This research has an objective to improve quality of theprocessed waste from the mechanical biological treatment (MBT) by using bio-drying process. The processed waste has high moisture content and low heating value because municipality solid waste (MSW), a major source of the waste, lacks of proper waste segregation. These properties make the processed waste not suitable for being used as refuse-derived fuel in waste-to-energy generation and industrial heating systems. Bio-drying is the process that utilizes aerobic decomposition of microbes such as bacteria and fungi on biomass content of the processed waste. We studied effects of operational parameters such as temperature, humidity and heating value of the processed waste before and after applying the bio-drying process. High-quality RDF should have minimum heating value of 5,000 kcal/kg and maximum moisture content of 30%. We found that the processed waste before applying the bio-drying process has the lower heating value (LHV) of 2,451 kcal/kg and moisture content of 53%, while after applying the bio-drying process, with airflow rate of 840 m2/hour every 3 hours for 20 days in a closed system, has the LHV of 9,047 kcal/kg and moisture content of 5%. The power used in these experiments was equivalent to electricity charge of 351 THB, while the revenue generated from selling the processed waste as RDF for waste-to-power generation is 750 THB/ton. Summarily, the bio-drying process can improve the quality of the processed waste with low power consumption within a short period of time. The bio-drying process is a solution for tackling waste management crisis and global warming by providing sustainable waste management model for the future.


The present information relates to novel solvent-free aqueous polyurethane dispersions Polyacrylathybrid, a process for their preparation and their use for producing elastic coatings.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the identification and localization of objects, wherein each object (1) in each case a transponder with object-specific data is associated, which transmits its data when passing a mobile terminal unit (2) thereto, wherein said detection station (2 ) transmits the received object-specific data together with a location coordinate of the detection station (2) to a central unit (4).


F IGURE 1 Epicardialmapping showed a far-field ventricular potential (asterisk) and a near-field late potential (arrow) in sinus rhythm (A). During epicardial ventricular tachycardia, intracardiac fragmented near-field potential to QRS duration showed a possible exit site for the tachycardia circuit (B). Pace mapping from this site resulted in concealed entrainment and 96% correlation with the tachycardia morphology (C). Pacing site (dark yellowpoint) was demonstrated on the anatomic epicardial shell of the left ventricle (D). Bottomfigures (E and F) showed direct transthoracic visualization and mapping of the epicardium through minithoracotomy with corresponding fluoroscopic imaging, respectively [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]


From a theoretical point of view it can be expected that by grinding silicates in the presence of organic reagents a chemical reaction takes place between the newly formed surfaces and the organic molecules. Preliminary experiments on grinding of quartz powder in butanol seem to confirm these theoretical considerations.


Journalists are often blamed for producing scare stories. It seems to have been forgotten that many, perhaps most, modern scare stories are based on scientific risk calculations, and that journalists are not trained in scaring the wits out of people in that particular way. A more precise accusation might be that journalists are eager, unthinking and unquestioning conveyors of results from scientific risk calculations. Calculation of risk has become an important research product; a product fitting nicely into conventional journalistic storytelling, but the concept of risk tends to dilute value disagreement and conflict of interests into seemingly purely factual issues, leaving little room for political debate. Moreover, the cargo attitude of journalism is in conflict with the journalistic ideal of critical investigation and analysis on behalf of the public to stimulate common deliberation in the public sphere. Apparently, the production of scientific knowledge is excluded from the public sphere. Regarding discussions on science and technology, journalists will have to enquire into aspects of facts, values and social interests to live up to the ideal of investigation on behalf of the public. Several obstacles along this path can be identified, one of them being the commercialization of journalism in the media-industry and of scientific research in the knowledge-industry. Universities, in the search for a meaning of life, might consider providing a home for independent, reflexive journalism on science in a social context.


Post Operative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF) remains the most common major complication after partial pancreatic resection and is the principal matter of concern among pancreatic surgeons. In practice, most POPFs resolve spontaneously under conservative treatment. The majority of patients with POPF manifest with immediately obvious presentations after the index operation. However, a subgroup of patients presents with latent POPF. As pointed out by Pratt et al. [1] latent fistulae differ in that they lack an amylase-rich fluid on initial measurement, yet ultimately exhibit (either acutely or sub acutely) the clinical and radiologic findings indicative of fistula. Based on the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) definition, radiologic documentation is neither mandatory nor necessarily recommended for POPF diagnosis. Cross-sectional imaging is widely used in case of a deviation from the normal course, especially for interventional purposes [2]. Recent, multicenter, multinational report of >4,000 pancreatoduodenectomies indicated an overall POPF rate of 19.2%, of which 42.3% were grade A; clinical relevant (CR)-POPFs occurred in 11.1% of all cases [3].


As a community medical care is gradually advocated and in fact practiced, the attitude of general population in a community toward the mentally ill has become one of the central issues in various fields, such as social psychiatry, social welfare and public health. It is the case of sociology as well, and some sociologists try to go further to analyze the psycho-social mechanisms behind openly expressed attitudes by general population.This paper is proposed to test three hypotheses which have been established through literature research. They are concerning factors influencing over people's acceptive attitude toward alcoholics, and are labelled as (1) the hypothesis of knowledge, (2) the hypothesis of contact and (3) the hypothesis of relationship.The test sample is drawn from the general community survey conducted in Akita prefecture in 1978. The test results show rather rejective data to the knowledge hypothesis, rejective to the contact hypothesis and generally supportive to the relationship hypothesis, although these findings are not necessarily based fully upon statistical verification.Two issues reflecting the above mentioned results are discussed. The problem of why people in a closer relationship with alcoholics tend to show an acceptive attitude is discussed in terms of the traits deriving from primary group relationship and the topic of what is substantially "therapeutic" is dealt by spelling out the four attitudinal types, (1) acceptive, (2) restrictive, (3) permissive, (4) rejective, obtained by crossing two variables, tolerance to and involvement in alcoholics. The attitudinal ambivalence often observed in families of the mentally ill is additionally refered to.


OBJECTIVE
Migraine is a common neurologic condition characterized by the disabling effects it has on the patient. Despite recent progress in drug development, better pharmacotherapies against migraine are still needed. This report describes an herbal medicine that has a strong pain-relieving effect against migraine.

PATIENT
This case involved a 49-year-old woman with a 16-year history of headaches. Migraine without aura had been diagnosed at age 47 years. Despite taking antiepileptic drugs as prophylaxis, she had migraines almost three times a week, especially in the morning. As a result, 3 months before her visit to the study clinic she was prescribed sumatriptan, which she had to take for each attack. However, sumatriptan sometimes failed to work as a painkiller, and the patient did not want to continue taking it because she was worried about overuse.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME
According to traditional Japanese (Kampo) and Chinese herbal medicine, the patient was prescribed an oral sanno-shashin-to (Xie Xin Tang) extract formula to take at night to prevent her migraines. Soon after she started taking the formula, the intensity of her morning headaches markedly decreased, to the extent that triptans were no longer needed. Furthermore, her residual headaches quickly disappeared after the additional administration of the formula in the morning.

CONCLUSIONS
Sanno-shashin-to might have both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against migraine without aura. Although the underlying mechanism behind the effectiveness of this herbal medicine against migraine has not been fully elucidated, it is a possible option for the treatment of this type of headache.


The present paper describes the effect of alloy composition,homogenization anddehy-drogenization procedures on magnetic properties of NdFeB type of HDDR powders and the bondedmagnet.The results showed that the powders prepared by HDDR process possesses useful magnetic proper-ties and a better thermal stability than the sintered NdFeB magnet does.


Nutritional value of potato proteins and its changes during the preparation of potato protein concentrates was studied. Proteins were coagulated by a heat treatment (80-85°C) at pH 4.5, the coagulate was washed with water and spray- or drum-dried. Both the chemical analyses (amino acid content, available lysine and trypsin inhibitor activity) and the biological evaluation (true N digestibility, biological value, net protein utilization) showed that no changes (with the exception of slight fluctuations during the drum drying) occurred during the technological procedure which could adversely affect the nutritional value of proteins. Protein of the products obtained had a high nutritional value, comparable with that of the soy protein concentrate.


This paper proposes new nonlinear control system to realize a zero power control of magnetic bearing system using only electromagnets. It is clarified through the simulation and experiment that the proposed nonlinear control this paper is a very useful approach to realize a zero power control of magnetic bearing system. Also, this proposed control strategy will be very powerful to stabilize for big deviations from the equilibrium point because of nonlinear control. The nonlinear control system is designed based on Lyapunov's direct method. The electromagnets is switched by the nonlinear algorithm depend on the displacement and the velocity of a rotor. It is very easy to design the nonlinear control system because it consists of only two parameters. Also, the characteristics of closed loop can be changed easily.


This article presents an urban teacher education center as a process model of how a university can cultivate authentic com munity engagement. Three essential steps of the process model are identified: (1) being physically located at the school or com munity site in order to build trust and become integrated into the life of the school or community, (2) conducting community studies in order to learn about and understand the lives of com munity members, and (3) becoming involved in community engagement activities.


an admissible space in order to investigate the global properties of functional differential equations with infinite delay. The conditions based on space BC for global asymptotic stability of functional differential equation with infinite delay which is allowed to be non-linear are shown.


