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An atom of hydrogen linked covalently to a strongly electronegative atom can establish an extra weak attachment to another electronegative atom in the same or different molecules. This attachment is called a hydrogen bond.
To distinguish from a normal covalent bond, a hydrogen bond is represented by a broken line eg X – H…Y where X & Y are two electronagative atoms.
The strength of hydrogen bond is quite low about 2-10 kcal mol-1 or 8.4-42 kJ mol-1 as compared to a covalent bond strength 50-100 kcal mol-1 or 209 – 419 kJ mol-1
Conditions for Hydrogen Bonding:
∎ Hydrogen should be linked to a highly electronegative element.
∎ The size of the electronegative element must be small.
These two criteria are fulfilled by F, O, and N in the periodic table. Greater the electronegativity and smaller the size, the stronger is the hydrogen bond which is evident from the relative order of energies of hydrogen bonds.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding:
This type of bonding takes place between two molecules of the same or different types.
For example,
Inter molecular hydrogen bonding leads to molecular association in liquids like water etc. Thus in water only a few percent of the water molecules appear not to be hydrogen bonded even at 90°C.
Breaking of those hydrogen bonds throughout the entire liquid requires appreciable heat energy. This is indicated in the relatively higher boiling points of hydrogen bonded liquids.
Crystalline hydrogen fluoride consists of the polymer (HF)n. This has a zig-zag chain structure involving H-bond.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding:
This type of bonding occurs between atoms of the same molecule present on different sites. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding gives rise to a closed ring structure for which the term chelation is sometimes used.
Examples are: o-nitrophenol , salicylaldehyde
Effect of Hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen bonding has got a very pronounced effect on certain properties of the molecules. As State of the substance:
H2O exists in liquid state whereas H2S in gaseous state because hydrogen bonding exist in water and no H-bonding exists in H2S.
The organic compounds like alkane, alkenes, alkynes are insoluble in water due to absence of H-bonding whereas alcohols, organic acids, amines are soluble in water due to H-bonding.
Boiling point:
High boiling and melting points of and HI in comparison to hydrides of other elements of V, VI and VII groups to which N, O and F belong respectively are due to hydrogen bonding.
Acidity of different isomers:
Strength of certain acids and bases can be explained on the basis of hydrogen bonding eg. when we compare the acidic strength of o – m – and p – hydroxyl benzoic acid.
The abnormally high dissociation constant of o – hydroxybenzoic acid is due to the fact that the conjugate base is stabilised by hydrogen bonding.
Illustration : H2O is a liquid at ordinary temperature while H2S is a gas although both O and S belong to the same group of the periodic table.
Solution: H2O is capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This is possible due to high electronegativity and small size of oxygen.
Due to intermolecular H-bonding, molecular association takes place. As a result the effective molecular weight increases and hence the boiling point increases. So H2O is a liquid.
But in H2S no hydrogen bonding is possible due to large size and less electronegativity of S. So it's boiling point is that of an isolated H2S molecule and therefore it is a gas.
Hydrogen bonding plays a vital role in physiological systems. Proteins contain chains of amino acids. The amino acid units are arranged in a spiral form somewhat like a stretched coil spring (forming a helix). The N-H group of each amino acid unit and the fourth C=O group following it along the chain, establishes the N-H—O hydrogen bonds.
These bonds are partly responsible for the stability of the spiral structure. Double helix structure of DNA also consists of two strands forming a double helix and are joined to each other through hydrogen bond
Also Read :
| chemical-bonding
Maximum Covalency & Resonance
Deviation from ideal behaviour & FAJAN'S RULE
Role of φ ( ionic Potential )
Intermolecular Forces


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100 Plants to Feed the Bees
Product Description
The international bee crisis is threatening our global food supply, but this user-friendly field guide shows what you can do to help protect our pollinators. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation offers browsable profiles of 100 common flowers, herbs, shrubs, and trees that support bees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds. The recommendations are simple: pick the right plants for pollinators, protect them from pesticides, and provide abundant blooms throughout the growing season by mixing perennials with herbs and annuals! 100 Plants to Feed the Bees will empower homeowners, landscapers, apartment dwellers — anyone with a scrap of yard or a window box — to protect our pollinators.
2017 GWA Media Awards Silver Medal winner
"A wonderful and much-needed book that will inspire and inform the creation of bee-friendly wildflower gardens. Perhaps we can turn our gardens, neighborhoods, towns, and cities into vast, colorful havens for bees, butterflies, and other vital insects!"
— Dave Goulson, biologist, founder of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, and author of A Sting in the Tale
"If you're ready to help save the bees, this is a great place to start. No matter where you live, this well-organized companion shows you the best plants to use."
— Joe Lamp'l, creator, executive producer, and host of Growing a Greener World®
"The ever-helpful Xerces Society shows us how to bring back our threatened species, one gorgeous garden at a time. Everybody wins!"
— Dar Williams, singer, songwriter, and environmental activist
From the Back Cover
Plant for Pollinators
The first simple step toward protecting our pollinators is to provide the flowers they need, using no pesticides. With abundant native wildflowers, your task is even simpler: don't mow them down! This field guide identifies the plants that honey bees and native bees – as well as butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds – find most nutritious, including flowers, trees, shrubs, herbs, and pasture plants. With guidance from the Xerces Society, the global authority on insects and other invertebrates, you can turn your backyard, farm, or commumity into a thriving pollinator habitat.
Each plant profile includes which pollinators visit the plant, the quality of honey the nectar produces, when it blooms, how best to use it in the landscape, planting tips, and spectacular photography.
About the Author
The Xerces Society is a nonprofit organization based in Portland, Oregon, that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat. Established in 1971, the Society is at the forefront of invertebrate protection worldwide, harnessing the knowledge of scientists and the enthusiasm of citizens to implement conservation programs. They are the authors of 100 Plants to Feed the Bees, Farming with Native Beneficial Insects, and Attracting Native Pollinators.

subset: commoncrawl


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15 Northern Ontario Waterfalls You Must Visit
If you are looking for the best Northern Ontario waterfalls, you have come to the right place! The natural landscape of Northern Ontario makes it the perfect place for chasing waterfalls! You will love the hiking, swimming, and also exploring you can do looking for Waterfalls in Northern Ontario. IfContinue Reading


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The LSU Tigers have pulled off a stunner.
Many believed that five-star tight end Arik Gilbert would be bound for the Alabama Crimson Tide. Even the Georgia Bulldogs seemed to have a possibility at landing the elite pass catcher. But in a stunning turn of events, Gilbert announced on Wednesday that he would be committing to LSU. Gilbert made the announcement at the All-American Bowl ceremony at the CFB Hall of Fame in Atlanta.
5-star, No. 10 overall recruit Arik Gilbert picks LSU over Alabama.— Michael Casagrande (@ByCasagrande) October 23, 2019
To say this is a power move might be undercutting it. Gilbert is a blue-chip prospect in just about every sense of the word. Heading into his senior season, the Marietta, Georgia native checks in at 6-foot-5 and 253 lbs. To no surprise, he's the top-ranked tight end in the country and ranked 10th in 247Sports' Composite Rankings. He only trails Clemson Tigers commit Myles Murphy, a strong side defensive end out of Powder Springs in the Georgia rankings.
Also, to say this is a huge recruiting W for LSU is probably underselling it. It's one of Coach O's biggest, and especially the biggest he's gotten over Alabama head coach Nick Saban. The Fighting Tigers were able to win the tussle for Gilbert, a sign that they are obviously still one of the premier programs in the country and should still have plenty of firepower on offense going forward.
Gilbert is LSU's highest-ranked recruit in their superstar recruiting class for 2020. He's the third five-star in the group now, joining cornerback Elias Ricks of IMG Academy in Bradenton and wide receiver Rakim Jarrett of St. John's College HS in Washington D.C. What's more: Since 247Sports began tracking recruits in the year 2000, Arik Gilbert is now tied for 13th amongst all LSU commits with former safety Craig Loston, and trails Terrance Toliver, Marcus Spears and Marquise Hill, who rank 10-12.
LSU now ranks 3rd in the nation in the 2020 cycle, trailing Clemson and 'Bama.


