The invention is provided in the exhaust manifold, thereby improving the sealing performance relates to a gasket of the vehicle to improve the performance of the turbocharger. The car gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that in the automotive gasket interposed engagement portion of the exhaust Vanity folds formed so as to supply the exhaust gas to the turbocharger from the engine cylinder and the cylinder, the cylinder and the exhaust Vanity fold the coupling and fastening holes formed to pass through the connection unit to; Double half-bead portion the width between the fastening hole formed in a relatively large portion; And a half bead portion the width between the fastening hole formed in a relatively small area; Including, but the double half bead portion horizontally formed in the first side land surface; A first inclined surface extending obliquely from the first end side of the land surface; Central land surface which horizontally extends from one end of the first inclined surface; The one extending from the center land surface, the second inclined surface formed through the central land surface in the first inclined plane and symmetrical with respect; And extends from one end of the second inclined surface, the second land surface side with respect to the central land surface being the first side surface and the land formed symmetrically; A plurality of double and half bead is formed by being superimposed, the half-bead portion horizontally formed in the first land surface, including; Inclined surface is inclined at the extending end of the first land surface; And if the second land that extends horizontally from one end of the inclined surface; A plurality of half bead comprising a can be formed by being superimposed.


: In this paper, we present a generating function and an orthogonality property of a class of polynomials occuring in quantum mechanics.


In this paper the use of diierent methods from the fuzzy modeling eld for classiication tasks is evaluated and the potential of their integration in producing better classiication results is investigated. The methods considered, although approximative in their nature, correspond to two diierent approaches, in one case generating fuzzy rules with fuzzy sets in each domains and in the other generating n-dimensional fuzzy sets in the product space. The classical Iris data set is used throughout the evaluation process to form a common ground for comparison and performance analysis .


Marine mammal sounds classification is demonstrated using a novel application of wavelet time/frequency decomposition, and feature extraction using the BCM neuron. The system achieves outstanding classification performance even when tested with mammal sounds recorded at very different locations (from training).


The light-emitting device and its manufacturing method are provided. The light emitting device is the photo-conversion device, and photo-conversion as a light emitting element formed on the element, is formed on the light emitting element of the first electrode, and the first conductivity type sequentially laminated on the first electrode including a first opening a first conductive pattern, a light emission pattern, a second and a light emitting structure including a second conductive pattern of a conductive type, a, and a second electrode formed on the second conductive pattern, that the light generated from the light emitting structure through the first opening and a light emitting device that can reach the photo-conversion device. A light emitting device, the photo-conversion device, the opening


Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of external training load (eTL), internal training load (iTL), and well-being status, during a regular season week with one game, and to examine the differential workloads of players depending on their distance from game day during a competitive season. Method: Subjects were 10 full-time professional basketball players (24.6 ± 4.9 years old; 204.2 ± 16.8 cm; 97.9 ± 10.4 kg). Workload was recorded and classified as total duration training and duration of full game during a competitive season. A wearable tracking system collected eTL via Player Load (PL) and Player Load per minute (PL/min). Training sessions were classified based on days before a match (four days before the match day = MD-4, MD-3, MD-2, and MD-1), and MD. Session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were used for iTL. In addition, the Hooper index (HI) was used for well-being. Results: A significant difference was found between MD-1 and MD workload, MD workload being the highest of all variables: RPE (p < .001), PL/min (p <.001), PL (p <.001), and sRPE (p <.001). Regarding Hooper's categories, significant differences between training days and match were only found in soreness (p <.001). Conclusion: The results show that MD provides a unique stimulus in terms of volume and intensity. Consequently, coaches must incorporate specific training exercises to adapt players to the demands of competition. Finally, special attention should be paid to MD-2 and MD-1 in terms of potential accumulated fatigue and thus to ensure appropriate recovery time for athletes to adapt before the match.


Pottery is always able to bear higher temperature.The long-ageing a nd bitter performance for the glazed component on ceramic with antibiotic pharmace utical quality have been demanded


Most existing rate control algorithms are based on the rate-quantization (R-Q) model. However, with video coding schemes becoming more flexible, it is very difficult to accurately model the R-Q relationship. Therefore, in this study we propose a novel ρ domain rate control algorithm for multiview high efficiency video coding (MV-HEVC). Firstly, in order to further improve the efficiency of MV-HEVC, this paper uses our previous research algorithm to optimize the MV-HEVC prediction structure. Then, we established the ρ domain rate control model based on multi-objective optimization. Finally, it used image similarity to analyze the correlation between viewpoints, using encoded information and frame complexity to proceed in bit allocation and bit rate control of the inter-view, frame lay, and base unit. The experimental simulation results show that the algorithm can simultaneously maintain high coding efficiency, where the average error of the actual bit rate and the target bit rate is only 0.9%.


A revision is made of the initial symptoms in acoustic neuroma. The authors propose a study protocol to achieve an early diagnosis of this tumor.


In prismatic block High Temperature Reactors (HTR), highly absorbing material such a burnable poison (BP) cause local flux depressions and large gradients in the flux across the blocks which can be a challenge to capture accurately with traditional homogenization methods. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the error associated with spatial homogenization, spectral condensation and discretization and to highlight what is needed for improved neutronics treatments of burnable poisons for the prismatic HTR. A new triangular based mesh is designed to separate the BP regions from the fuel assembly. A set of packages including Serpent (Monte Carlo), Xuthos (1 st order Sn), Pronghorn (diffusion), INSTANT (Pn) and RattleSnake (2 nd order Sn) is used for this study. The results from the deterministic calculations show that the cross sections generated directly in Serpent are not sufficient to accurately reproduce the reference Monte Carlo solution in all cases. The BP treatment produces good results, but this is mainly due to error cancellation. However, the Super Cell (SC) approach yields cross sections that are consistent with cross sections prepared on an "exact" full core calculation. In addition, very good agreement exists between the various deterministic transport and diffusion codes in both eigenvalue and power distributions. Future research will focus on improving the cross sections and quantifying the error cancellation. I. INTRODUCTION It is essential for the analysis of prismatic HTRs to accurately determine the effects of Burnable Poison (BP) pins. Local effects from BP pins are less pronounced in an HTR core than in a Light Water Reactors (LWR). However, with burnable poison pins located in the corner of a block surrounded by reflector blocks on both adjacent sides, the flux depression can be quite significant. Additionally, due to the long neutron migration lengths in HTRs, the area of influence of BPs is spread over neighboring blocks. Error in calculation of the absorption reaction rates of these regions can have a significant impact on the local poison depletion and the isotopic distribution in the surrounding fuel as a function of time (1) . Consequently, these accumulative errors would affect power distribution and shutdown margin predictions through the cycle. In a similar fashion to the method used by CEA in the analysis of the High Temperature Test Reactor (HTTR) (2) , the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed a triangular based mesh to isolate the BP regions with a new meshing routine available in Pronghorn (3) , an application of the Multi-Physics


AbslracL It was shown in previous papers thaï the resolution of a confocal scanning microscope can be significantly improved by measuring, for each scanning position, the full diffraction image and by inverting thèse data to recover the value of the object at the confocal point. In the présent paper, we generalize the data inversion procédure by allowing, for reconstructing the object at a given point, to make use of the data samples ' recorded at olher scanning positions. This leads us to a family of generalized inversion formulae, either exact or approximate. Some previousiy known formulae are re-derived here as spécial cases in a particularly simple way.


Compounds of general formula (I), wherein, in particular, R1 is a farnesyl residue, V1 is OH, and n, m, R2, R3, R4 and Y are as defined in the description; a method for making same; and their use for making drugs for treating or preventing cancer, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, related cardio-vascular diseases, fungal skin diseases and other fungal infections.


This work presents a study of the sorption of a pre-synthesized polysiloxane, poly(methyltetradecylsiloxane) - PMTDS, onto zirconized and titanized-silica particles that results in efficient stationary phases for reversed phase liquid chromatography. The sorbed materials, after 6 days at room temperature without any chemical or physical agent, denominated as self-immobilized stationary phase, present appropriate polymeric layer thicknesses that cover the metalized silica surfaces. The self-immobilization of polymer onto titanized silica particles produces more homogeneous polymeric coatings and stationary phases without silanophilic activity. Zirconized silica-based phases were more chemically resistant, despite their strong retention of basic solutes. In general, the chromatographic performance and chemical stability of metalized silica-based self-immobilized PMTDS phases were similar to conventional chemically bonded stationary phases.


Aim: Oxidative stress is one of the causes of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Paraoxonase1 (PON1), is one of the oxidative stress markers. The most sensitive method that has been in use to measure PON1 enzyme activity is the measurement of arylesterase (AREase) activity. To explore relationship between AREase activity and CIN development.
Material and Method: A total of 58 STEMI patients were included in our study. The patients were divided into two groups as CIN (+) and CIN (-). The success of AREase activity level in predicting the development of CIN was also examined by using ROC analysis.
Results: Out of the study patients, 13 were CIN (+) and 45 were CIN (-). AREase activity was found to be statistically significantly lower in the CIN (+) group (875 U/L vs 819 U/L, p= 0.004). In the regression analysis, diabetes mellitus, contrast volume and AREase activity were determined as independent risk factors in the development of CIN. As a result of the ROC analysis, we concluded that the AREase activity level


The nitration of biphenylene with nitric acid in acetic anhydride gives 3-acetoxy-8-nitrobenzocyclo-octatetraene as the principal product. Addition reactions of biphenylene with nitrosyl chloride and formate lead to analogous products. Some facile rearrangement reactions of these compounds are described.


