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Attorney General of Kansas — Opinion
March 21, 2001
Re: Cities and Municipalities — Public Purpose Doctrine — Use of Public Funds to Promote School Bond Issue
State Departments; Public Officers and Employees — Public Officers and Employees; Open Public Meetings — Meetings of State and Subdivisions Open to Public; Application to Finney County Economic Development Commission
State Departments; Public Officers and Employees — Public Officers and Employees; Open Public Meetings — Meetings of State and Subdivisions Open to Public; Application to Finney County Economic Development Commission
Synopsis: Given the extent of governmental involvement with the Finney County Economic Development Corporation (FEDC), based on the information provided we believe the FEDC is subject to both the Kansas Open Records Act and the Kansas Open Meetings Act. In light of the penalties for misuse of public funds, the uncertainty with how a Kansas court would address the use of public funds to advocate a position in a matter before the electorate and the necessity of making factual determinations, we are unable to opine regarding the propriety of the FEDC's contribution to an advocacy group organized to promote the issuance of bonds by a school district to build a high school. Cited herein: K.S.A. 21-3910; 25-4169a; 45-217, 75-4318.
* * *
Carla J. Stovall, Attorney General of Kansas
John P. Wheeler, Jr. Finney County Attorney 409 North Ninth Street Garden City, Kansas 67846
Dear Mr. Wheeler:
As Finney County Attorney, you ask several questions concerning the Finney County Economic Development Corporation (FEDC). First you ask whether the Kansas Open Meetings Act (KOMA) and the Kansas Open Records Act (KORA) apply to the FEDC.
According to the information that we have been provided, in 1988 the Finney County Commissioners passed a resolution to levy a .25 mill tangible property tax "to assist in providing for a countywide economic development program." In 1989, the FEDC was formed, primarily through the efforts of the City and County. It is a Section 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation with a general purpose to promote economic development in Finney County. We understand that essentially all of the funding for FEDC is provided from a portion of the county's mill levy and a budget line item from the City of Garden City.
According to the articles of incorporation, there are seven directors. The bylaws indicate that the membership consists of Finney County, Garden City, Garden City Community College (GCCC), Garden City Chamber of Commerce, and Start-Inc. (Start-Inc. is a not-for-profit corporation created by the City and County to advise on community block grants. It has no budget, and it is not controlled by the City or County.)
Directors of the FEDC are elected by designation of the members. The County appoints two directors. The City, GCCC, Start-Inc., and the Chamber of Commerce each appoint one member. Another member is chosen by majority vote of all members. In short, governmental entities (including GCCC) directly choose four of the seven members, and have a majority vote in choosing an additional member.
The KOMA sets forth a two part test for groups covered by it, both elements of which must be met. The KOMA applies to:
"[A]ll legislative and administrative bodies and agencies of the state and political and taxing subdivisions thereof, including boards, commissions, authorities, councils, committees, subcommittees and other subordinate groups thereof, receiving or expending and supported in whole or in part by public funds. . . ."[1]
The KOMA's application appears to be narrower than application of the KORA. The KORA implies that, subject to certain exceptions, any entity which is appropriated public funds may be covered by KORA since the KORA defines a public agency as:
"[T]he state or any political or taxing subdivision of the state or any office, officer, agency or instrumentality thereof, or any other entity receiving or expending and supported in whole or in part by the public funds appropriated by the state or by public funds of any political or taxing subdivision of the state."[2]
The KORA implies that mere receipt of public funds may be enough to trigger its application, whereas the KOMA's two part test seems to imply that the body must also exercise some kind of governmental authority for the KOMA to apply. Because the FEDC is 100% funded through public funds, we do not hesitate to conclude that the KORA applies to it. The more difficult question is whether the KOMA applies.
In a recent opinion we considered whether the Prairie Village Development Corporation (PVDC) was subject to the KOMA[3] . The PVDC had a board of seven members, three of which were City Council members. New board members, including the three City Council members, were selected by existing board members. The bylaws also provided that the number of board members could be increased to nine at any time. The PVDC did receive all of its funding from the City; in its first year it received $15,000, in the second year $2,000, and in the third year $4000. Indications were that amounts it received would remain at these lower levels.
In analyzing whether the KOMA applied to the PVDC, we looked to the leading, and very problematic, case of Memorial Hospital v. Knutson.[4]
In Knutson, the Court determined that the KOMA did not apply to a not-for-profit corporation which was originally organized by a county hospital board to run the hospital. Because the corporation was organized so that new board members were not appointed by the county hospital board, and because, in at least the Court's view, the corporation did not spend public funds, the Court held that the KOMA did not apply. Our understanding of Knutson was expressed in an Attorney General Opinion as follows:
"In essence, the Court held that the reorganization of the Association went far enough to separate it from the authority of the county and that the Association was not delegated legislative or administrative authority."[5]
Based on the information we have, we understand the FEDC to have much stronger ties to governmental entities than the PVDC. Unlike the PVDC, governmental entities control appointment of more than a majority of the directors. Except for the first year, PVDC received grants for only a few thousand dollars. We understand that Garden City has a line item appropriation in the amount of $35,000 annually to the FEDC. This is in addition to whatever amount comes from the County.
We have not been provided with information concerning what the FEDC does with this funding or what services it actually performs. If it is performing a governmental function, it would be more likely that the KOMA applies.[6] Because of the apparently large amount of money the FEDC receives, we assume it must be performing some significant function.
Based upon the information with which we have been provided, it appears that the FEDC is a public agency for purposes of both the KORA and the KOMA.
Your other concern is FEDC's expenditure of public funds to a committee formed to promote a November, 2000, ballot question of whether U.S.D. 457 should be authorized to issue general obligation bonds for the construction of a second high school in the district. Apparently, the FEDC's position is that a second high school would be good for economic development.
While the Kansas appellate courts have not directly addressed the issue of whether public funds can be used to promote a position during an election, there are a number of cases from other jurisdictions that conclude that a public entity cannot do so.[7] Several cases rest on the lack of statutory authority to use public funds in this manner;[8]
dicta in others indicate that such activity may have constitutional implications:[9]
"Underlying this uniform judicial reluctance to sanction the use of public funds for election campaigns rests an implicit recognition that such expenditures raise potentially serious constitutional questions. A fundamental precept of this nation's democratic electoral process is that the government may not `take sides' in election contests or bestow an unfair advantage on one of several competing factions. A principal danger feared by our country's founders lay in the possibility that the holders of governmental authority would use official power improperly to perpetuate themselves, or their allies, in office. (Citations omitted.) The selective use of public funds in election campaigns, of course, raises the specter of just such an improper distortion of the democratic electoral process."[10]
In prior Attorney General Opinions, this office has concluded that use of public funds to advocate a position is prohibited.[11] In Attorney General Opinion No. 93-125, Attorney General Robert T. Stephan concluded that public funds may not be used to promote or advocate a city governing body's position on a matter that is before the electorate. General Stephan relied on cases from other jurisdictions that so concluded because the only Kansas appellate case that mentioned the issue did so as an aside.
In Kansas Electric Power Co. v. City of Eureka,[12] taxpayers had sued to contest the validity of a bond election under which the City proposed to issue general obligation bonds to construct a building and purchase machinery to generate electricity. Allegations were made that the governing body used city funds to promote the bond issue. The Kansas Supreme Court, stated, in dicta:
"Touching first upon the activities of the mayor and city commissioners in the pre-election campaign, persons who happen to hold city offices in their private capacity as electors are as free as other people to advocate their opinions. But as public officials they should maintain a reasonable semblance of neutrality."[13]
Despite the judicial reluctance to countenance the use of public funds to advocate a position in an election, there are recent cases that move away from the bright line prohibition in situations involving municipalities that are unfettered by statutory concerns.[14] These cases focus on whether a municipality's use of public funds to promote its position in an election violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
In Lash v. City of Union, Ohio,[15] taxpayers challenged the City's expenditure of funds to promote the City's position in two elections. The first election involved an unsuccessful taxpayer initiative that attempted to block the City's creation of a fire district. The second election sought to impose a tax levy to finance the new fire district. The taxpayers argued, on the authority of Abood v. Detroit Board of Education,[16] that their First Amendment rights had been violated by virtue of the City's expenditure of funds to defeat the initiative and to support the tax levy.
In Abood, the United States Supreme Court held that a state could not, consistent with the First Amendment, force public employees to finance the ideological activities of the union that represented them, if those ideological activities were not "germane" to the duties of the union as their collective bargaining representative. However, public employees can be compelled to support the ideological activities of their union if those activities are germane to the duties of the union as their collective bargaining representative. The taxpayers in the Lash case argued that a city violates the First Amendment whenever it expends taxpayer funds to support or oppose any political or ideological matter regardless whether the particular issue is germane to the purposes of the municipality. The Federal District Court rejected the taxpayers' argument that all governmental spending on political or ideological issues violates the First Amendment, but applied the Abood holding in determining whether the City acted appropriately in spending public funds to promote its positions in the two elections. The Court concluded that the City properly expended public funds to support the tax levy because it was "unquestionably germane to the role of the elected officials of the City:"
"Placing of the May, 1998 tax levy on the ballot was unquestionably germane to the role of the elected officials of the City of Union, as was the use of public funds to support its passage. That levy was for the purpose of raising funds to pay for fire protection and EMS and, thus, to provide protection to the residents of that community. This Court can conceive of few matters more germane to the fundamental function of local government than providing for the safety and protection of its citizens. Therefore, the Court concludes that the expenditure of funds for this purpose, a portion of which the plaintiffs were compelled to contribute through taxation, did not violate the Free Speech Clause."[17]
The Court also relied on the rationale of Alabama Libertarian Party v. Birmingham,[18] which upheld a city's use of public funds to support the passage of a bond issue which raised funds for public libraries and increased the tax for enhanced 911 service. The Birmingham Court noted that because the cause was "consistent with the common need of its citizens" and did not "require the plaintiffs to be the courier for an ideological or political message," the funds could be expended:
"This was not a case where municipal funds were used to support a particular candidate, doctrine or ideology. Rather, the City merely solicited its citizens to provide funds to supply perceived needs common to all. The City and its officials not only have the right, but the duty, to determine the needs of its citizens and to provide funds to service those needs. The funds must come from some source. The City officials are charged with the responsibility of providing those funds by some means. If they cannot directly tax through ordinance, they have the incidental right to solicit the votes of citizens to provide those means. The City officials had already taken, through passage of ordinances, public positions on the issues. The advertisements do no more than to publicize the positions they have previously taken."[19]
While the Lash Court approved the use of funds to support the tax levy, it did not approve the use of funds to defeat a citizen sponsored initiative that challenged the City's decision to create a fire district because the matter was not "germane" to the functioning of the municipality:
"[The] citizen initiative arose out of the [Council's] decision to withdraw from the joint fire district. The Plaintiffs, disagreeing with that decision, managed to get the issue placed on the ballot. The City . . . the very entity of government that would have been affected by that initiative, expended public funds to defeat it. However, that initiative, unlike the 1998 tax levy, did not address the issue of whether and at what level fire protection and EMS, matters germane to the functioning of a municipality, would be funded; rather, the issue facing the voters was how those services would be provided, to wit: through membership in the joint fire district that had existed for 50 years, or otherwise. It was not germane to the purposes for which the City . . . exists to expend funds . . . to finance the City's efforts to defeat an initiative proposal by some of those taxpayers, raising the issue of the entity by which those services would be provided the citizens of the community."[20]
The Court also relied on the holding in Mountain States Legal Foundation v. Denver School District,[21] wherein the Federal District Court granted a preliminary injunction to prevent a school district from expending funds to defeat a citizen sponsored initiative to amend the Colorado Constitution.[22]
Finally, in Cook v. Baca,[23] the Court relied upon the Birmingham
case to reject taxpayers' claims that the First Amendment bars a mayor from placing a message in citizens' water utility bills supporting a tax increase to repair streets. The Court also found persuasive dicta in a recent United States Supreme Court case addressing the First Amendment implications of mandatory student activity fees:[24]
"[I]t is inevitable that government will adopt and pursue programs and policies within its constitutional powers but which nevertheless are contrary to the profound beliefs and sincere convictions of some of its citizens. The government, as a general rule, may support valid programs and policies by taxes or other exactions binding on protesting parties. Within this broader principle it seems inevitable that funds raised by the government will be spent for speech and other expression to advocate and defend its own policies."[25]
Because of the dearth of Kansas appellate court guidance, it is difficult to speculate whether courts, in the absence of statute, would follow a bright line rule prohibiting the use of public funds to advocate on a matter before the electorate or would follow the rationale of the more recent cases that focus on whether the matter before the electorate is "germane" to the "fundamental function" of the governmental entity at issue. Determining what is germane and whether the publically funded support forces the protesting taxpayers to be "couriers for an ideological or political message" will depend upon the facts and notions of what are "fundamental" functions of the governmental entity.
Tossed into the mix is the "public purpose doctrine" which gives great deference to governmental bodies in deciding how funds are spent.[26]
However, that discretion can be curtailed when the governing body's action is "clearly evasive or violative of a constitutional provision."[27]
Given the penalties for misuse of public funds,[28] the uncertainty with how Kansas courts would address the use of public funds to advocate a position in a matter before the electorate and the necessity of making factual determinations, we are unable to opine regarding the propriety of the FEDC's contribution to the advocacy group in question.
Very truly yours,
CARLA J. STOVALL Attorney General of Kansas
Mary Feighny Assistant Attorney General
Steve Phillips Assistant Attorney General
(Or. 1985); Anderson v. City of Boston, 380 N.E.2d 628 (Mass. 1978) Mountain States Legal Foundation v. Denver, 459 F. Supp. 357 (D.Colo. 1978); District of Columbia Common Cause v. District of Columbia, 858 F.2d 1 (D.C. Cir. 1988); Stern v. Kramarsky, 375 N.Y.S.2d 235 (1975) Citizens to Protect Public Funds v. Board of Education, 98 A.2d 673
(D.Colo. 1978); Putter v. Montpelier Public School System, 697 A.2d 354, 358 (Vt. 1997); Carter v. City of Las Cruces, 915 P.2d 336 (N.M. 1996).