We show that for a projective toric manifold with the ample second Chern character, if there exists a Fano contraction, then it is isomorphic to the projective space. For the case that the second Chern character is nef, the Fano contraction gives either a projective line bundle structure or a direct product structure. We also show that, for a toric weakly 2-Fano manifold, there does not exist a divisorial contraction to a point.


We have used a variety of cw optical and optically detected magnetic-resonance techniques to characterize long-lived photoexcitations in methanofullerene (C[sub 61]) as a dispersion in polystyrene glass, at temperatures below 10 K. We identify triplet excitons with zero-field-splitting (ZFS) parameters [ital D]=105[times]10[sup [minus]4] cm[sup [minus]1] and [ital E]=9[times]10[sup [minus]4] cm[sup [minus]1]. The triplet excitons are characterized by two photoinduced absorption (PA) bands in the triplet manifold at 1.5 and 1.7 eV, both with a lifetime of 160 [mu]sec, and a phosphorescence emission (PL) band with onset at 1.85 eV and a lifetime of 10 [mu]sec. The difference in lifetimes between PA and PL is explained as being due to different recombination kinetics of the triplet sublevels. This and the finite axial symmetry ZFS parameter [ital E][ne]0 compared to [ital E]=0 for triplets in C[sub 60] show the lower symmetry of triplets in C[sub 61], consistent with its postulated distortions from icosahedral symmetry in the ground-state structure.


A broken ends defect detection method for tufted carpet based on machine vision and maximum entropy was proposed.The carpet's image obtained by cameras was given to the image processing system.A soft-threshold method was used for image de-noising,and three-level wavelet decomposition was used to reconstruct image,weakening normal texture images and highlighting the defect part.The entropy curve of horizontal and vertical detail image got by wavelet decomposition was computed.Through the curve,defect detection was done,and the position of these defects was got through the mutation of the curve.What's more,maximum entropy was applied to threshold segmentation,and window split method was used to locate defects.


The process of producing colloidal solutions of selenium nanoparticles in water using the laser ablation method is described. The prospects of using nanoparticles of elementary selenium as a nutrition source of this microelement are discussed.


Sustainable development situation in Jiangxi province from 2004 to 2010 was analyzed based on ecological footprint method.The results showed that since 2004,the per-capita ecological footprint,per-capita ecological capacity and per-capita ecological deficit of Jiangxi province had been increasing continuously.Based on the analysis on some ecological footprint relevant indexes such as ecological footprint intensity index,diversity index,social development index,it was concluded that Jiangxi province was in unsustainable development position.Analysis on the changing dynamic of ecological footprint of ten thousand Yuan GDP indicated that the utilization efficiency of resources had been improved.Finally,the causes of ecological deficit in Jiangxi province were analyzed.And countermeasures for reducing the ecological deficit to achieve sustainable development were proposed so as to provide reference for government policy formulation.


The verification process of software is of growing importance as it helps to assure that an application is correctly built. However, an efficient verification method of implementation of an application should also reject cases of invalid data which provide valid results. Thus, we propose in this paper a constraint-based analysis technique to detect vulnerabilities in Java applications at the executable level. We propose to exploit both the information contained in the Bytecode structure of the application and the information given by the user specification. Indeed, we show how the user specifications can be used to deduce the invalid input state that put the testing method in valid post-state and then to detect some defections in the Bytecode programs.


This study examines how care recipient impairment and family conflict affect adult children caregivers' stress. A particular focus is on how the gender of the adult child moderates the relationships among care recipient impairment, family conflict, and caregiver stress. Based on a nationally representative sample of 861 adult child caregivers, structural equation modeling indicates that family conflict mediates the relationship between care recipient impairment and caregiver stress. In addition, gender plays a key moderator role; that is, the relationship between care recipient impairment and family conflict is stronger for caregiving sons than for caregiving daughters. Overall, however, adult sons and daughters experience the stress process similarly.


Many contemporary democratic theorists now base their conceptions of democracy not on the value of citizen participation but on deliberation instead. This apparently slight shift in emphasis marks an important change in the critical project of democratic theory. Although participatory and deliberative democratic theory are in some ways similar, close readings of the recent work of a number of leftist deliberative democrats reveal not only fundamental criticisms of their participatory predecessors but a strikingly different assessment of the political world as well. Deliberative democrats strive to avoid the charge of utopianism so often leveled against participatory theorists; in doing so, however, they lose the power to distinguish critically between the potential for democracy and its realization. Deliberative democratic theory, therefore, should not be understood as a revision of the participatory project, but rather as an independent and, for now, underdeveloped theory of democracy.


A new olefinic s-triazine, that cited in the title, was prepared by the reaction of p-cyanostyrene with dicyandiamide. Methyl p-vinylbenzoate could provide the triazine in an improved yield. The triazine readily underwent radical polymerization in an aprotic solvent to give a soluble and thermally stable polymer.


The movement to real-time is the latest development in business intelligence and data warehousing. In general terms, a data warehouse costs in excess of one million dollars and it is estimated that approximately 67% of the efforts fail. This is a significant factor when data warehouses are being developed for small businesses. Organizations are compelled to use their own data to produce reports that may indicate or better estimate tendencies in the market. This study examines six small businesses to determine best practices for creating data warehouses. Companies included in this analysis are in the fields of health care, manufacturing, education, and financial institutions. In this study, IT professionals and management were interviewed to determine which practices were highly valued in the development of data warehouses. In this paper, best practices for successful use of data warehouses are analyzed by examining six companies to determine the design, development and implementation.


This paper uses daily data from the Tehran Stock Market (TSM) to illustrate the nature of stock market volatility in an undeveloped and young stock market. Although most studies suggest that a negative shock to stock prices will generate more volatility than a positive shock of equal magnitude but there is no evidence of symmetric effect in TSM. JEL classification: C52; G12 Key word: Volatility; Stock Market; News Impact Curve; Iran Stock Market


We associate an integrable generalized complex structure to each 2-dimensional symplectic Monge-Ampère equation of divergent type and, using the Gualtieri ∂ operator, we characterize the conservation laws and the generating function of such equation as generalized holomorphic objects.


The dramas by Cao Yu are full of profound family implication, especially within his representative work《 The Thunderstorm》, 《The Open Country》,《Peking Man》. The feudal patriarchal system and ethics morals destroyed the innumerable young people, deprived them of happy feeling. They felt extremely agony. When the normal human nature and feeling suffered devastation,it headed for the tragedy of deformity and abnormal.


This paper provides a novel technique for object identification from legacy procedural software, which can also be applied in partitioning of classes in object oriented software systems. Currently there is a movement towards object oriented design and programming, from algorithmic decomposition, structured design and procedural implementation. It is more economic to restructure existing software into object oriented topology by identifying objects within the subject system than to redesign software starting from requirements. Such object identification relies upon program analysis and a study of inter component relationships. This paper initially provides a conceptual foundation for migration from procedural to object oriented software architecture for legacy software. It relies upon a view of software li fe cycle, in which all software development is considered to be evolutionary activity with re-engineering/restructuring as an important process applied repeatedly on the artefacts of development at various stages in this evolution. Secondly, it introduces a novel approach of viewing a procedural program from an object oriented perspective in which there is a single god class which has a large number of global variables & methods, supported by several user defined classes which have no behaviour but data definitions. This view, coupled with repeated restructuring, enables a seamless migration of behaviour from the god class to other classes using design transformation methods. This paper distinguishes between the processes of translation and transformation and states that these two are orthogonal to each other, thus enabling us to concentrate on design transformations to migrate from one design to another, leaving the language issues to be handled by translators. It describes some basic design transformations which permit partitioning of classes while preserving the system behaviour, enabling a series of heuristics to be used in conjunction with design transforms to migrate to a better software structure. The main contribution of this paper is in the proposal of a new algorithm for object identification called resource usage matrix, a visualisation of resource usage within the system for object identification. A case study in object identification is presented to highlight the usefulness of resource usage matrix in object identification.


The numerical model and methodology of experimental researches of heat and mass transfer during the heating, boiling and evaporation of heterogeneous water droplet in a high-temperature area are presented in the work. The results of numerical and experimental researches of evaporation of water droplet with a solid graphite inclusion in a flaming combustion area are introduced. The conditions of an "explosive" vaporization mode realization in a contact zone of solid inclusion and liquid film (temperature of gaseous area is Tf > 1050 K and water film thickness is 5R > 0.210 -3 m) are determined. The main stages of studying process are fixed on video: the droplet heat-up, the beginning of bubble formation of vapor at the interface solid inclusion - liquid, the volume increase of vapor bubble, the droplet fission. The influence of optical water characteristic (absorption coefficient of radiant energy k x )onthe typical period t h from the beginning of heterogeneous liquid droplet heating to the realization of an "explosive" vaporization conditions is analyzed. It is shown that for droplets with liquid film size SR ~ 0.510 3 m the change of the absorption coefficient of radiant energy in a wide range =10 -3 ^10 2 m -1 doesn't influence on t h significantly. The application possibility of water unprepared (in the case of optical properties) in a special way (for example from open ponds at forest fire extinguishing) for extinguishing composition is substantiated, provided accounting of the absorption coefficient of the liquid in the process of selecting the characteristic sizes of the generated droplets.


Subtitle: Security of transhipment containers bound for the USA remains a major concern. Paul Page discovers how one company is approaching the issue.