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Does The Shein Gift Card Work. Start generating free gift card codes for shein. To identify the shein 750 gift card scam, one must know how real gift cards work.
There are a number of reasons why a gift card may be declined. From shoes to clothing, from sports equipment to accessories. Take 20% off your purchase over $139 by using this shein coupon:
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Mp3 Download » Victony - Apollo; Victony, a Nigerian teenage music sensation, has finally launched his own music engine with this finely crafted studio masterpiece dubbed "Apollo."
Basically, Victony has had an impact on several types of music where he has been called on as a guest artist. Despite the compliments of fans and music lovers, his current song "Apollo" was utilized to kick-start his music adventure for 2022, and we have yet to witness the best of Victony.
The song "Apollo" was released ahead of his upcoming studio album, which has yet to be named. Victony delivers a flawless version with an addictive and all-encompassing vibe that is viewed as a potentially-inclined tune for the speakers.
Victony brought Mayorkun to Davido's sold-out event (The O2 Arena, London) a few days ago, where they both performed a special rendition of their popular song "Holy Father." "Apollo" is set to rule the music charts and logs, with P.Priime overseeing the music creation.
Apollo by singer Victony — Finally, Victony will be hard at work preparing to make his forthcoming body of work available in the coming weeks. Victony is having a blast in the industry, and it's taken him to a whole new level.
"Apollo" has some catchy lyrics like:
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I no go dey oh
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Ebelebe go fit to win your case
But I no go dey oh
I no go dey outside come dey wait
I follow dey oh
I follow dey when money dey rain
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Hit the jump and download 'Victony Apollo Mp3' below.
Victony - Apollo instant indexed bitrate: 160kbps. Listen to this SONG! [4MB]: Victony - Apollo MP3 Download – stream high-quality music audio. Check-in.


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Cardinal Health partnered with Workhuman to launch its first global, social recognition solution, Bravo!, designed to support a culture of recognition and appreciation across the entire organization.
A Customer Success Story
Merck: User-Friendly Global Recognition
Merck chose to partner with Workhuman to launch its first ever peer-to- peer recognition program, called INSPIRE. "Workhuman's platform allowed us to improve every aspect of the recognition process, making it easier for employees to both give points and recognize each other, as well as redeem for gift cards and merchandise in every country," explains Michaela Leo, former director of compensation at Merck.
Workhuman came to us with an innovative solution that allowed us to move into the digital space and make our recognition program more user‑friendly.
With a 125-year history of working to make a difference, Merck is a truly
global healthcare company. Its 69,000 employees around the world are
bound by a common mission to discover, develop, and provide innovative
products and services that save and improve lives around the world.
Whether helping invent the next breakthrough treatment or simply
challenging and supporting one another for mutual betterment, Merck's
culture is all about applied curiosity. Underpinning that culture are Merck's
core values of patients first, respect for people, ethics and integrity, and
innovation and scientific excellence.
This case study explores how Merck partnered with Workhuman® to
implement a modern recognition and reward solution that allows for in-the-
moment, peer-to-peer recognition anywhere in the world.
12-point increase on the recognition question in Merck's employee engagement survey
The challenge
The existing recognition experience at Merck was antiquated, to say the least. Recognition was not peer-to-peer – it could only be given top-down, from manager to employee. And since the nomination process was paper-based, no one was recognized in real time, in the moments it mattered most.
Merck's service anniversary program was also outdated. "Our vendor did not have local distribution centers, so we were dealing with tax and customs issues," explains Dave Watson, global solutions and relationship lead at Merck. "Many times, people didn't get their award for months after their anniversary."
The bottom line? "We didn't have a consistent global program," says Michaela Leo, former director of compensation at Merck. "The experience as a Merck employee in different parts of the world was very different."
As such, Merck looked for a partner to help build a global culture of recognition and implement a solution that allowed employees to recognize each other quickly and easily.
400,000 recognition moments to date, with 72% of those between peers
The solution
Merck ultimately chose to partner with Workhuman to launch its first ever peer-to- peer recognition program, called INSPIRE. The program was launched globally in 85 countries on one day. "We treated it like a product launch," says Michaela.
Helping launch INSPIRE were more than 400 ambassadors and early adopters around the world, tailoring launch events to their countries and cultures.
"Workhuman's platform allowed us to improve every aspect of the recognition process, making it easier for employees to both give points and recognize each other, as well as redeem for gift cards and merchandise in every country," explains Michaela.
"It was an amazing experience and I am really energized to work with more passion, integrity, and hard work. I appreciate this kind of recognition from the organization." –Merck employee
84,000 mobile recognition actions
The result
Excitement for INSPIRE has only grown in the two years since the program launched. There have been 400,000 recognition moments, with 72% of those between peers. Merck has also seen impressive adoption of the INSPIRE mobile application, with 84,000 mobile recognition actions.
INSPIRE has exceeded Merck's expectations for a more user-friendly recognition experience. "We don't have any training materials on how to use INSPIRE,"
says Dave. "The system is extremely intuitive. It takes two minutes to
recognize somebody."
The ease-of-use means people are being recognized more frequently. "That builds a positive energy in the organization, which you just don't get with the infrequent cash awards," says Michaela.
Another tangible result of INSPIRE is a 12-point increase on the recognition question in Merck's employee engagement survey. Today, a majority of Merck employees say they have a positive recognition experience, which is a significant change from years prior to the launch of INSPIRE. Seeing this positive impact, Merck chose to increase investment in INSPIRE to create the best possible recognition and reward experience for employees.
"All of our line division leaders say HR should be doing more things like this. The business rarely talks about HR that way, but they're talking about INSPIRE that way all the time," says Dave.
How can we help your business?
Find out how Workhuman solutions can transform your business to create your own success story.
Reach out to us!
Discover what a more human workplace can do for your business.
See more success stories
"This allows us to very easily recognize people from all over the world which, in a traditional HR system, you might not be able to do quite as easily … It's great to see the connections."
In 2015, LinkedIn partnered with Workhuman to launch Bravo!, a global, peer-to-peer recognition and rewards program that has a significant impact on employee retention and performance.
"Recognition is an investment in people. It's going to retain talent," says Gabrielle Thompson, senior vice president, acquisitions and total rewards at Cisco.
As with many large, global corporations, Eaton was challenged with driving a culture of recognition that made every employee – no matter their function or location – feel valued and appreciated.
This case study explores how CCG, Canada's largest not-for-profit automobile association, partnered with Workhuman® to create and sustain an innovative reward and recognition solution.
This case study explores how Conga partnered with Workhuman® to launch an innovative reward and recognition solution that increases engagement and drives the business's bottom line.
Qlik recently underwent a complete performance management transformation. Learn how Qlik worked with Workhuman, its human applications partner, to realign its people process to the pace of business.
In the first year alone, more than 15,000 recognition moments were captured and 66% of employees received recognition through Baystate Celebrates!
This case study explores how Citizens partnered with Workhuman to implement a modern recognition and reward solution, driving employee engagement and retention across its business.
Learn how First Tech partnered with Workhuman to implement a human application solution that enhances engagement while creating deeper connections to company values and business goals.