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Okay… Peppermint-Filled Pinatas is a GREAT BOOK!!! My friend Eric Bryant (one of our blog contributors) hit it out the park with this! Personally, it was right on time for me… and, practically, he nailed it: you cannot read this book and come away without understanding the importance of "loving your neighbor"… a must-read for all Christ-followers!
The book is an easy read… it's humorous, engaging, and – most of all – convicting. If you read it with a heart to learn, you will definitely come away assessing your own commitment to seeing people the way Jesus did (does), and have a greater desire to – not simply tolerate those who are different from us – but love them and serve them in the midst of relationship… which is something we must learn to do as Christ-followers. We have to learn how to hone the skill of developing relationships. As Eric says, "The most effective apologetic [in reaching people for Christ] is love."
Here are some other great tidbits from the book:
– "Our isolation from the world fails to communicate God's concern for those around us but instead communicates that we do not want others in our lives who do not know Christ."
– "The early church may have met in homes and hung out near the temple, but they also lived in the community and shared their lives with others who were not yet part of the Way. Too often we require others to come to us to find God rather than allowing what God does among us to spill over into the lives of those who have not been with us in that 'one place.'"
– "In our attempts to become holy or 'set apart,' we have mistaken a call for 'living with a different standard' with 'living in a different place that has a different standard.'"
– "We think others are willing to connect with us, even though what we offer is cheap and unsatisfying. We offer peppermints, when the world wants Gobstoppers, Airheads, and Resse's Peanut Butter Cups. We offer something sweet to believe; they want a new life that helps change the world."
– "The majority of Jesus' most important moments in his ministry involved places away from the temple."
– "Jesus led the greatest small group in history because he was more than a Bible study leader or prayer group facilitator. Jesus was a revolutionary."
– "People long to be part of something important… Connecting to a cause rather than building convictions within people seems to have longer lasting effects."
– "Stereotypes exist because we do not form friendships with others who differ from us."
– "Too often the church falls into a dangerous mind-set. We like to help people, just as long as they don't get too close. We may partner with churches of different ethnicities, yet we work together for a short time and from a distance."
Darren Plummer
Mosaic Church, DC

subset: commoncrawl


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🧧 Our Lunar New Year LUCKY dip is BACK!
Tamari soy, reduced with premium Japanese bonito and infused with fresh yuzu juice and local lemon myrtle.
Pour this this light and delicious ponzu over freshly shucked oysters, pair with sake-steamed vegetables, or serve as a dipping sauce to steak, sashimi or tempura. Use 1:1 with premium olive oil for the perfect vinaigrette.
Gluten free. Preservative free.
Made in Australia from local and imported ingredients | Ingredients: Soy, Rice Syrup, Yuzu (20%), Rice Vinegar, Lime, Bonito, Lemon Myrtle (0.8%) | Contains soy and bonito | Store in cool dry place. Shake well before use. Refrigerate after opening.


