A simple Chapman model (scale height 100 km) of the ionosphere above the peak of the F region is found to be in good agreement with the few observed profiles of this region. The ratio of the above-peak electron content implied by the model to below-peak electron content is found to vary from about 2.8 to 4.0, also in good agreement with observations. The model is used in conjunction with electron density profiles observed from the ground to construct meridional cross sections along the 75°W geographic meridian.


Drama strategies refer to the methods and processes used by language instructors for many years. These strategies are intended to involve learners in the creative process while exploring a concept, narrative, or thought. The students are encouraged to develop inquiry skills and use their imagination to gain understanding when theatre techniques are used. This study is intended to identify the impact of narratives in Playback Theatre that develops the oracy skills of the second language learners. The students pursuing bachelors' degree have been surveyed from Tamil Nadu, India. The aspects with respect to Oracy skills namely vocabulary, intended meaning, structure grammar, pronunciation and pragmatic have been evaluated. The study also examines whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is moderated by the medium of instruction i. e. Playback theatre-based instruction influenced the oratory skills of the second language learners. The outcome shows that intended meaning and pragmatics are the most influential factor than vocabulary, pronunciation and structure grammar. The results show that teaching through Playback Theatre through collaborative learning enhances the oracy skills of the bachelor degree students.


Abstract Background Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been proposed as a severity marker in humans with acute pancreatitis (AP). Objectives To evaluate ADMA in dogs with AP compared with healthy dogs and its association with severity of disease, mortality, and indicators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), including serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration, WBC count, and band neutrophils. Animals Fifty‐four dogs with AP and a control group (CG) of 28 healthy dogs. Methods Cohort study including dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical and laboratory variables, abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination findings performed within 48 hours of admission. Canine AP severity (CAPS) was calculated. Serum concentration of ADMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Blood donor‐, staff‐, and student‐owned dogs were enrolled in the CG. Results Dogs with AP had higher median admission serum ADMA concentrations compared with the CG (62 versus 48.5 μg/dL; P = .003). Dogs with CAPS ≥11 had higher serum ADMA concentrations than did dogs with CAPS <11 (92 versus 54.6 μg/dL P = .009). Univariable analysis for mortality, CAPS score, band neutrophils, CRP, and ADMA were included in multivariable logistic regression, in which only ADMA was associated with mortality (P = .02). Survivors had a significant decrease in ADMA at first reevaluation compared to admission (P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Because serum ADMA concentrations were higher in AP dogs compared with the CG, it may have value as a biomarker in the diagnosis of AP in dogs. In addition, because ADMA was associated with mortality, it may have prognostic value.


Under the situation of bulk commodity financialization, the influence of the commodity futures market determines the pricing power of the host country. Commodity pricing power is not the ability to raise or lower commodity prices, but the ability to wield the price discovering function of the futures market, driving price fluctuations in accordance with the economic cycle and decreasing price manipulation. This paper, using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Auto-regression (TVP-VAR) method, studies the influence coefficients with the yield series data for copper futures in SHFE, LME and CMX. This analysis finds that LME still has dominant influence on copper pricing; SHFE's influence fluctuated greatly during the past 10 years. The influence coefficient of the SHFE is positively related with the relative market scale and negatively related with the relative stock level, revealing the effect of commodity financialization on the pricing power of a commodity futures market.


We investigated putative determinants of relative abundance and localization of pathogen, types and patterns of pathogen‐borne metabolomic changes in hosts using various but commonly documented route in Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in mammals. This was done to measure contribution of varying strain inoculum as well as route of infection to mortality in clinical scenarios modeled using mouse infection. Inherent in this research was to test suggestive proportional relationship between size of pathogen inoculum with severity of symptoms and intensity of gross lesions in tissues. A total of twenty‐seven mice were used for the study, they were allocated into three groups: Intraperitonial, Intranasal and Oral with three replicates: 1010; 108 and 105. Pathogen inoculum was varied using serial dilution of culture suspension concentrated by centrifuging at 8000g for 20minutes until 1010CFU achieved. Serial dilution made using miliQ water (Gibco) from 1010 to100. Confirmation for pathogen strain done using complement of culture and microscopy, sensitivity to methicillin and 16S Sanger sequencing data, MRSA local strain was used for the study. After acclimation, each mice group was infected with varied inoculum and presenting symptoms documented. Most infected replicates became moribund in about a week to ten days for all groups. Samples of blood and urine collected each day post infection for hemogram using auto hematology analyser and cyanmethemoglobin absorbance analysis and urinalysis. Samples of trachea, stomach, liver, spleen and kidneys collected immediately after death for culture isolation and histopathology studies. The result showed MRSA infection caused broad ranges of hemodynamic changes, notably marked lymphopenia, macrocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia which was statistically significant (P<0.05), clinical signs and symptoms were similar for all groups but vary in severity. Pathogen was differentially localized in different organs. This outcome was greatly influenced by dose of inoculum as the 105 replicate were minimally symptomatic and had lesser pathogen abundance. Route of infection was a determinant as the orally infected replicate showed the most severe presentation. Lesions produced following histopathology indicate an established pattern with severity depending on inoculum dose but not as much of varied route. Most organs showed marked lymphopenia and thickened alveolar wall with interstitial edema in all replicates. The broad pattern established in this study has clinical application of early recognition and predictability index in MRSA infection, with hope that a better understanding of hemodynamics and modulators of pathogen abundance will translate in improvement of treatment protocol to reduce mortality.


Here is an in-depth guide to using public domain and Creative Commons materials for your theses, dissertations, publications, and other scholarly projects. Provides instructions for determining if a work is covered by a Creative Commons license.


This paper summarizes the current applications of virtual reality in the warfare, introduces some novel applications in the military affairs, and then discusses the influences of this technology on future warfare. At last, it prospects the possible development of virtual reality in the future campaign.


The anionic clusters [Fe5MN(CO)14Cp]2− [M = Mo (1) or W (2)] were synthesized from [Fe4N(CO)12]− and [MCp(CO)3]− in refluxing acetonitrile. The clusters [Fe3M3N(CO)18]3− [M = Mo (3) or W (4)] were prepared by reaction of [Fe4N(CO)12]− with [M2(CO)10]2− under the same conditions. The molybdenum-containing anions 1 and 3 are obtained in higher yields than 2 and 4. The reaction of the tetranuclear iron cluster with [Mo(η6-Me3C6H3)(CO)3] affords a mixture of [Fe3Mo3N(CO)18]3− and [HFe5MoN(CO)16]2− (5). The solid state structures of the clusters 1, 2 and 3 have been determined; they consist of six metal atoms, arranged in octahedral metal cages encapsulating a μ6-N ligand. The cyclopentadienyl ligand is bound to Mo in 1 and to W in 2; these anions have three edge-bridging carbonyl groups and eleven terminal carbonyl groups. The cluster 3 possesses three molybdenum atoms in a fac arrangement, and the carbonyl ligands are all terminal, or asymmetrically bridging. Inspection of the interatomic distances suggests that molybdenum interacts preferentially with the carbonyl and the nitrido ligands, whereas the iron atoms bind strongly with the other metal centres. The solid state structure of 5 could not be fully resolved owing to crystal disorder. Analytical and spectroscopic data (infrared and 1H NMR) are all consistent with the proposed formula.


History, whatever its particular subject, requires to be rewritten at intervals. Not only does knowledge accumulate, but focus changes and possible insights multiply. In every serious effort of historical interpretation, two elements are operative: first, the sense of the past as something fixed and unchanging, to which the historian owes his primary allegiance and whicb he must learn to enter on its terms, not his own~ and, secondly, a sense of the present as the outcome, however remote and indirect, of the past which he is examining. and as capable, therefore, of casting a light back upon it, of bringing into relief features which can now be seen to have a special significance, and even of mOdifying in some degree the larger patterns to be educed. This consideration is certainly relevant to Professor Rene Wellek's rewriting of history in the volumes under review (A History 0/ Modern Criticism: 1750-1950. I, The Later Eighteenth Century [1750-1800] ; II, The Romantic Age [1800--1830]. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1955. Pp. x, 358; vi, 459. $4.50; $5.50). A history, he avers, "cannot be written without a frame of reference, a standard of selection and evaluation, which will be influenced by our own time and determined by our own theory of literature." To a knowledge of the past, both extensive and detailed, which is not, however, identical with a sense of the past, he adds a strong-if, one may suspect, an assiduously cultivated-sense of the present, which is capable of sharpening certain perceptions and of affording to his ·inquiry certain fruitful directives, but which may also entail some inhibitions and issue in some curiously partial judgments-a danger no doubt increased by the position which Professor Wellek has chosen to assume. The contemporary situation in literary criticism is in the highest degree interesting and not a little baffling. As compared with the period, just over half a century ago, when George Saintsbury published his History of Criticism in Europe from the Earliest Texts to the Present Day (1900-3), the activity, especially in North America, is prodigious; tbe clash of ideas is continuous; and the vehicle of it all is a terminology almost entirely lacking in definition. In. the final volume of bis History, Professor Wellek may be expected to COme definitely to grips with this situation and to provide us with a much-needed chart. Meanwhile his sense of the present unmistakably colours his account of the past. One of the most striking features of this


Abstract Thermal decomposition of cesium peroxo-polytungstate, an amorphous precursor, yielded not only pyrochlore-type but also hexagonal WO 3 -type cesium tungstate, depending on the Cs/W ratio ( x ) in the precursors; the former is in the range 0.48 ≤ x ≤ 0.54 and the latter 0.30 ≤ x ≤ 0.34. Mixtures of these two phases were formed in the intermediate region of x . On reduction at 700°C, the pyrochlore phase gave a compound with the same framework, with its cubic cell parameter being elongated from 10.25 to 10.32 A, but reoxidation resulted in a mixture of pyrochlore and hexagonal phases. In contrast, reduction and oxidation of the hexagonal phase at 600°C was reversible. Powder XRD profile refinements were performed with reduced and oxidized hexagonal cesium tungstates ( x = 0.30) in the space group P 6 3 / mcm . The former compounds ( a = 7.4049(1) and c = 7.6098(1)) are based on an almost idealized h-WO 3 framework with Cs sitting on its large 2 b interstices ( R f = 0.0240). The oxidized compounds (7.4012(18) and 7.6728(17)A R f = 0.007) possessed a lacunar tungsten sublattice.


