the large time, but there is a strong restriction between the profiles of them. This turns out to be a consequence of non-trivial long-range nonlinear interactions.


The title compound, C19H22N2O5, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-nitrophthalo-nitrile and di-tert-butylmalonate. The compound crystallizes in orthorhombic P212121; a = 5.9831(1)A, b = 14.7805(2)A, c = 23.0614(3)A. The tert-butyl groups show large amplitudes of internal rotational motion. In the solid state, the molecules are linked by O-H…O hydrogen bonds to form an infinite one-dimensional chain along the a-axis.


One of the important issues in Data Acquisition System (DAQ) design is the type of storage for all kind of information used by the system. For the VUV-FEL (Vacuum-Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser) DAQ we have chosen ORACLE Relational Database Management System (RDMBS). The database stores not only the DAQ relevant information, but also control parameters for the LINAC. Data flow overview is shown in Fig.1 The paper presents the database structure and gives application of the stored information by the DAQ in detail.


The objective of the present work was to study the preparation, optimization and characteristic of nanostructured lipid carriers(NLCs) based on macadamia nut oil. NLC with various macadamia nut oil content were successfully prepared by an optimized microfluidization method using stearic acid as solid lipid and pluronic F68 as surfactant. As a result, NLC with particle size about 286nm were obtained, and the polydispersity index(PI) of all developed NLC were below 0.2 which indicate a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capability were investigated as well. Physical stability of NLC demonstrated that particles of system were stable at room temperature and low temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) investigation show that the inner structure and recrystallinity of lipid matrix within NLC were greatly influenced by the content of macadamia nut oil.The objective of the present work was to study the preparation, optimization and characteristic of nanostructured lipid carriers(NLCs) based on macadamia nut oil. NLC with various macadamia nut oil content were successfully prepared by an optimized microfluidization method using stearic acid as solid lipid and pluronic F68 as surfactant. As a result, NLC with particle size about 286nm were obtained, and the polydispersity index(PI) of all developed NLC were below 0.2 which indicate a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capability were investigated as well. Physical stability of NLC demonstrated that particles of system were stable at room temperature and low temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) investigation show that the inner structure and recrystallinity of lipid matrix within NLC were greatly influenced by the content of macadamia nut oil.


Punched‐out lesions in skull film usually elicit consideration of myeloma. However, some other diseases cause similar clinical presentations. We describe an uncommon presentation of breast cancer, which mimics multiple myeloma. Therefore, in a broad spectrum of clinical settings, physicians should always consider differential diagnosis and await for definitive pathological diagnosis.


Anonymous urine samples collected from stand-alone, four person portable urinals in central London reveal a lot about what the people using them have been taking. Since the urinals have no flushing mechanism, sample dilution did not occur. Hordenine (a novel "legal high") was found in all 12 urinals; cocaine (and metabolites), cannabis metabolites, cathine, and methylenedioxymethamfetamine (ecstasy; and metabolites) were found in 11. Metabolite detection indicates drug use, not the simple discarding of drugs (Quarterly Journal of Medicine 2013;106:147-52, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcs219). Mother-to-child HIV transmission could be cut further if men were more involved. A South African study found that of 117 men who believed male HIV testing was important, just under half had never been tested. The likelihood of men getting tested during their partner's pregnancy was significantly associated with prior discussion about existing prevention programmes, knowing that their partner had been tested, and her disclosure of the test result. Nearly 75% of the men said that they would respond favourably to a written invitation for voluntary testing if received from their partner (AIDS Care 2013;25:43-8, doi:10. 1080/09540121.2012.687822). Encouraging patients with musculoskeletal disorders to return to work early but on a part time basis is better than if they stay off work altogether. A Finnish randomised controlled study of 60 patients reports that such "part time sick leave" did not exacerbate pain related symptoms and functional disability, and improved self rated general health and health related quality of life in the early stages of work disability (Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 2013;39:37-45, doi:10.5271/ sjweh.3301). A new clinical entity of non-coeliac wheat sensitivity (WS) has been described in the American Journal of Gastroenterology (2012;107:1898-906, doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.236). Researchers reviewed patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and confirmedWS diagnosed by a double blind, placebo controlled challenge. Patients were divided into two groups:WS alone and WS associated with multiple food hypersensitivity. Compared with IBS only controls, theWS group had significantly increased frequencies of anaemia, weight loss, self reported wheat intolerance, coexisting atopy, and previous food allergies in infancy. Skin patches that deliver vaccines could simplify immunisation programmes. Scientists have combinedmicroneedle arrays with polyelectrolyte multilayer technology to enhance the delivery of DNA vaccines. When the microneedles are applied to skin, vaccine loaded thin films are implanted into the top layer of skin, the polymer layer dissolves quickly, and the microneedle array can be removed quickly and easily. The immune responses elicited far exceed those with nakedDNA injections, and patches can be stored dry at room temperature for weeks, without losing activity (Nature Materials 2013, doi:10.1038/nmat3550). Does obesity push up the cost of colorectal surgery? Definitely, according to a New Zealand study (British Journal of Surgery 2013;100:293-8, doi:10.1002/bjs.8978). Surgical treatment for patients with a body mass index of at least 30 was significantly more expensive than treatment for normal weight patients (€10 036 (£8560; $13 500) v €7390, P=0.005). The next most expensive treatments were for patients with a body mass index between 25 and 29.9 (€9048), and underweight patients with a body mass index less than 20 (€8884). The uptake of chlamydia screening might be more successful if it is led by peers. In a pilot study, men and women (average age 19 and 20 years, respectively) gave out testing kits to their peer groups. Of 45 kits, 22% were returned for testing. All returned kits had been given out by women. Both sexes were positive about the idea of peer led screening, but embarrassment remained a key theme for men (Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 2013;39:21-8, doi:10.1136/jfprhc2011-100151). A man who had intraoperative awareness with explicit recall (AWR) of vibrations and seeing lights during surgery failed to report it because he had not been distressed, and was more bothered by other postoperative events. He had told relatives on waking, but they expressed scepticism—which could have influenced him to not say anything, despite being prompted before and after surgery to report any AWR. He was participating in a major randomised controlled study of AWR, the findings of which could be distorted by other participants being equally reticent (Anesthesia and Analgesia 2013;116:365-7, doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182771d3b).