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KARACHI: A local court granted on Thursday interim bail to the cleric who solemnized the wedding of Arzoo Masih, an underage Christian girl who was allegedly abducted and forced to convert before being married to a man over 40 years ...Read More »
Category Archives: Social IssuesFeed Subscription
'Husband' remanded in jail in Christian girl's conversion, marriage case
KARACHI: A local court on Thursday remanded in judicial custody a suspect detained in a case pertaining to alleged abduction of a teenage Christian girl, who has purportedly converted to Islam. Police claimed to have booked her 'husband' Syed Ali ...Read More »
Non-bailable warrant out against cleric for performing 'underage marriage'
KARACHI: A judicial magistrate on Tuesday issued non-bailable warrant for the arrest of a cleric, who is allegedly absconding in a case pertaining to solemnizing marriage of an underage Christian girl after she reportedly forcibly converted to Islam. Qazi Mufti ...Read More »
SHC tells police to proceed against man for marrying 16-year-old girl
The Sindh High Court (SHC) on Wednesday directed a police investigation officer to proceed against a man under the Sindh Child Marriage Restraint Act for marrying a 16-year-old girl, Fauzia. The direction came on the petition of Fauzia who sought ...Read More »
Warrants reissued for arrest of cleric, others in underage marriage case
KARACHI: A judicial magistrate has re-issued warrants for the arrest of a cleric and four others in a case pertaining to the marriage of an underage Christian girl, who was allegedly abducted and raped after being forcibly converted to Islam. ...Read More »


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And one more thing I have not noticed earlier.
This piece obviously uses P-21/22/27 missile system, so the concern about upgrading with AD is valid IMO.
This is how 3M82 version looks like.
But there is a catch.
When we are talking SSN-2 Styx, we should be aware of the fact, that the name is misleading.
The very same tubes can host P-15, P-15M, P-21. P-22 or P-27 missiles. You can't distinguish.
From P-15M, the missile has increased range, a flight path lowered to 25m, and you can have it with either IR or AR seeker. Till today, the missile is being in production in China as a Silkworm. The missile has a very potent warhead and can be effectively used against any transport vessel, land target, or any less potent naval threat.
I will surprise you, but a long time ago, when PN introduced the very first OHP frigate, they checked the new skills and potential and figured out that ... no PN ship can fight P-21 another way than AK630 at the final approach. SM1 turned to be just the same useless.


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5787 West Pride Port Hudson Road Slaughter, La 70777
Business Hours
Mon - Friday
8:00am - 4:30pm
Closed Saturday & Sunday
ColorPrint Easy is the easiest weeding print and cut material ever! Compatible with eco-solvent and solvent based printers/cutters ColorPrint Easy is just what the name says- EASY! Simply print and cut your design, weed the excess with ease, and mask. You say you hate masking because of all the pressure you have to apply to get the design to transfer to the mask? With the help of a Siser squeegee ColorPrint Easy transfers smoothly to the mask with little effort. Peeling the carrier is a snap too! ColorPrint Easy applies at only 300° F, which gives you the ability to apply to special materials that require a lower application temperature. Please note that ColorPrint Easy is NOT compatible with Latex inks.ColorPrint Easy is approximately 80 microns/5.3 Mils and is a PVC composition
Not compatible with Inkjet or toner based printers/copiers.
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Our Company History....
At least five times a day, we are asked why our company is named "DENVER" Sign Supply Co., Inc. No, we are not located in Denver, Colorado, and there is no Mr. or Mrs. Denver!
Our Company is named after a small, rural, 60-year-old west Texas town of about 5,000 people. The town is Denver City, and it is located about 80 miles southwest of Lubbock, 80 miles north/northwest of Midland, and about 40 miles north/northeast of Hobbs, New Mexico. Oil was discovered in 1939, and Denver City, born as an oil boomtown, was named after the old Denver Producing and Refining Company, which WAS headquartered in Denver, Colorado. Now that you know where Denver City, Texas is located, you also know where the benchmark "West Texas Intermediate Crude" comes from to this very day!
Larry M. Powenski, (president of Denver Sign Supply) was born and raised in Denver City, but left in 1970 through an oil field transfer and also to attend LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. (For a location reference, we are located about 9 miles north of Baton Rouge).
When the company was founded in 1977, a name was needed that was easy to remember, spell, pronounce, and also meant something to the owners. Since we held good memories of Denver City, it was decided that we would name our company after the town. And, yes, we do still subscribe to the hometown newspaper, THE DENVER CITY PRESS!
The Denver City area is rich in oil and natural gas, and is now the center of the world's largest CO-2 project. Denver City is known for it's rich history in ranching and also for cotton, peanut, chili pepper and watermelon farming. It is an area where honesty and hard work are the rules rather than the exceptions. We are proud of our company name and the town it is named after, and we visit the area as often as possible.
5787 West Pride Port Hudson Road Slaughter, La 70777
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Exipure Review – What Are the Ingredients in Exipure?
One bottle of Exipure provides thirty doses for one person. You can purchase the supplement in three to six bottles. You can save money by purchasing more than one bottle and receive bonus items. Learn more about the ingredients in this supplement. It contains Amun cork bark and Perilla frutescens. Here's a closer look at each. It contains all of the key nutrients your body needs to be healthy.
Amun cork bark
Amun cork bark contains many health benefits. It lowers blood sugar and cholesterol, lowers blood pressure, and improves digestion. Additionally, it has calming effects on anxiety symptoms and keeps the heart and liver healthy. Exipure uses amun bark bark in its weight loss products. It's also a natural anti-inflammatory agent. It can be used as a supplement to help you lose weight.
This tree's extract contains powerful antioxidants that lower triglycerides as well as increase the production of high-density cholesterol. This plant also improves your digestive system, protects your heart, and reduces fatigue. It can also improve your overall health and be used as a supplement every day. Exipure is made up of extracts from the Amur cork tree.
It has many health benefits, including weight loss and overall well-being. It reduces stress, which is a major reason for unexplained weight gains. Another natural compound that bees produce is propolis. It supports the liver. It also increases the production of brown tissue and improves the blood sugar level. Using the supplement, you can expect to see great results in no time. If you aren't sure if Exipure suits you, you can try it and see if there is a significant improvement.
Amur cork bark also has a high-quality source antioxidants that reduce the harmful effects caused by free radicals. Free radicals can be harmful to the body and prevent fat from being used for energy or eliminated from the body. Amur cork bark can also prevent weight gain by reducing the production of free radicals. It also improves your immune system and slows down the aging process.
Amur cork bark, a powerful natural substance, has a number of health benefits. It has been used as a treatment for bacterial infections, high blood pressure, diabetes, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. It also helps reduce weight by forming brown adipose tissue. Exipure is a natural weight-loss supplement that contains both amun and other cork bark.
Amun cork bark is rich in an amino acid called Amygdalin. Exipure raises brown sugar levels, which is a vitally important dietary factor for burning stubborn belly fat. Drs. James Wilkins and Lam developed Exipure and it is vegetarian-friendly. It contains no soy, artificial colors, preservatives, and antibiotics. It has also undergone purity testing to ensure its safety and efficacy.
Perilla frutescens
Perilla frutescens exilis has a lot of health benefits. This herb contains alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a compound that has been associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk and stroke. It is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which help in weight loss and regulation of brown adipose tissue levels. In addition, ALA in perilla leaf extracts imparts potent antioxidant properties to the body, which protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.
Exipure's other key ingredient, Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract, is also derived from a biodiverse Island off the coast Vietnam. Its ingredients support healthy cholesterol levels and BAT levels, which is essential for brain health. They are also effective anti-inflammatory and anorexigenic, which helps prevent inflammation and promote brain health. In addition to its antioxidant and anorexigenic properties, Perilla leaf extract helps reduce stress and improve mood.
BAT is another powerful ingredient found in perilla leafs. BAT is known to stimulate weight loss and stop fat gain. Combined with other natural ingredients, it can also boost energy levels. Exipure also includes kudzu root extract, propolis and holy basil. It also contains kudzu root extract, kudzu roots, propolis, holy Basil, white Korean Ginseng, amur cork bark and quercetin. All these ingredients originate from Cat Ba Island, a tropical island off the coast of Vietnam. Another reason for its popularity is its unique biodiverse environment.
Perilla frutescens exilis is a major crop species from Asia. Perilla frutescens extract enhances BAT levels and supports brain wellbeing. Furthermore, it reduces bloating, relieves nausea, and improves liver and heart health. It also contains Quercetin, which is a polyphenol that has been shown to increase brown adipose tissues.
Exipure balances the levels of Brown Adipose Tissue, which is responsible most of the body's excess fat. Exipure's makers believe that low BAT ratios are a primary reason for people to gain weight, and therefore it targets these fat cells. The supplement also helps to support a healthy triglyceride metabolism.
Extracts from the Amur Cork Bark Plant are effective in reducing triglycerides as well as increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Its antioxidant properties reduce fat storage and reduce fatigue. Basil is a great herb for a healthy lifestyle due to its antioxidant properties. White Korean Ginseng is another major ingredient. This herb has thermogenic properties, which means it helps the body generate heat. Every human body goes through this process when the body requires heat.
Oleuropein, also known by olea europaea is a powerful fat-burning agent. It promotes the production of brown adipose tissue and thus increases metabolism. It is anti-inflammatory and can even prevent cancer. In addition, it has several other health benefits. Exipure can be taken in capsules for easy consumption. It also contains no synthetic chemicals or elements.
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This supplement also has a non-GMO certification. This ensures that you won't be exposed to genetically modified substances. This is a good sign, as genetically modified substances can have negative effects on consumers. These supplements also contain natural ingredients which can detoxify your body. You won't feel hunger pangs as much and you won't overeat. You can also avoid excess calories by taking Exipure.
Kudzu is a powerful antioxidant, and has been found to improve cholesterol and BAT levels. It is also known to relieve body pain and promote healthy cholesterol levels. This supplement can also increase the production of brown fat. Both men and women can benefit from this ingredient. The benefits of the ingredient in weight management and heart health was reviewed in Nature.
Exipure also contains Bioperine, which has anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to stabilize blood sugar and reduce inflammation. Holy basil, which is a common ingredient in many weight-loss supplements, is included in the formula. It has similar benefits to Kudzu, but it is more effective when combined with other ingredients in a weight-loss product. It is best to choose an effective supplement that contains several of these ingredients.
If you are looking for a high-quality supplement, Exipure Canada may be for you. The product is available online and in stores in Australia and the United Kingdom, but it is so popular that inventories are quickly running out. Multiple bottles can be purchased at once to reduce delivery costs and lower prices. So, if you are interested in this fat-burning supplement, do not wait. You can benefit from its high-quality ingredients in a safe, convenient weight loss supplement.
Exipure is a weight loss supplement that targets the body's Brown Adipose Tissue, a type adipose tissues. Researchers have investigated the role of BAT in controlling body weight. It has been shown that it can increase metabolic rates, regulate blood pressure, balance cognitive functions and control excess calories. It has also been clinically proven that it can reduce appetite and suppress hunger.