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There's a lot going on at The Ridge Church. Between weekend services, LifeGroups, classes and special events, there's always something happening.
But how do you stay connected and up to date? While we do announce a few things from the stage each weekend we can't always cover everything. The best way to keep informed is to download our app on your mobile device. You can do this by texting "RIDGEAPP" to 833-845-9900. This will send you a link to your app store where you can download it. Once you download the app and create your profile you can choose which push notifications you would like to receive. Each week we send out push notifications keeping you informed about the various things happening around The Ridge.
If you haven't already, please take a moment on your next visit to fill out a connection card. You can also do this on the app once you join it.
Another way to connect with us and others at The Ridge is to follow us on Facebook.
If you're new to The Ridge Church, you probably have a lot of questions. Like, "What do you believe?" "How do I plug in?" and "What's a LifeGroup?" and "What does it mean to be a member?"
You can find answers to these questions and more at Discovering Community. This four-week class will familiarize you with our basic beliefs and how we live out those beliefs at The Ridge. You will also learn about our leadership structure as well as meet our elders and key ministry leaders. While you don't have to become a member after taking this class it is required if you wish to become a member.
Discovering Community meets on Sunday mornings about once per quarter. Dates and times will be announce once they are scheduled.
When we become Christ-followers, we join a community, and we grow in our faith when we share our lives with others. While we are excited to have you attend our services on Sunday, church attendance alone does not help us experience the REAL LIFE CHANGE that comes from studying, learning and growing in God's word. We believe that is where LifeGroups come in. Jesus said in Matthew 18:20, "Wherever two or three are gathered in My name, there am I with them."
LifeGroups exist to accomplish two vital goals of the church. First, they provide a means to build fellowship. The early Christians devoted themselves to fellowship, and God honored them in this (Acts 2:42). Secondly, LifeGroups nourish the spirits of believers by connecting us to the word of God on a more intimate level and helping us to become more like Jesus.
A LifeGroup is made up of 8-12 people from all different backgrounds, and people who are in different places in their spiritual journey. Groups typically meet for about 90 minutes in a host home or at the church where they have a time of fellowship, explore the Bible, discuss, share and pray together. Our groups meet most nights of the week, so that lets you find a group that best fits your schedule and meets other practical concerns.
Below are some of the things that happen when we study and learn together in LifeGroups:
We work to fulfill the Great Commission (Matthew 28: 16-20). Also, Proverbs 27:17 tells us "Iron sharpens iron." Together we can encourage and push one another to love Jesus more.
We build fellowship. The early Christians devoted themselves to fellowship, and God honored them in this (Acts 2:42).
We fight against pride, realizing we're not the only ones with the "right" answer. On your own, you're prone to thinking you've got the best angle, the most understanding, and all of the "right" answers.
You only have one past, one set of experiences, and one mind. Therefore, you only have one insight into the vast depth of scripture. Your past experiences, and those of your group, add new insight to God's grace, mercy and love.
We don't get "stuck" on the hard questions. We're less prone to getting stuck, because we can help each other out.
When you read the scriptures and study them alone, you're limited to your own thoughts, and sometimes hear only what you want to hear. As you study God's word with others the Holy Spirit will guide you into all truth of the word of God.
A cord of three strands is not quickly broken (Ecclesiastes 4:12). Obeying God is hard. Trying to understand and obey the scriptures will break you if you go it alone.
We start our LifeGroups in the fall. We go for 8 to 12 weeks and then break until after New Year's. We then have another 8 to 12 week session and break again. After Easter we get together for another 8 to 12 weeks. We typically take a break from LifeGroups over the summer. However, there are some groups whose members have decided to meet throughout the year. The groups meet in homes in Brookville and the surrounding communities. Watch for the announcement in the weekend services and on the link to sign up. If you are fairly new to The Ridge we do recommend, before joining a LifeGroup, that you attend one of our Starting Point classes. For more information contact John Woolwine at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Almost everything you see and don't see happen at The Ridge is done by volunteers. Whether it be fresh mowed grass, greeters at the doors, teachers in your child's classroom, enjoying a cup of coffee or tea before service, clean bathrooms stocked with toiletries, musicians on stage leading us in worship, or any number of other ways—chances are you've been served by a faithful volunteer giving up time and talent to serve Jesus by serving you. A key part of our belief that the church belongs to all of us and we need to serve Christ through it.
At The Ridge, we intentionally keep our budget and staff small and rely on a huge community of volunteers who love Jesus and love to serve His church.
We believe serving others is essential to growing in our spiritual lives. That's why it's part of our Next Steps process. Maybe you have a great skill that you would love to use here. Or maybe you're not sure what you could do, but you want to give serving a try. Either way, we will work hard to find you the right place to help out.
If you consider The Ridge your church, we ask you to serve as a volunteer. By doing so, you're an essential part of helping others meet Jesus. And if you're a member, you've committed to serve generously as part of your membership covenant.
There are a number of opportunities to serve at The Ridge. To find out how you can serve, drop us a note on your connection card, email us, search the link or ask about serving at the welcome center.
Serving in the church is one of the best ways to train up and learn how to serve and love others outside the church. Think of it as a boot camp to open your heart and mind to others and how you are wired to best do that in the outside world.
As members of the Christian community and The Ridge Church we are part of an exclusive team assembled by God to serve others in Brookville, Montgomery County, the midwest and the world. We are trustees of the great commission that God has set forth as a command for us as Christians to:
"...go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, (Matthew 28:19).
At The Ridge, we believe that the real emphasis is not actually on the "go" part but on the on the "make disciples" part. It is the responsibility of every follower to make disciples. This may take place in your own household or thousands of miles away. This often seems scary to people but we are not alone in this calling Jesus tells us in Acts 1:8 "But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth." You see when we answer the call to make disciples God is with us, in the form of the Holy Spirit, to make that happen.
We focus our missions efforts in some key strategic ways that you can join us in if that is where God is calling you to.
Our local missions consists of an annual Family Car Clinic each fall. Our Vacation Bible School is geared towards introducing children to Jesus Christ. We also work with those in need through our HOPE ministry. As well as always keeping our eyes and ears open to be able to respond to other various needs in our community and beyond.
Target Dayton - We have a team that works with Target Dayton Ministries on the 4th Saturday of the month. If you can't make it then you are still welcome to join the other churches on Saturday or Sunday evenings.
Builders for Christ - Each year we commit to sending a team to one of the many church building projects that are being facilitated by the "Builders for Christ" organization.
International Missions - We are currently supporting a family from our church that has felt God's calling to live with an unreached people group in a undisclosed location that is not Christian friendly. Due to the sensitive nature of this and for their families safety we do not openly share their names or their location. You can learn more about them by stopping by our missions area on Sunday morning.
You might also be interested to know that The Ridge gives a percentage of our giving to organizations and ministries outside our church. Every year, we support our own benevolence ministry, new churches in Ohio and throughout the U.S. Also, through our affiliation with the North American Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), we support disaster relief efforts and help provide food and clothing for the poor all around the U.S. and the world. When you give to The Ridge, a portion of what you give goes to these ministries and toward helping many who are in need locally and in our global community.
For more information regarding missions and how and where you can join in at The Ridge email email@example.com
7555 Brookville Phillipsburg Rd
Brookville OH 45309
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Tel: 937-833-6306
For any general inquiries, please fill in the following contact form:


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After being hit by trolls & abused online, India's seam pacer Mohammad Shami shared a post on social media from India's training session today. Shami says that he had a productive training session and is looking forward to the next game. India will face off New Zealand in their second match of the Super 12 stage of the ongoing ICC T20 World Cup in Dubai on Sunday.
Mohammad Shami can be seen discussing swing, seam, or bounce with India's ace pacer Jasprit Bumrah. The experienced duo is also joined by IPL 2021's young pace sensation Umran Malik and Delhi Capitals' Avesh Khan. Both were added as India's net bowler after a superb IPL campaign.
Back to the grind. Had a productive training session and loved talking to our young talented cricketers. Looking forward to our next game against NZ. #TeamIndia #mshami11 pic.twitter.com/BelhDORBRo
— Mohammad Shami (@MdShami11) October 28, 2021
- Mohammad Shami will look to forget his dismal performance and start afresh against New Zealand. He is expected to come all guns blazing against Kiwis to help Indian win the first match of their T20 World Cup campaign.
- The pacer is key for India's success in the T20 World Cup. He was in sensational form in the UAE leg of IPL 2021.
- He has an impressive record against New Zealand in ODIs with 21 wickets in 10 matches. He is expected to emulate his top form in the upcoming battle.


