In the last years, with the advances in the mechanisms of obtaining evidence in criminal organizations, much has been discussed about the limits of action of police officers, especially in the area of police infiltration. It is a fact that although there is a specific legislation on the subject (Law 12.850 / 2013) there is still a series of discussions about the punishable conduct of the agent and the use of anti-juridical exclusion. In this context, the purpose of this article is to analyze how the exclusionists of unlawfulness, typicality and guilt can be used to justify the crimes or crimes committed by infiltrated police officers for the success of the investigations. From a literature review, it was evident that the crimes committed by undercover agents must be rigorously and cautiously evaluated, given that the current legislation does not specifically address the exceptions to be taken into account in the course of the proceedings. investigative actions.


Electrochemical machining(ECM) is always used for the production of difficult-to-machine material.This paper introduces the method of machining micro-hole by ECM.The results of experiments show that the position of micro-blind hole center has microprotrusion.Its cause is expounded,through analyzing the electrical field on the interface of workpiece by the finite element method(FEM).


Fuel pellets are a refined bio fuel mostly consisting of residues from sawmills and wood industry. At Rindi Vasterdala AB's combined bio energy plant in Vansbro fuel pellets are produced, while the ...


Review(s) of: The Advocate General and EC Law, by Noreen Burrows and Rosa Greaves, Oxford University Press, 2007, 456pp, 55 Hbk, ISBN 978-0199299003. Includes footnotes.


Anisotropic properties of cold and hot rolled plates were studied by the growth on thermal cycling, thenmal expansion coefficients in rolling and transverse directions, and inverse pole figures in the rolling plane. Preferred orientation was found by reductions in thickness in cold or hot rolling. The difference between the thermal expansion coefficients in rolling and transverse directions was increased with increased reductions, but was less in 550 deg C rolling than in room temperature or 300 deg C rolling. No essential difference in preferred orientation between room temperature and 300 deg C rolling was found. (7, 17, 19) - STAl10! main component and (4, 17-bar, 20) - STA410! minor components were observed. (auth)


Functional data analysis usually enforces monotonicity by letting f be the integral of eg. However, 616 setting f = eg would imply that F ′(r) = −eg(r) < 0 so F is strictly decreasing. Instead we want to 617 allow F to be constant at short distances, or to decrease quadratically with F ′(r) = 0, F ′′(r) < 0. 618 Using g+ or H(g+) in (4) lets those happen. 619 It would be more objective to let the data "decide" if F is monotone decreasing, but that was 620 not successful. Our initial approach made f a spline (f(d) = ∑ bjφj(d)), with a third-derivative 621 roughness penalty on f so that the roughness penalty would not favor Exponential over Gaussian 622 kernels or vice versa. When this was tried on test data (similar to the simulation study described 623 in the main paper for neighborhood competition), the estimated kernel F was increasing at small 624 distances, largest at a small but positive d value, then decreased to 0 as d → ∞. This happened 625 because plants have few conspecific competitors in their immediate vicinity, presumably due to 626 intraspecific competition (Figure AppS1.2). The fit near d = 0 was therefore dictated by the 627 roughness penalty (e.g., quadratic extrapolation from the region where the data are not sparse). 628 The data at very small distances are too sparse to "decide" whether the function is monotonic or 629 not, so we impose this as a constraint. 630


Pacemaker lead perforation is a recognized complication of lead implantation, particularly with active fixation leads. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is emerging as the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing lead perforation, identifying associated sequelae such as pericardial effusion and planning extraction. We present a case illustrating the use of MDCT in a case of right ventricular (RV) lead perforation manifesting 5 days after cardiac resynchronization therapy pacing.


To analyze a microstrip antenna consisting of a lossy metal, we proposed a scheme for a method of moments (MoM) to completely implement a zero-thickness impedance boundary condition (IBC). This model is more accurate for lossy metal than other boundary conditions, such as a resistive sheet model. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is numerically demonstrated by comparing antenna parameters, such as the scattering parameter, directivity, gain, and efficiency, computed by two commercial tools, FEKO and HFSS. These tools and the proposed scheme were applied to two microstrip antennas made from lossy metals with various conductivity.


The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of firms that went public on Madrid Stock Exchange in the period 1985–1997. Results show that no relation exists between the ownership structure of a firm and the decline in returns subsequent to its going public, although a signaling effect does exist with respect to the quality of the firm that is associated with the percentage of equity retained at the moment of going public. On the other hand, the decline in returns appears to be determined by the firms exploiting the existence of windows of opportunity and by the adjustment made by firms in their profit figures.


ABSTRACT The article attempts to present the monograph Enlightenment and Revolution: The Making of Modern Greece by Paschalis M. Kitromilides, through its main protagonist, Adamantios Korais. Special emphasis is given to the main feature of the book, which is linking the history of ideas with the history of material life, ie theory and practice. In this way, the historiographical method of Kitromilides and its originality are examined at the same time.


PURPOSE
Verification of whether pharmacotherapeutic follow-up improves arterial blood pressure (BP) was conducted, and whether this improvement alters the quality of life of patients with resistant hypertension in a university teaching hospital in Brazil was determined.

METHODS
A prospective survey of 44 patients was carried out over a period of 20 months. Each patient was followed up for 12 months. Pharmaceutical care was assessed using the following methods: measurement of the office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring, adherence to therapy, drug-related problems, and the use of health care facilities (urgent care visits and hospital admissions). The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients was also assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and a physical symptoms profile.

RESULTS
The majority (95.5%) of patients adhered to the treatment throughout the study, and there was a significant reduction in BP (p < 0.05). Nearly all of the domains of HRQOL assessed by SF-36 remained unchanged during the follow-up except for a significant improvement in social functioning (p = 0.041). There was a significant reduction in moderate and severe physical symptoms (p = 0.005). There were also significant reductions in the number of urgent care visits (p = 0.0001) and hospital admissions (p = 0.006).

CONCLUSION
The pharmaceutical care provided by a pharmacist in an ambulatory care clinic in Brazil improved BP, adherence to antihypertensive medications, and the social functioning of patients with resistant hypertension.


Robotic manipulation of deformable materials is a challenging task that often requires realtime visual feedback. This is especially true for deformable linear objects (DLOs) or "rods", whose slender and flexible structures make proper tracking and detection nontrivial. To address this challenge, we present mBEST, a robust algorithm for the realtime detection of DLOs that is capable of producing an ordered pixel sequence of each DLO's centerline along with segmentation masks. Our algorithm obtains a binary mask of the DLOs and then thins it to produce a skeleton pixel representation. After refining the skeleton to ensure topological correctness, the pixels are traversed to generate paths along each unique DLO. At the core of our algorithm, we postulate that intersections can be robustly handled by choosing the combination of paths that minimizes the cumulative bending energy of the DLO(s). We show that this simple and intuitive formulation outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for detecting DLOs with large numbers of sporadic crossings ranging from curvatures with high variance to nearly-parallel configurations. Furthermore, our method achieves a significant performance improvement of approximately 50% faster runtime and better scaling over the state of the art.


Probabilistic graphical models show great promise in resolving uncertainty within large systems by using probability theory. However, the focus is usually on problems with a discrete representation, or problems with linear dependencies. The focus of this study is on graphical models as a means to solve a nonlinear system, specifically the structure and motion problem. For a given system, our proposed solution makes use of multivariate Gaussians to model parameters as random variables, and sigma point linearisation to capture all interrelationships as covariances. This technique does not need in-depth knowledge about given nonlinearities (such as Jacobian matrices) and can therefore be used as part of a general solution. The aim of structure and motion is to generate a 3D reconstruction of a scene and camera poses, using 2D images as input. We discuss the typical feature based structure and motion pipeline along with the underlying multiview geometry, and use this theory to find relationships between variables. We test our approach by building a probabilistic graphical model for the structure and motion problem and evaluating it on different types of synthetic datasets. Furthermore, we test our approach on two real-world datasets. From this study we conclude that, for structure and motion, there is clear promise in the performance of our system, especially on small datasets. The required runtime quickly increases, and the accuracy of results decreases, as the number of feature points and camera poses increase or the noise in the inputs increase. However, we believe that further developments can improve the system to the point where it can be used as a practical and robust solution for a wide range of real-world image sets. We further conclude that this method can be a great aid in solving similar types of nonlinear problems where uncertainty needs to be dealt with, especially those without well-known solutions.


In many developing countries there is a tremendous demand for communication and information services, but conventional wired infrastructure to implement them is lacking. Wireless communication is easier and cheaper to introduce and to maintain, especially in remote and less developed areas. Based on the analysis of a distributed health care information system in Tanzania, the main requirements of wireless data communication in developing countries are derived and the suitability of wireless technologies is discussed. In order to cope with the limited bandwidth and unreliability of wireless communication links as well as to reduce communication costs, wireless information systems need to employ data replication. Therefore, this chapter also proposes a replication strategy for such wireless health care information systems in developing countries like Tanzania, and assesses its performance in terms of communication costs using workload characteristics from the Tanzanian case study.


