Abstract : A 1:10-scale (undistorted) three-dimensional coastal hydraulic model was initially used to investigate the design of proposed harbor improvements at St. Paul Harbor, St. Paul Island, Alaska, with respect to wave and current conditions in the harbor and sediment patterns at the site. Wave-induced circulation and sediment patterns seaward of the main breakwater as a result of submerged reefs were investigated. Proposed improvements consisted of deepening the entrance channel, constructing a maneuvering area and installing a wave dissipating landfill inside the existing harbor, and constructing submerged reels seaward of the main breakwater. The model was reactivated in 1997 to study, on a preliminary basis, small-boat harbor improvements and flushing of Salt Lagoon in St Paul Harbor. In this study, the model was reactivated to finalize the design of small-boat harbor improvements and flushing at St. Paul Harbor. The model reproduced approximately 2,865 m (9,400 ft) of the St Paul shoreline, the existing harbor, the surface area of Salt Lagoon with its connecting channel to the harbor, and sufficient offshore area in the Bering Sea to permit generation of the required test waves. An 18.3-m-long (60-ft-long) unidirectional, spectral wave generator and an automated data acquisition and control system were used in model operation. Conclusions from study results were as follows: (a) Preliminary experiments indicated that all improvement plans would result in wave heights of less than 0.3 m (1.0-ft) in the small-boat mooring area for short-period storm wave conditions. (b) Preliminary experiments indicated that the harbor would experience long-period (surge) conditions for all the improvement plans.


Firstly,the concept of city scale 3S system is proposed.And then,the coordination degree of single system for each subsystem and 3S system of city scale are defined.From the dimension of time and space,the coordinations of city scale of our country are compared,which based the coordination degree of each subsystem and 3S system of city scale.The results show that either from time or space dimension the coordination of each subsystem and 3S system of city scale are relatively poor and deteriorating.The coordination for subsystem of city built-up area is the best.The comparative advantage of coordination for each subsystem of city scale in sub-regional is differentiation.


The present invention relates to a method for forming the SRAM device using sidewall image transfer technique, in one example, the method of the present invention comprises: forming a hard mask layer above a semiconductor substrate; forming a patterned mask layer over the spacers of the hard mask layer wherein the patterned mask layer by a plurality of spacers of the first spacer, the second spacer, and a third spacer composition; and by the patterned spacer mask layer on the hard mask layer, performing a first etching process to define the patterned hard mask layer. The method further includes performing a second etching process is performed by the patterned hard mask layer to define a first plurality of fins in the substrate, the second and third fin fins, wherein the width of the first fin gap width substantially corresponding to the first wall, the second fin width should be substantially of the width of the second spacer, the third fin and a width substantially the width of the third gap should walls.


The effective educational use of information technologies depends crucially on good instructional design based on an adequate understanding of cognitive processes. To teach flexible intellectual performance, such design must ensure that the knowledge acquired by students be explicit, coherent, reliably interpretable, and testable. For example, the ability to use scientific or mathematical concepts requires both explicit general interpretation procedures and knowledge about various special cases. Detailed observations indicate that good scientists have these kinds of knowledge, but that students exhibit many mistakes traceable to knowledge that is fragmented and unin-terpretable. Instructional guidelines, based on such cognitive considerations, were tested in an experiment where students were taught an explicit procedure specifying the concept "acceleration," and then diagnosed and corrected mistakes committed by themselves or others. Such teaching greatly improved students' concept interpretations and blocked previous misconceptions. Computers can provide powerful tools for research on instructional design and for implementing more effective teaching.


Abstract Direct numerical simulations of convective stellar envelopes, are divided between two different physical regimes, that are rather difficult to reconcile — at least with the computational power of present-day computers. This paper outlines an attempt at bridging the gap between surface and interior simulations of convection.


This paper investigates the problem of global stabilization by output feedback for linear time-invariant systems. We give first a procedure to design a robust observer for the linear system. Then using this robust observer with the robust state feedback control law developed by Molander and Willems (1980, "Synthesis of State Feedback Control Laws With a Specified Gain and Phase Margin," IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 25(5), pp. 928–931), we construct an output feedback which yields a closed loop system with robustness characteristics. That is, we establish a separation principle. Finally, we give sufficient conditions to establish a robust output feedback for linear polytopic systems.


This thesis examines the evidence in the Hebrew Bible of the ancient Hebrew lexeme הלג. The aim is to determine how many roots are represented by the spelling ה-ל-ג in the Hebrew Bible. With the help of verbal valency theory, I examine the complementation patterns of הלג. Previous attempts to understand the ancient Hebrew הלג focus on semantics. I challenge this approach and suggest that semantics alone is insufficient for understanding הלג (Chapter 1). Thus, I incorporate the clausal syntax of הלג with attention to הלג's appearance in the different binyanim and the different complement patterns that accompany הלג's different meanings (Chapter 2). These facts suggests that ancient speakers of Hebrew differentiated between two meanings/roots of הלג by keeping them separate in different binyanim and employing different complement patterns for each meaning/root. I briefly examine other Semitic languages, especially Akkadian and Aramaic, and then turn to Lam 4:22; Isa 49:9; Ezek 12:3, among other texts, to illustrate that our exegesis can improve when we know the expected complement patterns of a verb (Chapter 4). The thesis closes with a summary and suggestions for further research (Chapter 5). The meanings associated with הלג remain categorically separated in different binyanim and each root has a set complement pattern that differs from the other homographic root. This evidence illustrates the ancient Hebrew understood הלג as two homographic roots. The method I use in this thesis provides a way to test supposed homographic roots and suggests ways to improve exegesis by understanding each verb's expected complementation patterns. Restoring הלג II from Exile: Discovering the Homonyms Spelled ה-ל-ג by Examining Their Usage in the Hebrew Bible A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Theology Abilene Christian University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Old Testament By Josiah D. Peeler June 2017


e17654 Background: Multiple myeloma and solid tumor metastases can cause bone disease leading to skeletal-related events (SREs) such as bone pain, fractures and spinal cord compression. Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy which is indicated in such cases can lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw and hypocalcemia putting patients at risk for SREs. To decrease these risks, patients require dental evaluation prior to start of bisphosphonate therapy and should be initiated on calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Even with these practice recommendations in place, there is paucity of data on compliance with these recommendations. Our study of veterans with bone metastases or multiple myeloma aimed to 1) Identify those treated with intravenous bisphosphonates. 2) Assess screening dental evaluation prior to treatment. 3) Measure effectiveness of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone health. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center of 118 veterans with multiple my...


In order to alleviate the urban traffic congestion effectively and realize the intelligent traffic guidance,it needs to obtain vehicle's dynamic GPS information real-time.The traditional vehicle GPS information collection system is based on wireless sensor network.Because of the interference in urban's complex electronmagnetic environment,its system performance is not stable and it's difficult to guarantee the real-time and reliablility.This paper puts forward a kind of design which based on UHF RFED technology,it can collect the vehicle GPS information under the environment of urban.This system uses the UHF RFID technology to replace the traditional wireless sensor network,it can collect and process the mobile vehicle's GPS information fastly with non-contact.Fistly,this paper introduces the system's hardware and software design,and then build a simulation environment for the system.At last we do some simulation experiments,the simulation results show that the system performance is good and can satisfy the practical requirements.


The biological effect of cytokines is mainly determined by the cytokine-receptor interaction, which is modulated by the concentration and the activity of cytokines and/or their receptors. Because αv-containing integrins can bind to and/or activate latent TGF-β, these integrins have been thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders. Our recent observations that αvβ5 is up-regulated in scleroderma fibroblasts and that the transient overexpression of αvβ5 increases the human α2(I) collagen gene expression in normal fibroblasts suggest the involvement of αvβ5 in the self-activation system in scleroderma fibroblasts. In this study, we established stable transfectants with αvβ5 using normal dermal fibroblasts and demonstrated that such cells differentiated into myofibroblasts by the stimulation of autocrine TGF-β. This observation is explained by 1) αvβ5 recruiting latent TGF-β1 on the cell surface, 2) endogenous active TGF-β localizing on the cell surface, and 3) αvβ5 interacting with TGF-β receptors. Furthermore, blockade of αvβ5 reversed the myofibroblastic phenotype in scleroderma fibroblasts. These data identify a novel mechanism for the establishment of autocrine TGF-β signaling in dermal fibroblasts by the up-regulation of αvβ5 and suggest the possibility of regulating fibrotic disorders, especially scleroderma, by targeting this integrin.


One of the main problem in higher education teaching is low students' levels of engagement leading to poor learning performance. Broad teaching strategies, methods and tools are developed over the years to address this concern. In recent years, with the increasing numbers of students accessing the internet using mobile devices, there has been growing interest in embracing the mobile technology in teaching to improve the student participation in the classroom. This research describes the design and implementation of a mobile-based interactive teaching model with in-class and off-class components aided by Socrative online audience response system to improve students' engagement in a private university in Malaysia. A total of 45 students from undergraduate computing course had participated in this experimental study. The activities such as polls, exercises, quizzes and games was used to stimulate the discussion and encourage two ways communication between instructor and students. Both qualitative and quantitative data comprises of students' feedbacks, academic results, attendance records and instructor's teaching evaluation scores are analyzed. The results show that students were strongly positive with the use of Socrative and felt that they were more engaged. This interactive model has successfully enhanced students' learning experience and improved students' academic performance. The outcome of this study would contributes to current evidence of the efficacy of using mobile technology in higher education teaching.