MIMO communication is mainly use in the OFDM to improve the communication performance and capacity. DWT based MIMO-OFDM is used in this paper. Compare to the FFT based MIMO-OFDM it has lot advantages. There is no need for cyclic prefix, flexibility and optimal resolution. Ripple(Wavelet) concept has developed as a fresh scientific implement with the aim of preserve be functional in several applications such as processing of image, biomedical manufacturing, radar, physics, organize systems also message systems. The essential region of purpose of ripples in communication system: numerous accesses. A fresh modulation/multiplexing scheme consuming ripple transform remained planned for (3rd production organization project) 3GPP systems. This fresh modulation system implemented in (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) OFDM scheme in addition to conventional based(FFT) transform blocks is replaced by wavelet transform blocks. There are many multiplicity of ripple transforms are offered, out of which four were chosen. They are Haar, Daubechies, Bi-orthogonal and reverse Bi-orthogonal transforms. Haar wavelet is best one of among all types of wavelet. The performance of DWT based MIMO-OFDM is calculated by bit error rate (BER) in various channel that is AWGN channel and Rayleigh channel. Using MATLAB-Simulation which channel is best for the DWT based MIMO-OFDM.


A system (100) for intelligent storage and administration of networks, comprising: contextual information that represents the needs of a user; a contextual system that determines scenarios based on contextual information, and determines services and devices available to the user, according to the contextual information; a prediction module (104) that receives the contextual information, the scenarios, the available services and the available devices, and predicts the user's needs to create resources available to the user, according to the predictions; information of events and hours that represent a user's schedule; and a database (106) of localities, which includes information about the devices of the place of destination and possibilities of the devices of the place of destination; in which the prediction module receives the information of events and times, and the information and possibilities of the devices of the place of destination, to predict the location of the user and the necessary resources in the locality, in such a way that the resources be transferred to the user in a locality, when and where resources are needed.


The study of the absorption spectra of ions in aqueous solution, in relation to the photochemical processes taking place, has up to the present been concerned mainly with anions. The spectra of some of these have been interpreted as electron affinity spectra, according to the views of Franck and Haber. For example, for the I- ion the elementary process, corresponding to the long wave-length limit of the continuous absorption spectrum in aqueous solution, is represented as I- HOH + hv → I + H + OH-. An electron is transferred from the negative ion of the water molecules in its hydration shell. It is not possible to predict on theoretical grounds alone whether a similar process may also occur in the case of cations. In a recent note, however, one of us has shown that be irradiating a solution of FeSO4 with ultra-violet radiation an appreciable amount of gaseous hydrogen is evolved, with the simultaneous formation of Fe+++ ion. This was explained by assuming that a primary process analogous to that of the electorn affinity spectrum occurs, viz.., Fe+++ HOH + hv = Fe+++ + H + OH-.


Provided is an automatic analytical device capable of conducting inspections of multiple items with high precision and at low cost without increasing the size thereof. An automatic analytical device (1) comprising inspection mechanisms for multiple items, such as a photometric mechanism (70) and a flow-based analytical mechanism (40a, 40b), is provided with a common disk (disk used for reaction and pretreatment) (20). On the common disk (20), fixed containers (21) fixed on the common disk (20) and disposable containers (22) detachably provided are disposed. Thus it becomes possible to make the device more compact, and also to use the fixed container (21) which is used as a high-precision container that can be used again after being cleaned and the disposable container (22) which is used as a throwaway and low-cost container, according to inspection items.


Xun Zi's rites and music have an important content of self-cultivation,which is different from Mencius.Mencius School of cultivating theory is often intrinsic,metaphysical,so cultivating becomes the thing of a small number elite,not so much with the general public.However,Xun Zi's rites and music are outward,popular,practical and for the general public.This is to prevent the loss of humanity,the guarantor of basic moral cultivation,basic moral principles,it is important to take shape a good social customs.


In road cycling, cyclists strategically use their energetic resources in unique race-specific circumstances. For time-trial events, professional cycling teams design pacing plans aimed at the effective management of anaerobic work capacities of individual cyclists, allowing for more consistent speeds and therefore, faster times. Patently, adherence to such plans is essential. This paper reports on a field user-study on the effectiveness of providing a pacing plan to cyclists with the following information: (1) printed table alongside a display device with non-processed information (power, distance); and (2) aggregated, processed, just-in-time information on the same device (past, present, prospective; power, distance, W'). In both conditions, 15 road cyclists completed an 8 km open route mimicking race conditions, while adhering to pre-set pacing plans designed relative to their individual critical-power capabilities. Results indicated a linear load-to-adherence relationship and better adherence in condition (2). These findings will help guide future designs of adaptive feedback mechanisms for professional road cycling.


Working memory is one of the hot interdisciplinary fields,many linguists pay more attention to. The advantages brought by prefabricated chunks in the teaching can be fully reflected in the teaching of listening and speaking. Working memory theory and combined with the prefabricated chunks to bring the new opportunity to improve the teaching of listening and speaking.


BACKGROUND
Thermal ablation (TA) has been applied in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) who refuse surgery or active surveillance (AS). Recently, TA is also proposed as a potential therapeutic option for patients who are suitable for surgery or AS. However, the clinical outcomes of TA versus surgery remains controversial because of lacking sufficient data. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus thyroid lobectomy (TL) for low-risk PTMC in a large cohort.

METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated 884 patients with unifocal low-risk PTMC treated with TL or RFA from June 2014 to March 2018. Among them, 460 patients underwent TL(TL group) and 424 who refused surgery or AS underwent RFA(RFA group). Patients were regularly followed up after treatment. Local tumor progression, recurrence-free survival (RFS), complications and treatment variables, including procedure time, estimated blood loss, hospitalization and cost, were compared after propensity score matching(PSM).

RESULTS
After PSM, a total of 332 patients underwent TL (mean ages, 43.8 ± 9.5 years) and 332 underwent RFA (mean ages, 44.1 ± 9.5 years). During the follow-up (median [interquartile ranges], 48.3 [23.2] months), no significant differences were observed in the local tumor progression (1.8% vs. 3.3%, P=.209), lymph node metastasis (0.6% vs. 0.6%, P=1.000), recurrent PTMC (1.2% vs. 2.4%, P=.244), persistent lesion (0% vs. 0.3%, P=.317) and 4-year RFS rates (98.2% vs. 97.0%, P=.223) between the TL and RFA groups. Distant metastasis was not detected. None of the patients who were treated by RFA underwent delayed surgery. Patients undergoing RFA had shorter procedure time (3.4 [2.5] vs. 86.0 [37.0] min , P<.001), lower estimated blood loss (0 vs. 20[10.0] mL, P<.001), shorter hospitalization (0 vs. 7.0[3.0] d, P<.001), lower cost ($2035.7 [254.0] vs. $2269.1 [943.4], P<.001) and lower complication rate (0% vs. 4.2%, P<.001) than those treated by TL. The association between treatment modality and recurrence remained nonsignificant after Cox analysis (P=.247).

CONCLUSIONS
This large, matched study revealed comparable 4-year clinical outcomes between RFA and TL for low-risk PTMC. As a minimally invasive modality, RFA may be a promising complementary to the existing treatment for low-risk PTMC.


Carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged as a promising cost-effective alternative to replace high-cost semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). There are three kinds of fluorescent CDs which are carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Wide attention has been focused on CDs because of their characteristics such as water solubility, high biocompatibility, excellent photostability, low toxicity, and excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence (PL) behavior. Moreover, the recent discovery of a multigram one-step synthesis of GQDs from coal or carbon sources opens the possibility of their large-scale industrial production. Although CPDs, CNDs and GQDs have similar quantum fluorescent carbon materials, they have different chemical and physical properties because of the differences in spatial arrangements of carbon atoms. This chapter aims to demonstrate the recent progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of CD-based composites in disease detection, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, hydrogen (H2) evolution, photocatalysis, etc. We also highlight the challenges and future direction of CD-based composites in this booming research field, with a perspective toward the ultimate achievement of highly efficient and long-term stable CD-based composites.


