Quick Response Code Abstract: Background: Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) accounts for 2–3% of all trauma patients. Injury to the spine and spinal cord is one of the common cause of disability and death. Several factors affect the outcome; but which are these factors (alone and in combination), are determining the outcomes are still unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors influencing the outcome following acute cervical spine injury. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational, single‐center, the nonrandomized study of all patients with cervical spinal injury attending Emergency Department within a week of injury, who were surgically managed in the Department of orthopedics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were included in the study. Demographic factors such as age, gender, etiology of injury, preoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, upper (C2‐C4) versus lower (C5‐C7) cervical level of injury, image logical factors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and timing of intervention were studied. Change in neurological status by one or more ASIA grade from the date of admission to 6 months follow‐up was taken as an improvement. Functional grading was assessed using the functional independence measure (FIM) scale at 6 months follow‐up. Results: A total of 39 patients with an acute cervical spine injury, managed surgically were included in this study. Follow‐up was available for 38 patients at 6 months. No improvement was noted in patients with ASIA Grade A. Maximum improvement was noted in ASIA Grade D group (83.3%). The improvement was more significant in lower cervical region injuries. Patient with cord contusion showed no improvement as opposed to those with just edema wherein; the improvement was seen in 62.5% patients. Percentage of improvement in cord edema ≤3 segments (75%) was significantly higher than edema with >3 segments (42.9%). Maximum improvement in FIM score was noted in ASIA Grade C and patients who had edema (especially ≤3 segments) in MRI cervical spine. Conclusions: Complete cervical SCI, upper‐level cervical cord injury, patients showing MRI contusion, edema >3 segments group have worst improvement in neurological status at 6 months follow‐up.


In cobble‐ and gravel‐bed streams, fine sediments (<4 mm diameter) are an important component of the bed material that can move at a full range of flows, not just during floods and spates. It has been hypothesized that the constant movement of this fine material, as it passes over the coarse bed, is an important ecological disturbance to plants and animals. In this study, I measured baseflow sediment transport rates across a number of regulated and unregulated sites in an upland catchment comprising isolated regions of granite/sandstone and acid volcanics in southern Victoria, southeastern Australia, as a precursor to a study examining the effects of sediment on aquatic biota. Examined on three separate occasions, transport rates for fine sediments were up to 100 times greater in the granite/sandstone streams, but diversion weirs, which greatly reduced downstream sediment loads in the granite/sandstone areas, moderated these differences. Measured transport rates within unregulated sections of the granite/sandstone streams were roughly equivalent to sediment loads found to disturb benthic communities in other experimental studies. On this basis, abrasion by sediment transport in these streams may be sufficient to influence the structure of benthic communities even at baseflow. This hypothesis forms the basis of other research examining the biota at these sites. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Blue-eyed Shag nestlings at two colonies on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, have been ringed annually since 1960. By 1979 27 % of the adult population had been ringed, and were of known-age. More males than females return to the colony and breed for the first time at ages 3-4 years, and most often obtain a mate of the same age, or of one year older than themselves. Age similarities within pairs persist in older age-groups, even amongst changed pairs. In most cases the new mate is one year older than the mate of the previous season. Pair stability between successive seasons is low, and does not affect, nor is effected by, breeding success. Five nest-site characteristics were found to have no effect on breeding performance. Older males obtain nest-sites which afford a high degree of social contact with their neighbours, usually in the centre and intermediate areas of the colony. Egg laying is more synchronous than in other shag species, and there is no relationship between female age and laying date. Late clutches are usually smaller and yield fewer fledged young than early and mid-season clutches. The number of chicks hatched and f3 edged increases up to the age of 5 years, and declined after 10-11 years of ago. Clutch size and nestling survival fluctuate markedly from season to season. In clutches of three, third eggs are smaller, yield lighter chicks and usually hatch within 2-4 days of their siblings. Hatching asynchrony (rather than egg-size differences) promotes chick weight differences, a.d the early death of third chicks. The daily food consumption of young 3-chick broods is 7-8 times less than that of older, reduced broods, and it is suggested that most adults selectively starve the third chick, causing its early death. Possible advantages of this behaviour are discussed.


Abstract : Tne Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) successfully designed, configured, implemented, documented, and tested a Geocoded Imagery Production System (GIPS) for the 480th Intelligence Group (IG), Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. The system is composed of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware components, COTS software packages, and nondevelopmental software packages designed to provide the production environment and tracking tools necessary to process and deliver ARC Digital Raster Imagery (ADRI) products. The system generates products compliant with the Broad Area ADRI Product Specification and the ADRI Format Specification, each dated 24 July 1992. The U.S. Air force established the ADRI program to provide the utility of an unclassified, broad area, current database of imagery to support mission planning. The ADRI image databases are used in mission planning and theater battle management systems as an image backdrop to assist mission profile development, a means to provide geopositioning information for navigation and target area acquisition, and a real-world scene for perspective view generation and mission preview. The 480th IG has the responsibility for the production of ADRI for the Air Combat Command.


Recent drilling activity and new seismic data have contributed to the understanding of the Lower Keraudren Formation in the Bedout Sub-Basin. The Lower Keraudren Formation is a thick (>5 km) succession of strata that was deposited rapidly during the Anisian of the Middle Triassic. Distinctive characteristics related to sediment provenance, sediment supply and accommodation have facilitated subdivision of the Formation into eight informal units: the Milne, Crespin, Baxter, Caley, Hove, Barret, Palma, and Huxley members. Tectonic elements of the East Gondwana Interior Rift and the Bedout High influenced the Sub-basin geometry during deposition of the Lower Keraudren. Extensional tectonics of the East Gondwana Interior Rift generated a series of Palaeozoic tilted fault blocks and grabens, which influenced the stratigraphic architecture, sediment dispersal patterns and distribution of reservoir and source rock facies. The structurally proud Bedout High, a roughly circular (~60 km wide) igneous feature, created a northern boundary to deposition. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation has characterised the interval as a series of north west prograding wedges. Well based data indicates the section is dominated by fluvio-deltaic deposits. Separating the Caley and Hove Members is a significant unconformity that is associated with renewed uplift of the Bedout High and a change in sediment provenance. Chemostratigraphy and petrology indicates the Caley and older strata were derived from a more mature sediment source, whereas the Hove and younger a more immature metamorphic source. Distinct changes in reservoir quality are observed above and below the Caley–Hove unconformity. Below the unconformity, the older, more mature sandstones exhibit superior reservoir quality compared with the younger, more immature sandstones.


Heat transfer processes are known to depend on hydrodynamic fields. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the hydrodynamic fields in curved channels. We consider a steady flow of NonNewtonian viscous liquids in a curved tube. The mathematical model is developed taking into account a negligibly small gravity force. The steady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are used as the governing equations. The solution domain (Figure 1) consists of three parts. The first part is a part of a straight tube of 0.015m long, L1=0.01 m, L2=0.005 m. The second part is a curved region with rotation angle equals 90 degrees and radius of the curvature R=0.075m. The third part is a part of the straight tube following the curved part. Boundary conditions: in the inlet region of the channel velocity field is fully developed, in the outlet region of the channel normal stress is given (the total stress on the boundary is set equal to a stress vector of magnitude, f0=0, oriented in the opposite normal direction). The no-slip condition is forced on the channel walls. We consider two geometric objects. There is a twisted tape insert in the curved part between B and F in Elbow #1 (Figure 1). Elbow #2 has a twisted tape insert in the straight part of the tube between A and B. The tape is twisted until it reaches an angle of 90 degrees and turns right in both cases. To describe the viscosity behavior we use the Kutateladze model. It is based on the structural theory of viscosity and its parameters have physical meaning. The three-dimensional incompressible NavierStokes equations are solved using COMSOL Multiphysics. In our computations we examine Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose (0.65% NaCMC) (Figure 2). This fluid is one of the widely used as a non-Newtonian fluid. Figure 2 show a comparison between distributions of velocity field in elbow #1 and elbow #2 where red region indicates a higher velocity. The distributions of the velocity field at cross-section D of the curved channels (elbow #1 and elbow #2) are shown in Figure 1. In the plot a red region indicates higher velocity. In the curved channel the fluid particles with different speeds are subjected to different effects of centrifugal forces. Due to these forces maximum speed tends to the outer wall of the curved tube. Numerical results show that due to the twisted tape inserted into the curved part of the channel additional inertial forces appear. The twisted tape before the curved channel considered for elbow#2 reduces the pressure on the outer wall and consequently reduces the force on the pipe wall and increases its longevity. The calculated hydrodynamic parameters can be further used to calculate heat and mass transfer. (The study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. State contract No. P1212 under The Federal Targeted Programme "Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel of the Innovative Russia in 2009-2013") Figures used in the abstract Figure 1: Geometric objects, (A), (B),..., (G) – cross-sections, where (С) – 30 degrees crosssection, (D) – 45 degrees cross-section, (E) – 60 degrees cross-section. Figure 2: Velocity field at cross-section D of the curved channel with insert; (а) Elbow #1; (b)


Interview with Alvar Berglund, born in 1919. The interview was conducted by Agneta Brunstrom and Eva Nystrom, students of the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Boras, on September 21st in 1982.