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By Neal A. Shipman
Farmer Editor
As the North Dakota Legislature begins looking at where it is to be sending state funds during the next two years, McKenzie County and Watford City are carefully watching HB1066, which supporters are calling the "Prairie Dog" bill.
The bill is a massive rewrite of the state's distribution of funds that it receives from the natural gas gross production tax and the oil extraction tax from oil wells producing in western North Dakota. As proposed, proponents of the bill want to see the creation of a new funding bucket for non-oil patch communities, another directed to every township in the state, a $50 million bucket for airport infrastructure improvements, as well as continued funding for the state's hub cities.
HB1066 is a great concept so long as the state's oil industry is pouring billions of dollars into the state's coffers. Everyone is a winner.
But North Dakota legislators must not forget where the bulk of the state's oil revenue is coming from.
McKenzie County is the backbone of North Dakota's oil and gas production as it produces close to 40 percent of the state's oil and 50 percent of the state's natural gas. The oil and gas industry has already invested over $645 million in 64 industrial facilities in the county and plans to invest over $1.3 billion in the next few years in expanding or building new gas plants.
In the past two years alone, over $1 billion in oil taxes have poured into the state's coffers just from the wells in McKenzie County. That is not chump change.
What North Dakota is seeing is a huge industry being built in McKenzie County. It is an industry that is not dependent on oil prices. These plants are only barely meeting the current production. And as more wells are drilled, even more plants are going to be built.
The bottom line that North Dakota legislators need to keep in mind is that McKenzie County and Watford City are at the heart of the Bakken. The oil and gas industry rely on the county to have quality roads and other infrastructure in order to continue building that industry. Likewise, the city must be able to continue to add new infrastructure to serve the area's growing population.
The county and city are facing massive costs to meet their five-year development plans to keep pace with the unprecedented growth as the county needs to spend over $300 million just in roads while the city is looking over $241 to make improvements to its water, sewer and road systems.
As the state's leading oil and gas producing area, McKenzie County and Watford City aren't asking the state legislature for anything but their fair share when it comes to returning gross production taxes to the area that generated them for the state in the first place.
HB1066 has the ability to help everyone across the state.
But if, and when, legislators start tinkering with the distribution formula and who gets what funds, it would be wise of them to ask McKenzie County and Watford City leaders how that tinkering could impact the state's future revenues. As we are seeing when good or bad things happen in the state's oil industry in McKenzie County, the rest of the state feels either the positive or negative effects.


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The United States Army is a land company division of the USA Army. The Soldiers is one of the eight uniformed companies in the USA. It is actually likewise the most widely made use of division of the Armed Forces, with more than 250,000 active service and Book systems. Wiesbaden, Germany
Battle assistance as well as solution assist brigades
Battle help and company back brigades are a part of the United States Army force framework. Their duties feature preserving the men and also equipment of combat devices. They offer specific solutions, such as communications, cleverness, as well as design. Stephen Maranian Major General, U.S. Army
Battle help as well as solution support brigades are designated to corps, branches, or even brigade battle crews. The systems are likewise pertained to as sustainment brigades. Throughout war, they are actually commonly positioned in straight fight along with the enemy.
Service support entails the custodianship of prisoners of war, military fair treatment as well as self-control, and also transit. The units also keep Army resources. These functionalities are actually usually standard. Some assistance devices are actually echelonable to permit particular assets to continue to be out of range of foe induect and direct fire.
Battle help and also service assist units supply specialized support features in locations such as design, chemical war, as well as intelligence. Soldiers of these units are actually armed.
Service provider air wing vs carrier sky wing
The Company Sky Segment (CAG) is a working marine aviation company that is based on a ship. It is actually composed of numerous squadrons of airplane that give air war capabilities and also carrier strike team defense. They additionally provide the electronic war and also search as well as saving capacities that are actually required for contemporary US Naval force procedures.
The United States Naval force has 9 energetic service provider air airfoils. A typical wing has 60-65 plane.
When the ship leaves its home slot, these airplanes are actually normally released as a team to cope with ready standing. This makes it possible for the wing to enhance its combat preparedness via regular inter-squadron training.
While each airfoil has its own missions, the CAG is the Commander of the Air Airfoil. He is actually coequal in come up to the Commanding Officer of the carrier on which he is located.
Business, Electric Battery, and Troop
The United States Military possesses three standard planned components. These are the troop, electric battery, and company. Each factor can easily execute its own mission individually or cooperate.
A business is actually a system of about 100 to 150 males. They are regulated through a captain as well as often feature pair of patrols. An armored or even air mounties device of identical measurements is actually called a men.
A squadron is actually included 4 to six firms. Squadrons are actually coordinated along with a component known as the head office. Firms are actually ordinarily lettered from A to D.
An artillery is actually referred to as a battery. Batteries are actually manned through a leader and initial helpmate. They are actually used in tiny recon and also special objectives.
One more component in the United States Army is actually a squad. A squad is a team of four to ten soldiers led by a sergeant. Squads typically run exploration functionalities.
An unit is actually a system of around 3 to four teams. It is a military device that blazes a trail for various other military units.
Get and Protector devices that have actually taken part in United States military operations
The National Guard and Reserve are necessary elements of the United States armed force. They offer vital assistance as well as battle electrical power. These pressures are federally sustained and may be contacted to conduct goal.
In the course of the final twenty years, there has been actually a change in the part of the Shield and Book. Their purpose has shifted coming from a tactical reserve to an extra functional one. This has actually triggered stress amongst parts.
Considering that the start of the Battle on Fear, the National Protection and Reserve have been propelled in a way that has actually not been actually seen given that the Korean Battle. 10s of 1000s of Soldiers have actually provided in Iraq and also Afghanistan.
The measurements of the Reserve as well as National Protection is actually much larger than the active pressure. While they are not anticipated to take part in federal warfighting purposes, they are actually mainly expected to join missions that shield the homeland.
The Division of Protection has actually approximated that there is a deficiency of approximately 16,000 folks in the Soldiers's support functionality. That number features the 6 Personnel brigades that are going to be actually converted to support capacity.
Combat assistance as well as company back brigades are a component of the US Soldiers force framework. Fight support and service sustain units are assigned to corps, divisions, or even unit battle staffs. Some support devices are echelonable to make it possible for particular assets to remain out of assortment of enemy induect as well as straight fire.
Battle support as well as service sustain brigades give specialized support functions in regions such as design, chemical warfare, as well as intellect. They supply crucial help as well as combat electrical power.