In his review of my book in the January issue of this JOURNAL, Professor Arthur 0. Lovejoy refers to a paper by Professor George A. Coe in the Hibbert Journal for 1908 in which he is said to have shown before me the futility of "empirical apologetics." I do not write to claim priority, but merely to protect myself against the inference that might possibly be drawn that I have taken from Professor Coe certain arguments without acknowledgment. As a matter of fact, I did little more in my book, with regard to the point in question, than reproduce a discussion published in this JOURNAL in 1904 in a criticism of Wm. James's interpretation of religious experience.


A general purpose kinetic parallel flow solver was developed based on DSMC methodology. Basic characteristics of the solver and some examples of its application are outlined in the paper. Introduction One of the most important aspects of the rarefied gas simulation is a high value of the Knudsen number Kn =AIL. in the flow and, consequently, the requirement of solution of the Boltzmann equation a ! a -+v;vf,+-vyfi =(%) (1) m; COU at The situation is usually more complicated because most of the practical applications involve consideration of diatomic gases, which can be excited vibrationally and rotationally and for which ionization, dissociation and chemical transformations are possible. A need to model non-equilibrium hypersonic flows motivated the development' of numerical techniques to treat such problems. Nowadays the DSMC method' is de facto the standard method for rarefied gas dynamics, where the state of the rarefied gas flow, which is presented by an assembly of molecules, is determined by collisional dynamics of a finite number of model particles and, hence, hold potential for providing information on flows where the collisional rate is not sufficient to maintain equilibrium energy distribution. Research Assistant; email@example.com 'Senior Research Scientist This paper presents the current status of development of a general purpose DSMC flow solver and some results of its application. Code Current problems of gas dynamics cannot be solved by methods other than numerical ones. A wide range of practically important problems requires developing a highly general numerical tool. C++ language was chosen in the present work.


The present invention discloses a multi-step size based on the maximum power tracking control method of a photovoltaic power generation system, the method first sets the initial disturbance step. Using the function M = V * abs (dP / dV) of the photovoltaic cell boundaries PV curve, the maximum power point in the left area, when the value of the function dM / dV is greater than 0, to take steps D1; when the function dM / dV of when the value is less than 0, take steps d1 * M / P. In the right side area of the maximum power point, when the value of M is greater than the power function P, take step D2; when the value of M is less than the power function P, take step d2 * M / P. The method of the present invention is simple and practical mentioned, photovoltaic panels using parameters provided by the manufacturer can determine the ratio between the initial fixed step size. The invention solves the problem of most of the maximum power tracking control can not take into account the steady-state accuracy and dynamic tracking speed at the same time.