Microorganisms have developed various ways to resist the toxic effects of antibiotics. One example is the low permeability of the outer membrane of gramnegative bacteria [1, 2]. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a gramnegative bacteria), a clinically significant opportunistic pathogen, is resistant to many antibiotics due to the low permeability of its outer membrane. Only a few antimicrobial agents (e.g. carbapenems) show antibacterial activity against this species. The carbapenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with the presence of the outer membrane proteins OprM and OprN [3] or with absence of the porin protein D2 [4]. In this study, we constructed three types of liposome containing meropenem and examined their antimicrobial activities and biochemical properties. We suppose that the permeation of the liposome-encapsulated meropenem was not dependent on outer membrane proteins and was active against the carbapenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Religious culture is important component of the human culture. It is also one of the main components of tourism resoures. The contents related to religious culture in tourism have a strong attrac- tion to tourists. In the new stage, if tourism in Xinjiang expects rapid development, the influence from re- ligious culture on tourism cannot be neglected.This paper discusses the characteristics of Shamanism cul- tural tourism resource in Xinjiang. Furthermore, the thoughts of development Shamanism cultural tourism resource are put forward. The countermeasures of development are discussed as well.


Diet and exercise help to maintain optimum blood sugar level in diabetic patient by balancing insulin in the blood. The objective of the study was to measure percentage of diabetic patients doing diet, exercise and percentage of impact of diet and exercise. the results support that diet and exercise have great impact on diabetic patient to control the disease with healthy lifestyle. This also shows that healthy lifestyle can enhance life and maintain insulin level in body. It means that precautions and healthy life is better than the use of insulin and drugs to control on diabetes.


Numerical and experimental approaches have been used for characterizing the behaviour of these ancient structures.
Nowadays, a combined approach taking into account both possibilities seems to be the best option.
This presentation deals with the characterization of compressed masonry members, using modal analysis-based techniques. For the sake of simplicity, the theoretical developments consider these members almost or completely isolated, neglecting the influence of possible surrounding existent structures.
The effectiveness of a process like the one that is presented in this dissertation depends to a great extend, on the sensitivity exhibited by the final result, when the variables of the problem, experience small changes. Therefore, to establish beforehand, which are the variables that more influence the global behaviour, and to determine which their usual range of variability is - even in a coarse way ? are key issues.
In the presentation, the influence of the different parameters is analyzed. The information is mainly provided by two sources: the available literature, and the numerical simulation of a huge number of cases. The two more characteristic properties of these structural elements are stressed below: .- The influence of the curvature.
This is the geometric characteristic that differentiates the studied typologies: elements without curvature, elements with curvature in a single plane and finally double curved structural members.
.- The influence of axial stresses.
A significant part of the presented developments, have been addressed to determine how the dynamic behaviour vary depending on whether the axial stresses are related to the mass of the member itself, or to external requests. The stiffening effect in the boundary conditions due to the axial forces has been considered as well.
The Young?s modulus , the Poisson and damping ratios, the geometric imperfections or the characteristics of the chosen finite element and its application in the numerical description of the structure, are some of the parameters which influence has been studied in this previous analysis.
In the framework of the presentation, a simplified procedure for determining the axial load and the boundary conditions of under compression masonry existing structures, based on modal models has been developed.
The procedure can be extended to obtaining the value of other variables although it?s not pos s ible to increas e their number.
Like most of the structural or assessment analyses, the procedure deals with errors. Two different kinds of errors are summarized below: .- Averaged errors.In this classification are gathered those errors which are difficult to determine and those which are avoidable or with a contemptible influence. All of them are grouped in a homogenised value. This error is introduced in the process as a percentage.
.- Singular errors.Those errors are connected to those variables that have a significant influence in the final result. The error is bounded by establishing an upper and a lower value.
By means of a numerical model, a field of possible solutions is generated. This is the so-called numerical model.
In parallel, the dynamic behaviour of the existing analyzed structure is characterized, building with the results, the modal model. The quality of the modal data is verified using a number of assessment techniques.
The procedure is based on the fact that the objective variables are inherent properties of the system analyzed; therefore, their value should be determined no matter which is the modal data, used for it. Solving the problem, simultaneously using different experimental frequencies, should give as a result a redundant system with a repeated solution.
All the paired values corresponding to the objective variables which fulfil the condition of matching the calculated frequency with the one experimentally determined are gathered in a curve.
By intersecting several of them, a single point should be determined.


In a discussion of Nigel Simmonds' book Law as a Moral Idea, I argue that Simmonds is right to call law a 'moral idea', implying a connection between law and the morally ideal; in my view, that connection is compatible with a necessary connection between law and the morally non-ideal. I ask four questions prompted by Simmonds' work: Is politics a moral idea? Is there any such thing as law making? Is there a right answer to every legal dispute? What justifies a judicial decision? For each question I discuss Simmonds' approach, and I propose a tentative answer.


Dental caries is one of the problems in dental disorders suffered by many people. There have been many ways of handling such as using temu kunci and lemongrass plants. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of caries in vitro and predict the mechanism of action of the bacteria that cause caries Streptococcus mutans.  Temu kunci and lemongrass were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. antibacterial tests against Streptococcus mutans were carried out using diffusion tests with a combination treatment of temu kunci: serai extracts 5% b/v: 5% b/v, 5% b/v: 10% b/v, and 10% b/v: 5% b/v. The positive control used amoxicillin and DMSO as a negative control. Potency as an anticaries drug of drived compound from Temu Kunci and Serai were evaluated by molecular docking using glucosyltransferase (3AIC). The results showed that the combination of temu kunci and serai with concentration 10% b/v: 5% b/v has potential as anticaries against Streptococcus mutans. Molecular studies depicted that Panduratin A, Isopanduratin, and 1,3-O-di-p-coumaroylglycerol have great activity toward 3AIC, respectively. Especially for Panduratin A and Isopanduratin, those compound depicted great and similar binding affinity (-8.4 kcal mol-1) that lower than Acarbose as native ligand  (-8.3 kcal mol-1). Furthermore, those compound binding similarity ilustrated activity mechanism similarly with native ligand toward receptor. Additionally, the profiling drug-target interaction suggested Temu Kunci's derived compounds have great potential as anticaries treatment.


This chapter examines a number of related offences that are found in the Theft Acts 1968 and 1978. The chapter considers the rationale for the existence of these offences and examines why it was considered necessary to have offences that supplement the general offence of theft.


Human rights have been championed as the new frontier in environmental and climate change litigation, especially since the Dutch Urgenda case. However, little is known about whether this alleged turn to rights is really happening beyond a few high- profile judgments. This article examines how and when courts have relied on the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in environmental cases in the Netherlands since 2016. In doing so, it will show the broad potential and wide range of environmental cases in which rights are used. Rights talk is at the same time frequently overlooked or avoided by the parties and the courts, partly because the added value is limited in the light of specific national (EU- inspired) statutory provisions. To date, the actual impact of the EC(t)HR has been rather minimal beyond Urgenda , partly because of the limitations in the ECHR. This articles sketches avenues for further (empirical) research.


An excessive level of debt can be very detrimental for companies as the financial crash in Iceland clearly showed. The goal of this project is to analyze the capital structure and financial position of Icelandic companies and in particular address the lack of research into the finances of small firms. The analysis is in three parts. First we look at the finances of companies, categorized by size, by analyzing financial reports from year 2005 to 2014. Then we look at various often quoted financial indicators and analyze trends and changes over time. The emphasis is on measures related to debt but we also look at indicators on solvency and profitability. Finally, we use multi-variable regression analysis to determine what factors can explain debt levels, including size, age, tangible assets, profitability and depreciation and amortization. We find that debt is the prevailing method of financing for Icelandic companies and that debt levels in 2014 were similar to those seen before the crash of 2008. The crash led to an increase of net debt of Icelandic companies by almost 50% in 2008. At the end of the year almost half of Iceland's companies had negative equity. Asset poor companies were hit harder than their counterparts that had more substantial assets, showing well how vulnerable companies with little equity are in a downturn. The regressions returned some surprising results. Large size and profitability seemed to lead to lower debt levels while a longer life span, substantial tangible assets and high levels of depreciation and amortization seemed to lead to increased debt. We conclude that it is vital for the Icelandic economy to reduce incentives to debt financing, replacing it with higher equity levels to improve the health of Icelandic companies and prepare them better for economic shocks in a shock-prone economy.


In 1996, I published an article in the Columbia Law Review identifying two distinct components of the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable searches, one of which is primary, and the other secondary. The primary right, I argued, is that of physical privacy against state intrusions. Through a series of hypothetical examples, I illustrated how the right of privacy belongs to the individual as a byproduct of where he is and what he does in his personal spaces. The examples involved two men who commit identical murders and subsequently hide the victims' bodies in their respective killers' front closets. One murderer succeeds in disguising the smell of decomposing flesh by using an effective room deodorizer, while the other fails, using a cheaper, less effective brand. When a police officer passes the home of one of the killers, she smells the corpse, enters the house and searches the front closet. When a different police officer passes the other killer's home, she cannot smell anything but decides for an arbitrary reason to enter the man's home and search his closet. In yet another hypothetical case, a third officer passes the home of a man who smells like a corpse (he has "dead body odor"), enters and searches the man's closet, but finds nothing illegal. Analyzing the various hypothetical cases (and a few more that I will spare the reader), I argued that the two murderers have an equal entitlement to privacy in the closets that conceal their victims' bodies (i.e., no entitlement), regardless of the fact that one but not the other used an effective room deodorizer and thus prevented a passing police officer from acquiring probable cause. From their own perspectives, each killer—by using his private space to conceal murder—forfeited any interest in privacy within his closet. Conversely, the third man—the one who smells like a corpse—suffered an undeserved privacy harm, in spite of the fact that the police officer did not engage in wrongdoing by searching him. Notwithstanding these conclusions, I observed, something significant distinguishes the experience of the two murderers, the one searched legally and the


BACKGROUND
Little is known about trends in implementing skills-based instruction in US schools, specifically for sexual and reproductive health (SRH). We examined state-level trends in the percentage of US secondary schools teaching SRH skills in a required course in grades 6 to 8 and 9 to 12.