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Henrietta Wilson*, Prashant Mohite, Anne Hall, Vladimir Anikin
Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
Received: 29 April, 2016;Accepted: 29 June, 2016;Published: 30 June, 2016
Henrietta Wilson, Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK, Tel: 01895 823737; Fax: 01895 825948; E-mail:
Wilson H, Mohite P, Hall A, Anikin V (2016) Timing and Efficacy of VATS Debridement in the Treatment of Parapneumonic Empyema. Arch Pulmonol Respir Care 2(1): 016-019.
© 2015Wilson H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Emypema; VATS
Objectives: Empyema thoracis is a common thoracic disease seen in both developing and developed countries. Despite modern management techniques, this condition is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has become an established mode of treatment for this condition; however the first-line approach and timing of surgical intervention remains controversial. The present study was undertaken to assess our experience of VATS debridement in the management of empyema, focusing on the timing of surgical intervention, and the affect this has on outcomes.
Method: Between May 2007 and May 2011, 75 patients underwent VATS debridement of empyema in our institution. Retrospective analysis of clinical notes was performed to collect data regarding length of pre-operative conservative management, operative strategy and post-operative course. The primary outcomes were the need for open thoracotomy, post-operative complications, length of hospital stay and survival.
Results: The mean pre-operative duration of conservative management in this cohort was 15.7 days (range 4-35). A total of 9 patients (12%) required open thoracotomy. Patients who had been managed conservatively for two weeks or more were significantly more likely to require open thoracotomy (p > 0.05). Both approaches were well tolerated with minimal post-operative complications. Average length of stay was 8.2 days (range 2-38) with no correlation found between this and pre-operative length of management. There were no in hospital deaths following this procedure.
Conclusions: VATS is now fully established as a safe and effective approach in the management of patients with empyema. The timing of any surgical intervention, however, remains controversial. There appears to be an ongoing trend for delayed referral, with the majority of our patients managed conservatively for over two weeks. The current study supports early surgical involvement, as later referral has been shown to lead to a significant increase in the need for open thoracotomy.
Empyema thoracis is defined as an accumulation of purulent material and fluid within the pleural cavity. The most common cause is as a complication of pneumonia [1]. The natural history of the disease is one of transition and a number of stages have been classified. The early or exudative phase (stage I) is a simple fluid or pus collection. Without treatment this will soon evolve into a loculated, fibrinopurulent effusion (stage II) followed finally by a complex, organised collection with trapping of the underlying lung (stage III).
As the name would suggest, empyema thoracis was first described in Greece by Hippocrates and his followers in 500BC, at which time surgical drainage was proposed as the treatment of choice [2]. Open thoracic drainage remained the only management option until the early 1900s at which time unacceptable mortality rates during the influenza pandemics of 1917 and 1918 forced further investigation into the disease. The novel approach of drainage using a closed chest tube was introduced at this time leading to a dramatic reduction in mortality rates [3].
This approach remains the basis for the current rationale in the management of empyema. It is generally agreed that success is dependent upon appropriate antibiotic therapy combined with drainage of the pleural space, re-expansion of the underlying lung and treatment of co-morbidities such as diabetes and malnutrition. The method of drainage and the timing of any surgical intervention, however, remain controversial. Despite modern management techniques the condition is still associated with significant morbidity, and a mortality rate of 20% in adults [4]. The present study was therefore undertaken to assess our experience of VATS debridement for empyema, focusing on the timing of surgical referral and intervention, and the affect this has on outcomes.
A review of the thoracic surgical database identified 75 patients who had undergone VATS drainage in the management of post-pneumonic empyema between May 2007 and May 2011. Patients requiring open drainage with rib resection, thoracoplasty or flap reconstruction were excluded from this study. Patients with an underlying thoracic malignancy were also excluded. The most common presenting symptoms were shortness of breath, fever and cough and were reported in 35-40% of cases. Others seen less frequently included chest pain, loss of appetite, loss of weight and haemoptysis. All patients had been resistant to medical treatment which varied from antibiotic therapy only, to pleural aspiration or drain insertion. The cohort was divided into those patients managed conservatively for less than two weeks prior to surgery (Group I n=34) and those managed for 2 weeks or more (Group II n=41). Diagnosis in both groups was confirmed using CT scan of the chest (Figure 1), with or without analysis of pleural fluid.
Figure 1:
CT chest demonstrating complex left sided empyema (arrow) with a thick cortex surrounding the lower lobe of the left lung.
VATS empyema debridement was implemented initially in all cases using a standard two port technique, for simple loculated collections, and three ports where more extensive decortication was required. The inferior 10mm port is used for the camera while a larger anterior incision is used as a utility port. Following drainage of any effusion, the lung is mobilised from the chest wall using a combination of blunt dissection and diathermy for dense adhesions. Sponge-holding forceps can then be used via the utility port to remove fibrinous debris (Figure 2). Copious wash-out of the pleural cavity is performed using betadine solution. At the conclusion of the procedure a size 28 French chest drain is inserted to the apex via the utility port, while a size 32 French chest drain can be passed through the camera port to the base. The lung is re-inflated under direct vision prior to closure.
Figure 2:
VATS management of a stage II empyema.
Conversion to open thoracotomy was performed in cases where adequate debridement and lung expansion could not be achieved via the VATS method, or to manage complications. At the time of surgery samples of parietal pleura and purulent matter were sent to histology and microbiology for analysis and all patients were treated with antibiotic therapy as per consultant microbiological advice.
Outcomes compared included operative strategy, in particular the need for conversion to open thoracotomy, post-operative complications, length of stay and survival. The Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Of the 75 patients who underwent VATS management of empyema, 9 (12%) required conversion to open thoracotomy. In 7 cases this was performed to allow adequate decortication and re-expansion of the underlying lung. The other two reasons identified for thoracotomy were to control bleeding and to manage poor tolerance of single lung ventilation.
The mean pre-operative duration of conservative management in group I was 9.7 days (range 4-13) and in group II was 20.6 days (range 14-35). The patient demographics of these groups are outlined in Table 1. There were no significant differences seen when comparing age, gender and pre-operative co-morbidities. Of the 9 patients requiring conversion to thoracotomy only 1 patient was in group I while the other 8 patients were in group II. This difference in frequency of open surgery was statistically significant (P = 0.03).
Table 1:
Patient demographics of groups I and II.
The procedure was well tolerated by all patients with minimal post-operative complications (Table 2). Although samples from the pleural cavity were sent to microbiology in all cases, only 11 (15%) yielded positive bacterial culture. The most common organisms identified were staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Table 2:
Post-operative complications seen in groups I and II.
Following surgery 58 patients were discharged home while 17 were transferred back to their local hospital for ongoing management or rehabilitation. Overall length of stay ranged from 2-29days with a mean of 6.9days. Excluding those patients transferred to other hospitals, the mean length of stay was 7.3days. A total of 27 patients were discharged with a chest drain in situ on a portex bag to manage ongoing drainage from the pleural cavity. In those patients where all chest drains were removed prior to discharge the average length of drainage was 7.2days (range 3-23). The mean length of stay was 7.2days (± 5.9days) in group I and 6.6days (± 5.3days) in group II. There were no in-hospital deaths reported. When comparing length of stay and post-operative complications, no significant difference between the groups was seen.
Empyema thoracis remains a common problem, affecting over 65,000 patients each year in the UK and US [5]. Prior to the advent of VATS the only surgical option for drainage and decortication was via an open thoracotomy. In view of this, surgical intervention was often perceived as a final option for patients in whom optimum medical management had failed. VATS has now become an established mode of treatment for this condition. A number of papers have reported VATS to be as effective as, if not superior to open thoracotomy [6-10]. This has reopened the debate regarding optimum primary management, with a growing number of advocates for early, aggressive surgical intervention [11-15].
Alternatives to surgical intervention include the use of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy instilled via a chest tube. Agents such as streptokinase, urokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen have been used in this setting with variable results. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis included seven randomised controlled trials comparing fibrinolytic therapy with placebo [16]. Outcomes included treatment failure (surgical intervention or death) and length of hospital stay. The results demonstrated that intrapleural therapy was associated with a reduction in treatment failure alone but not for death or length of stay. The authors therefore concluded that fibrinolytic therapy has potential benefits in the management of empyema in adults but that there was not enough evidence to advocate routine use. For this reason the use of such agents is usually reserved for patients who are unfit or high risk for surgical intervention.
VATS provides a number of advantages over simple tube thoracostomy with or without fibrinolytic therapy in the management of empyema. The technique allows inspection of the lung and the opportunity for debridement under direct vision. Specimens can easily be obtained for microbiological analysis allowing more focused antibiotic therapy in the post-operative period, and washout of the pleural cavity can be performed. In this cohort only 15% of cases yielded positive cultures, which may be explained by long pre-operative antibiotic treatment in the majority of cases. Isolation of microbiological agents has been positive in up to 77% in other series [12]. Perhaps one of the most important benefits of VATS is the ability to assess re-expansion of the lung following drainage. Poor expansion increases the risk of fluid re-accumulation and failure of the procedure [13]. Assessment allows the surgeon to decide whether further endoscopic maneuvres may be useful or if an open approach is required. In this study, VATS was well tolerated by all patients with minimal post-operative complications. Resolution was achieved in 97% of cases with a conversion to thoracotomy rate of only 12%.
Despite VATS being widely used and accepted in this patient group, the timing of surgical intervention and optimum first line approach remain controversial [17]. The current BTS guidelines support early discussion with a thoracic surgeon and consideration of surgical treatment in patients with persisting sepsis and pleural collection [18]. Guidance advocates a maximum period of 7 days without resolution. In our cohort the majority of patients had received significantly longer conservative management at the time of surgery (mean 15.7days). We have demonstrated that patients treated for ≥ 2 weeks are significantly more likely to require open thoracotomy than those treated for < 2 weeks. These findings are in keeping with previous studies. Lardinois et al., reported the probability of conversion to thoracotomy for fibrinopurulent empyema increases from 22% to 86% between day 12 and day 16 of presentation [19]. In view of this, and the progressive nature of the disease, timing of any intervention is paramount to achieving success.
To date, there have only been two randomised controlled trials comparing VATS and tube thoracostomy as the primary intervention [11,20]. Both studies reported that patients undergoing VATS as the primary management had fewer treatment failures and shorter length of hospital stay. The sample groups involved were, however, both relative small (n=104 and n=20) and there was no analysis of cost. We did not demonstrate a correlation between length of pre-operative management and length of post-operative hospital stay. This may in part be explained by the fact that 23% of our patients were transferred back to their local hospital, while a further 25% were discharged home with a chest drain in situ.
VATS has now been fully established as a safe and effective approach in the management of patients with both acute and chronic empyema thoracis. The technique allows adequate assessment of the pleural cavity, specimen collection and, in the majority of cases, re-expansion of the lung. The current study is limited in that it is a retrospective analysis; it does however support previous recommendations for early surgical involvement as delayed referral has been shown to lead to a significant increase in the need for open thoracotomy [6-10,19]. The exact timing remains controversial but should be based upon the general condition of the patient, stage of disease at presentation and local considerations (such as ease of access to a thoracic surgery service). Further randomised trials, looking particularly at cost-effectiveness and service provision, are required if we are to advocate VATS as the first-line treatment for empyema. The current evidence, however, supports earlier referral for VATS to circumvent the need for open thoracotomy and prolonged hospital stay.
- Magovern CJ, Rusch VW (1994) Parapneumonic and post-traumatic pleural space infections. Chest Surg Clin N Am 4: 561-582 .
- Francis Adams LL.D (1849) The genuine works of Hippocrates translated from the Greek with a preliminary discourse and annotations. London: Printed for the Sydenham Society .
- Peters RM (1989) Empyema thoracis: Historical perspective. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 48: 306-308 .
- Ferguson AD, Prescott RJ, Selkon JB, Watson D, Swinburn CR (1996) The clinical course and management of thoracic empyema. QJM 89: 285-289 .
- Ahmed RA, Marrie TJ, Huang JQ (2006) Thoracic empyema in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 119: 877-883.
- Striffeler, H., Gugger, M., Im Hof, V., Cerny, A., Furrer, M. and Ris, HB (1998) Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for fibrinopurulent pleural empyema in 67 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 56: 319-323 .
- Casali C, Storelli ES, Di Prima E, Morandi U (2009) Long-term functional results after surgical treatment of parapneumonic thoracic empyema. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 9: 74-78 .
- Chan DT, Sihoe AD, Chan S, Tsang DS, Fang B. et al. (2007) Surgical treatment for empyema thoracis: is video-assisted thoracic surgery 'better' than thoracoctomy? Ann Thorac Surg 84: 225-231 .
- Chambers A, Routledge T, Dunning J, Scarci M (2010) Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical decortication superior to open surgery in the management of adults with primary empyema? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 11: 171-177 .
- Zahid I, Nagendran M, Routledge T, Scarci M (2011) Comparison of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open surgery in the management of primary empyema. Curr Opin Pulm Med 17: 255-259 .
- Wozniak CJ, Paull DE, Moezzi JE, Scott RP, Anstadt MP, et al. (2009) Choice of first intervention is related to outcomes in the management of empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 87: 1525-1530 .
- Bilgin M, Akcali Y, Oguzkaya F (2006) Benefits of early aggressive management of empyema thoracis. ANZ J Surg 76: 120-122 .
- Cassina PC, Hauser M, Hillejan L, Greschuchna D, Stamatis G (1999) Video-assisted thoracoscopy in the treatment of pleural empyema: Stage-based management and outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 117: 234-238 .
- Petrakis IE, Kogerakis NE, Drositis IE, Lasithiotakis KG, Bouros D, et al. (2004) Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for thoracic empyema: primarily, or after fibrinolytic therapy failure? Am J Surg 187: 471-474 .
- Bouros D, Antoniou KM, Chalkiadakis G, Drositis J, Petrakis I, et al. (2002) The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of parapneumonic empyema after the failure of fibrinolytics. Surg Endosc 16: 151-154 .
- Janda S, Swiston J (2012) Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy for treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyemas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 142: 401-411 .
- Petrakis IE, Heffner JE, Klein JS (2010) Surgery should be the first line of treatment for empyema. Respirology 15: 202-207 .
- Davies CW, Gleeson FV, Davies RJ, Pleural Diseases Group, Standards of Care Committee (2003) BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection. Thorax 58 .
- Lardinois D, Gock M, Pezzetta E, Buchli C, Rousson V, et al. (2005) Delayed referral and gram-negative organisms increase the conversion thoracotomy rate in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 79: 1851-1856 .
- Wait MA, Sharma S, Hohn J, Dal Nogare A (1997) A randomized trial of empyema therapy. Chest 111: 1548-1551 .
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Finding the Right Website Plugin
Not every business owner knows what a website plugin is, but the fact of the matter is that any successful website needs to have plugins. A plugin is an embedded code that runs a more advanced program than what is normally allowed by regular HTML. Software to read the code must be installed on the computer, and there is the risk that the viewer might not be able to see the plugin right away, but plugins greatly enhance the functionality of any website on the Internet. Without plugins, playing videos and games in a web browser would not work, displaying applications like scheduling calendar programs would be impossible and creating and playing photo slideshows on a website would be extremely difficult.