The present research contends that the classical design used in the investigation of analogical problem- solving undermines young children's abilities. The base analog is usually introduced as a story and the probability of extraction of the relational structure is then very low. The first experiment reveals that when the source is introduced as a guided problem- solving activity, most 5- to 6-years-old children do show analogical transfer. Experiment 2 enables us to better understand the role of perceptual similarity between base and target by highlighting the critical role of the conditions of the source encoding ( problem- solving vs enacted story vs read story) in the probability of analogical transfer.


This paper aims at verifying if territorial dimension is an important element for the economic success of a state and, if so, why and through which channels. The work proceeds to a careful assessment of the factors that can influence the economy of small states, in particular insularity, being landlocked, an offshore financial centre or a tax haven. With respect to the analysis of Easterly and Kraay (2000), controlling for financial specialisation there is no evidence that small states have higher productivity levels. Furthermore, financial openness may reveal to be a decisive factor for the economic success of small states.


To measure the editorial advocacy of influential newspapers concerning the membership of the Supreme Court, a study analyzed editorials from such newspapers concerning the last five Supreme Court nominees of President Ronald Reagan (William Rehnquist, Antonin Scalia, Robert Bork, Douglas Ginsburg, and Anthony Kennedy). A telephone survey of 100 editorial page editors (out of a possible 130) of influential newspapers was conducted using a seven-item questionnaire. (From one to three newspapers from each of the 50 states were selected.) The newspapers' editorial responses to the five nominees were correlated with variables regarding the social and political environment in the newspapers' circulation areas, such as median household income, minority population, party and conservatism of the local congressmen, and local senators' votes on the Rehnquist and Bork nominations. The number of papers that editorialized about the nominees was quite high--between 76% and 97%, depending on the nominee. However, findings indicated that for the most part, the positions advocated by editorial writers were not related to newspaper or community characteristics or to state or political factors. (Two tables of data are included and 21 footnotes are attached. An appendix listing the newspapers surveyed concludes the paper.) (SR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


A set of design for manufacturing (DFM) techniques have been developed and applied to 45nm, 32nm and 28nm logic process technologies. A noble technology combined a number of potential confliction of DFM techniques into a comprehensive solution. These techniques work in three phases for design optimization and one phase for silicon diagnostics. In the DFM prevention phase, foundation IP such as standard cells, IO, and memory and P&R tech file are optimized. In the DFM solution phase, which happens during ECO step, auto fixing of process weak patterns and advanced RC extraction are performed. In the DFM polishing phase, post-layout tuning is done to improve manufacturability. DFM analysis enables prioritization of random and systematic failures. The DFM technique presented in this paper has been silicon-proven with three successful tape-outs in Samsung 32nm processes; about 5% improvement in yield was achieved without any notable side effects. Visual inspection of silicon also confirmed the positive effect of the DFM techniques.


Nine years of research with hundreds of managers in various types of organizations provided the basis for this text which is designed to aid managers and students, not with business writing skills, but with actual face-to-face communication as it relates to management functions. Each chapter contains examples and actual case histories, and throughout, the book self-assessment forms are provided to evaluate personal skills and areas for improvement. Originally published by Harper & Row in 1979.


Dr. Angela M.S. Nelson, Advisor Liberation from oppression, racism, and poverty is a long-awaited dream for many African Americans. The "liberating" dream for most African Americans in times past was achieved through a spiritual commitment to God and communal support from fellow believers within a given church body. How does one achieve liberation today? Is it through Christian theology? Is it through artistic musical expression? Or is through both? On the other hand, is it achieved through religious ideology packaged as political expository preaching? Black Christian rappers are the latest in a far-reaching procession of African Americans to participate in a "redeemer exercise" dedicated to the safeguarding of ethnicgender hierarchies. Similar to the social and psychological messages for slaves that were revealed in the old Negro Spirituals during the nineteenthand twentieth-century, Christian rappers and Black liberation theologians, use a personified –social form of politics to convey meaning and substance to challenge racial intimidation in America. Moreover, these spiritual activists focus on liberation from social, political, economic, and religious oppression that has kept African Americans in bondage for many years. This study argues that Christian rappers interpret the effects of postmodern and post-civil rights social, economic, and political transformations in a similar mode to the messages declared from the pulpit by Black liberation theologians. However, these


The lone high-elevation species of Ternstroemia that occurs in central Mexico has gone for many years under the name Ternstroemia pnringlei (Rose) Standley. The much older name Ternstroemia lineata de Candolle, based on a painting of a plant from the same general area, has mostly been overlooked or considered to be unidentifiable. This article provides typification for the relevant taxa, synonymy, and documentation for the identity of T lineata.


The rotor system is an important device in the large motor and its vibration characteristic directly affect the performance of the motor.To obtain the vibration characteristics of the rotor,the finite element analysis software ANSYS was applied to get the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the rotor based on the dynamic theory.The first twenty natural frequencies and critical speeds were calculated by modal analysis;also,the main factors which affect the vibration characteristics of the rotor were found out.The conclusions can give basis for the design of the rotor's desirable working speeds and enhance the rotor's vibration characteristics.


After China's entering into WTO,the internationalization of the futures market may be considered a general trend.In front of the opportunity and challenge,we should actively look for the countermeasures of development.The commodity futures market in the mainland has already assumed an initial scale,and the financial futures market in Taiwan has gradually matured.Economic intercourses and cultural fusions lay foundation for the cross-straits cooperation.This cooperation is provided with the win-win condition,and it's the common need of both sides.The cooperation of futures market can introduce SPAN to establish computerized cooperation platform.


This study is based on the investigations of structures in Gum-nam road located in Gwangju. We looked around the way their colors organize and the present condition, and quantitative analyzed the image and preference of them by psychological experiment which enabled us understand their mutual relation. The objective of this study is to empirically examine quantified basic data that can induce colors from the view of stable harmony and unity with surroundings when color-planning of structures' external wall on street from now on. The result indicated that there were three sections which showed color difference below 20 in the street of laboratory work object and that 3 other sections which exceeded 20 of color difference among those that have high preference average showed low preference. The other two sections made a color difference by 25, which is more than 20, but it could be accepted as a range of validity color difference to some degree, considering its high preference rate. This study is about specific street, so it is necessary to color induction to structures in order to make desirable streetscape. For this, it is also necessary to study color-planning method of street that can control color difference within a regular range by adjusting chroma and value although the color is a bit crossed at certain point. With this study, we can consider the relation between colors and surroundings deciding to choose the color of the structure.


ABSTRACT This study took place in the University of West Attica, Department of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Greece, founded in 2018, which focuses on the learning, development and education of children under four years of age. Greece has a split early childhood education system, and there is minimal attention given to infant and toddler research. This study explored students' views before and after their final practicum through two online questionnaires to identify the effectiveness of the undergraduate programme of studies in preparing ECEC educators for their professional roles. The study also interviewed in-service educators in their first year of employment and graduates who have completed their practicum in a foreign country under the Erasmus+ programme. Findings revealed an overall satisfaction with the existing programme and the effectiveness of the final practicum. Students who completed an Erasmus+ practicum were particularly positive about their experience and the knowledge they acquired, and they encouraged more students to apply for the Erasmus+ mobility scheme. All participants provided useful insights and suggestions for further improving the programme, such as extending the placement and practicum. Implications for ECEC educators' education are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.


The invention relates to the determination of the road condition, with a wheel (2, 3), an input coupled to the wheel actuator (5, 6), preferably a steering device for steering at least one wheel of a vehicle (1), in particular motor vehicle. The wheel (2, 3) preferably has a tire, which is made particularly from a rubber-like material, such that upon contact of the at least one wheel / tire with the road surface (10) of the road condition because of the need for steering force (F


A travel article about a journey to Reykholt in Western Iceland, once the farm of saga author Snorri Sturluson.

A TRIP back into snowbound Iceland's past in search of a famed warrior-poet throws up some old memories and fresh revelations for Kari Gislason

"The fish must sing." An odd idea, I know - one uttered by a merchant in a novel by Halldor Laxness. But it said no more than what every Icelander since the settlement had known. If you were going to live on the edge of the world, it paid to do something to remind the rest of the world you were still here...


Congenital heart disease(CHD) is a class of cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal development of cardiovascular system, developmental disorders, or degenerative tissue which should be degenerated after birth during embryonic development, and tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most serious types of CHD, including ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta (OA), pulmonic stenosis (PS) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Up to now, a series of clinical evidence shows that genetic factors have been involved in the occurrence of TOF, and some gene mutations are associated with the occurrence of TOF, of which NKX2-5, GATA4, TBX5 and TBX20 have been confirmed to be highly correlated with TOF.Based on the existing research results, this paper expounds the relationship between etiology and pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot and the mutations of NKX2-5, GATA4, TBX5 and TBX20.