Try these activities, taken from the Hopscotch Book, Cosmic Maths, to help year 3 students understand numbers written as digits and as words, up to 1,000.


There is natural connection between psychology and economics. From the analysis of influence on economics by psychology, the influences include the general influence on economics and the influence on the economic academic schools by western psychology. And the former concentratively demonstrates as the implementation tradition of psychology-behavior in economic research. The later concretely displays as the affectable effects to the economic research difference by different psychologic schools.


To conduct systematically analytical study to this shear walls and to provide reliable scientific basis for the local standards,comparative experimental studies on superimposed slab shear walls and general shear walls under low cyclic loading were conducted.The structural failure feature,ductility,stiffness,energy dissipation were analyzed systematically.The seismic damage model based on stiffness and the seismic damage model based on displacement and energy were analyzed.The calculating results are in good(agreement) with the experimental phenomenon.The seismic damage model based on stiffness computed is more easy and could be used first.


Abstract : This study was an evaluation of the Department of the Army, Official Military Personnel File (OMPF), an A.B. Dick System 200 updatable microfiche system, with Access-M retrieval equipment. This study included evaluation of the systems at MILPERCEN, EREC, RCPAC, NGB and NPRC. This study includes evaluation of each center and recommendations for improvement of the existing micrographics systems, and recommendations for conversion to a digital imagery system to take advantage of the state of the art of emerging technology for the 1985-1990 timeframe. (Author)


Aim To explore structure of tetraazacalixarene.Methods Synthesize compounds by using the nucleophilic substituion of 4,4′-Bi(dichloro-s-triazinyl)aminodiplenylmethane with cyanuric chloride and make them characterized by elementary analysis,IR and 1HNMR.Results Two novel 4,4′-Bi(dichloro-s-triazinyl)aminodiplenylmethane andTetraazacalix[2]rene[4]triazine were synthesized.Conclusion Much regulation of the cavity size,develops,which will lay the foundation for molecular relognition.


Originating as a social media service, Twitter is fast becoming a tool of choice for rapid exchange of information across many scientific fields, including chemistry. And as the number of Australians using Twitter approaches 2 million, it is a terrific space to share your research interests with a wider community.


Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) are mostly powered by aqueous electrolytes. However, uncontrolled water interactions often confer a small voltage window and poor battery capacity retention....


The paper presents a small Wind Turbine System (WTS) improved with voltage compensation functionality. In the WTS the Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) control is designed to maximize the power output and achieve a smooth torque and power profile. The grid-side converter is controlled in order to maintain constant the voltage for local loads also in presence of grid voltage variations. The proposed control allows to obtain sinusoidal grid currents and high power factor during normal operation conditions while the control of the reactive power injected by the wind turbine system provides voltage support.


In the tourism interpretation,guide interpreter incompetent in cross-cultural pragmatic awareness and ability happensto make various cross-cultural pragmatic failures,which would result in misunderstandings or even failures in communication.Thephenomenon of cross-cultural pragmatic failures in the tourism interpretation from two subdivisions:pragmalinguistic failure andsociopragmatic failure would be discussed from the interdisciplinary perspective,aiming to the promotion of the quality of tourisminterpretation and the advancement of the cross-cultural communication between China and the west.


Introduction: This study aimed to determine the application of Patient Safety Goals (PSGS) - according to formal regulation of WHO Patient Safety and Joint Commission International (JCI) that set by Ministry of Health Act - in Inpatient Unit of Ciracas General Hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in May-June 2017 through qualitative approach. The FGDs were conducted with nurses who were served in the inpatient unit, while in-depth interview was conducted to the informants by considering positions, duties and functions, and knowledge of Ciracas Hospital. Results: This study obtains indicators of PSGS that have not well-fully run in the Ciracas General Hospital inpatient unit. There was one indicator of PSGS which was PSGS 4; surely of fits procedure, that not entirely asses as of its infrastructure had not finished build. Fostering patient safety culture and to follow patient safety goals framework are the essential thing to be improved in inpatient unit. Conclusion: Patient safety in Ciracas General Hospital has become the genuine concern after this healthcare facility was improved from a primary healthcare facility before. However, there were several aspects that had no change with this healthcare facility transformation including building to focus on health care delivered.


This paper studies the pricing of options whose payoffs are contingent on constant maturity credit default swap (CMCDS) spreads. We extend the convexity adjustment method for constant maturity swap (CMS) in interest rates by modeling the swap rate and CDS spread either as a single factor (a sum of the two) or as two factors separately. For the latter, we explicitly model the correlation between interest rate and credit spread in deriving our results. It is shown that when swap rate and CDS spread are independent of each other and when the yield curve is relatively flat, the two-factor model gives the same convexity adjustment as the one-factor model. Under lognormality assumptions, the model can produce analytic solutions for convexity adjustments as well as for the valuation of CMCDS derivatives such as CDS swaptions, caps and floors, and digital options.


Various metal-insulator-metal- (MIM-) type plasmonic waveguides and gratings are investigated numerically.
Three gratings are treated: one is formed by alternately stacking two kinds of MIM waveguides, another by
periodic changes in the dielectric insulator materials of an MIM waveguide, and the other by a periodic variation of
the air core width in an MIM waveguide. The dispersion property of each MIM waveguide of which the grating consists
is analyzed using the implicit Yee-mesh-based beam-propagation method. It is shown that the third one has
a relatively large effective index modulation of the guided mode with a simple grating structure, while maintaining a low propagation loss. Further examination is given to modifications of this grating structure. The transmission characteristics are examined using the frequency-dependent implicit locally one-dimensional FDTD method. We discuss
how the modified grating structure affects the bandgap of the transmission characteristics.


The association of clinical risk factors, in particular deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with risk stratification for pulmonary embolism (PE) remains to be identified. We therefore aimed to establish the relationship between risk stratification of PE patients and DVT of lower extremities.