We shall come across the Manichaean texts of the Middle Persian, Coptic, Greek, and Arabian. In these texts specially we find several words, Nrjmyg, SAIS Συζυγος, Tawm as the Mediator between the Father of Light and the Apostle (Mani). The six translations of these words is (1) Twin or Pair, (2) Familiar, (3) Double, (4) Companion, (5) Consort, (6) Angel. The texts about these words is the Middle Persian fragmentary texts "M49 II", Coptic texts "Manichaische Homilien", "Manichaean Psalm-Book" and "Kephalaia" and new Greek texts "Kolner Codex".From these texts I may conclude that the Twin as the Mediator of Mani was angelic. As to this conception of the Mediator there are some difference between his first and second revelation. Above all, in the period of the second revelation, the conception of the Mediator changed from Angel to Twin or Pair-Companion.When he entered upon his mission, the so-called three books in the canon were already completed. He said to his disciples: "the Pragmateia, the Book of the Secrets and Book of the Giants are gifts bestowed (written) by the Twin of Light. Other books in the canon is the Great Living Gospel given by the Envoy and the Treasure of Life given by the Column of Glory." Namely the two books was given by Mediators as Iranian "Manvahmed vazurg (the Great Nous)", and came later.Therefore the revelation in the three books and other both books each reflects the change of the religious thought of Mani. The former represents his early idea, the latter his later idea.I may conclude that the conception of the Mediator in the revelation of Mani changed gradually from the Jewish Christian or Mandaean Gnosis to the Iranian Gnosis (Twin→the Great Nous.)


Introduction Hypertension is a chronic disease with high prevalence and low control rates. This study aimed to analyze the blood pressure control in hypertensive elderly followed up in a Family Health Unit and its associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional study, with patient records analysis of 190 hypertensive elderly women. Patients' blood pressure was considered to be under control if lower than 140/90mmHg. For statistical analysis, we calculated the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval for controlled and not controled blood pressure, according to the association of some factors. Multivariate analyzes were conducted using logistic regression. Results Of the 190 patients followed up, 108 (56.8%) had controlled blood pressure. In logistic regression analysis, the variables of being older than 70 years (p = 0.03) and reside in the area furthest from the facility (p = 0.002) were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. Conclusion Although the control rate in this population is high when compared with literature, measurements should be implemented to increase this rate and avoid future complications.


This report describes about the houses in Sakhalin before World War 2 and the present age. We first deal with the general condition and current state of the houses in the Japanese colonial periods such as the company's houses in the former of the Oji-Paper Company, the official residences of the Karafuto-Cho (the Local Government of Southern Sakhalin during the Japanese Colonial Period) and the Official Residence of the Commander of the Karafuto-Guards built in 1908. Secondly, we show the investigation result of the space composition of Kbartiras (Russian flats) and Dachas (Russian Private Garden and Summerhouses), which are present housing styles in Sakhalin, and examine the principles of the characteristic of the northern type houses and the present lifestyle in Russia and the typical northern lifestyle.


In January 2003, in an academic ceremony attended by many professors of the medical faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, and many coworkers in the ENT clinic, Professor Schumacher, Dean of the Medical Faculty, awarded the honorary doctorate of the medical faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs University to Professor Noel L Cohen of New York. This is the highest award the medical faculty can confer and has been given to Professor Cohen for his achievements, especially in the fields of cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation. The Dean read the citation document in Latin, as is traditional. This is the first time that the medical faculty has awarded an honorary doctorate since 1990. The doctorate was first awarded to an otologist in 1878, Professor Carl Rudolph Thiry from Freiberg. The second ENT specialist to receive this award was George E Shambaugh from Chicago in 1967. Other famous personalities from science, industry and politics have received this doctorate, for example: Hans Poppar, New York; Jan Friedrich Tonnies, Freiburg; Georg von Hevesy, Stockholm; Konrad Adenauer, Bonn; and Hans Adolf Krebs, Oxford. The award of this honorary doctorate to Professor Cohen was on the initiative of Professor Roland Laszig, who also gave the following laudation for Professor Cohen.


Objective To elucidate the influence of simulated weightlessness on adult left heart function with myocardial performance indices obtained by echocardiography.Methods Twelve young men volunteered to simulate weightlessness condition by continuous-60 head-down tilt bed rest.Echocardiographic examinations were arranged at 10 min,10th day and 20th day after the the experiment,respectively,in prostration under quiescent condition.Tissue Doppler figures were collected from apical four-chamber view,and the technique of quantitative tissue velocity imaging was adopted to measure and calculate myocardial performance indices of left ventricle.The data were proceeded by SPSS 11.0,and the differences among these groups were compared by the analysis of variance.Results There were no differences in the myocardial performance indices of left heart among the control group,10th day group and 20th day group.Conclusion Continuous simulated weightlessness could not change the total function of healthy adult left heart within this experimental time.


The manuscript entitled "Insights into the abnormal increase of ozone during COVID-19 in a typical urban city of China" by Kun Zhang et al. explored the drivers of elevated ozone concentration during COVID-19 lockdown. The manuscript provides valuable information for understanding ozone chemistry under rigorous emission reduction measures and efficiently directing ozone mitigation in the future. I would recommend publication if my following concerns are well addressed.


A stereoscopic image display apparatus includes a display unit and an image conversion unit. The display unit includes a plurality of pixel cells, wherein at least one pixel unit having a long short sides extending in a first direction and a second direction different from the extending direction of the first side. The image converting unit comprises a cylindrical lens, a lenticular lens and the pixel cells arranged in a first direction along the at least two overlapping, wherein the lenticular lenses extend in the second direction, and corresponding to the lenticular lens along the first prism a second arrangement direction.


In this paper, ACOT was provided to advise for employees in selecting the Training Courses (TCs). The courses planning process needs to abide the company's policies regarding training hours and costs. In order to avoid the courses of an employee are confined to only one or two areas, we stipulate that the selected TCs cover three or more areas. This paper uses Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to generate packages of TCs for individual employees with the maximization of utility (costs * hours) as the objective function values. Moreover, we also use an enumerate algorithm to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our ACO algorithm. The two measurements are related to the solution quality and run time required by our algorithm.


Constitutionalism as a school of thought and as a set of political and legal practices was originally a product of modern Western civilization. In the course of the last two centuries, it has spread to all corners of the earth. This paper examines and reflects on the transplant of Western models of constitutionalism to Asia, focusing on several case studies from South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia – India, China, Korea, Japan and Indonesia. It traces the origins and development of constitutionalism in the countries concerned. It considers the extent to which constitutionalism (if any) practiced in the countries concerned is "Western" or indigenous, and whether constitutionalism may be regarded as having a universal appeal far beyond the Western nations in which it originated. For the purpose of this paper, Western models of constitutionalism include both its liberal democratic form that originated in Britain, France and America, and its Leninist-Stalinist form that originated in the former Soviet Union, although the latter form can hardly be regarded as genuine constitutionalism. The transplant of Western models of in the course of colonization the and sometimes by voluntary and conscious importation or imitation as an to modernize itself when confronted by the challenges by the West some cases, liberal democratic of


1 Medical Officer District Hospital Morena (M.P.) 2 Assistant professor Dept. of Anaesthesiology G.R. Medical College Gwalior 3 Associate professor Dept. of Anaesthesiology G.R. Medical College Gwalior 4 Professor Dept. of Anaesthesiology G.R. Medical College Gwalior 5 Professor & Head of Dept. of Anaesthesiology G.R. Medical College Gwalior *Correspondence Author Dr Brijmohan Sharma, MD Anaesthesia Abstract Aims: Shivering is discomforting to the patient and Anesthesiologist both. Various drugs have been employed to abolish the occurrence of shivering. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in suppressing the perioperative shivering in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostectomy (TURP) in spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: 60 patients of ASA grade I and II, aged 40-80 years, underwent spinal anesthesia for TURP procedures were allocated randomly into 2 groups with 30 patients in each group. Group D were administered 1 mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine IV in 10 ml normal saline, while group C received similar volume of saline after achieving adequate spinal block. Haemodynamic data were recorded during preop, intraop, and postop periods. Perioperative shivering was recorded as per Crossley and Mahajanscale 12 . Side effects were also observed, recorded, and treated symptomatically. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Post Hoc Tukey HSD Test and Chi square test. Results: Two groups were comparable regarding demographic profile. None of the patients in group D developed grade 3 shivering as compared to 10 patients in group C.(P<0.05) Heart rate and mean arterial pressure also showed significant variation clinically and statistically in group D patients during and after surgery(P <0.05)). A high incidence of sedation (P<0.05)) was observed in group D, whereas the incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in group C. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems to possess antishivering properties and was found to reduce the occurrence of shivering in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.


In this paper, we investigate a class of the linear evolution process with memory in Banach space by a different approach. Suppose that the linear evolution process is well posed, we introduce a family pair of bounded linear operators, {(G(t),F(t)),t≥0}$\lbrace (G(t), F(t)),t\ge 0\rbrace$ , that is, called the resolvent family for the linear evolution process with memory, the F(t)$F(t)$ is called the memory effect family. In this paper, we prove that the families G(t)$G(t)$ and F(t)$F(t)$ are exponentially bounded, and the family (G(t),F(t))$(G(t),F(t))$ associate with an operator pair (A,L)$(A, L)$ that is called generator of the resolvent family. Using (A,L)$(A,L)$ , we derive associated differential equation with memory and representation of F(t)$F(t)$ via L. These results give necessary conditions of the well‐posed linear evolution process with memory. To apply the resolvent family to differential equation with memory, we present a generation theorem of the resolvent family under some restrictions on (A,L)$(A,L)$ . The obtained results can be directly applied to linear delay differential equation, integro‐differential equation and functional differential equations.


