Abstract : The solution of problems of flight dynamics requires the aerodynamic forces, which are called into play, to be expressed in a suitable form. In this context a suitable form is one which adequately reflects the nature of the motion being considered and is, at the same time, convenient for the solution of the equations of motion. In the opening sections of this paper formulation in terms of aerodynamic derivatives, and generalizations thereof, are considered. There follows a brief discussion in broad and simple physical terms of how the various motion variables give rise to forces and moments, which within a linearized framework are expressible as force or moment derivatives, specifically for an aeroplane. (Author)


This paper examines the ideological construction of globalization in two types of genres: newspaper Opinion-Editorial articles and political economic speeches in China Daily newspaper. The paper discusses how discourse and ideology are interconnected in texts on globalization, especially the global economy. As a result of the textual and sociological analysis, the paper identifies two central interrelated ideologies in the discourse of globalization: new capitalism and neoliberalism. These political economic ideologies are construed linguistically through vocabulary and socially through universalization. From a macro sociological perspective, the analysis implies that social-Darwinist survival of the fittest is inevitable in global economic affairs.


The paper gives a short up-to-date account of the theoretical and practical investigations that have been carried out during the past 21/2 years into the possibility of supplying the ±160 MW magnet pulse of the 300 GeV accelerator directly from the "mains".


version of (3b), without the contextual restriction (adjacent to a subject NP). A transformational movement rule consists of an elementary operation (substitution or adjunction) that can be further specified in terms of a structural description and a structural change. The structural description indicates the special properties of a phrase-marker to which the elementary operation applies, and the structural change indicates how the elementary operation modifies the phrase-marker. The elementary operation is part of universal grammar (UG). Any language whose grammar involves movement operations involves one of these elementary operations. The structural description of a transformation is a language-specific condition on the application of the elementary. Current syntactic theory has dropped the statement of these language-specific structural descriptions from the formulation of transformational rules because it has been shown that the behavior of transformations can be accounted for in terms of more general conditions on the output and application of elementary operations conditions that are also part of UG. From this perspective, rule (4) is just an instance of the general rule (5):


Objective To explore the distribution of concomitant exotropia.Design Retrospective case series.Participant 1161 patients with concomitant exotropia.Method Statistical analysis was performed preoperatively on 1161 patients with concomitant exotropia about the distribution of concomitant exotropia,corrected vision and exotropia deviations.Main Outcome Measure Distribution of concomitant exotropia,corrected vision and exotropia deviations.Result Of the 1161 patients with concomitant exotropia, 470 patients(40.48%)had intermittent exotropia;258 patients(22.22%)had constant exotropia;166 patients(14.30%)had sensory exotropia;38 patients(3.27%)had residual exotropia;2 patients(0.17%)had consecutive exotropia;227 patients(19.55%)were combined with vertical strabismus and 2 patients(0.17%)had congenital exotropia.37.24% of intermittent exotropia and 77.55% of constant exotropia had large angle exotropia(>60~△).In 94.97% of all concomitant exotropia,the visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were≥1.0 except for sensory exotropia.Among the patients with ametropia 85.36% were myopic.Conclusion Intermittent exotropia is the largest group in concomitant exotropia.The angle of constant exotropia is larger than intermittent exotropia notably.Most of the concomitant exotropia patients have normal corrected vision.Ametropia in concomitant exotropia patients is myopia mainly.(Ophthalmol CHN,2006,15:331-334)


This report serves as a summary of reburning technologies that are being tested on coal-fired, utility boilers and reflects on-going work in the field of reburning systems. In Chapter 2, the chemistry of NOx formation in coal-fired boilers is presented along with the theoretical basis for NOx emission control through reburning. Also in Chapter 2, an overview various types of coal-fired boilers to which reburning may be applied is provided. Representative case studies and test data for a range of boiler types are summarized in Chapter 3. The process economics of retrofitting reburning to an existing boiler is discussed in Chapter 4.


Introduction. Previously it was shown that patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are especially sensitive to changes in weather and climate conditions, in particular to one of the main meteorological elements - relative air humidity. At the same time, there is insufficient information on whether increased relative humidity can trigger the formation of osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma and its features in different seasons of the year. Aim. To study the clinical picture of the disease, lung function and the airway reaction to the hypotonic stimulus in asthma patients in seasons of the year which are contrasting in humidity. Materials and methods. In 82 patients (average age 40.5±1.1 years) with mild persistent asthma, disease control was assessed using the ACT questionnaire. Lung function and airway response (AFEV 1 ) to 3-minute inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) were studied in the seasons of the year with low and high relative humidity of atmospheric air. Results. In the initial examination of patients in a season with low relative humidity of ambient air, FEV 1 for the general group was 98.2±2.2%, MEF 25-75 72.9±3.5%, AFEV 1 -3.7±1.0%, ACT 18.3±0.6 points. Airway hyperresponsiveness to the hypoosmolar stimulus was detected in 12 (15%) patients ( Δ FEV 1 -18.1±2.1%), 7 (9%) showed an increase in FEV 1 after UNDV by 12.1±3.3%, 63 (77%) patients did not have a reaction to UNDW ( Δ FEV 1 -2.7±0.5%). When re-examining the same patients in the wet season, the lung function impairment was recorded (FEV1 averaged 93.8±2.3, p=0.023; MEF 25-75 6 3.9±3.3, р=0,006), airway reaction the UNDW was increased ( Δ FEV 1 -8.1±1.4%, p=0.005), asthma control was decreased (ACT 17.0±0.7 points, p=0.034), the number of patients with altered reactivity to UNDW increased from 23 to 50%. In the wet season, the number of asthma patients with osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness ( Δ FEV 1 -19.8±1.9%) reached 40% (33 patients) (χ 2 =12.3; p<0.001), 8 (10%) were observed with increase in FEV1 to the UNDW (9.4±1.4%), in 41 patients (50%) there was no airway reaction to the UNDV ( Δ FEV 1 -2.0±0.7%). Conclusion. An increase in the environment relative humidity in asthma patients leads to a decrease in control of the disease, worsening of airway patency, an increase in the severity of the airway reaction to acute bronchoprovocation with UNDW, and increase in the number of patients responding to the osmotic stimulus.


Although experimentation is a frequent activity of engineers, they usually use primitive strategies to carry on their experiments. A survey identifies the needs of using an efficient and practical technique for the experimentation. Although Six Sigma improvement initiative emphasized the use of Design of Experiments (DoE) for experimentation, engineers still consider it a difficult technique to apply and interpret. For this reason, this paper presents a methodology that tries to make easier the implementation of DoE, as an approach to bridge the existing gap between the technique and industries.


The shoreline deformation produced by the interaction between waves and coastal structures have been analyzed by comparing two different analytical solutions. Starting from the same assumption, they converge to different profiles, according to the different way to take in account the phenomenon of the wave diffraction induced by the structure.


The main objective of the work is to optimize the transesterification process for biodiesel production to yield biodiesel that has the best properties, such as viscosity, cetane number, flash point, fire point, and calorific value. Jatropha oil (nonedible vegetable oil) was used to produce biodiesel. Conventional diesel fuel was the base fuel for comparing the above properties of biodiesel. The effect of the quantity of methanol and sodium hydroxide and reaction time were studied to optimize the esterification process. Diesel, blends of biodiesel, and neat biodiesel were tested in a twin-cylinder, water-cooled, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. Performance and emission of the engine with conventional diesel fuel was used as the basis for comparison.


Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the influence of combined femtosecond laser and phacoemulsification on postoperative curative effect and safety on cataract patients.
Method: One hundred forty-five cataract patients (148 eyes) needing operation were selected and grouped by difference in operation method: control group, 72 patients (74 eyes) were treated with traditional phacoemulsification; observation group, 73 patients (74 eyes) were treated with femtosecond laser assisted by phacoemulsification. Through detailed ophthalmic examinations of all patients, intraoperative Cumulative Dissipated Energy (CDE) value, pre-operative corneal endothelial cell counting and LogMAR vision examination, as well as intra-operative CDE value and pre-operative corneal endothelial cell counting were used to evaluate safety of combined femtosecond laser and phacoemulsification in treating cataract. Vision difference was used to evaluate the influence of operative treatment on visual functions.
Results: The mean CDE value of grade II nucleus in the observation group was 6.41 ± 3.12, and the mean CDE value of grade III nucleus was 17.48 ± 4.72, which had significant differences from those of the control group (P 0.05), and combined femtosecond laser and phacoemulsification had the same curative effect on the restoration of visual functions of senile cataract as traditional phacoemulsification did.
Conclusion: When curative effects were consistent, combined femtosecond laser and phacoemulsification could reduce intra-operative accumulative energy release, avoid intra-operative additional damage of corneal endothelial cells, and significantly improve safety in comparison with traditional phacoemulsification technique.


This is the less official, English version of the proof of the fact that every closed atoroidal 3-manifold carries finitely many isotopy classes of tight contact structures.


ently from normal eyes. Our aim was to study the effect of propofol and laryngeal mask insertion or tracheal intubation on the intra-ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma, not to compare the changes in the intra-ocular pressure between patients with normal eyes and those with glaucoma. We believe that our findings can be justified; in patients with glaucoma, propofol decreased intra-ocular pressure and that although this then increased markedly after tracheal intubation, this did not occur after insertion of a laryngeal mask. We agree that removal of the laryngeal mask airway is associated with a lower incidence of coughing and less of an increase in intra-ocular pressure, and avoided using the word 'never' in our article.


This is a photograph I shot for the Sidewalk Magzine cover on a trip to Portugal in 2015. The featured athlete is Converse/Nike sportswear sponsored.