Key words:
Congenital heart disease; tetralogy of Fallot; Susceptibility gene


There is provided a novel input / output device, which is very convenient or reliable. There is provided a method for operating an input / output device. The present inventors have designed a structure which comprises the following elements: which is supplied with a selection signal, a control signal, a display signal with the display data and a detection signal, and may supply a potential that is based on the detection signal input / output circuit, a converter circuit which can carry out detection data based on the detection signal, a detection element which can supply the detection signal, and a display element, which is supplied with a current.


This research is supported by the EPSRC grant 'Working Together: Constraint Programming and Cloud Computing' (EP/K015745/1), a Royal Society Industry Fellowship, an Impact Acceleration Account Grant (IAA) and an Amazon Web Services (AWS) Education Research Grant.


The dominance within the EFL world of the Jones transcription system (DJ), as in the EPD (Jones, 1967), has been seriously challenged by the adoption of the new Windsor Lewis system (WL) in the Concise Pronouncing Dictionary (Lewis, 1972a) and the new edition of the ALD (Hornby, 1974). This issue (recently discussed in, e.g., Lewis, 1972b, and Walsh, 1974) is likely to remain a lively one at least until the appearance of the simplified Gimson system in the next edition of the EPD ; meanwhile there are other systems that have some claim to use in EFL teaching, e.g. those in Gimson (1970) (G), Abercrombie (1964), and the Edinburgh Course in Applied Linguistics (Allen and Corder, 1974/1975).


Globally CO2 emissions attributable to Information Technology are on par with those resulting from aviation. Recent growth in cloud service demand has elevated energy efficiency of data centers to a critical area within green computing. Cloud computing represents a backbone of IT services and recently there has been an increase in high-definition multimedia delivery, which has placed new burdens on energy resources. Hardware innovations together with energy-efficient techniques and algorithms are key to controlling power usage in an ever-expanding IT landscape. This special issue contains a number of contributions that show that data center energy efficiency should be addressed from diverse vantage points.


Trichinelliasis is an important zoonosis caused by Trichinella spiralis.Its excretory-secretory(ES) antigens play an important role in immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis.The effective ingredient and its diagnostic value of the ES antigen were reviewed in this paper.It suggested that the recombinat ES antigens and the synthetic peptide antigens will be useful in the future.


This research aims at developing an instrument for measuring views on Muhammadiyah ideology that is valid and reliable. This study adapted Borg and Gall's development model through initial research, planning, initial product development, limited testing, product revision, expanded testing, and product revision. The steps started with initial research to obtain the ideology construct of books related to Muhammadiyah. The ideology construct obtained was used as the basis to arrange instrument items which were then validated by five experts in the fields of measurement, Muhammadiyah ideology, practitioners, and Muhammadiyah cadres by filling the sheet of variable appropriateness with indicators and indicators appropriateness with the statements. The results of the experts' validation were analyzed with the Aiken formula. The validated instrument was then tested limitedly in the Muhammadiyah regional leadership in Karanganyar, Sragen, and Boyolali, by involving 253 respondents. The result of the test was analyzed using factor analysis and SEM using the Lisrel program. The result of the research shows that the instrument for measuring the views on Muhammadiyah ideology consists of 26 items comprised of seven aspects of Muhammadiyah ideology measurement, including tauhid (two items), living in a social group (three items), Allah's law (three items), Islamic doctrine (five items), the prophet's ittiba' (four items), organization (three items), and Muhammadiyah goals (six items). The instrument fulfills the validity criteria since it has a loading factor between 0.3-0.85(0.3) and CR 0.92 (0.7). The instrument is reliable since Cronbach's Alpha is 0.8690.7. Since it is valid and reliable, then it is suitable to be used to measure the views on Muhammadiyah ideology in Indonesia.


By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface contact angle, surface potential and blood compatibility, the relationship between the composition and property of the surface and the blood compatibility of poly (ether-ester) multiblock copolymer and its blend has been studied. Experimental results indicated that the blood compatibility was very bad and bore no relation to the enrichment of PTMO soft segment in the surface phase for hydrophobic PET-PTMO multiblock copolymers. In the mixture of hydrophobic PET-PTMO and hydrophilic PET-PEO, an optimum blended proportion was found. The platelet adhering to the material surface conside-rably decreased at the optimum.and surface potential couldbe better correlated with the blood compatibility in the blends. The above results showed clearly that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic balance, the distribution of the soft segment in the depth and potential of the material surfaces were important factors affecting blood compatibility.


We have developed a prototype of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) readout system for the next generation VHE gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Several thousand PMTs along with their readout systems are arranged on the focal plane of each telescope, with one readout system per 7-PMT cluster. The signal from a PMT detecting Cherenkov light from an air shower is amplified, and the waveform is then digitized at a sampling rate of the order of GHz using an analog memory ASIC developed at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), called the Domino Ring Sampler (DRS4). The sampler has 1,024 capacitors per channel and the ability to cascade channels for increased depth. After a trigger is generated in the system, the charges stored in the capacitors are digitized by an external slow sampling ADC and then transmitted via Gigabit Ethernet. An onboard FPGA controls the DRS4, trigger threshold, and Ethernet transfer. In addition, the control and monitoring of the Cockcroft–Walton circuit that provides high voltage for the 7-PMT cluster are done by the same FPGA. Using a prototype named Dragon we successfully obtained a pulse shape of a PMT signal at a sampling rate of 2 GS/s and a single photoelectron spectrum.


: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become a popular modulation method in high speed wireless communications. By partitioning a wideband fading channel into flat narrowband channels, OFDM is able to mitigate the detrimental effects of multi path fading using a simple one- tap equalizer. In this thesis, we enhance the system throughput of a working OFDM system by adding turbo coding. The smart use of coding and power allocation in OFDM will be useful to the desired performance at higher data rates. Error control codes have become a vital part of modern digital wireless systems, enabling reliable transmission to be achieved over noisy channels.


Abstract Droplet laden jet plays important roles in cutting-edge technologies including spray cooling, aerosol jet printing, pollution control, and cascade impactors. In this work, a numerical simulation scheme for jet flow is proposed. The turbulence is calculated based on the -f model and the droplets are described by the discrete phase model. The droplet-droplet collisions are calculated by a mesh-independent collision model. The results are compared with an experiment in which concentric dual-ring deposition patterns were observed on the impinging plate. The effects of the droplet volume fraction are investigated. Criteria for the necessity of two-way coupling as well as coalescence calculation are provided. This work provides a practical tool for aerosol impinging research and design. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research


A fourfold rise in neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated for 45% of infants 1 through 6 months of age compared to 63% of older children or adults from whom an adenovirus or an enterovirus was recovered. This difference appeared to be related to severity of illness rather than to age, as there was no significant difference between young infants and older patients when only clinically severe illnesses were analyzed. The isolation of virus from more than one specimen increased the probability of a significant response in either age group.
 Infants with minor symptoms had a low frequency of significant fourfold antibody responses after virus isolation, but this was not significantly different from older children with minor symptoms. Failure to develop an increase in antibody titer could not be related to the presence of maternal antibodies.


In order to increase the area of sugarcane production, planting techniques should ensure uniform crop emergence and control of weeds at reasonable cost. Experiments using single- bud setts have been conducted in several countries (Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Egypt). In this poster, we present the advantages of planting germinated single-bud setts grown in pots into a cover crop with the aim of reducing soil tillage and herbicide usage in an agro- ecological approach to sugarcane production. Two trials were carried out to assess the effectiveness of germinated single-bud setts compared with traditional planting of three-bud setts. This included i) the quantity of planting material, yield and components thereof, and ii) the use of herbicide. In the first trial, the weights and number of tillers per plant were measured at 11 months after planting. In the second trial, germinated single-bud setts were planted into plant cover originating from a succession of a planted mixture of Crotaleria juncea and Mucuna, and Avena sativa. Tillering, stalk elongation and yields (plant and ratoon) were compared with those of traditionally planted cane in single rows. Time and herbicide inputs were quantified. In the first trial, both yields and number of nodes per stalk were similar for the germinated single-bud setts and the traditionally planted cane, but the number of stalks was significantly higher (8%) for the germinated single-bud setts. The average multiplication rate of the single- bud setts was 1:99 at 11 months. In the second trial, the number of tillers was again 8 % higher for the single-bud setts. There was no significant differences in stalk elongation and yields. In ratoon cane, no significant differences were observed. From an economic point of view, a saving of more than 80% of buds was achieved at planting. However, the increased labor requirement generated additional costs. Planting germinated single-bud setts into mulch resulted in reduced herbicide applications and erosion risks. Our study highlighted planting of germinated single-bud setts (in pots) into mulch as a reliable and affordable technique. In terms of the planting operation and yields, it is comparable with conventional planting techniques and can reduce soil tillage and the use of herbicides. Theoretically this technique reduces the risk of erosion while favoring water retention and increased functional biodiversity. It gives the advantage of complete and homogeneous emergence, as well as the possibility of bringing complementary nutrients in the pot near to the roots. Nevertheless, for Reunion Island conditions, progress still needs to be made in terms of acclimatization and mechanical transplantation of young plants.


