This qualitative multiple case study research design examined the ways in which multiracial emergent adult college students engaged in identity work in and out of formal educational contexts. Through case studies of nine students at three higher education institutions (an open-admissions community college, a Historically Black University, and a four-year, public Predominantly White Institution with more selective entrance requirements), I sought to understand how participants used composing practices to express, negotiate, establish, explore and/or refute racial and other identities, thus adding to the literature on multiracial college students' experiences in a variety of campus contexts. The focus on composing practices in formal educational contexts revealed some of the ways that educators and academic assignments assisted and encouraged as well as hindered and suppressed these students in engaging in racial (and other) identity work through writing; the examination of composing done outside of such contexts explored similarities and differences in the ways that participants engaged their racial identities as they wrote for different purposes and audiences. Data sources included semi-structured interviews, samples of writing and other compositions self-selected by participants, and reflective journals that offered both records of one week's worth of participants' composing practices and their written responses to questions designed to allow them to consider how their compositions allowed or denied them opportunities to engage in identity work. Findings suggested that participants engaged in racial identity work selectively and overtly through composing practices, at times transcending singular or even multiple racial identities. EXPRESSIONS OF IDENTITY ix


The NOTION trial compares transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients. Looking carefully at the outcomes of this trial, there is no doubt that the transcatheter aortic valve implantation results were outstanding. The same thing cannot be said for the results of the surgery. We tried to understand the reason for that.


Abstract The present study investigates the behaviour of propagating cracks in engineering materials containing different material irregularities like bi-material interfaces and holes by employing enriched numerical techniques. Three enriched techniques like the extended finite element method, the element free Galerkin method and the Coupled finite element-element free Galerkin method have been used for analysis. The enriched techniques provide strong numerical tools for modelling different discontinuities independent of the mesh or the grid due to which the problems of conformal meshing, mesh adaption and remeshing do not occur. The level set method has been used to represent different types of discontinuities present in the domain. Several numerical problems, involving fatigue crack growth in presence of bi-material interfaces and holes, are solved to illustrate the applicability, efficiency and accuracy of the three enriched techniques in modelling such problems.


The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is used in a variety of engineering and scientific applications for enabling multi-physics simulations. Unfortunately, the ALE method can suffer from simulation failures that require users to adjust parameters iteratively in order to complete a simulation. In this paper, we present a supervised learning framework for predicting conditions leading to simulation failures. To our knowledge, this is the first time machine learning has been applied to ALE simulations. We propose a novel learning representation for mapping the ALE domain onto a supervised learning formulation. We analyze the predictability of these failures and evaluate our framework using well-known test problems.


ABSTRACT Organized crime is a financial crime because its objective is profit or other material gain. The provision of illicit goods and services dominates organized crime profit making. Sometimes an organized crime offense is directed at power or intimidation (in cases such as racketeering or extortion), but these actions are designed to ensure the survival and profitability of an ongoing criminal enterprise. Therefore, organized crime has important similarities to the white-collar forms of financial crimes. What has been lacking in organized crime research is a comparison of actual cases of organized crime (i.e., prosecutions and convictions) to determine the extent to which organized crime prosecutions correspond to the specific offenses being researched on organized crime. An entire calendar year of organized crime prosecutions and published research articles are examined to evaluate their similarities and differences. In addition, aspects of organized crime prosecutions reveal important similarities and differences from other forms of financial crime.


The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a coated component. First, a carrier component is introduced into a mold and subsequently formed a flooding gap between the support member and at least a portion of the mold. Then, in the flooding gap a vacuum is generated and fills the flooding material in the flooding gap. In order to avoid irregularities during the filling operation, it is proposed to control or the negative pressure according to a predetermined pressure profile to regulate.


Two phenomena due to hot carriers in CMOS are investigated. One is latchup induced by high drain voltage. The results show that the triggering drain voltage decreases with decreasing channel length. The other is detrapping of trapped carriers during a relax cycle subsequent to DC voltage stressing. The results show that the degradation and recovery kinetics follow similar power laws and correspond to carrier trapping and detrapping, respectively.<<ETX>>


The rapid development of the automotive industry provides a great opportunity for the development of the forging industry. The multistage precision hot die forging is widely used across the world. In order to improve production efficiency, reduce labour costs, and realise the production automation, a multistage hot die forging press feed manipulator is designed in this paper. The mechanical structure is designed firstly. Then the multi-motor synchronisation control problem is also studied. Based on the adjacent cross-coupling control structure, the BP neural network-PID control algorithm is proposed. Simulation and experiment results show that the BP-PID controller has high control accuracy, a fast convergence speed, and can achieve multi-motor synchronous control effectively. The manipulator designed in this paper has a high practical application value.


and(iii) describe theserotype distribution ofA.actinomycetemcomitans andantibodies tothemicroorganism ininfected patients withvarious clinical classifications. To compare thelevels ofvarious isotype-specific antibodies tothedifferent antigens, studies were performed that allowed quantitation ofeachisotype-specific antibody ina humanreference standard. Byusing this reference standard, itwas shownthatthelevels ofimmunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM,andIgAresponsestoA. actinomycetemcomitans weresimilar among theinfected patients, irrespective ofdisease classification. Also, we demonstrated that theserum antibody responsetoserotype bwas quantitatively greater inallisotypes. Our findings indicate that bwas themostfrequent A.actinomycetemcomitans serotype detected inthepatients and appearstobecapable ofinitiating asubstantial serumIgGantibody responsethat may contain cross-reactive antibodies toother serotypes ofA.actinomycetemcomitans. Generally, incasesinwhichtheresponsetoasingle serotype was elevated, onlythat typeofA.actinomycetemcomitans was detected intheplaque. Individuals exhibiting elevated antibodies tomultiple serotypes were mostconsistently colonized bytheserotype b microorganism. Thisstudy represents thefirst report detailing thedistribution ofIgGsubclass antibodies toA. actinomycetemcomitans inperiodontal disease. Theresults demonstrated thattheprimary responsesofpatients withperiodontitis toA.actinomycetemcomitans were oftheIgGlandIgG3subclasses, whichisconsistent with elicited responsestoprotein antigens. Incontrast, theprimary subclass responseinnormal subjects was limited totheIgG2subclass andmay represent broader cross-reactivity topolysaccharide antigens-lipopolysaccharide fromthebacteria. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isamicroorganismthat isthemostlikely candidate asanetiologic agent in periodontal disease. Numerous microbiologic studies have identified correlations ofA.actinomycetemcomitans with


In this paper, we compare B diffusion in epitaxial Si, Si with 0.1%C, SiGe with 11% Ge and SiGe:C with 11%Ge and 0.1%C at 1000°C under interstitial, vacancy and non-injection annealing conditions. Diffusion coefficients of B in each material were extracted by computer simulation, using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiles obtained from samples before and after annealing. Interstitial injection enhances B diffusion considerably in all materials compared to inert annealing. In samples which experienced vacancy injection, B diffusion was suppressed. The results are consistent with the view that B diffusion in these materials occurs primarily via interstitialcy type defects.


We study drag reduction of a uniform flow over a flat surface due to a series of rectangular microgrooves created on the surface. The results reveal that making grooves on the surface usually leads to the generation of secondary vortices inside the grooves that, in turn, decreases the friction drag force and increases the pressure drag force. By increasing the thickness of the grooves to the thickness of the obstacle, the pressure drag increases due to the enhancement of the generated vortices and the occurrence of separation phenomenon and the friction drag reduces due to a decrease of the velocity gradient on the surface. In addition, by increasing the grooves depth ratio, the pressure drag coefficient decreases and the friction drag coefficient increases. However, the impact of the pressure drag coefficient is higher than that of the friction drag coefficient. From a specific point, increasing the groove depth ratio does not effect on decreasing the total pressure drag of the plate. Therefore, creating the grooves in flat surfaces would reduce the total drag coefficient of the plate if the thickness of the grooves does not exceed a specific size and the depth of the grooves is chosen to be sufficiently large. The lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) is used and the optimal reduction of the drag coefficient is calculated. It is found that for the width ratio equal to 0.19 and the groove depth ratio equal to 0.2548, about 7% decrease is achieved for the average total drag.


This paper discusses the emergence of a specific decorative technique, developed by scribes producing legal textbooks in late twelfth-century Bologna. The migration of this marginal, penwork technique is traced from Bologna to Paris and Oxford, and identified in surviving manuscripts known to have been in the possession of Reading Abbey in the thirteenth-century.


AIM: Based on probability theory,two concrete methods for absorption kinetics were proposed in one-compartmental model.METHODS: After an extravascular administration of drug,total resident time(Th) was regarded as sum of the resident time in site of administration(Tf) and the resident time in body(Tg).Not only are Tf and Tg independent each other,Tf,Tg and Th are nonnegative,continuous random variables also.According to convolution formula and characterization of one-compartmental model(exponential distribution),methods of probability theory for calculating the absorption rate of drug were obtained.These methods were composed of probability method(A approach) and numerical deconvolution method(B approach).RESULTS:The essential conditions of method of probability theory were in accordance with that of Wagner-Nelson(W-N) formula.The accuracy of A approach was identical with that of W-N formula.As long as the accurate value of first-order elimination rate constant(K) can be estimated,the accuracy of B approach was inferior to that of W-N formula.In case K value with relative error(±10%) was calculated,the accuracy of B approach was slightly superior to that of W-N formula.CONCLUSION: Method of probability theory can be suggested to estimate the percentage of drug absorbed and the concerned probability.


Several types of resocinols have been monobrominated in the ring in good yields with sodium bromide in the presence of 18-crown-6 on oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Monoiodination takes place with 2'-(1-methylcyclohexen-3-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl )-resocinol when sodium iodide is employed. This new reagent system, MX/18-crown-6/m-CPBA (M = ), effects the regiospecific halogenation of activated aromatic ring over olefinic double bond.