The central area of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, where the city of São Carlos is located, is one of the largest world producers of alcohol and granulated sugar from sugar cane. As the market become more competitive, the factories seek for new technologies and more rigorous mathematical approaches. This work is inserted in this context, where partnership between university and industry is encouraged. The key steps in the sugar production process are the evaporation of the juice and the crystallization of sugar. The evaporation stage has great influence in the energy balance of the factories but, in spite of that, its automatic and optimized operation is not completely implemented in a large part of the producing units. By its turn, the crystallization step should be monitored very closely because is in this step that the final product is obtained, so quality issues are critical. In this work, the main aim was to develop non-linear dynamic models of these two important operations. The models used industrial data collected from Usina Santa Adélia (evaporation stage) and Usina São Martinho (crystallization stage). The processes of the two factories were accompanied, analyzed and sampled. A steady-state and a dynamic models of the evaporation were developed using the classical approach – material and energy balances. Both models were designed in such way that they depend only on few assumptions and on measurements available on-line. The results obtained with the steady-state model fully characterized all streams of the multiple-effect evaporator and allowed to estimate the steam flow rate bled from the equipment. With the dynamic model it was possible to calculate the concentration of the syrup in the last effect. Comparison between the predicted values and the actual industrial data showed that the model generated estimates in the same range of values and reproduced the behavior of the variable. The analysis of the results suggested that more measurements would be necessary to develop a reliable model (in the process control sense) and demonstrated that it is difficult to use the industrial data in the format they are found in the historical data files. To overcome these inconveniences an artificial neural network was developed as a software sensor for the Brix in the last effect. Several topologies were tested and the results of the best ones were very good. Unfortunately, as the performance of the predictions depends on the quality of the training set, it was necessary a real effort to preprocess all available data. The proposed model for the crystallizer (batch vacuum pan) select in the crystallization stage was constituted by a system of nonlinear algebraic and differential equations. Besides the energy and material balances, the model included the population balance, which allowed the calculation of the average crystal size and its coefficient of variation during the strike. Even with severe assumptions and few input data, the model was able to make good predictions of the trajectories of the state variables of the equipment. The analysis of the results also showed that some aspects of the automatic operation affect the stability of the process. Finally, it could be said that the first principles and the neural network approaches could become powerful, useful and reliable tools to model the stages of sugar production if more sensors were installed in the process. SUMÁRIO Pág. Lista de Figuras......................................................................................................... i Lista de Tabelas........................................................................................................ vi Nomenclatura............................................................................................................ vii 1. Introdução............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Motivação...................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Objetivos....................................................................................................... 3 2. Pareceria Universidade-Empresa.......................................................................... 4 2.1. Parceria DEQ-UFSCar / CTC-Copersucar / Usina Santa Adélia / Usina São Martinho........................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1. A Copersucar e as Usinas Envolvidas no Projeto............................... 4 2.1.2. Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC)............................................ 5 3. Revisão Bibliográfica............................................................................................ 6 3.1. Literatura Relacionada ao Processo de Produção de Açúcar........................ 6 3.1.1. A Cana de Açúcar............................................................................... 6 3.1.2. Etapa de Evaporação........................................................................... 8 188.8.131.52. Evaporador de Múltiplo Efeito............................................... 9 3.1.3. Etapa de Cristalização......................................................................... 11 220.127.116.11. Métodos de Esgotamento........................................................ 13 3.1.4. Cristalização Industrial........................................................................ 16 3.2. Literatura de Simulação e Identificação de Processos.................................. 18 3.3. Redes Neurais................................................................................................ 26 4. Metodologia de Trabalho...................................................................................... 32 5. Etapa de Evaporação............................................................................................. 35 5.1. Descrição das Condições na Planta Industrial da Usina Santa Adélia.......... 35 5.2. Obtenção dos Dados de Processo.................................................................. 41 5.3. Atividades Relacionadas com a Seleção e a Análise dos Dados................... 44 5.4.Materiais e Métodos....................................................................................... 46 5.4.1. Pontos de Amostragem....................................................................... 46 5.5. Modelagem do Processo................................................................................ 50 5.5.1. Modelo Matemático do Evaporador.................................................... 51 18.104.22.168. Modelo do Estado Estacionário do EME................................ 51 22.214.171.124.1. Resultados da Modelagem do Estado Estacionário. 57 184.108.40.206.2. Implementação Gráfica............................................ 60 18.104.22.168. Modelo do Estado Transiente do EME................................... 61 5.6. Utilização de Redes Neurais......................................................................... 68 5.6.1. Análise dos Dados de Entrada............................................................. 69 5.7. Conclusões da Etapa de Evaporação............................................................. 80 5.8. Sugestões para Trabalhos Futuros na Área de Evaporação........................... 81 6. Etapa de Cristalização........................................................................................... 83 6.1. Descrição das Condições na Planta Industrial da Usina São Martinho......... 83 6.2. Materiais e Métodos...................................................................................... 93 6.2.1. Pontos de Amostragem....................................................................... 93 6.2.2. Obtenção do Mel e dos Cristais.......................................................... 94 6.2.3. Análise Granulométrica dos Cristais................................................... 97 6.2.4. Testes no Ambiente Industrial............................................................ 101 6.3. Modelagem do Processo................................................................................ 103 6.3.1. Supersaturação.................................................................................... 104 6.3.2. Modelo Matemático do Cristalizador.................................................. 108 6.3.3. Adaptações do Modelo ao Ambiente Industrial.................................. 111 184.108.40.206. Vazão da Corrente de Alimentação de Xarope (FF) e de Água (FW).............................................................................. 112 188.8.131.52. Temperatura da Corrente de Alimentação de Xarope (TF)..... 115 18.104.22.168. Volume de Massa Cozida (Vm)............................................. 115 188.8.131.52. Taxa de Evaporação de Água (Jvap)...................................... 117 6.3.4. Balanço Populacional ......................................................................... 119 184.108.40.206. Fator de Forma Volumétrico (Kv).......................................... 122 220.127.116.11. Velocidade de Crescimento Linear (G).................................. 123 220.127.116.11. Difusividade da Velocidade de Crescimento Linear (DG)...... 125 6.3.5. Condições Iniciais das Variáveis de Estado do Modelo .................... 126 6.3.6. Concretização do Modelo Matemático .............................................. 129 6.3.7. Ajuste dos Parâmetros......................................................................... 132 6.4. Resultados das Simulações............................................................................ 140 6.5. Implementação Visual do Modelo................................................................ 147 6.6. Conclusões da Etapa de Cristalização........................................................... 148 6.7. Sugestões para Trabalhos Futuros na Área de Cristalização......................... 149 7. Conclusões.......................................................................................................


This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 m 3 of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.


The process of bladder emptying or voiding must obey the natural physical laws of hydrodynamics, i. e., the pressure of the urine in the bladder must be great enough to overcome the resistance to flow offered by the urethra throughout the act of micturition. This is normally achieved by the "voiding reflex," which is a spinal reflex whose centre is sited in the sacral cord. The afferent route of this reflex is by way of the parasympathetic fibres of the sacral nerves from pressure receptors in the bladder wall and the efferent pathway is through similar parasympathetic fibres which supply the detrusor muscle of the bladder. The reflex is under a degree of voluntary control in that it can be inhibited or facillitated from centres in the brain through the long nerve fibres of the spinal tracts. The contraction of the detrusor muscle results in an intravesical pressure or driving force of some 20 to 60 cm of water in the normal male, and rather less in the female, and this pressure is maintained until voiding is completed. Barrington ( 192 1 ) showed that this was accomplished by a complementary reflex in response to the stimulus of urine in the urethra, but later workers have been unable to confirm the presence of this mechanism in man, although it is agreed that, in the healthy human, detrusor contraction maintains a constant intravesical pressure until the bladder has entirely expelled its contents. The total resistance to flow is the summation of the separate resistances imposed by the bladder outlet or internal meatus, the external sphincter muscle and the length of the urethral tube and perhaps also the nozzle effect of the external meatus. I t also includes the resistance caused by the turbulence of the urinary stream since Smith (1964) has shown that the calculated value of the Reynolds number is too high for laminar flow during normal micturition, Obviously, the resistance varies with changes in the action of the muscles in the wall of the urethra, and it has been demonstrated electromyographically that the normal external sphincter is completely relaxed during micturition (Susset et al. 1965). The muscle at the internal meatus is not a circular sphincteric muscle as was supposed in the past, but is composed of longitudinal extensions from the detrusor muscle which embrace the sides of the urethra and whose function appears to be to pull open the internal meatus at the


Previous work by the authors has identified five factors-ideology (political and professional), government policy, organisational structure, organisational culture, and key staff—that may influence liaison between sport and tourism agencies. Of these five influences government policy is perhaps the most obvious. This paper examines recent government policy in Britain in respect of sport and tourism, focusing particularly on policy formulated under the auspices of the Department of National Heritage since its creation in 1992. A review of regional policy as it stood in 1994 showed some limited piecemeal liaison between sport and tourism agencies. However, using recently collected empirical evidences, this paper argues that whilst the creation of a Department of National Heritage may appear to bring the sport and tourism sectors closer together, many of its policy initiatives have served to make liaison between the two sectors less likely. The paper speculates that future prosperous sport-tourism relationsh...


In 1965 the author received a number of collections of soil fungi. The collections were made by Mr. M. Kessel, exchange student at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, from soil taken from experimental plots of the Frankenwald Pasture Research Station, Johannesburg, and were tentatively identified as species of Chaetomium. Of these, five isolates are described as new species. The descriptions were prepared from cultures grown at 25 C on potato-malt-cellulose agar (Ames, 1961). Color references are according to Ridgway (1912). The type specimens, in the form of dried agar cultures, have been deposited in the National Herbarium (PRE) (Mycological Herbarium), Department of Agricultural Technical Services, P.O. Box 994, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.


With the development of Web Services and Semantic Web,there comes a new research called Semantic Web Services.Semantic Web Services uses ontology to enhance the expression ability of Web Services.It brings more automation and intelligence to the discovery, execution, composition and interaction of Web Services.This paper pays attention to the non-functional attributes of Web Services,that is,the QoS of Web Services.We analyze the composition of Semantic Web Services on the basis of QoS,and propose a QoS ontology model for Web Services.Also,the use of this model is explained.


Aim: to analyze stressful situations of nurses working in a university hospital. Method: cross-sectional study that used a part of a data bank from a master dissertation regarding the topic. The sample consisted of 73 nurses of a university hospital in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Information about stressful work situations were collected through the summarized version of the Scale of Karasek (Job Stress Scale). For data analysis we used the chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: only the job sector had a statistically significant association with exposure to stressful situations (p-value = 0.05). Conclusions : obtained results suggest that nurses experience stressful work situations. However, it is recommended to conduct further studies to obtain more representative estimates, which explore occupational stress and other factors not addressed in this study. Descriptors: Burnout, professional; Nursing; Occupational health.


This research is entitled "Assimilation of Javanese and Batak Culture in Batu Tiga Belas Village, Dolok Masihul District, Tengah Bedagai Regency".  Assimilation occurs when there are groups of people with different cultural backgrounds interacting directly intensively for a long time. The result of the assimilation process is the thinning of the boundaries between individuals to identify themselves with common interests. That is, adjusting his will with the group. The same goes for one group to another. The formulation of the problem in this study are: 1. What is meant by cultural assimilation?  2. How do people view the assimilation of Javanese and Batak cultural marriages?  This study aims to determine the assimilation of Javanese and Batak culture in Batu Tiga Belas Village, Dolok Masihul District, to determine the influence of Javanese and Batak cultural assimilation in Batu Tiga Belas Village, Dolok Masihul District, to increase knowledge for students of the Study of Religions in assimilation between two different tribes.  different.  The research method used by researchers is an anthropological approach.  The findings of this study are: first, there is a change in language, second, there is transmigration of Javanese people to the majority Batak environment because of work in Batu Tiga Belas Village, katiga, there is education outside the village then meets other cultures and adapts, causing marriage.


Law means a body of legal rules that are intended to alter behavior, Morality means rules of conduct that are associated with certain distinctive psychological and social attributes. The four pillars of classifying Law and Morality are Historical, Philosophical, Analytical, and Sociological. One can differentiate between LAW & MORALITY on their cost of establishment, their way of enforcement and nature of conduct. In many ways both LAW & MORALITY are dependent on each other.