Some approaches which can efficiently discover characteristic patterns from a set of labeled graphs or trees have been proposed. Authors proposed a method which achieves an efficient search of all frequent subgraph patterns from labeled graphs, and extended it to discover more meaningful patterns. In this paper, we consider the relation between patterns found by our methods and descriptions of graphs represented by predicates of first order logic. 1.)*+, -/01234506789:/; ?@ABCD EFGHIJKLMNOCDEPQRSTUVWXEYZ[ \; FHIJjgle/AGM_2abc JmndkYopq\/rVA;PQfsWjgCVEF GHItuvwxywUE56z{|};~e€X W'DE 2.ƒ"…†‡ˆ‰ƒ 2.1Š‹ŒŽ''""•– 506t\012J—€˜™tš@A>E›œq/Bž5 OCŸ /56; X506@A1⁄23⁄4dWX4/ ?Ae˜™oRFGHIJ1⁄23⁄4DE_2abcR STUVWYA|ÂPQtdW\AGM [Inokuchi 03a] FSG/gSpan Gaston/FREQT/TreeMiner>?aEYA A\ [AAE, Nijssen]JCEUVkXY


Tissue culture has paved way for the clonal multiplication rapidly of elite plants, crop improvement, genetic transformation, basic morphogenesis studies, and conservation and exchange of germplasms. The plantlets usually exhibit high mortality rate upon their transfer to soil as a result of transplantation shock caused by abiotic and biotic stress and weak root system in the absence of beneficial microflora. The role of such different microbes has been enumer - ated in our study. Soil microbes where obtained from different soil beds, each varying in their biological activity. A single bacterium was checked for their role in plant growth then dual parameters of six different microbes, namely; Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Psuedomonas, VAM and PSB were used in different proportions. Root induction of such mi- crobes to the micropropagated plants showed increase in the root length, the shoot length, leaf primordia and the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight was more, when compared to the control and single bacteria used. This present study checks the plant growth in dual bacterial treatment given to the plants. Later there was a fedility test conducted to the biotized plants to prove the plants genetic material was of true type.


A method is presented for the separation and determination of flurandrenolone acetonide (6α-fluoro-11β,16α,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione-16,17-acetonide) and some closely related steroids. This is achieved by TLC on silica gel using a one-dimensional multiple development technique. The related foreign steroids are determined semiquantitatively while flurandrenolone acetonide is determined quantitatively by extracting its spot from the plate, and comparing it to a standard treated similarly.


In many areas of science one often has a given matrix, representing for example a measured data set and is required to find a matrix that is closest in a suitable norm to the matrix and possesses additionally a structure,inherited from the model used or coming from the application. We call these problems structured matrix nearness problems. We look at three different groups of these problems that come from real applications, analyze the properties of the corresponding matrix structure, and propose algorithms to solve them efficiently.The first part of this thesis concerns the nearness problem of finding the nearest $k$ factor correlation matrix $C(X) =\diag(I_n -XX^T)+XX^T$ to a given symmetric matrix, subject to natural nonlinear constraints on the elements of the $n\times k$ matrix $X$, where distance is measured in the Frobenius norm.Such problems arise, for example, when one is investigating factor models of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) or multivariate time series. We examine several algorithms for solving the nearness problem that differ in whether or not they can take account of the nonlinear constraints and in their convergence properties. Our numerical experiments show that the performance of the methods depends strongly on the problem, but that, among our tested methods, the spectral projected gradient method is the clear winner.In the second part we look at two two-sided optimization problems where the matrix of unknowns $Y\in\R^{n\times p}$ lies in the Stiefel manifold. These two problems come from an application in atomic chemistry where one is looking for atomic orbitals with prescribed occupation numbers. We analyze these two problems, propose an analytic optimal solution of the first and show that an optimal solution of the second problem can be found by solving a convex quadratic programming problem with box constraints and $p$ unknowns. We prove that the latter problem can be solved by the active-set method in at most $2p$ iterations. Subsequently, we analyze the set of optimal solutions $\mathcal{C}=\{Y\in\R^{n\times p}:Y^TY=I_p, Y^TNY=D\}$ of the first problem for $N$ symmetric and $D$ diagonal and find that a slight modification of it is a Riemannian manifold. We derive the geometric objects required to make an optimization over this manifold possible. We propose an augmented Lagrangian-based algorithm that uses these geometric tools and allows us to optimize an arbitrary smooth function over $\mathcal{C}$. This algorithm can be used to select a particular solution out of the latter set $\mathcal{C}$ by posing a new optimization problem. We compare it numerically with a similar algorithm that,however, does not apply these geometric tools and find that our algorithm yields better performance.The third part is devoted to low rank nearness problems in the $Q$-norm, where the matrix of interest is additionally of linear structure, meaning it lies in the set spanned by $s$ predefined matrices $U_1,\ldots, U_s\in\{0,1\}^{n\times p}$. These problems are often associated with model reduction, for example in speech encoding, filter design, or latent semantic indexing. We investigate three approaches that support any linear structure and examine further the geometric reformulation by Schuermans et al.\ (2003). We improve their algorithm in terms of reliability by applying the augmented Lagrangian method and show in our numerical tests that the resulting algorithm yields better performance than other existing methods.


Nitrogen mustards are among the first modern anticancer chemotherapeutics that are still widely used as non-specific anticancer alkylating agents. While the mechanism of action of mustard drugs involves the generation of DNA interstrand cross-links, the predominant lesions produced by these drugs are nitrogen half-mustard-N7-dG (NHMG) adducts. The bulky major-groove lesion NHMG, if left unrepaired, can be bypassed by translesion synthesis DNA polymerases. However, studies of the translesion synthesis past NHMG have not been reported so far. Here we present the first synthesis of an oligonucleotide containing a site-specific NHMG. We also report kinetic and structural characterization of human DNA polymerase η (polη) bypassing NHMG. The templating NHMG slows dCTP incorporation ~130-fold, while it increases the misincorporation frequency ~10-30-fold, highlighting the promutagenic nature of NHMG. A crystal structure of polη incorporating dCTP opposite NHMG shows a Watson-Crick NHMG:dCTP base pair with a large propeller twist angle. The nitrogen half-mustard moiety fits snugly into an open cleft created by the Arg61-Trp64 loop of polη, suggesting a role of the Arg61-Trp64 loop in accommodating bulky major groove adducts during lesion bypass. Overall, our results presented here provide first insights into translesion synthesis of the major DNA adduct formed by nitrogen mustard drugs.


The concept of sustainability has become of major relevance in management literature and business education. It has crossed the boundaries of corporate social responsibility towards new perspectives that stress the necessity of a more holistic approach to entrepreneurial value creation. Although the field of sustainability entrepreneurship has advanced in proving a definition and description of its phenomenon, current literature has so far been unable to capture and explain, both conceptually and empirically, how and why particular individuals decide to pursue opportunities with social and environmental components concurrent with pursuing economic viability. This study tackles this challenge by examining the complex set of conditions that produce the different components of this particular opportunity development process, comprising the development of venture ideas, the organization of entrepreneurial actions and the formation of exchange relationships. Based on an inductive Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the opportunity process of 45 sustainable ventures, this study explores 13 different potential conditions for the above outcomes, upon which it identifies necessary conditions and sufficient configurations of conditions that lead to the integration of sustainability in the different stages of the opportunity process. The study provides refined knowledge and theoretical language on complex causation that facilitate the explanation of how this process unfolds based on the logic of necessity and sufficiency. It makes a broader contribution to both theorizing and research design in the study of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes by presenting a systematic and configurational view of entrepreneurial efforts and offering a basis for understanding the integration of sustainability in the development of venture opportunities.


Objective: To examine the difference of bonding interface between four resin cements on dentin by SEM. Methods: Flat occlusive dentin surfaces were finished from 12 freshly extracted non-carious human third molars. All specimens are randomized in-to 4 groups (n=3), which were bonded by four resin cement (RelyX Unicem, Panavia F, Variolink II and Vitique). They were secondly cut and observed bond surfaces with SEM. Results: Among four resin cements on dentin, resin tags were not observed from a self-adhe-sive cement, which were obviously obtained from the others. Conclusion: A new self-adhesive resin cement RelyX Unicem was defferent from traditionary resin cements in ultrastructure.


The policies and structure of the human services system of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) which expresses a strong commitment to maternal and child health and related social services was investigated. The discussion presents a general description of the national health and social services system emphasizing the organization of ambulatory maternal and child services followed by an examination of selected health policies. The GDR constitution grants its citizens medical and social services. All health and medical care facilities belong to the state and all people working in the health care system are employed by the state with the exception of a small steadily decreasing number of private practices. Ultimate control of the health and social services system rests with the national Ministry of Health and Social Services. The intermediate administrative levels are the 15 counties (Bezirke); the local levels are the 219 districts (Kreise). Ambulatory health care including maternal and child services is provided by an organized network of clinics whose personnel and services vary with local needs. In most of the 15 counties of the GDR including rural areas there are favorable ratios of patients to primary care physicians i.e. general practitioners pediatricians and obstetrician gynecologists. Observations of maternal and child primary care services in numerous urban and rural sites were consistent with the health care provider distribution statistics. All women receive prenatal care and 89% have their 1st prenatal visit before the 16th week of pregnancy. Such coverage can be attributed to several factors. There is a concerted effort made in schools at work and in the communications media to emphasize the importance of ensuring good prenatal health. The health service system sponsors conveniently available courses for pregnant health. The health service system sponsors conveniently available courses for pregnant women. Working women are allowed paid time off to attend prenatal clinics an important benefit since 85% of pregnant women are employed. An example of a particularly effective health maintenance program is that provided for diabetic mothers. 1/3 begin the program prior to conception. Participation at well baby clinics is excellent and the organization of dental health services is designed to encourage utilization. In the GDR outreach services are provided primarily by the community nurse and the health and welfare worker. In addition to the administrative integration of health and social services at all government levels functional integration is particularly evident in the delivery of health maintenance services beginning in the prenatal period and continuing throughout childhood and adolescence. Health services are supplemented by an extensive program of financial and social supports designed to nurture young families.