Gamification has gained a growing interest in the tourism literature and it has pervaded many applications in the tourism industry including museums. The main purpose of this research is to use the concept of gamification as a tool to enhance visitors' attraction. This research paper examines the concepts of heritage and gamification first and then, highlights the role of gamification and museums in preserving and educating the cultural heritage. In order to create a gamified learning experience of the cultural heritage, this paper attempt to develop a scenario of a puzzle game for the Eti Archaeological Museum (EAM) using scenario analysis as a qualitative methodology. For this purpose, the required information was collected by visits held in the museum. Furthermore, to facilitate the creation of the story of the respective game the scenario was developed in a strategic and systematic way. Finally, we propose a novel way to enhance the visitors' experience, potential visitors' attraction and their learning experience by suggesting the application of the puzzle game in the EAM through the context of the developed scenario. In addition to this, suggestions are given for further studies.


General comments The paper continues the series of efforts to estimate the annual maximum flow discharge distribution analytically this time exploiting the theoretically derived distribution model of floods TCIF (Gioia et al., 2008), which is based on two different threshold mechanisms associated respectively to ordinary and extraordinary events. The focus of the paper is the sensitivity analysis of TCIF probability density function (pdf) performed in order to analyze the effects of climatic and geomorphologic parameters on the skewness coefficient. In particular, the analysis was conducted investigating the influence on skewness of TCIF of physical factors such as rainfall intensity, soil infiltration capacity, and basin area, in order to provide insights in catchment classification and process conceptualization.


Possible manifestation of the family non-universal Z (cid:3) boson effects in lepton polarization in rare, exclusive baryonic Λ b → Λ(cid:3) + (cid:3) − decay is examined. It is observed that the double lepton polarizations P NN , P TT and P TN are sensitive to the Z (cid:3) contribution. Moreover, it is found that the values of the polarized forward–backward asymmetry A LLFB are different in Standard Model (SM) and family non-universal Z (cid:3) model in different regions of q 2 , and therefore can serve as an efficient tool for establishing new physics beyond the SM.


Coal enterprises have been influenced by planned economy for a long period of time.The list system of labor expense is not perfect.The limitary boundary is not clear.What's more,there are too many random channels.All of the above factors bring a lot of difficulties and impact to wage distribution and wage management.Through the analysis of existing problems in management of labor cost in coal enterprises,this thesis puts forward the strategy on how to set up a control system of labor cost and strengthen labor cost control.The author also actively explores the effective approach to control labor cost in order to realize the two goals of profit and employee income.


The process and characteristics of 370 kt/a PVC production facility imported from American Occidental Petroleum Corporation by the Chlor-Alkali Plant of Qilu Inc.,SINOPEC were introduced.According to the problems that occurred after the facility put into operation,the corresponding solutions were proposed:(1)optimizing parameters to control the polymerization temperature at the set temperature±1 ℃;(2)while discharging,the time for flushing the reflux condenser which was located at the top of polymerizer was set for 240 s;(3)according to the material in polymerizer,four steps of flushing methods were adopted;(4)the amount of material in the discharging tank which was recycled initially was set according to the level of discharging tank;(5)the using amount of antifouling agents fed into the bottom of reflux condenser,polymerizer and the top of reflux condenser were changed to 1.5,10.0 and 2.5 kg respectively,time for cooling the wall of polymerizer after being sprayed with antifouling agents was changed to 180 s,and while spraying antifouling agents,the agitator of polymerizer was stopped running for 8 minutes.


In this issue of Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, Peleg and Savitsky present the results of a 5-year retrospective analysis comparing injuries from terrorist acts to those from road traffic accidents as recorded in the Israel Trauma Registry (ITR). Their findings, both in this study and in previous work,1,2 highlight 1 simple fact: casualties of terrorist attacks are more seriously injured than victims of everyday trauma. Their data demonstrate a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS), a lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), an increase in intensive care unit utilization, a higher inpatient mortality, and a longer rehabilitation period among those injured in incidents of terrorism. The authors analyzed injury data from all acts of terrorism as a single group. With regard to mechanisms reported in the ITR, explosions and bombings represented the majority of the terrorist events, with most of the remainder consisting of gunfire.


High porosity and permeability characters of reservoirs in Muglad basin of central Africa was researched from the point of view of lithology, geochemistry, reservoir geology, tectonics, and so on. The geological mechanism of high quality reservoir in Muglad basin is due to its particularsedimentary-tectonic background--passive rift. The high matured sandstone of far-forth masssource was deposited in the basin during every steady depression period of passive rifting, which, together with the geological environment of fresh diagenesis water and the lower geothermal degree, resulting in a regional high quality reservoir in Muglad basin with the characters of high porosity, high permeability, high quartz ratio and weak cementation.


Rhamnus frangula (synonym Frangula alnus) is a tall deciduous shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. It is native to Europe, northernmost Africa, and western Asia, from Ireland and Great Britain north to 68°N in Scandinavia, east to central Siberia and Xinjiang in western China, and south to northern Morocco, Turkey, and the Alborz and Caucasus Mountains; in the northwest of its range, it is rare and scattered and the studies show relationship between Frangula Alnus and proliferation of stem cells. The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of Frangula Alnus miller extract on HEK Cells in Cell culture. In this laboratory experimental study, HEK cells were exposed to 10,1,0.1,0.01 mg/ml Frangula Alnus in cell culture. After 48 hours, the viability of HEK cells was examined using MTT assay. The data was analyzed using ANOVA. Our findings show that viability of HEK cells decreased significantly when exposed to 10 m/ml of Frangula Alnus. Other doses of Frangula Alnus resulted in increased viability.


ARGUABLY, most clinicians who use opioids spinally believe that these drugs can spread rostrally in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to reach supraspinal sites. Therefore, many may be tempted to dismiss the work by Angst et al' in this month's ANESTHESIOLOGY as an unnecessary study with a predictable result. However, to do so would be inappropriate. The history of clinical medicine is embarrassingly full of "obvious truths'' that were subsequently shown to be false when appropriately examined. Angst et al. ' use a double-blind, randomized, crossover study design, coupled with segmental analgesia measurements for 24 h to investigate rostral spread of epidurally administered morphine. This powerful study design is a significant improvement over previous studies that sought to investigate rostral spread of spinally administered m~rphine ."~ As such, this study provides the strongest evidence to date that epidurally administered morphine does spread rostrally in CSF to reach brain stem levels. A further improvement over previous studies is the measurement of morphine plasma concentrations throughout the study period. The demonstration that morphine plasma concentrations bear no relation to the segmental analgesia produced by epidurally administered morphine is a clear indication of morphine's spinal site of action. Demonstration of a spinal site of action is an underappreciated but essential component of any study investigating epidurally administered opioids. Demonstrating a spinal site of action is critical because any opioid placed in the epidural space in sufficient quantity will produce analgesia, if for no other reason than that the drug will eventually reach the plasma and


Construction of a laboratory scale cold plasma reac tor and its discharge properties were described in the paper. The reactor, operating under atmosphe ric pressure and using back discharges, was constructed in plane-parallel geometry. The applied , perforated dielectric layer covering the lowfield electrode, enabled development of back corona discharges. It was shown that application of the back corona phenomenon allows reaching much hig her efficiency of the reactor in comparison to the reactors with corona discharges only. Applic ab lity of the reactor for the decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds was tested on the exampl e of toluene vapours in the air. Results of spectroscopic measurements (mass spectrometer QMS 2 00) pointed out that the conversion efficiency was strongly dependent on the electrode polarisation conditions and the content of toluene in the air.


Introduction: Although early diagnosis of hearing loss has an impact on individuals and their families, it results in rapid intervention and enhanced quality of life. For this reason, diagnostic techniques should be perfected to provide a more accurate prognosis. Objective: Develop a steady-state technique for recording the cochlear microphonic. Methods: A total of 26 participants with puretone auditory thresholds up to 25 dBNA were analyzed. The stimulus was generated by the MASTER system coupled to the audiometer, using insert earphones, with subjects inside an audiometric sound booth. Electrodes were positioned as follows: ground on the right clavicle, electrode G2 (reference) on the contralateral lobe and G1 (active) in the external acoustic meatus. In the first experiment we used tones of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, modulated at 95 Hz and presented jointly to the left ear at intensities of 60, 70 and 80 dBNPS. In the second experiment, tones of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, modulated at 95 Hz, were presented separately to the left ear at an intensity of 80 dBNPS. For the third experiment tones of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz were modulated at frequencies of 95 Hz, 130, 160, 190 and 220 Hz and presented jointly to the left ear at an intensity of 80 dBNPS. In all experiments recordings were obtained with and without masking and at least one using clip-on earphones for each participant. Results: In the first experiment response amplitudes were higher without masking and grew with an increase in stimulus intensity (F(2,10)=11.686, p=0.002). In the second experiment the response amplitude was greater than the combined stimulus (F(4,4)= 7.284, p=0.0002). The third experiment exhibited significantly higher amplitudes for stimuli modulated at 95, 130 and 160 Hz. Conclusion: The steady-state microphonic can be recorded at intensities between 60 and 80 dB NPS. The ideal carrier frequencies for recording are 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, combined, and the ideal modulated frequency is 95 Hz.