The objective of this work was to study the influence of cooking time and cooling rate on functionality and microstructure of processed cheese spreads. When the cooking time was 20 min, the hardness and apparent viscosity were increased, and formed a homogenous, dense, and three-dimensional protein network, and a stronger gel was formed at this time. The slow cooling can increase the hardness and apparent viscosity of products, protein wall was thicker, and network was closer, so products can formed a stronger gel structure. The influence of cooking time on the functional properties was more significant than the influence of rapid cooling.


Both teaching and research are essentially important to a university.The problem that how to organize its resources effectively to offer better service for the teaching and research has been investigated and studied widely.This paper introduced the procedures for building up a kind of NCS laboratory oriented to hierarchal teaching and research.


A technique for the numerical solution of two-dimensional potential flow with a free surface and gravity is presented. Its validity is demonstrated by application to wave generation by a pressure on a segment of the free surface of a ponded fluid. Wave profiles are obtained for the leading waves of progressive approximately periodic wave formations that show the effect of retaining the nonlinear terms in the free surface boundary conditions. The programing is relatively simple and the technique applicable to other wave forming situations. However, long computation times are required.


A method has been developed for analyzing the vinyl chloride desorption rate data from poly(vinyl chloride) resins. This technique, based on Fickean diffusion kinetics already demonstrated for this system, yields fundamental internal particle morphology information, which is in agreement with that determined by other methods. The approach detailed in this manuscript can be applied to other particle-penetrant systems for which the nature of the diffusion kinetics is known.


A committee of the Southern Baptist Convention was appointed at its 1937 session "to study the problem of duplication and overlapping of church agencies and activities, with a view to their more efficient coordination and correlation." This committee, after considerable correspondence, study, and discussion agreed that duplication and overlapping exist: "(1) in the membership of the organizations; (2) in materials of study courses; (3) in leadership; (4) in expressional activities." As a result of much correspondence, conference, and discussion this paper has emerged and is presented for thoughtful consideration. It is not the report of the committee, but represents rather the viewpoint of heads of the several organizations involved.


In the last two decades there has been much scholarly and journalistic attention given to the issue of how Chinese overseas relate themselves to China. This happened against a backdrop of two major developments in Asia. The first has to do with the fact that many ethnic Chinese outside mainland China have been faring well economically and accumulating considerable wealth in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in the second half of the twentieth century. The second is the rise of China as an economic superpower attracting foreign capital after it reopened itself and launched economic reform in 1978.


Cyanobacteria has a highly diversity group that consists of photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. Cyanobacteria that produce lots of metabolites such as amino acids, proteins, vitamins etc. have a wide spread. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Spirulina platensis extracts on the germination of wheat and barley seeds and root-stem length, lateral root number and fresh-dry weight were investigated. The application of S5 (100% cell extract) showed an inhibitory effect on seed germination on both wheat and barley. S2 (25% cell extract) and S4 (75% cell extract) applications had a positive effect on germination and seedling development in wheat. In barley, S2 (25% cell extract) application activated germination and seedling growth and other concentration applications did not create a positive effect. As a result; cyanobacterial extract has positive effects on seed germination and plant growth-development and it is possible to produce a commercial and ecological biostimulant by developing different extract concentrations.


The management core of an enterprise group is the budget control. To fully use the budget's control and management functions, we should take the accuracy of budget as the premise and adopt proper evaluation and inspiration system as the guarantee. How to choose the assess targets, assess methods, assess frequency and design the promotion project are the main factors that affect the incentive effect of the budget.


Project-specific earthquake ground motions are developed for design of the Sixth Street Viaduct replacement project in Los Angeles, California. The replacement bridge, selected as a result of a design competition, is a twelve span tied-arch structure nearly 1 km in length, with a friction-pendulum base isolation system to mitigate high seismic loading. Following state of the art procedures used on recent major toll bridge projects in California, the design ground motions are developed by: performing seismic hazard analysis to develop target rock response spectra at two performance levels (100-yr and 1000-yr return period); selecting ten sets of seed motion time histories based on the controlling source information (3 sets for 100-yr and 7 sets for 1000-yr); performing spectrum matching to the target rock spectra; conducting free field site response analysis to develop depth-varying motions at each support location; and performing pile-soil interaction time history analyses to develop kinematic motions for each bridge support. To develop the target rock motion spectra, comparisons are made between seismic hazard analyses conducted using the widely adopted NGA-West1 and the newly released NGA-West2 relationships, as well as procedures recommended by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Long period motion, beyond the range of typical applications (T of up to 10 seconds), is also addressed due to the friction-pendulum base isolation system. Since the friction-pendulum bearing size is determined based on non-linear time history analyses, careful consideration is given to the cross correlation of the two component horizontal design acceleration time histories. This helps to minimize unintentional over or undershoot in shaking in directions other than the two orthogonal axes for which the reference rock motions are developed.


This stu dy examined t he efforts of a l arge, urban s chool dis trict t o redu ce future occupational disengagement risks by requiring all high school students to complete 60 hours o f work-based i nternships. T he hypothesis was t hat so cial s upport fr om adult supervisors and mentors positively affected students' occupational engagement orientations over and above the i nfluence that programmatic experiences provided. The survey data for this study were collected from all seniors in the district's 17 high schools (N = 1,7 41). Ordinary Leas t Squares (OLS) was a pplied in a h ierarchical regression in four stages. The fi ndings indicated that opportuni ties to receive social support, especially having a mentor, contributed most to seniors' future dispositions toward occupational engagement. D istrict c areer and tec hnical e ducation ( CTE) students als o exp erienced grea ter s ocial su pport than n on-CTE stud ents. Th e recommendations fo cused on t he n eed for co mprehensive hi gh schoo ls to p rovide more access to supportive adults and personalized supportive learning environments.


The article deals with text representation of estate world and estate chronotopos in the novel "Clear of the Big World" by Y. V. Zhadovskaya. The above notions are analyzed in their contingence with such notions as "patriarchal" and "idyllic". Estate world values stem from patriarchal society systems and the estate world is represented in the book as the Eden, as an ideal garden which reproduces a traditional myth of Aidenn. The scholar pays special attention to the means employed by the author to strengthen the aesthetic value of the estate world, as well as to convey and emphasize the thought that ideal and patriarchal components of estate everyday routine have got a lot in common. The embodiment of this "peaceful and quiet location" is the estate where the main character lives. Her name is Genechka, she is an orphan who is raised by a warm-hearted auntie. The scholar analyzes by-motives of sun (sky) light and wind (gale) which model the "paradise" space of Amilov, the estate described in the novel. The space which is depicted in the book is full of everyday concrete objects. On the one hand, such details as a small river, a bridge, a mill, a shabby fence, poorly decorated rooms, etc. turn the Paradise into a material location. On the other hand, they confirm the idea of simple and natural life deep in the country which, in its turn is treated, as the main value of the estate world of the book. The image of the idyllic world is further developed by the description of everyday routine in the house Avdotia Petrovna, the description of the hostess and people next to her.


An apparatus for opening and closing an external connection terminal of an electronic device is provided to prevent a contaminant from being introduced into an external connection terminal by closing an opening of a cover frame as a cover member is automatically slid. A cover frame(105) includes an opening(105a) formed at a portion of a chassis(103) of an electronic device(102) corresponding to an external connection terminal(101), into which an external device connection plug(104) is inserted. A cover member(106) is slidably moved at the opening(105a) of the cover frame(105) to open and close the opening(105). An elastic member(107) provides elasticity at the other side of the cover member(106). One of a guide groove(108) and a guide protrusion(109) is formed on an inner facing surface of the opening(105a) of the cover frame(105), and one of the guide protrusion(109) and the guide groove(108) is formed on both ends of the cover member(106) to correspond to one of the guide groove(108) and the guide protrusion(109) formed at the inner facing surface of the opening(105a).


This paper provides basic materials for considering the sustainability of natural resource development in the Arctic, taking the Sakha Republic as a case study of the Russian Arctic regions. The author clarifies the contribution of the mining industry to the economic development of Sakha with special attention paid to the contribution to government budgets by numerical and statistical analysis of regional and municipal data. The paper demonstrates that the mining industry has been a driving force of the economic growth of Sakha and that the oil sector has sharply increased its presence while the diamond sector has decreased its presence. Simultaneously, it reveals that the mining industry is unevenly developed in Sakha, which has caused significant inequality in per capita Gross Municipal Product (GMP). Then, the analysis of the paper shows that Sakha's contribution to the federal budget has increased significantly in recent years due to growing oil production and that the diamond sector is still more influential than the oil sector in the contribution to the republican and local budgets.


The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted pedestrians' perceived comfort in a public setting. The virus's transmissibility and social distancing restrictions have resulted in a shift in pedestrians' perceived comfort, with more pedestrians becoming more conscious of other pedestrians and the distance between pedestrians. The changes in pedestrians' perception have resulted in the Pedestrian Level Of Service (PLOS) models becoming outdated. The models may not accurately portray the actual status of pedestrians' Level Of Service (LOS) according to the pedestrian needs during a pandemic, which generally lasts for a couple of years. These pandemics will happen in the future; hence, their impact on pedestrian comfort on sidewalks is worth considering. This research aims to analyse the effect of COVID-19 on PLOS by compiling data using a face-to-face questionnaire survey in the Melbourne Central Business District (CBD). From the 445 completed surveys, 72% of respondents extensively considered social distancing due to COVID-19 when commuting in the CBD, and 49% preferred a 1–1.5 m distance between pedestrians. In conjunction with an in-depth analysis of the data, an ordinal regression model has been used to analyse the factors that influence the perceived comfort of the pedestrians and estimate the PLOS. The model results show that pedestrian density, COVID-19 social distancing, continuous footpath, and pedestrian flow in opposite directions on the sidewalk greatly impacted the walking comfort of pedestrians during the pandemic.