METHODS
Representative data from 35 states participating across 6 cycles of School Health Profiles (2008-2018) was analyzed. The prevalence of teaching four SRH skills was assessed through lead health education teacher self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression models examined linear trends in the percentages of schools teaching SRH skills in grades 6 to 8 and 9 to 12. Trends were calculated for states with weighted data (response rates ≥70%) for at least 3 cycles, including 2018.

RESULTS
During 2008 to 2018, the median percentage of schools addressing each SRH skill ranged from 63.5% to 69.7% (grades 6-8) and 88.2% to 92.0% (grades 9-12). Linear decreases in SRH skills instruction were more common for grades 6 to 8 than grades 9 to 12; linear increases were comparable for both groups. Most states demonstrated no change in the percentage of schools teaching SRH skills in grades 6 to 8 and 9 to 12.

CONCLUSIONS
Limited changes and decreases in SRH skills instruction in US secondary schools suggest efforts to strengthen SRH education are needed.


It has always been a difficult issue to repair and reconstruct the defect or stricture of long ureter. The clinical treatment methods are various,but each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages. New tissue engineering material provides a complete new way for regeneration of ureter. In this paper, the progresses and problems of various operation modes and the application of tissue engineering in repairing ureter are summarized.


An electrical connector system provides both electrically conductive connection and infrared coupling, and includes at least one electrically conductive member (35a - 35d) adapted to provide electrically conductive connection to another electrically conductive member (34a - 34d), an infrared member (37) adapted to provide infrared member coupling with another infrared member (36), and wherein the at least one electrically conductive member and the infrared member being held in positional relation to each other to be positioned with respect to a further electrical connector for electrically conductive connection and infrared coupling with respect thereto. A method of connecting electrical signals uses a pair of electrical connectors, each having an electrically conductive connection portion and an infrared coupling portion to provide for both electrically conductive connection and infrared coupling between the electrical connectors. The invention may be used in portable electronic equipment, including mobile phones, for example.


In an envelope stacker, a pusher mechanism continuously applies a force to the envelope flap for sealing the envelope. The stacker is comprised of a horizontal deck, a rear wall, and a plate for supporting a stack of envelopes. Upon receiving an envelope, a pusher advances the envelope towards the stack of envelopes while applying a continuous force to the flap and rear panel of the envelope.


This article acknowledges and summarizes much of the relevant published research, discusses some of the high-frequency trading (HFT) strategies that likely run counter to good public policy, and makes nine recommendations that, if implemented, would likely restore the perception of fairness and balance to today's 21st century modern electronic financial markets.


With the development of the times,how to cultivate the combined talented people of foreign languages is a significant subject for us to explore.On the basis of both theory and practice,the correlations between combined people and opening to foreign countries is discussed.Aimed at solving the problems in training and using the combined people of foreign languages,some suggestions are presented.


details of the population, criteria of selection of the sample and methods of data collection in the field are given, together with some details of the schedule used in the study. Chapter three describes such socioeconomic variables as education, occupation, economic status, religion, mother tongue, age at marriage of wives, and some similar information for their husbands. There follow the main results of levels and differentials of fertility (two chapters) and the details of the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning methods among the Greater Bombay married women (three chapters). The final chapter gives a brief summary of the survey and the conclusions reached. The authors successfully demonstrate that not only was the level of fertility lower in Greater Bombay than in the rest of the country, but there was also a pattern of differential fertility in the population of Greater Bombay. The former is taken by the authors as indicative of an initial stage of a process of declining fertility in India, in the final stages of which a possible balance between fertility and mortality (in and out migrations being equal) will presumably be achieved sometime in the future. The differentials in fertility in Greater Bombay with regard to such factors as education and economic status are equated with the occurrence of similar trends in the early demographic history of the developed countries. Finally, the authors conclude that the results of their survey provide good evidence to support the view that an incipient decline in fertility in India has begun. If this is so there is hope indeed. Certainly, this book will provide useful comparative data for future studies of fertility in India, and its findings have far reaching implications. It is a pity that the data have taken so long to appear. There are relatively few printing errors, a mass of useful facts and the book is reasonably produced and reasonably priced.


Background. In this pilot study, we examined school-aged children's familiarity and willingness to try fruits and vegetables (FV) and the impact of a 6-week school-based snack feeding intervention on familiarity and consumption of FV. Methods. In all, 190 fourth- to sixth-grade students from a rural Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) school participated. Measures included surveys assessing familiarity and willingness to try FV and direct observation of FV snack consumption. Results. At baseline, the majority of students provided correct name recognition for 6 of the 11 snacks offered, whereas name recognition increased significantly for the other 5 FV postintervention. Similarly, previous eating experience increased for 7 of the 11 FV offered. On average, a higher percentage of the fruit (54% to 98%) and vegetable (49% to 50%) snacks offered were consumed by the students. Willingness to try and grade level were the strongest predictors of fruit and vegetable snack consumption. Conclusions. These results sugges...


High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel is used in important steel structural members because of its strength and plastic toughness. Q960 steel is HSLA steel obtained by adding an appropriate amount of alloy elements and quenching and tempering treatment on the basis of ordinary low-carbon steel. This kind of steel has strong hardenability due to the alloy elements added. Cold cracks, embrittlement and softening of the heat-affected zone easily occur after welding. In particular, the low-temperature impact toughness cannot meet the requirements and limits its use. In this paper, self-shielded welding is used to adjust the content of aluminum in flux-cored wire. The relationship between weld metal (WM) microstructure and strength and properties was studied by tensile test and impact test, and the influence mechanism of Al content on weld metal microstructure and properties was analyzed. The results show that when the content of Al is 0.21%, the impact energy at 0 °C~−60 °C is the best, the tensile strength can reach 1035 MPA and the number of pores is small. The size of inclusions in WM is mostly less than 1.0 μm Al2O3 spherical oxide. It can become the center of acicular ferrite (AF) and increase the nucleation probability. However, with the increase of Al content, large irregular AlN inclusions are produced, which reduces the tensile strength and impact energy of the welded joint.


We propose a modification of terbium-sensitized luminescence (TSL) by means of the introduction of nanoparticles to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analytical methods. TSL detection is usually based on the complexation between fluorescent organic compounds (the analytes) and terbium. The organic compound is then excited, and, after an energy transfer towards terbium, the latter emits the luminescence signal. Here, the modification consists of the introduction of nanoparticles (carbon quantum dots, CQDs) into the system. The carboxylic groups of CQDs react with terbium, providing an interesting time-resolved luminescence probe. We applied this system for the determination of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (IMID). When IMID was introduced in the terbium-CQDs system, the luminescent signal (λexc/λem of 256/545 nm) was quenched, proportionally to IMID concentration in the range of 100–2500 ng·mL−1, obtaining a limit of detection of 30 ng·mL−1. A method detection limit of 0.9 mg·kg−1 was reached in caneberries, thus complying with the maximum residue level of 5 mg·kg−1 established by Codex Alimentarius. We performed recovery experiments in caneberries (blackberries, blueberries, raspberries, and mulberries), obtaining recovery yields close to 100% in all cases. These results show that the use of terbium ions-nanoparticles luminescence probes can be useful for screening purposes in quality control laboratories.


Abstract Background Asthma disease is chronic bronchitis which frequently found and be the health problem of Thailand and the world. Objective The study was examine the treatment outcome through Asthmatic Standard Treatment by the goal of GINA guideline 2006 at Detudom Crown Prince Hospital. Design Prospective descriptive study Population and Samples The population was the patients aged less than 15 years old who registered at Easy Asthma Clinic of Detudom Crown Prince Hospital and the 167 patients of Easy Asthma Clinic were analyzed (August 30, 2007 and March 15, 2008). Measurements To compare the indicators for asthma control. The information was gained from medical registry unit of OPD data between pre and post Easy Asthma Clinic operation Result : The onset of asthma symptom begins at 2 years old. Passive smoke exposure was found 53.3% as the major risk factors, family history of asthma found 19.2%. The inhaled steroid used were 85.6% and 74.9% were used in low dose (Budesonide 200?g/day).The increment of growth velocity was 3 cm and seen in majority of patients (74.2%) . The Predicted Peak Expiratory Flow Rate 60 - 80% were 52% and most of them had improvement of PEFR. The rate of ER visit and admission wear declined. The significantly different indicators between pre and post the operation of Easy Asthma Clinic was asthmatic case who got asthma control after clinic had the operation, 39.5% were total control, 31.8% were changed class from uncontrolled group to total control. Conclusion : Although Detudom Crown Prince Hospital is only the community hospital but we can achieve the Asthmatic Standard Treatment to control in pediatrics asthma due to applied method of Easy Asthma Clinic. Assessment of lung functions, as Peak flow meter, should be used.72% of achieve control persist of abnormal lung function Keywords : Asthma disease , GINA 2006 ,Asthma control


The diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood was made in a 10-year-old boy following episodes of recurrent cervical abscesses and ulcerative stomatitis since the age of 4 years. Nineteen years on, on antibiotic prophylaxis, he is now married and remains active although he has been hospitalized with serious complications on many occasions.