Formation of a new class of layered, microcrystalline polymers from a simple hydrolytic polycondensation of n-alkyltrichlorosilanes in water is demonstrated. The structure of the polymeric condensate, determined from a combination of spectroscopic, diffraction, and thermal analysis techniques, consists of highly uniform, pillared microcrystallites in which the inorganic siloxy backbones are present in periodic layers, each containing a monomolecular layer of intercalated water, separated by crystalline assemblies of alkyl chains. The alkyl-chain organization shows a remarkable resemblance to that in highly organized, self-assembled monolayers formed from the precursor silane molecules on hydrophilic substrates and this parallel lends support to the critical importance of water in monolayer self-assembly of silanes.


We consider the problem of planning the production steps of several parts through a manufacturing system with both process and routing flexibilities. The problem is formulated as a network flow-based linear programming model which seeks to minimise the total material handling, production, and outsourcing costs subject to satisfying all the part demands and not exceeding any of the machine capacity limits. We develop a price-directed decomposition-based approach that exploits the special structure of the model in order to solve it. An extensive computation experiment is carried out in order to gain some insights into the impacts of flexibility in the manufacturing system on the optimal decision and cost, and to test the efficiency of the procedure in handling large scale problems.


Funding information National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 61773089 Abstract This paper investigates the sampled-data control of impulsive switched systems with asynchronous switching. The impulses are not required to synchronise the switching. Since it is possible that switches may occur in sampling intervals, the mismatched problem may happen between controllers and system modes. Aiming for this, a functional consisting of multiple impulse-dependent Lyapunov functions and looped functionals is constructed, which does not increase at impulsive times. By using ADT method, some sufficient conditions for exponential stability are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, sampled-data controllers are presented to stabilise the impulsive switched systems. The efficiency of the proposed results is verified by an F-18 aircraft.


The pozzolana activity is the main property of the active additions but, in order to select them, we have to consider - between other factors- its mineralogical composition with a great influence, not only in the active component, but also in other cement properties.
In the present work we have studied 4 different Cuban natural pozzolanes, characterized with the help of X ray diffraction and with thermic and chemical analysis. The pozzolanic activity was also evaluated through a chemical and physicomechanic method. Some cements were prepared with different contents of each one of the pozzolanics, and analysed their physicomechanic and chemical properties.
Finally, we found that the pozzolanics mineralogical composition has a great influence in the pozzolanic activity and in the properties of mixed cements. Also we found that it 5 possible to obtain the best resistances in the time and the smaller needs of water when the vitreous phase prevail in the additions.


Taking JingChang Graphite Mine as research object,ground surface model of ore body,ore body model and block model of were established,reserve and grade of the ore body were also estimated. Based on the practical application of the exploitation design of transition from open pit to underground mine in detail,the technical superiority and the application prospect of the software are demonstrated.


This article explores the concept of sexual fluidity and its applicability to men's sexual experiences by approaching the surveillance and control of hegemonic masculinity. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 15 participants aged between 20 and 53 who state having experienced sexual fluidity. The analysis conveys how sexuality is a work in progress while highlighting the intersections of masculinities and sexualities in a heteronormative, mononormative, sexually rigid, and hegemonically masculine social context. The results indicate the potential flexibility, malleability, and changeability of all sexual identities, orientations, and experiences when disengaging from a heteronormative approach in sexual relations.


Discussion Lamellar onychoschizia is one of two types of nail brittleness characterized by lamellar exfoliation in the distal portion of the nail plate. Triangular pieces may easily be detached from the free margin. Nail flexibility is mainly determined by the water content in the nail plate, which is normally 18%. When the water content is reduced to < 16%, the nails tend to be brittle. Occupational contact with solvents and solutions can lead to progressive dehydration of the nail plate and plays an important role in the development of nail brittleness in shoemakers and carpenters. China, as an original tea producing country, harvests the largest amount of tea for the world tea market. The process of picking tea is still repetitive manual work. The authors' report thumbnail fragility in a tea-picker who pinched the tea leaves off with the right index fingernails every year from March– September. Possibly, lamellar dystrophy is a result of frequent wetting and drying of the right dominant thumbnails during picking the leaves. Moreover, it is speculated that catechine, a biological acid in the tea, could modify the keratin content of the nail plate or break the amino acid chains, causing brittleness of the thumbnail. Causes related to other skin disease, systemic disease or drugs were easily excluded from this case.


Four major theoretical perspectives on emotion in psychology are described. Examples of the ways in which research on emotion and speech utilize aspects of the various perspectives are presented and a plea is made for students of emotion and speech to consider more self-consciously the place of their research within each of the perspectives. 1. ARE THEORIES OF EMOTION NECESSARY? Fifty years ago, B. F. Skinner (Skinner, 1950; Skinner, 1972) asked "Are theories of learning necessary?" Calling theories, especially those that traffic in intervening variables or that appeal "to events taking place somewhere else, at some other level of observation, described in different terms and measured, if at all, in different dimensions" (Skinner, 1972, p. 69) from the phenomena they seek to explain, "fun" but "useless," Skinner argued that theories of learning are ultimately "a refuge from the data" (Skinner, 1972, p. 72) and so should be abandoned by any self-respecting science of behavior. I would like to ask the same question of theories of emotion; namely, "Are theories of emotion necessary?" More specifically, I would like to ask, "Are theories of emotion necessary--and useful--to students of emotion and speech?" Although it is beyond the scope of this paper, I believe it can be shown that Skinner's attack on theory was wrongheaded and that his conviction that a scientific psychology could make do without theories and just "get back to an observable datum" (p. 72) was belied by his own arguments, which are saturated by the kind of theoretical statements to which he objected. Contra Skinner, I will argue that theories of emotion are absolutely essential for students of emotion, no matter what aspect of emotion they study. I will further argue that both contemporary and classic theories of emotion are eminently useful to students of emotion and speech. I know that you all make reference in your work to very specific theories of how emotion gets encoded into speech and the like. I would like to convince you of the centrality and usefulness of the "big" theories of emotion to your research. To get there, I will first describe four of the most influential theoretical perspectives and research traditions in the study of emotion in the past 125 years or so. I will then briefly describe what I see as some of the ways in which the four perspectives have begun to converge. Next, I will attempt to locate some examples of the research presented at this conference within the four perspectives. This will give you a sense, I hope, of the ways in which students of emotion and speech already make use of the "big" theories of emotion, if sometimes only implicitly. Finally, I will outline what students of emotion and speech might gain from an integration of theories from the four perspectives. 2. FOUR THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES When Skinner (Skinner, 1950) talked about theories of learning, he was actually talking about families or kinds of theories. I shall for the most part be doing the same. A survey of contemporary theory and research on emotion in psychology reveals four different general theoretical perspectives about how to define, study, and explain emotion. I have called these the Darwinian, Jamesian, cognitive, and social constructivist perspectives (Cornelius, 1996) . Each of these perspectives has its own set of assumptions about the nature of emotion, about how to construct theories about emotion, and about how to conduct research on emotion. Each perspective is also associated with it own body of empirical research. Because each of the perspectives has its own more or less unique way of thinking about emotions, has endured in time, and has its sometimes passionate cadre of adherents whose research exemplifies "how things are done" within the perspective, it is appropriate to speak about each perspective as embodying its own tradition of research. There are, of course, several areas of overlap among the four perspectives and their associated research traditions, this is especially true of the Darwinian and Jamesian perspectives. However, for the most part, each ultimately presents a quite different account of what emotions are all about. 2.1 The Darwinian Perspective The central organizing idea of the Darwinian perspective is the notion that emotions are evolved phenomena with important survival functions that have been selected for because they have solved certain problems we have faced as a species. As such, we should see the same emotions, more or less, in all humans. In addition, since humans share an evolutionary past with other mammals, we should expect to observe similarities in the emotions of closely-related species. The Darwinian perspective and its associated tradition of research had their beginnings in Darwin's 1872 book The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals. The book, whose origin lay in Darwin's discomfort with earlier attempts to explain emotional expressions in terms of special creation, described in Darwin's typically marvelous attention to detail the facial expressions and bodily movements that accompany several emotions in humans and other animals and presented ISCA Archive


This chapter is just to warm up, although there may still be some material in it which is lesser known, such as the results in Section 1.5 about distances to linear subspaces in terms of Gram determinants which is only rarely included in linear algebra courses. Note that the argument on page 11/12 can be simplified (avoiding cofactors) by writing the last column in the matrix as (〈−y, y1〉, . . . , 〈−y, yn〉) + (0, . . . , 0, d) and writing the determinant as the corresponding sum of only two terms. (Likewise in the final paragraph of the proof of Theorem 9.1). The results in Sections 1.9-1.10 are of course closely related to this Section 1.5. The Szegö polynomials and Legendre polynomials are just the tip of the iceberg: there is a long and well-established tradition of research in orthogonal polynomials. It seems that the proof of Theorem 10.3 can be simplified, since a reference to equality 10.10 (and hence an appeal to these Gram determinants) is not necessary. It is obvious that the orthoplement of Pn−1 in Pn is one-dimensional, and picking any non-zero element pn in this orthoplement will therefore do the job. Although it is innocent, to be entirely correct the weight functions in the examples 1 and 2 in Section 1.10 should be divided by 2π (otherwise one does not get integers in the Toeplitz matrices). The weight function in example 2 on page 23 is then equal to |z − 2|/(2π). The exponents of 2 in the system in equation (10.13) should be replaced with their negatives. The solution is then


Based on the principle of turbulence generation, the turbulent characteristic and parameters of the paper pulp flow inside turbulence generators were investigated. Considering the turbulence intensity and scale as parameters of the cost function, the computer fluid dynamics-based optimal method for the structure design of turbulence generators was proposed and applied in the design of two classical structure types. The numerical method and the conclusion are applicable and useful for the new design of turbulence generators.