Based on RSLinx OPCServer and DDE technology,this paper achieved the communication between PLC,RSView32,VB and VB client of the host computer.This method has been successfully applied in the elevator control cabinet type testing system and simply realized the intelligent process of system detection and data management.


The Synthesis Report on the implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing in the ECE region between 2012 and 2017 reported on progress in implementing the objectives of the 2012 Vienna Declaration in which ECE member States had set the priorities for the implementation of the Madrid International Plan for the period 2012-2017. 45 national reports informed the report. This document presents relevant sections as an input to the two focus areas "autonomy and independence" and "long-term care and palliative care".


Focusing on pressurizer level control system of nuclear power plant, the paper introduces and analyzes the cascade control structure, also using the recursive least squares method to identify the mathematical model of the control system Then, theory of parameter tuning in complex control system is described, and PID parameter tuning is achieved based on relay-feedback (RF) method. Finally, by the way of experiments before and after parameter optimization on simulator of the nuclear power plant, the results are compared and effect of parameter optimization is validated


Looking in detail at 14th-century Gloucestershire, the author examines the role of the gentry in their communities, government, military service, and the economy.


1.( Introduction The voluntary poisonings constitute a major public problem of health and society in developing countries. The risk factors connected to the voluntary poisonings are multiple and varied, we can quote among others social or school problems and psychiatric pathologies. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) recorded 345 814 deaths by poisonings in the world, that is 5.4 deaths for 100 000 inhabitants [1]. In Bamako, at 2012 Diallo and al, found that 37 % of the poisonings were voluntary [2]. In Morocco, between 1980 and 2007 the voluntary poisonings represent 26.4 % of all the poisonings [3]. In the Center of poison in Quebec between 1989 and 2007, phone calls for poisoning of voluntary type represented 15.6 % of all the poisonings [4]. In 2006, the Center anti poisoning and of toxic vigilance in France recorded a 15.7 % frequency [5]. This study has objective to determine the epidemiological profile of the voluntary poisonings in Morocco from 1980 to 2014 and to determine the risk factors, which influence the prognosis for survival of the poisoned.


We present a theoretical study on the effects of electron-LO-phonon interaction in two coupled stacked $\mathrm{In}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{In}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{As}$ quantum dots. The resonant and nonresonant electron-phonon coupling contributions to the polaron states are obtained in the framework of the Green function formalism and perturbation approaches at zero and finite temperatures. Ground state renormalization is achieved due to phonon virtual absorption at $Tg0$. Tunneling effects between dots have been addressed and their influence on the electronic properties and optical absorption are analyzed. Topological modifications of electronic orbitals are found as a result of phonon-assisted tunneling.


In hemodialysis patients, non-adherence to fluid restriction is associated with high interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and adverse outcomes. Monitoring drinking behaviour and direct feedback to the patient can lead to better adherence. We developed the MySleeve, a device that can be wrapped around a drinking glass to monitor fluid intake throughout the day. The MySleeve will also provide a subtle vibration on the glass when the amount drunk exceeds target. The information about drinking behaviour can be found in the accompanying application on a mobile phone. In this study, we investigate the effect of direct feedback and information to the patient on fluid restriction adherence, measured by the IDWG


In the process of producing some complex templates in small and medium enterprises,its cavity material is often removed through drilling rows of small or large holes,then use the chisel to chisel excess material.This method brings some difficulty in removing the cavity material.This paper proposes a simple processing method,which can solve the problem of removing the cavity material of template.


The Protein Thermal Shift Assay (TSA) is a rapid and sensitive tool for monitoring protein thermostability, aiding in the identification of optimal conditions or conformations/sequences that favour protein stability, including the investigation of protein-ligand interactions. TSA is based on temperature-induced protein denaturation, monitored using an environmentally sensitive dye, such as SYPRO® Orange3. The fluorescence data is plotted and the midpoint or Tm of the resulting curve is taken as a reference of the thermal stability of a protein of interest4. Comparisons can then be made between Tm values obtained using a range of buffer conditions or addition of different ligands. TSA data have been obtained from the whole range of Applied Biosystems Real Time PCR Systems, including the 7900 HT, 7500 Fast5 and StepOnePlusTM Real Time PCR Instruments, demonstrating the versatility of these systems. The benefits of performing a TSA with an AB Real Time PCR System include the flexibility of runmethod programs, catering for a range of data resolution requirements, and in the use of small reaction volumes, providing fast and accurate results with only a few µg of protein.


abstract This study seeks to replicate Lerner's seminal research, documented in The Passing of the Traditional Society (1958), which led to his contention that Western democratic evolution was essential to the modernization process. Drawing on UNDP and World Bank data, the authors were able to explore the possible relationships between urbanization, literacy, and media and economic participation. Correlation tests were carried out to determine whether significant associations exist and these were compared with Lerner's findings from nearly 50 years earlier. These new findings support Lerner's original argument and suggest a systematic interdependence of urbanization, literacy, and media and economic participation.


The utility model discloses a B-type ultrasonography probe carriage, which comprises a base, a steering ball seat fixed to the base, a bulb support bar inserted into the steering ball seat, and an arc-shaped rack fixed to the top of the bulb support bar. The inner side of the arc-shaped rack is equipped with a soft gasket. The bottom of the base is equipped with a plurality of universal wheels. The B-type ultrasonography probe carriage is simple in structure. Since the inner side of the arc-shaped rack is equipped with a soft gasket, a B-type ultrasonography probe arranged on the arc-shaped rack is good in buffering performance and is not easy to vibrate. Therefore, the B-type ultrasonography probe is prevented from being damaged. The bottom of the base is equipped with a plurality of universal wheels, so that the B-type ultrasonography probe carriage is convenient to move.


There is an acquirement in good faith in every country based on the negotiability. The acquirement in good faith of negotiable instrument is an acquriement of credit right. The right is based on the bond, which differs from personality. It has dual structrues. One is the acquirement of the ownership of negotiable instrument, the other is the acquirement of right of negotiable instrument.


Lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor characterized by proliferating lymph vessels and composed of large cyst spaces with endothelium‐lined channels of varying dimensions. The incidence of lymphangioma is approximately one in 6000 pregnancies. Less than 1% of lymphangiomas are purely mediastinal. The great majority of cases are of cystic lymphangioma, but very rarely there is a mixed lesion consisting of multiple cysts of dilated capillary and lymph vessels. We report a case of posterior mediastinal lymphangioma diagnosed at 28 weeks' gestation, in which three‐dimensional ultrasonography was helpful in determining the precise location of the tumor. A Cesarean section was performed at 39 weeks and the tumor was resected on the 5th day postdelivery; histological examination revealed a mixed cystic lymphangioma. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The genus Eutyphlus LeConte, 1880 currently contains six species that may be easily distinguished from the other eastern North American members of the supertribe Euplectitae, except ThesiumCasey, by the presence of both a longitudinal prosternal carina and a pronotal basal sulcus (Chandler 2000). All species are restricted to the southeastern continental USA, mainly in the Appalachian Mountains, from Georgia to New Hampshire, with additional records from Arkansas, Illinois, and Ohio. Prior to the most recent revision (Owens and Carlton 2016), the genus was divided by O. Park (1956) into two subgenera: Eutyphlus containing E. dybasi Park, E. prominens Casey, E. schmitti Raffray, E. similis LeConte; and Planityphlus Park containing only E. thoracicus Park. The single species of Planityphluswas separated from others in the genus based upon the absence of the median longitudinal pronotal sulcus possessed by the other five species. In the most recent treatment of the genus, a single new species, E. spiralis Owens and Carlton, was described. Additionally, a morphological cladistic analysis was performed in which the genuswas recovered asmonophyletic. Characters that distinguishE. thoracicus from the other fivemembers of the genus are typical of species-level characters distinguishing other members of the genus from each other, namely the variation in the degree of impression of the longitudinal pronotal sulcus. For this reason, the authors did not include subgenera in the checklist and did not assign E. spiralis to a subgenus. Thus, the issue of the existence of the subgenus Planityphlus was not addressed. Taking these factors into account, the assignment of species within the genus to subgenera is artificial. The subgenus Planityphlus is hereby synonymized under the nominate subgenusEutyphlus, new combination. All six species are considered members of the genus Eutyphlus LeConte without separation into subgenera.


Social entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular in Latvia because it allows enterprises to implement economic activities while tackling social problems relevant to society. Since 2018, when the Social Enterprise Law was introduced, the number of registered social enterprises has reached 195 (in 2021). Work integration is the most common field of activity of Latvian social enterprises. According to the Latvian legislation, 13 groups at risk of social exclusion can be employed in a work integration social enterprise (WISE), but, in reality, many of these groups are not employed. The research aimed to analyse the factors influencing the development of WISEs and identify the challenges to employing the target groups in Latvia. The challenges identified are related to the difficulties faced by entrepreneurs in finding potential employees from the target groups, the social, psychological and health conditions of the target groups, their level of education and motivation to work. The lack of specific support tools also poses a challenge. As a result, recommendations are given for improving this situation. The research used statistical analysis, however, for an in-depth analysis of the information, interviews were carried out with work integration social entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship experts.