MEMBERS OF nursing's regulatory body voted overwhelmingly last week to reduce the standard of proof needed to remove nurses from the register amid concerns that some unsafe practitioners are escaping punishment.


Hydroxamic acids (RCONHOH) are versatile compounds that constitute a significant biological importance. The syntheses, physico-chemical and characterization of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) and its metal complexes (VO(IV), Cr(III) and Ni(II)) are reported herein. The metal complexes were synthesized via condensation reaction of BHA and metal salts in 2:1 molar ratio using ethanol as reaction medium. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (infrared, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR,), TGA, magnetic susceptibility as well as molar conductance. The spectral study analysis reveals that all complexes coordinated to the metal via oxygen atoms (O,O) in bidentate manner to form octahedral for [Cr(BHA2).2H2O]H2O, tetrahedral for [Ni(BHA)2] and square pyramidal geometry for [VO(BHA)2]. The molar conductance values suggested that all complexes were non-electrolytes. A cytotoxicity study against HCT116 displayed that VO(IV) has better IC50 values than the parent ligand, BHA but not considered as potent anticancer agents.


Introduction:
 VERVE-101 is an
 in vivo
 CRISPR base editing therapy designed to alter a single DNA base in the
 PCSK9
 gene, permanently inactivate hepatic expression, and thereby durably lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we test the efficacy, tolerability, and potential for germline editing of VERVE-101 in studies of 43 non-human primates.

 Methods:
 Cynomolgus monkeys were dosed with a single intravenous infusion of a vehicle control (N = 10) or VERVE-101 at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg (N = 4) or 1.5 mg/kg (N = 22) with subsequent assessment of liver
 PCSK9
 editing, reductions in blood PCSK9 and LDL-C, and safety parameters. A second study evaluated sexually mature male non-human primates dosed with a vehicle control (N = 1) or 1.5 mg/kg of VERVE-101 (N=6) to assess for any germline cell editing.

 Results:
 Liver biopsies 14 days after dosing noted mean
 PCSK9
 editing of 46% and 70% in monkeys treated with VERVE-101 at 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg respectively. This translated into reductions in blood PCSK9 of 69% and 89% and reductions of LDL-C of 50% and 68% at the 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses, respectively, measured one year after dosing (
 Figure).
 Liver safety monitoring noted a transient rise in ALT and AST concentrations following infusion that fully resolved by day 14 with no accompanying change in total bilirubin. VERVE-101 did not impact glucose homeostasis, as assessed by serial monitoring of fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c. In the study to assess germline editing, VERVE-101 was similarly well tolerated and no editing of
 PCSK9
 was observed in sperm samples obtained 90 days after dosing.

 Conclusions:
 A single intravenous infusion of VERVE-101 in non-human primates was well-tolerated and led to 89% lower blood PCSK9 protein and 68% lower blood LDL-C at one year after dosing. These results support initiation of a first-in-human clinical trial in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with initial patient dosing anticipated in mid-2022.


As injection device 100 for distributing the liquid of a certain volume, and including an electromagnet (111) and the magnetization is configured to maintain the pumping member pumps 112 having a (110), the pumping member pumps the implanter is an injection apparatus that can be displaced under the action of the electromagnet is proposed to be maintained by the time. The injection apparatus, so as to supply energy to the electromagnet by the repeated current pulses, and includes a portable voltage source 113 is configured to measure the time the current intensity per at least a pulse, whereby the liquid of a certain volume for each according on until the total amount of charge corresponding to the supply, the amount of charge in each pulse is estimated (槪 算). The method including the magnetization of the electromagnet pulsed operation for operating a pump having a pumping member is also disclosed.


Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) leads to better outcomes in septic patients. EGDT includes three sequential physiologic goals: intravenous fluids to


Author(s): Stubailo, Igor; Husker, Allen; Dominquez, Antonio; Lukac, Martin; Naik, Vinayak S; Guy, Richard; Davis, Paul; Estrin, D | Abstract: We have examined seismic data and wireless network characteristics from 100 broadband stations installed from Acapulco to Tampico in Mexico over a period of 1.5 years (2005-2007). The instruments were part of the MASE (Middle America Subduction Experiment) which has the objective to build a geodynamical model of the subduction process beneath the Middle America Trench. The stations had a 5-6 km spacing and were connected wirelessly with each other providing a unique data set. It allows examination of various aspects in tomography, shear wave splitting, wave travel times as well as extensive analysis of the wireless network used for data delivery. Tomographic and SKS splitting studies in this area show the presence of a 50-80 km thick flat slab under the western part of the array, and a steeply dipping slab beneath its center to a depth of ~550km and ~375 km inland.The research in wireless area displays no correlation between SNR and throughput and a rough correlation between the throughput and the distance for the majority of the links. Various network tuning techniques were applied to further investigate the properties of the communication hardware and data transmission. A new disruption tolerant shell (DTS) was tested that provides duplex communication with the network and handles breaks in the RF communication by temporarily storing data and transmitting when a conection has been restored.


To understand the characteristics of a Fe-accumulating moss Scopelophila ligulata, we compared the photoabsorption spectra of pigments from this and several other mosses and found that some of the absorption bands observed only for S. ligulata can be assigned to pheophytin a. The conversion rate from chlorophyll to pheophytin in S. ligulata was calculated to be 25%. This striking characteristic of S. ligulata could be explained by considering its habitat conditions.


Various algorithms connected with the computation of the minimal polynomial of a square n×n matrix over a field k are presented here. The complexity of the first algorithm, where the complete factorization of the characteristic polynomial is needed, is O( √ nn). It produces the minimal polynomial and all characteristic subspaces of a matrix of size n. Furthermore an iterative algorithm for the minimal polynomial is presented with complexity O(n+nm), where m is a parameter of the used Shift-Hessenberg matrix. It does not require knowledge of the characteristic polynomial. Important here is the fact that the average value of m or mA is ≈ log n. Next we are concerned with the topic of finding a cyclic vector first for a matrix whose characteristic polynomial is square-free. Using the Shift-Hessenberg form leads to an algorithm at cost O(n + mn). A more sophisticated recurrent procedure gives the result in O(n) steps. In particular, a normal basis for an extended finite field will be obtained complexity O(n + n log q). Finally the Frobenius form is obtained with asymptotic average complexity O(n log n). All algorithms are deterministic. In all four cases, the complexity obtained is better than for the heretofore best known deterministic algorithm. The results are summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.


This study examined the collapse of bridge under extreme events. As a result, numerous bridges collapsed by scour, collision, fire and earthquake. The research team studied four cases of previous bridge collapse and restoration following extreme events. Finally, the disaster type factor were selected.


We investigate the use of pivot languages for phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB-SMT) between related languages with limited parallel corpora. We show that subword-level pivot translation via a related pivot language is: (i) highly competitive with the best direct translation model and (ii) better than a pivot model which uses an unrelated pivot language, but has at its disposal large parallel corpora to build the source-pivot (S-P) and pivot-target (P-T) translation models. In contrast, pivot models trained at word and morpheme level are far inferior to their direct counterparts. We also show that using multiple related pivot languages can outperform a direct translation model. Thus, the use of subwords as translation units coupled with the use of multiple related pivot languages can compensate for the lack of a direct parallel corpus. Subword units make pivot models competitive by (i) utilizing lexical similarity to improve the underlying S-P and P-T translation models, and (ii) reducing loss of translation candidates during pivoting.


A simple and rapid isolation method o f organic acids in pickled Brassica juncea,Coss.was developed and the simulta neous det ermination of volatile and non-v olatile organic acids,as their buty l derivat ives was performed by gas ch romatographic technique with n-dodecane as an inte rnal standard on a column of HP-1.The volatile acids was acetic,propionic an d butyric acid,the non-volatile acids was lactic,succinic and malic acid.The calibration curves for 6organic acids were linear over the range of 0-250 mg/25ml hexane respectively.Recoveries of acetic,lactic,succinic and mal ic a cids were 92.6%,89.6%,97.0%and 88.5%respectively.Two methods to extract and isolate ac id analytes were compared;the new ap plicati on was satistactory for assa y of organic acids in pickled Brassica juncea,Coss ..


Marine aquaculture is an important natural resource exploration that requires rational planning to avoid environmental damage. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are essential in remote sensing to monitor the marine ecological environment. Unsupervised methods provide an adequate solution to avoid the cost of training sample collection. However, unsupervised methods often struggle to discover effective semantic information and incrementally use newly acquired data. To address these challenges, this article presents an incremental double unsupervised deep learning (IDUDL) model, which is specially designed to characterize unlabeled marine aquaculture and achieve the results semantically. Based on the idea of alternately generating and updating pseudo-labels, the proposed IDUDL model defines the double neural networks comprising the feature extraction network (FEN) and the fully convolutional semantic segmentation network (FCSSN). A patch estimation (PE) is proposed to generate pseudo-labels with aquaculture semantic information based on the features extracted by the FEN. Then, the aquaculture extraction results are obtained by FCSSN with generated pseudo-labels. After that, the pseudo-labels and extraction results are updated in turn until the pseudo-labels are stable. In addition, due to the unique structure of double neural networks, newly acquired marine aquaculture SAR images can also be added to the pretrained FCSSN and followed pseudo-labels updated based on the FEN and PE part, which can achieve new data incremental learning without retraining the whole IDUDL model. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach based on two different ways of marine aquaculture including raft and cage types, which consist of GaoFen-3 (GF-3) and RADARSAT-2 SAR images from the Dalian and Ningde areas, respectively. The incremental experiments are also designed to verify the generalization of the IDUDL model for newly obtained marine aquaculture SAR images. The code of this work will be available at https://github.com/fjc1575/Marine-Aquaculture/tree/main/IDUDL for the sake of reproducibility.