Rare class prediction is the data mining task aiming at building a model that can correctly identify objects or events rarely occurring in the data set. In many real life applications such as identification of intruders accessing a network system, detecting fraudulent credit card transactions, it is rare events that are of great interest. Unfortunately, traditional mining algorithms fail to predict rare events because the model are inherently built in favor of the majority class to draw common characteristics among data instances. Rare class mining is thus a challenging problem in some specific domains. We study the rare class mining problem in the context of semiconductor manufacturing process control in which fault products are rarely occurred, but once occurring they require timely detection to prevent the decrease in product yield. In this paper, we propose to use an over-sampling technique to alleviate the outnumber situation of majority class. Such sampling technique is however prone to introducing the over-fitting problem. We thus propose the remedy by applying the cluster based technique to selectively extract data instances showing discrimination characteristics. The built models from various mining algorithms have been tested with a separate data set and the results show significant improvement on the predicting accuracy.


The purpose of this work was to study the relationship of QT dispersion to the degree of coronary artery stenosis and to left ventricular dimension. The QT dispersion(QTd) in 65 patients with single-vessel coronary artery stenosis(60%)and 35 normal subjects was investigated.Among the patients were 28 with enlarged left ventricles. The results showed that QTd in stenosis patients with and without enlarged left ventricle was significantly longer than that in normal subjects, and that QTd had a positive relation to the degree of coronary artery stenosis and the left ventricular dimension. This indicates that QTd could be an index for the evaluation of degree of coronary artery stenosis and left ventricular dimension.


Lobectomy with pulmonary arterioplasty is a technically feasible alternative to pneumonectomy in selected patients with lung cancer. It is beneficial for lung function and quality of life, with no effect on oncologic results. We report on a case of left upper lobe lung cancer with invasion of the main left pulmonary artery, which was treated with lobectomy and arterioplasty of this vessel. Also, extrapleural release and intrapericardial dissection of the left superior pulmonary vein was performed.


Purpose
Reconstructing multi-layer tissue structure using cell printing to repairing complex tissue defect is a challenging task, especially using in situ bioprinting. This study aims to propose a method of in situ bioprinting multi-tissue layering and path planning for complex skin and soft tissue defects.

Design/methodology/approach
The scanned three-dimensional (3D) point cloud of the skin and soft tissue defect is taken as the input data, the depth value of the defect is then calculated using a two-step grid division method, and the tissue layer is judged according to the depth value. Then, the surface layering and path planning in the normal direction are performed for different tissue layers to achieve precise tissue layering filling of complex skin soft tissue defects.

Findings
The two-step grid method can accurately calculate the depth of skin and soft tissue defects and judge the tissue layer accordingly. In the in situ bioprinting experiment of the defect model, the defect can be completely closed. The defect can be reconstructed in situ, and the reconstructed structure is basically the same as the original skin tissue structure, proving the feasibility of the proposed method.

Originality/value
This study proposes an in situ bioprinting multi-tissue layering and path planning method for complex skin and soft tissue defects, which can directly convert the scanned 3D point cloud into a multi-tissue in situ bioprinting path. The printed result has a similar structure to that of the original skin tissue, which can make cells or growth factors act on the corresponding tissue layer targets.


The study developed and distributed a survey to measure students' preference for stimulus-response learning. The responses of undergraduate and graduate students suggest the desire to maximize grades fosters a strong preference for instructors who tell students what they need to know and exam questions that incorporate terms and keywords similar to those used in course materials. Although graduate students exhibit a strong partiality for additional elements of stimulus-response learning, they are less likely than undergraduates to prefer courses in which complex assignments are accompanied by step-by-step instructions and most of the required readings are covered by lectures. They also are less prone to focus their exam preparation on items discussed in class. Given the students' predisposition to replicate information and problem solving strategies conveyed to them, the development of creativity and critical thinking is dependent on students assuming greater responsibility for learning. Instructional strategies for achieving the outcome are discussed.


5′-Phosphorodianilidates of various N-protected nucleoside were prepared from the N-protected 5′-deoxyribomononucleotides (e.q., d-pABz-OAc) and aniline with coupling reagents, triphenylphosphine and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide, in yields ranging from 60 to 65%. The phosphorodianilidates were condensed with suitably protected mononucleotides by the above mentioned oxidation-reduction condensation to afford the dinucleotide phosphorodianilidate, such as (Remark: Graphics omitted.)d-pABzpCAn, (Remark: Graphics omitted.)d-pTpT, (Remark: Graphics omitted.)d-pABzpT in yields ranging from 50 to 75%. The phosphorodianilidates were successfully converted to the corresponding parent 5′-phosphate by treatment with isoamylnitrite.


Ling (2007), in researching the extent to which a successful community of inquiry might be established online, states that the three kinds of presence (cognitive, teaching, and social presence) associated with the model can all be achieved through online contact only. Interactive simulations and illustrations create dynamic images in the human brain which can produce a much greater depth of understanding of a concept.


Abstract The essay investigates Gray's attempt to adapt the poetical strategies of his day to express progressive political and social ideas. The way in which Gray exploits the previous tradition of presenting social reality in poetry is the starting point of the current interpretation. Reconsideration of the historical material in the prophecy of the Bard is a challenge, however, which appeared to be too innovative and hence "obscure" for the majority of readers. The poem, which obviously refers to the prophecies in Shakespeare's dramas, aimed in fact to pronounce a judgement upon Gray's own age as well. As Gray places his action in British natural settings, arranged in a Miltonic sublime space, his utterance gains the ability to deliver certain political statements, in which the Whig conservative Utopia is identified. Gray's poetocentric social project appears then to be a radical response to his own meditations in the Elegy that no spiritual potential should ever be wasted on Earth.


Background: COVID-19 has been linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms, including delirium, depression/anxiety, PTSD, and rarely, severe neuropsychiatric impairment. However, much remains unknown. We present a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a patient with concurrent COVID-19 infection. Case History: A 27-year-old male who carried diagnoses of unspecified mood versus psychotic disorder was admitted with atypical psychosis and suicidal ideation. Patient initially presented to primary care with racing thoughts, delusions, depression (PHQ-9517), anxiety (GAD-7510), and new onset cognitive symptoms along with olfactory hallucinations. He endorsed daily suicidal ideations and reported using two cellphones to block suicidal waves and enhance his memory. He was admitted to inpatient psychiatry where he exhibited disorganized behavior and paranoid delusions, and reported visual hallucinations. Initial workup of EEG, brain MRI, and TSH were unremarkable. Two months after admission, he developed sore throat and fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Patient developed streaky opacites on chest X-ray, was transferred to the ICU, and intubated due to agitation. Once extubated, he experienced repeated epileptic seizures despite multiple antiepileptics, and lumbar puncture ultimately revealed anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. Symptoms slowly improved with plasmapheresis, steroids, and Rituximab. Conclusions: Case reports suggest that some patients may present with neuropsychiatric symptoms or experience neuropsychiatric sequelae following COVID-19 infection. Infection itself can precipitate an autoimmune encephalitis and may also cause neurological damage which can unmask other neuropsychiatric conditions. This case highlights that research is needed to understand the intersection between COVID-19 infection and mechanisms implicated in other neuropsychiatric disorders, including the spectrum of autoimmune encephalitides.


From the point of view of physiology, this paper analyses the distributive speed of the 16 athletes in the women's 400 - metre dash in the 6th The World Track and Field Championship. It exposes the physiological relationship between the characteristic of speed variations and speed quality in the womens 400 - metre dash.


9 Productivity of lentic ecosystems is well studied and it is widely accepted that as nutrient inputs 10 increase, productivity increases and lakes transition from lower trophic state (e.g., oligotrophic) 11 to higher trophic states (e.g., eutrophic). These broad trophic state classifications are good 12 predictors of ecosystem condition, services (e.g., recreation and aesthetics), and disservices (e.g., 13 harmful algal blooms). While the relationship between nutrients and trophic state provides 14 reliable predictions, it requires in situ water quality data in order to parameterize the model. 15 This limits the application of these models to lakes with existing and, more importantly, available 16 water quality data. To address this, we take advantage of the availability of a large national 17 lakes water quality database (i.e., the National Lakes Assessment), land use/land cover data, 18 lake morphometry data, other universally available data, and apply data mining approaches to 19 predict trophic state. Using these data and random forests, we first model chlorophyll a, then 20 classify the resultant predictions into trophic states. The full model estimates chlorophyll a with 21 both in situ and universally available data. The mean squared error and adjusted R2 of this 22 model was 0.09 and 0.8, respectively. The second model uses universally available GIS data only. 23 The mean squared error was 0.22 and the adjusted R2 was 0.48. The accuracy of the trophic 24 state classifications derived from the chlorophyll a predictions were 69% for the full model and 25 49% for the "GIS only" model. Random forests extend the usefulness of the class predictions by 26 providing prediction probabilities for each lake. This allows us to make trophic state predictions 27 and also indicate the level of uncertainty around those predictions. For the full model, these 28 predicted class probabilities ranged from 0.42 to 1. For the GIS only model, they ranged from 29 0.33 to 0.96. It is our conclusion that in situ data are required for better predictions, yet GIS 30 and universally available data provide trophic state predictions, with estimated uncertainty, that 31 still have the potential for a broad array of applications. The source code and data for this 32 manuscript are available from https://github.com/USEPA/LakeTrophicModelling. 33


Visceral pain is defined as the pain sensed as arising from the internal organs of the body. It has five clinical characteristics, including not being evoked from all viscera, not always being linked to injury, poor localization, referred pain and being accompanied with motor and autonomic reflexes [1]. Etiological factors are, but not limited to, inflammation, mechanical disruption, neoplasms, and alterations in neurotransmission from the viscera, and ischemia [2]. Visceral hypersensitivity refers to the altered pain sensation to physiological stimuli, consisting of allodynia and visceral hyperalgesia [3]. Visceral pain and visceral hypersensitivity is the common feature of many disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), interstitial cystitis/ painful bladder syndrome, pancreatitis, and many gastrointestinal functional diseases, especially irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).


