We have synthesized Co fine particles with the average diameter $(D)$ of less than 500 \AA{} by sputtering Co in a somewhat high inert-gas pressure. It has been found that there is a close relationship between the particle size and the crystal phase; that is, pure fcc (\ensuremath{\beta}) phase for $Dl~200\AA{},$ a mixture of hcp (\ensuremath{\alpha}) and \ensuremath{\beta} phases for $D\ensuremath{\sim}300\AA{},$ and \ensuremath{\alpha} phase with inclusion of a very small amount of \ensuremath{\beta} phase for $Dg~400\AA{}.$ Precise structural characterizations have revealed that the \ensuremath{\beta} particles are multiply twinned icosahedrons and the \ensuremath{\alpha} particles are perfect single crystals with external shape of a Wulff polyhedron. In order to explain the size effect on the crystal phase of Co fine particles, we have performed theoretical calculations for total free energies of an \ensuremath{\alpha} single crystal, a \ensuremath{\beta} single crystal, and a multiply twinned \ensuremath{\beta} icosahedron. The present calculations well explain the size dependence of the crystal phase of the Co fine particles, and have revealed that the stabilization of \ensuremath{\beta} phase, confirmed by previous studies, is the intrinsic effect caused by the small dimensionality of fine particles. Moreover, the phase transformations that occurred in annealing experiments can also be explained by the theory.


In order to assist understanding of the entire work is being carried out to the user to be able to perform adequately the classification of work flow flow characteristics, this business flow processing method, a set of embodiments for each agenda from a database which stores the result of the work process and the step of extracting the data from the work, and generating a formatted business name of the embodiments work in a time series process instance for each agenda, for each process instance, and the process from the first task of instances, prior embodiments the second work that you are going to regression occurs determines the process after step, and regression occurs for the process instances that every pattern type of regression and steps to delete duplicate regression of the regression, redundant regression removed to return to a method for counting the instances of each type, on the basis of the count result, the appearance blank It is to identify the process instance after more than a predetermined reference, deleting duplicate regression, and a step of outputting a major work flows.


Load bearing masonry structures often exhibit some degree of confining, which add global "ductility" to the structure. For this reason elastic-plastic analyses of masonry structures may provide fair approximations of the stress and strain field. Moreover, the plasticity theory is general enough to be applied to materials, like masonry, which present strong material anisotropy. The homogenisation techniques, largely employed in the case of composite materials and recently applied to masonry, provide in fact as a result a macroscopic equivalent medium with anisotropic characteristics, due to the preferential orientation of the joints. According to this considerations, this paper presents an approach to the development of a constitutive model for masonry, developed in the framework of rate independent softening plasticity, involving an anisotropic yield criterion based on the classical Mohr-Coulomb criterion, taking into account the material orthotropy by means of a friction tensor.


Abstract We generalize basic results about classical tilting modules and partial tilting modules to the infinite dimensional case, over an arbitrary ring R. The methods employed combine classical techniques of representation theory of finite dimensional algebras with new techniques of the theory of ∗-modules. Using a generalization of the Bongartz lemma, we characterize tilting torsion theories in Mod-R, i.e., torsion theories induced by (infinitely generated) tilting modules. We investigate lattices [Gen(P), P⊥] of torsion classes induced by partial tilting modules P. Applying our results to tilting torsion classes, we prove a version of the Brenner-Butler theorem, and a generalization of the Assem-Smalo theorem to the case when R is artinian.


The distributed cooperative offloading technique with wireless setting and power transmission provides a possible solution to meet the requirements of next-generation Multi-access Edge Computation (MEC). MEC is a model which avails cloud computing the aptitude to smoothly compute data at the edge of a largely dense network and in nearness to smart communicating devices (SCDs). This paper presents a cooperative offloading technique based on the Lagrangian Suboptimal Convergent Computation Offloading Algorithm (LSCCOA) for multi-access MEC in a distributed Internet of Things (IoT) network. A computational competition of the SCDs for limited resources which tends to obstructs smooth task offloading for MEC in an IoT high demand network is considered. The proposed suboptimal computational algorithm is implemented to perform task offloading which is optimized at the cloud edge server without relocating it to the centralized network. These resulted in a minimized weighted sum of transmit power consumption and outputs as a mixed-integer optimization problem. Also, the derived fast-convergent suboptimal algorithm is implemented to resolve the non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard problem. In conclusion, simulation results are performed to prove that the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms recent techniques with regards to energy efficiency, energy consumption reduction, throughput, and transmission delay performance.


Computing by Observing is a model of computation that was inspired by the way experiments in the natural sciences are conducted. An observer writes a kind of protocol of some process, and this is the result, in our case of the computation. We explore in how far this notion of observer can reveal relevant facts for answering the question whether all computation is observer-relative in the sense of Searle. We first argue that the observer must be allowed to do a little computing itself. If this is allowed, then rather simple processes can indeed be used as the central part of any computation, namely contextfree rewriting processes. This gives some support to Searle's claim that just about anything can be seen as a digital computer. Further, there is one process that, with different observers, can be interpreted to compute any recursively enumerable function. So what is computed, is extremely relative to the observer in this case. 1 OBSERVATIONS ON THE OBSERVATION OF A SIMPLE COMPUTATION We want to explore the role of an observer in a computation. But at a first look it seems that an observer does not form an integral part of the process of computing at all. Only the agent or mechanism that executes some rules of calculation seems to be necessary to compute something. To motivate our study, let us first look at a simple example of something that probably most of us will immediately recognize and accept as an example for a computation. Suppose that we observe a person writing down the following sequence of symbols from left to right and top to bottom:


Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of aging on erection by using rat model. Materials Methods Forty male SD rats of 3, 9, 18 and 24 months old were divided into 4 groups equally according to their age. Apomorphine given subcutaneously and cavernous nerve electric field stimulation was used to induce erection of rats. Results The successful erection rate, number of erection times, and intracavernous pressure (ICP) in the rats of 18 and 24 month old was significantly lower than that of 3 and 9 month old. Conclusion The erectile function in aging rats is deteriorated. The damage mechanism with aging might be related to dopaminergic system in central nerves.


Just as there is no such thing as good marketing or good manufacturing, there is no such thing as good primary care — it completely depends on how that care is tailored to meet the needs of patient...


For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control. NeoBiota 65: 137–168 (2021) doi: 10.3897/neobiota.65.61991 https://neobiota.pensoft.net Copyright Mark R. McNeill et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. REVIEW ARTICLE Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions A peer-reviewed open-access journal


This paper presents two control methods for a leg prosthesis: a passive based and a variable-damping based. First, the concept of the mechanical design for the leg prosthesis is described. A simulated environment is used to compare the two control methods. The joint setup and its control scheme, in which a passive or a variable-damping control can be easily implemented, are introduced for the prosthetic leg in the simulated environment. Intelligent prosthesis require a specific adjustment for each gait phase based on kinematic events of knee and ankle joints along a gait cycle. A feasible damping profile is generated based on kinematic and dynamical data of the knee joint along a gait cycle. This data set was extracted from a simulated biped which is 1.8m in height and 76 kg in weight with 21 degrees of freedom during normal walking. The data show that the damping profile is critical between the toe-off and heel contact events. Tests using the simulated biped with the passive and the variabledamping controlled leg prosthesis during walking enables the comparison of both control approaches.


With the rapid spread of high speed networks, applications such as virtual museums and virtual shopping are attracting strong attention. Such applications need techniques for showing various views of 3D objects specified by a viewer. Of the techniques already proposed, some are attractive in terms of image storage but have strong restrictions on the viewer's path. In this paper we present a method employing a range finder which is getting common lately. By defining source data as a combination of color image data and distance data, we show a procedure for computing view images in two steps: mapping and projection. We demonstrate the validity of our method by simulation experiments, first without, and then with, measurement errors in the range data. Although our method requires distance measurement, we show that it has merits as regards image storage and the relative freedom with which viewers can specify their desired views, in addition to freedom in exhibition layout.


Autoimmune encephalitis is a difficult clinical diagnosis due to the similarities in the clinical, imaging and laboratory findings of many forms of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis involves several types: The fir s t group includes the classic paraneoplas t ic disorders associated with antibodies to intracellular antigens. The second group involves autoantibodies to extracellular epitopes of ion channels, receptors and other associated proteins, such as the NMDA receptor. final group includes other forms of autoimmune encephalitis in which precise antigens are less clearly es t ablished, such as lupus cerebritis or ADEM. The classical presentation of encephalitis consi s ts of subacute (days to a few weeks) progressive decrease in the level of consciousness, often with fluctuations, and altered cognition. encephalitis. antibody disorder is diagnosed, initial treatments may include IVIG, plasmapheresis, and/or s t eroids. The proper diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis requires an organized approach. Evaluation should begin with a detailed hi s tory and physical examination to detect clues to specific causes. A diverse range of infections should be considered, and appropriate te s t ing should be done to exclude relevant pathogen.


This chapter investigates the magnetic field distribution within the stator. This magnetic field is due to two sources—the magnetic field crossing the air gap from the rotor, and the magnetic field created by currents flowing in the stator windings. Of these, the magnetic field entering the stator from the rotor dominates the magnetic field created by winding currents. Moreover, the magnetic field crossing the air gap from the rotor determines the mutual torque created by the motor.