As a continuation of our investigations on the influence of avitaminoses on the oxidation-reduction mechanism of the animal organism, we have studied during the past 3 years the ascorbic acid content of various tissues and endocrines in several vitamin deficiency diseases. Although the rat on satisfactory diets synthesizes ascorbic acid, we have found considerable reductions of this vitamin in certain tissues and endocrines in vitamin A, vitamin B1, and riboflavin deficiencies, thus establishing a definite vitamin interrelationship. The results of these studies are summarized in Tables I to IV inclusive. The preparation of tissue extracts and methods of ascorbic acid determination have been recently described elsewhere (I). It should be mentioned here, however, that the micromethod of Farmer and Abt (2) developed for blood was adopted for endocrines. The composition of the vitamin Aand vitamin B1-deficient diets has been given in a recent issue of this Journal (3). However, in the repeated vitamin A depletion experiments the ration was modified so that 15 per cent Crisco replaced an equivalent amount of dextrin, in order to insure a sufficiency of vitamin E. Riboflavin deficiency was produced according to the technique of Day and coworkers (4). 50 per cent of the pathological animals developed cataract. Vitamin Bg deficiency was produced on a


changes are taking place on the European «gas map», due to putting into operation new gas pipelines that bypass the territory of Ukraine. Therefore, our state receives less revenue to the state budget, due to reduction of transit volume, and the fuel volume imported by our country from the EU decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to diversify energy sources in order not to avoid «gas» reliance on the Russian Federation again. In addition, almost half of Ukraine's natural gas consumption is compensated for its own production. The other half is imported. One of the natural gas alternatives is Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). It is formed by strong compression, and on the input terminal it is regasified – returned to gaseous state. According to previous forecasts in 2020, the share of LNG in the world market will be about 35%, and by 2030 it is expected to grow up to 60%. It is noted in this paper that at present the liquefied gas market is developing faster than the natural gas market. This fact is explained by low production cost and high market supply. Therefore, liquefied natural gas will cost for Ukraine less than Russian or European ones. The first deliveries of LNG to Ukraine have already been performed through the Polish terminal in Swinoujscie. Options for the construction of own fixed terminal or floating regasifier are considered as well. Thus, carried out investigation clearly specifies Ukraine's need to diversify its energy sources. LNG is considered to be a major alternative to natural gas, and the main roads of liquefied gas transportation to Ukraine are defined.


9575 Background: Distress is defined as an unpleasant emotional experience that may interfere with the ability to cope with cancer or its treatment. Distress screening is recommended during transitions including survivorship. We describe distress in cancer survivors before and after participation in a multidisciplinary survivorship clinic. Methods: All patients participating in the Yale Adult Survivorship Clinic were asked to complete the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (DT) immediately before and after a visit. Survivors ranked distress from 0 (none) to 10 (extreme) and indicated associated problems from a 39-item list. A score ≥ 4 was considered clinically significant. Survivors were seen by an MD/APRN, social worker, registered dietitian and physical therapist. Survivors received individual counseling on topics including survivorship care, diet and exercise, and coping. All were offered a follow-up visit approximately 8 weeks later. Distress screening was repeated at the foll...


Introduction. Kempe 1 and Heawood 2 have shown that five colors are sufficient for coloring any map on a sphere. We conjecture the existence of some maps for which five colors are necessary, and seek the simplest example. For this end we here consider only minimal maps, namely those five-color maps such that any map with fewer regions is four-colorable. This paper investigates the structure of minimal maps by a systematic analysis of rings. By a proper n-ring we mean [1] a cycle of n distinct regions, each adjacent to the regions which precede and succeed it in the cyclic order, [2] but to no other region in the cycle, and [31 dividing the rest of the map into two non-empty sides. This definition is equivalent [in minimal maps] to the usage of Birkhoff 3 who introduced the terminology " ring of n regions." The first condition conveys the generic meaning of the word ring as used by many four-color writers without a formal definition. The second condition originated with Birkhoff, and corresponds to what Veblen 4 intended by a simple circuit. For n = 1, 2, 3 it adds nothing to the generic meaning, but Birkhoff excluded these cases thereby implying the tbird condition. A ring divides the regions of a map into three mutually exclusive parts: the regions R of the ring itself, the regions I inside the ring, and the regions 0 outside the ring. Ordinarily the terms " inside " and " outside " are interchangeable, but whenever the structure of one side is simpler or more fully known we shall refer to it as the inside, achieving thereby an economy of description. In proper rings, I is a proper subset of the map. Whenever we use the term ring in the generic sense with a meaning other than that set forth in the foregoing definition, we shall warn the reader by calling it an improper ring. Thus a single region forms an improper 1-ring, two adjacent regions form an improper 2-ring, the regions meeting at a vertex form an improper 3-ring, and the regions participating in an edge form an improper 4-ring. Conversely, these examples of improper n-rings are the only possibilities for


Within this research data from monitoring of ambient air quality in Devnya region for the period 2006 – 2012 regarding the concentration of oxides of nitrogen NOx has been analyzed along with data from monitoring of NOx and nitrous oxide N2O emissions from a nitric acid plant situated in the industrial zone of Devnya for the same period. Results indicate that NOx and N2O emissions have significant effect upon the quality of the atmospheric air in the region but monitoring data is not a sufficient source to assess the contribution of these pollutants to ambient air quality. A necessity of mathematical modeling the diffusion of N2O emissions is concluded having in mind the processes of photo dissociation, chemical destruction and dispersion of this air pollutant that occur in the ground atmospheric layer and estimating the effect of the secondary pollutants proceeded from these reactions upon ambient air quality.


In this study we examine the impact of entrepreneur personal values on the organizational structure of small business. The leadership imperative theory suggests that entrepreneur's personal traits will have an impact on his or her style of management. We propose that the way a small business is structured, that is, its major structural characteristics, is not only determined by the strategic, technological and environmental factors, but also is influenced by the personal values of the owner(s) of the small business. An empirical analysis of data collected from more than 200 small businesses provide support to our hypotheses. The implications of the findings from this study are discussed in this paper.


Although many know that Thomas Alva Edison had an aptitude for turning scientific advances into useful products such as the lightbulb, fewer people may realize that many of those inventions were enabled by his knowledge and application of chemistry. To highlight this connection, the American Chemical Society has recognized the chemical research and development work of the iconic inventor as a National Historic Chemical Landmark. Ceremonies at the present-day sites of Edison's laboratories marked the designation. The events were held at the Edison & Ford Winter Estates in Fort Myers, Fla., on May 25; the Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange, N.J., on June 6; and The Henry Ford museum in Dearborn, Mich., on Sept. 20. Edison, who was born in 1847, "believed in the transforming power of chemistry to improve people's lives in powerful ways," said Ned D. Heindel, past-president of ACS, who spoke at the West ...


All the interviews went through the process of verbatim tran-scription and subsequent content analysis. Results: Two dimensions of generational ambivalence were revealed from the study; support and the conflict dimensions. Findings of content analysis produced six themes, which represent intergenerational relations between older adults and adult children: older adults-adult children inter-action quality; family integration; care and support; defin-ition of limits; distance and alienation; and communication difficulties. Conclusions: This study highlighted the diversity of ex-periences in old age, in relation to intergenerational relationships and underlined the conflicting expectations from older adults in relation to their adult children.


Compositions, reactions mixtures, kits, and systems for detecting bacterial contamination are provided, as well as methods of using the same.


The blue-ringed octopus Hapalochlaena maculosa uses both the mantle and tentacles for swimming. Activities of octopine dehydrogenase. lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in mantle and tentacle muscles indicate that both tissues depend on anaerobic glycolysis during swimming. with octopine rather than lactate accumulating as an end product. Following swimming. both mantle and tentacles show a decrease in arginine phosphate, an increase in octopine. and a fall in energy charge. On the basis of ATP equivalents per grain of muscle obtained from arginine phosphate and anaerobic glycolysis, the two tissues are similar, but when the relative muscle weights are taken into account ATP production is at least 10-fold greater in the tentacles than in the mantle.


Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of fibrinolyric protein from Eupolyphage sinesis Walker(EFP) in vitro and in vivo.Methods MTT assay was used to test the effect of growth inhibition on Hela cells.Cell cycle and cell apopotsis were detected by flowcytometry and AnnexinV-FITC/PI fluorescence staining.S180 bearing mice were used to detect anti-tumor effect in vivo.Results EFP could inhibit the proliferation,change the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis of Hela cells.In addition,it could also inhibit the growing of S180 tumor in bearing mice.Conclusion EFP has anti-tumor effect.


Objective To study the role of pulmonary angiography with 16-detector row spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods Forty-nine patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism were examined prospectively with 16-detector row spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Contrast enhanced 3-mm section thickness was used to scan the entire chest and the raw data were used to perform the reconstruction with 1-mm section thickness and multiplanar reformation (MPR).The axial images of 3-mm,1-mm section thickness,and MPR were compared.Results PE were diagnosed in 42 of 49 patients,and 352 branches were detected,including 8 left or right main pulmonary arteries,96 lobar arteries,132 segmental vessels,and 116 subsegmental arteries.For displaying the emboli in main pulmonary arteries and lobar arteries,the results of the images with 3-mm,1-mm section thicknesses and MPR were identical.But 1-mm-thick section yielded higher rate of detecting emboli in segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries compared with 3-mm-thick sections,and there was significant difference statistically (P0.01),and 1-mm-thick section MPR achieved a better result in revealing the abnormalities in comparison to the axial images,but there was no significant difference statistically (P0.05).Conclusion 16-detector row spiral CT pulmonary angiography is non-invasive,fast,and highly sensitive for PE,and it should be the modality of choice for the diagnosis of PE.


. A locally flatly embedded 2-sphere in a compact 4-manifold X is called a spine if the inclusion map is a homotopy equivalence. A spine is called simple if the complement of the 2-sphere has abelian fundamental group. We prove that if two simple spines represent the same generator of H 2 ( X ) then they are ambiently isotopic. In particular, the theorem applies to simple shake-slicing 2-spheres in knot traces.