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Smartypants Engineer Guy Says Circular Runways Are Better Than Straight Ones
Take a minute and wrap your head around this
Sit down for this.
A circular runway might be the best sort of airport runway.
It sounds ridiculous. Like saying pie is the best sort of breakfast. But of course, pie is the best sort of breakfast, depending on how you want to optimize your breakfasts. (Your correspondent's primary criterion is sugary deliciousness.)
Here's how it breaks down for Dutch engineer Henk Hesselink:
Pilots like to land into a headwind. Crosswinds, they're not so excited about. Now imagine a traditional, straight runway: there's probably wind. It's probably blowing from a particular direction — but the runway's not moving. Which means that whether the wind is a headwind or a crosswind or a whatever-wind can only be finessed so much.
Now imagine a circular runway: the pilot can choose from a range of approaches — and thus, he's allowed some degree of flexibility in positioning his plane relative to those winds. Perhaps a crosswind becomes a headwind.
Also, Hesselink notes, no more worrying about overshooting the runway … since you'll be going in a circle. Also, he thinks, multiple aircraft could land on a single runway more or less simultaneously — meaning a single circular runway could have the same landing capacity as four traditional runways.
Sounds weird. But: What out-of-the-box idea have you had today?
For more travel news, tips and inspo, sign up for InsideHook's weekly travel newsletter, The Journey.
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Helios Travel AgencyLeading you to your next destination!
Start and end in Tehran! With the sightseeing tour of Persian Gulf Journey, you have a 14-day tour package taking you through Tehran, and 6 other destinations in Iran.
Tehran – Kashan – Abyaneh – Isfahan – Yazd – Shiraz – Qeshm – Shiraz or Tehran
Please Notice That:
Besides our recommended itineraries, It is possible to arrange the best and more favorable itinerary for you based on your time and also, if you need to change any part of the itineraries, feel free to customize them now!
Departure Time
Dress Code
Welcome to Tehran, Iran. You will be greeted and transferred by your guide to your hotel. After having some rest, your Half day tour will be started to visit Iran National Museum, Treasury of National Jewels, Tehran Grand Bazaar, and Golestan Palace Complex.
You leave Tehran to Kashan, you can visit either Imam Khomeini shrine or Fatima shrine in Qom, the Vatican of Iran. On arrival in Kashan and check-in hotel, you will visit one of the best samples of Persian World Heritage gardens, Fin Garden.
After breakfast, you visit Tabatabaei Historical House, Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse, and Agha Bozorg Mosque. Now you leave Kashan to visit reddish village Abyaneh, a small and ancient village in the mountains, where some inhabitants still wear traditional clothes. Here, you will experience traditional Iranian lifestyle.
After having breakfast, you say goodbye to this beautiful village and heading to wonderful Isfahan. After check-in hotel in Isfahan, you will visit the Vank Armenian church and Jolfa area.
Today you will visit most of the main attractions of Isfahan including the monuments surrounding vast Naqhsh-e Jahan Square (UNESCO World Heritage) including Ali Qapu Pavilion, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Abbasi Mosque and the monumental entrance to Qeysarie Bazaar and Chehelsotoon palace as well.
Leave Isfahan and on your way to Yazd, you will stop in Nain visiting oldest Grand Mosques in Iran; Jame Mosque of Naein or Narin castle in Meybod. On arrival in Yazd, you will visit Dowlatabad garden.
Today you have a full-day tour in Yazd to visit Atashkadeh (Fire Temple), Dakhmeh Zartoshtian (Towers of Silence), Amir Chaqmaq Complex, and Jame Mosque.
You are going to beautiful shiraz, and visit the Achaemenes founder (Cyrus The Great) tomb and his palaces in Pasargadae.
Today after breakfast, start your morning by wandering in Eram garden and then you will have an excursion to "Persepolis" the Achaemenid Capital and "Naqsh-e Rustam" the necropolis of the Achaemenid dynasty.
before your evening flight to Qeshm, you will visit Zandiyeh complex including Arg-e Karimkhan (Citadel), Hamam-e Vakil (Public Bath), and Vakil Bazaar.
Welcome to Qeshm, the largest island in the Persian Gulf, with biologically diverse mangrove forests, attractive beaches, and 60 Bandari villages. Its sun-scorched interior features geologically significant canyons, hills, caves, and valleys, most of which are protected as part of the Unesco-recognised Qeshm Island Geopark – bliss for nature-lovers. During this beach tour, you will experience the fantastic attractions of Hormoz Island, Stars Valley, and Hara Forest.
Today you will visit Hengan Island and Khourbas Cave, and enjoy your meal in a fishing village or perhaps in a small traditional restaurant.
After Breakfast, you will have a flight to Shiraz or Tehran depending on your departure.
You will be transferred to Int'l Airport for departure
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A historic former church school on Milwaukee's east side could be redeveloped as a hotel, housing and an events venue
A historic former church school on Milwaukee's east side could be redeveloped as a hotel, housing and events venue under new zoning recommended by the city Plan Commission.
The three-story building, 2480 N. Cramer St., formerly housed the East Side Youth and Child Ministry of Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church.
The building was constructed as a church school in 1912 with a gothic revival design, according to the Wisconsin Historical Society.
Wauwatosa-based Matter Development plans to buy and redevelop the building, owner Aaron Matter said at Monday's Plan Commission hearing.
The renovation would be costly and complex, and could be financed in part with state and federal historic preservation tax credits, he said.
The zoning change, which needs Common Council approval, would give Matter Development flexibility in redeveloping the building.
One scenario envisions 30 apartments, ranging from studios to two-bedroom units, Matter said. The former school auditorium could be used as gathering space for residents.
Another possibility would be a boutique hotel with the auditorium used for weddings and other events.
That could include wedding parties booking the entire building, including the hotel rooms, Matter said.
"It's a unique concept," he said.
Finally, the building could be converted into an "arts collective," with offices for nonprofit arts groups, live-work apartments for artists and the auditorium for performances and other events, Matter said.
He said the development also could blend those concepts.
The redevelopment plans include valet parking as well as shared parking on the block, which includes Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church, and the historic convent building on East Murray Avenue. Those buildings would continue to be owned by the parish.
Some nearby residents are concerned about whether parking would be adequate, said Ald. Nik Kovac, whose district includes the building.
Granting zoning flexibility to Matter Development could help prevent a possible demolition of the building if redevelopment doesn't proceed, Kovac said
Tom Daykin can be emailed at firstname.lastname@example.com and followed on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook.


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Magic In Your Mind Review 2021: Introduction
Magic in your Mind is something when you get to comprehend to use your mind over your body, and keeping your account limited at all is the largest challenge for humans.
We have been offered some phenomenal mental strength, and also a lot of people do not also understand to use even one percent of their total amount. If you are familiar with the precise and also most extensive method to share on your own by eating a little bit of your added mind, there will be an outstanding adjustment in you.
Conscious your Sixth Organ
You as a human are one of the most lovely animals of this world, you are presently running on a system of five feeling organs, once you're begun understanding as well as utilizing a second sight body organ, you will certainly see the metamorphosis.
This 6th body organ is not until now from you, it is within you, yet the only demand is to identify it and also start working appropriately. The intuition is not an impression in any way, it exists, as well as individuals that use their sixth sense organ see the world with some distinct method.
Most Beautiful Almighty Creation
The Creator has actually offered all of us the very same power to manage the difficulty, however, some individuals do not identify this toughness of their psyche, as well as such people, obtain terrified very quickly from the little obstacles in their path.
Those who recognize the power of their psyche are always tranquil and also restrained. The human mind is certainly very fickle. Its speed is faster than electrical power.
Read Detailed Magic in Your Mind Review Here.
Concerning Magic in Your Mind
Magic in your Mind is something that produces genuine you out of you. It is crucial to know that genuine stamina of on your own.
For this, Guidance is one of the most vital to enhance self-sufficiency. Uninterest below does not indicate abandoning the householder's life, yet taking on saints like conduct also while in the family. Still, we can likewise offer and also assist others only if we have the power as well as the capability to do all this.
As a result, it is important that we allow ourselves initially. During the flight, during the security details, it is informed that you ought to first use your oxygen mask when the air pressure is reduced in an unexpected scenario.
Intuition awakening
It establishes a person's ability to explore the future. The fact of the event can be determined by entering into the past. The concept of what is taking place in your mind is disclosed literally. Being in one location, information concerning any place in the world can be gotten presently.
Absolutely nothing can be concealed from the sixth person, and also the opportunities of developing its capabilities are limitless. This Indri prepares to help you in every method, provided you are committed to it. It can recognize one's previous and also future.
Way of thinking
When Virat Kohli was asked at which level he utilized to exercise as well as where he dedicated his time, he had a fantastic answer: if I provide my 5% time to hard work in the fitness center, after that I spend my 95% time to sharp my psychological toughness.
The effect of Mindset is huge in our life; it is the method we assume. We need to constantly think positive points, to ensure that good thoughts involve our mind, and also we relocate towards kindness.
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Conclusion: Magic in Your Mind Review 2021
They should inform individuals of some method through which common, as well as extraordinary individuals, can improve themselves. Darkness right here refers to the darkness that pervades our inner self.
The mindsets, needs, problems in us are the darkness within us. Getting rid of darkness ought to be the primary purpose of real knowledge, exactly how we stir up, exactly how to produce it, and also just how to advance the powers within our psyche.