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Does it feel like you're paying too much in energy costs every summer to run your air conditioner? There are some simple steps you can take to bring those costs down. For example, you can turn your AC temperature down one or two degrees and see results. You can also check to make sure the vents in your home aren't leaking cold air and forcing your AC to run longer.
But one of the best ways to make your AC unit more energy efficient is by having Anaheim, CA vinyl windows installed in your home. Vinyl windows are energy efficient in and of themselves and will benefit your air conditioning system in a big way. Here are a few ways they will help your AC and keep your energy costs lower than usual.
They will prevent cool air from escaping your home.
If you have old windows in your home, then there is probably quite a bit of cool air escaping it throughout the course of the day. Older windows usually only have a single pane of glass that will allow air to pass through it easily. This means that your air conditioner will have to work twice as hard as it normally would to keep cool air in your home. It also means your home won't be as comfortable as it could be since cool air will be coming through your vents and then immediately leaving your home. New Anaheim, CA vinyl windows will stop all of this from happening and keep your cool air inside for much longer.
They will allow warm air to enter your home.
Older windows in your home will do more than just let the cool air inside escape. They will also allow warm air from outside of your home to come right in and stay. You wouldn't keep your windows open when you have the AC running. So why would you run the AC when you have windows that are basically just allowing warm air to come right in? You should have new Anaheim, CA vinyl windows installed to stop the flow of hot air and to keep your home a lot more comfortable this summer.
They will allow you to open your windows and get fresh air when it's comfortable outside.
There are going to be times during the spring and summer when you won't need to run your air conditioner all the time. The temperatures will be comfortable enough for you to open up your windows and let some fresh air in. But if you have older windows, that might not be possible. Many old windows can get stuck in place over time and prevent homeowners from opening them. That obviously won't be an issue with new Anaheim, CA vinyl windows. You can open and close them freely and give your AC a break whenever possible.
As you can see, there are so many things you'll enjoy when you have new Anaheim, CA vinyl windows installed in your home. Aside from keeping your energy costs down, your new windows will also keep you comfortable and allow you to bring fresh air in whenever you want. For more details, you can check Anaheim, CA windows. Pacific Shores Windows & Doors can install vinyl windows for you and tell you more about their many benefits. Contact us at (714) 841-2228 or stop by and see us at 10573 Ellis Ave Fountain Valley, CA 92708 for all your window needs.