A comparative study has been carried out on the detection of gases with the use of attenuated total internal reflection spectroscopy in a multimode step index, based on parabolic, linear, and exponential-linear tapered fibers with porous cladding. Using geometric optics, an expression has been derived for the time dependent evanescent absorbance as the gas diffuses through the cladding. It has been shown that the relative evanescent absorbance depends on the taper profile and taper ratio. For a given taper profile, as the taper ratio increases, the response time of the sensor decreases. Further, the sensor with the exponential-linear taper profile has less response time than those with the parabolic and linear profiles in cases of a particular taper ratio.


Lasing of the 488-nm Ar ii line has been demonstrated in the central 1.2 cm of a 4.5-cm diam rf-produced magnetoplasma at pressures of 1 Pa. The external rf antenna excites an m=1 whistler wave at the lower hybrid launch frequency which produces a highly ionized plasma. The inferred population inversion and the correspondence between measured wave phase velocity and the upper energy levels of the observed transitions suggest that Landau damping of the wave can selectively distort the electron distribution function at an energy equivalent to the phase velocity of the wave.


Health promotion and protection of environment constantly depends on providing clean water. Water turbidity caused by suspended particles and colloids in it. So the aim of this study was to review the efficiency of chemical coagulation in removal of water turbidity.In this study all the present articles were searched in internal databases including Iran medex, Irandoc and SID and external databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, scientific database of World Health Organization (Medicos / WHO / EMR), free journal access guide (Open Access Journal Directory of), PubMed using the Key words of coagulants, chemical coagulation, total water turbidity, the articles were searched and 268 articles were extracted and 25 articles that were completely relevance with the topic was reviewed. Including inorganic polymer coagulants advantages of high efficiency compared to conventional coagulants extensively in a range of pH, and better performance at various temperatures, especially at low temperatures is the Among the advantages of polymeric inorganic coagulants efficiently compared to conventional coagulants is appropriate efficient in an extensively range of pH, and better performance at various temperatures especially at low temperatures.Based on the studies, it was concluded that the use of chemical coagulation is an effective way to reduce water turbidity and the use of poly aluminum chloride due to low sludge production, reduction of PH to a limited extent, creation of large fluke, less residual and high rate of sedimentation in water is greater than other coagulants. © 2018, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.


The sales of electric vehicles (EV) are recently experiencing an exponential growth. There is scientific evidence that EVs, in their lifecycle, generate a lower amount of greenhouse gases emissions and local pollution with respect to ICE ones. However, a fast EVs diffusion will increase the load on the power system in a still unclear manner. It is recognized that EV charging is a power intensive operation and that dumb charging strategies will increase security problems for grid management. This will likely happen at the end of business, when a huge quantity of EVs gets connected at the domestic socket at the same time, thus contributing to the ramp up needs from thermal generators to cope with the increasing slope in the "duck curve" at sunset. The presented model estimates the burden that different EV penetration scenarios will have on Italian power system in a short term (2025). This is evaluated in terms of energy flows and load profiles for the charging operations. A behavioural analysis of EV charging operations and a thorough investigation of Italian electricity tariff allows to calculate the economic impact of a base and a strategically regulated scenario. In the regulated scenario, featuring a regulatory toolbox to steer EVs diffusion efficiently, the impact on the power system is mitigated even in case of a larger EV penetration.


The use of tomographic imaging to map out material property variations in polymeric media is explored. A set of target samples was prepared with known variations in cure state. Ultrasonic transit times for multiple ray paths were measured and, from these data, tomographic images were created using a modified algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) algorithm. These data were compared with simulated data in order to evaluate the spatial-resolution capability of the approach. Qualitative agreement between the actual sample image and that computed using the ART algorithm is good. However, image smoothing at the boundary between the core region and the sample exterior precludes a sharp transition. This effect tends to make it difficult to identify anomalies in material properties when the property difference is small (<3%).<<ETX>>


The chromogenic complexes of ion association of 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-(4-phenyl-azophenyl) triazene (m-NPPAPT) with cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB), dodecyldimethylbenzylammo-nium bromide (DDMBAB), cetylpyrid-inium and bromide (CPB) tetradecylpyridinium bromide (TPB) were formed in the NaOH basic medium, respectively. Their association ratio with m-NPPAPT is 2∶1. The maximum absorption wavelength of the complexes for m-NPPAPT-CTMAB, m-NPPAPT-CPB, m-NPPAPT-TPB and m-NPPAPT-DDMBAB is at 538, 538, 625, 637 nm, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity of chromogenic complexes is 10~3~10~4 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1). The method for the determination of trace CTMAB,DDMBAB,CPB and TPB was proposed. It has been applied to analysis of the sample with satisfactory results.


The invention discloses an extension shaft guide used for lifting counter level in a mine shaft, belonging to the field of mine shaft equipment; the extension shaft guide comprises an upper fixed shaft guide and a lower fixed shaft guide which are distributed on a same shaft line; the upper fixed shaft guide is internally sleeved with a movable shaft guide and is internally provided with an oil cylinder; the upper end of the oil cylinder is fixed in the upper shaft guide; a piston rod of the oil cylinder extends out of the lower end of the oil cylinder; the extending end of the piston rod is connected with the upper end of the movable shaft guide; and when the piston rod extends, the movable shaft guide connects the upper fixed shaft guide and the lower fixed shaft guide. When in working, the device can lift the movable shaft guide by the oil cylinder and then can carry out carriage in and out and the mine car can enter and go out smoothly. When the oil cylinder works, the piston rod is pushed to descend so as to lead the movable shaft guide to connect the upper fixed shaft guide and the lower fixed shaft guide; therefore, the lifting of a container can pass smoothly and uninterruptedly along the vertical direction. The extension shaft guide solves the technical problem that the container needs to reduce speed to pass when being lifted, thus greatly improving the operating efficiency.


Broilers object of the present invention to provide a method for prevention and treatment of respiratory disease in chicken feed additive comprising the following components: alfalfa, calcium hydrogen phosphate, aminophylline, choline chloride, herbal powders, lysine, methionine, premix material, the feed additive having antibacterial anti-inflammatory, lung, enhance immunity effects, which can effectively control the occurrence of chicken respiratory diseases and duration, control dead chickens, no drug residue, no pollution, increase the economic benefits of farmers, meet consumer demand.


A large body of evidence indicates that regular consumption of small berry fruits may mitigate the risk of chronic disease like cardiovascular diseases and cancer, due to their high level of phenolic antioxidants. The objective of this study was to investigate nutritive value, phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of wild blueberries and cranberries harvested in an ecologically clean area in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vranica Mountain. In comparison with literature data, the higher amounts of proteins and significantly higher amounts of ascorbic acid were found in analyzed fruit homogenates. To get insight in the phenolic composition of blueberry and cranberry juices freshly prepared from the frozen fruits, the total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins (unpolymerized pigments) were determined using spectrophotometry. Separation and quantification of phenolic compounds in the free form was done by HPLC. Antioxidant capacity was determined as free radical scavenging ability (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Both types of small berry fruits can be considered as excellent sources of phenolics with good antioxidant properties. The amount of total phenolics in blueberry juice (BJ) and cranberry juice (CJ) was 4085 mg GAE/L and 5138 mg GAE/L, respectively. In comparison to CJ, BJ showed significantly higher ferric reducing power (5068 m ; ; M/L for BJ ; 2388 m ; ; M/L for CJ), and DPPH radical scavenging ability (% Inhibition of DPPH* was 72.0 % for BJ and 46.4 % for CJ ; dilution 1:10) what can be related to almost 5-folds higher content of unpolymerized anthocyanins in BJ. Unexpectedly, the presence of free resveratrol monomers in CJ and BJ was not confirmed. Flavan-3-ol monomer (+)-catechin was the most abundant phenolic compound detected in the free form in BJ (4.98 mg/g). The small quantities of phenolic acids in the free form were detected in CJ. As far as the authors know, for the first time the presence of well known antioxidant phenolic compound tyrosol (0.02 mg/g) was confirmed in cranberry juice. The results of this investigation further support the view that wild blueberries and cranberries constitute an important source of potential health-promoting phytochemicals.


The structure, coordination and charge distribution of fifteen square planar cisdicarbonyl (bidentate N-donor ligand) Rh(I) tetraphenyl borate, [Rh(CO)_2(chel)]BPh_4, have been investigated by XPS. The behaviors of the charge-transfer during the coordination are: (1) Rh←CO; (2) Rh←N; (3) [Rh(CO)_2(chel)]~+→B. Both the density of d-electrons and valency state of rhodium atom in each complex are related to the bidentate N-donor ligand.


Interventionalists require a myriad of techniques at their disposal in order to successfully stent chronically occluded coronary arteries. One fundamental step for the performance of "safe" coronary angioplasty in this setting is to confirm that the coronary guidewire is truly intraluminal prior to balloon inflation and stent deployment, by injecting dilute contrast through the lumen of an over-the-wire balloon catheter or microcatheter placed distally in the vessel (1,2). However, the appearance of vessel dissection may sometimes be subtle using this technique and overt angiographic "alarm-bells" such as contrast staining/layering and poor distal flow may be absent. We provide an example of an additional angiographic feature of vessel dissection that may be noted when injecting contrast through over-the-wire balloon catheters.