Financial innovation is the prerequisite for commercial banks to transform and keep sustainable competitive advantages. Existing research about knowledge creation financial innovation and knowledge management system are reviewed. The knowledge creation process was interpreted based on Nonaka's SECI model. The impacts of knowledge creation process and knowledge management systems(KMS) on banking financial innovation were analyzed. Four dimensions: socialization,externalization,combination and internalization are analyzed based on the actual business activities in the banking,which have the impacts on the improvement of financial innovation by some business process. In addition,the KMS has the direct impacts on four dimensions of knowledge creation and it also impact the financial innovation via knowledge creation process. It's a new view to research the financial innovation from knowledge management perspective and valuable to improve innovation capability of commercial banks.


The present invention discloses a direction-variable grinding drill power handle and an assembly thereof. The direction-variable grinding drill power handle is provided with a direction actuator used for jointing a cutter and driving revolution of a grinding drill cutter head of the cutter. The direction-variable grinding drill power handle comprises a handle body and an interface assembly connected to the handle body. The direction actuator is jointed with the cutter and capable of driving revolution of the grinding drill cutter head. Through arrangement of the interface assembly, a cutter connecting handle can be assembled and disassembled conveniently, and application is flexible. The handle is provided with the direction actuator for driving revolution of the grinding drill cutter head, thereby facilitating driving operation of revolution of the grinding drill cutter head by the direction-variable grinding drill power handle. The direction actuator for adjusting the revolution direction and a pitch actuator for adjusting the pitch direction are respectively arranged on different parts, so that the cutter structure can be simplified, assembly and operation are independent, interference between revolution driving and other operations on the cutter is prevented, operability of the grinding drill assembly can be improved, and operation can be smoothly accomplished.


The purpose of wall paintings during this time period was didactic, but few have survived. Past excavations have tended to discard most plaster pieces and retain only a sample of the most interesting; it is now customary to preserve the fragments but not reassemble the group, the explanation being insufficient quantity and deteriorated condition. A catalog of found fragments from Germany, Italy, and England is included. Author provides recommendations on how to proceed with plaster finds at excavation site.


Saffron is an important cash crop of Kashmir valley. This high value low yield crop helps thousands of families to earn their livelihood. From past decade the saffron industry is suffering on many fronts. This case study gives a holistic view of saffron industry in Kashmir. It addresses issues and threats that the industry is facing. The recommendations and remedial measures are also discussed. This case study also reflects upon the future growth prospects of industry while taking into account many aspects that many impact its growth. The implication of this study is that it may help to understand the current scenario of saffron crop industry in Kashmir and will provide an analytical overview, thereby suggesting sustainable measures of survival and growth of saffron industry in Kashmir.


Computational fluid dynamics has emerged as an essential investigative tool in nearly every field of technology. Despite a well‐developed mathematical theory and the existence of readily available commercial software codes, computing solutions to the governing equations of fluid motion remains challenging, especially due to the non‐linearity involved. Additionally, in the case of free surface film flows the dynamic boundary condition at the free surface complicates the mathematical treatment notably.


In this paper, we investigate the performance of multi-pair two-way relaying, in which multiple pairs of users exchange information within pair, with the help of a shared relay. Each user has a single antenna, and the relay is equipped with very large number of antennas. The relay adopts the amplify-and-forward protocol, and the beamforming matrixes of maximum-ratio combining/maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing reception/zero-forcing transmission are both considered. Due to array gain of antenna array, the power of each user or the relay (or both) can be made inversely proportional to the number of relay antennas, without compromising the performance. Thus, three power-scaling schemes are studied. Furthermore, the asymptotic spectral and energy efficiencies of the system are obtained analytically, when the number of relay antennas approaches to infinity. The asymptotic results are beneficial to provide more insightful understandings for the fundamental limits of the very large antenna system, and verified by the Monte-Carlo simulations. The analytical and simulation results reveal that very large antenna arrays in such system can average the small-scale fading, eliminate the inter-pair interference, and reduce the total power consumption.


One hundred and five taxa belonging to 40 genera were recorded from different sites of Loktak lake. Out of these 6 species belong to 4 genera of Cyanophyceae, 2 species to a genus of Euglenophyceae, 90 species to 28 genera of Chlorophyceae, 1 species to a genus of Charophyceae and 6 species to 6 genera of Bacillariophyceae. The number of Chlorophyceae was about 80% of the total algal taxa. The members of Desmids (Zygnematales) are more diversified amounting to 87% of Chlorophyceae. In 2007 during suvey of Loktak lake, 85 additional algal forms were recorded from this habitat. However, several algal taxa reported earlier in the lake were not observed in the present study.


moderate lognormal effects (Simpson et al., 1960:90) because the absolute dispersion of the measurements increases in direct proportion to the mean, while the distributions of the measurements appear to conform closely to the normal distribution. The most easily visualized examples of logarithmic effects involve ontogenetic weight or length studies, where the dispersion of the measurement is proportional to the mean length or weight of the population at the time of sampling. Less obvious is the variation of body scale counts in squamates (lizards and snakes), where the numbers of scales are fixed throughout life. In the latter case, lognormal relationships were suspected when large samples consistently showed slight positive skews (Klauber, 1941; Kerfoot, 1969), and when probits of log-transformed values more closely approximated straight lines (Wright, 1968:267). Given certain restrictions (origin intercept, direct proportionality; Kerfoot, 1969), the variability of lognormally distributed variables is conveniently expressed by the "coefficient of variation,"


By using three species of different flesh color muskmelon 'Zheha No.1','Zhewang 2025' and 'Lvmibao' as materials,the changes of the agronomic and physiological traits were measured during fruit development.The results showed that three melon varieties had same fruit diameter,but with different longitudinal diameter.Meanwhile,there were the differences in cell size and arrangement among three melon varieties.The TSS contents of 'Zheha No.1','Zhewang 2025'and 'Lvmibao' were respectively 11.97%,10.8% and 10.2%.Based a value of fruit measured in three melon varieties,'Zheha No.1' had early color-changed period,and long fruit coloration.


The pathogenesis and signaling in psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is not well‐understood. We found that, in contrast to skin from healthy subjects or from patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriatic skin exhibits strong activation of transcription factor NF‐κB mainly confined to dermal macrophages, whereas lymphocytes did not show activated NF‐κB. NF‐κB is required for the induction and/or function of many cytokines and aberrant cytokine expression has been proposed as an underlying cause of psoriasis. Therefore, we investigated whether NF‐κB targeting would affect the disease in the transgenic CD18 hypomorphic (CD18hypo) mouse model of psoriasis. When mice with severe psoriasiform lesions were treated systemically or locally with the natural IκB kinase inhibitor acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (AKβBA), NF‐κB signaling and the subsequent NF‐κB‐dependent cytokine production (TNF‐α, MCP‐1, IL‐12, and IL‐23) was profoundly suppressed. Additionally, application of the compound led to resolution of the abundant immune cell infiltrates, and reduced the increased proliferation of the keratinocytes. Overall, the AKκBA treatment reconstituted a nearly normal skin phenotype. Thus, NF‐κB signaling is pivotal for the pathogenesis in the CD18hypo mouse model of psoriasis and targeting of NF‐κB in macrophages might provide an effective therapeutic strategy.


Modifying the existing two-way street into a one-way street can alleviate the traffic congestion in a megacity and has the characteristics of economy saving, convenience, and quickness. However, at present, the setting of one-way street in China is mostly determined by human experience and lack of scientific basis. In this context, a one-way street network planning model is established in this paper. According to this model, the optimal method of adding a one-way street on the existing traffic network is found, solved by genetic algorithm. The abstract things are quantified, and some feasible, specific, efficient implementation steps to design a one-way street network are provided for the traffic control department. In addition, taking the traffic in the core area of Tongzhou New City as an example, this paper uses the one-way street planning model to construct the actual street network model and the one-way street network model in the core area of the Tongzhou New City and compares their simulation results. The results show that using the one-way street planning model to modify part of the two-way street into a one-way street in the core area of the Tongzhou New City can indeed improve the traffic operation of the area.


The compound R-(+)limonene is available and cheap than its oxidized products. Consequently, the selective oxidation of R(+)limonene has attracted attention as a promising process for the production of compounds with a higher market value, such as cis/trans-1,2-limoneneoxide, cis/trans-carveol and/or carvone. One of the these processes, described in the recent literature, is submission of R-(+)limonene to an oxidation reaction catalyzed by neutral or cationic Metal(Salen) complexes, in the presence of effective terminal oxidants such as NaOCl or PhIO. These reactions are commonly carried out in organic solvents (dichromethane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile or acetone). Thus, the main objective of the present work was to study the effect of several factors (type of oxidant, catalyst, solvent and time) on reaction selectivity for the high-priced compounds referred to above. For this purposes, experimental statistical multivariate analysis was used in conjunction with a complete experimental design. From the results it was observed that for the three targeted products (1,2-limoneneoxide, carveol or carvone) some factors, including the nature of the terminal oxidant and the catalyst, were significant for product selectivity (with a confidence level of 95%). Therefore, this statistical analysis proved to be suitable for choosing of the best reaction conditions for a specific desired product.