Purpose: To determine various radiological parameters predicting spinal cord injury (SCI) in patients with cervicothoracic translational injury. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients operated for cervicothoracic (C7-T1) translational injury between January 2009 and 2019 were reviewed to obtain demographic details, mechanism of injury (based on Allen Ferguson classification), and neurology at the time of presentation (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] grade). Preoperative computed tomography scans were used to measure parameters like anterior translation, local kyphotic angle, residual canal diameter (RCD) at injury level/cranial level/caudal level, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to measure maximum canal compromise (MCC), maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC), and length of cord edema. Patients were divided into group 1 (complete neurodeficit), group 2 (incomplete neurodeficit), and group 3 (normal neurology), and the radiological predictors were compared. Results: In our study, anterior translation (P < 0.001), RCD at the injury level (P < 0.001), RCD at the caudal level (P < 0.001), MSCC (P < 0.001), and MCC (P < 0.001) were associated with the increased risk of SCI at the time of presentation. Comparison among all three patient groups showed significant differences in the above parameters. The optimal cutoff for risk of SCI is 7.8 mm for anterior translation, 8.6 mm for RCD at the injury level, 11.9 mm for RCD at the caudal level, 30% for MCC, and 24% for MSCC. Conclusion: Our data highlight that in addition to the amount of anterior translation, canal diameter, and the degree of spinal cord compression at the injury level, the RCD at the caudal level also determines the incidence of SCI in cervicothoracic translational injuries.


Biodegradable drug‐eluting stents (DESs) are used today to treat atherosclerotic arteries and as vehicles to deliver inhibitors to suppress restenosis, with potential applications also in localized cancer therapy. Here the development of a series of drug‐eluting poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) coils that may find possible use as DESs is reported. PGS is a tough, biodegradable, and biocompatible elastomer that has adjustable mechanical properties thanks to careful control of the fabrication process. Specifically, 3D PGS coils featuring superior mechanical and fracture‐resistance properties are fabricated. The surface erosion profile of PGS is designed to further reduce the risk of fragmentation and non‐target embolization during the degradation process. A dual‐encapsulation mechanism is applied, first poly(ε‐caprolactone) microparticles loaded with an anticancer drug Doxorubicin followed by dispersion of these microparticles in the PGS coils, to prolong the release of drug molecules from the interior. Systematic evaluations of the mechanical properties of the PGS coils and their drug release behaviors are conducted. It is anticipated that, these PGS coils may enable minimally invasive delivery using standard endovascular catheters, for achieving localized and sustained release of chemotherapy to tumors, as well as conventional applications in treating vascular disorders.


Fatigue has physical or mental causes and is prevalent in the elderly. Fatigue may be generally categorized as recent (<1 month), prolonged (1∼6...


Whereas shortened cervical length consistently has been linked to spontaneous preterm birth, it is not known at what point in gestation this risk factor becomes evident. To ascertain whether sonographic cervical findings between 16 weeks' and 18 weeks 6 days' gestation are predictive of spontaneous preterm birth and whether serial evaluations up to 23 weeks 6 days' gestation improve prediction in high-risk women, a blinded observational study was conducted between March 1997 and November 1999 at nine universityaffiliated medical centers in the United States. Certified sonologists performed 590 endovaginal sonographic examinations at 2-wk intervals on 183 women with singleton gestations who had previously experienced a spontaneous birth before 32 weeks' gestation. Cervical length was measured from the external os to the functional internal os along a closed endocervical canal. Funneling and dynamic cervical shortening were also noted. The main outcome measure was spontaneous preterm birth before 35 weeks' gestation, which was analyzed by selected cutoff values of cervical length. Fortyeight women (26%) experienced spontaneous preterm birth before 35 weeks' gestation. A cervical length of less than 25 mm at the initial sonographic examination was associated with a relative risk (RR) for spontaneous preterm birth of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–5.0; sensitivity = 19%; specificity = 98%; positive predictive value = 75%). When cervical length was controlled for, neither funneling nor dynamic shortening were significant independent indicators of spontaneous preterm birth. However, when the shortest-ever observed cervical length was used on serial evaluations, after any dynamic shortening, the RR of a cervical length of less than 25 mm for spontaneous preterm birth increased to 4.5 (95% CI, 2.7–7.6; sensitivity = 69%; specificity = 80%; positive predictive value = 55%). Compared with a single cervical measurement at 16 weeks' to 18 weeks 6 days' gestation, serial measurements at up to 23 wk 6 days markedly improved the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in a receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. It was concluded that when augmented by serial evaluations, assessment of cervical length by endovaginal sonography between 16 weeks' and 18 weeks 6 days' gestation predicted spontaneous preterm birth before 35 weeks' gestation in high-risk women.