In the foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, are formations of dry tropical secondary forest hosting a fauna representative of Lepidoptera, which can be used as an indicator of group condition, because of their sensitivity to intervention and specificity in the use of resources. In the present study the changes in richness and abundance of butterflies Hesperioidea Papilionoidea in nature reserve Las Delicias were evaluated. Two sampling sites with different degrees of intervention were selected. The first site is located between 400-550 m over sea level, while the second at 200 m. We performed four samples, from April to July 2008, using two networks lepidopterist and 10van Someren Rydon traps baited with macerated fruit and fish. We captured 432 individuals belonging to 66 species, distributed in 52 genera. Nymphalidae were the most rich family (42) and abundance (250); highlighting the species Mechanitis lysimnia Fabricius (41 specimens), typical in forest with very good coverage. Site 2, was the most diverse (48) and abundance (236), because in this place there was a greater stratification and tree coverage, and the presence of water resources during the sampling. With the arrival of rain in June and July, there was greater flowering and fruiting of vegetation in the area, increasing the availability of resources and therefore a greater richness and abundance of Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea in the study area.


A thorough analysis is presented of how expert systems and existing simulation, evaluation, and optimization models in traffic and transportation engineering can be combined. The problems and shortcomings of the currently available computerized models are discussed, and potential applications of expert systems in curtailing these shortcomings are analyzed. Different taxonomies and configurations of how expert systems and other computerized models may be combined are shown, and the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration are stated. Finally, an application problem in transportation issues dealing with disaster evacuation and response planning is presented. It is concluded that expert systems and other computerized models work best when combined together to create intelligent computer programs.


A flow injection on-line filterless precipitation-dissolution system is developed for the FAAS determination of trace lead in water samples.On-line precipitation of trace lead is achieved by merging the sample solution with an ammonia solution.The resultant precipitates are collected onto the inner walls of the knotted reactor without filtration.A flow of 1 mol/L HNO3 is introduced to dissolve the precipitates and to deliver the analyte for the on-line FAAS detection.With a sample loading flow rate of 3.5mL﹒L-1/minfor a 40-second preconcentration,an enhancement factor of 37 with a sampling frequency of 60/h is obtained and the detection limit(3) is found to be 7.5μg/L.The precision(RSD,n=11) is 2.9% at the 50μg/L level.With the proposed method,the concentration of lead in a certified reference material(GBW 08607,River Water) is determined to be 0.96 0.04μg/g using simple aqueous standards for calibration.These results are in good agreement with the certified value(1.00±0.02μg/g).The method is also successfully applied to the determination of the trace lead in a variety of real water samples.


Objective To investigate the changes and correlation between nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) expression and brain water content (BWC) in perihematoma after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods Experimental ICH models of rat were made by injecting autologous blood using stereotaxic method. The expression of NF-кB in cerebral tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. At the due time, BWC was measurement by day-wet method.Results NF-кB expression increased obviously at 6 h and peaked at 48 h in ICH group(P0.01~0.05). BWC increased obviously at 24 h and peaked at 72 h. Obvious differences of NF-кB expression and BWC were found between ICH 24 h~1 week groups and sham operation group (all P0.01).There was a positive correlation between the expression of NF-кB and BWC (r=0.644, P0.01).Conclusion NF-кB expression is ascending obviously and involved in the brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage by inflammatory mechanism.


Compounds from the solid solution ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{y}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ were synthesized and found to crystallize in the partially filled skutterudite-type structure ${\mathrm{LaFe}}_{4}{\mathrm{P}}_{12}.$ The maximal Eu content gradually decreases from practically full occupancy $y=0.83$ in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.83}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ to $y=0.44$ for ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.44}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}.$ As a function of Fe/Co substitution in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{y}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ the magnetic transition temperature decreases from 84 K for ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.83}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ to 8 K for ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.44}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}.$ At lower Eu content, ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12},$ long-range magnetic order disappears. Concomitantly, the Eu valence changes from almost divalent Eu in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.83}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ to $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\approx}2.6$ for ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}.$ The transition metal exchange Fe/Co reduces the number of free carriers and causes a crossover of the electronic transport from a hole conductivity regime into electron dominated behavior. Thermoelectric properties change accordingly.


Abstract Although technology provides numerous benefits to young people, it also has a 'dark side', as it can be used for harm, not only by some adults but also by the young people themselves. E-mail, texting, chat rooms, mobile phones, mobile phone cameras and web sites can and are being used by young people to bully peers. It is now a global problem with many incidents reported in the United States, Canada, Japan, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, as well as in Australia and New Zealand. This growing problem has as yet not received the attention it deserves and remains virtually absent from the research literature. This article explores definitional issues, the incidence and potential consequences of cyber bullying, as well as discussing possible prevention and intervention strategies.


A mathematical model for water and sediment routing through curved alluvial channels is developed and applied in a case study. This model, which is for alluvial streams with nonerodible banks, may be employed to simulate stream bed changes during a given flow, thereby providing the necessary information for the design of dikes, levees, or other bank protection. This model incorporates the major effects of transverse circulation, inherent in curved channels, on the flow and sediment processes. In the simulation of the evolution in stream bed profile, the effect of transverse flow is tied in with the aggradation and degradation development. River flow through curved channels is characterized by the changing curvature, to which variations of flow pattern and bed topography are closely related. Simulation of these changing features is based upon the fluid dynamics governing the growth and decay of transverse circulation along the channel.


Abstract : This report reviews methods to determine the optimum model order of adaptive filter techniques applied to the problem of tactical radio direction finding (DF), and the related issue of the determination of the number of signals for adaptive filter techniques using eigen decomposition techniques. This work was carried out in support of research into advanced radio direction finding techniques for land tactical applications. For radio direction finding applications, adjusting the adaptive filter model order to a value less than the maximum (i.e., one less than the number of antennas in the sensor array) increases the ability of an adaptive filter based DF algorithm to resolve multipath signals. It is from this point of view that model order determination methods are discussed in this report. In general, the optimum model order is not known beforehand, so a number of model order determination methods have been proposed to tackle this problem. In this report, these are classified according to the autocorrelation matrix estimator used. Three classes of estimators are considered, which are: (a) the autocorrelation method, (b) the covariance and modified covariance method, and (c) the eigen decomposition method. (kr)


This document describes the procedures used to update the Brazilian data base in GTAP, departing from the original I-O tables of Brazilian National Accounts System. In this document the terms "sector" means production sector, and is sometimes referred also as "industry."


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic. We conducted a systematic review to reveal the contribution of dermatologists in COVID‐19 research. Two hundred and ninety‐eight articles were included and classified into cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, operating experience against COVID‐19, mechanisms and treatment of COVID‐19, disinfection and personal protective equipment (PPE)‐related skin diseases, and other topics. The value of these articles and their impact on clinical impact were discussed and we hope that dermatologists can have a better understanding of these areas from this study.


Making of Software Packages for Library Automation , Making of Software Packages for Library Automation , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز


Understanding how people interact with the web is key for a variety of applications, e.g., from the design of effective web pages to the definition of successful online marketing campaigns. Browsing behavior has been traditionally represented and studied by means of clickstreams, i.e., graphs whose vertices are web pages, and edges are the paths followed by users. Obtaining large and representative data to extract clickstreams is, however, challenging. The evolution of the web questions whether browsing behavior is changing and, by consequence, whether properties of clickstreams are changing. This article presents a longitudinal study of clickstreams from 2013 to 2016. We evaluate an anonymized dataset of HTTP traces captured in a large ISP, where thousands of households are connected. We first propose a methodology to identify actual URLs requested by users from the massive set of requests automatically fired by browsers when rendering web pages. Then, we characterize web usage patterns and clickstreams, taking into account both the temporal evolution and the impact of the device used to explore the web. Our analyses precisely quantify various aspects of clickstreams and uncover interesting patterns, such as the typical short paths followed by people while navigating the web, the fast increasing trend in browsing from mobile devices, and the different roles of search engines and social networks in promoting content. Finally, we contribute a dataset of anonymized clickstreams to the community to foster new studies.1


Abstract:Tractate Ma'aserot of the Mishnah commences with the general rule that one is not obligated to tithe fruits and vegetables until they become edible, and follows this rule with a lengthy list of different produce items alongside the time in which each one of them can be registered as "food" and is therefore subject to tithing. This essay briefly discusses this list to elucidate the rabbinic practice of list-making as a textual, rhetorical, and cultural phenomenon. It argues that this list demonstrates the complex and multilayered textual history of the Mishnah, but also the coherent and consistent message of the Mishnah that halakhah is the ultimate way of seeing, organizing, and understanding the entire world. At the same time, this list depicts a world in which halakhah is inscribed into rather than superimposed upon the natural order, and thus rhetorically turns compliance with rabbinic law into a desired state of harmony with nature.


RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES.The effect of ioxaglate and iopamidol, two recently developed low-osmolality contrast media, on the shear elasticity of erythrocyte membranes was studied at an iodine concentration of 300 mg/mL and at a 20% volume concentration and compared with that obtained for control solutions matched in osmolality. METHODS.The authors used a micromanipulation technique, which consists of visualizing deformations of individual crythrocytes when gently aspirated into the tip of a glass micropipette by an accurately controlled pressure. An erythrocyte membrane shear elasticity modulus n was then deduced. An increase in μ corresponded to an increase in erythrocyte membrane rigidity. RESULTS.In all cases, the erythrocytes remained discocytic. The shear elasticity modulus of the erythrocyte membrane is found to be (1) in the presence of ioxaglate (4.3 ± 0.9 μN/m) lower (P<.001) than in the presence of hyperosmolar saline (6.2 ± 1.3 μN/m) and lower (P<.02) than in the presence of iso-osmolar control (4.7 ± 0.7 μN/m); (2) in the presence of iopamidol (5.4 ± 0.7 μN/m) lower (P<.001) than in the presence of hyperosmolar sucrose (6.4 ± 1. 2 μN/m) and higher (P<.001) than in the presence of iso-osmolar control (4.7 ± 0.7 μN/m); and (3) lower (P<.001) in the presence of ioxaglate (4.3 ± 0.9 μN/m) than in the presence of iopamidol (5.4 ± 0.7 μN/m). CONCLUSIONS.Under the experimental conditions used, both contrast media (ioxaglate and iopamidol) modify the erythrocyte membrane shear elasticity modulus less than do the matched hyperosmolar controls. Moreover, ioxaglate makes the erythrocyte membrane less rigid, and iopamidol makes the erythrocyte membrane more rigid than does the iso-osmolar control.


Man is born free and he loves to enjoy the life without any physical or mental stress so that he can serve society as much as he can. Keeping in view all the environmental factors of the modern world it is difficult for an individual to remain fit both physically as well as psychologically to perform his daily activities according to normal standard. So an attempt has been made to see the fitness difference between a sports person and a non-sports person in psychological point of view and what is the value of sports in day today life.


Reaction of MgClR(OEt2)[R = CH(SiMe3)2] with GeCl2· dioxane in OEt2 yields the bright yellow crystalline Ge2R4[having a trans-folded C2h Ge2C4 framework with a fold angle of 32°, a germanium environment intermediate between pyramidal and planar (sum of angles at Ge = 348°) and a GeGe bond length of 2.347(2)A(ca. 4% shorter than in elemental germanium)], which behaves chemically as a singlet germylene eR2.


In the present article, we introduced almost [Formula: see text]-statistical convergence of complex uncertain sequences in all five aspects of uncertainty viz., almost surely, mean, measure, distribution and uniformly almost surely. Further, with the aid of interesting examples and diagram we investigated some interrelationships among these uncertain complex sequences.


Objective: To study the effect of osteoblast transplant and OGP on hormonal avascular necrosis of femoral head. Meth-ods: 25 adult healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group (n=5), experimental group(n=10)and control group(n=10). Rabbits in experimental group and control group were injected with econopred to make the model of avascular necrosis of femoral head. The rabbits in the experimental group were injected with OGP for four to eight weeks after osteoblast transplant; the rab-bits in the control group were injected with saline water. The serum ALP, BGP and mechanics character of femoral head were detected.The form and construction of the femoral heads were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Results: The levels of ALP and BGP in experimental group were much higher than those in the control group(p0.05).The maximum load and load/deformation of the femoral head in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group(P0.05). The form and ar-rangement order of bone trabecula and collagen fibers in femoral head of the experimental group were better than that of the control group. Conclusion: Osteoblast transplant and OGP injection have the function of repair for avascular necrosis of femoral head.


The types of injury signal in plant, the transfer model, the physiological changes of tobacco response to mechanical injury and control measures of potassium and nicotine content were comprehensively reviewed. It is concluded that topping could activate some injury signal fators, which resulted in metabolism malfunction of tobacco plants, thus, causing change in chemical composition in tobaccoo leaves. Futher research on potassium and nicotine in tobacco leaves was also suggested.


Mobile database is a specialized class of distributed systems. There are security challenges due to the distributed nature of the mobile database application and the hardware constraints of mobile devices. This paper discusses about the security issues that are associated with the database system which are specified in four main operations, such as security of mobile device, security of operating system on mobile device, security of mobile database and security of mobile network. The rapid development of Information technology has offered many opportunities for integrated business operations. Important security issues for mobile device, mobile operating system and mobile network that maybe affect on mobile database security are discussed along with possible solution. This paper will tackle various issues in database security such as the goals of the security measures, threats to database security and the process of database security maintenance.


Objective To investigate the correlation among MRI morphologic features, pathology, and molecular biology of breast cancer.Methods MR scanning was performed in 78 patients with breast cancer before operation and MRI morphologic features of breast cancer were analyzed.The mastectomy specimens of the breast neoplasm were stained with immunohistochemistry, and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), C-erbB-2, p53, and the distribution of microvessel density (MVD) was measured.The pathologic results were compared with MRI features.Results Among the 80 breast cancers,ER positive expression was positively correlated with the spiculate margin of breast cancer (P0.01).ER positive expression showed a significant inverse correlation with T-stage (P0.05).C-erbB-2 and p53 positive expression were positively correlated with the necrotic center of breast cancer (P0.05).And the expression of PR was not significantly correlated with spiculate margin, obscure margin, necrotic center, and poorly-defined T-stage of breast cancer (P0.05).Among the 41 breast cancers with dynamic MR scans, there was positive correlation between the spatial distribution of contrast agent and MVD (P0.01).Conclusion There exists some correlation among MRI morphologic features, pathology, and molecular biology factors in breast cancer to certain extent.The biologic behavior and prognosis of the breast cancer can be assessed according to MRI features.


OBJECTIVE:To explore the expression of ABCG2in CD133+tumor stem cells and the role of CD133+ tumor stem cells from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2in tumor multi-drug resistance(MDR).METHODS:The biological characteristics of cancer stem cells were tested continuously in CD133+cells,which were purified by magnetic Cell Sorting from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2and were in serum-free medium with EGF and bFGF,by CCK-8assay,clone formation and the xenograft tumor formation in BALB/C nude mice.Expressions of ABCG2/BCRP was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunohistochemlcal technique in speci-mens.The sensitivity of nasopharyngeal cells to chemotherapeutic agents were compared by CCK-8methods.RESULTS: The CD133+nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were successfully separated and identified;Compared with the CD133-(0.69±0.01)and control CNE-2cells(1.00±0.00),the mRNA expression of ABCG2was significantly up-regulated by RT-PCR in CD133+stem cells(2.27±0.09,F=886.99,P0.01);CD133+stem cells were more resistant to the che-motherapeutic agents.The resistence index for DDP,TAX and Vp-16were 23.874,5.520and 5.670(P0.01),while chlorpromazine was no selective to the two kind of NPC cells above.The resistance index was 1.082(P=0.488).CON-CLUSION:The findings suggest that the CSCs may lead to tumor multi-drug resistance(MDR)of NPC,Targeted ABCG2 combined with chlorpromazine may become a new way to overcome tumor multi-drug resistance.


For China, the lesson of European countries is an important warning for China's national debt management. High levels of economic growth and fiscal revenue of cannot continue for a long time, while there is a pressure to the growth of financial expenditure, and the increase of budget deficit and national debt from the national public economic management system, the urgent demand of social transformation and supply responsibilities of public goods are not clearly defined. To understand the potential risks of the debt crisis and adopt a rational response strategy has been a practical requirement. Keywords-debt crisis; fiscal risk; government debt. I. THE ORIGIN OF EUROPEAN DEBT CRISIS There is no doubt that the international financial crisis and debt crisis in Europe, they are not finished. This paper attempts to present the author's view on the European sovereign debt crisis' causes and its inspiration for China to prevent the risk of debt. An important reason why the debt crisis in Europe has drown such a strong attention is that EU is one of the world's major developed economies and the operational mechanism of its market economy system should have been perfect, but why have Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and many other countries been dragged into the quagmire of the debt crisis? Firstly, management system in euro zone is unique. Still take Greece as an example, as a relatively weaker economy in the euro zone; the Greek government has a motivation to loose fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. Before joining the euro, Greek government needs to consider many conditions and problems when takes stimulus, such as inflation, the influence of exchange rate rising on exports, and the poor economic situation would severely undermine the country's credit as well as its financing capability. However, there constraints have been greatly weakened after Greece joined the euro, because in the Greek view that the pressure of inflation can be diluted by other EU countries and the use of the same currency Euro will decrease the risk on exchange rate and secure export to some extent. Therefore, in the first few years with a relatively good economic situation, the Greek government did not fully comply with the Stability and Growth Pact and optimize its financial condition, but kept a continual loosen fiscal policy to further stimulate economic growth, that is a "negative externality" in economics. Secondly, the inadequate control of financial risk factors. To prevent debt crisis, controllable management of debt scale is the key issue. As an important source of fiscal revenue, debt financing needs an appropriate control line in the debt management mechanism. In this regard, as early as in 1991, EU has clearly defined in The Treaty on European Union that the deficit of member country must not exceed 3%, and the debt rate cannot exceed 60%. However, from joining the euro in 2001 to the eve of the 2008 crisis, the average annual debt deficit reached 5%, while it was only 2% of the euro-zone in the same period; Greece's current account deficit is 9% on average, on the contrary it was 1% of the euro-zone. In 2010, the deficit of Greece was 12%, the debt rate was over 110%, it has already far beyond the standard of EU. Although there were some differences in the deficit rate and debt rate among Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and some other countries, they all exceeded the limits set by EU. These relatively small and weak economies have no strong actions to deal with high debt and low revenue, they are seem to be powerless to resist a serious impact on some unexpected factors, and finally the potential debt risk turned into a debt crisis. Thirdly, consequences of the unsuccessful pursuit of high social welfare and economic growth. Over high deficit rate and debt rate, the lost of solvency and the broke of fiscal balance are the direct causes of the debt crisis. View from a deep level, the real culprit for the debt crisis is what resulted in the over high deficit rate and debt rate. The social welfare, we are talking about here, refers to the social welfare which is social security system centered, uses public finance as the ultimate security means, and directly increases the spending capability of social members. The national fiscal policy dominated by high welfare has exposed kinds of drawbacks in the 1970s, so that the Thatcher government had to make a significant adjustment in UK. However, due to the power of labor unions, the promotion of electoral politics and welfare concept, many European industrialized countries still maintained a high level of social security. What is particularly important is that the high level of social security accompanied by the aging population structure and the downturn of economic growth. According to a report of Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) of 2008, since the 21st century, the real growth rate of the European population is close to Zero, and there is a substantial increase in the proportion of aging people. Some experts have pointed that the recession of European economic growth is impossible to be reversed in a short time. International Conference on Education Technology and Management Science (ICETMS 2013) © 2013. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 227 The industrial hollowing of these countries is generally very severe, and made the economic competitiveness of these European countries have generally declined and restrict the creation of real wealth. While the conservative market mechanisms and human capital market of the European countries restricted the abilities of the scientific and technological personnel, which resulted in the decrease of new scientific and technological achievements' driving force on industrial development. II. THE WARNINGS OF EUROPEAN DEBT CRISIS'S FOR