Nanosized LiFePO_4/C composite cathode materials have been synthesized via solvothermal method,using sucrose as carbon source and glycol as solvent.The phase,morphology,structure,composition and performance of LiFePO_4/C powders were characterized.The results show that LiFePO_4/C composite has uniform nanorod morphology with the diameter of about 100 nm,well-crystallinity and monodispersion.Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests showed that the size-reducation and carbon-coating of LiFePO_4/C nanograins are in favor of optimizing the electrochemical performance of LiFePO_4 positive materials.The first charge and discharge specific capacities of 166 mAh·g~(-1) and 164 mAh·g~(-1) were obtained at 0.1C,while the voltage platforms were 3.45 V and 3.40 V,respectively.The nanosized LiFePO_4/C composite cathode materials retained high stability after 20 cycles at 5 C,with the specific capacity retention up to 95.4%.


In the early 1980s, interest rate ceilings and other regulations affecting financial assets were lifted in Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The paper finds that liberalization of interest rates significantly increased the real return on financial assets in Thailand and Indonesia, because all interest and credit constraints were removed. Similar reforms failed in the Philippines, where taxes on the financial sector interacted with high rates of inflation. The paper is organized as follows. Each of the first three sections in devoted to one of the countries with a specific emphasis on the main policy issues. The last section turns to a more general analysis of the intratemporal efficiency costs of the taxation of financial assets which draws on the empirical evidence of the previous sections.


Twenty species of Thai plants in Mimosaceae family were exhausively extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethanol respectively. The plant extracts were studied for their α-glucosidase inhibition activity by spectrophotometry using 1-deoxynojirimycin as a positive control. The result showed that most percentage yields of the plants were in ethanol extract. Entada rheedii seed coat, Archidendron jiringa seed coat, Albizia lebbeck branch bark, Parkia speciosa pericarp and Albizia lebbeckoides bark exhibited very high inhibition with IC50 of 0.0043, 0.0054, 0.0397, 0.0581 and 0.0702 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the stem, leaves, branch and bark of Xylia xylocarpa also displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The most fractions that showed the promising activity are 95 % ethanolic extracts. It is of interest that these species should be further studied for the treatment diabetes mellitus (type II) as the glucosidase inhibitor and the lowering of blood glucose level.


Two Languages, Two Cultures, One Mind: A Study into Developmental Changes in the Students' View of Language As a Tool in Cross-Cultural Communication In this paper I report on the preliminary results of a longitudinal one-year study of students' progression from a low level of language awareness manifested in their superficial/intuitive use of language/languages to a higher level of language self-awareness manifested in their more controlled use of language. The data gathered for this study include four sources: a language awareness questionnaire, think aloud protocols, error analysis and post error analysis in-class discussions. The results of this study are intended to be further explored in a larger research project.


In the field of bio-medical, the brain interface is to create and adapt methods of human-computer interaction. This is BCI. A variety of application domains to compare and validate BCI interaction, including communication, environmental control, neural prosthetics and creative expression. EEG signals acts as a communication between men and machines. The BCI-based control system for robots using the EEG has been suggested for mobile robots and humanoids, and some other machines to control. In this project we do, the control interface to translate human intentions into appropriate motion commands for robotic systems. The experimental procedures consist of extraction of EEG signals, optimizing the exact signal, wireless transmission and machine control.


T H E close relations between England and the continent i n Athelstan's reign (924-39) have often been pointed out. The i r bearing on the history o f the English Benedictine revival o f the tenth century has not been ignored by historians, and i t has been long recognized that the continental monastic reforms must have been not only a matter o f c o m m o n knowledge i n the England o f Dunstan's youth but also a source o f general encouragement to those w h o were work ing for re form at home. O n the other hand, direct and effective contact w i th the overseas movements is, I believe, generally considered to have begun w i t h the accession o f Edgar (959-75) or, at the earliest, t w o or three years after the foundat ion o f Ab ingdon (954). M r Er ic John, however, in an interesting article i n the Revue Bénédictine, writes as fol lows: '. . . the insular character o f the re form movement has been much exaggerated. I t is possible to th ink that the English re form was continental i n inspiration and execution f r o m the beginn ing ' . 2 This , as I understand i t , suggests that the monasticism o f Ae l fheah the Ba ld , bishop o f Winchester (934-51) and o f his protégé, Dunstan , was derived ult imately f r o m a b r o a d ; that the re form o f Glastonbury, even in its early stages, was directly inspired by continental ideas


PURPOSE: To approach uniformity, etc., of luminance which an ideal DMD posseses. CONSTITUTION: In an improved hidden hinge digital micro-mirror device and its manufacturing method, the device has a hinge 424 which is attached to a yoke 428 and the yoke 428 limits the rotation of a mirror 430 of the device. In an embodiment, the mirror 430 is supported by a central supporting pole 416, which is attached to two twist hinges 424 by the ground hinge yoke 428. Both ends of the hinge 424 are attached to two supporting poles 426, and the poles 426 keep the hinge 424 over a base plate 400 and also enable the hinge 424 to twist in a twisting form. Although the device is manufactured by using two sacrificial spacer layers 404 and 414, the spacer layers 404 and 414 are removed, so that the mirror 430 can rotate.


In this paper, a series of compact and miniaturized UWB‐printed antennas with a controllable notch function are proposed. The CPW structure is adopted to feed the proposed antenna, where the overall dimension is as compact as 15 mm × 15 mm × 0.5 mm. From 2.8GHz to 12GHz, the antennas proposed have a superior performance with approximate 2:1 VSWR, except the rejection frequency band. In addition, the main feature of the proposed antennas are their controllable notch frequency, notch amplitude, and notch orders, which are determined by the size of the circular U‐shaped slit, the position of the connecting line, and the number of slits, respectively. Moreover, the measured results are in reasonably good with the simulated results.


--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------An ethnomedicinal survey was conducted among the tribal community residing in Sovva panchayat, Dumbriguda Mandalam, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. Although the tribe is fast losing their traditional customs, their traditional medicinal practitioners still exist although the traditional medicinal wisdom of the Sovva tribes has not been previously documented. In the present ethnomedicinal survey, it was observed that sovva tribal traditional medicinal practitioners use medicinal plant parts for treatment of ailments. A total of 124 plants were used by the tribal healers in their medicinal formulations. These plant species were distributed into 43 families. Of the 124 plants the ailments treated with medicinal plants by the tribal healers were quite limited. A review of the available scientific literature suggests that many of the medicinal plants used by the tribals can be validated scientifically in their traditional uses based on reported pharmacological activities present in those plants. It would be of interest to examine the plants parts used by the tribal healers in a scientific manner towards discovery of useful drugs.


This article describes a low temperature/pressure unitary heating equipment which significantly improves building environmental conditions. In 1988, the State of Georgia Department of Human Resources considered closing Brook Run, then named the Georgia Retardation Center. Closing the 101-acre (41-hectare) mental health campus and relocating 377 permanent residents and 925 staff were being considered because of trauma caused by repeated failures of the campus' heating system. The 22-year-old central high temperature water (HTW) campus underground piping system that served HVAC and domestic hot water loads had been leaking 40 gallons per minute (21 million gallons per year) of water at 350F (177C) and 290 psig (1999 kPa). The campus heating system was no longer serviceable. The cost for repairing routine leaks had averaged $100,000 per year. In addition, over $5,000,000 in capital expenditures had been previously spent for system restoration. The facility had been cited for failure to meet federal and state temperature guidelines as a result of repeated wintertime catastrophic heating system failures. Discouraged residents' parents wrote personal checks payable to then-Governor Joe Frank Harris for Heat at Georgia Retardation Center. Ten buildings totaling 191,000 ft[sup 2] (17 744m[sup 2]) were included in the retrofit project. These included five permanent more » resident cottages, two workshop buildings, a theater, the administration building and the maintenance shop. « less


AH109A tumor cell agglutinations caused by Rana catesbeiana agglutinin and Rana japonica agglutinin were inhibited by urinary glycoproteins and glycopeptides from cancer-bearing and normal rats. Fractions of a series of substances (molecular weight above 10000) from cancer-bearing rat urine (10T) and from normal rat urine (N10T) inhibited cytoagglutination caused by Rana catesbeiana agglutinin and by Rana japonica agglutinin, while other fractions (ranging in molecular weight from 1000 to 10000) from cancer-bearing rat urine (01T), and from normal rat urine (N01T) only inhibited that caused by Rana catesbeiana agglutinin. It is probable that these two agglutinins recognize different AH109A cell surface sialoglycoconjugates. Since the content of sialic acid of each fraction is independent of its inhibitory capacity, these agglutinins seem to recognize a certain sialoglycoconjugate, regardless of the content of sialosyl residues.


The typical voltage comparator circuits are considered. Shown that the use of series- parallel connection of cascades improves the accuracy, speed and hardness to single event transient effects.


Measurement of grip and pinch strength is an important component in hand evaluation. It assesses the patient's initial limitations and provides a quick reassessment of patient's progress throughout the treatment. This investigation was conducted to examine the effects of hand dominance, body mass index (EM!) and age on grip strength (GS) and pinch strength (PS) tasks. Subjects were 365 apparently healthy young male adults (19-33 years). No correlation was found between the EMI hand strength measures. Grip and pinch strength were measured instrumentally. The rule "dominant hand (DH) is approximately 10% stronger than the nondominant hand (NDH)" was found to be valid for left handed persons only (11.2%), otherwise these measures should be considered equivalent in both hands in clinical practice.