Optical methods are now often used in the measuring technology. These methods have the great advantage that the inspected objects are measured contactlessly with a high repetition rate. The obtained data can be evaluated in almost real-time or in post-processing. This allows the reckoning of deformations in real-time, as well as the three-dimensional representation and the documentation of the whole process of deformation.


Declining hardware costs, increasing self-confidence of users, and developing technologies have provided compelling reasons in the minds of many managers to bring distributed data processing (DDP) into their organizations. Rather than let it spread almost randomly, managers who recognize the strengths as well as the pitfalls of DDP are seeking to establish coherent policies and procedures. DDP, defined in terms of responsibilities for managing all phases of information processing, is put in a framework companies can use to evaluate alternatives and to develop a DDP strategy that both matches their organizational structure and enables their business plan. 8 references.


Large permeability variation coefficients, low porosity, low permeability and strong water lock exist in Block Huangchang in Jianghan Oilfield. Experiments were done to optimize the oil base fracturing fluids, in which the dewatered crude from Huangchang oilfield was used as the base fluid, LHPG02 (a phosphate) was used as the gelling agent, sodium metaaluminate as the cross-linking agent, and anhydrous sodium acetate as the gel breaker. The oil base fracturing fluid formulation was as follows: JHYY+-(1. 0%-1. 5%) LHPG02-K0. 09%-0. 2%) NaAlO2 + (0. 07%-0. 1%) NaAc. Core tests showed that the use of the new fracturing fluid gave birth to a minimum permeability recover rate of 78. 95%, with an average value of 86. 13%.


Threat of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has been increasing with growth of computer and network infrastructures. DDoS attacks generating mass traffics make network bandwidth and/or system resources depleted. Therefore, it is significant to detect DDoS attacks in early stage. Our previous approach used a traffic matrix to detect DDoS attack. However, it is hard to tune up the parameters of the matrix including (i) size of traffic matrix, (ii) packet based window size, and (iii) threshold value of variance from packets information with respect to various monitoring environments and DDoS attacks. In this paper, we propose an enhanced DDoS attacks detection approach which (i) improves the traffic matrix building operation and (ii) optimizes the parameters of the traffic matrix using Genetic Algorithm (GA). We perform experiments with DARPA 2000 dataset and LBL-PKT-4 dataset of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to show its performance in terms of detection accuracy and speed.


General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: Abstract Background: Most studies examining the commensal human oral microbiome are focused on disease or are limited in methodology. In order to diagnose and treat diseases at an early and reversible stage an in-depth definition of health is indispensible. The aim of this study therefore was to define the healthy oral microbiome using recent advances in sequencing technology (454 pyrosequencing).


The means by which animals assess potential mates is an important issue in studies of reproductive systems. I tested whether an individual's previous experiences and the relatedness of mates affected mating behavior in a simultaneous hermaphrodite snail, Physa gyrina. Previous work with this species showed reduced reproductive success resulting from both strong outbreeding and inbreeding. Thus, I predicted that individuals should prefer partners of intermediate relatedness. During activity trials, snails moved longer distances when exposed to chemical cues from conspecifics of lesser relatedness. Furthermore, during mating interactions, behavioral responses to relatedness varied with gender-role: male-role behaviors did not vary across relatedness treatments, while snails paired with either closely related or highly dissimilar partners increased their female-role resistance behaviors as interactions escalated. Experiences with their current partner also affected behavioral dynamics. Familiar pairs had fewer matings and longer latency times until a mating occurred than unfamiliar pairs. Snails acting in the female role also exhibited higher resistance rates in familiar pairs than in unfamiliar pairs. Previous, brief exposure to chemical cues in a non-mating context also influenced behavior during a subsequent mating interaction. Snails that were previously exposed to chemical cues from unfamiliar individuals tended to be more likely to occupy the male role following an encounter, and had significantly lower copulation frequencies and higher female-role resistance rates (i.e. were choosier) than those previously exposed to cues from familiar individuals. Overall, the results show that: 1) relatedness, past exposure to conspecific chemical cues, and experience with a current partner all influence mating behaviors in these snails; and 2) in these simultaneous hermaphrodites, an individual's responses depend on whether it is occupying the male or female role.


Adhesive resin and composite resin were used to restore the central incisors in a 21-year-old woman at an emergency treatment. Two maxillary fractured incisors were restored (one after endodontic treatment) and reexamined over a period of 24 months (Fig 5). Some slight yellowing has been noted in the endodontically treated tooth, but it has not appreciably affected appearance. The patient did not object to the discoloration and no replacements or additions were done. The restorations showed no indications of excessive wear or physical damage during the examination period.


This chapter discusses custom and treaties as the two sources of international law. It explains the customary international law as the term used to describe rules that are widely accepted and deeply held and are used to define what it means to belong to a civilized society. It also recounts the case called "Paquete Habana" in the U.S. Supreme Court that addresses the question of whether customary international law is binding on the United States. The chapter talks about the treaty law or conventional law as the source of multilateral conventions that often covers the same ground as customary international law. It analyzes the prohibitions against "torture" that are set forth in several multilateral treaties and reinforce recognition that a particular norm set forth in a treaty has the status of customary law.


INTRODUCTION The radiation has even harmful parameter for the human besides one case though the benefit which a radiation brought to the man is very great. And, the fetus malformation which against radiation by before by much research is being made clear (1,2,3,4). However the individiual of which sensibivity is high is a fetus against the radiation, and it is paid attention to socially (2). Therefore, if even an effects to this fetus is grasped precisely and protection is done, there is no problem from the viewpoint of the protection of radiation as well in the protection of radiation surface. It was examined about the radidiation protecting effect of propolis to the radiation of fetal effects by using the ICR mice in this study. In propolis and Greek, the meaning of "an invader from the externus, prevention protective wall", staphylococcus salivarius is mixed with the sap which honey bee collected from the trees, make. It is the material which contains the beneficial effect componentum taken out. It is made the reactivation of the nest box, aseptic condition in the nest box, and the part of the emergency food is played except for the protecting effect to the exogenous material which enters from the externus in propolis in the case of the food crisis. And, a temperature inside the mold cavity and air humidity are adjusted, too (5,6). There are saccharides, amino acid, flavonoid, a mineral, delfenoid, caffeine, aldepirin C, a vitamin group, and so on as a componentum of propolis (7). It is being reported when there are antibacterial action, antiinflammatory function, pain relief, anesthetic action, immunization, anti-oxidation in the physiology function to the human body of propolis (8). It is much physiology function of propolis, or it pays attention to immunisatio and anti-oxidation for this study. Macrophage and N-K cell are activated as an immunization, and it is made to control neoplasm, the immunocompetence accelerans function due to the increase in the antibody forming cell. And, activity of macrophage and immunisatio hyperactivity by the influence of the cell-mediated immunity are announced the thing that it is involved in the antitumor action (10). It is announced that there are anti-neoplasm effectus that it against ill, and active oxygen function (11). And, when anti-cancer drug is administered, it is said that febricula, anorectic, adverse drug reactions such as blood cell count decrement Sumptomatic appear. The thing which water soluble propolis was used with together controls leukocyte count and the decrement of the platelet count by the simulation of the adverse drug reactions of the anti-cancer drug in some thought. It is made both hypoleukocytemia and thrombocytopenia to be recovered in some thought. It has fructification with the multiplier effect of the anti-cancerosus function which activation function was fitted to to activate neoplasm catastaltic. And, it is announced that it has the effectus which makes propolis reduce the adverse drug reactions of the anti-cancerosus function (5,12). Therefore, the anti-oxidation of this propolis and immunization were used, and the research of the radiologic protecting effect was done by this research.


Mentor-novice collaborative reflection about teaching is crucial to the development of novices' professional knowledge. However, few studies examine content and forms of mentor-novice conversations and opportunities that such interactions create for developing professional knowledge. Drawing on observation data from two U.S. and two Chinese mentor-novice pairs in induction contexts, this study analyzed the content and forms of mentor-novice conversations about novices' lessons. We found that the U.S. and Chinese mentor-novice interactions were different in focus and form, and these differences were likely related to the curriculum structures and organization of teaching and mentoring in each country. The interactions either offered or restricted novices' opportunities for developing professional knowledge necessary for reform-minded teaching.


AIM: In an attempt to study the effects of Gutuotang (GTT) on the nitric oxide(NO), 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 contents of plasma in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Results: The plasma contents of NO and TXB2 were increased obviously (P0.01) and the plasma content of 6-keto-PGF1αwas significantly decreased(P0.01) in hemorrhagic shock. After using GTT, the plasma content of nitric oxide(NO) and 6-keto-PGF1α was markedly increased (P0.01) as compared with those in hemorrhagic shock. But the GTT had no obvious effect on TXB2 content of plasma. Conclusion: The GTT enhances vascular endothelium release of NO and PGI2, which might be one of the mechanisms of its antishock effects.


Although it has acquired an extraordinary social diffusion, entrepreneurial education has a certain lack of definition associated with its conceptualisation and meaning. It seems clear that entrepreneurial education is linked to the economic sphere, but it is not limited to the productive sector. The idea of entrepreneurial education has been progressively enriched, being linked to the development of skills for personal growth and social progress. Further clarification of the meaning and scope of entrepreneurial education is, therefore, needed. Thus, it is relevant to analyse entrepreneurial identity in the context of personal identity via the theoretical–explanatory investigation of a model developed in two phases. A critical analysis leads us to study the different factors that intervene in the configuration of this identity in an attempt to construct a systemic map of entrepreneurial action. Between the private and the public, entrepreneurs seek new ways of facing the challenges of our times, trying to find new ways of regenerating the links between individuals and institutions and with society in general. In this sense, we show how entrepreneurial educational ecosystems acquire relevance insofar as they consider the subject as the principle of action rather than merely the result of various contextual factors.