Chitona suturalis (Olivier, 1811) is recorded in Toledo, Ciudad Real and Madrid provinces. The specimens were captured around inland salt lakes, on halophytes of the genus Limonium Mill.


Long‐term forgetting (LTF) over days or weeks may be a sensitive early marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), useful for preclinical AD trials. We examined associations between LTF and markers of brain pathology in individuals from the world's largest kindred with autosomal dominant AD due to the Presenilin‐1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation.


In order to promote modernization, colleges and universities need to cultivate students' innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability.At the same time, students' practical ability can not be separated from innovation spirit and entrepreneurial ability, because it is an important guarantee to train students into application-oriented talents and carry out quality education, so it is necessary to strengthen the curriculum running of innovative entrepreneurship education.Innovation and entrepreneurship education has become an inevitable requirement for the innovation and development of higher education, and it is also the main direction of the reform of modern education and the improvement of school institutions in the future.Therefore, colleges and universities should actively create a good atmosphere and conditions for cultivating innovative ability for college students, and create more high-quality talents for the cause of socialist construction. Keywords—University student, Innovation and entrepreneurial ability, Reform exploration


Novel forms of the low-temperature phases in the two-dimensional molecular solids with competing interactions between charges, spins and lattice, in particular those featuring anomalous dielectric relaxation, have been the focus of intense activity in recent years. Open issues concern the nature of collective charge excitations as well as their coupling to applied ac and dc electric fields. The charge response is reasonably well understood by now in the charge-ordered phase with the formation of ferroelectric-like domains below the metal-to-insulator phase transition [1, 2]. Conversely, the dielectric response observed in dimer Mott insulator phases with no charge ordering [3] is rather intriguing [4, 5, 6, 7]. In this presentation we review our in-depth study (dc conductivity, Hall effect and dielectric spectroscopy) of the anisotropic charge response in an unconventional Mott insulator with spin liquid kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3. Variable-range hopping transport within molecular planes in dc limit and an anomalously broad anisotropic dielectric relaxation in audio-frequency range demonstrate the inherent heterogeneity present in nominally pure single crystals of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3. The relaxation bears fingerprints of relaxor ferroelectricity: a gradual slowing down becomes dominated by tunneling at low temperatures and at the bifurcation temperature anomalous features in dielectric constant, mean relaxation time and spectral broadening are detected. We argue that the observed behavior is due to a strong charge-spin-lattice coupling reflecting the gradual emergence of random potential and domain structure originated in the anion network. [1] T.Ivek et al., Phys.Rev.B83, 165128 (2011). [2] T.Ivek et al., Phys.Rev.B86, 245125 (2012). [3] K.Sedlmeier et al., Phys.Rev.B86, 245103 (2012). [4] M.Abdel-Jawad et al., Phys.Rev.B82, 125119 (2010). [5] S.Iguchi et al., Phys.Rev.B87, 075107 (2013). [6] P.Lunkenheimer et al., Nat. Mater. 11, 755 (2012). [7] S.Tomic et al., J.Phys.: Condens.Matter 25, 436004 (2013). [8] M.Pinteric et al., to be submitted (2014).


In 2003 and 2004, research on information and communication technology (ICT) presence and usage was conducted among tertiary education institutions in Slovenia. The basic purpose of the research was to draw up indicators for EU comparisons, following the requirements of Eurostat. The paper mainly presents findings from the second study, in which 85% Slovenian higher education institutions responded to the mail survey. Some interesting findings arose between private and public schools and across study fields as well. The majority of students in Slovenia study at public schools. Business studies are the most popular field for Slovenian students. Business schools are much better equipped than other schools and therefore have better conditions for e-learning. In fact, e-learning is more often used at business schools than elsewhere. The research indicated that school management is aware of the opportunities brought by e-learning and its strategic impact for the further development of institutions. Therefore, the situation in Slovenia is mature for further e-learning development.


Inefficiency in agricultural production is generally interpreted as waste in the use of production factors. We challenge this interpretation by providing an explanation for why apparent inefficiency may result from rational production decisions by farmers and demonstrating systematics in the inefficiency patterns amongst the production factors that lend support for this, i.e. the rational inefficiency hypothesis. Based on a multidirectional efficiency analysis of 421 Swedish dairy farms and statistical analyses of the inefficiency patterns, we provide support for the existence of rational inefficiency. These findings have clear implications for policy schemes aiming at pushing farms towards the efficient production frontier.


An important goal of x-ray microdiffraction is to characterize texture and strain in two or three dimensions with micron resolution. With this scanning x-ray microdiffraction, it is essential to accelerate data collection and to automate the diffraction data analysis. One solution is to collect wide bandpass Laue images which have information equivalent to that of many monochromatic diffraction scans. However, to get a scanned image, tens of thousands of Laue images must be analyzed in reasonable time; automated indexing of Laue points is essential. By comparing measured angles between scattering vectors of Laue points to angles between possible indexes derived from the bandpass, a unique set of indexes can be found. Indexing multi-grain images can also be done by repeating the indexing process for points which do not match an allowed reflection.


The design and implementation of an asynchronous coilgun's structure is relatively simple compared with other types of linear induction launchers. In order to drive rotating electrical machines, multilevel converter structures have attracted much attention in recent decades as a result of their unique advantages. A linear induction launcher has an identical theoretical background to rotating electrical machines; therefore, multilevel converter structures can be applied to them as well. The stator of a launcher can be excited by generators or capacitor groups whose voltage and frequency might be fixed or changeable by a power conditioner. The aim of this study is to design and simulate a novel power conditioner as a multilevel converter topology for the power source of an asynchronous coilgun. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converter topology constitutes the proposed power conditioner in which a level-shifted pulse-width modulation method is used to generate appropriate pulses for the power switches of the converter. Additionally, variable-voltage variable-frequency control is involved in the converter's modulation.


Race-conscious medicine: a response to critique In a recent Letter to the Editor, Choy encouraged 'caution' when 'abolishing adjustment for race in estimating equations and reference values', referencing our recent perspective in The Lancet. Choy provides examples of clinical findings that are purportedly 'influenced by race', including white blood cell (WBC) count, thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Choy also raises the issue of racial diversity in clinical trials, arguing that exclusion of racialised groups could undermine study validity. Here, we reiterate the thrust of our original perspective: that race-conscious medicine 'emphasises racism, rather than race, as a key determinant of illness and health'. We thereby identify the flaws in Choy's concern, contest the cogency of the evidence presented, and comment on the issue of racial diversity in clinical trials. First, by suggesting that reference values and test interpretations are 'influenced by race', Choy implies that race captures a meaningful component of human genetic diversity. As we discussed, race is a political category devised to enshrine social hierarchies based on scientifically racist notions of human variation. Human phenotypic – and genetic – variation occurs gradually across geographic space, with few discontinuities. Accordingly, humans cannot be divided into distinct biological 'types' based on race. Second, the evidence advocating for retention of race as a predictor of biological variation is specious. Choy cites significant differences in WBC counts observed between 'Black' and 'non-Black' participants. Several factors can explain this variation in WBC count, including age, sex, genetics, infection status, comorbidities and exposures, including medications and environmental pollutants; Coates et al. only accounted for the former two. Due to structural racism, including environmental racism and racial segregation, distributions of environmental pollutants occur inequitably, disproportionately harming marginalised communities. Likewise, the nonsystematic review by Surks and Boucai proposes racebased variation in TSH without accounting for multiple confounders related to exposure to racism. Choy also presumes that the 16% higher GFR observed in Black patients reflects a true race-based difference, without acknowledging the evidence to the contrary, the logical flaws for including a race coefficient, and the existence of valid alternatives, such as eGFR computed from cystatin C (eGFRcys). 11 In addition, the National Kidney Foundation and American Society of Nephrology task force concluded that race does not belong in eGFR calculations. Last, Choy raises concerns that 'excluding racial minority individuals from Phase 1 clinical trials could raise questions on the validity of a trial's findings'. We agree with this assertion – and note we never argued against racial diversity in clinical trials – with an important caveat. Race is a flawed means of capturing human genetic diversity; however, current racial categories may imperfectly encompass geographic variation in alleles that contribute to biological phenotypes. A more fitting alternative would ensure studies capture variation across principal components of genome-wide assessments of ancestry. As with any policy reform, race-conscious medicine should be adopted with careful consideration paid to potential unintended consequences. That said, we remain confident that our approach – emphasising racism, rather than race – will advance health equity.


Introduction: In recent years, unauthorized disposal of the hazardous wastes has threatened the human health and created many environmental problems in human societies. Given the direct and indirect hazards of these wastes, it is essential to collect information with regard to their appropriate management in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of the hazardous waste and its management in industries of Damghan City in Iran.
Methods: Initially, the list of industries in Damghan City was prepared. Later, the necessary coordination was made with the relevant organizations and active units were identified. After the field tours, information on the quality, quantity, and management of the hazardous wastes was collected by a questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that the total hazardous waste products in the investigated industries were 4795 kg per month; 36.36% of the industries produced toxic substances, 9.09% created corrosive substances, 36.36% flammable materials, and 18.18% resulted in reactive substances. None of the studied industrial units had a control system after disposal of the industrial hazardous waste. Furthermore, only 36.36% of the industries had specialized staff to collect and dispose the hazardous waste.
Conclusion: To prevent environmental pollution and preserve the human health, a proper management system should be established for organizing the industrial wastes. Furthermore, identifying and gathering information about the industrial processes, raw materials, and waste products can be very useful in managing hazardous industrial wastes.


The article offers the renovation of Oregon Shakespeare Festival's campus, a plaza known far and wide as the Bricks located in Ashland, Oregon designed by John McLaren in 1914.