Abstract. Seasonal biomass burning (BB) over West Africa is a globally significant source of carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere, which have important climate impacts but are poorly constrained. Here, the evolution of smoke aerosols emitted from flaming-controlled burning of agricultural waste and wooded savannah in the Senegal region was characterized over a timescale of half-day advection from source during the MOYA-2017 (Methane Observation Yearly Assessment-2017) aircraft campaign. Plumes from such fire types are rich in black carbon (BC) emissions. Concurrent measurements of chemical composition, organic aerosol (OA) oxidation state, bulk aerosol size and BC mixing state reveal that emitted BB submicron aerosols changed dramatically with time. Various aerosol optical properties (e.g., absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), and mass absorption coefficients (MAC)) also evolved with ageing. In this study, brown carbon (BrC) was a minor fractional component of the freshly emitted BB aerosols (


Music is a by-product of place and time. Musicians have opportunities to use the idea of place in their music. Thus, music has regionally distinctive characteristics which reflect human perceptions of the physical environment. Artists of the past and present focus on geographical themes, and paint a picture of 'place' in their music. This thesis focuses on the music ofa geographical location: Utah. Musicians wrote of Utah in hymns of the past, and contemporary musicians continue to write music about Utah. This thesis answers the questions: Is music characterized by geography? How have the local musicians been influenced by the physical geography of Utah? Included are hymns from various years, biographies of several artists and a sample of contemporary music on Utah. Also included are the results of a questionnaire given to twenty musicians residing in Utah. Conclusions are made from this information that music is indeed characterized by geography, to a great degree. COMMITTEE APPROVAL c^-^rTv-^ epartment Chair Alan H. Grey, Committee Member Chad F. Emmett, Committee Member


International organizations, including the United Nations, have worked hard to brand gender equality as a tool for attaining long lasting peace (Bell and Rourke 2010). These efforts have persisted for decades, notably gaining traction with the passage of Security Resolution 1325 by the United Nations (Cohn 2008). Current studies on women and peace have found empirical evidence to support the argument that women's inclusion and consideration in peacebuilding leads to a greater likelihood of peace and a lasting agreement (Stone 2015; Krause, Krause, Branfors 2018). Scholarship argues that women are good for peace because women bring a greater emphasis to the needs of civilians and vulnerable groups (El-Bushra 2007; Radu and Badulescu 2017). This underlying causal mechanism for the relationship between women and sustainable peace is widely recognized, but has not been empirically tested in the literature (Paffenholz et al. 2018). In fact, qualitative research on women's involvement in peace negotiations asserts that women's ability to influence the process is heavily limited in most cases studied (Buchanan et al. 2012; Paffenholz et al. 2016). I evaluate the commonly accepted explanation for the positive effects women have on peace with the following research question, "How do women influence the content of peace agreements?" I evaluate the relationship between numbers of women negotiators and the number of provisions on human rights and gendered interests. I examine the relationship between women and agreement provisions with a sample of 906 peace agreements from 32 individual peace processes over the course of twenty years (1990-2010), using a negative binomial regression analysis. I do not expect to find a strong correlation between women's presence in negotiation roles, defined as the number of women present at the negotiation, and the number of peace agreement provisions pertaining to human rights and women's rights. Rather than numbers, a major mediating factor is whether women have influence on the process, measured by the ability for women negotiators to speak, vote, and actively participate in decision-making discussions (Paffenholz et al. 2016). I conduct a qualitative analysis to demonstrate the applicability of my theory, using peace processes as illustrative examples of the mediating effects of influence on the relationship between women negotiators on women and peace.


The Chen hyperchaotic systems are synchronized via linear feedback control and the parameter is identified by using the adaptive control techniques even though the parameter is unknown. It is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory that the response system is able to track the driving system well and the parameter is estimated exactly. Based on the synchronization of Chen hyperchaotic systems, a scheme of secure communication using the parameter modulation method is presented and the transmitted plaintext message can be successfully recovered. Finally, white Gaussian noise in different kinds of signal-to-noise ratio is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed secure communication scheme. The return maps of the transmitted signals are provided to show the higher degree of security. Numerical simulation shows its feasibility.


Previous studies have shown that IFN‐γ is essential for the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) in mice. However, the exact role of IFN‐γ in the pathway (s) leading to CM has not yet been described. Here, we used 129P2Sv/ev mice which develop CM between 7 and 14 days post‐infection with PbA. In this strain, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were involved in the effector phase of CM. When 129P2Sv/ev mice deficient in the IFN‐γ receptor α chain (IFN‐γR1) were infected with PbA, CM did not occur. Migration of leucocytes to the brain at the time of CM was observed in wild type (WT) but not in deficient mice. However, in the latter, there was an accumulation of T cells in the lungs. Analysis of chemokines and their receptors in WT and in deficient mice revealed a complex, organ‐specific pattern of expression. Up‐regulation of RANTES/CCL5, IP‐10/CCL3 and CCR2 was associated with leucocyte migration to the brain and increased expression of MCP‐1/CCL2, IP‐10/CCL3 and CCR5 with leucocyte migration to the lung. This shows that IFN‐γ controls trafficking of pathogenic T cells in the brain, thus providing an explanation for the organ‐specific pathology induced by PbA infection.


This paper describes how a tutorial for students of basic algebra was organized as an experiential exercise. An industrial company paradigm was adopted, with solved algebra problems as the company's product. Work teams were organized around specified job assignments with corporate coordination and planning being provided by a management committee. The method could be adapted to a variety of other subject matter.


Abstract Electronarcosis, the immobilization of a fish after an electric current has been applied and discontinued, is a potential alternative to chemical anesthetics. Successful narcosis was defined as the immobilization of a fish for 1–15 min without causing physical damage. In the laboratory, AC successfully narcotized juvenile (13–19-cm standard length, SL) northern pike (Esox lucius) at selected voltages; however, AC voltages that produced narcosis or resulted in physical damage were variable and unpredictable. In contrast, 60–90-V pulsed DC (PDC) for 10–60 s successfully narcotized juvenile pike without inducing physical damage. Duration of narcosis was directly related to voltage and inversely related to fish length. In the hatchery, sexually mature northern pike (45–97 cm SL), collected from the Mississippi River, were successfully narcotized by 60-V PDC for 10 s. Duration of narcosis was unrelated to fish length or sex, and averaged 58 ± 7 s (mean ± SE). This allowed sufficient time to collect eg...


Context. The second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue,2XMM, provides the ideal data base for performing a statistical evaluation of the flux cross-calibration of the XMM- Newton European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC). Aims. We aim to evaluate the status of the relative flux calibration of the EPIC cameras on board the XMM-Newton observatory (MOS1, MOS2, and pn) and investigate the dependence of the calibration on energy (from 0.2 to 12 keV), position of the sources in the field of view of the X-ray detectors, and lifetime of the mi ssion. Methods. We compiled the distribution of flux percentage di fferences for large samples of 'good quality' objects detecte d with at least two of the EPIC cameras. The mean offset of the fluxes and dispersion of the distributions was then found by Gaussian fitting. Count rate to flux conversion was performed with a fixed spectral mod el. The impact on the results of varying this model was investigated. Results. Excellent agreement was found between the two EPIC MOS cameras to better than 4% over the entire energy range where the EPIC cameras are best calibrated (0.2-12.0 keV). We found that MOS cameras register 7-9% higher flux than EPIC pn below 4.5 keV and a 10-13% flux excess at the highest energies (& 4.5 keV). No evolution of the flux ratios is seen with time, exc ept at the lowest energies (. 0.5 keV), where we found a strong decrease in the MOS to pn flux r atio with time. This effect is known to be due to a gradually degrading MOS redistribution function. The flux ratios show some dependence on distance from the optic al axis in the sense that the MOS to pn flux excess increases with o ff-axis angle. Furthermore, in the 4.5-12.0 keV band there is a strong dependence of the MOS to pn excess flux on the azimuthal-angle . These results strongly suggest that the calibration of the Reflection Grating Array (RGA) blocking factors is incorrect at high energies. Finally, we recommend ways to improve the calculation of fluxes in future versions of XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogues.