* Foreword * Preface * Switching Costs as a Moderator of Service Satisfaction Processes in Thailand * Perceptions of Factors Driving Success for Multinational Professional Services Firms in Korea * Reference Group Influence and Perceived Risk in Services Among Working Women in Singapore: A Replication and Extension * Emotional Influences of Environmental Cues on Chinese Consumers in a Leisure Service Setting * Consumer Processing of International Advertising: The Roles of Country of Origin and Consumer Ethnocentrism * Index * Reference Notes Included


even approximately?known, has undoubtedly been very great. The behaviour of the epidemic in different parts of the country and during the varying seasons of these two years has offered many points of interest to the observer; and it will be the object of the present paper to place before the members of the Epidemiological Society the facts of this two years' prevalence of cholera, so far as they have been made known to the authorities in Constantinople. A brief preliminary word may be said as to the extent of the Turkish dominions in Asia. They include Asia Minor, Turkish Armenia or Kurdistan, Syria, Mesopotamia, and a great part of the Arabian peninsula. With the exception of Asia Minor, all these regions have been visited by cholera during some portion of the two j^ears in question, and each will be dealt with in detail in the course of this


Section 1: Beauty, Gender and Death 1. Redeeming the Present: The Therapy of Philosophy 2. Symptoms of a Deathly Symbolic 3. Denaturalizing Death 4. Towards a Poetics of Natality Section 2: Out of the Cave Introduction 5. The Rage of Achilles 6. Odysseus on the Barren Sea 7. The Murderous Misery of War 8. Whose Tragedy? 9. Parmenides Meets the Goddess 10. How to Give Birth Like a Man 11. The Open Sea of Beauty 12. The Fault Lines of Flourishing Section 3: Eternal Rome? Introduction 13. Anxiety about Nothing(ness): Lucretius and the Fear of Death 14. 'If We Wish to be Men': Roman Constructions of Gender 15. Valour and Gender in the Pax Augusta 16. Dissent in Rome 17. Stoical Death: Seneca's Conscience 18. Spectacles of Death 19. Violence to Eternity: Plotinus and the Mystical Way Bibliography


OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate an anatomic basis for endoscopic medial maxillectomy with excision of the lateral nasal wall to the nasal floor, including the inferior turbinate, and nasolacrimal duct. Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy involves complete resection of the lateral nasal wall with boundaries that are inferior to the nasal floor; superior to the cribriform plate and fovea ethmoidalis; anterior to the anterior maxillary wall, including the nasolacrimal duct; and posterior to within 5 mm of the eustachian tube. Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy provides exposure for endoscopic resection of the orbital wall, pterygopalatine fossa, pterygoid plates, nasopharynx, and anterior skull base when indicated.

DESIGN
Volumetric analysis of the maxillary sinus was performed on axial and coronal computed tomographic scans of 19 adult patients for a total of 38 maxillary sinuses.

SETTING
Tertiary care medical center.

PATIENTS
Nineteen adult patients with tumors of the head (but outside the sinonasal region).

INTERVENTIONS
Radiographic analysis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The total volume of the maxillary sinus, volume above and below the superior attachment of the inferior turbinate, and volume anterior to the nasolacrimal duct were measured.

RESULTS
The mean (SD) total volume of the maxillary sinus was 20.1 (4.2) cm(3), whereas its volume inferior to the superior attachment of the inferior turbinate was 12.9 (3.7) cm(3) and anterior to the nasolacrimal duct was 1.1 (0.6) cm(3). The mean (SD) volume of the maxillary sinus inferior to the superior attachment of the inferior turbinate was 64% (12%), whereas the nasolacrimal duct obscured the transnasal anterior exposure of the maxillary sinus.

CONCLUSION
Without excision of the lateral nasal wall inferiorly to the nasal floor and anteriorly, including the nasolacrimal duct, over half of the maxillary sinus would be inaccessible for procedures directed at neoplasms within the maxillary sinus.


[Objective]The fermentation conditions for production of recombinant β-xylosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila expressed in E.coli were optimized and pro-duced in a 5 L fermentor.[Methods]Single factor experiments were used to investigate the effect of different inducers and their concentrations,initial cell density,cultivation temperature and time on the expression of recombinant β-xylosidase.[Results]The results showed that the β-xylosidase could be induced by IPTG and lactose,lactose was better than that of IPTG.Under the optimal conditions by adding 2% lactose at a initiated OD600 of 0.8?0.9 and incubation for 48 h at 33°C,the ratio of extracellular enzyme reached over 99% and enzyme activity was 103.9 U/mL.Further optimization of the culture conditions were performed in 5 L fermentor,the highest β-xylosidase activity of 392.5 U/mL and extracellular protein concentration of 10.1 g/L were obtained after 48 h.[Conclusion]The recombinant β-xylosidase with high level production will be useful in various industrial applications.


The article is devoted to the problems of the motor transport processes planning using a building industry as an example. The new approach to the transport-accumulated processes planning is considered, classification of tasks, models and methods of optimization with a numeral example are offered. The model of the interval transportation graphs, which contains maximal time reserves with the purpose of providing organizational flexibility and external interruptions insensitivity is assumed as a basis


The ultimate objective of financial reporting is to provide transparent financial statements and disclosures that meet the informational needs of investors and other users of financial statements. One of the primary goals of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (USHR 2002) is to provide more reliable financial reporting, thereby restoring public confidence in the U.S. markets. But what do restatements say about financial statements filed by public registrants and audit reports issued by their external auditors? Restatements provide prima facie evidence of inaccurate and/or incomplete financial reporting and audit failures. This paper contributes to the existing restatements literature. Using data collected from Audit Analytics™, restatements are analyzed over a ten-year period (2000-2009) based on market capitalization, audit firms, and accounting and reporting issues. To provide a broader context, restatements are juxtaposed against total audit opinions issued during the period under review. The results show that after six years on the rise (2001-2006), the number of financial restatements filed in 2009 fell for the third consecutive year (2007-2009). However, the analysis also unearths some important issues that bear concern. For example, local and regional firms are associated with 58.1 percent of all restatements filed by non-accelerated registrants during the ten-year period. These firms are associated with over half of all non-accelerated restatements filed during five of the ten years (2005-2009). Local and regional firms are associated with a disproportionate percentage of restatements filed by accelerated registrants when compared to total audit opinions issued by these firms. These firms have significantly higher ratios of total restatements to total audit opinions than Big-4 firms or national firms. The number of annual audit opinions issued by Big-4 firms to non-accelerated registrants has declined each year during the ten-year period. The lion's share of these non-accelerated audits have been assumed by local and regional firms. These data support the assertion that non Big-4 firms have absorbed relatively small, marginal audit clients shed by Big-4 firms (Rama and Read 2006), and thus, a new wave of restatements may be on the horizon.


Although a general quadric surface is uniquely defined on nine linearly independent given points, special and possibly degenerate quadrics can be generated on fewer if certain constraints, implied or explicit, apply. E.g., coefficients of the implicit equation of a unique sphere may be generated with four given points and five constraint equations. The sphere is special but not degenerate. This article addresses a specific degenerate case, an arbitrary disposition of five given points so as to unambiguously define up to six cylinders of revolution upon them. An approach based on geometric constraints concerning the distance between any two points on the surface yields a sestic univariate in one of the cylinder axis direction numbers. Three linear variables are eliminated from the five initially formulated second order constraints. A cubic and quadratic intermediate pair of equations is produced. These contain the three homogeneous axial direction numbers. Projection of the given points onto any normal plane reveals that the five projected images lie on a circle.


Thank you for downloading inelastic behaviour of structures under variable loads. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this inelastic behaviour of structures under variable loads, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


We consider workflows that process very large incoming data feeds (e.g. web crawls or sky surveys) in an incremental fashion. Due to the large volume of data and relaxed application semantics, the workflow may not enforce strict temporal synchronization across the various input, intermediate and output data sets. In fact, asynchronous behavior is often programmed explicitly, to meet latency goals. Programming of asynchronous incremental workflows is mostly ad-hoc, and there is a lack of tools for reasoning about and scheduling such workflows. This paper analyzes the requirements of this class of data-intensive application, and introduces formal programming and scheduling models. Our programming model gives fine-grained control over the amount of temporal asynchrony in various parts of the workflow. Our scheduler dynamically switches between synchronous and asynchronous operator variants to achieve the desired temporal semantics, and also dynamically chooses among incremental and non-incremental variants based on the amount of data to be processed and operator costs.


The paper proposes the new concepts of a neutrosophic linguistic variable (NLV) and a neutrosophic linguistic set (NLS) based on the combination of a linguistic variable and a neutrosophic number. Then, we introduce basic operational laws of NLVs and the expected value of a NLV to rank NLVs. Furthermore, we propose a neutrosophic linguistic weighted arithmetic average (NLWAA) operator and a neutrosophic linguistic weighted geometric average (NLWGA) operator and investigate their properties, and then establish a decision-making method based on the NLWAA and NLWGA operators to handle multiple attribute group decision-making problems with neutrosophic linguistic information. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the developed approach.