No doubt most members of the INFORMS College on Marketing, reading this piece as it comes out at the end of Volume 20 of the journal, late in 2001, know the answer to some of these questions; many may know the answers to most of them, and a few know the answers to all of them. However, people retire from the profession. At the same time, younger participants replenish our ranks. So, when the time comes that the journal reaches Volume 40, fewer college members will know the answers to some, most, or all of these questions. Few may even recall that INFORMS was formed in 1995 as a result of the


Background: Breast feed is best food for baby age 0-6 months. Breast feed very required for the health of baby growing and develoipment baby to optimal. But the giving  breast feed exclusif to baby age 0 - 6 months still lower and not goald national,  even in Provinsi Papua, specially Sub-Province Keerom ofis including  public helath centre Arso III.  Goalds : To knowing Factor's affecting Giving Breast Feed At Public Health Centre Arso Iii Sub Province Keerom. Research Method: This type is analytic descriptive with cross sectional study. Research conducted in August 2017 in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom. Population is the overall of mother owning age baby 6 - 24 months. Data approach used questioner and analysed use chi  square test. Result of research : There is no corelation old age to giving of Breast feed exclusive in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom (( p-value 0,639; RP = 0,801; CI95% (0,428– 1,499). There is no education corelation to giving breast feed exclusive  in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom ( p-valuep-value 0,585; RP = 1,190; CI95% (0,763 – 1,857). There is knowledge corelation to giving of Breast feed exclusive in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom ( p-value 0,004; RP = 1,861; CI95% (1,255 – 2,759). There is attitude corelation to giving of Breast feed exclusive in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom ( p-value 0,039; RP = 1,681; CI95% (1,1072 – 2,637). There is health officer support corelation to giving of Breast feed exclusive  in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom p-value 0,001; RP = 2,281; CI95% (1,418 – 3,669).  There is family support corelation to giving of Breast feed exclusive  in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom ( p-value 0,000; RP = 4,076; CI95% (2,216– 7,497). There is cultur social  corelation to giving of Breast feed exclusive  in Public health centre Arso III Sub-Province Keerom ( p-value 0,000; RP = 3,766; CI95% (1,968 – 7,210).


The malposition of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placed fully inside the bile duct may be disastrous, and adjusting the position of a malpositioned stent can be difficult or impossible. Fully-covered SEMSs were designed mainly to treat benign biliary strictures and to be removable [1]. The removal process can however be difficult if the stent is placed fully inside the bile duct. Grasping the end of stent inside the bile duct directly with biopsy forceps may allow metal stents to be easily adjusted or removed. However, the front tip of a biopsy forceps is straight and hard, so access to the bile duct with biopsy forceps is difficult, especially via a native papilla without a sphincterotomy. Here, we present a simple method that facilitates the entry of biopsy forceps into thebile duct. First, a guidewire is deployed into the bile duct. Second, a serrated-edge biopsy forceps is used to grip the guide wire outside the papilla (●" Fig.1a,b), and is then slid into bile duct while still gripping the guide wire (●" Fig.1c). Finally, the forceps is used to grip the metal stent under radiographic guidance and to adjust or remove the stent as required (●" Fig.2). This guide wire-assisted technique for access to the bile duct with biopsy forceps is an extremely effective and simple technique that makes the adjustment and removal of metal stents placed within the bile duct more convenient and safe. Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AR_2AZ


An increasing number of immigrants have become entrepreneurial and many governments expect or hope that the ongoing rise of ethnic entrepreneurship will contribute significantly to the integration of immigrants, to their upward mobility, and to the economic development of the city of residence. In this article we explore the rules, regulations and policy interventions that shape self-employment trajectories in general and those of immigrant ethnic minorities in particular. The article is based on a general inventory of measures to promote ethnic entrepreneurship in 32 European countries, and a somewhat deeper inventory of policies and interventions in 28 European cities. We came across all kinds of measures and interventions and identified certain patterns, but the most striking finding was that such explicit measures and interventions were actually thin on the ground. We conclude this article with a discussion of the structural determinants of this outcome.


Introduction: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) involves sequencing, analysis of protein coding regions in genome. In present investigation, the potential gene variants were identified in human breast cancer genome using WES data analysis. Materials and Method: The NGS data samples with accession numbers (SRR1274896_1, SRR1274896_2) and (SRR1275000_1, SRR1275000_2) were collected from ENA database. The quality of the samples was assessed by using FastQC tool and followed by aligning samples with reference genome sequence hg38 using Bowtie2 tool. The results were retrieved in SAM format and converted to BAM format and then to sorted bam file using SAM tools, then duplicates were removed using Picard tool. Finally, Variant Calling format file was generated using BCF tools which projected the possible gene variants in the samples. Results: The results showed variant types out of them MUC3A1 showed an average of 53 mutations, highlighting its importance as a potential gene variant observed in breast cancer. Out of nonsynonymous mutations of samples, common gene variants in samples that possess 5 and more mutations were selected. The study was carried out on pathway analysis, domain analysis, gene involvement in biological processes and gene function. Conclusion: Majority of gene variants were involved in DNA Biosynthesis and Protein Biosynthesis and also resulted in tissue specific location. The location of these genes showed mutated genes in cytoplasm and in nucleus indicating the impact of gene variation on intracellular process.


We created periodically varying waveforms, which are rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and quasi-sinusoidal waveforms, by using the originally presented equations and we have investigated the effect of waveform on the frequency characteristics by FFT analysis. Under a excitation vibration having a symmetric quasi-sinusoidal waveform, the fundamental frequency of the system and frequencies at its odd numbered cycles appear. The fundamental frequency of the system and its integral-multiple frequencies appear under excitation vibration having an asymmetric quasi-sinusoidal waveform with the peaks shifted to right or left. Under vibration having a quasi-sinusoidal waveform, an angular frequency of 1 appears in addition to the excitation frequency when damping terms are not included, but it does not appear when damping terms are included.


The widespread deployment of Wi-Fi hotspots and wide area cellular networks opens up the exciting possibility of interoperability between these types of networks. Interoperability allows a mobile device to dynamically use the multiple net-work interfaces available to it so as to maximize user satisfaction and system performance. In this paper, we define three basic user profiles for the network users and demonstrate through simulation studies that dynamic switching on the basis of the user profiles of the mobile devices leads to higher network performance and increased user satisfaction. Careful design of pricing, billing and revenue sharing schemes is necessary to ensure the commercial viability of the multiple service providers involved in an inter-operable network setting. Different pricing and revenue sharing schemes are introduced and analyzed using simulation studies. We also demonstrate how load balancing can improve network performance in an inter-operable network.


In this paper we present a case of an 8-year-old immunocompetent boy with acute myocarditis caused probably by concomitant human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) with human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection. The clinical manifestation included flu-like symptoms and fulminant heart failure, which required admission to an intensive care setting. Aggressive supportive heart failure management with administration of inotropes and antiviral and antibacterial treatment were applied. After implementation of therapy, the gradual improvement of heart function and patient's condition was observed and the patient did not require Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support. Two months after the symptoms' onset, the patient was discharged home in a good general condition.


The Nilsson model is combined with the Hill-wheeler definition of nuclear deformations and with the stationarity condition of Yariv et al. to calculate a new deformed basis. The wave functions of this basis are the same for neutrons and for protons, and for all mass numbers. The energy levels depend on Z,A via an isospin- A-dependent scaling factor. This basis is combined with an improved theory of pairing to calculate a new deformed-quasiparticle basis. It is shown that without any adjustment of the model parameters from one nucleus to another, this basis leads to reasonable potential energy surfaces for many even-even nuclei (Mg,Zr,Sm,Er,Os,Hg), and reasonable low energy spectra of /sup 24//sub 12/Mg, /sup 102//sub 40/Zr, and /sup 168//sub 68/Er. The Strutinsky method is used to calculate the potential energy surfaces. A modified Kumar-Baranger method is used to calculate the moments of inertia and the mass parameters, and to solve the collective Schroedinger equation.


I. INTRODUCTION LESTER L. GRABBE Introduction II. ARTICLES HANS M. BARSTAD Can Prophetic Texts Be Dated? Amos 1-2 as an Example EHUD BEN ZVI The House of Omri/Ahab in Chronicles LESTER L. GRABBE The Kingdom of Israel from Omri to the Fall of Samaria: If We Had Only the Bible... ERNST AXEL KNAUF Was Omride Israel a Sovereign State? INGO KOTTSIEPER The Tel Dan Inscription (KAI 310) and the Political Relations between Aram-Damascus and Israel in the First Half of the First Millennium BCE ANDRE LEMAIRE The Mesha Stele and the Omri Dynasty NADAV NA'AMAN Royal Inscription versus Prophetic Story: Mesha's Rebellion according to Biblical and Moabite Historiography HERMANN MICHAEL NIEMANN Royal Samaria - Capital or Residence? or: The Foundation of the City of Samaria by Sargon II DAGMAR PRUIN What Is in a Text? - Searching for Jezebel THOMAS L. THOMPSON A Testimony of the Good King: Reading the Mesha Stele DAVID USSISHKIN Samaria, Jezreel and Megiddo: Royal Centres of Omri and Ahab DAVID A. WARBURTON The Architecture of Israelite Temples III. CONCLUSIONS LESTER L. GRABBE Reflections on the Discussion.