Extreme ultraviolet emission spectra of multiply charged Sn ions were measured in the wavelength range 5–38 nm, following electron capture into the excited states of slow Snq + (q = 5–21) ions passing through He and Xe gas targets. Identification of the transitions was carried out by comparison with calculations using the Hebrew University Livermore Laboratory Atomic physics Code. The target and the charge-state dependences of 4d–nℓ (nℓ = 4f, 5p and 5f) and 4p–4d transitions were observed.


1 FIRST OF ALL may I sincerely thank Dr Raymond Lanzafame, Editor-in-Chief, of Photomedicine and Laser Surgery (PMLS), for the opportunity to address the journal readers through the medium of this Guest Editorial. It is a real honor and pleasure for me, and I was delighted to humbly accept the offer. For those readers who do not know me, I was the Founding Editor-in-Chief of the journal Laser Therapy, started by John Wiley and Sons of Chichester, UK, back in 1988.1 In the same year, I was named President-Elect of a new society dedicated to laser therapy and photobioactivation, the International Laser Therapy Association (ILTA), at a gathering of leaders in the field held during a major international laser congress in the London Hilton Hotel. I successfully held the first ILTA congress in Okinawa, Japan, in 1990 under the sub-banner of "Light and Life," and that was the start of the present-day focus on low reactive level laser therapy, or LLLT. Of course, the roots go back, much further back, and there is evidence that the physicians of the Ancient Egyptians 4,000 years ago were harnessing the curative power of sunlight through phytochemical photosensitization in what the Ancient Greeks later termed "heliotherapy."2 Photosensitization of tissue to specific wavelengths is at the core of present-day photodynamic therapy (PDT), but the Ancients were using PDT 4000 years ago. Hippocrates, the "father of medicine," prescribed sunlight for melancholia, and believed the Greeks were a much happier nation than their northern neighbors because they had so much sunlight. In more modern times, in the 18th and 19th centuries, heliotherapy was used to treat depression and the eruptive stages of rubella and rubeola by putting the patient in a room with red-tinted windows. One of the more famous patients in recorded history was "Mad" King George III (1760 to 1801) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland who underwent red light heliotherapy. As we now know, his "madness" was actually one of the clinical symptoms of porphyria; it is quite possible that the heliotherapy drove him even more "madness." In the late 19th century, Fubini and his colleagues3 in Italy showed that visible red light, provided via lenses and filters from sunlight selectively activated the respiratory component of cellular mitochondria. There is nothing new under the sun. The pre-eminent Russian photobiologist Professor Tiina Karu has consistently shown that one of the main, if not the main, target for visible red light, is the Cu2 component of cytochrome C oxidase in the respiratory chain of mitochondria.4 Modern phototherapy, however, owes its inception to the Danish physician and scientist, Nils Finsen, who developed the first artificial light source for phototherapy,5 receiving the Nobel Prize for medicine with the use of his invention to treat lupus erythematosus in 1903. When this knowledge was combined with the photon or "quantum"-based precepts of light postulated by the Scottish scientist John Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), followed almost half a century later by Albert Einstein's and then Max Plank's better-known quantum theory, the first "optical maser," the laser, was finally developed by Maiman in 1960, not even half a century ago. We had a new light source to play with in photomedicine and photosurgery! The pioneering work of the late EndrÇ Mester in the late 1960s and early 1970s represented the first real steps toward the use of low incident levels of laser energy in medicine,6 earning him the soubriquet of the "Father of Phototherapy." He was in turn inspired by the findings of early adopters of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser showing that patients had less postoperative pain and less inflammation when operated on with the so-called "light knife" that those who had undergone surgery with the conventional surgical scalpel. Other forms of thermally-based surgery, such as electrosurgery with the Bovie knife, did not demonstrate these interesting and useful side effects, so it was surmised that it was the 'L' in the acronym "laser" (i.e., "light") that was responsible for the beneficial effects associated with CO2 laser surgery. My own experience of this soon manifested itself in my treatment of different types of cutaneous nevi with laser in the late 1970s. I was successfully treating hemangioma simplex or port wine stain (PWS) with a combination of the pulsed ruby and argon lasers, and I would sometimes see a patient treated elsewhere unsuccessfully with another approach. One particular patient presented with a large PWS which had been partially treated with needle electrocautery.


Simple Summary In the current study, we investigated the prevalence rate of Oestrus ovis (O. ovis) larvae in heads of sheep and goats obtained from abattoirs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was found that season did not have any significant effect on the characteristics of the larvae that affect sheep, except for the length of larva, for which those collected in spring differed from those collected in winter and autumn. In goats, the L3 instar number was significantly higher during summer. Oestrus ovis larvae were detected in sheep and goats by molecular analysis and they were most closely related to O. ovis larvae recovered from GenBank. Abstract Heads of sheep (n = 600) and goats (n = 800) slaughtered at Al-Aziziah Abattoir in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were inspected for the presence of O. ovis larvae (L). Heads were split along the longitudinal axes, and larvae (L1, L2, and L3) were gathered. The infestation rate was significantly higher in goats (44.5%; 356/800) than that in sheep (22.3%; 134/600). Out of the 151 collected larvae from sheep, 0% were L1, 1.3% were L2, and 98.7% were L3. Out of the total of 468 larvae from goats, 0% were L1, 1.2% were L2, and 98.8% were L3. The infestation rate was significantly higher in males than that in females. Myiasis-causing larvae collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were authenticated as O. ovis, according to morphological characteristics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a partial fragment (600 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene further confirmed the species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial mtCOI gene sequence demonstrated that 23 unique sequences showed high similarity based on nucleotide pairs of O. ovis accessions retrieved from GenBank.


Creating learning or examination assignments is a re-occurring activity in the context of teaching. In particular new examination assignments are often desired for each season of teaching a course. In our teaching, we have observed that our creation of assignments for software engineering formalisms uses certain intuitive constraints to obtain assignments at a designated level of difficulty and, e.g., with particular properties to be analysed in the assignment. In this work, we present an approach where we formalise our (formerly intuitive) constraints and use constraint solving tools to automatically synthesise learning assignments that satisfy these constraints. In our approach we leverage the fact that our software engineering course teaches the majority of software description languages fully formal. That is, an artefact using such a software description language is then a mathematical object for which we can give precise constraints. We demonstrate our approach on the example of learning and examination assignments for the notion of determinism on decision table and discuss applications of our assignments synthesis procedure.


A recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein cytokine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is produced by the liver and the pancreas. Endogenous HGF synthesis is stimulated by injuries affecting liver tissues. This agent, a potent angiogenic and neurotrophic factor and a multifunctional cytokine that acts as a mitogen, motogen and a morphogen, is important for organogenesis and tissue regeneration. Therapeutic HGF has been shown to attenuate brain ischemic injury in animal models through angiogenic and neuroprotective actions.


To systematically identify and synthesize peer‐reviewed qualitative evidence of the parental experience of hospitalization with a child with Intellectual Disability.


: The wear and damage behaviors of U75V rail under different slip ratio conditions are explored using a MJP-30A rolling wear testing machine. The wear rate change of rail material is investigated with the slip ratio increasing. The results indicate that the wear rate of U75V rail material shows a rising trend of "step" style with the slip ratio increasing. According to the T γ /A- wear rate mapping, three wear regions including mild wear area, severe wear area and catastrophic wear area can be divided. Under different slip ratio conditions, the wear and damage mechanism of rail material is obviously different. When the slip ratio is below 3%, main wear damage of rail material is oxidative wear and mild fatigue wear. As the slip ratio rises to 6% and 12%, main wear damage is light abrasive wear. While, at the slip ratio of 18% and 25%, main wear damage is serious abrasive wear. With an increase of slip ratio, the thickness of rail material plastic deformation layer, propagation depth and angle of fatigue cracks both present a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the range of slip rate is 12% ~ 18%, the thickness of rail material plastic deformation layer, the propagation depth and angle of fatigue crack reach the maximum.


The invention relates to a cable having an electrically conductive core (4) of one or more individual cables with a the core (4) surrounding the insulation, and a method for manufacturing a cable. The insulation comprises at least two layers (1, 2) consist of different silicone material.


This document contains: 1° the complete translation of one paper by Pasteur (see for reference Conant's Harvard case study on spontaneous generation) 2° the same text underlined and segmented by myself; 3° a rather complete semiotic inventory of the same text; 4° a tentative draft of a paper using this semiotic treatment to answer science studies question (partially published in (51) 1993: « Pasteur on lactic acid yeasta partial semiotic analysis" in Configurations Vol.1 n°1, pp.127-142)


Shrimpton and Wall in their paper published earlier this year refer to the need for each Diamentor chamber to be calibrated with its associated display unit to obtain maximum accuracy and point to the inaccuracies which arise when two chambers are used in a dual input arrangement and an average correction is applied. Shrimpton and Wall conducted their investigations on the Diamentor-D; a more recent version of this equipment-the Diamentor-"eliminates this problem since the central control unit allows up to three ionisation chambers to be connected simultaneously, with individual electronic adjustment for the correction factor of each chamber. Furthermore, the Diamentor-M has a response of one digit per 1 R cm2. The improved circuitry of the Diamentor-M means that there is virtually no risk of an incorrect reading even with the highest dose rates normally encountered.