Relationships between structural and performance variables were studied in 16 public transit organizations in California. Data were collected from archives, personal interviews, management surveys, and on-site observations. Statistical analyses focus on associations between structural variables and organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and employee commitment. Organization size, span of control, centralization, and length of managerial tenure were all associated with higher levels of organizational performance. Specialization and formalization were found to be associated with lower levels of performance on certain efficiency and effectiveness indicators. (Author)


Reductive metabolic conversion to retinol of Carophyll-red and Carophyll-pink (water soluble beadlet of non-provitamin A carotenoids, Canthaxanthin and Astaxantin) feeding in vitamin A deficient rats was investigated.  Male Std Wistar rats, 3-weeks old, were fed a vitamin A deficient diet for 35days prior to the experiment. Carophyll-red or Caropphll-pink was given for 8 days, and the change in the body weight of each group was measured. The serum and liver levels of retinol, retinyl ester, and the retinol binding protein (RBP) were determined.  The reduced body weight of the rats fed the vitamin A-deficient diet significantly increased by the administration of Carophyll-red and Carophyll-pink. The change in the body weight ratio compared to the control group was 1.9 times higher in the Carophyll-red group and 1.3 times higher in the Carophyll-pink group. The serum retinol levels of the Carophyll-red group and Carophyll-pink group were 2.0 and 1.2 times higher than that of the control group. The serum RBP levels of the Carophyll-red group and Carophyll-pink group were 1.6 and 1.3 times higher than that of the control group.  These results may suggest that both Canthaxanthin in Carophyll-red and Astaxanthin in Carophyll-pink were converted into retinol by the oxidative reaction of each carotenoid due to reductive reagents, such as sugars, in the water soluble beadlet, because the conversions from Canthaxanthin and Astaxanthin to retinol are difficult in mammals unless some reductive reagents are included in the diets. Other anti-oxidative reagents in the beadlet and/or diet, such as Ethoxyquin, may also play a synergistic-reductive action. Further study is needed to confirm this hypothesis.


Basic level government is the key to the law construction of government. At present, rule by man, right and capital become shackles of the law construction of government. We should push toward government law construction at grass-roots level in three aspects, scientific and democratic decision-making,open and transparent administration, strict and fair law enforcement.


Tungsten is a scarce and valuable metal with a wide range of applications. Currently, the recovery of tungsten from scheelite concentrates involves the use of strong acids, alkalis, and/or high temperatures (roasting). Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative for the leaching process aiming to extract the tungsten contained. In this work, high grade scheelite concentrate (W 57%) was the material used for the investigation. After an exhaustive DES screening, choline chloride-oxalic acid (ChCl/OA)-based DES showed the best leaching performance. An optimization of the leaching variables (temperature, time, liquid/solid ratio, ChCl/OA ratio) was carried out. A W extraction yield as high as 95% was achieved at certain operating conditions.


Given a pair of n-dimensional complex Galois representations over Q, we define their matching density to be the density, if it exists, of the set of places at which the traces of Frobenius of the two Galois representations are equal. We will show that the set of matching densities of such pairs of irreducible Galois representations (for all n) is dense in the interval [0, 1]. Under the strong Artin conjecture, this also implies the corresponding statement for cuspidal automorphic representations.


acles attached to segments of John their name across the Christian cultures that adopted them, and why and how the lots are indeed "interpretations" lays at the centre of the eighth chapter. It is not only just that "calling the sortes 'interpretations' grounds their authority in scripture and therefore in God" (p. 179), but sometimes the interactions between the herm . and the text of John to which they were attached are discernable. Childers demonstrates that with some exceptions, the Gospel text is not the source of the herm ., but the herm . seem to have been selected from a corpus of lots and then reworked so that they would interact on different levels with the biblical text. Reading both the segment of John and its herm . could have provided the practitioner (the professional intermediary, rather than the inquirer) with enough material to infer a divine reply to a wide range of concerns. The last six pages (pp. 203–209) refer to the demise of the genre, its pos-sible causes, and some questions that remain unanswered. If one consid-ers the latest Divining Gospels that survive, one assumes that the genre was abandoned sometime in the tenth century. However, its parallel de-velopment, the Herm.Ps endured for much longer, as proven by the Armenian material dating from the seventeenth century. The Divining Gospel is much more than the anticipated edition and contextualization of the oracular statements embedded into the text of in the Syriac Gospel executed by a certain Gewargis in sixth or seventh century Damascus as an instrument of sortition. 5 Through a thorough discussion of lot divination methods analo-gous to the Herm.Jn , Childers establishes conclusively the nature of this once overlooked material. His arguments are compelling, and many of the assumptions made, such as the selective function of the numbers assigned to each of the herm ., can be confirmed through the example of other later lot-texts. Aside from the minor blemishes put forward here, this is an out-standing piece of scholarship and a fundamental work, which will remain so for years to come.


Objective:To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C) in stomach cancer and its correlation with lymphatic metastasis and prognosis.Methods:The specimens from 80 patients with primary gastric cancer and 20 specimens from superficial gastritis as controls were examined using S-P immunohistochemistry.The expression of VEGF-C in the stomach cancer and its relationship with lymphatic metastasis and prognosis were studied.Results:Immunohistological staining with VEGF-C specific polyclonal antibody showed cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the cancer cells.The expression of VEGF-C in gastric carcinoma was significantly higher than that in control and was correlated with lymphatic metastasis(P0.01);Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that VEGF-C was an independent factor for the prognosis of the patients.Conclusions:VEGF-C is expressed in stomach cancer and its overexpression correlates with the lymphatic metastasis and the prognosis.


as the main secret-key encryption techniques of the wireless local area network (WLAN) have been proven to be unsafe, wireless network security is faced with serious challenges. It is unpractical for home users and small companies to purchase expensive network equipments to improve the network security. Therefore, the secure strategy for wireless network needs to be changed. In this paper, we first introduce secure issues of the main secret- key encryption techniques currently adopted by the most popular commercial wireless routers. Then we describe our initial designs and propose a new strategy for small-scale IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network which can strengthen the network security. The new secure strategy is based on web authentication with unshared key and virtual local area network (VLAN) in wireless network. It can provide protection against practical attacks which are popular nowadays. Moreover, it is simple, easy to use and price moderate. At last, we evaluate the performance of the new secure strategy and give our conclusions.


For the wiredrawing of aluminium, the initial wire rod is obtained by continuous inverted casting. The raw geometry is industrially processed in a linear multi-step wiredrawing sequence to obtain a wire that is commonly used for the manufacture of electrical conductors. In the present work a complete study of the material has been made. The experimental procedure consisted in the realization of a sequence of section reduction stages in the laboratory, a sequence designed following the technological criteria recommended by the manufacturer of the drawing machine in which the industrial process will be implemented. From the specimens corresponding to each reduction step, it has been possible to know the evolution of the main mechanical properties when this pure aluminium is processed by wiredrawing. This information has led to establish the hardening law by which it is possible characterize the plastic behaviour of this pure metal when it is transformed by this specific sequential process of cold forming. The strain hardening law has been implemented in a numerical simulation software application and the experimental setup has been simulated for its validation. Finally, the classic analytical solution founded in the "slab method" has been applied for the design of a proposal for the optimization of the industrial wiredrawing process.


In general, improving the electrical conductivity of bare NiO x film and alleviating the undesired energy level mismatch by interface engineering are operative to enhance the property of 2D perovskite solar cells (2D PSCs) based on NiO x . Herein, the NiO x /2D perovskite interface is modified by inorganic salt KPF6 to improve the interfacial contact and conductivity of NiO x . It is revealed that KPF6 not only improves the conductivity of NiO x through the formation of NiF coordination bond with NiO x by PF6‐ but also promotes the energy level matching between NiO x and the 2D perovskite layer. Thus, KPF6‐modified NiO x greatly enhances the extraction ability of hole carriers in 2D perovskite layers and improves the crystallinity of 2D perovskite films. Accordingly, the NiO x /KPF6‐based 2D PSCs attain an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.34%. Meanwhile, the KPF6 modified device without sealed maintains 93% of its original PCE for 600 h on a 60 °C hot plate filled with nitrogen and 72% after aging for 600 h with a humidity of 35 ± 10% in the atmosphere, respectively. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using inorganic salts to modify NiO x hole transport layers to augment the optoelectronic properties and stability of 2D PSCs.


AnalogtoDigital (A/D) converter is one of the key techniques in software radio design At first, introduces the conception of software radio, then analyses some specifications of A/D converter,also it discusses the method about A/D design with an example


in the response of the Biblical Commission on June 19th, 1911(DB, 2150). No exception can be taken to the exposition of the claims which Jesus made for Himself (Chap*. IX) and of His right to be believed merely because of His holiness and His wisdom (Chap. XIV). The chapter (XIII) on "Apostolic Witnesses" suffers from a recurrence of the author's allergy to a formal demonstratio catholica. There follow in order the great traditional proofs on which the whole structure of Christian apologetics rests—Christ's miracles, His resurrection, the proof from the prophecies, that from the moral miracle of the Church. The miracles are examined, not with all the scientific apparatus which Felder and Grandmaison bring to bear, but quite adequately for a cogent and popularly geared proof. The reviewer read the chapter on the resurrection during the Paschal season and found it convincing and pleasing. In treating the Messianic prophecies the author paints a good impressionistic canvas, but a close student of the subject will miss precise exegesis of the Old Testament texts. Chap. XVIII, "The Church as a Motive of Credibility," is unexceptionable. The book concludes with a chapter summing up the argument and with a brief appendix on the history of apologetics. St. Mary's College GEORGE C. RING, S.J.


The oral kinase inhibitors selpercatinib (Retevmo – Lilly) and pralsetinib (Gavreto – Blueprint Medicines/Genentech) have been approved by the FDA for treatment of advanced or metastatic RET-mutant or RET fusion-positive cancers.


There is a general consensus that writing is a challenging task for students with learning disabilities (LD). To identify more precisely the extent and depth of the challenges that these students experience with writing, the authors conducted a meta-analysis comparing the writing performance of students with LD to their typically achieving peers. From 53 studies that yielded 138 effect sizes, the authors calculated average weighted effect sizes, showing that students with LD obtained lower scores than their peers on the following writing outcomes: writing quality (–1.06); organization (–1.04); vocabulary (–0.89); sentence fluency (–0.81); conventions of spelling, grammar, and handwriting (–1.14); genre elements (–0.82); output (–0.87); and motivation (–0.42). Implications for research and practice are provided based on these findings.