In Taiwan's electronics industry, both the semiconductor industry and panel industry are capital intensive and highly dependent on foreign trade. In order to gain higher excess profits, the operational goals must not only focus on the continuous improvement of the technology development, but also on achieving the leading position on the actual production output and production yield. Taiwan's lack of minerals, oil and other natural resources, Therefore, in terms of manufacturing costs, raw material costs or the sale of finished products, companies are faced with operational risks such as fluctuations in exchange rate and high uncertainties on the manufacturing costs. As a result, how to reduce the effect of raw material prices and exchange rate fluctuations on company's profitability has always been the focus of the industry. Therefore, this study uses unit root test method, OLS regression method, GARCH (1,1) method to explore the relationships between the price fluctuations of key raw materials (molybdenum, aluminum and copper) in both semiconductor industry and display industry, exchange rate and the share price of companies in the semiconductor and display panel industries. The results show that both before and after the financial crisis, the price of aluminum and the exchange rate had significant effects on the share price of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, United Microelectronics Corporation and AU Optronics corporation. There was a positive correlation between the aluminum price and the share prices. But there was a negative correlation between NT dollar appreciation and the share prices.


BACKGRoUNd: The regulation of blood pressure is a dynamic process in which myriad mechanisms operate simultaneously. The renin-angiotensin system is one of the most studied blood pressure control systems because the rise of circulating angiotensin II levels is associated with the development of hypertension and renal damage. In control theory, the field of system identification is focused on the development of mathematical models based on experimental determination of a system's temporal behaviour. oBJeCtIVe: The aim of the present study was to use experimental and theoretical analyses to characterize whole organism response to stimulus with angiotensin II (the input variable) using systolic blood pressure as the output variable. methods: Nine normotensive male Wistar rats (250 g to 300 g), six weeks of age, were housed under standard laboratory conditions. The animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (65 mg/kg) to implant a catheter in the aorta. The systolic arterial pressure was continuously recorded using a pressure transducer attached to the intra-arterial cannula. Animals were stimulated with at least four boluses of angiotensin II, at fixed time intervals. A mathematical model was proposed to reproduce the systolic blood pressure response at each stimulus with angiotensin II. ResULts: Three static properties were demonstrated: homogeneity, additivity and shift invariance. These results agree with linear systems requirements. CoNCLUsIoNs: The whole-body response to angiotensin II stimulus behaves linearly, despite the high complexity of the blood pressure regulation subsystems and their simultaneous interactions; specifically, there is a linear relationship between the observed rise in systolic blood pressure and angiotensin II concentration.


Thurstone's Comparative Judgment Model was applied to measure characteristics of tourists' after-trip perception of landscape preference in the Confucius Temple,a famous historical block in Nanjing City.The results show that(a)as time goes by,the tourists' time perception differentiation has continuously sublimated from the general experience into the peak experience,and gradually evolved into the core experience element in the overall perception.In terms of content,perceptional contents of tourists decrease in sequence of the Confucian culture,the commercial culture and the culture of refined scholars.As a whole,tourists' after-trip perception differentiation has 3 sections:halo zone,sub-halo zone,and gray zone.(b)Because of tourism development,the Confucian culture is influenced by other cultures,and the commercial culture shows the trend of "over-generalization",and the culture of refined scholars has weakening carriers and modes of inheritance.Inheritance of its unique cultural connotations deserves increasing attention.


The dynamic model of the parachute system with the inverted 'Y' suspension is established,which is widely used in recovery systems.The model is comprised of the general rigid-body equations considering apparent mass and the modeling method of suspension system based on the assumption of "equilibrium points".A simulation analysis for a spaceship's airdrop experiment is carried out and the validity of models is showed by the experiment data.


A study was made of the influence of gamma-irradiation of rats (14.4, 9.6, 7.2 and 4.8 Gy) on the number of nucleate cells, and the concentration of triacylglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL). Cellularity and concentration of PL decreased while that of TG increased under the effect of radiation. The degree of the changes in the above parameters was a function of dose and time after irradiation.


We consider the response of a multicomponent body to $n$ fields, such as electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature gradients, concentration gradients, etc., where each component, which is possibly anisotropic, may cross couple the various fields with different fluxes, such as electrical currents, electrical displacement currents, magnetic induction fields, energy fluxes, particle fluxes, etc. We obtain the form of the perturbation expansions of the fields and response tensor in powers of matrices which measure the difference between each component tensor and a homogeneous reference tensor ${\bf L}_0$. For the case of a statistically homogeneous or periodic composite the expansion coefficients can be expressed in terms of positive semidefinite normalization matrices alternating with positive semidefinite weight matrices, which at each given level sum to the identity matrix. In an appropriate basis the projection operators onto the relevant subspaces can be expressed in block tridiagonal form, where the blocks are functions of these weight and normalization matrices. This leads to continued fraction expansions for the effective tensor, and by truncating the continued fraction at successive levels one obtains a nested sequence of bounds on the effective tensor incorporating successively more weight and normalization matrices. The weight matrices and normalization matrices can be calculated from the series expansions of the fields which solve the conductivity problem alone, without any couplings to other fields, and then they can be used to obtain the solution for the fields and effective tensor in coupled field problems in composites.


The luminescence and photoconductivity of photoconducting phosphors are generally rather complicated nonlinear functions of the exciting intensity, if recombination occurs competitively at two types of centres. Certain properties of several two-centre models have been discussed by earlier investigators, and one model has been examined in detail by Schon. This paper aims at a broader survey of the types of nonlinear behaviour and of the generality of their occurrence with different models. A family of models is introduced which in a sense exhausts the simple possibilities for two-centre systems. In many cases, the essential features of more complex systems are adequately rendered by the simple models. A suitable method for analysing the models is presented and results are surveyed. Any model with excitation in the fundamental absorption band of the crystal can show emission proportional to the excitation intensity to the power γ over an extended range with γ = 0, 1/2, 2/3, 1, 3/2, 2, or ∞. Superlinearity is favoured by excitation in the luminescence centres, and sublinearity by excitation in the competing centres. A wider variety of conductivity dependences is found, among which there are cases in which the conductivity decreases with increasing excitation. The results emphasize the great advantage of simultaneous electrical and optical observations on any such system.


The tag collision problem is a major factor that results in low tag identification rates in a passive radio frequency identification (RFID) system. Most present RFID systems use the time division multiple access (TDMA) technique to overcome this problem. However, the tag read rate is limited due to the nature of the TDMA technique. A multi-carrier RFID system jointly utilizes the frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and TDMA techniques to enhance the tag read rate in the system. In this work, the system performance of a multi-carrier RFID system in terms of tag read rate is analyzed, and the theoretical system performance is verified with computer simulations.


The generation of OPC technology,technology specification of OPC standard and the benefit of using OPC standard design system are briefly introduced in this paper.The main application fields at home and abroad is summarized.Main function in the application of the OPC technology is analyzed.The repetitive work is reduced in the process of integrating system.OPC represents the developing direction of the communication standard in process control systems.Therefore,the OPC technology has the application foreground in the industry automatic control system.Meanwhile,this technology will be applied to more fields.


It has been reported previously that the filtered semiannual oscillation (SAO) of polar motion has a variable amplitude modulated with a period of about 3 years. Assuming, that this quasi 3‐year modulation of the amplitude is caused by the beat of two oscillations, namely the SAO and the semi‐Chandler oscillation (SCHO), we filtered them using the Fourier Transform Band Pass Filter (FT BPF) with carefully choosen parameters. These two oscillations filtered from the astrometric polar motion set of data and the IERS (90C04) combined polar motion data have slightly variable amplitudes modulated with the period of about 11 to 13 years and reaching maxima of about several mas. Similar oscillations were found in the equatorial components of the atmospheric excitation functions computed by the NMC (National Meteorological Center) and JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency). The epochs of the maxima of the time variable coherence between these oscillations of geodetic and atmospheric excitation functions are correlated with El Niño epochs.


In order to determine the text-historical relationship between the parallel materials, two questions need to be answered: How are these texts embedded in their respective contexts and how do the differences between them influence their purport? The materials of 1 Kgs. 9: 15-22 deal with three aspects of the labour-levy: the building operations accomplished by the labour-levy (v. 15; cf. vv. 17b-19); the reason why Solomon raised the labour-levy and its ethnic composition (v. 20, v. 22). The paragraph bears the character of an overview covering a span of time that is not specified but probably equals Solomon's entire regnal period. Thus the note on Solomon's building operations of v. 22a follows on the statement of v. 22 that Solomon's ship brought building materials, without actually saying that these materials were used for the building. V. 22c and v. 26 both deal with the topic of horses and chariots.Keywords: building materials; ethnic composition; labour-levy; ship; Solomon; text-historical relationship


Abstract The use of high pressure in food processing was recently developed in Japan. An historical presentation of such an application during the XXth century will be described. An analysis of the different possible actions of high pressure on living systems will be then given. Some results recently obtained in Bordeaux will also be discussed.