At present, the term Internet of Things (IoT) is a key aspect in determining the sustainability, safety, quality and efficiency of the majority of the most important business sectors in society. The capacity to track processes that are undertaken, facilitates the recording of data of the professionals and clients involved. Identification technologies such as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) when integrated into sectorial activities, can generate multiple benefits.


In recent years the need to monitor different parameters has led to the development of several architectures able to make real time, un-attended measurements. Particularly in regard to environmental issues, it is very important that the equipment and measuring systems be small and light to avoid maximum interference of the ecosystems studied. In this context, optical fibre sensors have become extremely attractive for use in natural environments to monitor different parameters of biological interest, due to their intrinsic small weight and size and low reactivity to chemical and biological parameters. In this paper we present an innovative and technologically advanced system for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and salinity based on optical fibre Bragg grating sensors and on an optical sensing cable especially designed for large-scale and distributed or quasi-distributed measurements. A prototype of this optical cable was installed in the Mira Channel at Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Temperature variation during three weeks from 4 to 23 June 2002 is investigated and presented here.


This paper makes a survey of recent approaches in criticai reading methodology. I start with the discussion of the role of the language teacher and his responsibility as an educator; he must lead students to a criticai evaluation of texts, that ls, to acqulre a criticai sense. The present situation of Brazilian schools does not encourage students to read critically. However, important contributions have tried to deal with the problem. Consequently, in this article I review part of the current literature which deals with the teaching of criticai reading. The survey contains theoretical lssues as well as pedagogical suggestions which give evidence to the need for criticai education and thus criticai reading.


Abstract : The Soviet Union was heavily involved in providing armaments and training to Syria and other Arab countries during the 1960's, 70's and 80's. It was this support that gave Syria what it believed sufficient military strength to go to war with Israel twice during this period. It was this support that was the impetus for them to continue to oppose Israel's right to exist and sponsor state terrorism. It was this support that allowed the leadership to remain in power. And it was this support that prompted them to continue to oppose what they perceived as Western/U.S. hegemony in the region and an unswaying support for Israel. Even today, the larger of these countries still maintain a large inventory, albeit aging, of Soviet weaponry. It has been almost ten years since the breakup of the Soviet Union. What is the nature of the relationships between Syria and the countries of the former Soviet Union? Has Russia assumed the relationships of yore or have the countries resulting from the breakup established their own military ties? How are these relationships different from the Cold War era? This paper will exam the current state of relations between Syria and the various countries of the former Soviet Union and assess the current and future impact on regional relationships.


We determine sufficient conditions on positive weights W and V such that there exists continuous, strictly increasing functions @F and @J on [0, ~) such that @F(0)[email protected](0) [email protected]@[email protected]?"~|[email protected]^(0)|@[email protected][email protected]^@?"~|f(0)|>=1 whenever f:R->R is a continuous integrable function. We also give an example that shows the optimality of our conditions.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Although laparoscopy is accepted for treatment of colon cancer, its use for rectal cancer still has technical limitations. Whether a laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer is safe and beneficial remains unknown when simultaneous open upper major abdominal surgery is planned.

METHODOLOGY
Eight patients underwent laparoscopic rectal resection for primary rectal cancer combined with open upper major abdominal surgery.

RESULTS
All laparoscopic rectal resections were successful, with no conversion to open surgery. Surgical procedures included two anterior, four low or super-low anterior, and two abdominoperineal resections. There were five simultaneous liver resections for suspected synchronous liver metastasis and three gastrectomies for advanced gastric cancer. Mean operating time was 517 (377-745) min, including 235 (165-330) min for rectal resection. Mean estimated blood loss was 398 (45-1200) mL, including 78 (0-550) mL for rectal resection. There was no postoperative morbidity. Overall morbidity was lower (0 vs. 47%) and time to flatus and liquid diet was faster (2.1 vs. 3.4 and 3.5 vs. 5.6 days, respectively) in the laparoscopic resection group compared with the open group with synchronous open upper major abdominal surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
This preliminary report suggests that laparoscopic rectal resection for rectal cancer combined with open upper major abdominal surgery is a safe and feasible option in selected patients.


Black cobalt oxide coatings (high solar absorptance layer) were depos - ited on thin layers of silver or gold (low emittance layer) which had been previously deposited on oxidized (diffusion barrier layer) stainless steel substrates. The reflectance properties of these coatings were measured at Cy various thicknesses of cobalt oxide for integrated values of the solar and N infrared spectrum. The values of absorptance, m, and emittance, e,, were w calculated from the measured reflectance values before and'after exposure in air at 6500 C for approximately 1000 hours. Absorptance and emittance were interdependant functions of the weight of cobalt oxide. Also, these cobalt oxide/noble metal/oxide diffusion barrier coatings have absorptances greater than 0.90 and emittances of approximately 0.20 even after about 1000 hours at 6500 C.


This book concentrates on vibrations caused by human motion or machine operation. Man-induced vibrations occur mostly in pedestrian structures, office buildings, gymnasia and sports halls, dancing and concert halls, stadia, etc. Machine-induced vibrations occur during the operation of small machinery and tools. The book is intended to serve the practicing structural engineer and not primarily the dynamic specialist. Its aims include: -to show where dynamic problems occur and where caution is advisable; -to further the understanding of the phenomena encountered as well as of the underlying principles; -to impart the basic knowledge for assessing the dynamic behavior of the structures or structural elements; -to describe suitable measures, both preventive in the design stage and remedial in the case of rehabilitation.


Carbon cycling in the mangrove ecosystem is one of the important processes determining the potential of coastal vegetation (mangroves), sediment, and adjoining waters to carbon absorption. This paper investigates the carbon storage capacity of five dominant mangrove species (Avicenia marina, Avicenia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpous granatum) on the east coast of the Indian mangrove along with the role they play in the carbon cycling phenomenon. Soil and water parameters were analyzed simultaneously with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Above Ground Carbon (AGC) values for 10 selected stations along. The total carbon (TC) calculated from the study area varied from 51.35 ± 6.77 to 322.47 ± 110.79 tons per hectare with a mean total carbon of 117.89 ± 28.90 and 432.64 ± 106.05 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The alarm of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for reducing carbon emissions has been addressed by calculating the amount of carbon stored in biotic (mangroves) and abiotic (soil and water) compartments. This paper focuses on the technical investigations on the factors that control the carbon cycling process in mangroves. This blue carbon will help policymakers to develop a sustainable relationship between marine resource management and coastal inhabitants so that carbon trading markets can be developed, and the ecosystem is balanced.


Falicov and Kimball proposed a real-axis form for the free energy of the Falicov-Kimball model that was modified for the coherent potential approximation by Plischke. Brandt and Mielsch proposed an imaginary-axis form for the free energy of the dynamical mean field theory solution of the Falicov-Kimball model. It has long been known that these two formulas are numerically equal to each other; an explicit derivation showing this equivalence is presented here.


Theories developed in America hold that the same cognitive style informs both the pattern of an individual's social relations and his performance in certain tests. The tests used in America have largely provided problems in a visual idiom. It is hypothesized that cultures found in Africa may attune skills relatively more highly in an auditory or proprioceptive, than in the visual sphere dominant in Euro-American cultures. Results using a visual, and a mixed visual and proprioceptive test suggest a different pattern of response from African than from American subjects. This is taken to show that the sameness of cognitive style through all fields of an individual's behaviour may not occur for Africans as it may for Americans. Differences of cognitive style for proprioceptive problems may have their own correlates of social behaviour patterns, and these remain to be studied.


In planar symmetry (one-dimensional peculiar motions), using the Eulerian perturbative framework and an arbitrary initial profile, we compute the analytical evolution of the peculiar velocity and the density contrast up to the fourth order (E1-E4 approximations). From these results and the exact (Lagrangian) solutions, the accuracy of the Ej (j ≤ 4) approaches in describing the quasi-linear evolution of some particular initial profiles (overdense and underdense planar halos) are studied. For the peculiar velocity, E2 works well. On the contrary, only E3 and E4 are good descriptors of the quasi-linear regime of the density contrast in underdensities, and the situation is worse for the density contrast in overdensities. We have also analyzed the true power of the Eulerian theory in general planar problems. In spite of the apparent weakness of the Eulerian scheme in planar problems (in relation to the Lagrangian formalism, which leads to the exact solution even in the first-order approximation), we showed that this formalism is capable of yielding the exact solution to some plane-symmetric gravitational instability problems. For the E1-E4 approximations, the local relation agrees with the exact one. Moreover, for the evolution of planar cores (a top-hat initial profile or the central shell of an arbitrary inhomogeneity), it is possible to make, in a relatively simple way, a superapproach E∞, which leads to the exact solution (peculiar velocity and density contrast). We observe finally that the Eulerian formalism may, however, be a poor tracer for the evolution of planar halos. Only when a superapproach is viable does the Eulerian theory rival the Lagrangian one.