The main idea of this project is to design an easy configuration for the filter
courses as tool for teaching aid using the Graphical User Interface (GUI) in
MATLAB Software. In simple interpretation, the focus is to develop a filter design
tool with user-friendly interface. Because there are large scopes of filter design
method, thus in this project, the IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) digital filter design
was chosen as the primary scope of the project. The filter design tool consists of
three types of filters or design methods that are Butterworth filter, Chebyshev Type I,
Elliptic filter. Each filter above can be design in three types of responses that are
Lowpass response, Highpass response, Bandpass response. The digital filter tool will
run in two windows. First, it will run in Menu window and after the filter and
response type chosen, it will continue to run in Design window for filter design.
After design and evaluation, the Design window will show the plot four graph
responses for filter analysis. The graph responses are Magnitude Response, Phase
Response, Impulse Response, and Pole/Zero Plot.


In this paper we investigate some of the ways that cultural and linguistic differences manifest themselves in global online learning environments. We start from the position that the providers of educational opportunity across national and geographic boundaries have a responsibility to consider how their materials and practices can help to promote cross‐cultural understanding. We discuss some of the negative implications of taking a 'centre and periphery' view of participants in an internationally‐marketed online MA program, but offer some data on student performance to justify using that perspective to initiate a more in‐depth investigation of their experience of cross‐cultural interaction during the courses. We present some of the outcomes of a qualitative study of student talk about these issues, and identify the topics of 'cultural otherness', 'perceptions of globality', 'linguistic difference', and 'academic convention' as focal constructs around which their experiences could be recounted. We discuss how to interpret these narratives, in terms of our aim of promoting cross‐cultural understanding through online education, and also in terms of action needed to address perceived inequalities in the educational opportunity offered by the courses as they stand.


In this paper we consider composite optimization problems having the objective function formed as a sum of two terms, one has Lipschitz continuous gradient and another is differentiable but non-separable. Under these settings we design two random coordinate descent methods, one takes into account the composite form of the objective function, while the other algorithm disregards the composite form of the objective function yielding a random coordinate gradient descent scheme with a novel stepsize rule. Our methods are able to tackle both convex and non-convex problems. For these algorithms we also show that they are descent methods in expectation. Preliminary numerical results confirm the efficiency of our two algorithms.


Based on automatic weather station network data,sounding data and NOAA-AMSU brightness temperature data in Tianshan Mountains area,we numerically simulated a strong convective rainfall process occurred in east Tianshan Mountains area from July 16 to July 17,2007 with the mesoscale numerical model WRF and its 3D-VAR assimilation system.A former simulation of two strong convective rainfall processes on July 18,2004 and June 22,2010 indicated that the scheme composition of micro-physical processes Lin scheme,Grell cumulus scheme,MYJ boundary layer parameterization scheme and coupled Noah land surface model gave more reasonable results than other combinations of physical process parameterization schemes when using WRF model in Tianshan Mountains region.Compared with results of non-assimilation test,simulation effect of location and intensity of heavy rainfall had been significantly improved by assimilation test of observation data because the initial field was closer to the actual atmospheric status.Meanwhile,forecasting accuracy of rainfall location could be improved if the horizontal resolution of the model was appropriately increased.


High expression of MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) in tumor tissues is associated with shortened survival in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). This study was to investigate whether serum miR-21 can be used as potential biomarkers for early detection of LSCC. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-21 in serum of 50 patents with early-stage LSCC, 50 patients with late-stage LSCC (n=50), and 20 patients with pulmonary bullas. The correlation between serum miR-21 expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics of patients was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the serum miR-21 test sensitivity and specificity. Serum levels (RQ Value) of miR-21 were significantly higher in LSCC patients than in patients with pulmonary bulla (P<0.001). MiR-21 was related to TNM stage with higher in late-stage compared to early-stage, but not related age, sex, smoking status. The optimal cutoff values were 2.505 for early-stage LSCC versus pulmonary bulla, 2.570 for late-stage LSCC versus pulmonary bulla, and 4.575 for late-stage LSCC versus early-stage LSCC, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 76.0% and 70.0%, 92.0% and 70.0%, and 78.0% and 78.0%, respectively. Measuring the expression levels of serum miR-21 can serve as a circulating biomarker for the early diagnosis of LSCC.