Objective:To investigate the possible association of C-509T,G-800A,and C-988A single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) in the promoter region of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) gene with the susceptibility to gastric cardia adenocarcinoma(GCA) in a population of Northern China.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction amplification refractory mutation system(PCR-ARMS) analysis were used to detect the distribution of SNPs of C-509T,G-800A and C-988A in 214 GCA patients and 298 healthy controls,respectively.The level of TGF-β1 was measured using ELISA and the protein expression of TGF-β1 in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results:The overall genotype and allelotype distributions of C-509T polymorphism of TGF-β1 gene in GCA patients were significantly different from those in healthy controls(P0.05).The subjects with T allelotype had significantly increased risk of developing GCA compared with those with C allelotype carriers [after adjustment for gender,age,and family history of upper digestive tract tumor,the adjusted odds ratio(OR) =1.46,95% confidence interval(CI) =1.05-2.06].Compared with CC genotype,the subjects with CT and TT genotypes had significantly increased risk of developing GCA(adjusted OR=1.84 and 2.02,respectively;95%CI=1.30-2.37 and 1.37-2.59,respectively).The genotype and allelotype distributions of G-800A and C-988A polymorphism of TGF-β1 were not significantly different between GCA patients and healthy controls(P0.05).The serum level of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in GCA patients than that in healthy controls(P0.01) and it was significantly higher in C-509T T allelotype carriers than non C-509T carriers(P0.05).The protein expression of TGF-β1 in GCA tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues(65.5% vs 15.5%,P0.01) and it was higher in C-509T T allelotype carriers than non C-509T carriers(P0.05).Conclusion:T allelotype of C-509T in the promoter region of TGF-β1 may be one of the genetic predisposition genes for developing GCA in Northern China and T allelotype carriers may have increased risk of developing GCA by stimulating the over-expression of TGF-β1.


Background and Purpose:
 Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The time from stroke onset to treatment impacts clinical outcome. Here we examined whether changing a triage model from "drip and ship" to "mothership" yielded significant reductions of onset-to-groin time (OGT) in patients receiving EVT, and onset-to-needle time (ONT) in IVT-treated patients, compared to before FAST-PLUS test implementation. We also investigated whether the new triage improved clinical outcomes.

 Methods:
 In a prospective interventional multicenter study, we evaluated the effects of changing the prehospital triage system for suspected stroke patients in the Moravian-Silesian region, Czech Republic. In the new system, the validated FAST PLUS test is used to differentiate patients with suspected large vessel occlusion, and triage-positive patients are transported directly to the CSC. Time metrics and patient data were obtained from the regional EMS database and SITS database.

 Results:
 For EVT patients, the median OGT was 213 min in 2015, and 142 min in 2018; and median TT was 118 min in 2015, and 47 min in 2018. For tPA patients, the median ONT was 110 min in 2015, and 109 min in 2018; and median TT was 41 min in 2015, and 48 min in 2018. Clinical outcome did not significantly change. The median mRS at 3 months after stroke onset in both 2015 and 2018 was 2 among tPA patients, and 3 among EVT patients. The percentages of patients with favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0-2) were comparable between 2015 and 2018: 60% vs 59% in tPA patients, and 40% vs 44% in EVT patients.

 Conclusions:
 The new prehospital triage has yielded shorter onset-to-groin times for EVT patients. No changes were found in the onset-to-needle time for IVT-treated patients, or in the clinical outcome at 3 months after stroke onset.


Various Ce-Fe-Co alloys were prepared in DMF.Electroreduction behaviors of Ce(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) on Cu electrodes were studied using electrochemical workstation.Their chemical composition,structure and property were analyzed by EDX,SEM,XRD and VSM analyses.The results demonstrated that(1) Ce(Ⅲ)was not reduced to deposit on the surface of electrode,but deposited by deposition of Co and Fe;(2) Deposition potential strongly affected chemical composition of alloys,but the effect of bath composition and deposition time was weak;(3) Magnetic property of alloys was increased by adding Ce;(4) The spherical crystal formed with the increase of annealing temperature,resulting in decrease of magnetic property.


Hydrogen and oxygen isotope rations of thermal waters from 46 spas in Okayama Prefecture range from -62.6 to -29.2% in δD and from -10.0 to -4.4% in δ18O, respectively. The isotope rations indicate that all but one of the thermal water in Okayama prefecture are meteoric in origin. The Ofuku thermal water is the only exception, which is probably a mixture of seawater and meteoric water with the ratio of about 1.
 Sulfur isotope rations of dissolvel sulfate in the thermal waters range from -6.2 ti 59.3% in δ34S. The high δ34S values observed in some thermal waters may be due to bacterial reduction of sulfate.


tag=1 data=Rush to judgment. by Peter Maher

tag=2 data=Maher, Peter

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=4 data=114

tag=5 data=5847

tag=6 data=24 November 1992

tag=7 data=14.

tag=8 data=INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS%VIC

tag=10 data=A lust for reform has not only induced chaos in Victoria, but is likely to boost federal Labor's chances.

tag=11 data=1992/4/14

tag=12 data=92/0966

tag=13 data=CAB


This research belongs to the category of normative research, which is conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. In ways of effort to protect occupational safety and health, the establishment of regulations is firstly intended to ensure occupational safety and health. Occupational Health aims to assist workers, protecting workers from health problems arising from work and the work environment. The objectives of the research to be achieved are (1) To describe how the legal protection of occupational safety and health according to labor laws (2) To describe the composition and purpose of occupational safety and health efforts according to labor laws. The type of research that will be used to write this law is normative juridical


Abstract Zionist geographers in Israel were highly involved in institutionalizing Israel's national identity. In search for interpretative schemes, they were highly committed both to Western paradigms and to Zionist narratives. Until the 1970s, organicist models of regional geography were popular despite contradictions between the use of tragic and comic narratives in Western models and the need to adopt romantic narratives for Zionist purposes. The emergence of historical geography in the 1950s helped to solve these contradictions by adopting a contextual mode of explanation in which the national story has been described in terms of a unique one and as an example for the power of Zionist civilization to transform bewildered nature. During the last two decades, new forms of criticism have emerged that changed the discourse from a particularistic story of nation building to a more general story of colonization and territorial control.


Abstract In this paper, the residual stress in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, which was processed using blow-molding, was analyzed theoretically and numerically. First, the process of blow-molding was analyzed theoretically, which had considered both blowing process and curing of the polymer. The creep model was used to describe the relation between the deformation and the pressure in the blowing process, and thermo-chemical model was used to describe the curing process of the PET bottle. Then, a simulation was carried out using ABAQUS based on the creep model and thermo-chemical curing model. The deformation, residual stresses, heat flux vector and strain of the PET bottle during the blow-molding process were obtained. Finally, the effect of loading path on the residual stress was analyzed numerically, which shows that the longer the pressure was applied, the larger the residual stress.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The ability to perform 20 or more one-leg heel-rises is considered a "normal" grade for muscle strength (force-generating capacity of muscle) of the ankle plantar flexors, regardless of age and sex. Because muscle strength is closely related to age and sex, the "normal" test criterion was re-evaluated in different groups categorized by age and sex.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
One hundred eighty sedentary volunteers (21-80 years of age) without lower-limb lesions performed as many repetitions of one-leg heel-rise as possible. Lunsford and Perry criteria were used to determine completion of the test.

RESULTS
The age and sex of the participants influenced the maximal repetitions of heel-rise, and the repetitions decreased with age and in female subjects.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The muscle strength of the ankle plantar flexors, as measured by manual muscle testing, varied with age and sex. Clinicians should consider the variances of age and sex when they perform manual muscle testing of the ankle plantar flexors.


The invention provides a data publishing system which is used for publishing data for a data download client, and the system comprises a data storage module and a data publishing module, wherein when the data download client sends client authentication information and data downward request information to the data publishing system for downloading data from the data publishing system, the data publishing module is used for carrying out authentication on the data download client by utilizing the client authentication information; when the authentication passes, the data publishing module is used for sending the data download request information to the data storage module, the data storage module is used for producing the data to be published and sending to the data publishing module; the data publishing module is then used for sending storage address of the well produced data to be published in the data publishing module to the data download client; and the data download client further downloads the data to be published from the data publishing module according to the storage address sent by the data publishing module. The invention further provides a data publishing method.


In Japan, the percentage of elderly people in the population is increasing at a rate unparalleled in other countries. As of September 1, 2003, there were approximately 24,280,000 people aged 65 or older, constituting 19.0% of the population. It is forecast that in 2015, that figure will have increased to 32,770,000 people, or 26% of the population. Accordingly, a true "aged society" will have arisen, with one in four Japanese citizens being of age 65 or older. In addition, the concept of normalization, to achieve a society where persons with disabilities can live and be active on an equal basis to those without disabilities, is becoming widespread among the public. Accordingly, there is a need for consideration to enable disabled people receive services on the same basis as able-bodied people. According to the Annual Report on Outline Measures for the Disabled for fiscal 2001, there are about 3,516,000 disabled people in Japan. In order to respond to such circumstances, the creation of an environment that enables the elderly and disabled to manage their daily lives and public lives independently is an urgent task. In this regard, an especially large role is played by the "mobility environment" achieved through the use of public transport such as trains and buses. Accordingly, there is a need to create barrier-free transport environments by — for example — installing elevators and escalators in stations, introducing low-floor buses, and widening pathways and eliminating steps on roads, station plazas, and passageways around transport facilities. Given such a situation, for the purpose of overall implementation of policies to encourage barrier-free transport initiatives, in 2000, the Law for Promoting the Improvement of Public Transportation Accessibility to the Aged, the Disabled and the Like ("Transportation Accessibility Improvement Law") was enacted.