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After receiving her undergraduate degree of International Relations in Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg ,VA, Kakenya worked in the United Nations for a year and then decided to go back to school for her PH.D study of International Education in University of Pittsburg.Why? She never forgot her promise to her homeland and she has strong desire of making changes down to earth, which could not be fulfilled in the UN bureaucratic system.
Kakenya Center for Excellence. This idea pushed change happening one after another. Groundbreaking, in August 2008. Student selection, in February 2009. Students starting school, in May 2009. Obtaining sponsorship from the Member of Parliament on school dormitory building, school land registration, purchasing material to finish classroom construction with the local county councilor, requiring more teachers from the Department of Education, assigning school uniforms and textbooks, holding parents meetings and institutionalizing school board–all happened during this August. To see details of the changes in Kakenya Center for Excellence during this summer, Vital Voices–Kakenya Center for Excellence (Photo by Luna Liu, with The Advocacy Project) and Blogs of Luna Liu and Kate Cummings.
What does Kakenya want to do next? "Join the World Bank, then lead the Department of Education in Kenya, and in twenty years, I may become Kenyan President." Said Kakenya, hugging her two-year-old son, sitting in front of her mother's hut surrounded by green hills in Enoosaen.
Yes, I believe she can.
Posted By Luna Liu
Posted Sep 16th, 2009


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Newly created is this photography blogspot by John B Turner. After recently retiring as a lecturer in photography at the Elam School of Fine Arts, University of Auckland, New Zealand (1971-2011), John is now living in Beijing and continuing his work as a photographer, writer, curator, historian and co-editor of PhotoForum NZ. Below is one of his first blog articles:
A dialogue with Dave Heath
Forty four years ago, in 1969, I read a review of Dave Heath's book, A Dialogue with Solitude (1965), in Aperture magazine. To see Dave's book I requested a copy from the New Zealand National Library Service, which promptly acquired it. That is how we got to see books that would never reach a local library, let alone a book store, in those days. In the sense of how the term has recently been popularised by Martin Parr and Gerry Badger, for example, A Dialogue with Solitude is a classic photobook. It is poetic and deeply personal, while dealing with universal themes. And it is an emotional coaster ride through highly crafted black and white images exceptionally well printed to imitate in ink the full tonal scale of his silver prints. Few photography books had reached its level of perfection. I tried to buy a copy of A Dialogue with Solitude but already it was out of print. (1)
Dave Heath: Vengeful Sister (1956), from A Dialogue with Solitude
Dave Heath: Kansas City, Missouri, 1967
Through the kind help of Grace M Mayer, Curator of Photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art, I got Dave's address and wrote to him in Philadelphia, telling him what his book meant to me. I asked him how much he sold his prints for? And also asked if he would, perhaps, consider a print swap with me, so I didn't have to apply to the Government for an import licence. (Foreign currency was strictly controlled then, to prevent the spiralling overseas debt that has become commonplace today.)
Dave chose two prints – mounted and signed – and I sent him a series of eight unmounted "8×10″'s from my 'Beer Garden Wall' series which I had been working on with the poet, Patricia Godsiff, to make a book. One that never eventuated.(1)
Dave insured his prints for $US35 each, so in October 1969 I had to pay $NZ8 customs duty on delivery. He chose for me what became known as his 1956 'Vengeful Sister' image from A Dialogue with Solitude, and a new 1967 picture of a woman in a Kansas City street. for me. They were beautiful prints, so different tonally and emotionally, like night and day. I got them framed to hang on our living room wall in Paparangi, where they joined two John Daley prints and some signed Paul Strand gravures from his then recent book, Tir A Mhurain. I couldn't afford much, but I was starting my own collection with work that I loved and was challenged by. Read the full article here


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It has been reported that GEA/GLPS customers are receiving calls about a $50 rebate to their electric bill. Be aware that this is a SCAM and not an offering from GEA/GLPS.
It has been reported that GEA/GLPS customers are receiving calls about a $50 rebate to their electric bill. Be aware that this is a SCAM and not an offering from GEA/GLPS. SCAM Alert
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Greeneville Light & Power System urges caution when dealing with solar contractors!
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Please read the following update on prepaid electric accounts:
Accounts that reach a prepaid balance owed of ($0.01) or greater will be disconnected. This process will run seven days a week and disconnects will now occur every day of the week including weekends and holidays. Effective March 1st, 2021 a reconnection fee of ($5) will be required if the service is disconnected in this manner.
Effective June 1st, 2021 a ($25) deposit will be required on accounts without a deposit on file disconnected in this manner.
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What did the GEA board vote on?
The GEA board voted to take the necessary steps for GEA to begin providing broadband services to the central portion of our county effectively defined by the city limits of Greeneville.
When will these services be available?
There is a significant amount of work to be done for GEA to be able to begin offering broadband services and it will likely be towards the end of 2022 before the first customer is served and it will likely be late 2023 before broadband services are available from GEA everywhere within the city limits. Once a timeline is able to be specifically determined, we will make that available to our customers via our website.
What will it cost?
The specific services and associated pricing is still under development and they will be published on the GEA website when they are known. It is our desire and intent to provide a superior product at a very competitive price with excellent customer service. These services will be provided through a fiber optic network that will go all of the way to the point of service.
What about customers that are not within the city limits?
Although the immediate plan is to provide broadband services with the city limits of Greeneville, we will be actively applying for grants to extend GEA broadband services to other parts of Greene County. Most grants specifically target areas that are either unserved or underserved, so those are the areas that are most likely to benefit from these grant opportunities. If we do have some areas that receive grant funding, we plan to leverage that infrastructure to begin providing services to areas that may be in close proximity to the fiber routes to these areas. The timeline for these opportunities will be defined by the specific grant that may apply. Additionally, the GEA board will consider extending beyond the city limits of Greeneville at the appropriate time.
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Greeneville Light and Power has an exciting new program called Community HELP (Heating Electric Lighting Program). Customers can choose to have their monthly electric bill payment rounded up to the next dollar amount with all proceeds going directly to the Food Bank located here in Greeneville. The maximum contribution per customer is $0.99 per month.
All collected funds are distributed by the Food Bank to assist those in need of help paying their electric bills. To sign up call GLPS at 423-636-6200 or follow the instructions below:
SmartHub Mobile (Android or Apple phones/tablets)
- Open the SmartHub app.
- Go to "Bill & Pay" at the bottom of the screen.
- Select "Community HELP Round Up"
- If you are already enrolled will see an icon that says "Enrolled" and if you already contribute extra, it will tell you the amount.
- If you have not enrolled, click the enroll button, agree to the terms, and select the correct option for you.
- If you are only on roundup and want to add a little extra, you will need to unenroll and change the amount. There is no limit to the number of times you change and it will not start until the next bill.
SmartHub Web (Desktop/Laptop or if you don't have the SmartHub App on your phone)
- Go to https://glps.smarthub.coop and select the Community HELP option from the Billing & Payments menu or just follow this simple link Community HELP.
- If you are already enrolled you will see all accounts enrolled and the amount.
- If you have not enrolled, click the enroll button, agree to the terms, and select the correct option for you.
- If you are only on roundup and want to add a little extra, you will need to unenroll and change the amount. There is no limit to the number of times you change and it will not start until the next bill.
If you have any questions about this new program please give us a call.
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Effective February 15, 2020, Greeneville Light & Power System will no longer be an Issuing Agent for State Electrical Permits. Permits will need to be purchased Online at www.core.tn.gov. For questions you will need to contact one of the following:
TN Department of Commerce & Insurance - 615-741-7170
Larry Craddock – 865-805-7022
Bruce Shelton – 423-419-0004
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Tips on how to spot a scammer...
Don't be pushed into action. Just because someone looks or sounds official doesn't mean they are. Criminals hope we will be frightened into letting down our guard and that tactic often works. If you receive an unsolicited call or email that threatens legal action, ignore it.
Take control of your telephone. A significant portion of criminal's consumer activity involves telephone calls. Unfortunately, caller ID can no longer be considered reliable, so unless you recognize the telephone number, the best tactic is to let the call go to voicemail.
Greeneville Light & Power will never contact you by phone requesting payment. If you receive a call requesting payment, hang up and call us at 423-636-6200.
Also, use caution when making online payments. Some bill pay companies may come back as the result of an internet search and could possibly even use our logo to look like you are making a payment directly to us. These companies may charge a fee in addition to your payment. To ensure this doesn't happen, make certain you are making online payments through Smarthub. Check to make sure that the URL is correct in the address bar and look for the "lock" symbol. The appearance may vary between browsers and versions. Below are some samples:
Internet Explorer 11
To get your balance or make a payment, please use one of our methods listed in the article below:


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Go WTF - zero waste for a week
Is going 'zero waste' a sustainable way to live? Where and how do we even start?
Hear what the experts have to say about managing the waste we produce: Things we didn't know about zero waste
Read more: Do individual sustainable choices matter in saving the Earth?
For more Go With The Flo: https://sg.tv.yahoo.com/go-with-the-flo/