Abstract : This project focused on distributed control and information fusion/learning over communication systems. The first set of problems considered were related to distributed adaptive control. Namely, a first such decentralized learning algorithm for multi-armed bandit models was developed that achieved poly-logarithmic regret. Later another algorithm was given that achieve log regret. The second set of problems was related to decentralized control design for LQG systems with asymmetric one-step delayed information sharing between two controllers. The optimal decentralized controller was computed. A case with partial output feedback was also solved. The third problem solved was development of empirical value iteration, a new method for approximate dynamic programming. Convergence of such an algorithm to the optimal policy was established by introducing new notions of probabilistic fixed points of random operators. Numerically, this new class of methods is found to perform better than reinforcement learning methods.


Magnesium oxide was impregnated into biochar (BC) through a simple procedure of one-step pyrolysis, and a hybrid adsorbent MgO-BC was obtained for highly efficient defluoridation from water. The nanoporous BC as the carrier enhanced fluoride adsorption by the loaded MgO. The fluoride adsorption by MgO-BC is pH-dependent and approaches equilibrium within 400 min. MgO-BC exhibits great sorption preference for the target fluoride in the presence of high levels competing anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and carbonate). The maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride onto MgO-BC was predicted to be 83.05 mg/g, which is higher than that of other adsorbents, including commercial activated alumina and magnesia-based composites with natural carriers. In addition, the MgO-BC can be successfully applied in a fixed-bed column adsorption system for the treatment of simulated fluoride-polluted groundwater, yielding a ∼250 BV effluent of fluoride concentration less than 1.5 mg L–1. Such satisfactory fluoride adsorption p...


China's One Belt, One Road economic initiative is an important global process, believed by many scholars to have the potential to reshape the power relations between great powers. American political scientist joseph Nye has recognized the two-sided nature of the Chinese initiative and pointed out that it has the over-tones of both, soft and hard power. Proceeding from Nye's observation, this paper presents an overview of his latest work on these issues. The main assumption is that the concepts of soft and hard power, as well as the strategy of smart power, can help shed light on the One Belt, One Road Initiative and the totality of the relations between the United States and China from a new perspective and unlock greater potential for understanding their relationship.


The anomaly detection in photovoltaic (PV) cell electroluminescence (EL) image is of great significance for the vision-based fault diagnosis. Many researchers are committed to solving this problem, but a large-scale open-world dataset is required to validate their novel ideas. We build a PV EL Anomaly Detection (PVEL-AD1, 2, 3) dataset for polycrystalline solar cell, which contains 36 543 near-infrared images with various internal defects and heterogeneous background. This dataset contains anomaly free images and anomalous images with ten different categories. Moreover, 37 380 ground truth bounding boxes are provided for eight types of defects. We also carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-the-art object detection methods based on deep learning. The evaluation results on this dataset provide the initial benchmark, which is convenient for follow-up researchers to conduct experimental comparisons. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public dataset for PV solar cell anomaly detection that provides box-wise ground truth. Furthermore, this dataset can also be used for the evaluation of many computer vision tasks such as few-shot detection, one-class classification, and anomaly generation.


Abstract The use of Mid-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of food products has only recently developped with the advent of Fourier Transformed spectroscopy and other techniques like Attenuated Total Reflectance, diffused reflection combined to the use of powerful micro-computers. We have recently reported to use a combination of multidimensional statistical analysis and Mid-FTIR spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of sugars in a biological sample. In this paper we have evaluated the use of such a method for the quantitative measurement of α-amino groups from ammo-acids, peptides and proteins. The spectral region where the characteristic absorption bands of such groups are located, ranges between 1200 cm-1 and 1900 cm-1. Water features a major absorption band in this region (1500–1700 cm-1). This superimpose with amide I and II bands. The standard deviation for each and every wavelength, calculated for all the spectra of the calibration set, show the existence of two absorption bands in th...


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This paper presents a design of microstrip directional coupler without the prior knowledge of the physical geometry. The design method requires only the information of the port impedances, coupling and operational frequency. The results are verified through simulation.


Measurement results of the signals emanating from both IF and LO ports of a double balanced mixer are presented, and, thus, it is shown that the linearization of the output in a down-converting mixer by the summation of the IF signal and the signal emanating from the LO or RF port is feasible. Feedforward-based architectures for the linearization of down-conversion mixers are introduced that exploit this phenomenon, and linearity performance results of the frequency translation of both two-tone and TETRA-modulated signals are presented. This technique employs only a single mixer and hence overcomes the complexity of other mixer linearization schemes. The overall processing gain of the system is limited by the level of wanted signal present in the error signal.


Length: 215 Word Count: 3,777 (excluding tables, figures and references). Number of Tables: 5 Number of References: 60 (including results from systematic search) HSBH5006: Research Elective Dissertation Hannah Nunn SID: 450 382 309 35 ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this critical review was to determine what assessment instruments are potentially available for identifying cancer related cognitive changes (CRCC) in women with breast cancer. It sought to determine valuable psychometric properties to be considered when approaching assessment tools for clinical use in this population. Methods: A replication of a scoping review (originally conducted in February 2013) was performed in order to identify potential instruments. Searches were completed in eight databases to: (a) identify any new literature from 2013 to 2016, (b) identify instruments that may have clinical utility for the use of practitioners and (c) extract evidence for psychometric properties of the identified measures. Critical analysis of both the studies and the instruments identified within the studies were undertaken in order to assess quality of research. Results: Twenty-two studies were identified, with a total of nineteen assessment instruments potentially available for use with the breast cancer population. Four instruments were identified as having the strongest psychometric properties and potential availability for current clinical utility. Conclusions: Results indicate a lack of consideration for psychometric properties when selecting an instrument for the assessment of CRCC in research studies. These results indicate that clinician's ability to identify issues relating to CRCC in a standardised way is impacted. Thus, impeding the development of evidence-based care plans for individuals recovering from breast cancer. HSBH5006: Research Elective Dissertation Hannah Nunn SID: 450 382 309 36 The invisible malady: a critical review of the quality of instruments to measure cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC) in women with breast cancer


The National Center for Atmospheric Research thermospheric general circulation model (TGCM) for the Earth's thermosphere has been modified to examine the three-dimensional structure and circulation of the upper mesosphere and thermosphere of Mars (MTGCM). The computational framework and major processes unique to a CO2 thermosphere are similar to those utilized in a recent Venus TGCM. Solar EUV, UV, and IR heating alone combine to drive the Martian winds above ∼100 km. An equinox version of the code is used to examine the Mars global dynamics and structure for two specific observational periods spanning a range of solar activity: Viking 1 (July 1976) and Mariner 6–7 (August–September 1969). The MTGCM is then modified to predict the state of the Mars thermosphere for various combinations of solar and orbital conditions. Calculations show that no nightside cryosphere of the type observed on Venus is obtained on the Mars nightside. Instead, planetary rotation significantly modifies the winds and the day-to-night contrast in densities and temperatures, giving a diurnal behavior similar to the Earth under quiet solar conditions. Maximum exospheric temperatures are calculated near 1500 LT (≤305 K), with minimum values at 0500 LT (≤175 K). The global temperature distribution is strongly modified by nightside adiabatic heating (subsidence) and day side cooling (upwelling). The global winds also affect vertical density distributions; vertical eddy diffusion much weaker than used in previous one-dimensional models is required to maintain observed Viking profiles. A solar cycle variation in dayside exospheric temperatures of ∼195–305 K is simulated by our Viking and Mariner runs. The dayside heat budget responsible consists of a balance of EUV heating, adiabatic cooling, and molecular thermal conduction, with CO2 cooling having little influence. Solar heating is probably not the only driving mechanism of the Mars upper atmosphere; gravity wave and tidal influence from below will also likely be significant, especially during dust storm periods.


Objective:To evaluate and compare the performance of two pulse sequences commonly used at magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography in the demonstration of postoperative cholangiopancreatic anatomy.Methods:MR cholangiopancreatography was performed in 72 patients who developed an unexplained fever,right upper quadrant abdominal pain and jaundice after surgery of the biliary ductal system.The image quality of 2D fast advanced spin-echo (2D FASE) sequence and 3D fast advanced spin-echo (3D FASE) sequence was compared.The results of the two pulse sequences were correlated with surgical findings and direct cholangiography.Results:Postoperative anatomy of pancreatic and biliary ducts could be well demonstrated with both 2D and 3D FASE sequence.3D FASE could better demonstrate intrahepatic biliary ducts than 2D FASE,but there was no significant difference (P0.05).For demonstration of pancreatic duct,3D FASE was superior to 2D FASE,and the difference was significant (P0.05).Conclusion:The 3D FASE sequence is more applicable than 2D FASE sequence for examination of the postoperative cholangiopancreatic system.