The influence of pyrolysis temperature on the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes through acetylene catalytic cracking has been studied by SEM, TEM, HRTEM and Raman methods. Experiment results show that muti-walled nanotubes with high yield, uniform diameter distribution and high graphitization can be obtained at the optimum reaction temperature range(650℃~700℃). The effect mechanism of pyrolysis temperature was also discussed.


Differences in rate of growth, body weight, conformation, egg production, hatchability, and other characteristics of turkeys are of practical importance to the turkey grower and to the turkey breeder. There is a good deal of evidence to show that such characteristics are inherited and that selection in a breeding program is effective in improving turkeys with respect to any of these characteristics. It is also known that heritable characteristics are influenced by environmental factors. It is not always easy to separate these hereditary and environmental factors, but the action of genes or hereditary factors on the characteristics of turkeys may be illustrated by examples:


Considerable research has examined the prevalence and apparent consequences of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) in both laboratory and authentic classroom settings. Few studies, however, have explored methods to reduce TUTs during learning; those few studies tested small samples or used unvalidated TUT assessments. The present experimental study attempted to conceptually replicate previous findings of testing effects and pretesting effects on TUT and learning. In a study of 195 U.S. undergraduates, we investigated whether interpolated testing (compared to interpolated restudy) and pretesting on lecture-relevant materials (compared to pretesting on conceptually related but lecture-irrelevant materials) would reduce TUTs during a video lecture on introductory statistics. Subjects completed either a content-matched or content-mismatched pretest on statistics concepts and then watched a narrated lecture slideshow. During the lecture, half of the sample completed interpolated tests on the lecture material and half completed interpolated restudy of that material. All subjects responded to unpredictably presented thought probes during the video to assess their immediately preceding thoughts, including TUTs. Following the lecture, students reported on their situational interest elicited by the lecture and then completed a comprehensive posttest. Interpolated testing significantly reduced TUT rates during the lecture compared to restudying, conceptually replicating previous findings—but with a small effect size and no supporting Bayes-factor evidence. We found no statistical evidence for either an interpolated testing effect on learning, nor a pretesting effect on TUT rates or learning. Interpolated testing might have limited utility to support students' attention, but varying effect sizes across studies warrants further work.


Design and fabrication of superimposed fibre Bragg gratings are considered. Firstly, an accurate numerical model for computing the reflection and transmission spectra of the superimposed gratings is presented. The model employs the transfer matrix method and takes into account the photosensitivity profile of the fibre, which is understood as the dependence of the refractive index change versus UV light exposure dose. It is shown that the model accurately reproduces the impact of saturation of the photosensitivity profile on the reflection and transmission spectra of the superimposed grating. Secondly, by varying the initial phase of each elementary grating comprising the superimposed one, the latter is optimised such that the total maximum refractive index change required is minimised. The optimisation is carried out by means of the genetic algorithm, a global optimisation technique. A method for an almost optimal use of the fibre photosensitivity is proposed. The method overcomes the problems related to the non-infinitesimal length of the interferometric pattern in the grating writing setup. A successful fabrication of optimised 8- and 16-channel filters for a 2.5 Gb/s DWDM system with 50 GHz channel separation is reported. It is shown that the optimised superimposed gratings have a smaller insertion loss than similar non-optimised ones.


The present invention, (i) step, and, (ii) the resulting solidified layer by irradiating a light beam to the predetermined portion of the powder layer formed on a plastic plate and solidified sintering or melting the powder of the predetermined location to form a solidified layer forming a new powder layer on, and a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional sculpture shapes of performing repeatedly the process of forming the solidified layer of the additional exposure to a light beam at a predetermined position of the new powder layer, to solidify the solidified layer density 95-100 % of the high density region and the solidified density (not including 95%) of 0-95%, and formed to be made of low-density region, the method characterized in that the high-density region in an area where the force is exerted, in use of the three-dimensional shape of the sculpture to provide.


The location of shelter used by nine species of small mammals released after capture during a mark-recapture study in tropical woodland and open forest was recorded whenever possible. A quantitative profile of such post-release behaviour by different species permits its incorporation into analyses of habitat selection. Characteristics of post-release behaviour also provide clues about the nature of predation pressure on various species. Arboreal species tended to select tree species with boles having camouflage potential. Small species used small holes. Scansorial species used the greatest range of sheltering sites. Average distance moved to shelter was inversely related to the mean density of a species.


In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa the biosynthesis of carotenoids is regulated by blue light, principally through transcriptional activation of some key genes in the carotenogenic enzymatic pathway. Here we report the characterization of the photoinducible promoter of the albino‐3 (al‐3) gene, encoding GGPP synthase. We have modified the 5'non‐coding sequence of the cloned al‐3 gene by deletion and site‐directed mutagenesis, and we have tested the residual photoinducibility of the different constructs by transformation and subsequent analysis of gene expression in dark‐grown and light‐induced mycelia. The results indicate that a promoter region between positions −226 and −55 contains all the necessary information for blue light photoinduction. Multiple regulatory elements are involved in the regulated expression of the al‐3 gene. One (termed the APE element) is important for the light‐induction switch on of the gene and a second belongs to the CCAAT boxes family. The putative APE element is also found in the promoter of other N. crassa photoinducible genes.


Through practical analysis and noise measurement on civilian building, analysis on the reason of noise occurred, three air conditioning regions are divided: air conditioner room,the front and terminal of air supply system, based on noise reduction manner. Noise is reduced without affecfing the original efficiency by means of effective measure. Some advice is presented for air conditioning system with noise reduction demand.


A 28-residue β-hairpin dimer (WKWK)2 with two Trp and two Lys residues on one face of each β-sheet was shown to form a complex with single-stranded oligonucleotides at low micromolar concentrations. Each β-hairpin of the dimer contains a cross-strand Trp-Trp pair in a diagonal orientation which has previously been shown to create a cleft for the intercalation of aromatic guests such as adenine (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 9580). The β-hairpin dimer binds 5-residue ssDNA sequences 5'-AAAAA-3', 5'-TTTTT-3', and 5'-CCCCC-3' in water with dissociation constants in the range of 12−30 μM. A weak energetic preference for binding to sequence 5'-AAAAA-3' was observed, which is believed to result from stronger stacking interactions between Trp and the adenine base. The interaction of 5'-AAAAA-3' with the Lys and Trp residues of the peptide was evident by NMR, and a 1:1 association was demonstrated. The recognition of an 11-residue ssDNA sequence occurred with a dissociation constant of 3 μM under near-physiologica...


The articles in this Special Feature stem from a 2010 conference (Bridging Conservation and Development in Latin America and Africa) organized by the University of Florida's Tropical Conservation Development Program, Center for African Studies, and Center for Latin American Studies. The conference involved researchers and practitioners from Africa and Latin America focused on the complex and evolving relationship between conservation and development. The conference provided bridges between academics and non-academics, conservation and development, and theory and practice. The resulting comparative analyses focus on: empowerment of local institutions; enhanced capacity of local and regional stakeholders through a recognition and validation of local knowledge systems and the creation of knowledge networks; understanding of social and natural landscapes, history, contexts, and their evolution; and the roles of economic and market forces in shaping opportunities for using market-based incentives to promote conservation and development. In this introductory article we propose a conceptual framework based on the six connected pillars of natural resource characteristics, interactions of social actors, governance and participation, politics, information exchange, and economic issues that support spaces for both conflicts and synergies between conservation and development goals. Our goal is to foster informed dialogue and social learning to promote sustainability.


The SF6 gas is popular used in high voltage switchgear because it has some advantages such as the electrical disruptive strength or the electric light arc quenching capability. This means that the functional safety of the entire system is strongly depend on the density of SF6 gas which is why it must be monitored. This paper presents a design of the on-line monitoring system of the density of SF6 gas of electronic transformer. The monitoring system, which base on Virtual Instrument, enhances both the flexibility of digital signal processing and the computing speed. On the other hand, the software exploitation, debugging and improving are easier, compared with the hardware circuit. The realization with virtual instrument is flexible and with low fabrication costs and shorten the period.


This paper describes the deterioration and preservation of an Ancient Egyptian polychrome wooden coffin, dating back to the 1 st century. Common deterioration problems are the wood splitting and cracking, detachment of ground and paint layers, fungal damage, dirt adhesion and staining. The project entails securing the severely damaged wood, preparation of lime layer, the painting layer, and paint layer to a substrate, by consolidation, cleaning, dust removal and treatment of the degraded wood. Qualitative analysis of samples selected from the coffin, was reported. Studies that includes the identification of wood species, ground layer, paint layer, binding medium and microbiological identification were made. Several analytical methods were employed in the identification processes such as the Light optical microscopy (LOM), Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEMEDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained data were used to evaluate the deterioration status of the coffin and to establish suitable treatment methods.