Richness is a key variable for understanding biodiversity, and estimates of species occurrence should be as comprehensive as possible and based on reliable records. The employment of diversified methods to be able to detect species, and of adequate sampling efforts is crucial for estimating the richness of bats occurring in highly complex tropical forests. We herein analyzed the richness of bats from one of the largest remnants of the semideciduous Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil, the state conservation park called Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), based on data from the 1990s and from 2012 to 2016. Based on mixed sampling techniques, including ground-level and canopy nets, acoustic surveys, and roost searching we have revealed that this single state reserve of PERD has the highest bat richness recorded to date among semideciduous Atlantic Forest locations. A total of 54 bat species have been recorded for PERD, including two recently described species from the genera Thyroptera (Thyropteridae) and Eumops (Molossidae). Our data reinforce the value of diversifying sampling methods and the role of PERD as key area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biome.


Kernel methods are very popular for static modeling, i.e. classification or nonlinear regression. Only few attempts have been made at extending the concepts to dynamic modeling, i.e. models where some or all variables of the model are the predictions provided by the model at previous sampling times. The feedback thus introduced results in an increased complexity; it is well known, however, that, in the presence of output noise, the optimal model is a recurrent model. Therefore, for modeling processes with output noise, which is a very frequent situation, taking feedback into account during training is mandatory.


When Confucius toured states and Confucianism began to develop,Confucianism was not yet adopted by ruling classes.After Qing united the states into one nation,Confucianism encounter the worst time.The advocates of Confucianism and the ruling class recognized mutual importance to each other.Shu Suntong,Lu Jia,Jia Yi and others managed to talk Confucianism to the ruling class and persuade them.The ruling class came to accept and use Confucian theories as strategies of governing.Confucianism was integrated into the regime and gradually became the philosophy of ruling.


This paper presents an effective partial differential equation- (PDE-) based preprocessing algorithm for automated image-based crack detection. The proposed formulation combines various relevant and multiple processes such as contrast and selective edge enhancement in addition to edge-preserving smoothing to enhance the image prior to detection. The approach is adaptive and controlled by reliable image metrics to determine the stopping time of the PDE ensuring optimum results for various images. Additionally, a simplified thresholding algorithm based on local global maximum gradient matching is used to extract the crack features from the image. The proposed scheme does not require arbitrary or manually tuned parameters nor a large dataset for training to obtain good results. Experiments indicate that the proposed approach performs better when compared to several other algorithms in the literature.


East Africa Medical Journal Vol. 89 No. 6 June 2012 ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF HUGONIA CASTENEIFOLIA AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR THE CONTROL OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS K. Korir, Kenya Medical Research Institute P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, C. Mutai, Kenya Medical Research Institute P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, J. Nandako, Catholic University of Eastern Africa P. O. Box 62157-00200, Nairobi, Kenya and C. Bii, Kenya Medical Research Institute P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya


Assuming a nighttime situation in a dementia group home, assistance operations were performed under the condition of 1 assistant, transfer from a supine position to the floor with full assistance, and a low bed (height = 0.4 m). Assistance operations were performed under combinations of 4 conditions: starting assistance from the head side, starting assistance from the foot side, female assistants with male evacuees, and male assistants with female evacuees. The assistance time was analyzed by dividing it into three operation phases, and it was found that the operation time of female assistants was longer. Further, when assistance was started from the head side, it took longer to pull the evacuee to the front of the bed, whereas when assistance was started from the foot side, it took longer to lower the evacuee from the bed to the floor. Since the purpose of the assistance operation was to evacuate evacuees from a fire, the experimental results and techniques of shortening the assistance time were examined. Considering that assistance may be given by people who do not have much strength, we showed the possibility of utilizing tools to reduce friction during the operation, such as slide sheets, to help pull an evacuee on the bed, to the front of the bed. As regards the assistance operation of lowering an evacuee from the bed to the floor, a technique was suggested of holding the evacuee's feet, pulling the buttocks to the front of the bed, and after placing the feet on the floor, lowering the evacuee onto the floor from the buttocks, followed by the waist, back, head and neck.


We describe a rare case of pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma (PMCA) detected F-FDG PET/CT and mimicking a malignancy. A 60-year-old female patient underwent F-FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization of a left pulmonary nodule which showed increased F-FDG uptake (SUVmax = 3.7). Based on this PET/CT finding, the patient underwent a cuneiform resection of the left pulmonary nodule. Histology demonstrated the presence of a PMCA. In our case, F-FDG PET/CT has been useful in detecting this rare pulmonary tumor.


Memory disaggregation is being considered as a strong alternative to traditional architecture to deal with the memory under-utilization in data centers. Disaggregated memory can adapt to dynamically changing memory requirements for the data center applications like data analytics, big data, etc., that require in-memory processing. However, such systems can face high remote memory access latency due to the interconnect speeds. In this paper, we explore a rack-scale disaggregated memory architecture and discuss the various design aspects. We design a trace-driven simulator that combines an event-based interconnect and a cycle-accurate memory simulator to evaluate the performance of disaggregated memory system at the rack scale. Our study shows that not only the interconnect but the contention in the remote memory queues also adds significantly to remote memory access latency. We introduces a memory allocation policy to reduce the latency compared to the conventional policies. We conduct experiments using various benchmarks with diverse memory access patterns. Our study shows encouraging results towards the rack-scale memory disaggregation and acceptable average memory access latency.


A range of Natural Language Processing tasks involve making judgments about the semantic relatedness of a pair of sentences, such as Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) and answer selection for Question Answering (QA). A key challenge that these tasks face in common is the lack of explicit alignment annotation between a sentence pair. We capture the alignment by using a novel probabilistic model that models tree-edit operations on dependency parse trees. Unlike previous tree-edit models which require a separate alignment-finding phase and resort to ad-hoc distance metrics, our method treats alignments as structured latent variables, and offers a principled framework for incorporating complex linguistic features. We demonstrate the robustness of our model by conducting experiments for RTE and QA, and show that our model performs competitively on both tasks with the same set of general features.


Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) is a popular floricultural crop worldwide. This crop is attacked by various pathogenic fungi causing wilt and tip rots. Regeneration of ornamental geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum var Scarlet) was achieved through somatic embryogenesis using hypocotyl segments. The highest number of somatic embryos (12.60) per explant were obtained on MS medium containing 1.5mM thidizuron (TDZ) and somatic embryogenesis initiation was achieved in 14 days. Stable transgenic plants were obtained by co-cultivation of hypocotyls with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA 4404 harbouring the recombinant binary vector pBINAR vector containing chitinase-glucanase encoding gene. Transformants were selected using kanamycin (100 mg/l). Transgenic integration was confirmed by PCR and by southern blot analysis. Glucanase activity in the leaf of primary transformants was nearly double compared to non-transformed leaves. In-vitro testing of Fusarium growth by crude protein of transformed leaves showed 1.5 cm diameter of inhibition zone as against non-transformed leaves where it was 0.5 cm. The combined expression of these plant-defence proteins should be able to enhance the plant's resistance to fungal attack.


3D integration technologies are seeing widespread adoption in the semiconductor industry to offset the limitations and slowdown of two-dimensional scaling. High-density 3D integration techniques such as face-to-face wafer bonding with sub-10 μm pitch can enable new ways of designing SoCs using all 3 dimensions, like folding a microprocessor design across multiple 3D tiers. However, overlapping thermal hotspots can be a challenge in such 3D stacked designs due to a general increase in power density. In this work, we perform a thorough thermal simulation study on sign-off quality physical design implementation of a state-of-the-art, high-performance, out-of-order microprocessor on a 7nm process technology. The physical design of the microprocessor is partitioned and implemented in a 2-tier, 3D stacked configuration with logic blocks and memory instances in separate tiers (logic-over-memory 3D). The thermal simulation model was calibrated to temperature measurement data from a high-performance, CPU-based 2D SoC chip fabricated on the same 7nm process technology. Thermal profiles of different 3D configurations under various workload conditions are simulated and compared. We find that stacking microprocessor designs in 3D without considering thermal implications can result in maximum die temperature up to 12°C higher than their 2D counterparts under the worst-case power-indicative workload. This increase in temperature would reduce the amount of time for which a power-intensive workload can be run before throttling is required. However, logic-over-memory partitioned 3D CPU implementation can mitigate this temperature increase by half, which makes the temperature of the 3D design only 6°C higher than the 2D baseline. We conclude that using thermal-aware design partitioning and improved cooling techniques can overcome the thermal challenges associated with 3D stacking.


From the angles of English translation of Chinese poetry,the author gives some examples to analyze the basis of keeping the original meaning,artistic conception,romantic charm and style of Chinese poetry,and how to use the different ways of literal and free translation flexibly,so as to reach the beautiful temperament,true meaning and good pattern,to be true to the ideological content and artistic form of the original as much as possible and to acquire the aesthetic result to be alike not only in appearance but also in spirit.On the above theory,I talk about my some views.