The article is devoted to programming and information technology education in secondary and higher schools. Information technologies are intensively developing, which requires constant adjustment of the content of education of both schoolchildren and students of higher education institutions. The labor market for IT professionals is placing ever higher demands on graduates of educational institutions. This article describes the problems of education with the labor market requirements of IT professionals. The problems exist not only in domestic schools but also in the whole world at the same time. Ways of solving several same problems are suggested, and a brief review of approaches implemented in schools of different countries is given. Among possible ways to overcome the crisis are cooperation with IT companies at different stages of education, an adaptation of curricula, development of legislation in the field of education and introduction of professional and modern tools of software developers into the educational process. The paper presents the results of the survey of IT students of Nizhny Novgorod State University concerning their acquaintance with information technologies at different stages of education (both school and university).


This article gives the way for hermeneutic analysis of the topic of the White movement in the mirror of the Russian cinema at the present stage (1992-2016). The hermeneutical analysis suggests media text comprehension through comparison with historical, cultural tradition and reality; penetration of its logic; through comparison of media images in historical and cultural context by combining historical, hermeneutical analysis of the structural, plot, ethical, ideological, iconographic / visual, media stereotypes and analysis of media text characters. An analysis of this kind of media texts, in our opinion, is particularly important for media literacy education of future historians, culture and art historians, sociologists, psychologists and educators. Thus, the comparative analysis of plot schemes, characters, and ideology of the Russian feature films of 1992-2016, in varying degrees of affecting the subject of the White movement, leads to the conclusion about the essential similarity of their media stereotypes. Content analysis of screen media texts of 1992-2016 on the topic related to the White movement allows generally to submit their basic narrative schemes.


Experience Research Scientist (Intern) at HP Research Labs Implemented a scalable approach to measure the Available Bandwidth. (Jun 2006Sep2006) Research Scientist (Intern) at Avaya Research Labs Implemented a Hybrid Peer-to-Peer System using cell-phones. (Jun 2005-Sep 2005) Intern at Cooperative Association for Analysis of Internet Data (CAIDA) Evaluation of Bandwidth Estimation Tools. (May 2004-Aug 2004) Graduate Research Assistant Available Bandwidth Estimation (May 2003-May 2007) Unbalanced Tree Search (Aug 2002-Dec 2002) Graduate Teaching Assistant Data Structures (Jan 2003-May2003) Distributed Systems (Aug 2004-Dec2004) Internet Services and Protocols (Jan 2004-May2004 and Jan 2005-May2005) Atheros India LLC (2001-2002) Worked under Dr. V. Kamakoti (IIT Madras) at Atheros India LLC.


An accurate delay-time measuring equipment operating in the 50-GHz region has been developed. The equipment can measure wide-band delay-time characteristics of millimeter wave component and waveguide line. Sweep frequency range is variable from 0 to 1.5 GHz at any of the 46 to 52 GHz. The measurement method employs the usual comparison method and a newly developed rapid automatic switching method. The accuracy of the equipment is 0.1 ns at 20-dB insertion loss. Finally, some measured results are described.


PECULIARITIES OF MICROCIRCULATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN ONTOGENY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM REGIONS WITH RADIOECOLOGICAL HAZARDS First study of its kind examined changes of general microhemodynamical parameters in regions with radioecological hazards by use of laser Doppler flowmetry. Typological age-dependent peculiarities of microcirculation in children and students were determined. Active and passive mechanisms controlling microcirculation channel in children, adolescents and young men and women residing in different radioecological regions were evaluated. Adaptation processes in microhemocirculation system influenced by increased exposure to radioactivity in the region of residence were analysed.


There is a need to provide high-resolution video imagery to the sensor operators of current and future gunships while supporting missions above an area of interest. Sensor operators need to see beyond the visual range of the main platform, peer through weather, and monitor multiple geo-separated or dispersing targets. The Lite Machines Tiger Moth UAV is designed to fill this need. The objective of the work presented herein was to improve the inner loop control laws of the Tiger Moth UAV through control system modeling, optimization and flight tests. Laboratory tests were conducted to identify aircraft sensor and servo dynamics. A bare-airframe hover/low-speed dynamics model was developed from piloted frequency sweeps. The identified components and dynamics model were combined with a Simulink representation of the control laws to form a validated analysis model which was used in CONDUIT to optimize the attitude loop feedback gains. Flight tests with the optimized gains showed improved performance. Finally, the improvements were demonstrated to the U. S. Air Force in untethered flight tests conducted at Camp Atterbury, Indiana, in December of 2011. Notation ax, ay, az Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations [m/s] h Height of point of rotation above the aircraft's center of gravity [m] Iy Pitch moment of inertia [kg m] m Mass of the aircraft [kg] p, q, r Roll, pitch, and yaw angular rates [deg/s] u, v, w Body velocities [m/s] δlat, δlon, Roll, pitch, and heave control inputs [deg] δcol δΔQ Differential torque – yaw control input [%] φ, θ, ψ Roll attitude, pitch attitude, and heading [deg] ( )ʹ Test stand value with rotation about a pivot point other than the aircraft's center of gravity Presented at the American Helicopter Society 68th Annual Forum, Fort Worth, TX, May 1-3, 2012. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the U.S. DISCLAIMER: Reference herein to any specific commercial, private, or public products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government. The viewing of the presentation by the Government shall not be used as a basis of advertising. Introduction The Tiger Moth V6.1 UAV (Figure 1) developed by Lite Machines Corporation is an outgrowth of the Voyeur UAV which was developed for the U.S. Navy as a sonochutelaunched UAV for use on the Lockheed P-3 Orion and the Boeing P-8 Poseidon. Lite Machines is currently working under a U.S. Air Force Phase III SBIR contract to refine the Tiger Moth V6.1 control system for more extensive airlaunched flight tests. The Tiger Moth is a 3.5 pound, electrically-powered, unmanned helicopter having an 18 inch vertically elongated body with 30 inch diameter, counter-rotating, coaxial rotors that fold for storage inside a tube. Each rotor system is driven by a separate electric motor and includes both cyclic and collective pitch controls which are actuated by a common set of servo actuators located midway between the Figure 1. Tiger Moth rotors. Directional control is achieved using differential rotor torque. The Tiger Moth airframe consists of a hollow aluminum spine tube extending the full length of the body which acts as both a rigid structural element and a conduit for electrical wiring. Power to drive the rotors is transmitted by electrical wiring running through the spine tube instead of mechanical shafting thereby reducing mechanical complexity and weight. The spine-tube style airframe can withstand high launch loads and has been tested by the Navy to withstand 100 Gs during a sonochute launch. When configured for hovering flight, the Tiger Moth flies in a near-vertical orientation. A GPS guidance and telemetry system is mounted above the rotors for unobstructed access to the sky. A lower payload module houses sensors including infrared and/or visible-light video cameras, a telemetry system for transmitting digital data back to a command center, and possibly a warhead to disable small vehicles. The current effort is part of an on-going program sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to develop a disposable, air-launched, off-board sensor for a variety of manned aircraft. The requirements of this program are challenging from a control system perspective. After being ejected from a manned aircraft flying at over 200 knots, the sensor vehicle must fall or fly to a lower altitude, automatically configure itself for flight, then transmit stable sensor imagery to a remote operator for up to one hour. It must travel at high speeds between widely separated waypoints, hover for extended periods of time, and operate in high and gusting winds. While considered disposable by aircraft operators, the vehicle may be hand recovered and reused by ground forces. This paper describes work jointly performed by Lite Machines and the U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate to improve the hover/low-speed performance of the Tiger Moth. The effort involved conducting laboratory tests on individual components as well as the complete aircraft, identifying a state-space model from flight test data, developing and validating an analysis model, and optimizing the control system based on the analysis model. Results of the optimization are discussed and compared with flight test observations. Finally, a brief overview of the Air Force demonstration flight tests is presented. Laboratory Tests In order to develop a useful analysis model, it is important to first accurately model all the components of the aircraft. To this end a series of laboratory tests were performed by Lite Machines. Automated frequency sweeps were used to identify the dynamics of the flight sensors and servos actuators. Servo position data was recorded as the servos were commanded to sweep through a range of frequencies. From this data, transfer function models of the servos were developed as shown in Figure 2. A time delay alone (H = e) was sufficient to model the servos with a cost of J = 2.2 which indicates the model is nearly perfect. Validation of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor was achieved by performing frequency sweeps with the Tiger Moth rotors turning at full speed and mounted on a programmable robotic arm capable of 0.001 degree resolution and rotating the entire airframe and IMU. This produced a more controlled flight environment where the sensor signal noise could be analyzed in the context of airframe and rotor vibration. It was also possible to check the angular kinematic consistency of all IMU data to ensure proper sensor orientation and scale factors. Translational kinematic consistency was verified by mounting the test stand in a car, and driving the car down a road while collecting velocity and acceleration data with the onboard GPS and IMU. The majority of the laboratory testing during this program was performed on either the single-axis yaw test stand shown in Figure 3a or the fully articulated pitch/roll test stand shown in Figure 3b. All articulated axes were supported by low-friction instrument bearings to ensure high fidelity measurements. Due to the location of the aircraft's center of gravity, it was not possible to clamp the aircraft in the pitch/roll test stand so that rotation occurred about the center of gravity. This was accounted for in the subsequent calculations. The pitch and roll moments of inertia of the aircraft are identical and were determined by performing a swing test with the aircraft mounted in the pitch/roll test stand [1]. From the damping envelope and damped natural frequency -20 0 20


Small plastic particles are persistent in soil and will remain in the agricultural ecosystem for a long period, so there is an urgent need to uncover their potential impacts on the agricultural ecosystem. Plastics in the agricultural ecosystem are alarming as they can accumulate in crop plants and affect consumers by directly entering through the food web. Through disintegration of plastic, microplastics and nanoplastics (NPs) are generated and accumulated in significant quantities in soil. Incidentally, plastics have been shown to alter biophysical and geochemical properties of soil. The dispersion and transport of plastics in soil could directly impact crop plants and reduce crop yield. There are limited studies on uptake and accumulation of MPs and NPs in terrestrial plants but studies reported so far have shown phytoremediation as a potential remediation technique to extract and degrade plastic particles from agricultural soils. This review discusses the impacts of MPs and NPs on terrestrial plants growth and accumulation in different plant tissues based on recent literature.