In the Timaeus, Plato says that the hypothesis of there being five worlds casts a reasonable doubt. Neither ancient commentators of Plato nor modern scholars have succeeded in unveiling the meaning of this hypothesis. I propose that five is the number of combinations with which the five platonic solids can be arranged in sets of four, each set making up a world. I discuss the question of whether Plato's mathematical skills made him equal to the task of calculating the correct number of combinations, as well as the possible reasons why he rejected the hypothesis of there being five worlds.


ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide a complete and clear overview of the distinguishing dc and microwave features of HEMT performance under illumination. Devices based on different materials and technologies have been employed, thus making clear that the relevant findings can be considered of general validity. The analysis has been carried out in terms of dc, scattering and noise parameters, and supported with extensive measurements and in-depth modelling. Finally, the performance of X-band low-noise amplifiers with HEMTs exposed to laser radiation has been investigated. This study targets to contribute in the development of optically controlled transistors to perform various functions in microwave electronics circuits.


List of contributors Foreword Introduction: archaeolgical appraoches to cultural identity Objectivity, Interests and Cultural Difference in Archaeological Interpretation 1. Ethnic concepts in German prehistory: a case study on the relationship between cultural identity and archaelogical objectivity 2. The Vandals: myths and facts about a Germanic tribe of the first half of the 1st millennium AD 3. Theory, profession, and the political role of archaeolgy 4. An epistemological enquiry into some archaeological and historical interpretations of 17th century native American-European relations 5. Matters of fact and matters of interest 6. The role of 'local knowledge' in archaeological interpretation Cultural Identity and its Material Expression in the Past and the Present 7. Material aspects of Limba, Yalunka and Kuranko ethnicity: archaeological research in northeastern Sierra-Leone 8. Multiculturalism in the eastern Andes 9. The property of symmetry and the concept of ethnic style 10. Patterns of learning, residence and descent among potters in Ticul, Yucatan, Mexico 11. Some ethnospecific features in central and eastern European archaeology during the early Middle Ages: the case of Avars and Hungarians 12. Ancient ethnic groups as represented on bronzes from Yunnan, China 13. The archaeology of the Yoruba: problems and possibilities 14. Ethnicity and traditions in Mesolithic mortuary practices of southern Scandinavia 15. Detecting political units in archaeology - an Iron Age example The Genesis, Maintenance and Disappearance of Ethnicity and Cultural Variation 17. Sociocultural and economic elements of the adaptation systems of the Argentine Toba: the Nacilamolek and Taksek cases of Formosa Province 18. Spatial heterogeneity in Fuego-Patagonia 19. Cultural and ethnic processes in prehistory as seen through the evidence of archaeology and related disciplines 20. Research with style: a case study from Australian rock art 21. Steppe traditions and cultural assimilation of a nomadic people: the Cumanians in Hungary in the 13th-14th century 22. An ethnic change or a socio-economic one? The 5th and 6th centuries Index


It has been shown recently that in order for real-time correlation functions obtained from centroid molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations to be directly related, without further approximations, to the corresponding quantum correlation functions, one of the operators should be linear in the position and/or momentum [Jang and Voth, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 2357 (1999)]. Standard reaction rate theory relates the rate constant to the flux–Heaviside or the flux–flux correlation functions, which involve two nonlinear operators and therefore cannot be calculated via CMD without further approximations. We present an alternative, and completely equivalent, reaction rate theory which is based on the position–flux correlation function. The new formalism opens the door to more rigorously using CMD for the calculation of quantum reaction rate constants in general many-body systems. The new method is tested on a system consisting of a double-well potential bilinearly coupled to a harmonic bath. The results obtained via CMD are found to be in good agreement with the numerically exact results for a wide range of frictions and temperatures.


This course is intended as an introduction to the approaches and techniques of the practice of integrated assessment. The objective is to develop the students' capabilities to link these new techniques to marine policy problems as part of the developing problematique of sustainability science. Required readings, as indicated, are available either from the internet or on line from Fish-Ocean Library. The format emphasizes problem-focused, placebased research, therefore methodological literature is always combined with case studies. Students will be asked to lead the discussions with critiques of the case studies. The instructors will present from Weeks I to V, after which students will be formed in teams of 45 around a topic. Weeks VI – VIII will be devoted to researching the problem. Weeks IX and X will be devoted to presentation of results.


Originality of Study: The research was conducted on the department managers working in 4 and 5-star hotel enterprises in Marmaris and Bodrum districts of Mugla Province. There are a very limited number of studies in terms of determining the intercultural levels of employees and managers in hotel enterprises and examining them according to demographic characteristics. The research achieved results supporting similar studies. It is deemed significant in terms of determining according to which variables the concept of intercultural sensitivity differ and achieving results that can be generalized. Furthermore, the results which emphasized the importance of intercultural communication in the recruitment of the employees who received tourism education within the sector were also obtained.


In the present study, reaction components such as emulsifiers, emulsifier combinations, and initiators were used for the particle stabilization of water-borne vinyl acetate - butyl acrylate copolymer latexes. The effects of these parameters on the colloidal film-forming properties of the vinyl acetate-co-butyl acrylate latex colloidal, physicochemical, surface, and film forming properties were investigated, in particular the aspect of their surface coating applications.


Consumers" attitudes towards purchasing either foreign or local products have been a matter of debate. Therefore the objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of consumers" attitudes on imported products in Tanzania by exploring factors which attract Tanzanian consumers to purchase imported products. This study employed cross sectional design. Data were collected in Dodoma Municipal in which self- administered questionnaires were used to collect the required information. The study randomly sampled 200 respondents who included 92 business men/women, 60 students and 48 servants. The data obtained were analyzed using MS - Excel computer software. The results showed that Tanzanian consumers" attitudes on imported products were heavily influenced by the sense of proud, advertising and marketing, local market destructions, consumers" awareness about the imported products, import brand name, group reference and unavailable local substitutes. These variables have affected the Tanzanian consumers to purchase foreign products differently. The study recommends that local companies should emphasize on the use of promotion, marketing, labelling and brand names that will attract and make local consumers to be proud when consuming local products. Also local companies should search for good strategies like making local consumers more patriotic and aware about their local products specifically on the matter of standard, quality and the use of group influence to attract consumers to use local products. In addition, the government should strengthen local companies" production by providing subsidies and lower their product tax in such a way that local companies will be attracted to produce more instead of being agencies of foreign countries products. Lastly the government should implement regulations and policies that restrict importation of products that are locally produced. This will eventually promote the domestic production of goods and services.


Institutions determine prospects for economic growth and development. This paper collapses potentially complex interactions of different institutions into a simple condition on the primitives that determines whether a society supports spot markets or not. In a dynamic model of an agrarian economy agents are heterogeneous in land holdings, skill, and food endowments. Food holdings serve as a proxy for agents' power to expropriate. The main point of interest is whether land is assigned to the skilled or to the powerful, i.e.\ by coalitional expropriation or by markets. The model finds two different types of limit behavior: a sequence of stable markets and a limit cycle where markets and expropriation alternate. More equal first period endowment distributions facilitate sustainable markets that, in turn, enhance economic efficiency and decrease macroeconomic fluctuations.


Teaching reform primarily takes place in class.However,teaching by offering examples,as a principal part of classroom teaching,is often unnoticed.Here exist such problems as all examples are ready-made and from others,many examples meaningless,teaching media improper,teaching methods monotonous,teaching agent unvarying,teaching aims single.On the basis of teaching practice,this paper focuses on a thorough analysis of these problems,bringing forward corresponding countermeasures.


In this manuscript we present an automated algorithm for the alignment of thoracic scans using descriptors of bone structures. Bone structures were utilized because they are expected to be less susceptible to sources of errors such as patient positioning and breath hold. The algorithm employed the positioning of ribs relative to the spinal cord along with a description of the scapula. The spinal cord centroid was detected by extracting local maxima of the distance transform followed by point tracing along consecutive slices. Ribs were segmented using adaptive thresholding followed by the watershed algorithm to detach ribs from the vertebra, and by imposing requirements of rib proximity to the lung border. The angles formed between the spinal cord centroid and segmented rib centroids were used to describe rib positioning. Additionally, the length of the scapula was extracted in each slice. A cost function incorporating the difference of features from rib positioning and scapula length between two slices was derived and used to match slices. The method was evaluated on a set of 12 pairs of full and partial CT scans acquired on the same day. Evaluation was based on whether the slices showing a nodule at its maximum diameter in each scan were matched. Full-to-partial and partial-to-full alignment were performed. Results showed that the proposed metric matched nodule slices within an average distance of 1.08 and 1.17 slices from the target for full-to-partial and partial-to-full alignment respectively. These preliminary results are encouraging for using this method as a first step in an overall process of temporally analyzing CT lung nodules.


Purpose: To investigate the long-term outcome and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients after conversion of the ileal conduit to abdominal continent ileal reservoir. Methods: From June 2001 to November 2007, 10 patients with Bricker conduit underwent a procedure to convert their existing ileal conduit to abdominal continent ileal reservoir. The patients' own opinions about their reservoir function and HRQoL (SF-36) were assessed during follow-up. In addition, urodynamic study of the efferent tubes and pouch was performed at three and 12 months post-op. Results: All patients successfully underwent the operation without perioperative complications and were followed for 102 to 180 months (mean 142 months). All patients expressed satisfaction with the reservoir function and preferred the abdominal continent reservoir compared to previous ileal conduit. Eight patients were continent day and night. All patients had stable renal function and metabolic balance. There was no significant difference in six of the eight scales of SF-36 between patients and general population in china (p>0.05). The urodynamic study showed that the maximum close pressure of the tapered ileum was significantly higher when the pouch was full than when it was empty at both three and 12 months (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicated that patients with abdominal continent reservoir had a good long-term outcome and HRQoL. The abdominal continent reservoir is a therapeutic option when patients require conversion from an incontinent type of urinary diversion to continent type.