This research is conducted to find out the terms of address preferences and the role of Chineseness of two Chinese Surabayanese. What terms of address do the informants of Chinese Indonesians in Surabaya prefer to be addressed at home? Why do they prefer to be addressed that way? How do their terms of address preferences show their Chineseness as Chinese Indonesians? The research used two informants of Surabayanese Chinese Indonesians, one (male) is from the totok family and the other one (female) is from the peranakan family. Qualitative approach combined with semi-structured and open-ended interview are used. Thematic analysis is used to analyze the findings. The findings show that the family's background played the important role in the terms of address preferences. The one from totok family still maintained Chinese terms of address, while the one from peranakan family had already abandoned the Chinese terms of address.


The effect of smoking during pregnancy is still a controversial issue. To determine how many women smoke during pregnancy to which social classes they belong and what influence smoking has on perinatal outcome the authors analyzed more than 140000 pregnancies registered in the Lower Saxony Perinatal Survey between 1980-85. About 25% of these women smoked during pregnancy. This rate and the number of cigarettes remained unchanged over the 6-year period. Women from lower social classes young women and single parents smoked the most. Gestational age did not change but children of smokers were smaller had a lower birthweight and a smaller head circumference. Smoking did not influence perinatal mortality Apgar scores and arterial cord blood pH. The 1st pediatric examination showed a higher rate of small-for-date children and of newborns with encephalopathy. The damage from smoking is most obvious when seeing the high rate of hypotrophic children. It is only because of good antenatal and perinatal care that there are no further serious complications for the offspring of smoking mothers. (authors modified) (summaries in ENG GER)


This article reports a new processing method for manufacturing nanotubes and possibly other nano entities with consistency at high rate. We show that this method can be applied for a wide range of materials, as demonstrated by a variety of metal chalcogenides. The proposed novel laser-induced solution synthesis and deposition method is a quantum jump for improving the consistency and manufacturing rate of chemical bath deposition and electroless deposition. We demonstrate the generic nature of this method by synthesizing nanocrystals of a number of arbitrarily selected metal chalcogenides, that is, tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide and zinc sulfide, and depositing each of them in an ion-track polymer membrane for making uniform nanotubes. The mechanism of the tube formation is discussed. High consistency, fast growth rate, scalability and the ability of laser patterning are observed. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microcopy images indicate that the nanotubes made by this method, as demonstrated in SnO2, are coalesced by monodisperse ultrafine nanoparticles.


The study replicated and extended previous findings by investigating relationships between positive and negative religious coping and psychological distress in minority older adults.


The Four Noble Truths (Pali: cattāri ariyasaccāni), namely: (1) the "Noble Truth of Suffering", (2) the "Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering", (3) the "Noble Truth of the Ending of Suffering" and (4) the "Noble Truth of the Way to Ending Suffering" are the fundamental Dharma of Siddhartha Gautama. Mr. Jason Chou was the founder of Taiwan Shinshun Corporation (TWSS). He experienced to do volunteer works at Sudan Temple and received karmic reward of making profits extensively. However, a fire devoured the TPU factory of the TWSS Company in 2012. It is the first time he epiphanies the Noble Truth of Suffering. Mr. Chou sold all the TWSS Company's shares to BASF in 2015, hoping to concentrate on cultivation compassion, and promoting the Dharma in the future.


A review of visual artist Chan Dany's solo exhibition Sampot: The Collection of Small Things, held at SA SA BASSAC gallery in Phnom Penh from May 23 to July 28, 2013, incorporating some reflections on contemporaneity in Cambodia.


Solar energy is a clean energy resource, so the large‐scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is of great significance for achieving carbon emission reductions in the electric power industry. This paper proposes models and methods for evaluation of the low‐carbon benefits of grid‐connected PV power generation projects. The carbon emission (or emission reduction) characteristics and the economic benefits of PV generation are analyzed using the following four metrics: generation capacity revenue, PV cost, loss efficiency improvement, and reserve capacity cost. The corresponding low‐carbon benefit models and economic benefit models are then established. By combining the low‐carbon and economic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, a model is proposed for evaluating the low‐carbon comprehensive benefits (LCBs) of photovoltaic power generation and the concept of a carbon emission payback period (CPP) is put forward. Examples with typical operating data from real‐world applications are used to verify the validity of the models and methods proposed in this paper. The analysis results show that photovoltaic power generation has great potential in terms of low‐carbon comprehensive benefits compared with conventional power generation.


Massive liquid crystal droplets (LCDs) have been reported in early embryogenesis and implicated in pathological progression of human diseases. The presence of LCDs has even been established as an effective diagnostic hallmark of Fabry-Anderson's disease. In this study, we report the presence of LCDs, identified by established thermal stage phase transition methods, in sputum collected during the recovery phase of respiratory infection by gram-positive bacteria. This finding provides additional insight on the breadth of liquid crystal presence in human pathology. Further study on the formation of these LCDs may lead to new perspectives on post-infection removal of infectious agents.


To solve the problem of high complexity and difficult implementation in hardware of LBP( Layered Belief-Propagation) algorithm. A modified decoding algorithm is proposed based on LBP algorithm,a function f( x) is introduced in the first step in order to reduce its complexity. Specific parameters correction factor and offset factor are introduced in the second step in order to improve its decoding performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the modified decoding algorithm reduces the complexity and improves the decoding performance compared to LBP algorithm which facilitates the hardware.


Tropospheric bromine radicals in the Arctic efficiently remove ambient ozone and oxidize gaseous elemental mercury. Ground‐based bromine monoxide (BrO) observations from the Arctic Ocean and Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow) are combined with Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis meteorological fields to determine how BrO varies with environmental conditions. The mean seasonal BrO abundance varies from year to year (p < 0.001), while regional variance in mean BrO is not statistically significant (p > 0.11). Principal component analysis derived three important principal components from the environmental data set. The third principal component explains the most variance in BrO and is correlated with low ozone and cold temperatures. This principal component is consistent with high BrO during ozone depletion events at cold temperatures and can work concurrently with each of the other two principal components to generate two distinct environmental types of high BrO events. The first principal component consists of a less‐stable, thick, mixed layer and low atmospheric pressure and is consistent with observations of high BrO in low‐pressure systems (e.g., storms). The second principal component consists of cold and stable conditions and is consistent with high BrO under surface‐based temperature inversions. Our principal component regression model predicted the both the vertical column density of BrO in the lowest 2 km of the troposphere (R = 0.45) and the vertical column density of BrO in the lowest 200 m (R = 0.54). This statistical description of two types of reactive bromine events may help to harmonize space‐based and ground‐based observations.


The paper establishes information searching and information transiting model among demand chain joint enterprises and based on agile business information structure,it establishes agile demand chain management system supporting dynamic enterprise alliance to operate.


To evaluate the involvement of hMSH6 in colorectal cancer, the complete coding sequence and flanking intron regions of the gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing in 10 patients fulfilling Bethesda Guidelines for colorectal tumors and 10 patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma. In addition, 10 mono‐ and 10 dinucleotide repeat markers were analyzed for microsatellite instability. A protein‐truncating T insertion at codon 218 was identified in the index person of a hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)‐like kindred and was accompanied by a somatic T deletion in the tumor. The tumor of this patient was positive for mono‐ but negative for dinucleotide repeat instability and lacked allelic losses at loci frequently affected in colorectal carcinomas. A novel amino acid change, F340S, was found in a patient with sporadic colon and breast cancer and leukemia but was not detected in 246 chromosomes from healthy anonymous blood donors. In addition, we describe 2 silent and 15 intronic sequence variants not previously reported. Although the frequency is low, we present further evidence for hMSH6 germline mutations that predispose patients to HNPCC‐like phenotypes and suggest that mono‐ and dinucleotide repeat instability testing may be useful for distinguishing between individuals harboring an hMSH2 or hMLH1 mutation and a mutation of the hMSH6 gene. Int. J. Cancer 85:606–613, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT This study aims to determine how the influence of the application of green accounting and environmental performance on profitability. The population of this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 and 2018. Samples are determined using purposive sampling techniques, with the criteria determined then the number of samples obtained is 29 manufacturing companies. The results of this study indicate: 1) green accounting and environmental performance significantly influence ROA profitability 2) green accounting and environmental performance significantly influence ROE profitability. Keyword : Green Accounting, Environmental Performance, Profitability


When does Heimito von Doderer's novel The Strudlhof Steps (1951) begin? What are its specific 'techniques of exposition'? In his poetological essay, 'Grundlagen und Funktion des Romans' [Function and Fundamentals of the Novel], (1970) Doderer uses musicological terminology to describe his expository technique of opening a narration: 'Exposition durch Einstreuung und Einbettung; man k€onnte das auch Vorhalte nennen, wie in der Musik, wenn Bestandteile eines neuen Accordes, der sp€ ater erst dem Satz zu Grunde liegen wird, vorweg genommen werden' [Exposition through interspersion and embedding; one could call it a forefall, like in music, when elements of a new chord are being anticipated that will later ground the movement]. In other words, the novel opens through the processes of what Doderer calls 'interspersion' and 'embedding', ornamental insertions that, insofar as they anticipate a future event, resemble the musical device of a 'forefall'. Doderer distinguishes this simultaneously halting and foretelling technique of beginning from what he calls an 'additive Technik' [additive method], which, he writes, 'legt vor den Augen des Lesers in direkt auf ihr Ziel hin sich bewegender Weise die Fundamente; alles tritt nacheinander heran im Flusse der Zeitfolge' [lays the fundamentals before the reader such that everything moves directly towards its goal; each thing follows the next in the linear flow of time]. Exposition by means of 'interspersion' and 'embedding' – or, in Doderer's musical terms, a 'forefall' – suspends linear narration by introducing a 'vorgelegte und heterogene Handlung' [propounded and heterogeneous action] into the 'Hauptbett' [main riverbed] of the plot. This essay investigates Doderer's technique of exposition and exposure in The Strudlhof Steps and asks what it means for a novel to begin with the ornament of a forefall, keeping its movement at bay.