Objective:To explore the effect of oocytes in vitro maturation in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in IVF-ET cycles. Methods:The long protocol of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation method was applied for 51 infertile patients.When early signs of occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS) appeared,the patients were divided into two groups according to their own selection.The oocytes were aspirated and maturated in vitro 36 hours after HCG administration in experimental group(21 cycles).The routine IVFET protocol was continuously used in the control group(30 cycles).Clinical parameters including total days and dosages of gonadotropin(Gn) used,fertilization rate,clinical pregnancy rate(CPR),occurrence of OHSS rate and canceled cycle rate were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in basic reproductive hormone levels,the fertilization rate,the good embryo rate and CPR between the experimental and control group.The dosages of Gn, stimulation days and number of acquired oocytes in experimental group were much less than those in control group(P0.05).The occurrence of OHSS rate and the canceled cycle rate in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P0.05). Conclusions:Follicle aspiration associated with maturation in vitro can not only reduce the dosage of Gn,but also prevent OHSS occurrence in patients undergoing IVF-ET without affecting pregnancy outcome.


A closed system of six stellar hydrodynamic equations is derived for describing the dynamics of perturbed motions of thin disk galaxies in which the motion is primarily circular. These hydrodynamic equations can be solved exactly in the special case of the uniformly rotating Maclaurin disk. This solution is consistent with Kalnajs's exact solution of the collisionless Boltzmann equation for this disk, and describes the important barlike modes exactly. More generally, the stellar hydrodynamic equations provide a feasible method for calculating large-scale modes of oscillation of disk galaxies, and help elucidate the differences between stellar and gaseous disks.


We employed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY) to explore the relationship between a young woman's enrollment/employment status and the likelihood that she would experience a non-marital pregnancy. After controlling for differences in observable characteristics, we found that, for whites, the probability of pregnancy in a given month was significantly lower in those months in which young women were enrolled only, employed only, or both enrolled and employed (relative to months in which they were neither enrolled or employed). For Hispanics, we found that the probability of pregnancy in a given month was significantly lower in those months in which young women were enrolled only. We then tested for, and found evidence of, the presence of unobservable characteristics associated with the likelihood of pregnancy and correlated with enrollment/employment status. After controlling for these differences, we found that the probability of pregnancy continued to be significantly lower in those months in which young white women were either enrolled or both enrolled and employed. In the case of Hispanics, however, enrollment was no longer associated with a significantly lower likelihood of pregnancy.


To develop research competence in prospective teachers, a system of methods for diagnostics and formation of this competence in prospective elementary school teachers in the training process is designed. To diagnose the research competence, a series of techniques were used that allow subtle evaluation of each competence research component: axiological, emotional-motivational, cognitive, behavioral, and control-evaluation. These techniques also give the opportunity to assess the level of research competence formation. The study involved 102 students from Kazakh State women's teacher training university: students of the experimental group (50 people) were trained in accordance with developed methods of forming research competence; students in the control group (52 people) were engaged in a common program. The generalization of the experiment results shows that middle and low levels of research competence formation dominated in the experimental and control groups. In this study, we developed and piloted the course "Approach to the research competence formation in prospective elementary school teachers". The course was tested at the Kazakh State women's teacher training university. The diagnostic results showed that the level of research competence formation increased in the experimental group, whereas in the control group, indicators remained unchanged. Statistical data processing confirmed the accuracy of the changes.


Food perception is a multimodal sensation which implies cross-modal interplays. Tactile, thermal, painful and kinesthetic stimuli arising from food intake may impact on flavor perception, especially taste perception. The influence of oral somatosensory signals on food taste perception remains unclear. The aim of the present systematic review was to appraise the effects of oral mechanical, thermal, chemical and pain sensations on taste perception. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search of the literature from 1968 to 2018 was conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE and clinical trials (PROSPERO registration reference: CRD42018100176). A total of 105 articles were included for analysis. The results from this review suggest that taste abilities and taste perception are frequently modified by food textural and chemical properties. Furthermore, saliva features, dental and prosthetic status and oral pain can also modulate taste perception. Biological and physiological phenomenon underlying these results may be involved such as tastant release, tastant detection, taste transduction and central trigemino-gustatory interplays.


The contamination degree of insulators in substation is monitored by long term real time detecting of the leakage current of insulators in this paper. The leakage current sensor is developed to have enough linearity in the range from 100 μA to 5×10 5 μA and to possess 150 kHz bandwidth. The high speed data acquisition system based on industrial PC is adaptive to leakage current variation in a wide range. The system can accurately predict the degree of contamination on the insulator in time. When the contamination degree is above the limit, it will give alarm signal, thus decreasing the probability of flashover in substation and improving the reliability of power supply system.


The annual fluctuation of growth of sand eel col1ected from 1968 to 1977 was studied in relation to the populatien density in Ise Bay. There was no apparent sex difference in the growth in the first and second years oflife. The population was diyided into two groups, age O and 1 groups, based on the distribution of body length. Biweekly mean body length and mean body weight for each yeartlass remarkably fluctuated every year. A considerable yearly variation occurring in the growth was in ctose connection with the fluctuation of population density of age O group. A highly significant negative correlation existed between the growth in wejght and the population density.


Our key theme of the Outlook this year is "Roots of Prosperity" (slide 1). Several distinguishing features that contribute to a prosperous U.S. agriculture are its ability to respond to changing economics and to adapt to changing growing conditions. In addition, U.S. agriculture benefits from its many and varied forms: from crops to livestock, from specialty crops to aquaculture, from upstream input companies to downstream food manufacturers. All the while, an open market helps guides innovation and adjustments.


This paper reports that petrochemicals may be retrieved by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-containing wastes in a fluidized bed of sand held at 600-800{degrees} C. Plastics and rubber recycling is important because most plastics are produced from oil and the price of crude oil has increased worldwide. High-molecular-weight substances cannot be purified by physical processes such as distillation, extraction, or crystallization. They can be recycled only be pyrolyzing the macromolecules into smaller fragments. The pyrolyzate can then undergo common petrochemical separation processes. As plastic waste consists mainly of polyolefins, the final product would be rich in olefins.


Emphysema is an incurable disease characterized by loss of lung tissue leading to impaired gas exchange. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is reduced in emphysema, and exogenous activation of the pathway in experimental models in vivo and in human ex vivo lung tissue improves lung function and structure. We sought to identify a pharmaceutical able to activate Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and assess its potential to activate lung epithelial cells and repair.


A model for collective movement and pattern formation in layered suspensions of negatively geotactic micro-organisms is presented. The motility of the organism is described by an average upward swimming speed U and a diffusivity tensor D. It is shown that the equilibrium suspension is unstable to infinitesimal perturbations when either the layer depth or the mean concentration of the organisms exceeds a critical value. For deep layers the maximum growth rate determines a preferred pattern size explicitly in terms of U and D. The results are compared with observations of patterns formed by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis.


A data migration solution was proposed for solving the problem of low system running efficiency due to large information data of die mould industry.Two data migration schemes were presented based on analysis of the requirements for data in die mould industry and their advantages and disadvantages were investigated.A data migration system was developed based on scheme 2 and proved feasible.


The purpose of this study is to investigate aesthetic characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of the style that European fashion(Paris, London, Netherlands) has accepted the since century. The mode Japonisme's development process in around century and 21st century has 6 characteristics as follows; 1. Accepting kimono as dressing gown 2. Accepting kimono as Japanese style's objet of Japanese taste 3. Accepting Japanese textile's skills, patterns, and asymmetry. 4. Accepting kimono's formative nature : flat pattern, flexibility, style etc. 5. Shocking of Japanese style's beauty 6. Accepting characters and casual wear Japanese aesthetic consciousness expressed on unconstructed design or deconstructed design that is the aesthetic characteristic of Japanese fashion is , , and the aesthetic consciousness expressed on Zen(Seon) style, cartoons of character fashion, and costume play is .