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IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.
In loving memory of Elizabeth Morgans , 1912
- Title(s):
In loving memory of Elizabeth Morgans : the beloved wife of Howell Morgans, Jeweller, Park House, Blaengarw : who departed this life, March 8th, 1912 : aged 54 years : interred at Pontcymmer Cemetery.
- Published/Created:
- [Wales] : J. Howell Davies, Dyfed Printing Works, Blaengarw, 1912.
- Physical Description:
- 1 folded card : photograph ; 80 x 120 mm
- Holdings:
- Rare Books and ManuscriptsGT3390 .M673 1912 BoxYale Center for British Art, Friends of British Art FundView by request in the Study Room [Request]
Note: The Study Room is open by appointment. Please visit the Study Room page on our website for more details.
- Copyright Status:
- Copyright Not Evaluated
- Full Orbis Record:
- http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/13006140
- Notes:
- Memorial card for Elizabeth Morgans with photograph of the deceased along with poem. Text within silver and block border. "In loving memory" on front cover with botanical illustrations.
- Subject Terms:
- Death.Great Britain -- Social life and customs.Grief.Morgans, Elizabeth, 1847 or 1848-1912.Mourning customs -- Great Britain.Photography -- Great Britain -- 19th century
- Form/Genre:
- Photographs.
Memorials (Commemorative)
Memorial cards.
- Export:
If you have information about this object that may be of assistance please contact us.


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Sweet cinnamon sugar cookies topped with sliced almonds to make adorable little beach sand dollars!
- 1/2 cup (115g) unsalted butter, softened to room temperature
- 3/4 cup (150g) granulated sugar
- 1 large egg, at room temperature
- 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
- 1 and 1/2 cups (188g) all-purpose flour (spoon & leveled)
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 teaspoon cream of tartar
- 1/4 cup (50g) granulated sugar
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 cup sliced almonds
- In a large bowl using a hand-held mixer or stand mixer with paddle attachment, cream the softened butter for about 1 minute on medium speed. Get it nice and smooth, then add the sugar on medium speed until fluffy and light in color. Mix in egg and vanilla. Scrape down the sides as needed. Set aside.
- In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, salt, baking powder, baking soda, and cream of tartar. With the mixer running on low speed, slowly add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients in 3 different parts. The dough is quite thick and you may have to stir the rest by hand.
- Scoop a large sections of dough (about 1 Tablespoon of dough each) and roll into balls. Make sure the balls are taller, rather than wide.
- Make the topping: Mix the sugar and cinnamon together in a small bowl. Roll each dough ball into the cinnamon sugar. Press 5 sliced almonds onto the tops of each dough ball, as pictured above. Chill the balls of dough for at least 2 hours and up to 48 hours in the refrigerator. This step will prevent spreading in the oven.
- Preheat oven to 350°F (177°C). Line 2 large baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats. (Always recommended for cookies.) Arrange cookies 3 inches apart on baking sheets.
- Bake chilled cookie dough for 10 minutes. The cookies will appear undone and very soft. Allow the cookies to cool on the baking sheets for 3 minutes and move to wire rack to cool completely.
- Cookies stay soft & fresh for up to 1 week at room temperature.
- Freezing Instructions: Cookies freeze well. Cookies may be rolled into balls and frozen up to 3 months to bake at a later date. Read my tips and tricks on how to freeze cookie dough.
- Larger Batch: Recipe can easily be doubled or tripled.
- Be sure to check out my top 5 cookie baking tips AND these are my 10 must-have cookie baking tools.
Keywords: sand dollar cookies


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Caring For Water Turtles
26 Oct 2018 10:01
They are a bit heavier than other carbon fiber trekking poles, tipping the scales at about 17 ounces each and every. That is simply because hidden away inside the PurTrek is an advanced water purification program that can reportedly eradicate 99.99 % of all waterborne bacteria, protozoa, and please Click The following website micro plastics. As if that wasn't adequate, please click the following website the filter is stated to be two or three occasions faster than other purifiers on the market, enabling backpackers to fill their water bottles and hydration reservoirs at a much faster rate. The designers behind the poles say the filter can also clean up to 500 liters of water just before it wants to be replaced. In most situations, red filters are employed for blue and tropical waters, while magenta filters are employed for green waters. Secondly, depending on the depth of your intended dive, there are a number of filters of various intensity to select from. Low intensity filters are appropriate for shallow waters (snorkelling) whereas higher intensity filters should be utilized for deep waters (diving).Cleaning a water cooler is fairly straightforward, and so is sanitizing. Just replace the vinegar in your answer with half a teaspoon of bleach. But be really cautious! Do not let the answer in the tank for much more than five minutes, and if your dispenser is equipped with a hot water faucet you need to plug it off (with a little cork normally provided by your water delivery organization) and by no means use it to drain the bleach answer from the tank. Usually rinse thoroughly with clean water prior to replacing the bottle.Reverse osmosis filters take away inorganic contaminants such as arsenic and nitrates. They are incredibly water-inefficient, so use only if you know the water is contaminated with a chemical carbon does not filter out. Following you have completed cleaning the water tank inside-out, you can reconnect the RO tank to the water line, tighten the nuts and turn on the water supply.When food sticks to the bottom of a pot, it can take a lot more than a bit of elbow grease to take away it. But not also significantly more. With our all-natural ideas for your food-stuck pots, cleaning up will be a breeze. The most critical thing to bear in mind is not to let the pot sit. Commence working on it appropriate away, or if you happen to be sitting down to dinner, fill it up with water and soak it till you're ready to stick to one of our greatest-ever procedures beneath.Warning: No matter whether you used a special RO sanitising substance or a house-produced solution, your water tank could contain traces of it, so it's not advisable to consume RO water quickly following a sanitising process. Use the first handful of gallons following the sanitising process for household cleaning just to be on the safe side. For ultimate security, use only non-toxic and organic sanitising options.As much as we hate doing laundry, most of us can't picture life with no a washing machine. If you are pondering about acquiring a 1st pet for the children selecting some colourful fish could be the perfect resolution. Fish are quite low-maintenance, but they nonetheless need taking care of which means preserving the clarity of the water so they have a nice environment to swim about in. It really is not that difficult to hold the water clean and avoid it from turning also murky, it just implies setting up a excellent quality filter that you regularly clean and to preserve on leading of any algae growth which can truly spoil the effect and clarity of the water. Fish tanks must never be placed also close to a window either and any artificial light should only be turned on for please click the following website a maximum of 12 hours a day since light accelerates algae growth making it tougher to preserve factors under handle.If you have any inquiries concerning where by and how to use please click the following website, you can get in touch with us at our own internet site. Make cloudy water clear again by pouring it through a coffee filter. Get a round, cup-shaped coffee filter and turn it upside down so that it fits over a cup like a lid. Wrap a rubber band about the coffee filter to preserve it in spot. Slowly pour the cloudy water over the coffee filter. Boil the water afterwards to make it drinkable.Yes. Without the activated carbon, the bacteria and chemical compounds in please click the following website water will not be filtered out. And Liquid Eden, a water retailer that opened in San Diego three years ago, provides a selection of options, such as fluoride-free of charge, chlorine-free of charge and a mineral electrolyte alkaline" drinking water that goes for $2.50 a gallon. As much as we hate performing laundry, most of us cannot picture life with no a washing machine. Sand filter is running at unusually higher pressures- This can be due to clogged mineral deposits that will not backwash away, clogging the sandbed. Refer to the manufacturer's backwashing instructions, backwash, and adjust the sand a lot more usually. It is possible that you may have to clean your program with unique filter cleaner. Your pump may also be as well modest, hindering the flow for backwashing. Repair this by checking the output of the pump to make positive it is equal to your filter's flow price. If you find the pump is also tiny, replace it.
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Pearl dangle Gold plated Anklets
Pearl dangle Gold plated Anklets
Sale Sold out
Regular price $11.00 USD
Regular priceUnit price per
Sale price
Gold plated faux pearl bead dangling Indian Anklets.
Anklet length: 10.8 inches.
Ghunghru bead doesn't raise sound when worn.
Please allow some variation in color.
Base material is made of copper alloy.
Anklet comes as a pair.