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World Diabetes Day is celebrated each year to draw attention to issues of utmost importance to the diabetes community. Between 2021 and 2023 the theme is a topic close to our heart: 'Access to Diabetes Care'.
Today, approximately 537 million people worldwide live with diabetes, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the number is expected to rise to above 700 million by 20401. For the vast majority, the fundamentals of daily diabetes management are still beyond reach. This is especially true for the people living in low- and middle income countries – which is three out of four of all adults living with diabetes. Moreover, almost 1 in 2 people with diabetes are unaware of their condition, which results in over 200 million people being undiagnosed.1 The diabetes epidemic and its existing health disparities need to be urgently addressed and overcome so people living with diabetes get access to early diagnosis and therapy support so they can manage their chronic condition and prevent serious secondary complications.
These numbers dramatically illustrate why the IDF's theme for this year's World Diabetes Day is once again "Access to Diabetes Care." People around the world need access to medicines, innovative technologies, education, support and care to manage their diabetes every day, because diabetes needs constant attention and takes no breaks.
Since 1991, we commemorate on November 14 the great achievement of the discovery of insulin by two extraordinary scientists - Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best, whose birthday it was. Despite the undoubted significance of the discovery of insulin and its first therapeutic use about a century ago, this day is not only an occasion to look to the past. Quite the contrary, November 14 is a day to raise awareness on how people are living with diabetes today and how to address the prevalent challenges and sustainably advance access to care moving forward.
Is it funding? Is it the capacity of the healthcare system? Is it awareness or diagnosis? Looking at the innovations brought to market over the past decades shows - the diabetes epidemic cannot be solved by just one single player. It takes a network of strong partners working together to address the existing challenges and alleviate the individual and societal burden of this disease.
Aiming to strengthen the response to the diabetes epidemic, the World Health Organisation has put out the first-ever
Roche Diabetes Care is committed to advance access to diabetes care and overcome health disparities so that we can help people with diabetes experience true relief from their daily therapy burden irrespective of where they live. We believe in the power of partnerships and that united we can make a sustainable impact that goes beyond offering medical support. It involves creating holistic care structures that enable early diagnosis and treatment, and provide the required socio-economic support critical to access to care and therapy adherence. This year, Roche Diabetes Care's dedicated support for World Diabetes Day includes awareness activities highlighting the need for better access to high-quality diabetes education for people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals everywhere in the world.
IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition, International Diabetes Federation, 2021


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A second Day in a row with two posts ! As Omicron flare-ups in China's manufacturing hubs, like Guangdong Province and Shanghai, disrupted supply chains, Vietnam's Q1 economic figures appear to show promising outlook amid the pandemic … Nothing is magic, what happens is the result of a policy openness to the international market, illustrated progressively by Vietnam's accession to ASEAN in 1995, then to the WTO in 2007, as well as by the proliferation of bilateral treaties. We reproduce this article published by Business-standard.com. All this makes Vietnam a land of opportunities and investments. Must See In Vietnam Editor.
Owing to greater opportunities with cheaper prices over land purchasing rights, labour wages, and operational expenses for factories and warehouses, Vietnam may replace China as the factory of the world in near future.
As Omicron flare-ups in China's manufacturing hubs, like Guangdong Province and Shanghai, disrupted supply chains, Vietnams Q1 economic figures appear to show promising outlook amid the pandemic, reported Global Times.
According to Vietnams General Statistics Office, Vietnams economy expanded by 5.03 per cent in Q1 of 2022, compared with the same period of last year, surpassing China which grew 4.8 per cent. Whats more, Vietnams foreign trade rose to USD 176.35 billion in Q1, a year-on-year rise of 14.4 per cent. In comparison, China's Q1 foreign trade rose 10.7 per cent in yuan terms.
Moreover, foreign investors and other foreign-owned businesses are pouring money into the Vietnamese market. Recently, Vietnamese media reports that business mogul Li Ka-shing invested billions in Vietnam's infrastructure after retreating from the UK, reported Global Times.
As Southeast Asia eases its epidemic restrictions and China continues to battle Omicron flare-ups in its major cities, a new wave of headlines emerged over whether factory orders will continue to flow out of China, and if China should have a sense of crisis as global manufacturing may be weaning off dependence on the worlds second largest economy and turning to countries like Vietnam.
China began its reform and opening-up in 1978. Vietnam followed China's footsteps and started its own market reform known as "Doi moi" in 1986. For the past decades, economic growth on both countries has been remarkable.
But the eruption of a trade war between the US and China in 2018 has accelerated a fourth wave of industrial chain transfer, with countries like Vietnam and Mexico emerging as the biggest winners of the trade disputes.
Vietnams trade with the US has grown significantly since 2018. The latest data showed Vietnams trade surplus with the US rose to USD 81 billion in 2021 from USD 63 billion in 2020, hitting an all-time high, UK-media reported.
For the foreseeable future, Vietnam will continue to remain an attractive market for foreign investment and a destination for supply chain diversification.
Today's Special article is written by Business-Standard.com and Must See In Vietnam. Thank you to our sponsors MiKi Chef Vietnam and VGlobal Partners Vietnam
We are looking for stories to tell for our readers. Whether it's a start-up or an existing, innovative company in the F&B Industry in Vietnam that needs to be known… write to us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Million of Thanks for following us, for your Likes , Loves for your comments and for sharing with your friends. Visit us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/mustseeinvietnam/


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< div class =" inline_image image_size_full" data-attachment =" 257014" data-sequence =" 2" readability="7" >< img alt =" Aerial shot of the Enterprise Way website" src =" https://www.breadnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/bothams-beginnings-work-on-purpose-built-bakehouse.jpg" dimensions =" (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 780px" class =" lazyload" size =" 4000" height =" 2250 "srcset =" https://www.breadnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/bothams-beginnings-work-on-purpose-built-bakehouse.jpg 480w, https://www.breadnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/bothams-beginnings-work-on-purpose-built-bakehouse-1.jpg 600w, https://www.breadnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/bothams-beginnings-work-on-purpose-built-bakehouse-2.jpg 780w" > Botham's of Whitby is to develop a new purpose-built bakehouse after outgrowing its present Skinner Street website which it has inhabited for 160 years.
The North Yorkshire Bakery, which relocated its covered items production to Whitby Business Park in 2000, announced it would certainly currently extend the Enterprise Way site as well as wanted to move operations there "within the year".
Botham's was initially built as a store as well as cafeteria in the 1800s before the household started creating behind the residential property to include a bakehouse which presently produces its bread as well as cakes.
The new pastry shop will be roughly 1,640 square metres which includes the shop, tearoom and also pastry shop– plus offices and storage on mezzanine floors.
Presently, the bakery lines will certainly be as they stand now, with a natural advancement of some items, business said, with new products included the future.
" The bakery continued to advance in stages, as well as, because of this, the bakehouse is now on multiple levels attached by a network of staircases, ramps and an aging central lift– which is critical to manufacturing," claimed managing director Jonathan Botham.
He included that the move will aid improve production and that to be all on one level will be a "game-changer".
" The brand-new bakery at Enterprise Way will enable us to significantly change manufacturing, breakthrough with innovation and also replace vital machinery without the 'how-on-earth-do-we-get-that-up-the-stairs," he added.
The great-grandson of founder Elizabeth Botham added the move would cause a decrease in big vehicle shipments to Skinner Street, which is narrow as well as one-way, in addition to aid business "to enhance performance, save both time and energy, as well as grow the business".
Botham's runs five local shops in Whitby, Sleights and also Pickering. Its Skinner Street tea shop as well as spaces will additionally stay.
Lois Borrett, director as well as great-great granddaughter of Elizabeth Botham stated the brand-new bakehouse was "around enterprising to safeguard a future for the business as a whole".
" We are a family organization for family members, by lots of meanings: our stores as well as cafeteria are taken pleasure in by family members near and far; our mail order hinders are supplied to pals & & households across the country and the pandemic advised us regarding just how vital these distributions can be with many of our Care Packages being sent.
" We supply great deals of various other neighborhood, family-run companies and contract out job locally were feasible, we utilize local people and also, thus, we commonly have times when we have several generations of one regional family members helping us at once."
The bakeshop is famous for its Whitby Lemon Buns, Yorkshire Brack, Plum Bread, Shah Ginger Biscuits as well as Chocolate Japonaise Japs. Strawberry Tarts, Winter Brack and also Easter Simnel Cakes are also among the other pastry shop products it generates.