Recent reports on the future of the Australian engineering profession indicate an urgent need for the incorporation of more management training in engineering courses. A new double degree which integrates both civil engineering and management education. The course has been designed to allow access to high quality students with or without a specialist mathematics/science background who are interested in becoming engineer-managers. The aim of the course is to produce graduates with the ability to apply sound business practices, initially in a professional engineering environment, but with the potential to move into more general management positions as their careers progress (A).


An intimate relationship and love are of great significance for everyone. From the perspective of the object- relation theory,love is not only as simple as an alternative to meet the suppressed sex desire. Teens who are in a relationship or fall in love suggests their courage to identify Oedipus parents and also their ability to overcome the obstacles in Oedipus period. The lover not only has the ability to put the unconscious pornography and tenderness together,but also sex and idealized self,meanwhile they are capable of easing the offensiveness in love. Our internal object systems had internalized relationship with parents,and the companionship is related with both mother and father. The formation of the companionship within the children's hearts is important for children to stand those unbearable conflicts,so is the impression that their parents love each other. While being in a romantic relationship,boundaries of self- consciousness will become vague,and the established inner dynamic balance will melt. The inner self will develop. If one can experience a proper number of relationships during his adolescence,it will be more likely for him to build an independent and adaptive inner self and hence find an ideal partner.


ABSTRACTDrawing extensively on the Unesco Guidelines for Conducting Information Manpower Surveys and British workforce modelling by Bray and Turner, this paper describes the background to workforce planning in general and the data collection techniques used in Hong Kong in particular. A description of data collection and analysis procedures is followed by a set of conclusions and recommendations. These comment on the methodology used and note research findings on the following aspects of the library and information workforce in Hong Kong: size and distribution, demographic characteristics, departures, turnover rate, arrivals, vacancies, losses and gains, reductions, increases, growth, recruitment and training needs. Implications for the future are also presented.


Reversing-pulse electric birefringence (RPEB) of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate), [Glu(OBzl)]n, with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.71×105 was measured at 20°C and at 535 nm in four helix-forming solvents: 2-chloroethanol, cyclohexanone, pyridine, in which [Glu(OBzl)]n is dissolved molecularly, and chloroform in which it is aggregated. A standard analytical procedure is given for the RPEB signal which represents the field-on and field-off processes. The steady-state birefringence of [Glu(OBzl)]n was measured over a wide field strength range up to ca. 20 kV cm−1. The Kerr law was obeyed at low fields, while a saturating trend was observed at higher fields. Specific and intrinsic Kerr constants were obtained. The weight-average molecular length lw, the degree of polydispersity lw/ln, and the electric parameter (βw)2/2γw were evaluated from the reverse-transient signal which exhibits a deep minimum. The values of lw and lw/ln in the field-off process were also evaluated from the birefringence-average relaxation time and initial slope, both of which were obtained from the decay signal. The axial translation per residue of the [Glu(OBzl)]n helix was found to range between 1.27 and 1.30 Å at dilute concentrations regardless of solvent.


I was intrigued by the first article in this issue: Paul Stapleton's analysis of the trends in language teaching as represented in 30 years of Japanese Association of Language Teachers (JALT) conferences. It seems to me that it is important to know not just where we are now but where we have come from. The history of language teaching is not just interesting in its own right but crucial for understanding the origins of contemporary issues, as Howatt's exemplary A history of English language teaching (1984) demonstrated. Stapleton's analysis revealed a number of developments in the field of language teaching:


This chapter is concerned with alterations to the cathedral and city of Lincoln undertaken during the episcopate of Bishop Grosseteste (1235-1253) compared to the development of the city and cathedral of Salisbury begun under bishop Richard Poore (1217-1228, and bishop of Durham 1229-1237), and how these modifications may relate to Grosseteste's written oeuvre as well as the processional, liturgical and administrative innovations of the period.


Applying the resolution MSC 215 (82) in the ship hull production (area of ballast tanks) brought an implementation of new processes and procedures in preparation of steel surfaces before painting a section, ballast space, and also in delivery of them to the representatives of the classification societies, ship inspectors and authorized inspectors of colour. In ship's hull production, surface preparation is a demanding technological work operation which begins with primary surface preparation (preparation of plates and sections for dyeing workshop with protective coating) and continues with the preparation of steel before painting of sub-assembled sections and blocks according to ISO 8501-3 grade P2 . The surface preparation or additional surface preparation work, according to the above mentioned standards, require some additional technological time, a new human resources which in the end can significantly affect the ship's hull building time and the final price of the vessel in its entirety. Shipyard has to apply control process over surface preparation during the process of drafting and construction of hull and provide in this way the impact on production costs, reduce them to a minimum at each stage of the production process, respecting the norms and criteria for processing, quality control and hull building schedule.


The purpose of this collaboration is to offer elements for discussion on the role of intersections among art, design, and technology for approaching the socialization environmental issue as an exercise of visualization praxis. Concretely, it is appealed the case of an interactive piece, expressly designed, called trasTocar (to disrupt) exhibited in Zanbatha, the municipal museum in the inner state of México. This artwork agglomerates multiple perspectives for discussion: the theoretical border between art and design to solve communication problems; to inform people about altered and polluted surroundings landscape because of their individual actions; the addressing to spectators through technology to modify their behavior; and, the possibility to obtain data from this interaction.


High‐temperature solid oxide electrolyte (e.g., yttria‐stabilized zirconia) cells are compatible with ultrahigh vacuum systems. Since the oxygen activity at the electrode/electrolyte interface is controlled precisely by the applied potential, the cells are ideal as oxygen sources for UHV studies. A three‐electrode oxide electrolyte cell has been constructed and incorporated into a UHV surface analysis chamber. The control of the cell is extremely sensitive, and it can be used either to maintain a constant oxygen pressure or to pulse oxygen similar to a molecular beam source in the UHV chamber.


The gas pipelines and HV/EHV transmission lines share the common Right of Ways (ROW) due to the economic and land availability constraints. This paper shows the actual experiences of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) for two cases. First, COCO projects for construction of EGAT 230 kV line along the underground PTT gas pipeline. Second, Ratchaburi-Wang Noi Natural gas pipelines project for installation of gas pipeline nearby and within the ROW of 230 kV and 500 kV lines, see Figure 1. Scope of the paper is to describe the techniques that analyze the extent of electrical interference on gas pipeline imposed by an adjacent overhead line. Safety aspects and mitigation techniques to improve safety and decrease equipment susceptibility to the inductive and conductive coupling at exposed locations are being discussed. Also the safety procedures for construction are shown as actual experiences for the most effective processes. By the technical experience of EGAT and PTT, the most economic concept for utilization of the ROW has been appreciated as a successful means for joint of the gas pipelines and HV/EHV transmission lines.


This thesis investigates doubling and agreement in Romance and Germanic nominal constituents.

In Swedish, Norwegian, and Faroese, the definite article is doubled in case an adjective modifies the noun. This doubling is known as double definiteness. This thesis proposes that double definiteness is the result of an intriguing interaction between syntax and morphology. The absence of double definiteness in other Germanic languages is attributed to morphological variation.
The thesis mainly, however, deals with the distinction between strong and weak adjectival inflection in Germanic and its absence in the Romance. This thesis proposes that agreement on attributive adjectives is always licensed indirectly, through the help of a mediating element. In the case of Germanic weak adjectival inflection, this mediating element is partially deactivated for independent reasons. In the case of Germanic strong adjectival inflection as well as Romance adjectival inflection, this mediating element is however always fully active.
On the theoretical level, this thesis proposes that the syntactic configuration in which agreement can occur is best defined in terms of dominance. It is argued that a definition in terms of dominance is both theoretically simpler as well as empirically more adequate than a definition in terms of c-command.


Denitrification is a major process for reducing the nitrogen load in floodplains. Soil samples from depth profiles of a hardwood forest of the floodplain of the Upper Rhine were analyzed for their potential to denitrify under permanent nitrate supply. The soils were silty to silty-clayey in the surface layer and had increasing sand content with depth. The rate of denitrification was greatest in top soil and decreased with depth. Organic matter content along profiles decreased exponentially with depth. The denitrification rate showed a very close correlation with the organic matter content of the hardwood forest soil. A denitrification rate of 0.57 mg N day−1 g−1 organic matter present in the soil was calculated for all depths and sites and was constant for up to 23 days. This rather straightforward relationship may support predictions of the (maximum) potential denitrification rates in situ. Furthermore, this relationship may support modeling of the nitrogen balance and contribute to an efficient flood management strategy for the restored floodplains of the Upper Rhine in order to support nitrate removal by denitrification.