Charles Brenton Huggins won the Nobel prize in 1966 for his extensive work in cancer research. He has spent fifty years at the laboratory bench exploring the nature of this disease in an attempt to understand and control it. In this volume, based almost exclusively on experiments conducted over the past twenty years at the University of Chicago, is both the record of Huggins's own research and, in Huggins's words, "a do-it-yourself guide for cancer research workers." Written simply and clearly so that the experiments can be easily reproduced, the book presents Huggins's experiments in the induction of breast cancer and leukemia in rodents. It also describes the methods he discovered to prevent cancer and to cure many of the cancers he has been able to induce. Although most of the material concerns breast cancer and leukemia, research on other kinds of tumors is also described.


This paper is concerned with the relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming for stochastic recursive optimal control problems. Under certain differentiability conditions, relations among the adjoint processes, the generalized Hamiltonian function, and the value function are given. A linear quadratic recursive utility portfolio optimization problem in the financial engineering is discussed as an explicitly illustrated example of the main result.


though Arendt accepts commercial society as unavoidable, the ensuing uniformity and the loss of individuality in politics and philosophy lead her to pessimism. Daniel Bell (1919), U.S. sociologist and journalist, uses sociological theory to reconcile what he believes are the inherent contradictions of capitalistic societies. The selection of his writings, drawn from The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, focuses on the paradoxes that have arisen in the postindustrial era. Bell focuses on the collapse of shared religious values and the erosion of the influence of religion in society, an institution that is replaced with consumer values that focus on instant gratification. Thus, for Bell, the success of commerce is its undoing. People become rich and, in the process, become very much the poorer. The French philosopher Jean Baudrillard (1929) is interested in the interactions of people and objects in society. For Baudrillard, society has evolved into an all-consuming game in which material goods become objects of communication, conveying their own message as part of a greater language of status and consumption. For Baudrillard, consumer choice is a myth. The consumer, instead of being free, is dictated to by the large and monopolistic manufacturing concerns, which mandate choice and engineer an environment in which consumers live an illusion regarding their role in a capitalist society.


The company seeks to struggle to survive by running their respective management functions so as to achieve goals and earn profits. This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the effect of good corporate governance and company size on profitability of banks listed on the IDX. The population in this study is the Banking that is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017 to 2019 is 43 banks. The sampling technique in this study used a census, where all populations were sampled as a research multiplied by observation years to 129 observations.


The present study tested the characteristics of a vertical axis wind turbine or so-calledVertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) with three turbines in which all three turbines havedifferent dimensions on turbine height. Based on Betz limit theory, the efficiency or thevalue of Coefficient Power (CP) wind turbine is not more than 59.3%. In this case CP isone of the main parameters for obtaining maximum power extracted through the turbineblades based on the design formed. For VAWT used is H-darrieus type, with height orheight of the blade is 1 m , 1.5 m and 2 m, each wind turbine has 3 blades with water foilNACA 4412. Each wind turbine is tested at wind speed 0 till 12 m / s. The result showsthe maximum power on the first turbine or with a height of 1 m is 356.46 watts then thesecond turbine with a height of 1.5 m is 623.98 watts and the third turbine with a heightof 2 m is 898.45 watts. From this result can be proved that to get big mechanical powerhence required swept area bigger by changing turbine high.


ABSTRACT We determined the structures of Nod factors produced by six different Bradyrhizobium sp. strains nodulating the legume tree Acacia albida (syn. Faidherbia albida). Compounds from all strains were found to be similar, i.e., O-carbamoylated and substituted by an often sulfated methyl fucose and different from compounds produced byRhizobium-Mesorhizobium-Sinorhizobium strains nodulating other species of the Acaciae tribe.


【Abstract】The Carbon Dioxide fixation efficiency of Pongamia pinnata which will be a reference for sidewalk trees planning afterward, was analyzed by measuring net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance rate, air temperature, light intensity, relative humidity and the concentration CO2, from 8 am to 4 pm, one sunny day of every month. In upper leaf , the mean value of net photosynthetic rate was 3.04 μ mol ms,transpiration rate was 0.93 m mol ms,stomatal conductance rate was 91.89 m mol ms,leaf temperature was 25.59°C,light intensity was 555.08 μ mol ms,relative humidity was 53% and the concentration of carbon dioxide was 340.42 μ LL,In aspect of lower leaf , the mean value of net photosynthetic rate was 2.17 μ mol ms,transpiration rate was 0.72 m mol ms,stomatal conductance rate was 87.61 m mol ms,leaf temperature was 24.82°C,light intensity was 347.5 μ mol ms,relative humidity was 51% and the concentration of carbon dioxide was 340.50 μ LL for one year, the carbon dioxide fixation of whole tree estimated was 18.02 kg. 【Key words】 Pongamia pinnata, Net photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Stomatal conductance rate


I argue against group agent realism, or the view that groups have irreducible mental states. If group agents have irreducible mental states, as realists assume, then the best group agent realist explanation of corporate agents features only basic mental states with at most one motivational function each. But the best group agent realist explanation of corporate agents does not feature only basic mental states with at most one motivational function each. So corporate agents lack irreducible mental states. How so? I defend the conditional with an argument from disagreement. On cognitivist approaches to desire, desires function to both motivate and represent the world. Yet such desires are subject to a signi fi cant amount of disagreement. Re fl ection on the folk-psychological properties of desire and belief suggest that this disagreement is better explained by a non-cognitivist approach to desire where they do not have both functions. I then defend the claim that realists are committed to at least some cognitivist motivational states. Using the example of fi re brigades, I argue that the best realist explanation of group agents involves mental states with both representational and motivational functions. By modus tollens, corporations then lack irreducible mental states, period.


The mechanism of idiom comprehension is of great interest for psycholinguists.Different researchers propose different mechanisms of idiom comprehension.Semantic attributes are seen as the major factors which affect idiom processing.In our research,we chose 230 idioms,and analyzed their semantic attributes,and explored the relationship among these semantic attributes.In the meanwhile,this research studies the relationship of semantic attributes and idiom comprehension,which can shed some new light on idiom processing.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automate a rental car traffic system so that a user can select and reserve a useful car parked in a car pool and, when occasion demands, can utilize a desired car or type of car by designing a car allocating center so as to average individual cars by analyzing the usefulness of the cars at a station. SOLUTION: A car allocating center Z provided with a car allocating computer D monitors the presence of cars F1 and F2 in a car pool at a station H1 whenever information is given from a station automatic machine HA. The center Z, in addition, informs a user N of the state of available cars parked in the station H1 at the moment in response to the inquiry from the user N and, when the user reserves a car, relates the issuance of the driving right certificate of the car to the input from the user N. Therefore, the user N can get and drive the desired car at desired time from a desired station.


Topological methods have recently been developed for the classification, analysis, and synthesis of chaotic time series. These methods can be applied to time series with a Lyapunov dimension less than three. The procedure determines the stretching and squeezing mechanisms which operate to create a strange attractor and organize all the unstable periodic orbits in the attractor in a unique way. Strange attractors are identified by a set of integers. These are topological invariants for a two dimensional branched manifold, which is the infinite dissipation limit of the strange attractor. It is remarkable that this topological information can be extracted from chaotic time series. The data required for this analysis need not be extensive or exceptionally clean. The topological invariants: (1) are subject to validation/invalidation tests; (2) describe how to model the data; and (3) do not change as control parameters change. Topological analysis is the first step in a doubly discrete classification scheme for strange attractors. The second discrete classification involves specification of a 'basis set' set of periodic orbits whose presence forces the existence of all other periodic orbits in the strange attractor. The basis set of orbits does change as control parameters change. Quantitative models developed to describe time series data are tested by the methods of entrainment. This analysis procedure has been applied to analyze a number of data sets. Several analyses are described.


By reporting a case of orbital restoration with a patient-specific implant (PSI), intraoperative navigation and computed tomography scan (CT) in a silent sinus syndrome patient, we aim to make reconstructive surgeons aware of the advantages these tools confer. We report a case of a 33-year-old woman affected by spontaneous enophthalmos and hypoglobus of her right eye. Anamnesis, physical exam and CT findings were compatible with a silent sinus syndrome. Caldwell-Luc technique and concurrent transconjunctival repair of the orbital floor using a PSI with intraoperative navigation and CT scan were performed successfully, achieving satisfactory repositioning of the globe and facial symmetry. The silent sinus syndrome is an acquired uncommon condition which may require correction of secondary orbital deformities. In this scenario, patient-specific implants, CAD/CAM and intraoperative navigation have emerged as safe and effective tools.


Usually multiple quality of service (QoS) guarantees are required in most multicast applications. This paper presents a multiple constraints algorithm for multicast traffic engineering in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The proposed algorithm is a new version of multiple constraints QoS multieast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on genetic algorithm (MQMGA). The proposed MQMGA can optimizes the maximum link utilization, the cost of the multicast tree, the selection of the long-life path, the averages delay and the maximum end-to-end delay. Experimental results show that the approach is efficient, has promising performance in multicast traffic engineering and for evaluating the route stability in dynamic mobile networks


Laboratory tests were conducted to determine if Aliquat, a quaternary ammonium chloride compound, could be used to change the physical properties of Putnam silt loam. The effects of adding vary ing amounts of Aliquat to the soil were measured in terms of the re sults of Atterberg limits tests, the moisture-density relationship, unconfined and triaxial compressive strength, and capillary adsorp tion characteristics. A small change in the Atterberg limits, the optimum moisture content, and the maximum dry density was noted. An increase in the unconfined compressive strength and a reduction in the moisture adsorption potential was accomplished by the addi tion of 0.25 and 0.5 per cent Aliquat. The workability of Putnam soil was noticeably improved by the addition of relatively small percentages of Aliquat.