Purpose – The purpose of the research is to identify the companies' export training needs, and also to determine their preferences regarding export training subjects, methods, institutions and trainers.Design/methodology/approach – The face‐to‐face interview with company managers and owners was carried out with the pre‐tested questionnaire.Findings – The companies need training in export marketing subjects as well as the technical and practical dimensions of exporting. More active and practical issues and methods rather than traditional ones are preferable for the companies. The companies mostly prefer IGEME (Export Promotion Center of Turkey) as their export training provider. The companies in the research rank export experts as the most preferable type of trainer.Research limitations/implications – The primary limitation of the study was that it was carried out on companies operating in Turkey's Aegean Region. Therefore, the findings cannot be generalized to fit all regions.Originality/value – The liter...


Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a fruit of great interest, due to its high nutritional and potential medicinal value. Vascular wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Physali (Foph) is responsible for crop losses of up to 100% which makes necessary to identify resistant cultivars. To contribute to crop improvement processes, a physicochemical characterization was performed on fruits of 33 cape gooseberry genotypes using 18 quantitative descriptors. The genotypes were planted in the field under high and no pressure of Foph. The Student's t test detected statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the two conditions for yield, fruit cracking (%) and fruit juice pH. The principal component analysis explained in five factors 84.96% of the total variance, in which the fruit physical variables were the major contributor to the first component (41.65%). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes under high and no pressure in seven and eight clusters, respectively. Two contrasting genotypesshowing differential resistance response to the pathogen wereanalyzed for fruit antioxidant capacity, in which DPPH and ORAC methods presented significant differences (P<0.05) between the two genotypes with greater antioxidant activity in the susceptible material.


This paper reports on the tuning of both magnetic and electric responses with electric and magnetic fields for metglas-Pb (Zr,Ti)O3 based magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures that can be promising for communication and sensor applications. The hysteresis loop results indicate a change in the in-plane magnetization due to application of voltages that leads to a tuning of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency by up to about 210 MHz with electric field. Furthermore, these structures show a high ME voltage coefficient that results in the detection of a 2 nT ac magnetic field and a low noise floor.


The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of Bridgman-grown Sn 1-x Gd x Te samples with values of x up to 0.09 have been measured in fields up to 5.5 T over a temperature range from 2 to 300 K and in fields up to 23 T at 4.2 K. The low-field, high-temperature susceptibility data followed the Curie-Weiss relation with a small Curie temperature. The magnetic-field dependence of the magnetization was fitted to an expression containing a Brillouin function, representing isolated magnetic ions, plus a term representing pair interactions


A new concept for designing broadband and subwavelength profile Fabry-Perot-type antennas is introduced. A novel multilayer periodic array design is proposed, yielding two subwavelength-profile Fabry-Perot cavities that significantly enhance the bandwidth performance of the resulting highly directive antenna. The design is based on two optimized double-layer periodic arrays of dissimilar dimensions, each double-layer array consisting of a capacitive artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) layer and an inductive partially reflective surface (PRS) layer printed on either side of a dielectric substrate. They are placed at about a quarter-wavelength distance from a ground plane and from each other. Thus, two air cavities are created with a total profile of less than λ/2. The proposed antenna has been simulated in CST Microwave Studio, achieving 18.3 dBi directivity with 8% bandwidth.


Abstract In this paper we describe the space of the cusp forms with the weight k for the congruence subgroup Γ 1 ( N ), S k (Γ 1 ( N )), using Eichler-Shimura isomorphism, Shapiro lemma and the theory of group cohomology. An algorithm computing an integral basis of S k (Γ 1 ( N )) is developed. Applying the Hecke operators on the basis we can determine newforms in S k (Γ 1 ( N )).


The present research aims to find out and study the law enforcement for the
motor vehicle drivers using cellular phones in the jurisdiction of Yogyakarta Police
Resort and the obstacles encountered the police in the law enforcement for the motor
vehicle drivers using cellular phones in the jurisdiction of Yogyakarta Police Resort.
This research is normative legal research, based on secondary data as the main
data and primer data as supporting data. Because this legal research is juridical
normative then used analysis with qualitative measures focused on the substance
with reasoning process in drawing conclusions used the deductive method which
have originated to submission of major premise in form the rule of law and
submission the minor premise tha is fact of law from both cases then drawn the
conclusion.
The results of research were: (1) The use of cellular phones while driving a
motor vehicle is included the traffic violation. As for the law enforcement to the
motor vehicle drivers using cellular phones is directly handled by the officers, but the
officers did not receive the fine of violators. The subject are obligated to attend a
session in court or pay a session of costs court in Bank BRI. As for who has
obligation to carry out the law enforcement against the traffic violations for motor
vehicle drivers who use cellular phones in the Polresta Yogyakarta is the Traffic
Police Force of Polresta Yogyakarta. (2) The obstacles encountered by the police in
doing the law enforcement for motor vehicle drivers using cellular phones in the
jurisdiction of Yogyakarta Police Resort is the lack of public awareness of the road
users of dangers to use cellular phones while driving. The Government Regulation
supported the Law No. 22, 2009 on Traffic and Transportation has not been there,
and too dark window film on cars will complicate the police in enforcement because
the user does not admit it. To overcome the obstacles mentioned above, the police
have been making efforts to provide socialization to the community that using cellular
phones while driving is extremely dangerous act, the police have also proposed to the
government to make government regulation supported the Law No. 22 of 2009 that
the police had no difficulty in prosecuting the traffic violations people. Concerning
too dark window film on cars, the police had instructed the vehicle owner to replace
too dark windshield.


Modifying Protein Modification Alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a cell-surface receptor that anchors the basal lamina to the sarcolemma by binding proteins containing laminin-G domains. This binding is essential for protecting muscle from contraction-induced injury, and defective binding is thought to cause a subclass of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) in humans. Mutations in six (putative) glycosyltransferase genes have been identified in patients with CMD, suggesting that glycosylation of α-DG may confer the ability to bind laminin. Despite extensive efforts for over 20 years, the actual laminin-binding moiety has remained unclear. Now, Yoshida-Moriguchi et al. (p. 88) have identified a phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan on α-DG. This modification occurred in the Golgi via an unidentified kinase and was required for the maturation of α-DG into its laminin-binding form. A posttranslational sugar modification required to prevent certain dystrophies is identified and characterized. Alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for both extracellular matrix proteins containing laminin-G domains and certain arenaviruses. Receptor binding is thought to be mediated by a posttranslational modification, and defective binding with laminin underlies a subclass of congenital muscular dystrophy. Using mass spectrometry– and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)–based structural analyses, we identified a phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan on the mucin-like domain of recombinant α-DG, which was required for laminin binding. We demonstrated that patients with muscle-eye-brain disease and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, as well as mice with myodystrophy, commonly have defects in a postphosphoryl modification of this phosphorylated O-linked mannose, and that this modification is mediated by the like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) protein. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie congenital muscular dystrophy.


Signal processing means for processing the input signal (x) comprises an adaptive predistorter (110, 160), an amplifier (130) and a down-converter (150). An amplifier (130) for amplifying the processed signal (y ') to obtain the amplified signal (y "). Down-converter (150) for converting the processed signal (y' version a) of the amplified a version of the signal (y ") multiplied by one of the two versions of the signal which has been phase-shifting processing to obtain a first down-converted signal (z1, z1 '), and also for the re-processed signal ( y ') and the amplified signal (y ") is multiplied to obtain a second down-converted signal (z2, z2'). adaptive predistorter (110, 160) for predistortion according to the characteristics of the input signal (x) predistorting to obtain the processed signal (y '), the pre-distorter (110, 160) is further based on a first down-converted signal (z1, z1' adjustment) and the second down-converted signal (z2, z2 ') adapt predistortion characteristics.


This study was aimed at improving the teaching and learning process of reading by using Silent Card Shuffle Strategy (SCSS) for the seventh grade students at SMPN 15 Yogyakarta In The Academic Year of 2014 / 2015.
This research was action research which consisted of two cycles with three meetings in each cycle. The subjects of this research were the researcher, the collaborators, and the students of class VII J which consisted of 33 students. The data collection techniques were observations, interviews, and tests. The data were in the form of qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative data were obtained from the field notes and interview transcripts. These data were analyzed using five steps i.e. assembling the data, coding the data, comparing the data, building interpretations, and reporting the outcomes. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were obtained from the pre-test and the post-test scores. These data were analyzed by comparing the mean scores of the pre-test and the post-test. The students' mean score increased from 62,72 to 76,43.
The results of the research showed that the use of the Silent Card Shuffle Strategy (SCSS) in combination with applying various media and activities, such as words, pictures and games, could improve the teaching of reading. From the group work activities, the students could build their cooperation and improve their participation. The uses of cards and pictures could facilitate the students to understand the texts easily. Furthermore, the improvement on the students' mean scores showed that the improvement of the teaching of reading gave impacts to the students' achievement. From the data above, it can be concluded that the use of the Silent Card Shuffle Strategy (SCSS) can improve the teaching of reading.


The structure and crystal phase of the nanocrystalline powders of Ni1–xCdxFe2O4 (0≤x≤0.5) mixed ferrite, synthesized by wet chemical co-precipitation method, were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the lattice parameter increased with increasing Cd concentration. Microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy. TG/DTA studies were carried out on co-precipitated sulphate complexes. These studies revealed the low ferritization temperature (650 °C) of the ferrite system synthesized by presently adopted route of synthesis and occurrence of simultaneous decomposition and ferritization processes. Further studies by infrared spectroscopy were also conducted. Moreover, magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles were studied by magnetization and a.c. susceptibility measurements. The response of prepared Ni1–xCdxFe2O4 mixed ferrites to magnetic field was investigated. Results show that, magnetic susceptibility, Curie temperature, and effective magnetic moment decreased as the Cd content increases.