Prepositions and prepositional phrases is a very important yet difficult part to master in English,because by spatial iconicity the original spatial meaning of prepositions is projected onto more abstract conceptual domains.This paper studies on English prepositions and prepositional phrases,dividing them into different categories according to spatial iconicity,so that the polysemy of prepositions and prepositional phrases can be better understood,and then it proposes some suggestions for related English teaching.


In order to understand the genetic variation of the cultivated and weedy types of Perilla crop in Jeju Island of Korea, this study has conducted a field expedition for collecting Perilla germplasm in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Cultivated Perilla crop was almost not cultivated throughout the island, whereas weedy types of both varieties (var.) of frutescens and crispa were often found in roadsides, around a creek, in wastelands, and in areas around a farmer's fields. The total number of collection was 94 accessions. The seed colors of cultivated var. frutescens were white and brown, while the weedy var. frutescens were gray, brown, and dark brown. The weedy var. crispa exhibited gray and dark brown seed colors. The most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa revealed hard seeds, except one accession of cultivated var. frutescens which had soft seeds. A total of 17 simple sequence repeat loci showed polymorphism, producing a total of 149 alleles among the 85 Perilla accessions collected from Jeju Island. The average gene diversity for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, and weedy var. crispa respectively showed 0.346, 0.649, and 0.463. The accessions of weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa comparatively exhibited higher genetic diversity than those of cultivated var. frutescens. The accessions collected would be useful for preserving the genetic diversity of this crop for further breeding programs of the Perilla crop in Korea.


Particle filter is well known as a robust object tracking algorithm based on prediction with many distributed particles and is widely used for many practical applications. However, since conventional methods use one state transition model, the tracking accuracy is decreased for the objects with irregular motion. This paper proposes an adaptive particle filter based on inter-frame displacement which targets for irregular moving object tracking of vertical direction. By changing a state transition model based on inter-frame displacement associated with gravitational acceleration, the proposed method makes it possible to track stably even if the object suddenly change its direction. Evaluation results with a software simulation shows that the proposed method attains high tracking accuracy for a toss-up scene in volleyball compared with conventional ones. Keyword Particle filter, Object tracking, State transition model 1. はじめに 物体追跡は,監視カメラや入退場者管理,さらに はスポーツシーンなどの分野にまで広く応用されて いる [1][2].このような物体追跡を実現するアルゴリ ズムには,カルマンフィルタ [3],拡張カルマンフィ ルタ [4],Mean-Shift[5],Cam-Shift[6],SIFT[7],パ ーティクルフィルタ [8][9]などがあり,それぞれのア ルゴリズムに特長が存在する.これらのアルゴリズ ムを用いることで物体追跡を実現できるが,一般的 に追跡物体の色や形状を用いて追跡を行うので,背 景と追跡物体が同系色である場合や,追跡物体が他 の物体の後ろに隠れてしまうオクルージョンなどが 発生した場合には,安定した追跡が困難になってし まうという問題点も存在する.また,追跡物体が不 規則な動き,すなわち急激な方向転換・停止・発進 などの動きをした場合も同様に追跡が困難になる. ロバストな物体追跡を実現するためには,これらの 問題点を解決する必要がある.例えば,スポーツシ ーンでは選手・ボールの不規則運動が起こり,監視 カメラや入退場者管理などでも追跡物体の急激な方 向転換・停止・発進などの場面が予想される.そこ で今回は,パーティクルフィルタに注目し,垂直方 向の不規則運動物体の追跡を試みた.パーティクル フィルタを他のアルゴリズムと比べると,例えばカ 画像電子学会研究会予稿 10-04-07


Attainment of ideal root canal treatment comprises various essential factors such as proper instrumentation, biomechanical preparation, obturation, and ultimately depending upon the case, post-endodontic restoration. Main objective of the treatment is to get absolute rid of microbial entity and prevent any future predilection of re-infection. In order to achieve that, proper seal is required to cut down any chance of proliferation of bacteria and future occurrence of any pathology. Although gutta-percha has been the standard obturating material used in root canal treatment, it does not reinforce endodontically treated roots owing to its inability to achieve an impervious seal along the dentinal walls of the root canal. Gutta-percha does not from a monoblock even with the use of a resin-based sealer such as AH Plus because the sealer does not bind to gutta-percha. As a result, a monoblock is formed (consisting of Resilon core material, Resin sealer, bonding agent/primer, and dentin). Another reason of Resilon being a better obturating material could be that the removal of smear layer by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after biomechanical preparation may have allowed the root canal filling material and root canal sealers to contact the canal wall and penetrate in the dentinal tubules, which may increase the strength of roots. New silicone-based sealers like Roekoseal automix and the most recent GuttaFlow have some affirmative results regarding solubility and biocompatibility, as compared to other sealers. Methacrylate resin-based sealers and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealers have opened a new horizon for sealers.


We address two important questions: (1) how does the laminar flame speed respond to simultaneous oscillations in equivalence ratio oscillations and pressure oscillations. (2) How can we characterize multiple flame length and time scales? The method of investigation features a new direct numerical implicit method, TARDIS (Transient Advection Reaction Diffusion Implicit Simulations) [1-3]. TARDIS couples the compressible flow to the comprehensive chemistry and detailed multicomponent transport properties, and as such it resolves all the time and spatial scales in the stiff thermochemical system – an important step towards 'realistic' combustion simulations. Comprehensive chemical schemes for H2/air [4] and for CH4/air [5] are used to model the chemistry.


Suspended load transport rate and flow are tested asynchronously,namely flow is not tested while the test of suspended load transport rate is going on.According to the average sediment concentration of sediment measurement verticals and part of flow weight coefficient,average sediment concentration of the section is calculated.At present,flow test at Hankou hydrological station has achieved uniformization of the relationship between water level and flow.This method can greatly reduce the times of flow measurement,shorten the time of test and reduce the working intensity of field test.


Within the technology service community the term Incident Management has been used to describe the activities taken to identify, analyze, and correct service-affecting issues; thereby restoring service and preventing a future reoccurrence. These service-affecting issues are normally addressed by a knowledgeable response team, designated in advance, to restore normal operations. Over the years, organizations that have continually invested in developing internal policies to address incidents have enjoyed a competitive advantage. Those that are better staffed or equipped with experienced individuals, and effective processes have an upper hand at being able to address events which are not part of the standard operation of the service, and events which may cause an interruption or a reduction of the quality of the service offered. This paper identifies the patterns used by Information Technology service providers, and presents them to the reader as additional tools which can be used to restore normal operations as quickly as possible with minimal impact on their business or the customers they have worked hard to acquire.


This paper describes the design of a protocol stack implemented in Standard ML. Standard ML''s signatures are a language construct which can be used to specify or constrain the interface of a module. The design includes both a generic signature which generalizes all the protocol modules, and individual signatures specific to each protocol module. The specific signatures all inherit from the generic signature. The implementation of each protocol is parametrized, so protocols can be composed into custom protocol stacks. The parameter to each protocol is constrained only by the generic signature, and this lets any protocol instance satisfying a specific signature be used as the parameter to any other protocol. As a result, the design and implementation are highly modular, and syntactic compatibility between modules is checked by the compiler. To provide some context for the discussion of the signatures, some of the details of the implementation are also presented.


Innovative enterprises are distinguished from other enterprises with high competitiveness and economic growth, of course they are leaders in a certain market. However, the development and implementation of innovative projects is carried out under the conditions of limitation: both temporal and resource (financial and labor, etc.).


【The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Oriental Herb Mixture Extract (HCTM) through anti-oxidation against the hepatotoxicity-inducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in HCTM and LPS-treated rats. HCTM of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5 ml/kg of LPS was injected 5 hours before anesthetization. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured in mitochondrial fraction and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of MDA and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But HCTM pretreatment significantly increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx by 86.9%, 57.2% and 72.7% respectively. Moreover HCTM pretreatment decreased the levels of MDA. These results showed the HCTM had the effects against the hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the anti-oxidation. This suggested that HCTM could be used for functional beverage.】


While the application of big data attracts more and more attention, machine learning algorithms are developing with each passing day, and the models produced by machine learning are increasingly diversified. The focus of big data applications has gradually shifted from model training to the prediction and inference. Choosing the most suitable model for enterprise application scenarios among many machine learning models has become a topic of research that has attracted much attention. Though ensemble methods have been proposed to discover best model by multiple training phase, studies of finding best combination within multiple modes are still few. Configuring different machine learning models with appropriate parameters and looking for parameters is an NP-hard problem, which requires an optimization algorithm. This study proposes a differential evolution algorithm to integrate multiple trained machine learning models into an appropriate model. In this paper, the regression model is taken as an example and the differential evolution algorithm is compared with the genetic algorithm. Three benchmark datasets are used to examine, and the results show that the differential evolution algorithm outperforms genetic algorithm.


Pseudodistomins A and B, piperidine alkaloids isolated from the Okinawan tunicate Pseudodistoma kanoko, have been synthesized as their racemic acetates via a route involving Grignard coupling reaction to provide unambiguous proof of their structures.