The influence of acid and ionic strength on the rate of electron transfer reaction of N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N',N'triacetatocobaltate(II)(hereafter,[Co(II)HEDTA(OH2)] ) complex with Hypochlorite ion in aqueous nitric acid medium have been studied at I = 0.2 mol dm(NaNO3), [H] = 1 × 10 mol dm, , T = 300 ± 1 K and λmax = 525 nm. Stoichiometric study showed 1:1 `mole ratio. The rate law derived from the kinetic study under pseudo first order condition is d[Co(III)HEDTA(OH2)] dt = k2[Co(II)HEDTA ][ClO]. The rate constant of reaction, k2 varies inversely with acid concentration, [H ]. The overall rate law is therefore represented as: d[Co(III)HEDTA(OH2)] dt = 2.28 × 10[H][Co(II)HEDTA(OH2) ][ClO]. The reaction displayed positive salt effect which suggests the activated complex was made up of similar charged species. The reaction was catalysed by addition of formate, HCOO and potassium, K ions and the Michaelis-Menten's plot gave zero intercept indicating the absence of intermediate complex. A reaction mechanism via an outer-sphere pathway is proposed for this reaction.


This paper reports on the findings of a qualitative survey among French and Quebecois young people aged between 18 and 24, concerning their social usage of the digital camera and camcorder. It emerges that these usages respond mainly to anthropological needs linked to the passage to adulthood, such as the symbolic marking of changes in status, the production of interaction rituals proper to the young and the invention of new modes of self-discovery. Hidden behind new forms of behavior is the will to respond to questions relatively common among young generations.


AbstractThis research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Pontianak. This research is titled "Analysis of Learning Outcomes of Learners Who Use Smartphone Class VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Pontianak". The purpose of this study is to find out the picture of learners' learning outcomes and the picture of the positive and negative impact of smartphone use on learners. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive form of research. The data source in this study is a student of class VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Pontianak who uses interview data and documentation. The results showed that the use of smartphones affects the learning outcomes of learners. Learning outcomes obtained by learners do not increase because participants always rely on smartphones in doing every task given by teachers and lack confidence in their abilities.Smartphones also have a positive impact such as learners easier to find information, increase knowledge, as a medium of entertainment, and facilitate communication. While the negative impact of smartphone use learners become lazy to read, lack confidence with their abilities, interfere with health, interfere with the concentration of learners' learning and affect the attitudes and behavior of learnersKeywords: Learners, Learning Outcomes, Smartphone Use


Observations of the dinoflagellate Dinophysis norvegica in the Baltic Sea during the summers of 1991–1993 indicate that maximal abundances (c 40–150 × 103 cells l-1) were found at the thermocline, typically at 12°C. Maximum densities were usually between 12 and 15 m where 2·9% and 1·5% of surface photon irradiances, respectively, were measured. No diel vertical migration was observed, and cell densities in the mixed layer were always low. Photosynthesis versus irradiance measurements with an oxygen electrode indicated that these populations had a P max of 2·47 [coefficient of variation (CV) 7·3%] and 3·4 (CV 4·7%) mg O2 mg Chl a -1 h-1, and compensation values of photon irradiance were 16·5 and 83 μmol m-2 s-1 in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Both oxygen electrode and 14C light/dark bottle measurements indicated that D. norvegica had very little net photosynthesis at the depths where it was most abundant; it would have had about 2·5-fold greater capacity at photon irradiances present closer to the surface....


Although the primary beneficiary of interactive computer graphics systems is supposedly the human user, the latter has normally been forced to adapt to the former. Instead, the graphical user-computer interface should be deliberately tailored to accomodate, complement and supplement the user. This can be achieved by designing hardware and software devices and tools to be responsive to the user mental processes and preferences involving cognition and affecting behavior. But efforts at systematic identification and validation of the significant user-required or user-expected characteristics have been rare. This paper gives an overview of the background, presents a framework of characteristics, suggests a differentiation of stages of user-computer interaction, and, finally, discusses some related methodological problems.


ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to advance an understanding of power in linguistic landscape research. After setting out and discussing the concepts of 'power over', 'power to' and 'power through', we present a case study of Chinese semiotic assemblages in the Australian regional city of Bendigo. Our research includes ethnographic details of the processes of sign production and consumption, and illustrates the ways in which power relations have been experienced through semiotic objects specific to the Chinese culture. Importantly, such objects are contextualised as to provide insights into inclusion, values, ownership and literacy by those in this specific linguistic landscape. To conclude, we argue that a close examination of the linguistic landscape can inform various forms and interpretations of power relations in diasporic contexts.