Uncer t a in t i e s a b o u t the iden t i ty of Xiphinema ensiculiferum (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1937 (2, 11) have been resolved in a redescription by Southey and Luc (10) based on a topotype population. X. ensiculiferum of Loos (6) and X. ensiculiferum of Luc (7) were assigned to new species, X. loosi and X. h y g r o p h i l u m , r e s p e c t i v e l y ; a n d X. ensiculiferoides Cohn and Sher (3) was synonomized with X. ensiculiferum. The status of X. ensiculiferum of Carvalho (1) remains uncertain. Yeates (12) also described X. ensiculiferurn (under the name ensiculiferoides) from specimens collected in the New Hebrides. His description included details of the four larval stages. No males of X. ensiculiferum sensu stricto have been reported. We found X. ensiculiferum in three soil samples from about the roots of tea (Thea sinensis L.) and wild banana (Musa sp.) in West Malaysia. Material available for study included 24 females, 23 juveniles, and one male. Specimens were killed and fixed in hot F.A. (4:1, v/v) (9), processed to glycerine by the rapid method of Seinhorst (8), and mounted in anhydrous glycerine. The solitary male (Fig. I-A,B) had the following dimensions: L = 1.64 mm; a = 27; b = 3.9; c = 66; fixed ring of spear guide 130 #m from anterior end; odontostyle 140 #m; spear extension 74 #m; spicules (on arc) 65 #m; lateral guiding piece 20 #m; Body only slightly arcuate, apart from strong curvature of the caudal region. Rounded lip region slightly set off from body. Amphids only partly visible because specimen not perfectly lateral. Lateral chord nearly one-quarter of body width. Details of testes were completely obscured by dense body contents. An adanal pair and three ventromedian supplements were present, the latter spaced rather more


Wires composed of AgxO (1 < x < 2) with diameters ranging from 0.7 to 1.1 μm were prepared by electrochemical step edge decoration on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode surfaces. AgxO microwires were obtained by the oxidative electrodeposition of AgxO from a pH = 6 acetate-based plating solution. Step edge selectivity, coupled with the high nucleation density necessary for wire formation, required that the electrodeposition be carried out within a potential window of just 10 mV. The resulting microwires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AgxO microwires were transferred from the HOPG surface to a glass surface, and electrical contacts were applied to ensembles of between 5 and 100 transferred microwires. The resistance of these microwire ensembles increased reversibly by up to 5000% upon exposure to NH3 vapor, whereas an irreversible decrease in the wire resistance was seen upon exposure to...


Comprising a light source (1), a light source first integrator where light from (1) enters (11), and a second integrator that emitted light is incident (33) from the first integrator (11) ing. Thus, it is possible to optimally design the opening shape of the first integrator (11), it is possible to enhance the utilization efficiency of light. Furthermore, even with a shorter length of the first integrator (11), the shortage of the uniformity of light by the first integrator (11), supplemented by a second integrator (33), higher in the surface to be illuminated it is possible to secure uniformity.


During the second half of the last decade participation in the organization took many forms. These can be divided into three main types, participation in decision-making, participation in profits, and participation in ownership, various combinations of which can also be found. Each type was developed for different reasons and also to achieve different goals. This monograph presents the theoretical and practical changes that occurred in these participation schemes over the years in terms of structure, process and ideology. The participation schemes evolved out of two main streams of thought, the first of which will be named the 'political approach' and the second the 'motivational approach' (Bartolke et al ., 1985; Dachler & Wilpert, 1978; Palgi, 1984). The political approach sees participation in decision-making as a tool for enhancing workers' control in organizations and thus in society in general. From this point of view, participation's main goal is the redistribution of societal and organizational control in order to create more equality between workers, managers and owners. In many European countries and in the Kibbutz the institutionalization of participation is mainly an outcome of political processes. Schemes that can be related to this approach are self-management and cooperative, as well as co-determination. The motivational approach to participation in decision-making assumes that workers' participation will have a positive impact on the overall effectiveness of the organization. Thus, it will result in workers' growing identification with the organization and its goals and their increased motivation to contribute to it. Participation, according to this approach, may bring about better relationships in the organization and can open barred communication channels, thus improving overall performance. The equalization of power within the organization as a result of participation in decision-making is not a goal in itself but a necessary side effect, according to this approach. Schemes that can be related to it are one-on-one consultation, open door management, quality circles, TQM, etc. (Abrahamsson, 1993; Bartolke et al ., 1985; Dachler & Wilpert, 1978; Palgi, 1984).


In view of the large scale of the nonmarket home sector in both developed and developing economies, in this paper we construct an open economy model with home production. We discuss both long-run and short-run impacts of fiscal policies such as income tax, consumption tax and government spending on factor allocation, capital formation and the current account. The main purpose of the paper is to elucidate the role of home production in an open economy environment. We show that in our framework both fiscal policy and the rate of substitution between market and home goods may affect the dynamic behavior of the economy. As a result, introducing home production may alter the effects of fiscal shocks on key variables in the economy. We confirm this fact by examining various policy experiments both in the short run and long run.


In the Web2.0 environment,user participation has become the trend of the development of university library service.The influencing factors on user participation are mainly from two aspects:library user and information environment.Individual factors include individual psychology,information literacy and information motivation,information environment factors include library information website and user group.University library should make full use of the influence factors to guide the user to take part in the information service.


This paper describes some of the factors, interactions, and dynamics of evolving halon substitute approaches and options. The viewpoint is from my experiences at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) as a bench scientist, field test director, technical program manager, DoD Halon Alternatives Steering Group advisor, and US Government Representative and Technical Advisor to the United Nations Environment Program's Halons Technical Options Committee. I have been fortunate to be an interacting part of the halon replacement process at several different levels. The experiences and observations I describe are my own and do not represent official viewpoints or policies.


In practice, the choice of the type of neural network is carried out empirically based on an experience of an investigator and many training attempts. At the same time, the excessive complexity of the neural network leads to an increase in its training time, and in some cases, to the impossibility of learning at all. Thus, the justification of the choice of an artificial neural network structure and/or its preliminary calculation based on other models is an urgent task. An equally important task is the choice of an initial weighting coefficients of an neural network, the choice of which determines the speed of convergence of search algorithms. This paper demonstrates several approaches to solving the problem of choosing an architecture and initializing a weighting coefficients of a neural network. One of them is carried out on the basis of a previously calculated function using Petri nets. This approach is demonstrated for solving various tasks, which include the implementation of functions using previously defined neural network models of the simplest logical operations "and", "or", etc. An approach is given that allows optimizing an architecture of a neural network that solves the problem of approximating functions of one and several variables. The principle of determining an architecture and initial weight coefficients is also used in the tasks of training neural networks with reinforcement. A separate section is devoted to the formation of a methodology for determining an architecture and initialization of a weighting coefficients of a neural network of the controller based on information about the controller obtained by a modal method using a polynomial matrix decomposition of a system. The problem of synthesis of a neural network controller for an object model containing nonlinearities and nonparametric uncertainties in the control channel is solved.


Background and Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the relationship between strategies of emotion cognitive adjustment and psychological well-being with anxiety in mothers with cancer children. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of 86 individuals, who were selected using convenience sampling method; they responded to psychological well-being and anxiety questionnaires. Results: The research method was descriptive of a correlational type. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed through multivariate regression in SPSS software, after being marked. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between emotion cognitive adjustment strategies and anxiety and psychological well-being in mothers with cancer children. Conclusion: Results showed that emotion cognitive adjustment predicts about 27.1% of anxiety changes and about 26.8% of psychological well-being changes in mothers with cancer children.


This study aims to explore the sustainable development of the regional economy from the perspective of human capital. Based on the panel data from 2005 to 2019 in Shandong Province, China, this study first analyzes the interactive coupling mechanism between human capital and sustainable economic growth, and then constructs the evaluation model of coupling coordination degree. Results reveal that Shandong Province's human capital and sustainable economic growth gradually increased; the coupling coordination degree of human capital and sustainable economic growth changed from a state of mild imbalance to slight coordination; sustainable economic growth lagged human capital development; education scale, innovation capacity, growth level, economic openness, and investment and consumption level are the key factors affecting sustainable economic development. Through the above research, the study puts forward policy suggestions conducive to sustainable development in China.


The pressure gain across a rotating detonation combustor offers an efficiency rise and potential architecture simplification of compact gas turbine engines. However, the combustor walls of the rotating detonation combustor are periodically swept by both detonation and oblique shock waves at several kilohertz, disrupting the boundary layer, resulting in a rather complex convective heat transfer between the fluid and the solid walls. A computationally fast procedure is presented to calculate this extraordinary convective heat flux along the detonation combustor. First, a numerical model combining a two-dimensional method of characteristics approach with a monodimensional reaction model is used to compute the combustor flow field. Then, an integral boundary layer routine is used to predict the main boundary layer parameters. Finally, an empirical correlation is adopted to predict the convective heat-transfer coefficient to obtain the bulk and local heat flux. The procedure has been applied to a combustor operating with premixed hydrogen–air fuel. The results of this approach compare well with high-fidelity unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes three-dimensional simulations, which included wall refinement in an unrolled combustor. The model demonstrates that total pressure has an important influence on heat flux within the combustor and is less dependent on the inlet total temperature. For an inlet total pressure of 0.5 MPa and an inlet total temperature of 300 K, a peak time-averaged heat flux of 6 MW/m2 was identified at the location of the triple point, followed by a decrease downstream of the oblique shock, to about 4 MW/m2. Maximum discrepancy between the reduced-order model and the high-fidelity solver was 16%, but the present reduced-order model required a computational time of only 200 s, that is, about 7000 times faster than the high-fidelity three-dimensional unsteady solver. Therefore, the present tool can be used to optimize the combustor cooling system.


In this paper, an attempt is made to lay out the special needs of design databases, as compared to the facilities provided in conventional database systems now commercially available. The paper starts from a point of commonality and focusses on the limitations and shortcomings commonly found in current database systems. It is impossible and unwise to make universal statements about DBMS capabilities. Instead, the goal is to identify those special features that, by their capability, provide distinctions beyond the general notions of speed and ratio of logical size to physical size.