An analytical procedure has been developed that considers the ERTS-1 multispectral scanner as a reflectance spectrophotometer. ADP techniques requiring only very limited computer capability are utilized to search the data defining the spectral reflectance characteristics of a scene on a pixel-by-pixel basis, identify each pixel whose spectral reflectance matches a reference spectrum, and generate maps that identify pixel locations where spectrum matches occur and identify the spectrum that was matched. If the reference spectra are known to represent a specific condition on the ground, a map of the distribution of that condition can be output as a dimensionally accurate overlay to maps of any selected scale. Two applications are described: (1) mapping the distribution of water masses exhibiting specific suspended sediment concentrations; and (2) determining the location and delineation of surface water bodies in the southeastern U. S. The techniques described are being successfully used to map the land area inundated by the 1973 spring flood in the Lower Mississippi River Valley, map sediment distributions in Lake Pontchartrain (in Louisiana) as a result of opening the Bonnet Carre Floodway during the spring flood, and inventory lakes and reservoirs.


The investigation of the structure of finite solvable multiprimitive groups through an induced geometry leads to a classification of finite solvable multiprimitive groups of up to derived length 3 and to a necessary and sufficient geometric condition for when a finite solvable nC-group is multiprimitive. An application is made to finite groups which have all their splitting systems equivalent.


Children of independence usually are captured with the quality of being creative. Modern art, the field of imagination and freedom, if combined with education, would associate the creativity and reason in children's mind, which encourages them to form logical and innovative ideas. Special thinking way will bring children attention and respect from others, which benefits their own independence and pride.


In this paper, the basic theory of neural network introduces the basic concept, development process and application of neural network, analyzes the basic working principle of the network and the relationship between neural network and pattern recognition, and qualitatively demonstrates the basic mechanism of neural network fusion recognition. On the basis of discussing the connotation of current Chinese industrial modernization, a set of 23 specific indicators including industrial system construction, production system construction. The level evaluation index system reveals the regional differentiation characteristics of China's industrial modernization development level. The characteristics of multi-source data have the characteristics of high dimensionality and the shortcomings of the network in solving such problems. Several improved methods of network learning algorithms have been studied.


In the Concurrent Engineering approach, design tasks are conducted parallely differentiating it from more classical, sequential design methods. In a working environment like the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) in Bremen, this design method allows quick decision making, unhindered communication within the design team and efficient data sharing. Outfitted with modern visualization equipment and interlinked computer working stations, the CEF by now has been used for 21 design studies regarding aerospace systems and produced rigid engineering data in these studies lasting from one to two weeks. Answering the 2010 Cosmic Vision call for a medium-sized mission opportunity in ESA's Science Programme for a launch in 2022 the Solar magnetism eXplorer (SolmeX) was proposed under the lead of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research. The overall objectives of the SolmeX mission are to map the magnetic field in the upper atmosphere of the sun from the chromosphere to the corona and to determine the origin and evolution of solar magnetism and its interaction with heliospheric plasma. In comparison to other solar observations with application of an occulter, improvement of the scientific results is achieved by the novel usage of a two spacecraft formation. The first one, the Coronagraph spacecraft (CS) will carry the science payload. The second one, the Occulter spacecraft (OS) will provide an eclipsed view of the Sun for the CS and fly in formation at a distance of approximately 200 m to mitigate diffraction effects and improve the off-limb observational resolution of the mission. The satellite's consistent concept for this proposal was provided by the 18th CE-study of DLR, with consideration of i.e. mission analysis, formation flying, configuration, propulsion, subsystem dimensioning, payload accommodation, budgeting and cost. Besides the design of the two involved spacecraft this CE study was further used to allow observation and evaluation and consequent improvement of DLR's CE process by a team of outside scientists from the University of Luxembourg. In this paper the Concurrent Engineering study regarding the observation of the process and the SolmeX spacecraft design (launch mass about 2100 kg) consisting of the OS and CS, are described. As the most critical aspect of the design is the accurate formation keeping of the two spacecraft, current open design issues will be pointed out in this paper along with the results that underline the mission feasibility and initial cost estimates of under 460 Million Euro.


A 32‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital for repeated ab‐ dominal pain, diarrhea and symptoms of intestinal obstruction caused by invasive abdominal fibromatosis. The patient had been subjected to total colectomy for multiple polyps approximately 3 years previously. Two years later, he was pathologically diag‐ nosed as having abdominal fibromatosis. On December 13, 2016, tumor resection, pancreaticoduodenectomy and small bowel auto‐transplantation were successfully performed with 150 cm of segmental bowel autograft. Eight hours after the procedure, the patient complained of abdominal distention with an increased heart rate.


Book review: Harry Freedman, The Murderous History of Bible Translations: Power, Conflict and the Quest for Meaning (London – Oxford – New York – New Delhi – Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2016). Pp. 248, £ 20. ISBN 978-1-4729-2167-3DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/ba.2018.8.1.07


Objective:To evaluate the long-term effect of laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) in treatment of female patients suffering appendicitis.Methods:The clinical data of 157 female patients with appendicitis during Feb.2004 to Feb.2008 was collected and retrospectively analyzed.73 patients in laparoscopic group accepted LA and 84 patients in control group underwent traditional open appendectomy.The pathology of appendix,postoperative incision infection rate,peritoneal cavity residual abscess,adhesive intestinal obstruction and other complications of 2 groups were compared to evaluate the effect of LA in prevention of pelvic inflammation and infertility.Results:Significant differences were found between the laparoscopic group and control group in incision infection,peritoneal cavity residual abscess,adhesive intestinal obstruction and pelvic inflammation incidence and postoperative hospital stay (P0.05).Conclusions:LA should be proposed to female patients with appendicitis,especially reproductive age women.


ning of modern pulmonary sleep medicine in the late 1970's (apart from some technical modifications) [3–7] . CPAP has proven to be highly effective in normalizing breathing disturbances during sleep, influencing comorbidities, increasing survival and improving clinical symptoms and quality of life [8] . Despite its efficacy, the use of CPAP has some disadvantages. CPAP is a good therapy option for a serious disease and it is both available and broadly accepted, but the fact that it has such utility may discourage investigation and funding of studies into the pathophysiological background of disease, optimization of diagnostics and the search for therapeutical alternatives. This may adversely affect some patient groups, such as those who cannot easily be treated with the standard therapy, who cannot accept the application of positive pressure or interface, and those who could be treated with simpler options due to the lower severity level of their disease. Moreover, the sudden increase in the awareness of sleep-related breathing disorders brought such a high number of patients that the sleep facilities of several health care systems were unable to offer sufficient diagnostics, which continues to be a problem in some areas. Therefore, several research activities have focused not on the understanding of the disease but on the evaluation of simplified diagnostic tools [9] . Unfortunately, simplification of diIn recent decades, the evolution of medical knowledge in several specialties has been amazing. The progress in the understanding of pathophysiological backgrounds has led to great therapeutical advances in intensive care, oncology and transplantation medicine. Also, our insight into the course of pulmonary disease, from asthma and COPD to the interstitial pneumonias, has rapidly increased and urged a paradigm shift in therapeutical approaches [1] . However, in our opinion, there are only a few medical disciplines which have evolved as rapidly as sleep medicine. Not longer than 3 decades ago, sleep-related breathing disorders were almost unknown in pulmonary medicine. There were some reports of tracheostomy as a treatment option for severe breathing disturbances with upper airway obstruction [2] . However, the sleep apnea syndrome only became popular following the publication of Sullivan's historic papers on continuous positive airway pressure treatment (CPAP) [3] . Since then diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea has become an essential part of the daily work of many (if not most) pneumologists. In some countries, patients with sleep apnea constitute one third of the cases seen in pulmonary departments or outpatient settings. In addition, it is fascinating that the optimal treatment, CPAP, has not essentially changed since the beginPublished online: May 14, 2009


The curriculum idea which displays times' spirits is effecting every aspects of education deeply and brings about the inspiring changes.The proposed ideas ,many changes in behaviours are not only limited by teachers and students,but school's manager must choose the new standpoint. In line with the basic purpose,which benefits school's continuous development,"bases on the growth of people","emphasizes on the development of school"and promotes school and people's common development. The school's manager should endow management the new intention and create new conception in order to promote the administrative levels and efficacy further,clear away the barriers in carrying out the curriculum reforms and give further play to it.


With the constant increase of rail traffic, travelling speeds and rail car loads, the use of the appropriate NDT method to assess the integrity of railcar and rail track components is becoming more and more critical. These factors cause increased wear and degradation in railway assets meaning enhanced inspection requirements where optimization of inspection time becomes a crucial factor. EMATs have the ability to perform couplant-free inspection making them ideal for a variety of rail industry applications where the existence of liquids is not convenient or even acceptable having better tolerance to surface conditions and allowing for faster inspection of components without compromising reliability. Recent advances in the development of solutions for inspection of railway components carried out by Innerspec Technologies using EMATs are presented in this document. These include inspection or rail track and rolling stock components using Innerspec ́s portable inspection equipment.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ZEGERID (omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate) Powder for Oral Suspension and Capsules safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for ZEGERID Powder for Oral Suspension and Capsules.