Objective: (1)To understand the diversity in HCV glycoprotein E1 and E2sequences at different stages of infection. (2) Method widely used in evolutionary studies of HIV,as a new gold standard in HCV research.Setting: Department of Biochemistry Sir Syed Institutest of Medical Sciences Karachi. Period. 1 Jan 2012 to 31 Dec 2012. Design: Experimentalanalysis. Methods: The samples derived from a xenomouse model of transmission and severalsamples from naturally occurring transmission as well as sequences from acute stage ofinfection. we utilized single genome amplification (SGA) technique to recover full- length E1sequences. SGA of full-length E1 glycoprotein sequences, followed by direct sequencingminimizes in vitro generated artifacts and experimental biases associated with the standard bulkamplification and cloning approach, giving an accurate representation of investigated intrahostpopulation. Analysis and results: Comparative analyses of sequences derived from threedifferent settings were performed, in conjunction with a range of phylogenetic tests. As full-lengthE1 sequences were utilised. Conclusions: The role of glycoprotein E1 and E2 during theinfection of HCV was Known. The new gold standard in HCV research prove to be of greatimportance.


The paper first analyzes the characteristics of bicycle as a transportation means in big cities,and then,with bicycle-riding residents of the Beijing old town area as the study object,investigates the problems related to bicycle trips such as rule violation,irregular parking,as well as issues in bicycle public rental services,on the basis of which it proposes to ameliorate the situation by setting up cache belts between vehicle and non-vehicle lanes,designating bicycle left-turn waiting lines,and providing bicycle parking facilities,etc.


This paper is aimed to show the feasibility for improving the ride quality of railway vehicles with semiactive secondary suspension systems using magnetorheological (MR) dampers. A nine degree-of-freedom railway vehicle model, which includes a car body, two trucks and four wheelsets, is proposed to cope with vertical, pitch and roll motions of the car body and trucks. The governing equations of the railway vehicle suspension systems integrated with MR dampers are developed. To illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the controlled MR dampers on railway vehicle suspension systems, the LQG control law using the acceleration feedback is adopted as the system controller, in which the state variables are estimated from the measurable accelerations with the Kalman estimator. In order to make the MR dampers track the optimal damping forces, a damper controller to command the voltage to the current drivers for the MR dampers is proposed. The acceleration responses of the car body of the train vehicle with semiactive secondary suspension system integrated with MR dampers are evaluated under random and periodical track irregularities. This semiactive controlled system is also compared to the conventional passive suspension system using viscous dampers without MR dampers, and the secondary suspension system integrated with MR dampers in passive on and passive off modes. The simulation results show that the vibration control of the train suspension system with semiactive controlled MR dampers is feasible and effective.


Precision grammars are hand-crafted computational models of human languages that are capable of parsing text to yield syntactic and semantic analyses. They are valuable for applications requiring the accurate extraction of semantic relationships and they also enable hypothesis testing of holistic grammatical theories over quantities of text impossible to analyse manually. Their capacity to generate linguistically accurate analyses over corpus data also supports another application: augmenting linguistic descriptions with query facilities for retrieving examples of syntactic phenomena. In order to construct such queries, it is first necessary to identify the signature of target syntactic phenomena within the analyses produced by the precision grammar in use. This is often a difficult process, however, as analyses within the descriptive grammar can diverge from those in the precision grammar due to differing theoretical assumptions made by the two resources, the use of different sets of data to inform their respective analyses, and the exigencies of implementing a large-scale formalised analyses.


The purpose of this work is the design of a model that allows automation of the process of health claims for the insurance industry in Colombia. To achieve the main objective, a research was done on the best practices of this process in the industry, characterized the various automation technology alternatives for this process whose result was the technologies of Business Process Management and Automation of Robotic Processes were the ideals to automate the health claim process. After knowing the best practices in the industry and the ideal technologies for the implementation, the model was designed taking into account from the process to be, the technological interactions, the required functionalities of the systems that support the automation until the necessary requirements for the implementation, to implement the model designed in a test post in the subprocess of reimbursements and health insured in a Colombian insured company.
The model achieved 54% of cases, reducing the need for analysts to develop the process from 5 to 1, also reduced the need for doctors in the process from 3 to 1, and was able to eliminate the claim claim. Finally, the 3-year financial feasibility analysis was performed both for the pilot pilot implementation and for the implementation of the compensation model.
The financial evaluation indicates that the benefit of the implementation is 591 million for the implementation of the experimental pilot and 2154 million pesos for the implementation of the full compensation model.


Cognition-based theories dominate physical activity (PA) research, and many include a construct broadly defined as 'beliefs about the consequences of behavior' (e.g. outcome expectancies, perceived benefits) hereafter referred to as perceived consequences. With the quantity of available research on this topic, it is important to examine whether the literature supports perceived consequences as a predictor of PA. A meta-analysis examining longitudinal associations between perceived consequences and PA in adults was conducted. Studies were eligible if (a) perceived consequences were measured at a time point prior to PA, and (b) the target behavior was a form of PA. This search yielded 6,979 articles, of these, 110 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 1989 and 2020, with sample sizes ranging from 16 to 2,824. All studies were evaluated as moderate to high quality. A small positive bivariate association was identified (r = 0.11; 95% CI [0.09, 0.13]) between perceived consequences and PA. Significant bivariate associations were also identified for time, health, self-evaluative, psychological, and affective perceived consequences. There was no association between perceived weight-related consequences and PA. These findings suggest utility in examining perceived consequences as a predictor of PA, but constructs with more robust associations may require priority.


This paper compares aspects of the thinking of Walter Benjamin and John Dewey. Both attempted to address the problem of 'poverty of experience' in modern society by means of an anti-dualistic concept of experience and the concept of media. These concepts can be observed optimally in their work on aesthetics. Such concepts of experience and media were the keys to the development of new conceptions of education. Differences in their understanding of media, however, led them to different strategies in the development of their educational thought. The present paper will show that Benjamin's strategy offers a promising alternative to that of Dewey.


Psychometric properties of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) are reported using treatment-seeking samples of hypersexual men. Study 1 details item reduction and exploratory factor analysis of the HBI. Study 2 provides results of a confirmatory factor analysis yielding a 3-factor model measuring Control, Consequences, and Coping associated with sexual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Concurrent and discriminant validity was established with measures of theoretically related and dissimilar constructs. The psychometric properties of the HBI suggest it reflects the proposed DSM-V classification criteria for hypersexual disorder and has both the clinical and research utility to advance a more comprehensive understanding of hypersexuality.


At the same time can improve the light sensitivity of the photodiodes, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and a semiconductor device that can improve the productivity products. After the photodiode is formed in a resin layer on the upper surface of the formed substrate, to remove a resin layer on the photodiode after exposing the surface of the light receiving area of the photodiode, into a which a photodiode expose the surface of the light receiving area on the mold, and by charging the mold resin from the outer surface of the lower portion of the photo diode in a mold for making a semiconductor device, in the step of exposing the light-receiving area, to surround the outer periphery of the light receiving region in the resin layer by removing the outer resin layer of the light receiving area is surrounded groove the form. Surrounding groove, the light receiving region, the photodiode


A device to secure payments or transactions made with a smart card and validate the identity of the smart card holder using a client/server biometric control operation, regardless of whether the payments or transactions are made directly at a point of sale or indirectly. A client/server-type system authenticates the identity of a smart card holder, based on the use of the smart card and on the identification of the holder by biometric data which are stored on an extended memory smart card and compared with biometric data from an external, remote database that is secured and operated by the third-party authentication server or by the financial institution, but which, for reasons of security and performance, are not transferred over the telecommunication network.


Background and aim Copper is an essential trace element involved in oxidative stress reactions and energy metabolism. While nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to metabolic dysfunction, the role of copper in the development of simple steatosis (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still unclear. We aimed to compare serum copper levels between patients with simple steatosis and those with NASH. Methods and results We studied 102 patients with biopsy-proven NASH (cases) and 102 NAFL controls, who were matched for age, sex, and residential city. Multivariable conditional logistic analysis was performed to explore associations between serum copper levels and the presence of NASH. Serum copper levels were significantly lower in patients with NASH than in those with matched NAFL controls (15.53 ± 2.41 μmol/l vs. 16.34 ± 3.23 μmol/l; P = 0.029). This intergroup difference in serum copper levels was more pronounced in men than in women. The per unit, per SD, and per doubling of serum copper levels were associated, respectively, with an approximately 20, 40, and 90% decrease in risk of having NASH, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusion Lower serum copper concentrations are significantly associated with higher prevalence of NASH among biopsied-proven NAFLD patients, particularly in men.


Arid and semiarid grasslands around the world are heavily suffering from shrub encroachment. However, the shrub encroachment process is still poorly understood, especially when historical data field samples are insufficient. High-spatial-resolution (HSR) remotely sensed data provides the only large-scale historical record of grasslands. This study investigated the population structure of Caragana genus plants, a typical shrub in the temperate arid and semiarid grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. Shrub individuals were identified from HSR images and the age of shrub individuals were estimated, then a caragana population age structure which can calculate mortality and regeneration was established with a negative exponential function.