A real-time technique to de-embed broadband S-parameter measurements of MIC/MMIC devices at temperatures down to 13 K is presented. Exceptional accuracy is obtained by using a split-block test fixture and the TRL calibration technique at cryogenic temperatures for the first time. The repeatability of the technique and the measurement of a transmission line at 297 K and 77 K are demonstrated from 0.1 GHz to 20 GHz.


The present invention relates to a powder which comprises, in addition to a polymer to an absorber, the use of this powder for layerwise production of moldings by means of a laser having a wavelength between 100 and 3000 nm, and moldings with this method, prepared from this powder. The mold body assembled with the inventive powder by the present process show opposite produced by conventional laser sintering process moldings with respect to their production costs and their Herstellaufwandes distinct advantages. In particular, the laser beam can be best coupled with the wavelength between 100 and 3000 nm in optical waveguides, which may also be flexible. This makes it possible to dispense with complex mirror systems. So that a new Endanwenderkreis can be tapped.


This item includes a segment of an an instructor interview in a Writing Intensive course in Management at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. The interview was conducted in 2013 and in this clip the interviewee is describing the class demographics.


The life of the nomads of the Sahel traditionally followed the vegetation cycle. The constant risks irregularity and insecurity characterizing the herdsmens existence created strong bonds linking families and tribes and women played an important socioeconomic role. The colonial powers and later the independent states (except Mauritania) broke the pattern of pastoral hegemony placing nomadic herdsmen under their control and dissolving tribal federations. Few nomads send their children to schools because they disregard the Islamic and nomadic cultures resulting in an underrepresentation of pastoral peoples among administrative technical and political staffs. Nomads and seminomads probably account for 1.5-2 million of the 26 million population of the Sahel with the greatest population increases in the area (3.5%/year) occurring among the settled farmers. In the droughts of the late 1960s about 100000 people most of them nomads and seasonal herdsmen died of famine. The survival of North Sahel herdsmen depends on the type of development offered them. Returning to the nomads management of their own pastures and the opportunity to involve themselves in the process of change is the only approach that will ensure their survival.


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Background  Estimation of skin diseases in the community is challenging because we do not easily have access to the nonhealthcare‐seeking population. A potential tool is a questionnaire asking for self‐reported skin complaints. Such an instrument has not yet been developed.


Cite this article as : Şencan Z, Cömert E, Bayar Muluk N, Koçak FM, Tekin Y. Does face mask affects sleep quality in patients with nasal septal deviation: evaluated by mini sleep questionnarie. J Health Sci Med 2022; 5(2): 646-651. ABSTRACT Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of face mask usage on the sleep quality of patients with nasal septal deviation. Material and Method: Thirty-four patients with unilateral nasal septum deviation (Group 1) and 27 healthy subjects without septum deviation (Group 2, control) were included in the study. Mask usage time per day (hours) in the last week, weight, length and BMI values, smoking, and alcohol habits were asked. In both groups, the sleep quality of the patients was evaluated by Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Sleep delay (SD), sleep awakenings (SA), sleep medications (SM), daytime sleep (DS), morning fatigue (MF), habitual snoring (HS), morning awakening (MA), morning headache (MH), chronic fatigue (CF), and restless sleep (RS); and total MSQ items were evaluated. Results : All subjects used surgical masks. In the nasal septal deviation group, the right-sided deviation was detected in 15 (44.1%) patients and left-sided deviation was detected in 19 (55.9%) patients. Deviation located was anterior deviation in 12 (35.3%) patients, posterior deviation in 13 (38.2%) patients and antero-posterior deviation in 9 (26.5%) patients. Sleep Medications (SM) and Morning Headache (MH) values of the deviation group (Group 1) were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). There was no difference between other MSQ items and total MSQ score of the septal deviation and control groups (p>0.05). In older patients with septal deviation, Sleep Awakenings (SA), Habitual Snoring (HS), Morning Awakening (MA), and Total MSQ scores increased (p<0.05) Conclusion : Facial mask usage did not cause sleep disorders in patients with nasal septal deviation. However, aging may cause disturbed sleep quality.


n a sketch metaphorically outlining the topology of recent South African writing, the work of J. M. Coetzee might appropriately be placed somewhere in the middle of a topographical map-in the heart of the country, as it were. Coetzee's writing situates itself between: on the one hand, the less novelistic and often "nonfictional" literary tradition long associated with black writing-poetry, autobiography, journalism, theater, and "protest" forms of short fiction-and, on the other hand, the narrative legacy of liberal realism in white writing inherited from Olive Schreiner and passed down through Alan Paton, Phyllis Altman, Harry Bloom, Dan Jacobson, early Nadine Gordimer, and a number of more recent novelists working in English or in Afrikaans.


Objective To explore the impact of the effect of montelukast on cough variant asthma,airway hyperresponsiveness.Methods April 2009 to May 2010 were 57 cases of patients with cough variant asthma,30 cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group of 27 cases.Both groups to be anti-inflammatory,expectorant,oxygen and other conventional therapy,the treatment group were treated with montelukast chewable tablets,half of the total course of treatment,and determination of airway hyperresponsiveness in two groups of patients before and after treatment.Results The treatment of bronchial provocation test was positive for 15 cases;control group,bronchial provocation test was positive for 26 cases;treatment group PC 35 sGaw concentration gradually increased with the extension of treatment time,compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05),controlgroup after treatment PC 35 sGaw concentration before treatment was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Montelukast can reduce cough variant asthma,airway hyperresponsiveness,and easy to use,and worthy of promotion.


The instability of solar energy and its resource distribution characteristics make it difficult to judge its suitability in practical engineering applications, which hinders its promotion and application. In order to better promote the effective use of solar energy and promote the solar heating system, it is necessary to put forward a simple method of judging the suitability of the solar heating system for engineering application. This study puts forward "F, Q" as the basis for judging the suitability of solar heating systems built on the roof. Two types of public buildings, office buildings and three-star hotels, are taken as the research objects. DeST software is used to change the heating area of the building by superimposing floors to simulate the heat load of the building when the heating area changes. A dynamic simulation coupling model of solar heating system is established in the TRNSYS software to analyze the operating status of the system under all working conditions. The functional relationship between "F, Q" and solar energy guarantee rate is established, and the solar energy contribution rate is divided into three regions of F < 30%, 30% ≤ F ≤ 50%, and F > 50%. The evaluation standard of the building suitability of the solar energy heating system is established according to the scope of "F, Q" in different regions (An office building for, e.g., if the contribution rate of solar heating system is required to be greater than 50%, the "F" of these four areas should be greater than 0.11388, 0.15543, 0.10572, and 0.04511.), and the effectiveness of "F" is verified through actual cases verified by other scholars in the research. The method proposed in this paper is helpful to judge the suitability of solar heating systems in different regions and different types of conventional buildings, so as to better promote solar heating systems.


Special steel bars undergo secondary and tertiary work at users' plants and are converted into automotive critical safety parts, and as such, strict inspection and finishing are applied to them, piece by piece, after rolling before shipment. In view of the tough competition in the international market, however, , productivity improvement is urgently required. Against this background, Yawata Works of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation modernized the product inspection and finishing facilities of the Bar Mill Plant to increase the processing speed and enhance the product quality assurance ability. In addition, a multistory automatic product warehouse was built to minimize product damage due to omissible handling. The technologies introduced at the revamp include those commercially applied as the first case in the world; they proved effective at markedly improving the speed and accuracy of


Aqueous solutions of globular proteins (β-lactoglobulin) at pH 7 and 0.1 M NaCl were heated in the presence of various concentrations of polysaccharide (κ-carrageenan). The fraction of unaggregated proteins was determined as a function of heating time with size exclusion chromatography. The rate at which the proteins aggregate is independent of the polysaccharide concentration at least up to 9 g/L κ-carrageenan. The protein aggregates were characterized using light scattering. At modest concentrations (up to 1 g/L) the presence of κ-carrageenan accelerates the growth of the aggregates and therefore the gel formation, but the structure of the aggregates is not modified. At higher concentrations κ-carrageenan induces phase separation of protein aggregates.


The article describes the results of the analysis of indicators of polarization of incomes of the population of the North-West Federal District (Northwestern Federal District) for a five-year period from 2009 to 2013. As a methodological basis of the study there was used an algorithm for calculating and analyzing integral characteristics of population income polarization, developed by I.B. Kolmakov. Estimation of polarization indexes is based on recovery of function parameters of lognormal distribution by the reported data on the distribution of the population of North-West regions by per capita income, published annually by the Federal State Statistics Service. The study describes stages and results of restoration of function parameters. As a margin of polarization is used the mean of average income in distribution. In each region of North-West regions there is calculated percentage of the population with incomes below the average, the proportion of people with incomes above the average, population polarizer, incomes polarizer, income polarization index, criterion of income polarization.


The structure,property and machinability of materials of sedan-car engine block was tested and studied.The results showed that the trace elements had harmful influence on the machinability of the block.Titanium was the most harmful element to the machinability.Stream inoculation could ensure the quality of block material consistently reaching requirements of specifications;the process measure including narrowing pouring temperature range,increasing sulphur content et al.ensured stability of inoculation effect and casting quality;adding copper and tin could effectively increase casting hardness.