A projective quantum logic in terms of relative states is developed, emphasizing the importance of information transfer between a system under study and its environment. The need for accounting for the historical evolution of system is highlighted and it is found that the conjunction of observations involving conjugate variables can be consistently defined but is found to be non-commutative. It is shown that the Birkhoff and von Neumann approach to quantum logic is unable to deal with such conjunctions. It is found that whilst the proposed scheme is still not distributive in general, the discrepancy is directly related to interference effects that may disappear when information is transferred from the system to its environment. It is argued that the probabilities associated with projections be mapped to an orthocomplemented ternary logic, in which it is shown that the law of the excluded middle still holds.


Recent work has suggested a role for nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) in the propagation of ovarian cancer cell lines, but the significance and mechanism of NF‐κB in ovarian cancer is unknown. The authors hypothesized that the NF‐κB pathway is over activated in aggressive ovarian cancers.


The chemistry of metal phosphonates has been progressing fast with the addition of new materials that possess novel structural features and new properties, occasionally in a cooperative manner. In this paper, we report a new family of functional lanthanide-carboxyphosphonate materials. Specifically, the lanthanide is La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, or Dy and the carboxyphosphonate ligand is 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (H3HPA). All reported LnHPA compounds, Ln3(H0.75O3PCHOHCOO)4·xH2O (x = 15–16), crystallize in the orthorhombic system. Two types of structures were isolated: series I and II polymorphs. For both series, the three-dimensional (3D) open frameworks result from the linkage of similar organo-inorganic layers, in the ac-plane, by central lanthanide cations, which yield trimeric units also found in other metal-HPA hybrids. Large oval-shaped 1D channels are formed by the spatial separation of the layers along the b-axis and filled with lattice water molecules. LnHPA materials undergo remarkable crysta...


Based on the questionnaire reflected on graduate informal learning in Web2. 0 environment,and the analysis of such learning characteristics,an informal self-learning oriented graduate study in Web2. 0 environment is put forward tentatively with a set of collaboration,personalized learning environment,as the basic framework,to promote the research and explore a new self-directed learning mode in an informal learning environment.


A matrix of the EU is proposed, representing normative and market strength, designed to cope with methodological confusion in the definition of integration forms and phases by introducing a three-tier approach: by time-specific criterion (Europe with two or more paces), by area-specific criterion (Europe of the center, Europe of concentric rounds), by sector-specific criterion (Europe of variable geometries; Europe a-la carte). Arguments are given on the adaptive capacity of the concept of "Europe of variable geometries" to the needs of future enlargement of the EU, according to which candidate countries can be full members of the EU not all at once but gradually, depending on their economic performance and political situation. Comparative analysis of scenarios "concentration: the core and the periphery" versus "integration with various paces"; "expanded metropolitanism" versus "polycentrism" is made, which tunes one on pessimistic predictions concerning reconciliation of the ideas about deepening and enlargement of the EU. It is argued that EU enlargement will make EU members abandon efforts for further deepening of integration when further deepening is only feasible through enlargement. The so called costs of solutions and external costs in the context of integration processes within the EU boundaries are specified, which enables to articulate a series of theoretical hypotheses about implications of the existence of enlarged and heterogeneous EU. The author proves the existence of a correlation between the degree of intra-EU heterogeneity, decision making costs and external costs. Risks of the enhanced heterogeneity are analyzed, which raises the problem of increased costs of independence. It is assumed that in the existing context the EU faces the risk of being regarded "too large". By analyzing controversies between the deepening and the enlargement, the author seeks to answer a fundamental question on whether or not the rules can be changed in order to reconcile external costs and decision making costs in a balanced way.


This paper presents data on the atmospheric circulation of Venus, obtained by the Mariner 10 (1974) and Pioneer (1979-1986) observations. The results yielded evidence of relatively stable zonal circulation at the cloud level. On the other hand, changes on a yearly time scale appear in both the zonal and the meridional components of motion. Solar thermal tides and large-scale planetary waves are also seen in averaged zonal and meridional cloud motions. The relationship between the large-scale circulation and global cloud structure is discussed.


The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and beliefs of art therapists towards Evidence-Based Practices (EBP). EBP is a rising trend in healthcare that refers to the process of using empirically validated research to make clinical decisions that best meet the needs of each client (Patterson, Miller, Carnes & Wilson, 2004). The investigators used a mixed methods approach to the research topic. Part A consists of a survey distributed to graduates of the Department of Marital and Family Therapy (MFT) at Loyola Marymount University (LMU). In addition to answering questions, survey participants were asked to create an art response depicting their perspective on the relationship between art therapy and EBP. In the second phase (Part B), the researchers used an arts-based methodology to further explore the findings from Part A. Part B involved the creation of key idea cards pulled from the literature review and the findings, individual art responses by each investigator, and verbal and written analyses of the content and process. The idea that art therapists are already integrating EBP and art therapy in their practices emerged as the major finding of the research. This realization that clinicians are already at the intersection of EBP and art therapy was a contrast to the cautious divided attitudes that were discovered in the literature review. Further research could not only strengthen the evidence base of art therapy, but also illuminate how exactly therapists have managed to bridge the gap between EBP and art therapy.


The invention relates to an FPGA-based configurable-coefficient filter. The FPGA-based configurable-coefficient filter is connected to an external MCU, and coefficients of the filter are updated through the external MCU. The filter comprises a control logic with a coefficient read address line and a data read and write address line, a plurality of coefficient memorizers arranged in parallel and used for storing the filtering coefficients, and a plurality of sample data memorizers, wherein filtering coefficients in each coefficient memorizer are mutually arranged in a serial manner, the filtering coefficients of the coefficient memorizers are connected end to end, the coefficient memorizers are coupled with the control logic and the external MCU, and form channels for updating of the coefficients of the filter with the external MCU, and updated coefficient address lines are arranged in the channels for updating of the coefficients of the filter; each coefficient memorizer and each sample data memorizer are coupled with the corresponding multiplier of a plurality of multipliers, and the multipliers are connected to an accumulator; under the control of the control logic, a filtering operation result is output by a trigger. According to the filter provided by the invention, the processing speed is increased.


For those of us seeing patients with chronic cough, there is one great advantage in comparison with other specialities dealing with recurrent symptoms such as migraine, chronic pain, and psychiatric conditions. We can measure cough. There are possibilities and obstacles to the use of objective cough monitoring in real-world practice. Advances in technology will overcome the difficulties and continuous real-time cough monitoring will then provide a valuable tool in cough management. https://bit.ly/3lu5cfk


Objective To analyze the value of the single aperture thoracoscope surgery operation in chest surgery.Methods Choose 69 cases with breast disease patients treated at our hospital,random composition observation group of 35 cases,control group of 34 cases,observation group were treated by single aperture thoracoscope surgery operation treatment,the control group with normal operation aperture thoracoscope surgery treatment,compared two groups of patients the incidence of postoperative complications and quality of life after treatment.Results Two groups of patients in the intraoperative blood loss,operative time,extubation time,postoperative hospitalization time had no significant difference(P0.05).Observation group of patients was significantly lower than control group in the incidence of postoperative complications(P0.05).Quality of life scores of observation group was obviously higher than that of control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The single aperture thoracoscope surgery treatment of chest disease is safe and scientific,is worth popularization and application in clinic.


With the spread of Corona virus l spreading to the uncertainty of society, consumers request more active social responsibility programs. In other words, it is manifest that corporate brands are required to pursue the public interests. Consumers go beyond the corporate social responsibility programs and support corporate's involvement to solve the social problems and they consume the brand accordingly. Thus, the companies respond to the consumers' request as a form of brand activism, or the new social marketing form in which the companies set the brand as an individual and seek the solutions of social issues. In this study, five experienced experts in the area were recruited to conduct in-depth interviews and how brand activism was practiced worldwide. The results reveal that brand activism is actively practiced with the support of consumers in the area of support for the small business, anti-racism efforts, gender diversity and equality, and sustainability. ■ keyword :∣Corona Pandemic∣Corporate Social Responsibility∣Brand Activism∣Experts Interview∣ Case Studies∣ 접수일자 : 2021년 08월 18일 수정일자 : 2021년 09월 16일 심사완료일 : 2021년 09월 30일 교신저자 : 이철한, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 브랜드 액티비즘의 구현방식 연구: 브랜드 담당자의 심층 인터뷰를 중심으로 195


SUMMARY

The Heaviside response of an incompressible viscous half-space is compared to that of a viscoelastic half-space that may or may not be compressible elastically. It will be shown that the difference between viscous and viscoelastic response is detectable from uplift data provided that the age of the data goes back far enough. It is also possible to resolve, using the post-glacial rebound data, whether the viscous model or the viscoelastic model is preferred provided that the ice model is better constrained. Moreover, the rate of solid-fluid transition is wavenumber (k) dependent and the transition is not as rapid nor as small as was previously predicted. Finally, the advection of pre-stress is shown to be required in viscoelastic deformation problems of the earth and that it is responsible for viscoelastic gravitational relaxation.


ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) laboratory colonies derived from collections in China, northern Vietnam, Pakistan, and a mixed colony from Taiwan and southern Vietnam was evaluated using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, ITS-2, and the 5′ end of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The strains share the same ITS sequence, consistent with the morphological hypothesis that the collections represent a single species. The COI marker was variable and could distinguish the northern Vietnam and Pakistan colonies from each other and from the other colonies. Comparison of COI sequences from field-collected populations of Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Texas indicates that Florida is not a likely source of the introduction into Puerto Rico but is a likely source of the introduction into Texas.