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Competencies for Medical School Sucess
The current version of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) has been in use since 1991. As part of a significant redesign effort responsive to changes in biomedical sciences, medical education and health care delivery systems, premedical students will experience a new version of the MCAT starting in 2015.
The current MCAT has four sections: Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Verbal Reasoning and a Writing Sample. The sections of the new MCAT will be Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems; Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems; Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior; and Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills. The MCAT will continue to be a significant indicator of an applicant's academic competency for medical school.
Another fundamental change that will impact medical school admissions comes from the efforts of a national consensus group to delineate the personal competencies believed to be important for matriculating medical students. Through an iterative process involving multiple surveys of medical school personnel, a list of over 70 characteristics was reduced to nine key personal competencies that have been linked to behaviors associated with success in medical school. The list below shows the nine key personal attributes of premedical students as well as the mean ratings of importance to entering students' success in medical school:
While this list provides direction for medical schools looking to better understand the competencies of their matriculants, there are many limitations in the assessment tools currently available. More information about these competencies and the state-of-the-art of competency assessment is available in the working group report. This report provides a foundation for moving forward in defining core personal competencies and makes evident the opportunities for research and development around assessing personal competencies. CHM has been implementing changes to our admissions process that are consistent with this national dialog and intended to help us make better decisions about applicants in terms of their potential for success and potential for a career that embodies the CHM mission.
A word on professionalism...
Academic Medicine is currently offering a free e-book, Professionalism in Medicine and Medical Education: Foundational Research and Key Writings, 1994-2010. This e-book is available for iPad, Nook, Kindle or Sony. Visit http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/pages/default.aspx and scroll down to the Free Academic Medicine eBooks heading.
Brian Mavis, PhDAssociate Professor and DirectorOffice of Medical Education Research and DevelopmentCollege of Human Medicine
OMERAD and its Advisory Board are in the process of creating a website for faculty development in teaching. This new website--called CHM Educator--will be a repository for tutorials, files and links to material for CHM faculty, both classroom and community.
These materials include topics such as:
The website is being developed in several phases over the next few years. In Phase 1 we will construct the website and provide links to existing materials. In Phase 2 we will add materials of our own creation, and in Phase 3 we will revise the list of materials and add materials to support the new curriculum.
If you would like to nominate materials to be included on the website, please contact Debby Sleight at [email protected] or 517-353-9656 ext. 229. Materials must be easily accessible and either copyright-free or with permission to use.
We expect the website to be up at the beginning of Fall 2013. We will send out an announcement of the link at that time. Please stay tuned!
The Central Group on Educational Affairs (CGEA) is one of four regions that comprise the national Group on Educational Affairs of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The membership of the CGEA includes medical schools located in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, as well as two Canadian schools. Each year, the CGEA hosts a spring conference to provide a forum for discussion of issues facing medical educators and to share resources, innovations and scholarly collaborations.
The 2013 CGEA meeting was held a few weeks ago in Cincinnati, with over 200 attendees representing 28 midwest medical schools as well as 11 schools and organizations elsewhere in the country. CHM was well-represented at the meeting, with 14 attendees participating in 13 different conference activities covering a wide range of issues.
RBT was originally offered as a train-the-trainer model delivered on-site at various CHM campuses. This approach proved not to be feasible in the campus community settings since most residency program faculty do not have the time or background to add conducting research training seminars to their schedules. The alternative online RBT program provides optimal educational value and flexibility for the learning needs of medical students and professionals who have time and schedule constraints or lack of research experience.
The online program consists of eight core modules. Each module is designed to integrate a variety of multimedia components such as narrated PowerPoint slides, images, and animations. Learning assessments, web resources and additional reading materials are also associated with each RBT module. The highly customizable media player interface allows users to access the module content in different modalities (e.g., outline, thumbnails, slide notes, search function).
A real benefit of the online modules is that they provide consistency of instruction, flexible scheduling, and usability across different platforms and reduced the cost of program delivery. The online format also provides learners with greater access to content, deliberate practice and more control of the educational experience. A quality that learners greatly appreciate when completing online modules.
The RBT program is part of the Responsible Conduct of Research curriculum and is a requirement for all CHM students who are matched to research projects in 2013.Currently, the program is being used by CHM faculty, students and residents in the Pediatric, Family Medicine and OB/GYN Residency programs to provide foundational research training for conducting scholarly activities.
Modules are available online through MSU's secured learning management system and can be downloaded to a hard drive for local playback, or exported to other portable media formats.
RBT Modules Design Team:
Dr. Joan Ilardo, PhD and Geraud Plantegenest, MA
For more information about access to the online RBT modules, please visit the CHM Office of Research website or contact Dr.Joan Ilardo, Director of Research Training at [email protected]
B-CLR Manager
Office of Medical Education Research and DevelopmentCollege of Human Medicine 517-353-2037 ext. 237
[email protected]
Evaluation of the CHM Extended Curricular Program
The Extended Curricular Program (ECP) provides medical students with the option to rebalance their medical school load by spreading out a year of medical school over two years. A student may decide to request an extension of his/her medical program for a variety of reasons, including a desire to better balance school and family life, engage in research, pursue unique non-medical school opportunities, or remediate academic challenges such as passing a required class or USMLE Step I. CHM has long provided an option for the ECP as a means to support the diverse academic and non-academic needs of our students, which includes a significant number of disadvantaged and nontraditional students. OMERAD and the Office of Preclinical Curriculum recently completed a comprehensive evaluation of ECP; some of the major findings are summarized below.
A review of all matriculants from 1991 through 2003 revealed that 222 (16%) students extended their curriculum and of these students 189 (85%) successfully graduated from CHM. The overall CHM graduate rate for all matriculants is 96%. Ten percent of extended students were dismissed and 5% either withdrew or transferred to another medical school.
Compared to non-extended matriculants, students who extended their curriculum tended to be older (27.1 vs. 24.9 years), were more likely to be women (61% vs. 52%) and were more likely to be minorities underrepresented in medicine (40% vs. 15%). They also tended to have academic challenges: their MCAT scores and undergraduate grade point averages tended to be 0.5 to 1.0 standard deviation below the mean for matriculants overall.
We conducted a follow-up survey of CHM graduates who extended their curriculum. The results below summarize their responses to the question of their reasons for extension. Respondents could indicate more than one reason so the total exceeds 100%.
When did students extend their curriculum?
Figure 1 below shows that most students extended their curriculum during the first year (56%) or second year (32%) although some extended in Block III or multiple years. Figure 2 shows the how graduation rates are related to when the students extended.
Extended students continued to have academic challenges during medical school and residency, based on indicators such as USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores and PGY-1 ratings by residency program directors.
Survey respondents indicated that the decision to extend was complicated by many factors, as shown by the figure above. However, most respondents (92%) agreed that curriculum extension allowed them to address the challenges that led them to extend, it allowed them to learn course material more thoroughly (81%) and it gave them time to improve their study skills (79%). Most respondents (62%) felt more prepared for their clerkships as a result of extension and most thought that extension had a neutral (58%) or positive (31%) impact on securing a residency position.
When considering longer-term outcomes, the results of the CHM Graduate Follow-up Survey for PGY-2 graduates indicates that students who extended their curriculum are indistinguishable from other CHM graduates in terms of satisfaction with their CHM medical education, self-rated quality of preparation for their internship, career satisfaction and life satisfaction. They are as likely to practice in Michigan and to be in a primary care specialty as graduates who did not extend their curriculum.
For over a decade, the MSU Course Materials Program, a part of the MSU Libraries, has worked closely with the College of Human Medicine to assist in making course packs available for the Block I and II curricula. Our office handles the copyright clearance of third-party copyrighted content appearing in these materials, as well as managing the production and distribution of print and electronic course packs to students.
We are very happy that CHM students have found electronic course materials to be beneficial to their learning. In a recent survey, on a scale of 1 (most negative) to 10 (most positive), a full third of student respondents rated the impact of electronic materials on their learning at 10, with 82% giving a rating between 7-10. Content appearing in full color, being able to enlarge high-definition images, and keyword searching were the most popular functions newly introduced with the advent of e-coursepacks.
The electronic course materials initiative is no longer merely a pilot program, and is now in place permanently for CHM faculty, staff and students. In making this transition to providing materials in both print and electronic format, our office renegotiated royalty rates with some publishers and rights holders in order to keep costs as low as possible for the usage of copyrighted content. Of note is a lower royalty rate for materials published by Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, a widely-used source of high-quality medical graphics, illustrations and images in medical course materials.
However, we would like to warn lecturing faculty who contribute content to Block I and II course packs to avoid including content published by the BMJ Group, which control rights over 40 journals. They have raised their print royalties to $1.00 per page per copy. We strongly recommend whenever textbooks are required for a course to pull figures and illustrations from those sources, as we are able to negotiate permission to use this content for no charge.
Additionally, Creative-Commons licensed content can be a fantastic resource as well. This includes content that appears on websites like Wikimedia Commons, which contains lots of useful anatomical images. The MSU Libraries also maintain a bevy of licenses that allow for no-charge reuse of content. More information about these resources can be found by consulting the Libguide to Medical Image Resources, published by Andrea Kepsel, Health Sciences Librarian and library liaison to the College of Human Medicine.
For more information about electronic course materials, consult the OMERAD Seminar Series for the archived recording and PowerPoints of the "Electronic Coursepacks" panel discussion, or contact Tyler Smeltekop, MSU Course Materials Program manager at [email protected].
- Solomon DJ, Digital distribution of academic journals and its impact on scholarly communication: Looking back after 20 years. J Acad Librarianship 39 (2013), pp. 23-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.acalib.2012.10.001
An interactive gallery featuring examples of CHM blended and online learning projects by B-CLR.
A medical education listserv maintained by OMERAD.
Medical Education Online (MEO)
Peer-reviewed international open access journal for disseminating information on the education and training of physicians and other health care professionals.
Vital Signs Newsletter Archive
Click on the link to view past issues of our newsletter.
Medical Education Scholarship Group
Meets first Wednesday of each month in room A116 East Fee Hall from 1:30 pm-3:00 pm.For questions about this group contact Dr. Brian Mavis:[email protected]
OMERAD Technology Center (OTC)
Units within the College of Human Medicine interested in sponsoring faculty and/or staff development programs in support of education and scholarship may request use of the room.
The OTC is located in A211 East Fee Hall. For questions about the OTC contact:
John Williamson ([email protected])
The Office of Medical Education Research and Development is a unit within the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University. Its mission is to improve medical education and related service programs through evaluation and research consultation, relevant instruction, and programs of faculty development.
A-202 East Fee Hall
965 Fee Road
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The Kitchen
The room is busting with activity, servants are running around bags and supplies, others are washing up plates, while the cooks are sweating near the cooking-fires. Smelling the food, you are getting really hungry - maybe they will let you have some food too...
Würziges Lammfilet mit Duftreis
Under Construction!
If finished, there will be some medieval recipes (though i think they will only be in german, as the medieval language is too hard to translate), so please check back!
Back to the towers basement