I am very grateful to the editors of Jurisprudence for proposing this symposium, and to Maria Alvarez, Erasmus Mayr, Dennis Patterson and Assaf Sharon for taking the time and trouble to write about Action, Knowledge, and Will. I have not been able to address every argument they present, and every question they raise, because of the limitations of space, but I have replied to what seem to me their most challenging arguments and questions. I have organised my comments by topic rather than by critic.


Anisotropic etching of silicon in potassium hydroxide (KOH) is an important technology in micromachining. The residue deposition from KOH etching of Si is typically regarded as a disadvantage of this technology. In this report, we make use of this residue as a second masking layer to fabricate two-layer complex structures. Square patterns with size in the range of 15–150 μm and gap distance of 5 μm have been designed and tested. The residue masking layer appears when the substrate is over-etched in hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution over a threshold. The two-layer structures of micropyramids surrounded by wall-like structures are obtained according to the two different masking layers of SiO2 and residue. The residue masking layer is stable and can survive over KOH etching for long time to achieve deep Si etching. The process parameters of etchant concentration, temperature, etching time and pattern size have been investigated. With well-controlled two-layer structures, useful structures could be designed for applications in plasmonic and microfluidic devices in the future.


is a Greek origin word which means "hidden writing". Steganography word is classified into two parts: Steganos which means "secret or covered" (where you want to hide the secret messages) and the graphic which means "writing". It is one of the most important techniques of data hiding. By using steganography, secret messages can be hidden in carriers such as images, audio files, text files and videos. In this paper we tried to enhance the performance of the image steganography technique by modifying the secret message itself not the technique of embedding. That's by using a new encoding technique that we called it Mobile Phone Keypad encoding or MPK encoding, that can represent the secret message characters by two decimal digits only not three decimal digits as ASCII encoding. So, it can save one third of the required space for embedding. Finally, we are hoping to globalize this new MPK encoding technique to be used in the field of steganography.


Armed with computer models, interdisciplinary teams of researchers are studying what triggers life-threatening fibrillation--and the even deeper mystery of why it can be stopped.


The defence mechanisms of 2 novel bacterial isolates against protistan grazing were investigated in experiments with batch and continuous cultures. Strains MWH55 and MWH73 were isolated from the plankton of mesotrophic lakes using culture conditions with strong flagellate graz- ing pressure. The analysis of their 16S rRNA genes revealed that both strains belong to the Betapro- teobacteria and demonstrated a close phylogenetic relatedness to bacteria previously detected by culture-independent methods in river biofilms and lake snow aggregates. Both strains showed a very weak sensitivity to flagellate predation, and both formed planktonic microcolonies that exceeded the upper size limit for ingestion by flagellates, and were thus protected from predation. These micro- colonies consisted of cells embedded in a common exopolymeric matrix, yet lacked direct cell-to-cell contact between neighbouring cells. The structure of the exopolymeric matrix of the microcolonies was visualized by electron microscopy, while detection of exopolysaccharides by several fluores- cently labeled lectins failed. The matrix possessed a complex 3-dimensional structure with strain- specific characteristics. Currently, it is not clear whether the 2 isolates possess a planktonic life strat- egy or whether they switch between sessile (biofilm or lake snow aggregates) and planktonic dispersal stages. In both cases, however, a low sensitivity of the planktonic stages to protistan preda- tion is ecologically advantageous. The ability to form an exopolymeric matrix enabling the formation of predation-protected microcolonies is assumed to play a key role in the ecology of these bacteria.


Being inspired by the breeding behavior such as brood parasitism of cuckoos,the cuckoo search(CS) was proposed as a novel bionic swarm intelligence optimization method.The optimization mechanism and characteristics of CS were analyzed.Then,the proposed search strategy was applied to solve the minimization of makespan for the problem of permutation flow shop scheduling,adopting the code rule of randomized key representation based on the smallest position value.Comparing with the firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization,simulation results of benchmark instances validate the efficiency and superiority of CS.


Visible light-induced cascade radical cyclization of aroyl chlorides with 2-(allyloxy)-benzaldehyde derivatives is developed. The method takes advantages of un-activated C=C bonds as the acyl radical acceptors and offers a mild and green approach for the synthesis of 1,4-diketons bearing biologically important chroman-4-one skeletons with moderate to good yields.


Laminar cooling process is a large-scale, nonlinear system, so the temperature control of such system is a difficult and complex problem. In this paper, a novel modeling method and a GPC-PID based control strategy for laminar cooling process are proposed to control the global temperature curve to produce high quality steel. First, based on the analysis of the cooling process of laminar flow, a new TS fuzzy model which possesses intelligence and self-learning ability is established to improve the temperature prediction accuracy. Second, the target temperature curve can be divided into several subgoals and each subgoal can be described by a CARIMA type of model. Then, by the decentralized predictive control method, GPC-PID based control strategy is introduced to guarantee the laminar cooling process to achieve subtargets, respectively; in that way the steel plate temperature will drop along the optimal temperature curve. Moreover, by employing the dSPACE control board into the process control system, the matrix process ability is added to the production line without large-scale reconstruction. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed modeling and control strategy are demonstrated by the industrial data and metallography detection in one steel company.


Purpose: This study aims to review the current practices of micro credit and micro financing in several Muslim countries namely Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sudan, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology used in this research is mainly literature review.
Finding : This study found that the practices of micro credit and micro finance in Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia have succeeded in alleviating poverty albeit following conventional methods. This industry is not well developed in Pakistan and Sudan as it is at its formative stage. There has not been much data found on Islamic microfinance practices with the exception of Indonesia which indicate poor performance.
Implication: The study is only preliminary research and the findings of this study will hopefully provide focal areas for further research in the near future.


The study examines the strategies employed by Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority to enhance the provision of power to its clients. Energy is a key enabler to productivity and socio-economic development. The sector has experienced challenges largely due to dilapidated and obsolete generation equipment and infrastructure, inadequate financing and capitalisation. Within this context, the study sought to achieve the following objective: to assess the strategies employed by ZESA after more than a decade of socio-economic meltdown. The study revealed that ZESA adopted the following strategies to come back to life: prepaid metering system, all buildings are required to have solar water heaters instead of electric geysers, street lights running on solar power, distribution of more than 5, 5 million energy saver bulbs for free, and energy demand management.


Abstract This review deals with the expanse and depth of the literature in the field of palm leaf manuscript conservation. It outlines the dispersion of the manuscripts, the history of their use and their present availability. The material and technology of palm leaf manuscripts is then discussed, followed by their degradation and a review of conservation practices. The paper concludes with an impression of present practices.


Kaleidoscope Career Model (Sullivan). Contextual approaches are well represented in this book, with consideration given to how the self is likely to develop in the context of gender (Heppner and Fu), cultural formulation (Leong, Hardin, and Gupta), and social class (Blustein et al.). Blustein has sought to formulate an inclusive theory of working, aiming to accommodate those individuals who, by dint of what can be referred to as their existential position of 'thrownness' or 'being in the world' (Heidegger, 1962), are denied the luxury of 'occupational choice'. The chapter on cultural formulation highlights the need for counsellors' multicultural sensitivity, being aware that an intervention technique such as confrontation is counterproductive with clients hailing from a collectivist tradition. The authors apply the Cultural Formulation Approach in an intriguing case of Yong Lee, an 18year-old, single, gay Chinese American, whose counsellor is challenged to help him confront a plethora of multi-cultural conflicts. Some of the chapters offer additional vignettes of illustrative career counselling cases as well as demonstrating how assessment tools can harness the client's 'self ', but the book's strength lies elsewhere, in updating theoretical approaches in the context of 'self '. Developing Self in Work and Career enables the reader to reassess many traditional and modern theoretical formulations. Many of the chapters present overlapping if not redundant concepts via different lexicons, often producing a déjà vu effect. Indeed the editors anticipate that, in light of socio-economic changes, the fields of vocational psychology and career counselling will be shifting their focus from studying career development to investigating how people make meaning through work and career. They foresee the 'self ' as occupying a critical role as a unifying construct, linking fields in the social and behavioural sciences. This book deserves a place of honour in the career development literature, perhaps sharing a shelf with a theoretical predecessor, Convergence in Career Development Theories (Savickas & Lent, 1994), another valiant effort aimed at identifying commonalities in vocational theories. In fact, the two volumes have several common contributors.


Although much attention has been devoted to examining the measurement of vocational interests, much less attention has been directed to studying leisure interests, despite suggestions for incorporation of leisure interests into career counseling, particularly for college students. Furthermore, research on the relations between leisure and vocational interests highlights that some leisure interests are highly related to vocational interests, such as interests in Social, Artistic, and Realistic activities. To advance understanding on interests and the relations between leisure and vocational interests, the current study used Latent Profile Analysis, a novel approach to examining interest profiles that identifies groups of individuals with similar profiles. Support was found for seven different interest profiles in a sample of college students. Additionally, a number of mean differences on work values, work centrality, and personality traits among the seven profiles were examined.


The possible causes of temperature oscillation in numerical simulation of temperature field were studied in this paper through theoretical analysis and simple calculation examples.The continuity of temperature derivative was used,but not guarantied in FEM.The initial condition of uniform temperature was against the boundary condition of heat exchange with external environment.Through numerical examples,the effects of both setting a reasonable initial temperature field and using the lumped heat capacity matrix on eliminating the temperature oscillation and their error sources were discussed.