Objective To investigate the distribution of progesterone receptor(PR)on the endometrium between the mice treated by estrus synchronization and those in natural estrus,and analyze whether such kind of PR distribution was solely induced by endogentic progesterone.Methods According to the different treatments,27 mice were divided into three groups:(1) the group in natural estrus and pseudocyesis(the control group),(2) the group treated by estrus synchronization and pseudocyesis,(3) the group in natural estrus,pseudocyesis and being ovariectomized at the first day of estrus.Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the progesterone receptors distributed on the three types of endometrium cells among all those groups.On Day 4,the positive staining cell number of glandular epithelium and endometrial stroma in the group of natural estrus,was much higher than that by Estrus synchronization(P0.05).On Day 6,the positive staining cell number of all three types of cells in the group in natural estrus,was also much higher than that in estrus synchronization one(P0.05).In addition,the positive staining cell number of the group in natural estrus,pseudocyesis and being ovariectomized at the first day of estrus,was much lower than the other two groups both on Day 6 and Day 8(P0.05).Conclusion The PR distribution on murine endometrium by estrus synchronization is much higher than that in natural estrus.Such kind of PR distribution is mainly induced by their endogentic progesterone.


8005 Background: In a phase 1b trial, a SC formulation of DARA with recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20; ENHANZE drug delivery technology, Halozyme, Inc.) had adequate PK, low rates of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) and similar efficacy to DARA IV. This phase 3 study compared the efficacy, PK, and safety of DARA SC vs IV in pts with RRMM. Methods: DARA SC (1,800 mg DARA + rHuPH20 [2,000 U/mL]) and DARA IV (16 mg/kg IV) were given weekly for C1-2 (28-day cycles), every 2 weeks for C3-6, and every 4 weeks thereafter. DARA SC (15 mL) was given over 3-5 mins at alternating left/right abdominal sites. Pts (≥18 years) must have received ≥3 prior lines of therapy (LOT), including a PI and an IMiD, or were double refractory. Co-primary endpoints were ORR (analyzed by Farrington-Manning test, with non-inferiority = 60% retention of ORR) and pre-dose C3D1 DARA Ctrough (non-inferiority = lower bound of 90% CI for the ratio of the geometric means [GM] ≥80%). Results: 522 pts were randomized (n=263 SC; n=259 IV). Median age was 67 yrs. Median baseline body weight was 73 kg. Pts received a median of 4 LOT and 100% had received both PI and IMiD; 17% had high cytogenetic risk at baseline. Median follow-up was 7.5 mos. ORR was 41% for DARA SC and 37% for DARA IV. DARA SC retained at least 89% of the benefit of DARA IV (97.5% confidence). The ratio of GM of Ctrough for DARA SC over DARA IV was 108% (90% CI, 96%-122%). A significantly lower rate of IRRs was observed with DARA SC vs DARA IV (12.7% vs 34.5%; P<0.0001). Median duration of injection was 5 mins for DARA SC and median duration of infusion was 421/255/205 mins for the first/second/subsequent DARA IV infusions. Median PFS was 5.6 mos DARA SC vs 6.1 mos DARA IV (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.78-1.26). Most common TEAEs (≥15%) were anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. Primary reasons for treatment discontinuation included progressive disease (43% SC vs 44% IV) and AEs (7% SC vs 8% IV). Conclusions: Efficacy and PK co-primary endpoints were met, demonstrating non-inferiority of DARA SC to IV. DARA SC significantly decreased IRR rate and administration time, with a comparable safety profile to DARA IV. Clinical trial information: NCT03277105.


In a previously published article Dr. Sturtevant attempted to show that smoking is a strong risk factor for some forms of cardiovascular disease and does not intereact with ora contraceptive (OC) use in any deleterious way. In this article the authors criticize the conclusions presented by Dr. Sturtevants article and present their own conclusions based on a careful review of data from the published literature on the subject. There is strong evidence of increased risk of deep vein thrombosis due to OC use; the evidence that smoking is an added risk factor is positive among some authors negative among others. There is also little evidence to suggest an interaction between smoking and OC use in regard to the risk of thrombotic stroke; for hemorrhagic stroke however smoking has been implicated as a risk factor by many authors. A review of articles on nonfatal myocardial infarction shows an increased risk for current OC users; the data also suggest an increased risk for smokers 5.4 compared to nonsmokers 2.0.


The article critically examines the history of formation of the nomenclature of indigenous peoples of the Russian/Soviet North, and the part that personal preferences and ideological attitudes of politicians and scholars had played in it. The author analyzes the connection between aspects of modernism and postmodernism and the theoretical construction of ethnogenesis. He discusses various clichйs that had formed in the Soviet rhetoric and the opposition of stability-changeability as applied to the people of the North.


We study a minimal extension of a recently proposed modification of general relativity that draws on concepts from topological field theory to resolve aspects of the cosmological constant problem. In the original model, the field content of general relativity was augmented to include a gauge field and an adjoint-valued two-form without modifying the classical gravitational dynamics. Here we include a kinetic term for the gauge field which sources fluctuations of the cosmological constant. We then study spherically symmetric black holes and a simple homogeneous, isotropic cosmological model predicted by the extended theory. For the black hole case, we observe deviations near the event horizon as well as a "charge"-like behavior induced by the gauge field. In the cosmological case, Ḣ is always positive and some solutions asymptote to a constant H.


Taking the program of remote sensing science and technology as example, this paper calculated the degree of achievement of the 12 graduate attributes (GAs) adopted by Washington Accord for each student using the direct assessment method based on supporting courses' grades. To make full use of the elective science courses and elective engineering program courses the course combos were adopted as supporting courses linking the GAs to the learning activities. The achievement scores of 12 GAs for 614 students of 2019-2021 were calculated. The results show that on average the 12 scores are all above 0.8. There is a small and steady improvement of the overall achievement scores except for GA6 Engineer and society of the past 3 years. The attributes with high scores are attribute 7 Environment and sustainability, 5 Modern tool usage. However, the low scores are from some soft competency requirement such as 10 Communication, 12 Life-long learning, and 11 Project management, which are the relatively deficient parts in the program of remote sensing science and technology. Comparison of the distribution in different achievement score ranges indicates that the students numbers of a score above 0.89 has increased, from 20% to 22% in 2020 and to 32% in 2021.


A statistical analysis of shaped charge jet break-up was carried out in order to investigate the role of nonlinear instabilities leading to the particulation of the jet. Statistical methods generally used for studying fluctuations in nonlinear dynamical systems are applied to experimentally measured velocities of the individual particles. In particular we present results suggesting the deviation of non-Gaussian behavior for interparticle velocity correlations, characteristic of nonlinear dynamical systems. Results are presented for two silver shaped charge jets that differ primarily in their material processing. We provide evidence that the particulation of a jet is not random, but has its origin in a deterministic dynamical process involving the nonlinear coupling of two oscillators analogous to the underling dynamics observed in Rayleigh-Benard convection and modeled in the return map of Curry and Yorke.


The aim of the present study was to prepare highly luminescent additive composite
polymer with hyamine 1622 and Thioglycolic Acid (TGA) coated CdTe Quantum Dots (QDs).

 The additive nano-composite was synthesized by the colloid synthesis method for the first
time. The properties like particle size, fluorescence efficiency, fluorescence imaging, self-assembling,
quantum dots, encapsulation, etc. were characterized by the employing of instrumental techniques
such as 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BAB image analysis system
spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS).

CdTe quantum dots were stabilized successfully in the solid phase by hydrophobic conversion
with hyamine 1622 as the cationic surfactant. The experimental results show that the prepared
composite is ideal for various applications, easily synthesized, safe, and maintain good fluorescence
properties.

The newly prepared additive nanocomposite having sharp and narrow excitation/
emission properties is expected to be applicable in biomedical/analytical systems.


This study aims to give answers to what type of content, published by professional sport organizations on social media, can engage Swedish sport fans. The definition of "engagement" is based on sub ...


The College of Engineering (COE) at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth has begun to implement course based assessment as part of their curricular continuous improvement program. The targeted faculty are those who are developing innovative courses supported by the Foundation Coalition (FC), a collaborative project funded by National Science Foundation. We began in Spring 1999, and have since tried five different strategies: taking faculty to a two-day assessment workshop, a general lecture on embedding an assessment based continuous improvement loop into courses, a written set of guidelines, individual meetings with faculty, and an interactive half-day workshop. We discovered that faculty accept and implement assessment based continuous improvement in their classes once they understand that: (a) it is in their control, (b) it can be done in ways that are cost-effective in terms of time, and (c) that it can reduce frustration in teaching because it makes visible aspects of courses that can be improved.