Focusing on developing countries, this course studies the relationship between law and development. Efforts to change law in order to promote development are its core concern. These efforts have been conducted for centuries by national and local leaders. In the last twenty years, however, international organizations, foreign aid agencies, and local and international nongovernmental organizations have become extraordinarily active, spending hundreds of millions of dollars every year.


The article analyzes the chamber instrumental piano trios created by V. Rotaru at the beginning of the century, which make up the cycle under the general name INO. The theoretical and interpretative aspects of the music, the history of the creation are considered in detail, some practical recommendations are given. The study aims to fill in the gaps in the field of research into the composer's chamber instrumental music and draw attention to the important role of the piano in his work in general and in the presented Cycle in particular.


Coal-fired power plants face potential difficulties in a carbon constrained world. The traditional advantage of coal as a cheaper fuel may erode in the future if CO2 allowance prices increase. When would it be optimal to abandon a coal station and obtain its salvage value? We assess this question following the Real Options approach. We consider the case of a coal plant that operates in a deregulated electricity market where natural gas-fired plants are the marginal units. We assume specific stochastic processes for the fundamental uncertainties in our model: coal price, natural gas price, and emission allowance price. The underlying parameters are derived from actual futures markets. They are further used in a three-dimensional binomial lattice to assess the decision to abandon. We draw the optimal exercise boundary. Sensitivity analyses (regarding fuel prices, allowance price, volatilities, useful life, residual value, thermal efficiency, safety valves in carbon prices, time step) are also undertaken.


In Stones Anthony Seaton recalls the types of stones he has collected over the years- oil shale, haematite, anthracite, quartz, and limestone, and the memories from each.


The spread of illegal drugs use has caused numerous societal problems. There is an urgent need to enhance people awareness of the harms caused by drugs and resistance against drugs use. In order to prevent drugs abuse, nationwide anti-drug campaigns were launched to enhance and promote anti-drug propaganda in Taiwan. However, the traditional lecture-based instructional approach makes anti-drug boring and becomes less attractive. A promising and alternative approach was to make the anti-drug campaign more interesting and effective. In this study, we applied the virtual reality technology for the public to increase their knowledge about illegal drugs and consequence of drug use, to strengthen commitment to deny drug use and to enhance the attention and awareness of drugs. Thirty-three volunteers with an average age from 15 to 60 participated in the study in Taiwan. The results of this study revealed that the ease of use and usefulness influenced individual's flow experience and the flow experience is the strongest determinant of individual's satisfaction of the anti-drug virtual reality promotion.


The F<inf>4</inf> set of complex functions: ̿F<inf>4</inf> = ̿F<inf>4</inf>(a,c;x,̿ε,ρ,α), ̄F<inf>4</inf> = ̄F<inf>4</inf>(a,c;x,̄µ,ρ,α), ̃F<inf>4</inf> = ̃F<inf>4</inf>(a,c;x,̃ε,ρ,α), equation and ̃F<inf>4lim</inf> = ̃F<inf>4lim</inf>(a,c;x,̃ε,ρ,α) is defined by means of the complex Kummer and Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions Φ(a,c;x) and Ψ(a,c;x), and the real ordinary and modified Bessel ones, J<inf>v</inf>(y) and I<inf>v</inf>(u), (a=c/2-jk-complex; c=3; x=jz; k, z, equation, ̄ε, ̄ε, ρ, α y, u - real; −∞ < k < +∞ in case of ̿F<inf>4</inf> and ̄F<inf>4</inf>; and |k| < |K<inf>lim</inf>|, |k| > |K<inf>lim</inf>|, and |k| = |K<inf>lim</inf>|, equation in case of ̃F<inf>4</inf>, equation and ̃F<inf>4lim</inf>, resp.; z > 0; ̿ε > 1, ̄ε = 1, 0 < ̃ε < 1; 0 < ρ < 1, if ̿F<inf>4</inf> and ̄F<inf>4</inf>; |α| > |α<inf>lim</inf>|, if ̃F<inf>4</inf>; |α| < |α<inf>lim</inf>|, if equation and |α| = |α<inf>lim</inf>|, if ̃F<inf>4lim</inf> are (is) concerned, (|α<inf>lim</inf>|= √1 − ̃ε); α<inf>−</inf> < 0, α<inf>+</inf> > 0; y > 0, u > 0; v=0.1). The infinite sequences of positive real numbers K<inf>4±</inf>(c,ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>,n,k<inf>±</inf>=|k<inf>±</inf>η(c)<inf>k±</inf>,n(ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>) and M<inf>4±</inf>(c,ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>,n,k<inf>±</inf>)= |a<inf>±</inf>|η(c)<inf>k±</inf>,n(ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>) are constructed in which η(c)<inf>k±</inf>,n(ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>) are the n th positive purely imaginary zeros of the F<inf>4</inf> functions in x, n=1,2,3ߪ, sgn k= sgn α and the parameters acquire the values pointed out. The class of L<inf>4</inf> numbers, involving the subclasses ̿L<inf>4±</inf> = ̿L<inf>4±</inf>(c,̿ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>,n), ̄L<inf>4±</inf> = ̄L<inf>4±</inf>(c,̄ε,ρ,α<inf>±</inf>,n) is advanced. Each of its elements equals the common limits of the sequences mentioned, put together of the zeros of the respective F<inf>4</inf> function, attained, provided k<inf>+</inf> → +∞ or K<inf>−</inf> → −∞ (the subscripts "+", "−" correspond to the relevant sign of k). Some values of the quantities L<inf>4</inf> are computed and presented in a tabular form. The significance of the numbers considered for the theory of waveguides is debated.


This paper presents a novel method of nonlinear control for phase-locked loop induction motor speed regulation system (PLRS),which depends on the passivity-based control and ensures PLRS global stability.The behaior of reference states (steady states) is designed for the PLRS to be locked-in.The dynamics of PLRS is improved by the introduction of the damp.


This paper puts forward to develop distributed submarine warfare simulation system with Java EE/EJB component technology. Model component architecture is compartmentalized according to submarine warfare logic. The paper designs software structure of distributed submarine warfare simulation system,analyzes technology protocol of the system, and researches realization way of distributed submarine warfare simulation system.


"V' ' HE harbour and the upper reaches of the Haiho rapidly silted up and the port was closed to sea-going vessels by the middle of June." From the latest (I933) report of the Maritime Customs to the earliest, the navigational problems of the port of Tientsin have called for attention. For Tientsin is an important port, the leading port of North China; with only two southern ports, Shanghai and Hongkong, surpassing it in value of either their foreign trade or their total trade.' The greatness of the port lies, in fact, in the sources whence the navigational difficulties arise; for Tientsin, 35 miles from the head of the Gulf of Chihli, offers the nearest sea outlet for the North China plain with its abundant harvests and its silt-laden rivers. The more important waterways of North China, excluding the Hwang Ho but including the Grand Canal, focus on Tientsin. Its tributary territory stretches out to the Mongolian plateau and included part of Manchuria until the present alienation of the province of Jehol, an event "likely to have a permanent effect on the prosperity of Tientsin." Under stress of military disturbances in recent years, part of the trade from the northern part of the area has been diverted from Tientsin. It is estimated that the port lost four-fifths of its normal wool trade in I926 for this reason. Influences have been active, too, in an endeavor to divert Mongolian products from the KalganTientsin route to that of the Chinese Eastern Railway. The area from which most of the trade of Tientsin comes is about equal in size to the United States east of the Mississippi River. From its early days as a treaty port raw cotton has figured as a principal export of Tientsin, and it still continues to head the export list. Wool, another important staple, had dropped to fourth place by I931, but it gained in 1933 and nearly offset the loss in cotton in that year. Wool comes chiefly from Kansu and Mongolia. Other important exports are hides and skins, also in large part from Mongolia; eggs and egg products, beans, tobacco, and walnuts from the plain; bristles from northern Hopei and Manchuria; and carpets and rugs manufactured in Tientsin.2 The commercial status of Tientsin gives it advantages in the trend from the household type of manufacturing to the factory, and already the city has important rayon and cotton-weaving establishments as well as carpet factories.3 A careful analysis of the import trade in cotton piece goods is


The Schönhage-Strassen algorithm (SSA) is the de-facto standard for multiplication of large integers. For N-bit numbers it has a time bound of O(N log N log log N). De, Kurur, Saha and Saptharishi (DKSS) presented an asymptotically faster algorithm with a better time bound of N• log N• 2O(log* N). For this paper, a simplified DKSS multiplication was implemented. Assuming a sensible upper limit on the input size, some required constants could be precomputed. This allowed to simplify the algorithm to save some complexity and run-time. Still, run-time is about 30 times larger than SSA, while memory requirements are about 2.3 times higher than SSA. A possible crossover point is estimated to be out of reach even if we utilized the whole universe for computer memory.


As a special form of social production,corporate culture is inseparable from legal guarantees.Coal enterprises is an important pillar of China's energy industry,and they have accumulated a wealth of corporate culture through years of development. Through analysis of contemporary coal enterprise culture,we can understand the importance of its integration with the rule of law,and strive to explore and cultivate a good law culture in coal enterprises,which will provide a strong guarantee for the restructuring and development of coal enterprises.


The association of a model, heterocyclic compound capable of forming two intramolecular hydrogen bonds was studied with the use of various anionic and neutral species in highly polar solvents, but also, for some of them, in chloroform. The hydrogen bonding of anions was tuned through the substituents present in their structures. This approach was used in distinguishing which part of the bisurea heterocyclic derivative is preferred during complex formation. Neutral counterparts capable of forming three or five hydrogen bonds were also used. Moreover, triple association was probed, suggesting the formation of a complex only in chloroform. DFT computations were helpful in the interpretation of the experimental data related to complicated equilibria. These are based on the energy of rotation about single bonds, energy of interaction and QTAIM-based energies of hydrogen bonds.