The modernized GNSS systems introduced the idea of BOC signals, which provide better tracking accuracy than BPSK signals at the cost of having side lobes in the autocorrelation function. In closed-loop processing, or tracking, the presence of side lobes can origin false locks, thus making the ranging estimate to be biased by several meters. The overall position, velocity and time solution can then be severely distorted in that situation. The false lock in high order BOC signals is a well known problem and several state-of-the-art techniques address it. This article evaluates the problem from an open-loop perspective. In particular, the impact of the sampling frequency on the probability of false lock is examined.


This paper presents a brief historical description that shows how the fluctuations in oil prices are closely linked to some of the most important events in world history. The importance of oil prices fluctuations on the economy in general and on the stock market in particular is analyzed. Regarding the last point, and although there are strong beliefs that there exists a relationship between these aspects, some clear divergences are registered concerning the way and intensity with which this influence is exerted. A model is estimated with the objective of understanding the existing relationship between oil price fluctuations and the returns of Portuguese stock markets. To estimate the model, the methodology used by Kilian & Park (2009) is essayed, adapting the VAR model and the four time series used by the authors to the Portuguese reality. The model seems to demonstrate that none of the three oil price shocks studied affect the Portuguese stock market. Therefore, and since there exists the possibility of an important stock market influencing the PSI, it could be interesting to elaborate a model including this parameter, in a future study.


We construct a Geroch-like boundary (when restricted to geodesic curves, this boundary contains as a subset the Geroch's $g$ boundary), which we denote by $\tilde{g}$, and establish an explicit embedding of the $\tilde{g}$ boundary into the $a$ boundary of Scott and Szekeres. This construction, and subsequently the explicit embedding, is done in a 'natural' way (the emphasis on the word natural here will be clarified in the text), thereby answering in the affirmative the outstanding question as to whether there exists a natural way to relate the $g$ and the $a$ boundary constructions.


Planning a lesson is a complex process. The relationship between the quality of a lesson plan and an effective teaching-learning process is widely acknowledged by researchers and educators. Therefore, developing pre-service teachers' planning skills is considered key in raising effective teachers. This research aims to understand pre-service teachers' perceptions of lesson and how they think their plans facilitate their creating an effective teaching-learning process. The sample involved primary pre-service teachers who enrolled in a Teaching Practice course at a faculty of education. 18 pre-service teachers participated in the research. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Two main categories emerged through the analysis; they have been named Difficulties of Planning a Lesson and Functions of Lesson Plans During the Teaching-Learning Process. The findings of the research revealed that primary pre-service teachers are aware of the importance of planning lessons; however, they found some difficulties during their planning. They claimed that during their visits to primary schools, they do not have enough time to get to know students regarding their needs, characteristics, levels of learning, etc., and these issues influence their planning. Therefore, developing a lesson plan became challenging. The results suggest that opportunities should be created for pre-service teachers to get acquainted with students during their practice. Further investigation will also help us to understand more about how we can help our future teachers to develop skills to plan their lessons effectively. Keywords: l esson plan, pre-service teachers, teacher training


An approach has been formulated to route nuclear spent fuel over the US Interstate highway network. This approach involves the generation of alternative routes so that any potential adverse impacts will not only concentrate on regions along the shortest path between the nuclear power plant and repository. Extensive literature research on the shortest path finding algorithms has been carried out. Consequently, an extremely efficient shortest path algorithm has been implemented and significantly increases the overall system performance. State-of-the-art interactive computer graphics is used. In addition to easy-to-use pop-up menus, full color mapping and display capabilities are also incorporated. All of these features have been implemented on commonly available personal computers. 6 figs., 2 tabs.


With literature,questionaire,mathematical statistics and so on,the secondary school physical education teachers in rural areas of Henan province team-building,teaching,treatment,research,training,as well as extra-curricular activities,equipment,facilities,sports funding status and school sports management,evaluation and other issues were investigated,and the current problems in the development of the corresponding measures for rural areas in Henan province for the healthy development of sports in secondary schools,the departments concerned to provide a theoretical basis.


Education for newly arrived students in Sweden is commonly organised in introductory classes, providing a basis for transition to the mainstream system. Focusing on the hitherto underinvestigated q ...


The error correction procedure corrects an error in bit b2 in a sequence of bits b0 - b8. A parity bit (b8) is calculated from the other bits b1 - b7 at an instant where the erroneous bit (b2) was valid, and a second parity bit (b9) calculated from all the bits except the erroneous bit, to replace the erroneous bit.


In this paper, we studied the prototype of the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic sedimentary basins in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block systematically. Together with the synthetical analysis on the formation of the South Qinling orogen and the Mianlue suture, we discuss the collision history and basin-range coupling between the Yangtze block and the South Qinling orogen. Our result indicates that the initial contact between the two tectonic units occurred as early as the late period of Late Permian (upper member of Changxing Formation) and the early period of Early Triassic (lower member of the Feixianguan Formation). Several collision-related rift basins, including the Kaijiang-Liangping rift, the Chengkou-Exi rift and the Dangyang rift formed between the two tectonic units at that time from west to east. They lasted for ca. 5~6Ma and were characterized by the deposition of marine molasse sediments. During the period when the second member of the Jialingjiang Formation (Early Triassic) was deposited, the paleo-thrust belts related to the peripheral foreland basin formed near the Daba Shan and the Micang Shan due to the sustaining collision of the two blocks, which led to the formation of angular unconformity and the deposition of fluvial sediments near the suture. While far away from the suture, marine carbonate deposition remained dominating. During the Late Triassic, the South Qinling orogen and the Yangtze block collided completely and the ocean between them disappeared. Marine deposition ceased since then, and the foreland basin which was characterized by terrestrial molasse sediments started to develop in the front of the Daba Shan and the Micang Shan, the Shengnongjia-Huangling uplift and the Micang Shan uplift formed in the northern margin of the Yangtze block as well at the time. The Daba Shan and the Micang Shan areas were complicatedly altered by multi-stage contractional tectonic events since the Late Triassic, including the weak tectonic activity during the Late Jurassic and the early stage of the Early Cretaceous (J3-K1) marked by regional disconformities and low-angular unconformities, the late stage of the Early Cretaceous characterized by the thin-skinned thrusting, and the strong deformation during the Late Cenozoic that was dominated by arc thrusting in front of the Daba Shan and basement-involved thrusting in front of the Micang Shan.


A mathematical model is elaborated for a thermoelastic infinite body with a spherical cavity. A generalized set of governing equations is formulated in the context of three different models of thermoelasticity: the Biot model, also known as "coupled thermoelasticity" model; the Lord-Shulman model, also referred to as "generalized thermoelasticity with one-relaxation time" approach; and the Green-Lindsay model, also called "generalized thermoelasticity with two-relaxation times" approach. The Adomian's decomposition method is used to solve the related mathematical problem. The bounding plane of the cavity is subjected to harmonic thermal loading with zero heat flux and strain. Numerical results for the temperature, radial stress, strain, and displacement are represented graphically. It is shown that the angular thermal load and the relaxation times have significant effects on all the studied fields.


An appearance-based approach to the problem of gait recognition was adopted. The width of the outer contour of the binarized silhouette of a walking person was chosen as the basic image feature. A statistical method which combined Principal Component Analysis(PCA) with Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) for feature transformation of spatial templates was proposed. This method was used to reduce data dimensionality and to optimize the class separability of different gait sequences. Our method is applied to three data-sets(NLPR,CMU,UMF), extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs an encouraging recognition rate with relatively lower computational cost.


We give the diffeomorphism classification of complete intersections with S^1-symmetry in dimension less than or equal to 6. In particular, we show that a 6-dimensional complete intersection admits a smooth non-trivial S^1-action if and only if it is diffeomorphic to the complex projective space or the quadric. We also prove that in any odd complex dimension only finitely many complete intersections can carry a smooth effective action by a torus of rank $>1$.


Angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) were first introduced into clinical practice for the relief of hypertension (HT) more than a quarter of a century ago. Since that time, as the basic pathobiology of cardiovascular (CV) diseases has been increasingly understood, new applications for ACE inhibitors have been developed. Indeed, through their action on the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and their local actions, ACE inhibitors have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with diseases over the entire continuum of CV disease, including HT, stable coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF), and have been applied specifically to prevent stroke, although also preventing diabetes and delaying or reducing renal dysfunction. The strength of available clinical data is such that guidelines developed for cardiologists by professional societies now recommend the use of ACE inhibitors for the management of HT, coronary and atherosclerotic vascular disease, MI, and HF. Newer ACE inhibitors with pharmacological profiles differing from those of older agents have added to the ease of application and relative safety of these drugs both for reduction of symptoms and for improvement of outcomes. Although other agents modulating RAS can provide some overlapping pharmacological effects and important clinical benefits, ACE inhibitors remain unique in the range of their proven benefits, justifying their central role in the armamentarium of the CV specialist.


The oxide superconductors La/sub 2-//sub x/Sr/sub x/CuO/sub 4/ and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 6.5+//sub y/ are treated as strongly correlated electron systems consisting of Cu ions with an on-site electron-electron interaction U of order 10 eV interacting via oxygen bands. Pairing occurs via scattering of quasiparticles into the two-particle resonance at energy U. The model is expressed in a slave-boson formalism and solved in mean field. The results explain the observed scaling of T/sub c/ with hole concentration and is consistent with other data.


This book covers the following: Superconductivity: The basic phenomenon, fundamental and experimental properties. Microscopic theory of superconductivity, Ginzburg Laudau (GL) theory, Theories of high-Tc superconductors, Superconductivity in rare-earth and actinide compounds, Organic superconductors, Superconductors applications.