Abstract : International conflict is defined as negative interactions between nations, that is, hostile actions taken by one nation toward another nation. Those interactions include a continuum of conflict types ranging from verbal accusations to military action. Thus international conflict is not restricted to military encounters. The index of conflict that has been developed is intended to indicate the proportion of conflictual interaction within nation pairs of dyads. The index attempts to place conflict interaction is perspective by accounting for both positive and negative interaction between nations. The regression model that will be used to forecast international conflict contains five exogenous (externally determined) and four endogenous (internally determined) predictors. Exogenous predictors include geographic proximity/ contiguity, number of treaties, defense as a percent of GNP, social distance, and level of interaction. Endogenous predictors are previous levels of conflict between dyad members, military power base, alignment, and internal instability.


Daniel Ogden's "Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death", first published in 1999, has established itself as the principal guide to the history of royal women and their court intrigues throughout the Hellenistic period. The author supplies clear narrative and analysis of the strategic in-fighting involving the numerous Cleopatras, Laodices and Stratonices, their female rivals, their male relatives, and enemies. Ogden's book does much to establish the importance of royal women for the increasingly-studied Hellenistic age.


The aim of this thesis is to make a suscienta review of possible causes of eosinophilic cause reaction in the blood.


The identification of influencers in any type of online social network is of paramount importance, as they can significantly affect consumers' purchasing decisions. This paper proposes the utilization of a self-designed web scraper to extract meaningful information for the identification of influencers and the analysis of how this new set of variables can be used to predict them. The experimental results from the Ciao UK website will be used to illustrate the proposed approach and to provide new insights in the identification of influencers. Obtained results show the importance of the trust network, but considering the intensity and the quality of both trustors and trustees.


As a result of outbreak and new transition of online education system, the researcher will find-out and determine the relationship of online teaching learning to teacher's perseverance. To analyze the difficulties and solution on the new normal of education. To be aware to the enhancement and improvement of the online teaching learning. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions; What is the level of online teaching learning among private high school teachers in Lucban, Quezon in terms of; instructional strategies, challenges, support; What is the level of teachers' perseverance among private high school in Lucban, Quezon in terms of; adaptability of virtual technology, learning interest, motivation; and Is there a significant relationship between online teaching learning and teachers' perseverance among private high school in Lucban, Quezon? The research design used in this study was descriptive survey method of research. The population of the study was made up of the total population of Private High School Teachers in Lucban, Quezon. Online survey questionnaire were the main instruments used to gather information needed for descriptive presentation of data, weighted mean and standard deviation were used, for the hypothesis presentation of data, the researcher used Pearson r Correlation. Based on the data, it is shown that there is "a partial relationship between online teaching learning and teacher's perseverance among private high school in Lucban, Quezon" at 0.05 level of significance. It showed that the null hypothesis stating that "There is no significant relationship between online teaching learning and teachers' perseverance among private high school in Lucban, Quezon" was partially rejected, it could be inferred that there was "significant relationship between them". Based on the findings and conclusions made, the following recommendations are given; Triangular efforts to be made by the school principal, teachers and students in upgrading the virtual skills of teachers as an intervention perspective as an action plan for them as well for the benefit of the students; Continuous enhancement of training/webinar program on online teaching learning may be conducted for sustainability of the skills of


Nine male goats and nine castrated lambs were randomly divided into three groups of six animals to receive one of three experimental diets in a digestion trial. Diet S, provided chopped sorghum straw (SS), 28/ concentrate (C) and 10/ Dolichos lablab hay (D). Diet Su1 provided SS containing 2/ urea, 24/ C and 12/ D, and diet Sue1 provided SS treated to contain 2/ urea and ensiled for 28 days, plus 25/ C and 14/ D. Twenty four lambs were randomly divided into three groups of eight animals to receive one of three diets in a 56-day growth trial; diet S2 provided SS plus 60/ C; diet Su2 provided SS containing 2/ urea plus 60/ C, and diet Sue2 provided SS treated to contain 2/ urea and ensiled for 28 days, plus 60/ C. The digestion trial showed higher (P<.05) daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber for S, than for Sue1 and Su1. Dry matter intake was 55.93; 39.42 and 42.34 g[kgE0.75)E-1) for S1, Su1 and Sue1, respectively. Dry matter intake was slightly higher for lambs [50 g[kgE0.75)E-1] than for goats [42 g[kE0.75)E-1]. There was no effect of dietary treatments on apparent nutrient digestibility. During the growth trial, intake of straw varied from 17.97 (S2) to 24.78 g[kgE0.75)E-1 (Sue2), but differences were not significant. Daily gain did not differ between treatments. Total feed intake and feed efficiency were only slightly affected by dietary treatments. Average feed intake was 4.36/ of body weight. High concentrate intakes may have upset the effect of urea treatment and silo fermentation in this study.


Excerpt To the editor: Some statements in Dr. Ralph E. Johnson's article on staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease in the September issue (Ann Intern Med75:459-462, 1971) are confusing. Dr. Johnso...


Waist assistive power suit will be develop to prevent lower back pain for workers in industry. The significant of this research are this product can use by industry worker especially for carries heavy load and also can be used by the patient with a problem to do task normally. The exoskeleton spine are design to follow the 3 different types of DOF such as spine flexion(forward bending), spine lateral flexion(sideways bending, left or right) and spine rotation( rotation around the vertical axis). Each movement has each angle stress limitation on human body, thus the design are created to ensure that the waist assistive suit can protect the posture of human body while help to increase productivity by created a suit that give enough force to do their work productively. The objective of the project is to design and develop waist assistive suit while able to validate the design of waist assistive suit. Waist assistive power suit will use concept of human spine which can move in three degree of freedom (flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation). Hence the design will be concentrate into making a waist assistive suit that are reliable and mathematically proven in weight ratio in required torque to lift a load. The design will start by draw a model by using Solidworks software and the model will be simulate using a simulation in Solidwork software. Then the prototype will be fabricate and the analysis on the mechanism will be take place regarding weight, stress, strain, assistive torque using the spring, motor and material selection. From the result, we know that the maximum yield strength for alloy steel is 54 kg if applied direct force to material. The assistive torque that the spring correspond to the 7 kg load is 2.94 Nm. From the graph it shows that the increase of load and distance will increase the assistive torque produced by spring


Objective To analyse the cause of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis and prevent their occurrence.Methods A retrospective analysis of 35 erroneously diagnosed patients which suffered bronchial foreign bodies was made.Results The causes of false positive and false negative diagnoses were that the history of inhaling the foreign bodies was not known clearly,clinical physician′s lack of a clear recognition and alertness on these cases,inadequate process or short of experience in X ray diagnosis,and without timely bronchoscopic examination.Conclusion The history of aspiration of foreign body and clinical symptom are of importance for accurate diagnosis,X ray check up is a chief measure.If necessary bronchoscopic check up should be adopted in time.


In this issue of AIDS, Nosyk et al. [1] present significant results about the causal effect of opioid substitution treatment (OST) on adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Their study included a large database of 1852 HIV-infected, opioid-dependent individuals in British Columbia (Canada) and used a complex and consistent methodology to show the causal link between receiving OST and ART adherence. Their findings showed that individuals receiving OST are 70% more likely to be ART-adherent. Adherence assessment was based on pharmacy refill, which is an appropriate measure of ART discontinuation or interruption, two events that can seriously compromise ART success.


Knowledge of the electrical conductivity properties of excitable tissues is essential for relating the electromagnetic fields generated by the tissue to the underlying electrophysiological currents. Efforts to characterize these endogenous currents from measurements of the associated electromagnetic fields would significantly benefit from the ability to measure the electrical conductivity properties of the tissue noninvasively. Here, using an effective medium approach, we show how the electrical conductivity tensor of tissue can be quantitatively inferred from the water self-diffusion tensor as measured by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. The effective medium model indicates a strong linear relationship between the conductivity and diffusion tensor eigenvalues (respectively, σ and d) in agreement with theoretical bounds and experimental measurements presented here (σ/d ≈ 0.844 ± 0.0545 S⋅s/mm3, r2 = 0.945). The extension to other biological transport phenomena is also discussed.


This simplified tax package is essentially a substitute for income tax, capital gains tax (CGT), secondary tax on companies (STC), and an increase in the value-added tax (VAT) compulsory registration threshold from R300 000 to R1 million. Turnover tax is optional, meaning that a micro business can decide if it wants to use it or the current tax system. It is available to sole proprietors (individuals), partnerships, close corporations, co-operatives and companies with effect from 1 March 2009.