Around mid last century, atmospheric radiation research unfolded from the pyrheliometric work of the beginning of the century into the investigation of atmospheric scattering and emission/absorption processes. The amalgamated results of detailed research in these areas enabled a fresh view at the Earth's radiation budget. The newly developed remote sensing techniques provided additional data which for the first time densely cover the whole globe. Powerful computers which became available nearly at the same time allowed to build complex radiative transfer models and to integrate radiation schemes into general circulation models. The paper sketches these developments and the role which the International Radiation Commission of IAMAS/IUGG, which was re‐constituted in 1948, played in these activities.


35S-(5′-Deoxyadenosine-5′)-L-methionine (35S-adenosylmethionine, C15H23N6O5S+) has been isolated in useful amounts from yeast cells which were cultivated in a medium containing 35SO—-4. Procedures for purification and analysis are reported.


The Alt Right Are Not Alright
Academic explorations complicating both the Internet and whiteness have often focussed on the rise of the "alt-right" to examine the co-option of digital technologies to extend white supremacy (Daniels, "Cyber Racism"; Daniels, "Algorithmic Rise"; Nagle). The term "alt-right" refers to media organisations, personalities, and sarcastic Internet users who promote the "alternative right", understood as extremely conservative, political views online. The alt-right, in all of their online variations and inter-grouping, are infamous for supporting white supremacy online, "characterized by heavy use of social media and online memes. Alt-righters eschew 'establishment' conservatism, skew young, and embrace white ethnonationalism as a fundamental value" (Southern Poverty Law Center). Theoretical studies of the alt-right have largely focussed on its growing presence across social media and websites such as Twitter, Reddit, and notoriously "chan" sites 4chan and 8chan, through the political discussions referred to as "threads" on the site (Nagle; Daniels, "Algorithmic Rise"; Hawley). As well, the ability of online users to surpass national boundaries and spread global white supremacy through the Internet has also been studied (Back et al.). The alt-right have found a home on the Internet, using its features to cunningly recruit members and to establish a growing community that mainstream politically extreme views (Daniels, "Cyber Racism"; Daniels, "Algorithmic Rise; Munn).
This body of knowledge shows that academics have been able to produce critically relevant literature regarding the alt-right despite the online anonymity of the majority of its members. For example, Conway et al., in their analysis of the history and social media patterns of the alt-right, follow the unique nature of the Christchurch Massacre, encompassing the use and development of message boards, fringe websites, and social media sites to champion white supremacy online. Positioning my research in this literature, I am interested in contributing further knowledge regarding the alt-right, white supremacy, and the Internet by exploring the sinister conducting of Zoom-bombing anti-racist events. Here, I will investigate how white supremacy through the Internet can lead to violence, abuse, and fear that "transcends the virtual world to damage real, live humans beings" via Zoom-bombing, an act that is situated in a larger co-option of the Internet by the alt-right and white supremacists, but has been under theorised as a hate crime (Daniels; "Cyber Racism" 7).
Shitposting
I want to preface this chapter by acknowledging that while I understand the Internet, through my own external investigations of race, power and the Internet, as a series of entities that produce racial violence both online and offline, I am aware of the use of the Internet to frame, discuss, and share anti-racist activism. Here we can turn to the work of philosopher Michel de Certeau who conceived the idea of a "tactic" as a way to construct a space of agency in opposition to institutional power. This becomes a way that marginalised groups, such as racialised peoples, can utilise the Internet as a tactical material to assert themselves and their non-compliance with the state. Particularly, shitposting, a tactic often associated with the alt-right, has also been co-opted by those who fight for social justice and rally against oppression both online and offline. As Roderick Graham explores, the Internet, and for this exploration, shitposting, can be used to proliferate deviant and racist material but also as a "deviant" byway of oppositional and anti-racist material.
Despite this, a lot can be said about the invisible yet present claims and support of whiteness through Internet and digital technologies, as well as the activity of users channelled through these screens, such as the alt-right and their digital tactics. As Vikki Fraser remarks, "the internet assumes whiteness as the norm – whiteness is made visible through what is left unsaid, through the assumption that white need not be said" (120). It is through the lens of white privilege and claims to white supremacy that online irony, by way of shitposting, is co-opted and understood as an inherently alt-right tool, through the deviance it entails. Their sinister co-option of shitposting bolsters audacious claims as to who has the right to exist, in their support of white identity, but also hides behind a veil of mischief that can hide their more insidious intention and political ideologies.
The alt-right have used "shitposting", an online style of posting and interacting with other users, to create a form of online communication for a translocal identity of white nationalist members. Sean McEwan defines shitposting as "a form of Internet interaction predicated upon thwarting established norms of discourse in favour of seemingly anarchic, poor quality contributions" (19). Far from being random, however, I argue that shitposting functions as a discourse that is employed by online communities to discuss, proliferate, and introduce white supremacist ideals among their communities as well as into the mainstream. In the course of this article, I will introduce racist Zoom-bombing as a tactic situated in shitposting which can be used as a means of white supremacist discourse and an attempt to block anti-racist efforts. By this line, the function of discourse as one "to preserve or to reproduce discourse (within) a closed community" is calculatingly met through shitposting, Zoom-bombing, and more overt forms of white supremacy online (Foucault 225-226).
Using memes, dehumanisation, and sarcasm, online white supremacists have created a means of both organising and mainstreaming white supremacy through humour that allows insidious themes to be mocked and then spread online. Foucault writes that "in every society the production of discourse is at once controlled, selected, organised and redistributed according to a certain number of procedures, whose role is to avert its powers and danger, to cope with chance events, to evade ponderous, awesome materiality" (216). As Philippe-Joseph Salazar recontextualises to online white supremacists, "the first procedure of control is to define what is prohibited, in essence, to set aside that which cannot be spoken about, and thus to produce strategies to counter it" (137). By this line, the alt-right reorganises these procedures and allocates a checked speech that will allow their ideas to proliferate in like-minded and growing communities.
As a result, online white supremacists becoming a "community of discourse" advantages them in two ways: first, ironic language permits the mainstreaming of hate that allows sinister content to enter the public as the severity of their intentions is doubted due to the sarcastic language employed. Second, shitposting is employed as an entry gate to more serious and dangerous participation with white supremacist action, engagement, and ideologies. It is important to note that white privilege is embodied in these discursive practices as despite this exploitation of emerging technologies to further white supremacy, there are approaches that theorise the alt-right as "crazed product(s) of an isolated, extremist milieu with no links to the mainstream" (Moses 201). In this way, it is useful to consider shitposting as an informal approach that mirrors legitimised white sovereignties and authorised white supremacy. The result is that white supremacist online users succeed in "not only in assembling a community of actors and a collective of authors, on the dual territory of digital communication and grass-roots activism", but also shape an effective fellowship of discourse that audiences react well to online, encouraging its reception and mainstreaming (Salazar 142).
Continuing, as McBain writes, "someone who would not dream of donning a white cap and attending a Ku Klux Klan meeting might find themselves laughing along to a video by the alt-right satirist RamZPaul". This idea is echoed in a leaked stylistic guide by white supremacist website and message board the Daily Stormer that highlights irony as a cultivated mechanism used to draw new audiences to the far right, step by step (Wilson). As showcased in the screen capture below of the stylistic guide, "the reader is at first drawn in by curiosity or the naughty humor and is slowly awakened to reality by repeatedly reading the same points" (Feinburg). The result of this style of writing is used "to immerse recruits in an online movement culture built on memes, racial panic and the worst of Internet culture" (Wilson).

Figure 1: A screenshot of the Daily Stormer's playbook, expanding on the stylistic decisions of alt-right writers.
Racist Zoom-Bombing
In the timely text "Racist Zoombombing", Lisa Nakamura et al. write the following:

Zoombombing is more than just trolling; though it belongs to a broad category of online behavior meant to produce a negative reaction, it has an intimate connection with online conspiracy theorists and white supremacy … . Zoombombing should not be lumped into the larger category of trolling, both because the word "trolling" has become so broad it is nearly meaningless at times, and because zoombombing is designed to cause intimate harm and terrorize its target in distinct ways. (30)

Notwithstanding the seriousness of Zoom-bombing, and to not minimise its insidiousness by understanding it as a form of shitposting, my article seeks to reiterate the seriousness of shitposting, which, in the age of COVID-19, Zoom-bombing has become an example of. I seek to purport the insidiousness of the tactical strategies of the alt-right online in a larger context of white violence online. Therefore, I am proposing a more critical look at the tactical use of the Internet by the alt-right, in theorising shitposting and Zoom-bombing as means of hate crimes wherein they impose upon an