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Ristorante nelle vicinanze Clinton
Risultati: 6
Pizza Ranch
1347 11th St NW, Clinton, IA 52732, Stati Uniti, GPS: 41.860786,-90.210915
Welcome to the Ranch! Settle in for legendary pizza in a family-friendly environment. Our Buffet Your Way guarantees everybody gets what they want, from flavorful pizzas to the Country's Best Chicken®—and don't forget the Cactus Bread®. Looking for event space?...
Village Inn
1710 Lincoln Way, Clinton, IA 52732, Stati Uniti, GPS: 41.81656,-90.2275
Enjoy Breakfast All Day! With My INN-credible V.I.B. at Village Inn you're in charge. Choose any four different items from over 30 delicious options to create your own delicious meal. With fresh, hand-cracked eggs and made-from-scratch buttermilk pancakes, you'll love our Real. Good. Breakfast™!
Abbiamo trovato più di 12 Ristorazione a Clinton, tra cui
- 6 Fast Food
- 6 Restaurant
Applebee's Grill + Bar
2414 Lincoln Way (btw Valley W Ct & S 25th St), Clinton, IA 52732, Stati Uniti, GPS: 41.816067,-90.243904
America's neighborhood restaurant, bar & grill, serving up good times, featuring steaks, chicken, burgers, salads, desserts and more. Visit Applebee's today.
Altri risultati per Ristorante in altre città
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₹ 12,589.50
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Disclaimer: Colour of the actual product may very slightly vary from the image
These are made to order designer styles, hence expect a slight variation from the image displayed.


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Don Bosco Alumni Matunga news: AGM Held on Sunday, 18 June '17 morning.
At 10:30 am we conducted our AGM at our alumni office. 21 past pupils were present.
Fr. Crispino is our new Rector Delegate who was introduced to the gathering.
Smooth flow of events. Refreshments too were served.
The key learning of the AGM held was, "Clear Communication will always be beneficial for Success of any team."