Anionic polymerizations with an anthracene-derived initiator are described as giving rise to polymers containing only one chromophore on each chain. The approach taken herein involves the deprotonation of dihydroanthracene (1) and the initiation of methyl methacrylate, vinylpyridine and styrene polymerization by the corresponding monohydromonoanion 2. Polymer-analogous aromatization of the initiator generates a polymer end-capped with an anthracene chromophore. Anthracene-containing initiators are used also in the ring-opening cationic polymerization of 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline (3). The anthracene-labelled polymers poly(methyl methacrylate) (4a), polyvinylpyridine (5a), polystyrene (6a) and polyphenyloxazoline (7) are examined by gelpermeation chromatography (GPC), ultraviolet (UV) and NMR measurements. The coupling of two anthracene-labelled polymers via the [4π + 4π] cycloaddition between the terminal anthracene moieties is described.


The issue of authority lies at the centre of Kafka's Der Prozess. That K. is subject to the authority of the law is clear from the opening sentence: "Jemand muste Josef K. verleumdet haben, denn ohne das er etwas Boses getan hatte, wurde er eines Morgens verhaftet" (Der Prozess 7). 1K. would like to know why two warders have come to arrest him. "Wir sind nicht dazu bestellt, Ihnen das zu sagen" (8), they reply. And yet, since he is arrested, he is presumably under the power of somebody or something – and that has happened, so he believes, without having done anything wrong. "Welcher Behorde gehorten sie an?" (9) – K. wonders. Whatever authority it is, it is a strange one, for the warders want K. to give them his clothes rather than hand them in at the depot, where they say a lot of thieving goes on. They seem therefore to be associated with a corrupt institution. K.'s quest to know the nature of the Law they serve and to ascertain by what authority and for what reason he is arrested is the cause of his many subsequent encounters with various officials of the Court. The significance of the Court and the nature of K.'s guilt under the Law have been given many different interpretations. The Court has been seen as both an essentially benevolent agent (Marson 13f., Lasine 195) and an evil one (Anders 88, Buber 60f., Heller 303f., Kaiser 23-49, Tauber 84ff., Uyttersprot 41, Wilson 165-169), and its status has been held to be metaphysical (Thomas 42-49), religious (Brod 137, Kelly 165), or psychological, the last representing either K.'s unconscious mind (Sokel, Tragik 110, 235, 556, Hiebel 180, Robertson 93-94, 106) or a hallucinatory fantasy of his imagination (Beisner, Erzahler, 39ff., Schacht 44, Mache 19). K.'s guilt has been seen as existential (Sokel, K.'s Court 5, 17, Weltsch 44), moral (Robertson 97-104, Marson 8, 15f., 43ff., Lasine 187, 194f.), that of an


The strategy for achieving continuous productivity improvement in engineering and technology management has been crucial for enterprises and countries during the last decade. Within this paper, we are looking for a feasible and reliable strategy providing a smooth context in which the human–technology system could move to achieve continuous productivity improvement. The new and emerging strategy, from the author's point of view, moves through the most successful technical strategies in the production process during the last decade: total quality control (TQC), just in time (JIT), factory automation (FA) and total production maintenance (TPM). Focus is on the human side of advanced manufacturing systems within an effective strategy for 'continuous productivity improvement'.


In July 1993, DePaul University integrated its information technology and service functions under a new division of University Planning and Information Technology. This restructuring consolidated formerly fragmented services to achieve a unified direction for information technology closely aligned with University goals. This case study discusses the framework, process, and strategies for the restructuring and experiences during the first eighteen months.


Diffractive lenses for laser diode beam focusing collimating and coupling have wide applications. Large numerical aperture and high light efficiency are important issues for the coupling lenses. Numerical aperture of a typical laser diode beam can be as large as NA ~ 0.5. To capture the highly divergent beam the lens must have a low F-number of F/1 ~ F/2. Coupling the laser beam into an optic fiber with an acceptance angle of NA ~ 0.1 - 0.2 needs even larger numerical aperture of the lens.


The use of 13C2 breath tests to measure substrate oxidation in neonates is increasing as it is non-invasive. No standards are available for 13C retention in the bicarbonate pool in the neonate nor for effects of birthweight, gestational age, energy or protein intake. A primed constant infusion of NaH13C2 over 4 h was used with open circuit indirect calorimetry. 13C recovery was measured in 15 neonates (gestational age 28-39wk;postnatal age 2-52d) on varying amounts of IV feeding. Recovery of tracer in breath ranged from 69.6-83.5%. This was significantly correlated with 1) energy intake (37-114kcal/kg/d); 2) metabolic rate (34.6-56.lkcal/kg/d); 3) VCO2 (4.86-7.43ml/kg/min) as shown below.There was no correlation with protein or fat intake. It was concluded that a higher energy intake and thus a higher metabolic rate induces higher turnover of the bicarbonate pool with more tracer recovery. The 13C excretion most significantly correlated with energy intake (y=64.2+0.1667EI). This equation can be used to calculate the correction factor when doing constant infusion substrate oxidation studies with a 13C label.


Background and purpose: Post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer patients is associated with cardiac and pulmonary complication. By utilizing different respiratory gating techniques the absorbed dose to the heart and lung can decrease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare enhanced inspiration gating (EIG) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH). The use of visual guidance for both the techniques was also evaluated.

Material and methods: Twenty healthy female volunteers were included in the study.The volunteers performed both EIG and DIBH, with and without visual guidance. A 3 mm gating window was introduced at an individual amplitude, based on a practice session, for both EIG and DIBH. To monitor the breathing and to have access to visual guidance the Catalyst(C-RAD positioning AB, Uppsala, Sweden) was used. Parameters such as reproducibility, stability and attendance in the gating window (PGW) were evaluated. Possible advantages of a pre-set delay of the irradiation when the patient's chest entered the gating window were also investigated. The study also included pressure measurements with the I-scan system and sensor model 9801 (Tekscan Inc., South Boston, USA) which was placed under the patients scapulars. These novel pressure measurements were used to evaluate if there was any risk of patient lifting to enter the gating window, and thus not increase the spatial distance between the heart and the target volume. One last step in the study was to see how long the volunteers were able to hold their breath in the gating window.

Results: Spontaneously, without visual guidance, the volunteers breathe significantly deeper using DIBH compared to EIG, and thus increased the distance between the heart and the target volume. Theaverage chest amplitude for EIG was 10.8 ± 4.7mm (1 SD) and for DIBH 12.9 ± 5.8 mm. The reproducibility and PGW improved for both techniques when visual guidance was used. The stability did not indicate any particular trend. The pressure measurements showed that there was a possible risk that the volunteerslifted from the couch, which was more prominent for high amplitudes (∼2.5 cm) and when visually guided. The volunteers where able to hold their breath 57.2 ± 22.5 s on average.

Conclusion: According to this study there are major advantages using DIBH and visual guidance. DIBH resulted in higher amplitudes which could result in cardiac and pulmonary dose sparing. To prevent patient lifting, patients should not be pushed to perform too high amplitudes. There are no benefits of changing gating method from EIG to DIBH if no visual guidance can be provided regarding reproducibility, stability and PGW.


The article highlights the key aspects of the interpretation of "staff-technology" category, determined the staff-technology's composition and proved the necessity of their integrated use in human resource management practices.


ABSTRACT This essay shares the barriers and opportunities encountered whilst trying to adopt a more exploratory and curious position with parents, as a Newly Qualified Social Worker in an Inner London Child Protection service. This was influenced by systemic theory and an aspiration to relationship-based practice, with an assumption that this would open up conversations with parents. My findings point to a discomfort and uncertainty within the position of the Newly Qualified Social Worker, but that use of techniques drawn from narrative therapy and Motivational Interviewing enabled more exploratory practice. The parent's perception of the wider Child Protection system appeared to be as influential as their relationship with the individual social worker, and the implications for this on social worker practice are discussed.


Secukinumab (SEC) is an effective and widely used drug in psoriatic disease and axial spondyloarthritis. However, SEC has been found to be associated with inflammatory conditions and vasculitis. These inflammatory adverse effects may complicate the treatment of underlying disease, and clinicians may experience difficulties in recognizing and managing this unusual condition.


The threedimensional supper resolution properties of a doublet are analyzed by the scalar theory of diffraction. The numerical results from the designed doublet show that the intensity of the main disk is 57.14 times as much as that of the secondary disk, and 2.25 times as much as that of the main disk produced by only using a single lens. And the radius of the main disk is 0.49 times as much as that of a single lens. Though the intensity rate of the main disk and the secondary disk along the optical axis is basically the same as that of a single lens, the depth of focus of the doublet is smaller than that of a single lens. These results indicate that the supper resolution in both transeverse and axial directions can be obtained meanwhile by the use of doublet. It is found by comparison that the 3D imaging power of the doublet is better than those of either annular or phase pupils. Therefore, the doublet can become a perfect element in the 3D imaging of confocal microscopes and in nearfield optical recording.


Presentation of Case A thirty-four-year-old woman entered the hospital because of weakness and icterus. Eight months previously, after the excision of a pilonidal cyst at another hospital, gradually increasing fatigue and anorexia, with occasional nausea and vomiting, developed. During that time she lost 40 pounds in weight. Two months before entry progressive swelling of the abdomen appeared, with associated diffuse, aching abdominal pain and eructation. Vomiting without hematemesis began to occur about twice weekly, and she complained of mild epistaxis and easy bruising of the skin. The weakness became extreme, and she spent the major part of the two weeks . . .


As Palaestrio works to formulate a plan, Periplectomenus looks on and describes the sequence of physical gestures through which the wily slave manifests his mental exertions. It is not difficult for the modern reader to imagine the sight gags that might have accompanied this little monologue, but Periplectomenus' reaction to one pose presents its own interpretative challenges (Plaut. Mil. 209–12):