Inhibition of spontaneous apoptosis and upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 define clinical prognosis in B-CLL. However, increasing evidence exists that disease progression (DP) relies upon a proliferating pool of cells in lymph nodes and bone marrow which might feed the accumulating pool in the blood. Moreover, unmutated immunoglobulin VH genes predict for a rapid DP and an inferior overall survival. Unmutated B-CLL cells express ZAP-70 protein kinase associated with an early DP risk. The availability both of rapamycin or proteasome inhibitors effective against proliferating cells and bcl-2 targeting drugs incited us to evaluate the impact of proliferation and apoptosis pathways on B-CLL prognosis. The primary aims of our study were: 1) to determine progression-free survival (PFS) upon apoptosis/proliferation and ZAP-70 expression; 2) whether apoptosis/proliferation could predict varied outcome within ZAP-70 subgroups; and finally 3) whether ZAP-70 and apoptosis/proliferation were independent prognostic factors. Therefore, we investigated 249 pts, median age 64 years, almost all belonging to the intermediate Rai stage. ZAP-70 was quantified by a multicolor flow cytometric method. Bcl-2 (Bcl-2B/T) was determined dividing mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD19+B-CLL cells by MFI of T-cells. CD71 was used as a measure of proliferation in percentage. Combining Bcl-2B/T with CD71 (Bcl2CD71) we enucleated three subgroups: 1) Bcl2CD71- [low proliferation (CD71 8%) and low apoptosis (Bcl-2B/T>1.6)]; and 3) Bcl2CD71+/− [low proliferation/low apoptosis or high proliferation/high apoptosis]. ZAP-70+ B-CLL pts were 87/249 (35%). We found significant associations either between lower ZAP-70 and lower Bcl-2B/T (p=0.0008) or lower ZAP-70 and Bcl2CD71- (p=0.0007), showing that low ZAP-70 levels were characterized by high apoptosis and low proliferation. With regard to clinical outcome, a significant shorter PFS was observed in ZAP-70+ pts (6% vs 58% at 12 years; p<0.00001) and in Bcl2CD71+ pts (10% vs 56% at 12 years; p<0.00001). The Bcl2CD71+/− subgroup showed an intermediate outcome (30% at 12 years). To further explore the prognostic impact of Bcl2CD71 index, we investigated its expression within ZAP-70+ (87) and ZAP-70 negative (162) pts. As a matter of fact, Bcl2CD71 index was not able to identify different prognosic subsets within ZAP-70+ pts, because all these cases presented a similar short PFS. On the contrary, Bcl2CD71 clearly identified two subsets at different PFS within the ZAP-70 negative subgroup (73% for Bcl2CD71- pts vs 29% for Bcl2CD71+ pts at 12 years, p=0.00007). In multivariate analysis of PFS, ZAP-70 resulted to be the strongest indipendent prognostic factor (p=0.00002). However, the apoptotic/proliferative index Bcl2CD71 was very useful to identify our pts at different PFS within the ZAP-70 negative subgroup. In conclusion, ZAP-70 negative B-CLL represents a large and clinically heterogeneous population with a variable DP and the determination of the amount of apoptosis combined with the proliferation, could allow us both to distinguish early progressive pts and to take timely therapeutic decisions.


We propose a radiation-hardened library cell template based on a 65nm CMOS process for the development of a radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) cell library for space and satellite (S&S) applications. The proposed library cell template adheres to the fixed-height variable-width standard cell approach, and is designed to inherently embody a number of RHBD techniques at the device- and layout-level to mitigate the radiation effects. We further design a test circuitry embodying several library cells based on the RHBD template for total ionizing dose (TID) irradiation testing. With the test circuitry, we show that our RHBD library cells experience insignificant delay effects at TID dosage up to 500Krad, VDD = 0.9V-1.4V. The irradiating tests provide concrete experimental data that verify the robustness of our proposed RHBD cell template and the ensuing design methodologies (including library development) for S&S electronics.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide better understanding of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems adoption, as well as non‐adoption practices in a less developed country setting, namely Bahrain.Design/methodology/approach – A survey method was employed to elicit opinions from IT executives from two types of companies: those which adopted ERP systems and those which so far have not.Findings – The study highlighted the benefits, motives and barriers of implementing such systems. Moreover, for those which have not experienced these practices before, it investigated the reasons behind not implementing these systems, executives' attitudes, and future intentions towards these systems. Implications and insights for businesses, ERP systems' vendors, educators, and researchers have been discussed based on the results of the survey.Originality/value – This study extends research efforts concerning the adoption of ERP systems to include strategic and decision‐making aspects of evaluation, which ha...


We consider optimal anonymous consumption taxes in situations where the magnitude of an externality varies with individuals who cause it. For instance, urban fuel consumers generate greater pollution damages compared to rural consumers, but both groups are subjected to the same fuel tax. We provide a condition for the validity of the targeting principle, where external concerns are only addressed through the tax imposed on the commodity responsible for the externality. When this condition holds, one can separate the equity/efficiency and environmental components of this tax. An illustration suggests that Pigovian considerations would explain most of the fuel tax in France.


In the paper research on the institutional environment of infrastructure is carried out on the example of transportation and architectural complexes of infrastructure for population living conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. A modification of the well-known method of economic analysis of regulations is used as a research tool which is supplemented with a special algorithm based on a combination of neo-institutional and system-reproduction approaches. As a result the trends of relevant institutional change are revealed.


In this paper, we propose a new shared task called HOO: Helping Our Own. The aim is to use tools and techniques developed in computational linguistics to help people writing about computational linguistics. We describe a text-to-text generation scenario that poses challenging research questions, and delivers practical outcomes that are useful in the first case to our own community and potentially much more widely. Two specific factors make us optimistic that this task will generate useful outcomes: one is the availability of the ACL Anthology, a large corpus of the target text type; the other is that CL researchers who are non-native speakers of English will be motivated to use prototype systems, providing informed and precise feedback in large quantity. We lay out our plans in detail and invite comment and critique with the aim of improving the nature of the planned exercise.


Objectives: The present study attempted to evaluate the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in singleton term pregnancy.
Methods: We carried out this prospective, case-control study at a Training and Research Hospital in Türkiye between May 2021 and January 2023. We utilized ultrasonography to assess singleton pregnancy with FGR between 37-40 weeks of gestation and considered the patients' last menstrual periods (LMD).
Results: We recruited 250 pregnant women in the study and divided them into the FGR (n = 125) and healthy control (n = 125) groups. Our findings revealed no significant difference between the groups by age, body mass index (BMI), stillbirth history, abortion, tobacco use, and regular pregnancy monitoring (p > 0.05). Fetal birth weights and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were also similar between the groups. Yet, 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores were significantly lower in the FGR group than in the control group. In addition, compared to the healthy subjects, the FGR group had significantly increased white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet counts and NLR and PLR values, but mean platelet volume (MPV) remained similar.
Conclusions: In a nutshell, our findings suggested that two noteworthy inflammatory markers, NLR and PLR, are likely to elevate in the presence of FGR.


Context. The analysis and interpretation of the H2 line emission from planetary nebulae have been done in the literature by assuming that the molecule survives only in regions where the hydrogen is neutral, as in photodissociation, neutral clumps, or shocked regions. However, there is strong observational and theoretical evidence that at least part of the H2 emission is produced inside the ionized region of these objects. Aims. The aim of the present work is to calculate and analyze the infrared line emission of H2 produced inside the ionized region of planetary nebulae using a one-dimensional photoionization code. Methods. The photoionization code Aangaba was improved in order to calculate the statistical population of the H2 energy levels, as well as the intensity of the H2 infrared emission lines in the physical conditions typical of planetary nebulae. A grid of models was obtained and the results then analyzed and compared with the observational data. Results. We show that the contribution of the ionized region to the H2 line emission can be important, particularly in the case of nebulae with high-temperature central stars. This result explains why H2 emission is more frequently observed in bipolar planetary nebulae (Gatley's rule), since this kind of object typically has hotter stars. Collisional excitation plays an important role in populating the rovibrational levels of the electronic ground state of H2 molecules. Radiative mechanisms are also important, particularly for the upper vibrational levels. Formation pumping can have minor effects on the line intensities produced by de-excitation from very high rotational levels, especially in dense and dusty environments. We included the effect of the H2 molecule on the thermal equilibrium of the gas, concluding that, in the ionized region, H2 only contributes to the thermal equilibrium in the case of a very high temperature of the central star or a high dust-to-gas ratio, mainly through collisional de-excitation.


This paper presents a novel design methodology for architecting a light-weight and faster DNN architecture for vision applications. The effectiveness of the architecture is demonstrated on Color-Constancy (Auto White Balance) use case, an inherent block in camera and imaging pipelines. Specifically, we present a multi-branch architecture that disassembles the contextual featuresand color properties from an image, and later combines them to predict a global property (e.g. Global Illumination). We also propose an implicit regularization technique by designing a cross-branch regularization block that enables the network to retain high generalization accuracy. With a conservative use of best computational operators, the proposed architecture achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with 30X less model parameters and 70X faster inference time for color constancy. It is also demonstrated that the proposed architecture achieves similar efficiency in case of other low-level image restoration problems such as Low-Light enhancement.


The South Dakota Public Utilities Commission is authorized by statute to regulate gas and electric utilities. The Commission consists of three elected commissioners each of whom serves for a six year term. The Commissioners are elected by district and each must, at the time of election, be a resident of the district from which he has been elected. Each Commissioner must reside in the state capital and devote his entire time to the duties of his office. The Commission is part of the Department of Commerce and Consumer Protection. Municipal power to regulate privately owned electric and gas public utilities was terminated in 1975. A municipally-owned electric utility has the authority to regulate the sale, use, and rates of electric power and energy which it provides. The Commission has no authority to regulate steam, heat, and refrigeration systems; that power resides in cities. Public utility regulatory statutes, energy facility siting programs, and municipal franchising authority are examined to identify how they may impact on the ability of an organization, whether or not it be a regulated utility, to construct and operate an ICES.