Fabrication studies to produce high density solid solutions of 80% UC-- 20% RaC, with reproducible structure, composition, and density, were completed. Two types of material were produced: (U/sub 0.8/Pu/0.2/)C/sub 0.95/, single-phase monocarbide pellets with average densities of 12.8 g/cm/sup 3/ (94% of theoretical), sintered at 1950 deg C; and (U/sub 0.8/Pu/0.2/) C/sub 0.95/ + 0.1 wt% Ni sintering aid, major monocarbide and minor amount of sesquicarbide pellets, with average densities of 13.1 g/cm/sup 3/ (96.5% of theoretical) sintered at 1550 deg C. Bar-shaped thermal expansion specimens were fabricated of UC, prior to fabrication of similar (U,Pu)C specimens. UC pellets were fabricated for electropolishing and liquid-metal bonding studies. Chemical analysis procedures were established, and checked, for plutonium, nitrogen, and oxygen. Chemical analysis procedures for carbon are being estsblished. The experimental setups for the measurement of coefficient of thermal expansion, thernial stability, melting point, and fuel cladding compatibility were completed. Testing of thermal expandsion, vapor pressure, and melting point standards was initiated. UCliquid metal-tantalum compatibility tests were completed, and (U,Pu)C-liquid metal-tantalum compatibility specimens were prepared. These tests are to help in choosing a liquid-metal bond for the thermal conductivity test. The pre-installation tests for the safe performance of the high temperature measurementsmore » glove box were nearly completed. (auth)« less


MANET is a new kind of wireless network with great potentials in both military and civil applications, while clustering is essential to construct a large-scale MANET. But few of the existing clustering schemes concern with the security issue. Thus a new secure clustering scheme called BSS is presented in this paper. Based on the self-organizing feature of the MANET and the agent feature of the mobile node, this scheme introduces self-organizing design paradigms and agent design module. By analysis, this scheme which includes The-Second algorithm and Switch-Head algorithm improves the clustering security and guarantees the clustering performance.


Dania Rishiq, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Audiology at the University of South Alabama. She received her doctoral degree in Speech and Hearing Science from the University of Tennessee in May 2013. Her field of specialty is physiological and neural correlates of auditory perception. Her recent research interests include speech-evoked auditory brainstem response, role of attention in audiovisual speech recognition, pediatric speech in noise tests, and the role of cognition in evaluating cochlear implant candidacy.


An earlier geological and petrophysical investigation of the Lower Cretaceous, Wasia Group in the UAE found potential correlations between seismic velocities (Vp and Vs) and fracture density, except for a group of rock samples that deviates from the general trends. The aim of this study is to better understand the previous results to improve characterization and correlation of the geology and rock properties of the exposed rock.


In order to solve the problem of not interworking the increment service provided by difference services providers in current mobile communication service,mobile communication process were defined as multiple independent Web services.The connection initialization,base station switching and mobile communication process were modeled by using PI-calculus.The PI-calculus expressions were encapsulated and combined.Modeling for PI-calculus can optimize the mobile communication service,and discover problems as soon as possible in the design stage to eliminate repeating business between difference service providers and to ensure their reusability and interoperability.


The characteristic skin tumors of lymphocystis disease a re due to the enormous hypertrophy of host connective tissue cells under the influence of a virus. Only the infected cells hypertrophy ; they become encapsulated and they do not multiply. Nuclei a r e proportionately enlarged, and basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions tend to form a rich network in mature cells. The pattern and texture of these inclusions differ both with age of the cell, and with host species. The disease has been reported in many species of Teleosts, and may be epidemic in Percidae, Centrarchidae, and Pleuronectidae. It may be fairly easily transmitted within the host species or genus, bu t rarely across family limits. Though the etiology was at first uncertain, and various parasites had been suggested as agents, the idea of a causative virus was proposed by Weissenberg (1914). The conditions of infectivity seemed to fit this hypothesis, and Weissenberg's (1951) transfer of the disease to FunduEiLs by an ultrafiltrate of Stizostedion cells gave still stronger support. For fur ther historical and comparative discussion and references, see Weissenberg's ( 1 9 6 5 ~ ) review in this monograph. With careful cytological study of the inclusion bodies, Weissenberg (1949, 1951 & 1960) showed that in lymphocystis material fixed in osmic acid solution (method of Kopsch) , or postosmified, there was a pattern of minute osmiophil granules often associated with the inclusions as a cortical layer. He interpreted these as elementary bodies of the causative virus. This pattern was also found in his material from earlier studies, including lymphocystis cells from Acerim, Stizostedion, Lepomis, and Plewonectes. The granules were seen not only at the surface of simple inclusion bars, but in the interstices of fenestrated inclusion patterns, The granules were seen both in young cells and in mature ones, and associated both with pale inclusions and with dark, osmiophil ones. The sharp contrast provided by osmification allowed visualization of particles below the size susceptible to sure measurement by visible light. With the weaker contrast of routine fixatives and stain, the granulation was scarcely discernible. Besides the densely osmiophil granules, paler ones of similar size were often seen,


This study probed into the mechanism of the cultural ecosystem behind specialty agriculture in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, as well as the interactive and synergistic relationship among various elements through the fieldwork and investigation of six agricultural science and technology parks, four universities, and 15 leading agricultural science and technology enterprises. Nantong's specialty agriculture is characterized by the distinctive features of leading industries, the beginning of the effectiveness of enterprise clusters, and the deepening of the cooperation between industry, academia, and research. Based on this fact, the study proposes to construct an incentive mechanism to strengthen the cooperation of the "specialty agriculture—cultural ecology" mechanism, which aims to maintain the healthy development of Nantong's specialty agricultural industry and cultural ecosystem as well as provide experience and an ideal model for other areas of the same type.


In this research, we consider a fuzzy decision rule of out-of-control states as a criterion in statistical process control. It is used for deciding if a process has exceeded its natural specifications limits. We propose a new framework for modeling control charts based on adaptive (non-asymptotic) fuzzy estimators. The adaptive fuzzy estimators introduced are for dealing with short production run processes. These approaches assume that the process parameters, i.e. the process mean and control parameters are fuzzy numbers estimated from statistical data. In particular, we develop: (i) a fuzzy p-chart, where the proportion of non-conforming units is fuzzy number, and (ii) a fuzzy decision rule as a way for flexible inspection that effectively allows the detection of the real out-of-control states. An application example of the proposed chart is illustrated. Moreover, the differences with prior linguistic-based and α-level fuzzy control charts are discussed.


Abstract Current measurements from a vector-averaging current meter (VACM) on a subsurface mooring and a benthic acoustic stress sensor (BASS) on a bottom tripod are compared to assess their relative accuracy. The instruments were deployed off northern California at a midshelf site (water depth approximately 90 m) as part of the STRESS (Sediment Transport Events on Shelves and Slopes) field program. The subsurface mooring and bottom tripod were within a few hundred meters of each other, with the BASS 5.0 m and the VACM 6.7 m above the bottom, during two tripod deployments of 49 and 32 days in the winter of 1988/89. Speed differences between the VACM and BASS current observations have a mean of 0.2 cm s−1 and a standard deviation of 1.2 cm s−1. If the mean speed profile is logarithmic, the expected mean speed difference due to the vertical separation is about 0.4 cm s−1. The average speed difference between the VACM and BASS increases as near-bottom wave orbital velocities get large relative to hourly aver...


The purpose of this paper was to identify the temporal vegetation changes at the mouth of the Jucu River (ES), southeastern Brazil using the palynology such as forensic trace tool. Thus, a sedimentary core was collected with a depth of 190 cm, and was used to perform pollen, sedimentary and C-14 dating analyses. The results showed the formation of four zones to describe the vegetation evolution and the environmental changes. The first zone started around two thousand years before present (BP), with sandy sediments, which is indicative of high energy flow. The analysis of the palynological profile indicated the presence of herbaceous vegetation. For the second and third zones, there were a predominance of silt-sandy sediment, with the installation of the mangrove. Finally, the fourth zone considers the period of half century until the present, marked by the presence of silt-clay sediment and predominance of herbaceous vegetation. Therefore, those results demonstrate a high application of the pollen analysis to describe the vegetation succession.


The article deals with the relevant feature of the concept of undertaking in European competition law, particularly its definition as an economic unit and possible transplantation of this concept into bankruptcy law. The main features of this concept are related to parent liability and economic continuity. Furthermore, the concept of parental liability is compared to the concept of beneficial owner in European anti-money-laundering legislation and the concept of related party in Slovak insolvency law.


A novel amphiphilic starch piperinic ester (SPE) has been synthesized by coupling a carboxyl group on the piperic acid and a hydroxyl group on the starch backbone. The synthetic process includes three steps. Firstly, piperic acid was obtained by hydrolyzing piperine that was extracted from seeds of Piper longum L (a kind of traditional Mongolian medicine). Then, piperic acid was reacted with carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) under N2 at 70°C for 4 h to form an activated piperic acid. Finally, starch piperinic ester was obtained by the reaction of the activated piperic acid with water-soluble starch at 80°C under N2 for 24 h. The product was characterized by FTIR, NMR. It was found that the starch piperinic ester could easily form stable micelles in aqueous solution, and the spherical morphology of micelle was observed by ESEM. The results of DLS analysis proved that the micelle size depends on the composition of the amphiphilic polymer. Our results demonstrate that SPE has great potential in the drug controlled release delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


In cultivating the appropriate personnel in advertising,universities nowadays faces new challenges of cultivating complex talents with creative capacity in advertising.The author claims that,to achieve the aim,we must hold a generalist ideology and a belief of more practice in education,give the pioneer courses that are needed,have a good team of qualified lecturers,practice advanced ideas and method,in education,that are suitable to foster the talents with creative ability and the comprehensive capacity.


A series of numerical simulations for the generation of supercavitation are carried out with Fluent using k-e turbulence model. The relationship between the cavity shape and the depth is obtained. The influence of submerged depth and vapor pressure on the drag coefficient and the pressure of the head is analyzed. The results show that the cavity size decreases and the drag coefficient increases with the increase of submerged depth. The vapor pressure has little influence on cavity size and drag coefficient.


This bachelor thesis is focused on translation of a technical text. At first, in theoretical part is mentioned several functional styles which are commonly found in English language. The whole chapter is then dedicated to the technical text. Chosen technical text is translated in practical part. This text is from the field of natural sciences, specifically from the physics. The text is then analyzed and some translation phenomena are given into examples. The last chapter of the thesis is terminological dictionary of terms which are appearing in the text.