Brace treatment is the most common noninvasive treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); however it is currently not fully known whether there is a difference in effectiveness between brace types/concepts. All studies on brace treatment for AIS were searched for in PubMed and EMBASE up to January 2021. Articles that did not report on maturity of the study population were excluded. Critical appraisal was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies tool (MINORS). Brace concepts were distinguished in prescribed wearing time and rigidity of the brace: full-time, part-time, and night-time, rigid braces and soft braces. In the meta-analysis, success was defined as ≤5° curve progression during follow-up. Of the 33 selected studies, 11 papers showed high risk of bias. The rigid full-time brace had on average a success rate of 73.2% (95% CI 61–86%), night-time of 78.7% (72–85%), soft braces of 62.4% (55–70%), observation only of 50% (44–56%). There was insufficient evidence on part-time wear for the meta-analysis. The majority of brace studies have significant risk of bias. No significant difference in outcome between the night-time or full-time concepts could be identified. Soft braces have a lower success rate compared to rigid braces. Bracing for scoliosis in Risser 0–2 and 0–3 stage of maturation appeared most effective.


Objective To clone and identify the human neuroblastoma cell strain SH-SY5Y-with deletion of DHRS4 gene cluster,including the DHRS4,DHRS4L2 and DHRS4L1.Methods The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y expressing low level of DHRS4 gene cluster were subcloned by limited dilution.The growth and proliferation of the cloned cells were observed by phase contrast microscope.PCR,RT-PCR and western-blotting were adopted to exam the DNA,RNA of DHRS4 gene cluster and protein of DHRS4.Results SH-SY5Y-cell strain were obtained by subcloning the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.There were no DNA,RNA and protein of DHRS4 gene cluster in SH-SY5Y-.Conclusion The cloned SH-SY5Y-cell strain are with deletion of DHRS4 gene cluster,thus provides a cell model for further studying the function and transcriptional regulation of DHRS4 gene cluster.


Editio princeps of P.Duk. inv. 660, a possibly third- or fourth-century papyrus fragment containing a mixture or patchwork (i.e. a cento) of citations of and allusions to the Greek bible: Gen 27:28, Pss 26:2, 4, 41:2, 123:7, and 2 Cor 6:2 are present and a number of other scriptural references are likely. What remains of the papyrus indicates that it held some personal or devotional function.


An examination of the effects of different sequences of learning material on the acquisition and retention of knowledge in science.


Introduction Loch K. Johnson Part 1: The Study of Intelligence 1. Sources and Methods for the Study of Intelligence Michael Warner 2. The American Approach to Intelligence Studies James J. Wirtz 3. The Historiography of the FBI Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones 4. Intelligence Ethics: Laying a Foundation for the Second Oldest Profession Michael Andregg Part 2: The Evolution of Modern Intelligence 5. The Accountability of Security and Intelligence Agencies Ian Leigh 6. "Knowing the Self, Knowing the Other": the Comparative Analysis of Security Intelligence Peter Gill 7. U.S. Patronage of German Postwar Intelligence Wolfgang Krieger Part 3: The Intelligence Cycle Collection and Processing 8. The Technical Collection of Intelligence Jeffrey Richelson 9. Human Source Intelligence Frederick P. Hitz 10. Open Source Intelligence Robert David Steele 11. Adapting Intelligence to Changing Issues Paul R. Pillar 12. The Challenges of Economic Intelligence Minh A. Luong Part 4: The Intelligence Cycle and the Crafting of Intelligence Reports: Analysis and Dissemination 13. Strategic Warning: Intelligence Support in a World of Uncertainty and Surprise Jack Davis 14. Achieving All-Source Fusion in the Intelligence Community Richard L. Russell 15. Adding Value to the Intelligence Product Steven Marrin 16. Analysis for Strategic Intelligence John Hollister Hedley Part 5: Counterintelligence and Covert Action 17. Cold War Intelligence Defectors Nigel West 18. Counterintelligence Failures in the United States Stan A. Taylor 19. Emigre Intelligence Reporting: Sifting Fact from Fiction Mark Stout 20. Linus Pauling: A Case Study in Counterintelligence Run Amok Kathryn S. Olmsted 21. The Role of Covert Action William J. Daugherty 22. The Future of Covert Action John Prados Part 6: Intelligence Accountability 23. Intelligence Oversight in the UK: The Case of Iraq Mark Phythian 24. Intelligence Accountability: Challenges for Parliaments and Intelligence Services Hans Born and Thorsten Wetzling 25. Intelligence and the Rise of Judicial Intervention Fred F. Manget 26. A Shock Theory of Congressional Accountability for Intelligence Loch K. Johnson. Appendixes: A. The US Intelligence Community, 2006 B. Leadership of the US Intelligence Community, 2006 C. The Intelligence Cycle


A new series of 6 cylinder direct injection 8.4 liter diesel engines have been designed by Isuzu Motors Limited. Naturally aspirated, turbocharged and turbocharged-aftercooled versions, have been developed to meet the needs of 8 to 16 ton GVW commercial vehicles, as well as industrial and marine applications. These engines cover the range of 147-200 kw (195-270HP) output. The design objectives for these engines included such features as high output, better fuel economy, high reliability and durability, as well as minimum weight and cost. This paper deals with the design, development and performance aspects of these engines.


Studying child sexual abuse (CSA) is a difficult task due to factors such as the sensitivity of the topic; the related legal ethical and practical restrictions; and the difficulty of determining the reliability and validity of data provided years after a sometimes traumatic childhood event. In general there is little that researchers can do about these challenges. However researchers have contributed to the problems of conducting research in this area and interpreting research results through the proliferation of methods used to define and measure CSA. For instance reports of the incidence of CSA have ranged from 5% to 66% due primarily to variations in the measures used. In addition to determining incidence rates many investigators are interested in whether CSA is related to adult adjustment. Several studies have reported a relationship between CSA and adult adjustment among women including depression. Despite this common finding the strength and nature of the relationship between CSA and adjustment remains unclear and studies have contradicted each other regarding whether CSA is related to adult mental health problems in part due to the wide variety of measures used in researching this question. In particular the broad variations in definitions of CSA used in research have made it difficult to interpret results or to compare one study to another. (excerpt)


Nowadays, geotextile reinforced soil walls are being used more often, and with that, the number of reports on the deformation of these soil walls is on the rise. But we do not yet fully understand what happens to the reinforcement material within the embankment when deformation occurs. To find out, the authors have studied density, water content ratio, velocity of elastic wave, and strength of reinforcement material of the deformed embankment interior, where the mudstone reinforcement wall was rebuilt after it had been damaged. Studies showed that penetrating groundwater and rain had weakened the mudstone used to construct the embankment, causing deformation. We also confirmed that some parts of the reinforcement material were much fragile and showed considerably lower deformation capacity compared with the new reinforcement material. These findings indicate the possibility of lowered strength and deformation capacity of reinforcement material within the damaged geotextile reinforcement soil wall.


Avian Reovirus(Strain S1133) was passaged on the SPF chichen embryo.Virulence to the SPF chichens was identified and contents were tested for the passage 2.The results showed that passage 2(Strain S1133) contained more than 105.9EID50/0.2 mL and 104.16~4.18CID50/0.1 mL.It complied with the requirements as a challenge strain.


Laser Surface Texturing(LST) is a surface engineering process used to improve tribological characteristicsof materials by creating patterned microstructures on the mechanical contact surface. In LST technology, a pulsatedlaser beam is used to create arranged dimples on a surface by a material ablation process, which can improve such asload capacity, wear resistances, lubrication lifetime, and reduce friction coefficients. In the present study, the effect ofmulti-scale LST on lubricant regime was investigated. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was applied on the bearing steel(AISI52100) to create arranged dimples. To optimize the surface texturing effect on friction, multi-scale texture dimples withsome specific formula arrays were fabricated by combining circles, ellipses and the laser ablation process. The tri-bological testing of multi-scale textured surface was performed by a flat-on-flat unidirectional tribometer under lubri-cation and the results compared with that of the non-textured surface. Through an increase in sliding speed, thebeneficial effect of multi-scale LST performance was achieved. The multi-scale textured surface had lower frictioncoefficient performances than the non-textured surface due to the hydrodynamic lubrication effect.Keywords: laser surface texture (레이저 표면 텍스처), lubrication regime (윤활영역), friction (마찰), surfacemodification (표면개질)


Abstract : The research goal is to develop heat shock as a modality for optimizing and controlling gene therapy for treating prostate cancer. Heat activatible tissue permeabilizers will increase dissemination of adenoviral vectors throughout solid tumors. The optimal permeabilizer has been identified and its usable ranges of concentration and activating heat shocks have been narrowed sufficiently to begin testing in human Xenograft tumors. A quantitative relationship between time at temperature and induced expression from a truncated heat shock promoter have been established in exponentially growing and plateau phase prostate cancer cells, which is essential for planning and analyzing parallel experiments in solid tumors. This is a fundamental step for establishing controllable expression of transgenes under control of a heat shock promoter within solid tumors. Mammalian expression constructs for expressing diphtheria toxin A and shiga toxin A have been made and tested, and are currently being used to produce adenoviral expression vectors. Fluorescent chimeras of both proteins have also been made, which may prove useful for monitoring gene expression in tumors and normal tissues. The work presented herein represents considerable progress towards achieving the approved tasks, and establishes a solid foundation for developing a form of controllable gene therapy for treating prostate cancer.