We present a method for the separation and resynthesis of drum sources from single channel polyphonic mixtures. The frequency domain technique involves identifying the presence of a drum using a novel percussive feature detection function, after which the short-time magnitude spectrum is estimated and scaled according to an estimated time-amplitude function derived from the percussive measure. In addition to producing high quality separation results, the method we describe is also a useful pre-process for drum transcription techniques such as Prior Subspace Analysis in the presence of pitched instruments. Keywords-Audio, Signal Processing, Source Separation, Drum.


Background: Coronary artery disease is a major worldwide health issue of immense scope. It is the biggest cause of death and illness in both male and female all over the globe. Objective:  To assess the "prevalence of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome having normal ECG. Methodology:  The current study was cross sectional carried out at the department of cardiology, Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex Nowshera. The duration of study was one years from January 2021 to January 2022. The proforma created for this research was then filled out with the requireds information. The SPSS version 24.0 was used to input and analyze the data. Results: In our research, totally 150 patients were included. The male patients in our study were 97 (64.67%) while female participants were 53 (35.33%). The prevalence of Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome having normal ECG was 37 (24.67%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of "non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction" in patients with acute coronary syndrome having normal ECG was high.


One kind of window reveal kit may include windows, a first connecting means and at least one reveal trim. The window having a frame portion outside of, and around the inner periphery of the window. The first connection means may be formed in the frame portion on the inside of the window. The at least one window reveal trim means may have a second connection, said second connection means is configured to engage the first connecting means, so that reveal trim extends from the first attachment means.


This paper evaluates the performance of some major Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms like Hyv ̈arinen's fixed point algorithm, Pearson based ICA algorithm and OGWE (Optimized Generalized Weighted Estimator) ICA algorithm in a biomedical blind source separation problem. Independent signals representing Fetal ECG (FECG) and Maternal ECG (MECG) generated and then mixed linearly to simulate a recording of electrocardiogram. While ICA has been used to extract FECG, very little literature is available on its performance in clinical environment. So there is a need to evaluate performance of these algorithms in Biomedical. To quantify the performance of ICA algorithms, different samples values of simulated maternal and fetal ECG investigated. ICA algorithms separation performances are measured by performance index. This paper reports on the performance of the ICA algorithms.


Meta‐analyses of 33 studies were conducted to examine (1) how much the combination of taking and reviewing notes contributes to school learning, and (2) whether interventions in the note‐taking/‐reviewing procedure enhance note‐taking/‐reviewing effects, and if so, how much and under what conditions. Syntheses of findings from note‐taking/‐reviewing versus no note‐taking/‐reviewing comparison studies indicated that the overall effects of note‐taking/‐reviewing were substantial. The advantage of note‐taking with intervention over without intervention was modest but significantly greater than zero. This intervention effect was moderated by two variables: presence of provided notes and academic level of participants. Providing a framework or instructor's notes was more effective in the enhancement of note‐taking/‐reviewing effects than pre‐training or verbal instruction only. The participants at lower academic levels gained greater benefits from interventions compared with the participants at a higher academic level.


In this paper, we explain how our research on applications for chronic care domain problems has uncovered challenges and opportunities in the design and development of collaborative applications. Specifically, we discuss projects focused on care of the elderly, children with special needs, and individuals with diabetes. Background and Motivation Growing awareness of the changing world demographic and increasing proportion of older population is leading to a blossom of computing applications that support healthcare. These applications span a spectrum from the more traditional support of medical professionals in acute care centers, such as hospitals, to the growing attention to supporting individuals suffering from long-term chronic ailments at their homes. Acute healthcare centers have long become an important area of study from the perspective of cooperation and inspired in-depth investigations in the field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work [27]. On the other hand, the appreciation of the chronic care environments as an inherently collaborative activity, while growing, is still nascent [8, 13, 25]. Over the past several years, each of us has engaged in research agendas focused on elder care, care for children with specials needs, or support of individuals with diabetes respectively. This work has covered a large spectrum of human-computer interaction research, from exploratory, ethnographic work to deployment and evaluation of full systems. These research projects were not initially motivated by the ideas about collaborative work. However, through the investigations, each set of researchers independently reached the same conclusion: chronic care is an inherently collaborative effort and applications that support it need to reflect its intricate cooperative nature. Both individuals providing care and those receiving it face significant challenges in coordinating care, sharing information, and communicating within a sometimes very large network of caregivers. Furthermore, although these caregivers usually each share a common goal of providing the best care possible, they often have other different and sometimes conflicting goals and priorities. Our research in the design of applications for a variety of chronic care environments has uncovered both challenges and opportunities for collaborative applications for chronic care management. We focused these projects on supporting familial caregivers of the elderly and aging in place, professional and informal caregivers of children with autism, and professional and self-care for patients with diabetes. Through this examination of chronic care, we have formulated two research questions: How do the underlying technologies of existing chronic care applications need to change to support usage by a group of people? How do the practices, approaches, and theories in CSCW need to be adjusted to transition from work practices into such areas as home technologies and, specifically, chronic care at home? In this paper, we describe the conditions on which we have focused to provide the reader with sufficient background in the domain problems. We also describe the similarities of the chronic care management problem across these conditions. We then describe the networks of caregivers, including the patient or student in the center, for each of these conditions again with an eye towards the commonalities that can provide some indication of parallel system needs. We then recount the technologies developed by us and by others for addressing some of the problems within these domains. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the design considerations for technologies to support chronic care and how the group of caregivers supporting these students and patients directly and particularly influences these considerations.


Abstract JETRT is a framework of real-time software and simulation tools designed to help development of control systems in the JET fusion experiment environment. The main design choice is the complete separation of the target application from the hardware and plant interfaces. This architecture has been designed to maximize the reusability and to standardize the software development cycle of real-time control systems. Thanks to this design choice development costs have been reduced and even non-specialist programmers can easily contribute to a real-time project. JETRT also provides a set of powerful debugging and testing tools, some of them well integrated with the Matlab environment. This feature allows to reduce significantly the time spent on the plant for the commissioning of a new control system.


For a kind of salable goods,supply chain model of vendor management inventory(VMI)is established,on the basis of definite demand and a ready source of initial stock,but in short supply now.Then,this paper firstly deduces the optimum inventory replenishment quantities and profit function of each member under three supply chain contracts:non-coordination,integrated control,and VMI,and the implementation of VMI is proved that the profit of vendor may decrease.After that,VMI quantity discounts contract under symmetric and asymmetric information is designed by principal-agent theory.Finally,a numeric exapmple illustrates this coordination strategy is conductive in the implementation of VMI.


Multi-robot systems (MRS) are sets of intelligent and autonomous mobile robots that are assumed to cooperate in order to carry out collective missions (Arai, Pagello, & Parker, 2002; Cao, Fukunaga, & Kahng, 1997; Rocha, Dias, & Carvalho, 2005). Due to the expendability of individual robots, MRS may substitute humans in risky scenarios (Maimone et al., 1998; Mataric & Sukhatme, 2001; Parker, 1998; Thrun et al. 2003). In other scenarios, they may relieve people from collective tasks that are intrinsically monotonous and repetitive. MRS are the solution to automate missions that are either inherently distributed in time, space, or functionality. MRS involve the distribution of sensors, computation power and mission-relevant information. This inherent distribution is both an opportunity and a challenge. On one hand, it endows MRS with interesting features, such as space and time distribution, managing complexity through distribution, distribution of risk and increased robustness (Arkin & Balch, 1998). On the other hand, these potential advantages and their utility are to a greater extent dependent on the effective cooperation among robots when performing some collective mission (Rocha, 2005). Since information is intrinsically distributed, cooperation requires, in turn, efficiently sharing information through communication (Rocha et al., 2005). A method for efficiently sharing information within a MRS is herein presented, which is based on an information utility criterion (Rocha et al., 2005). This concept is illustrated on MRS whose mission is to build cooperatively volumetric maps.


dures should be standardized and professional. 3. Untenured women faculty should be protected from being overburdened by service assignments. 4. Department chairs should prevent bias from entering the review process through the interpretation of vitae, the reading of letters of recommendation, the treatment of coauthored research, the devaluing of women reviewers, and the devaluation of women and politics research. 5. Universities and departments should adopt family leave policies.


The City has had a 'No Smoking' policy since 1995. This 'No Smoking' policy relates to Council buildings and Council property. In particular, the City's employee handbook states, 'The City is a smoke-free workplace; therefore, there is a total ban on smoking on or in City property by employees. This includes both Council and non-Council property while on duty'. The State's Tobacco Control Act only impacts upon the Council's policy in relation to enclosed public buildings. The recent amendments to the Tobacco Act banned smoking in licensed public buildings - extending the original legislation, which prohibited smoking in enclosed public buildings where food and beverages are consumed. 2) Have the policies changed since the recent changes to the Tobacco Products Control Act and will council be reviewing their smoking policies? The City's policy has not changed. The new Tobacco Control Act is consistent with the Council's policy, so there is no current need for a review at this time. It could be anticipated that when a complaint is received, City Environmental Health Officers would investigate and take appropriate action under this legislation. Since the new legislation has been introduced, the City has received a few enquiries and has provided guidance to proprietors. The City does not have a policy in respect to smoking in public places, however, is required to enforce State Government health regulations.