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* The European Securities and Markets Authority said it is considering prohibiting the marketing, distribution or sale of binary options to retail investors and restricting similar actions on contracts for differences, including rolling spot forex. The regulator said it will conduct a brief public consultation on the issue in January 2018. The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority expressed support in ESMA's consideration of potential EU-wide product intervention, noting that any permanent FCA policy measures would take in to account any prospective ESMA measures.
* EU leaders have agreed to begin negotiations with the U.K. over their post-Brexit trading relationship after agreeing to terms of a "divorce deal," but Germany's leader warned that tough talks lie ahead once London clarifies what it is seeking.
* Meanwhile, the completion of the banking union and the transformation of bailout fund European Stability Mechanism into the so-called European Monetary Fund were identified as priorities for eurozone integration by the EU leaders, Reuters reported.
* French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said his country intends to propose at the G20 summit in April 2018 that the group's members discuss regulation of the bitcoin, Reuters wrote. Les Echos also covered.
* The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority said it will take a broader review of the roughly $4 billion initial coin offering market's "fast-paced developments" to determine if new regulations are necessary. Bloomberg News covered.
* Lloyds Banking Group Plc is accused of using the money borrowed from the Bank of England's Term Funding Scheme to boost its profits rather than increase lending, The Daily Telegraph wrote. The group emerged as the largest user of the scheme, having borrowed £20 billion of the £100 billion lent by the regulator and reducing lending to consumers and businesses since the launch of the scheme in August 2016.
* Fitch Ratings upgraded Ireland's long-term foreign and local currency issuer default ratings to A+ from A with a stable outlook, reflecting the improving health of the Irish banking sector and falling government and household debt.
* Atlas Merchant Capital, an investment vehicle founded by former Barclays Plc CEO Bob Diamond, is said to be in talks to acquire a stake in digital lender Tandem, insiders told Sky News. A decision regarding a potential agreement is expected over the next few days.
* U.S. hedge fund Lone Pine Capital, London Stock Exchange Group Plc's fifth largest investor, is expected to be among the few to back calls for the immediate removal of LSE Chairman Donald Brydon in tomorrow's vote, The Telegraph wrote. Activist investor TCI Fund Management Ltd., which is campaigning for Brydon's ouster, is reportedly no longer expecting victory, with the Qatar Investment Authority, BlackRock, Aviva Plc unit Aviva Investors and Standard Life Aberdeen Plc seen to vote against it.
* Barclays Plc is set to upgrade Jan. 3 its trading platform for all financial products traded on exchanges as part of its duties as a so-called systematic internalizer in compliance with the EU's revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive, or MiFID II, Reuters reported.
* London market insurance broker Bretton Woods received a license from the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority to operate as an independent and authorized firm, Reinsurance News reported, citing CEO Dan Goggin.
* Insurance start-up InsurePal said it plans to launch a £15 million initial coin offering, or ICO, to finance its U.K. motor launch in the first half of 2018, City A.M. wrote. The ICO is set to close Jan. 16, 2018.
* In response to the European Securities and Markets Authority's proposals to improve investor protection for retail clients, CMC Markets Plc said the proposed changes may have an impact on the group but noted that it welcomes a consistent approach to regulation, a 'level playing field' and the raising of standards in the industry. IG Group Holdings Plc, meanwhile, said any financial impact from the implementation of ESMA's proposals is unlikely to be significant in the current financial year.
* A U.S. district court dismissed a lawsuit by the Wertheim Jewish Education Trust, representing the heirs of a prominent Jewish family, brought in against Deutsche Bank AG and claiming $3 billion in family money allegedly withheld by the bank since the Nazi era, Reuters cited a report in Der Spiegel.
* Pierin Vincenz, president of the board of directors of Helvetia Holding AG, is stepping down from his post with immediate effect in the wake of an investigation by the Swiss financial market supervisory authority FINMA into alleged conflicts of interest during his time as CEO of Raiffeisen Gruppe Switzerland.
* DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale is renaming unit LBB-Invest GmbH, which it took over in 2014 from Landesbank Berlin AG, as Deka Vermögensmanagement GmbH and plans to position it as "competence center for asset management products and boutique funds," Fondprofessionell reported. By end-2019, all 115 employees would be asked to relocate from Berlin to the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt.
* Hartwig Löger, CEO of UNIQA Insurance Group AG unit Uniqa Osterreich Versicherungen AG, was appointed Austria's new finance minister.
* Dirk Klee, COO of the private banking unit UBS Wealth Management of UBS Group AG, told Finews that more than 80% of the unit's global AUM, or around CHF800 billion, have been moved to the bank's new, fully digital One Wealth Management Platform, which allows for 20% operative cost savings through global synergy effects.
* French regulatory body Haut Conseil de Stabilité Financière is proposing that systemic banks be forced to limit their exposure to the most debt laden big French companies at 5% of their reserves, Les Echos reported. Approval for the measure is expected from European authorities in the New Year. La Tribune and Le Monde also covered.
* The French government is to push insurance companies to make sure they have "green" funds included in their offers of assurance-vie regulated savings accounts, Les Echos reported. It is also to promote existing Livret de Développement Durable et Solidaire, or LDDS, funds held at Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations as a "green" alternative to other investments, although environmental groups discovered that LDDS funds have been used to invest in fossil fuel companies, Les Echos wrote.
* Olivier Schel, a specialist in Internet and investment capital, was appointed deputy CEO of Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, Les Echos reported.
* The French finance ministry ordered a consultation on allegedly abusive bank tariffs to be carried out by the Conseil Consultatif du Secteur Financier to see if more government controls are needed, Le Figaro reported.
* Achmea BV unit Achmea Bank NV named Huub Arendse chairman of its supervisory board, effective Jan. 1, 2018. Arendse will replace Petri Hofsté.
* Rabobank has sold its Roparco mortgage loan business to Dutch mortgage provider RNHB.
* As of Jan. 1, 2018, the ECB requires Rabobank to maintain a total Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process capital requirement of 9.75% on a consolidated and unconsolidated basis, and a total common equity Tier 1 ratio minimum requirement of 6.25%.
* The LIBOR scandal continues to haunt Rabobank, with the lender being sued by claim foundation Elco for rigging benchmark interest rates, Het Financieele Dagblad reported. The case will be heard by a court early next year.
* Fitch raised Portugal's long-term foreign and local currency issuer default ratings to BBB from BB+ with a stable outlook, citing an expected decline in the country's gross general government debt, or GGGD.
* Banco Santander SA issued €764 million of perpetual bonds as part of a commercial offer to compensate certain retail clients who acquired shares and subordinated debt of Banco Popular and lost their investment when the bank was wound up and sold for a symbolic €1 in June to Santander, Europa Press reported.
* The capital ratios of Banco de Sabadell SA, Ibercaja Banco SA and Kutxabank SA exceed the requirements established by the ECB for 2018 in the context of the supervisory review and evaluation process, Europa Press wrote.
* Haitong Bank SA, formerly Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento, said that it would divest its London and New York branches. Both entities will no longer be subsidiaries of Haitong Bank and will be excluded from the respective consolidation perimeter. The statement does not reveal the values that may be involved, Observador reported.
* Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA Deputy Chairman Antonino Turicchi — a top manager at Italy's Treasury, which now controls the bank — could be named as the new chairman after incumbent Alessandro Falciai dropped out of the running, Corriere della Sera wrote. It comes as Falciai is among individuals under investigation by prosecutors for corporate misdeeds involving his nautical company Mondomarine.
* Generali has signed a share purchase agreement with Life Company Consolidation Group to sell its entire shareholding in Ireland-based Generali PanEurope. The transaction is expected to complete in the first half of 2018.
* UniCredit SpA shareholder Leonardo Del Vecchio told Corriere della Sera that the bank is moving in the right direction but should seek a merger with another lender.
* About half of Banca Carige SpA's unexercised cash call rights were taken up on Friday, the first day of a five-day market offering, Reuters said. Carige's shareholders took up 66% of the €500 million share issue.
* Latest investigations into Danske Bank A/S's Estonian branch suggests that the Tallinn-based operation had been used by criminal organizations and individuals to launder money years before illegal activities were detected this year, Berlingske Tidende reported.
* OP Financial Group is well-advanced in co-determination talks to streamline the retail side of its bank branch operation across Finland. Negotiations with 13 cooperative banks in the OP Pankki sphere have been concluded, while two are still ongoing, Kauppalehti wrote.
* Qliro Group AB, a Stockholm-based digital commerce and financial services company, has named Carolina Brandtman as the new head of Qliro Financial Services. Brandtman was recruited from Santander Consumer Bank Sweden, where she was managing director. Brandtman will begin her new role at Qliro Financial Services in the fourth quarter of 2018, Affärsvärlden reported.
* The Russian central bank cut its key rate to 7.75% from 8.25%, and warned of possible further loosening of monetary policy in the first half of 2018 as a production-cuts deal by oil-exporting countries lowered uncertainty over energy-related inflationary risks.
* The Russian central bank estimates that PAO Promsvyazbank, which the regulator decided to bail out, will need between 100 billion Russian rubles and 200 billion rubles in additional funding, Kommersant reported. Citing the central bank's deputy head Vasily Pozdyshev, Reuters added that the regulator intends to honor all financial obligations of the lender, with the exception of its subordinated debt.
* The Russian central bank revoked the license of JSC Commercial Bank Solidarnost and placed the lender into provisional administration until the appointment of a receiver or a liquidator.
* The Russian central bank also put B&N Bank into the provisional administration of the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund Management Co.
* The shares of Warsaw Stock Exchange-listed debt collector GetBack SA were falling Dec. 15 following reports about the arrest of one of its employees over illegal access to Poland's national ID number database to obtain personal data of debtors, news agency PAP reported.
* The Polish Financial Supervision Authority asked PKO Bank Polski SA to maintain an additional capital buffer of 0.61 percentage point at the group level on its forex mortgage exposure, and a stress test buffer at 2.86 percentage points, news agency PAP reported.
* Meanwhile, Bank BGZ BNP Paribas SA was asked to maintain an additional capital buffer of 0.6 percentage point for its forex mortgage portfolio, down from the previously required 0.68 percentage point, PAP said.
* S&P Global Ratings upgraded Serbia's long-term foreign and local currency sovereign credit ratings to BB from BB- with a stable outlook, citing its stronger fiscal metrics and improved revenue performance. Meanwhile, Fitch upgraded the country's long-term foreign- and local-currency issuer default ratings to BB from BB- with a stable outlook.
* Fitch revised the outlook on Armenia's long-term foreign- and local-currency issuer default ratings to positive from stable, while affirming the ratings at B+, citing its stronger external demand conditions and its sustainable monetary policy framework, among other factors.
Asia-Pacific: ANZ to buy back up to A$1.5B of shares; ICICI Securities files for IPO
Middle East & Africa: South Africa's ANC to have new leader; Arab Bank chair released from detention
Foreign investors warn of coal black spot in China green bond market: China must do more to attract foreign investors to its burgeoning green bond market if the country is to meet aggressive environmental targets, industry observers say.
Bank of England: 'Modest' deterioration in U.K. household debt position: British households have seen a "modest" deterioration in their balance sheets over the past year, and are more pessimistic about the impact of Brexit on the economy, according to research from the Bank of England and NMG Consulting.
EIOPA to factor green investments into next stress test: The effect of environmental, social and governance principles on pension funds' investment strategies will be one of the pan-European insurance and pensions regulator's strategic priorities in 2018, its chairman said.
S&P Global Ratings and S&P Global Market Intelligence are owned by S&P Global Inc.
Sheryl Obejera, Rodeza Mones, Arno Maierbrugger, Meike Wijers, Gerard O'Dwyer, Beata Fojcik, Heather O'Brian, Brian McCulloch, Praxilla Trabattoni and Mariana Aldano contributed to this report.
The Daily Dose has an editorial deadline of 7 a.m. London time. Some external links may require a subscription.


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Under Humanities we are providing 3 years Graduate Degree Programme B.A. and 2 years Post Graduate Degree Programme M.A.(English)
Programme outcomes
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.):
The Students after doing BA are expected to go for admission to various Post graduate programmes like M.A. in various disciplines, post graduate diplomas like P.G.D.C.A., to compete in various competitive exams like HPAS, IAS, IPS, IRS etc. The students can do B.Ed. for getting job as TGT (Arts)
M.A. (English):
The students may go for research degrees of M.Phil. and Ph. D.
Programme Specific outcomes
1. Students develop an understanding of Concepts, theoretical frameworks, perspectives and methods of inquiry.
2. Students are trained to think rationally and critically.
3. Students learn to appreciate diversity and develop cultural sensitivity.
4. Recognition of self as an individual with strengths and weaknesses.
5. Students imbibe human values and become responsible citizens.
6. Eligible candidates for admissions to post-graduate programs/Research/further studies.
Course Outcomes
Course outcomes are unique knowledge and skills expected to be gained from a given course. For course wise course-outcomes read more…


text: TONI MORRISON: THE PIECES I AM Director: TIMOTHY GREENFIELD-SANDERS 120 mins, USA, 2019, Digital Book cinema tickets This film was released on the 6th of March 2020, and is no longer screening. Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am offers an intimate meditation on the life and work of the legendary writer and Nobel Prize winner. From her childhood in the steel town of Lorain, Ohio, to 1970s-era book tours with Muhammad Ali, from the frontlines with Angela Davis to her own riverfront writing room, Toni Morrison leads an assembly of her peers, critics and colleagues on an exploration of race, America, history, and the human condition as seen through the prism of her literature. Presented as a rich tapestry of art, history, literature and personality, the film includes discussions about her many critically acclaimed works, including novels The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon and Beloved – which Oprah Winfrey turned into a feature film – her role as editor of iconic African-American literature, and her time teaching at Princeton University. (Notes by David O'Mahony). Don't forget we now schedule weekly. Director: TIMOTHY GREENFIELD-SANDERS 120 mins, USA, 2019, Digital