The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has a proven track record as a reconstructive tool, but excessive bulk and a limited arc of rotation can be problematic. Although this can be addressed by passing the pedicle deep to the clavicle, some authors consider that this modification may compromise the flap. This prospective study therefore sought to compare the supraclavicular and subclavicular routes with particular emphasis on potential vascular sequelae.


SUMMARY Approximate solutions are presented in this paper for three nonlinear ortho- tropic plate problems. The problems are to determine the deformations and forces in: (1) a thick plate attached to a pad having nonlinear material properties which, in turn, is attached to a substructure which is then deformed; (2) a long plate loaded in inplane longitudinal compression beyond its buckling load; and (3) a long plate loaded in inplane shear beyond its buckling load. For all three problems, the two-dimensional plate equations are reduced to one-dimensional equations in the y-direction by using a one-dimensional trigonometric approximation in the x-direction. Each problem uses different trigonometric terms. Solutions are obtained using an existing algorithm for simultaneous, first-order, nonlinear, ordi- nary differential equations subject to two-point boundary conditions. For each problem, reasons are discussed for choosing the trigonometric terms, ordinary differ- ential equations are derived to determine the variable coefficients of the trigono- metric terms, and sample results are presented. This solution procedure provides a quick, easy way to solve some nonlinear plate problems. INTRODUCTION Linear equations are often inadequate in the analysis of plates that appear in space vehicle structures and aircraft structures. Some problems of plate analysis involve stretching and bending coupling


In China's work sector, gender discrimination has been a severe problem for a very long time. Women's development in the marketplace is hindered by a variety of obstacles, including legislation, the implementation of a market economy, and conventional beliefs. These obstacles limit women's advancement in a variety of professions and even have an impact on the overall economic growth of the country. The author makes use of Becker's theory of discrimination to analyze the problem of the circumstance of employment difficulties encountered by female workers and is of the opinion that the severity of gender discrimination in the labor market in China is because of the conventional concepts and natural attachment costs of women. As a natural consequence of this, businesses will naturally avoid hiring female employees, even though doing so may cause them to forego some of their earnings. Based on the analysis, several suggestions could be given to better the circumstance of employment of women in China. First, policies could be enacted to protect both the employers' and female workers' interests. Second, fertility costs should be socialized. Finally, women should improve their inhere quality. Gender discrimination in the labor market in China could be therefore improved.


Teaching is one of the most important professions that affect different aspects of life. Despite the difference between teaching and testing process, they have a huge interdependent and integrated relation. Teasing information out of them is a complicated process when they are separated. The educational objectives can't be achieved without the integration between teaching and testing .This paper addresses steps of designing a questions bank that may help teachers come out with perfect tests that evaluate different levels of Bloom's Taxonomy cognitive domain, backwash the whole process of the course learning, and reflect intended learning outcomes (ILOs). This paper helps teachers design their questions bank while they are teaching and illustrates steps of feeding it with different types of questions using the cognitive domain of Bloom's Taxonomy, table of specification (TOS) and level of difficulties in a pedagogical way.


The present study focuses on the standardization of the core operating processes of the company Yo si tomo. The standardization of these processes has the objective of improving their productivity, and identifying opportunities for improvement in the activities that shape these processes...


Abstract An homologous series of hexa alkoxybenzoates of triphenylene has been prepared with n = 4 to n = 12. Interphase transitions between solid, mesomorphic and isotropic phases were studied by hot stage microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Binary phase diagram studies, optical textures observations and X-ray measurements showed the existence of three different mesomorphic phases: a nematic disc-like phase N D, a tilted columnar phase D t and a rectangular disordered columnar phase D rd. Only two different phases were observed in each compound and the following mesophase sequences were found. This remarkable even-odd effect is discussed and is compared to that observed for classic liquid crystals. Several hexa alkybenzoates of triphenylene (n = C7 − C10) were also prepared and their mesomorphic properties studied. Only short range N D were observed.


Diode-pumped Tm:CGA lasers at 1938 and 1854 nm are reported in continuous-wave and Q-switched regimes. For continuous-wave laser operation, the maximum output powers for the two lasers are 3.05 and 2.41 W with slope efficiencies of 33.7% and 28.5%, respectively. For Q-switching, using a Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber, the maximum average output powers reach 0.64 and 0.37 W with corresponding shortest pulse widths, maximum pulse repetition rates, maximum pulse energies and maximum pulse peak powers of (44ns, 13.9 kHz, 46 μJ, 1.04 kW) and (47 ns, 9.9 kHz, 37.4 μJ, 0.79 kW), respectively.


Background: HIV is a worldwide spread disease with many deaths. People with the disease have previously been met with attitudes, stigma and discrimination in various contexts. A caring relationship should be built on empathy, respect and communication, where the patient is not seen as their illness, but as a person. Today, there are laws that are there to protect the patient, however, there is a lack of knowledge about what is current. Health care workers knowledge in the 2000s has improved, but there is still a lack of knowledge.Aim: To illustrate how patients with HIV experience health care.Method: The literature review was conducted with twelve scientific articles of which two articles were quantitative and the other qualitative.Results: The results revealed three main themes; Different expressions of fear, Perceived negative attitudes and stigmatization, as well as The wish to be lovingly treated in health care. The first main theme showed that the fear of health professionals could influence patients' experience and outreach of health care and how the fear turned into concrete actions. Under the second main theme, negative attitudes and stigmatization was described and how the HIV- positive patients perceived this negative behavior. In the third main theme emerged how HIV patients wished that the care was.Discussions: The main topics were health care workers discriminatory behavior and how it could be linked to their fears and ignorance. It is discussed about human behavior and what it might do. The fear could lead to negative consequences for patients with HIV when the nurse's ethical code and guidelines were not followed. How to change negative attitudes and stigma were discussed. The patients' desire for a changed attitude is discussed and what health professionals can do to change that.


The present invention relates to a high-precision internal grinding system, belonging to the field of machining technology. The workpiece is positioned and supported by adopting electromagnetic core-free clamping chuck; its working table adopts hydraulic drive mode, and can implement stepless speed regulation; the drive of workpiece shaft adopts AC frequency conversion technique and can implement stepless speed regulation function; the position of workpiece on the machine tool can be transversely regulated; and the abrasive wheel can be driven by hydraulic system to implement finishing operation and its finishing speed can be regulated. Said invention can be used for grinding cylindrical hole whose diameter is 300 mm-800 mm and taper hole whose conicity is 70 deg.


A model of the disturbed magnetic field and disturbed velocity of flux transfer events (FTEs) is deduced on the basis of the vortex-induced reconnection theory. The topology and signatures of FTEs are calculated and discussed. The authors propose that the observed forms of FTE signatures depend on the motional direction of the FTE tube, the positions of the spacecraft relative to the passing FTE tube, and which part of the FTE tube (the magnetosphere part, the magnetopause part, or the magnetosheath part) the spacecraft is passing through. It is found that when a FTE tube moves from south to north along a straight line in the northern hemisphere, positive FTEs appear for most passages; however, reverse FTEs are also observed occasionally while the signatures of B[sub Z] (B[sub L]) appear as a single peak, and the irregular FTEs always correspond to oblique line motions of the FTE tube. The velocity signatures are similar to those of the magnetic field, but in the northern hemisphere their directions are all just opposite to the magnetic field. The calculated results for the magnetic field are compared with 61 observed FTEs. The observed signatures (B[sub N] and B[sub L]) of 52 FTEs are consistentmore » with the calculations. The results indicate that a majority of observed FTEs correspond to passages of spacecraft through the edges of FTE tubes.« less


Hotel and tourism, with its immense employment generation capability is very often called 'people intensive industry'. In this industry, human resources constitute a higher element of total operating cost. Obviously, the effective and extensive Human Resource Management (HRM) is critically significant to control the operating cost for long run survival. The Human Resource Policies and practices of every hotel company will have direct impact on procurement costs, quality human resources, delivery of quality products\services and reduce employees turnover. Therefore, management needs to ensure that HR activities should add value to the business. Today, managers are increasingly being asked to justify their decisions in financial terms. This development has proven to be especially difficult for HR managers as their activities are usually evaluated in behavioural/statistical terms rather than financial ones. In this paper the endeavour is primarily to examine the extent to which hotel companies can, and do measure the value of their human resources in financial terms. It also focuses on to promote an understanding and significant of HRA information for making vital Human Resource decisions in hotel companies in India.


We determine the ground-state energy and the effective dispersion law for a one-dimensional system of point bosons under zero boundary conditions. The ground-state energy is close to the value for a periodic system. However, the dispersion law is essentially different from that for a periodic system, if the coupling is weak (weak interaction or high concentration) or intermediate. We propose also a new method for construction of the thermodynamics for a gas of point bosons. It turns out that the difference in the dispersion laws of systems with periodic and zero boundary conditions does not lead to a difference in the thermodynamic quantities. In addition, under zero boundary conditions, the microscopic sound velocity does not coincide with the macroscopic one. This means that either the method of determination of k in the dispersion law E(k) is unsuitable or the low-energy excitations are not phonons.