Groundwater contamination by organic chemicals is of concern because of the widespread use of these compounds and because even low concentrations may be very harmful. Dissolved organic contaminants are affected by advection, dispersion, sorption, and biological transformations in groundwater systems; however, biological degradation by indigeneous bacterial populations is the only mechanism whereby contaminant mass can be naturally removed from an aquifer. The purpose of this study is to develop a physically and biochemically based numerical solution for the transport of biodegradable organic solutes with emphasis on an efficient numerical approach. A dual-Monod relationship, combined with the advection-dispersion equation, is used to represent the biological and physical processes affecting the organic solute, electron acceptor, and microbial population. The three resulting differential equations are nonlinearly coupled through the Monod decay terms. By employing an iterative principal direction finite-element technique, efficiency is achieved by decoupling each of the two-dimensional transport equations into a series of one-dimensional equations. This decoupling should easily allow for extension of the model to three dimensions. An iterative solution is adopted because a purely sequential technique was observed to greatly underestimate the dissolved mass of an organic plume. Comparison of numerical results with the results of a laboratory column experiment shows that the model equations adequately describe the behavior of toluene, dissolved oxygen, and the bacterial population, without considering solute diffusion through stagnant fluid layers or biofilms. In a two-dimensional shallow aquifer setting an organic plume experiences mass loss, spreading controlled by the availability of dissolved oxygen, and skewing in the direction of groundwater flow. These features would be lost if the interactions between the organic contaminant, electron acceptor, and microbial population were ignored in the mathematical formulation of the problem.


This study was conducted to determine status of salinity,pH and fertility(OM,NO-3-N,and available P and K) of 1201 representative plow layer soil samples from the main vegetable production regions in China.The results showed that:(1)serious secondary salinization was found in the vegetable soils for greenhouse with wall and greenhouse without wall in the main vegetable production regions in China,with 28.1% and 29.3% of respective total soil samples from the greenhouse with wall(n = 285) and the greenhouse without wall(n = 348) for soil electrical conductivity value beyond the critical value(600 μs/cm) for vegetable in normal growth,and 9.5% and 14.9% of respective total soil samples at very high salinity evaluation level(≥1000 μs/cm).One of the most important reasons accounting for this was due to soil nitrate accumulation resulting from long-term use of excessive nitrogen fertilizer.Significant correlation relationships between soil electrical conductivity values and soil nitrate-N contents were observed in the vegetable soils for the greenhouse with wall and the greenhouse without wall,with correlation coefficients being 0.76 for the vegetable soils of the greenhouse with wall(n = 285) and 0.86 for the vegetable soils of the greenhouse without wall(n = 348).(2)Medium and low OM evaluation levels in most soils in the main vegetable production regions in China were found,with 36.9% of soil samples(n = 1201) in OM contents below its critical value(20 g/kg) and only 10.0% of the soil samples at high OM evaluation level(≥40 g/kg),respectively.(3)High accumulations of nitrate-N and available P were observed in the vegetable soils for the greenhouse with wall and the greenhouse without wall in the main vegetable production regions in China,with 33.0% and 30.7% of respective total soil samples from the greenhouse with wall(n = 285) and the greenhouse without wall(n = 348) for soil nitrate-N at high evaluation level(≥150 mg/kg),and 59.3% and 35.3% of respective total soil samples for soil available P at high evaluation level(≥150 mg/kg).These data indicated that high accumulations of nitrate-N and available P in the vegetable soils for the greenhouse with wall and the greenhouse without wall would lead to potential threat to vegetable and environment.(4)Significant neutralization of pH was found in the vegetable soils for the greenhouse with wall and the greenhouse without wall in northern main vegetable production regions in China,with lower pH values in the vegetable soils for the greenhouse with wall(pH 7.2,n = 270) and the greenhouse without wall(pH 7.3,n = 143) compared with the open vegetable soils(pH 7.7,n = 155).


Dual-function radar and communication integrated waveform design is a promising approach of cognizing the electromagnetic environment, which is of strategic importance for the guidance and surprise defense of ballistic missiles. Despite some progress in the design of dual-function integrated waveform, there are still significant challenges, including electromagnetic signal interference and hardware limitations. To address these issues, this paper proposes two OFDM-based integrated waveform designs that independently reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the integrated signal, and provides simulation results to demonstrate their effectiveness.


As a world-class literary and artistic Master, Chekhov has a comprehensive and profound impact of Mr. Lu Xun'sz works. The "Chekhov's element" can be felt from almost everywhere in the Lu Xun's novels. Lu Xun's works had been demonstrated by the concept of Chekhov's art and wisdom. In the areas of the choice of subjects, art practices in the use and deep humanistic concern. From the perspective of text analysis, we can elucidate the "Chekhov's element" of art of Lu Xun's satirical novels from three aspects such as the irony of the consistency of the principles of object orientation, ironic language arts generation strategy fit, the same ironically basic outlook on the world art. By analysis and interpretation, through this several aspects, we can enhance and deepen the two great masters in literature and have a unique artistic ability and appreciation of their artistic content of thick understanding and comprehend.


. Since our unexpected discovery of 12 compact radio sources in one of the nuclei of Arp220 we have been monitoring the structure using global VLBI and the VLBA. With several epochs of data we can now demonstrate that the fluxes of the radio sources are, in general, decreasing sytematically but not smoothly. The sources also have steep spectra. Both facts support our earlier supposition that these are highly luminous radio supernovae. We initially predicted a radio supernova rate of approximately 2yr- 1. Our most recent observations indicate that the occurrence rate of luminous RSN is several times lower than predicted, thus our model of the Arp220 starburst must be revised.


The relation between the finite basis adiabatic model and the classical adiabatic model (corresponding to a complete set of degenerate states) is elucidated when the internal system is rotational or vibrational. It is shown that the finite basis results can be obtained from the classical model results using the Gaussian quadrature to evaluate the former and Hermite quadrature for the latter.


In this paper, we aim to encode the set of all positive integers so that the codewords not only be uniquely decodable but also be an instantaneous set of binary sequences . Elias introduces three recursi ve algorithms for universal coding of positive integers where each codeword contains binary representation of the integer plus an attachment portion that gives some information about the first part [1]. On the other hand, Fibonacci coding which is based on Fibonacci numbers is also introduced by Apostolico and Fraenkel for coding of integers [2]. In this paper, we propose a new lossless recursive algorithm for universal coding of positive integers based on both recursive algorithms and Fibonacci coding scheme without using any knowledge about the source statistics [3].The coding schemes which don't use the source statistics is called universal coding, in these universal coding schemes we should use a universal decoding scheme in the receiver side of communication system. All of these encoding and decoding schemes assign binary streams to positive integers and conversely, without any need of use to probability masses over positive integers. We show that if we use Fibonacci coding in the first part of each codeword we can achieve shorter expected codeword length than Elias Omega code. In addition, our proposed algorithm has low complexity of encoding and decoding procedures.


PurposeThis paper aims to discuss about the two-dimensional numerical simulations of fluid flow and heat transfer through high thermal conductivity metal foams filled in a vertical channel using the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT.Design/methodology/approachThe Darcy Extended Forchheirmer model is considered for the metal foam region to evaluate the flow characteristics and the local thermal non-equilibrium heat transfer model is considered for the heat transfer analysis; thus the resulting problem becomes conjugate heat transfer.FindingsResults obtained based on the present simulations are validated with the experimental results available in literature and the agreement was found to be good. Parametric studies reveal that the Nusselt number increases in the presence of porous medium with increasing thickness but the effect because of the change in thermal conductivity was found to be insignificant. The results of heat transfer for the metal foams filled in the vertical channel are compared with the clear channel in terms of Colburn j factor and performance factor.Practical implicationsThis paper serves as the current relevance in electronic cooling so as to open up more parametric and optimization studies to develop new class of materials for the enhancement of heat transfer.Originality/valueThe novelty of the present study is to quantify the effect of metal foam thermal conductivity and thickness on the performance of heat transfer and hydrodynamics of the vertical channel for an inlet velocity range of 0.03-3 m/s.


Allocation of gas to wells on continuous lift can affect profitability. Excessive gas input is costly because of high gas prices and comressing costs. Inefficient gas allocation in a field with limited gas availability also reduces profitability. To alleviate the problem of excessive gas usage, an economic slope that relates liquid production and gas injection to cost and profit has been developed. To resolve the problem of gas allocation in a field with limited gas, a method to allocate gas to wells efficiently under this situation is presented and a step by step procedure is given. An example problem consisting of a six-well field is solved to illustrate the procedures presented. 8 refs.


The relationship of mother's attitude towards specific food consumption is known to influence children's attitude and eating behavior. Fish consumption is critical towards children development, such as brain development and overall physical health. The objectives of this research were to elaborate the determinants of children's appreciation for consuming fish or attitude towards consuming fish. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two different locations in Central Java in a coastal and in a non-coastal area. There are 248 students from the fifth and sixth grades of elementary schools participating as subjects, which is the same as that of their mothers. Observations and interviews were carried out using standardized questionnaires to describe the mother and children relationship that determined children's appreciation for consuming fish by using path analysis. The results showed that location of residence namely coastal area, family collective eating pattern, mother's affective attitude towards fish and mother's higher education significantly improved children appreciation for consuming fish. However, cognitive attitude and conduct to make fish available in family menu did not contribute significantly to children appreciation for consuming fish. It can be concluded that even though mother understands the benefits of fish and makes fish available in family menu, when children unable to feel her preference towards fish, children will not appreciate to consume. Therefore, mother's preference towards fish needs special considerations, since it positively influence children's appreciation for consuming fish, which will contribute importantly to children's well-being .