Research was conducted to determine the minimum number of between-row mowings necessary to control annual weeds, chiefly giant foxtail and common waterhemp, without corn yield loss. Over 2 yr in Missouri, the between-row mowing systems that were evaluated consisted of a 38-cm band of PRE atrazine plus metolachlor at 2.2 plus 2.2 kg ai/ha applied over corn grown in 76-cm rows shortly after planting followed by one, two, or three between-row mowings close to the soil surface. Based on rated total weed control, between-row total weed cover, and corn yield, the weed-free check was statistically indistinguishable from a treatment in which banded PRE herbicide was followed by only one between-row mowing, late, when weeds were relatively large. When mowed once at 52 to 64 days after planting (DAP), giant foxtail and common waterhemp were greater than 85 cm tall. The yield was not increased by mowing earlier or more than once. Nomenclature: Atrazine; metolachlor; giant foxtail, Setaria faberii (L.) Beauv. #3, SETFA; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer. #3 AMATA; corn, Zea mays L. 'Pioneer 3379' #ZEAMX. Additional index words: Alternative weed control, banding, banded application, cutting, mechanical weed control, nonchemical weed control, reduced rate herbicide. Abbreviations: BR, between row; IR, in row.


View of a Sodium Pump Membrane-integral pyrophosphatases (M-PPases) found in plants, protozoans, bacteria, and archaea, link pyrophosphate hydrolysis or synthesis to sodium or proton pumping and contribute to generating an electrochemical potential across the membrane. Kellosalo et al. (p. 473) report the structure of the sodium pumping M-PPase from Thermotoga maritima in the resting state with product bound. The structures reveal the conformational changes that are likely to accompany pyrophosphate binding and provide insight into the ion-pumping mechanism. Structures of a Thermotoga maritima sodium ion–pumping, membrane-integral pyrophosphatase provide a model of the pumping mechanism. Membrane-integral pyrophosphatases (M-PPases) are crucial for the survival of plants, bacteria, and protozoan parasites. They couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis or synthesis to Na+ or H+ pumping. The 2.6-angstrom structure of Thermotoga maritima M-PPase in the resting state reveals a previously unknown solution for ion pumping. The hydrolytic center, 20 angstroms above the membrane, is coupled to the gate formed by the conserved Asp243, Glu246, and Lys707 by an unusual "coupling funnel" of six α helices. Comparison with our 4.0-angstrom resolution structure of the product complex suggests that helix 12 slides down upon substrate binding to open the gate by a simple binding-change mechanism. Below the gate, four helices form the exit channel. Superimposing helices 3 to 6, 9 to 12, and 13 to 16 suggests that M-PPases arose through gene triplication.


The ASEAN economic community is one of the pillars of the agreement to form ASEAN. As the integrated economic identity of Southeast Asia, MEA aims to create a single market and production base marked by the free flow of goods, services and investment. A bankruptcy issue crosses national borders arises, when debtors in Indonesia have bankrupt assets abroad. Where the bankruptcy execution process is hampered by existing rules in the country itself, especially in ASEAN, one of the international organizations in the regional level which is one of Indonesia's members, does not yet have regulations that bind its members to the problem of bankruptcy boedel. 1967 UN model law "UNCITRAL cross border insolvency" which aims to be a reference for the resolution of the bankruptcy bankruptcy problem in ASEAN. In my opinion, UNCITRAL is a flexible legal product and can be used as a harmonization of bankruptcy law in ASEAN.


We report a case of Heterotopia of nasal neuroglia from the right nasal septum in a middle-aged man. This Heterotopia is a very rare Heterotopia in the nasal cavity. It presents as a mass of extracranial brain tissue that is not connected to the brain. It often occurs in neonates and children, and is extremely rare in adults.


Surgical dictum states that asymptomatic paraesophageal hernias need to be repaired electively, as waiting and watching will result in incarceration and assured mortality from necroses of the stomach in the paraesophageal defect. This is based in part on very old data and it has never been rigorously challenged by scientific methods. In order to shed some light on this topic, the group out of Massachusetts General Hospital, under the direction of Dr. Ratner, has recently published a very interesting paper that uses a hypothetical cohort of patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic paraesophageal hernias. With the help of some very sophisticated statistical modeling, they review all possible outcomes of either an elective laparoscopic esophageal hernia repair or watchful waiting. To accomplish the statistical analysis a Markov Monte Carlo decision analysis was used. Data about risks and outcomes were extrapolated with the help of the 1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization project. This database contains information on all patient stays totalling over 7 million people with over 1000 hospitals reporting. It is based on ICD9 diagnosis at discharge. Other assumptions for the model, such as complication rates and death rates from elective laparoscopic repair were gleamed from existing published data. As a result, the authors suggest that 83% of the patients would benefit from watchful waiting, while only 17% would benefit from elective laparoscopic repair. This is based on a published mortality of 1.4% in the elective laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair and the annual probability of developing acute symptoms requiring emergency surgery with the watchful waiting strategy of 1.1%. The authors also adjusted some of their assumptions by increasing the mortality of emergency surgery to the highest reported number of 17%. Even at this number, an elective laparoscopic hernia repair becomes optimal treatment only if mortality rate for laparoscopic repair is less than 1%. The authors feel, based on this hypothetical cohort of patients in this powerful mathematical modeling, that watchful waiting is a better strategy for the majority of asymptomatic patients with paraesophageal hernia as compared to elective laparoscopic repair. This is a very important study as it grapples with a difficult topic. Many patients with paraesophageal hernia are elderly and debilitated and surgical repair carries significant morbidity and mortality. However, this study is not without its limitations. Many of the assumptions are based on case series studies. Data from prospective randomized trials are sparse on this topic. Similarly, the database used is based on ICD9 codes and not CPT codes, allowing bias of hospital discharge clerks to enter into the study. A definitive answer to this question would of course require a prospective randomized trial. Because the yearly incidence of acute gastric outlet obstruction and strangulation from paraesophageal hernia is fairly low, estimated by the authors a 1.16%/year, this study would have to be performed THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol. 98, No. 2, 2003 © 2003 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology ISSN 0002-9270/03/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc.


Frcs General Surgery Viva Topics And Revision Notes Are you looking for ebook frcs general surgery viva topics and revision notes? You will be glad to know that right now frcs general surgery viva topics and revision notes is available on our online library. With our online resources, you can find frcs general surgery viva topics and revision notes easily without hassle, since there are more than millions titles available in our ebook databases.


Pre - eclampsia is a disease that can arise during pregnancy. Lack of knowledge of the people, especially pregnant women about pre - eclampsia resulted in many pregnant women who do not know about the disease. There're many of pregnant women who have pre - eclampsia even some women died from it. This is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The samples in this study were 36 people using accidental sampling technique that took respondents who happened to be there. From the research carried out, it showed that pregnant women with high school education had sufficient knowledge of as many as five people (27.8 %). By age, the majority of respondents aged 24-29 have solid knowledge or as many as 7 people (29.1 %). Based on information sources, the majority of respondents received sufficient knowledge from the printed media which is as many as one person (33.3 %). It is expected that health professionals and staffs in Adam Malik Hospital of Midwifery Polyclinic provide an explanation of pre - eclampsia to pregnant women in order to enrich their knowledge on that particular matter.


A number of notions regarding the functions served by international labor immigration, expecially the undocumented population, are examined in this article. Comparisons of the working conditions of documented and undocumented Dominicans in New York City are made. Although the two groups resemble one another in terms of organization and industrial sector of employment, the organization of their respective firms is markedly different. It is concluded that one of the most important functions served by the illegal alien population is political and resides in its controllability by employers in the secondary labor market and, consequently, operates to discipline the native labor force.


A group of academic economists filed this amicus brief in a pending Supreme Court case, Entergy v. Riverkeepers. The amicus brief addresses questions pertaining to the nature and limits of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and thus contributes to the ongoing scholarly debate about CBA's role in environmental law. The case raises the question of whether EPA may consider CBA in writing standards based on the "best technology available for minimizing environmental impacts" from intake of water to cool industrial facilities. This intake kills fish and disrupts eco-systems. The brief explains that cost-benefit balancing may be inappropriate for an agency implementing foundational normative commitments embodied in the constitution or legislation. It then argues that engineering analysis identifies the best technology and financial analysis comparing costs to the regulated industry's economic capabilities (rather than to benefits) assesses a technology's availability. Finally, the brief explains that the radical incompleteness of the CBA done in this case could have been avoided by using a traditional technology-based approach.


acentesis-short of free incision-are, mechanically speaking,. imperfect. It is impossible to actually reproduce the conditions whicb obtain in empyema; but for the purposes of this paper the following simple scheme may be used. It illustrates, I venture to think, the first case recorded. Fill a glass bottle close up to the neck with fluid, put in a w6l1-fitting cork, then attempt to aspirate the fluid' in the usual way. It will be seen that the fluid cannot be withdrawn. Next fill this bottle to within an inch of the top, -cork as before, and repeat the experiment. This time a small quantity of fluid can be withdrawn. This occurs because the air is mote dense in the bottle with the fluid than that in the aspirator-bottle, in which a partial Vacuum has been made. When the density of the air becomes equalised in the two, the fluid ceases to flow. The suggestion I have to make is that air should be injected into the pleural cavity in sufficient quantity to expel all the fluid, To obviate the danger of septic germs, I would propose that the-air, previously to its introduction, should be filtered, warmed, and carbolised. The accompanying figure (p. 1167) represents the apparatus I have devised. It consists of a Wolff's bottle with two necks; into one of these necks is fitted a perforated India-rubber cork, provided with a longstemmed glass funnel, tightly filled with carbolised cotton wool. The other neck is fitted with a similar cork, provided with a short glass tube (bent to a convenient angle) which communicates with the proximal extremity of a Higginson's elastic syringe. To the distal extremity of this syringe a fine hollow needle is attached. Just before use, the bottle is filled with a warm 5 per cent. solution of carbolic acid, one half of which is to remain in the bottle, while the other half is passed through the elastic bottle and tubes to thoroughly purify them, and drive out the contained air. When the elastic bottle is worked by the hand, it can only find itself with air, which has passed, first, through the carbolised wool in the glass funnel, and, next, through the carbolic solution remaining in the bottle, which moistens and warms it. The air is thus rendered perfectly pure. Its mode of use is as follows. The ordinary aspirator-needle is introduced into the lower part of the abscess-cavity, and as much 'fluid is withdrawn as can be, without causing distress; the moment that the outflow ceases, or if the patient begins to cough or feel dis-tressed, then-provided always the physical signs indicate that the cavity is not emptied-introduce the fine needle connected with the Wolff's bottle into the uPpper part of the cavity, and pump in a little air. The amount of air to be injected will, of course, vary with the case; but, at the completion of the operation, it would seem de*sirable that the air within the pleural cavity should be less dense than 'the external air; in this way the lung is placed under conditions favourable to its re-expansion. As the air is slowly absorbed, these conditions continue during the progress of cure. Moreover, if the suggested method be a good one, the presence of -air in the pleural cavity after the withdrawal of the effusion, bysupporting the vessels, ought to lessen the tendency to reaccumulation of the fluid, which, on the other hand, the presence of a diminished pressure decidedly favours. It should also do away with that dragging sensation which is not unfrequently complained of at the close of an ordinary thoracentesis. I wish especially to emphasise that my plan is adapted chiefly for those eases in which the difficulty of removing the fluid depends on rigidity of the walls of the empyema-cavity. This, of course, is most likely to occur in adults with long standing disease. Finally, the condition may obtain in children. I consider the case quoted at the commencement of the paper as a typical oneof the kind. Here a cure was ultimately obtained by a double opening; but I trould suggest, when simple aspiration does not sufficee, that this proposed method be tried before free incision, which is a somewhat severe measure, is adopted. I have to thanklDri. .Syrnes Thompson for allowing me to try this plan on one of hiA patients in the Brompton Hospital. The case was fullyreported in the Medical Times and Gazette, May 22nd, 1880. The chief points are as follow. A single woman, aged 23 years, inheriting phthisis, was admitted in February under Dr. S. Thompson's care. Her chest was expanded and motionless on the left side, and in its semi'diameter one inch larger than the right. The heart's impulse was distinct in the third and fourth spaces oh the right ofthe sternum. Ott-February 24th, she was aspiated, and-sixty-six ounces of seroP4frlent fluid were removed. The -fluid, however, gradullyreacoumtiated. On April 16th, she was again aspirated, according to the preceding plan. The chest was emptied; there was no cough or irritation. When she left the hospital a month later, there was some dilness at the eitrenme base, anid it was feared that reaccumulation would take place. This, however, did not occur to any appreciable extent. The patient quite recovered. Th6 amount of injected air can, of course, be measured, and its pressure gauged by a manometer, as shown in the drawing; but such additions to an instrument of this kind would complicate it without adding much to its practical utility. I do not in the least imagine that this method will simplify all cases of difficult tboracentesis. To illustrate this, I may refer very briefly to a case, in which the difficulty of withdrawing the pus did not depend on rigid chest walIs. A child, aged 1 year and 8 months, was admitted under the care of my friend and colleague Dr. Eustace Smith, with the physical signs of a large left effusion; an exploratory puncture revealed the presence of pus. On attempting to aspirate, not more than half an ounce of pus could be obtained; the needle, however, seemed to move freely in what appeared to be a large cavity. On the following day another attempt was made; and again failing, injected some purified air; but this did not materially help. Three-and-a-half ounces of pus were withdrawn after considerable difficulty, and several renewed attempts. Not feeling satisfied with the result, I decided to incise the chest-wall and put .in a drainage-tube. But, for awhile, even now, the pus did not flow freely, so a finger was introduced. This detected the presence of large flakes of membraniform lymph, which had to be removed with the dressing forceps. A considerable quantity of pus was then expelled, containing smaller flakes of lymph, besides pultaceous material. Listerian precautions wvere observed, and the case did. well. This is the first occasion on which I have found actual membrane in the pus; but pultaceous material is not uncommon.It is difficult to guess the origin of the membrane; but it would seem possible that the cavity was subdivided into loculi by well organised lymph, and that these -partitions were broken down by the aspirator-needle, as it was moved about. Difculties once occurred to me in tapping a serous effusion; they were only partially overcome after air had been injected. The fluid;' some ten or twelve fluid ounces, after its withdrawal quickly coagulated into a solid mass. The injected air was rapidly absorbed; its presence in no way interfered with the progress of the case. Simple as thoracentesis appears, there are few operations in which the result is more uncertain. One can never predicate what amount of fluid will be withdrawn, nor what unexpected difficulties may not present themselves. I feel sure that those who have had a large experience of these cases will bear me out in this statement. These cases are mentioned to show that there may be other causes than rigid chest-walls to interfere with the withdrawal of fluid. I should feel it necessary to apologise for mentioning them, were it not that I would anticipate criticisms and possible objections to the plan of treatment I am now describing. The cases in which this plan has been adopted, are at present too few to allow one to discuss its merits from a clinical standpoint; on the other hand, they are sufficient to shew that the method is not fraught with any danger to the patient; while the many almost intractable cases met with in peactice but too clearly indicate that our present methods of' treatment are by no means perfect or sufficient. The mechanical principle on which' the suggestion is based, is one, it seems to me, which can be discussed irrespectively of cases; for we constantly apply it in everyday life in transferring fluids from one vessel to another.


Sinningia speciosa is an ornamental plant species that is widely cultivated. Many cultivars, however, generated a range of floral mutations such as Peloria (actinomorphy). It thus allows us to examine candidate genes that control floral symmetry. These functions should be able to be clarified if a suitable transformation system is established. Although there was a transformation protocol published on S. speciosa, yet it mainly focused on genetic analysis. Due to this reason, a more detailed transformation should be clarified. We therefore chose Agrobacterium, strand LBA4404, with medium Hygromycin as a selective agent, to infect leaf explants after they were sectioned into the size of 0.5 cm2. We also found out that S. speciosa has the capability to regenerate vigorously through vegetative cuttings after being placed on MS medium containing 2 ppm of BA and 0.2 ppm of NAA. So the major optimizing factor is on Agrobacterium infections. New plantlets induced from shoots were beta-glucuronidase(GUS)-stained and confirmed with gDNA PCR and RT-PCR in order to predict the rate of success. Out of all 120 explants, 14 regenerants were collected and five of which was successfully transformed as confirmed by PCR using GUS primers, while all of which showed GUS expression as confirmed by RT-PCR, resulting in a transformation rate of 4.16%. This project shall serve as an important mile stone in building a reliable transformation protocol in Gesneriaceae, allowing functional validations of several candidate floral developmental genes in evo-devo, thus assists any possible future project which could be brought out by our laboratory.


In the context of the Brazilian electrical sector, there are no references regarding the application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System) in construction and maintenance of Electric Power Substations projects. Thus, this work proposes the integration of these technologies, since preview experiences in other engineering fields have shown promising advances that could be useful for the management and maintenance of the electrical power market. By associating these technologies, an accurate mapping of the information related to the assets, arrangements, cabling, bus, electrical components, etc, is obtained. Moreover, for this integration works, it is required to design a three-dimensional geometric database of the electric power substation active com-ponents. Inserting one of the database models into a particular point of the project shall bring constructive, operational, and maintenance information. Thus, by combining BIM and GIS in the modeled families, it is possible to obtain more consistent information during the construction phase. This will provide advantages in decision making, providing resources within the corporate communication, and a better understanding of the environment related to an electrical energy substation. Additionally, the location conditions and the surroundings of the substation would be more precise and pertinent, since the components of the substation will become Geo-referenced. The association between these two platforms allows a more intuitive overview of the project, making them adherent to the planning, design, construction, operation, preventive, and corrective maintenance. So, when applying these tools together the company will obtain results almost immediately since all managing features will be accessed through only one integrated information database. This proposal presents the first results of the integration of BIM and GIS, in the context of a Brazilian electric company Furnas S/A. Results of the implementation of the solution in the context of Substations of the Company are discussed and show the availability of reducing construction costs, alteration planning, logistics, on-demand of the necessary maintenance, prevention of possible accidents, and possibility of updating information in real-time. Keywords—Electric Power Systems, Building Information Modeling, Geographic Information System, Electrical Systems, Power Substation


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pain is the most frequent symptom in different diseases. In modern medicine, there are two main categories of analgesics: opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Given the importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of different diseases, this study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of the alcoholic extract of Teucrium with morphine and aspirin. METHODS: In this experimental study, 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of 6. The negative control group received normal saline (5 ml/kg), two positive control groups received morphine 2.5 mg/kg and aspirin 300 mg/kg, and three treatment groups received hydro-alcoholic extract of Teucrium (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in single doses. Half an hour after the intraperitoneal injection of the extract, 50 microlitres of 2.5% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the right paw of the rats, and the analgesic effects were compared using the formalin test. FINDINGS: In this study, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Teucrium had a dose-dependent analgesic effect, and the most effective dose of the extract was 200 mg/kg. Acute pain scores in the normal saline, aspirin, morphine and 200 mg/kg extract groups were 2.58±0.09, 1.39±0.06, 4.15±0.09 and 1.61±0.1, respectively. In addition, chronic pain scores were 2.37±0.09, 0.99±0.1, 0.33±0.09 and 1.18±0.06, respectively. Analgesic effects of Teucrium extract on chronic pain were lower compared to morphine, and had no significant difference with aspirin. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, and regarding the presence of polyphenolic compounds in this herb, Teucrium is believed to have several analgesic properties.