text:
Skip to comments.Via Aurelia: The Roman Empire's Lost Highway
Posted on 07/06/2009 7:27:25 AM PDT by BGHater
French amateur archaeologist Bruno Tassan fights to preserve a neglected 2,000-year-old ancient interstate in southern Provence
At first glance, it didn't appear that impressive: a worn limestone pillar, six feet high and two feet wide, standing slightly askew beside a country road near the village of Pélissanne in southern France. "A lot of people pass by without knowing what it is," Bruno Tassan, 61, was saying, as he tugged aside dense weeds that had grown over the column since he last inspected it. Tassan was showing me a milliaire, or milestone, one of hundreds planted along the highways of Gaul at the time of the Roman Empire. The inscription had worn away ages ago, but Tassan, a documentary filmmaker and amateur archaeologist, was well versed in the artifact's history. This particular stone, set in place in 3 B.C. during the reign of Augustus, was once a perfect cylinder, set along the nearly 50 miles between Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) and Arelate (Arles). "It's one of the last standing," Tassan said.
In 12 B.C., Augustus, at the height of his power, commanded his legions to build a highway that would traverse the province of Gallia Narbonensis, or southern Gaul, the last of whose unruly tribes had only recently been subdued. Over the next ten years, surveyors, engineers and construction crews carried off one of antiquity's greatest feats: grading and paving a road from the mountains above the Mediterranean near modern Nice to the Rhone River, 180 miles distant. For nearly four centuries, the Via Aurelia served as the region's principal artery, over which armored legions, charioteers, couriers, traders, government officials and countless others passed. It was the Interstate 95 of its time, complete with rest stops and chariot service stations every 12 to 20 milesa crucial part of a 62,000-mile road network that extended from the Iberian Peninsula to Asia Minor. Along this paved and finely graded route, Rome maintained its control over far-flung provinces, developed commerce, and disseminated its culture and architecture. But as the empire began its long declineRome would fall in the fifth century A.D.the Via Aurelia began to disintegrate. In contrast, the Via Domitia, an even older Roman route, constructed around 122 B.C. in neighboring Languedoc-Rousillon, has been well preserved, thanks to the intervention of local governments and private interests.
Tassan and a handful of fellow enthusiasts have appointed themselves custodians of the Via Aurelia. During the past few years, he has matched pre-medieval maps to 21st-century aerial photographs, located broken bits of ancient macadam and tried to protect a handful of 2,000-year-old stone walls, sarcophagi, aqueducts, bridges and road markers that point to the engineering sophistication, as well as the reach, of ancient Rome. He has created a Web site devoted to the Via Aurelia, conducted tours for growing numbers of Gaulophiles and hopes to make a documentary about the road.
Tassan has also sought to solve some of the lingering questions about the highway, including how the Romans managed to transport milestones, weighing an average of 4,400 pounds, from rock quarries to road-building sites, often a dozen or so miles away. The Roman legal code in place at the time forbade chariots from carrying loads heavier than 1,082 pounds, the maximum that the vehicles' wooden axles could safely support. "Did they carry them on foot? Did they get a special exemption?" Tassan wondered aloud, as he scrutinized the worn Pélissanne pillar. "It remains," he says, "a mystery."
Experts on the era acknowledge that Tassan has made a unique contribution to ancient Gaulian scholarship. "Everyone knows about the Roman amphitheaters of Arles and Nîmes," says Michel Martin, curator in chief of the library at the Museum of Arles and Ancient Provence. "But the Via Aurelia is a largely lost piece of Roman history. Bruno has done much to keep it alive and to protect the little that's left."
A series of military triumphs paved the way for construction of one of the greatest roads through the empire. During the second century B.C., the region that is now France was a no man's land of warring tribesa vast stretch of untamed territory lying between Rome and its colony of Hispania (present-day Spain and Portugal). In 125 B.C., citizens of the Greek colony of Massalia (Massillia in Latin), now Marseille, a port since 600 B.C., came under attack from the powerful Salyen tribe, a Celtic confederation whose holdings extended from the upper Rhone to the Alps. Marseille appealed to its nearest power, Rome, for help; in 123 B.C., Roman consul Caius Sextius Calvinus led a force of legionnaires to face the Celts, who were legendary for their ferocity. ("They cut off the heads of enemies slain in battle and attach them to the necks of their horses," the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus wrote of them in the first century B.C.) The Roman legion thrashed the tribe at the Celtic garrison of Entremont, a fortification set on a 1,200-foot-high plateau. The victorious Sextius Calvinus then founded the settlement of Aquae Sextiae on the site of nearby thermal baths, giving the Romans a firm foothold in southern Gaul.
Nearly 20 years later, a Teutonic horde stormed across the Rhine River intent upon seizing Aquae Sextiae. A small force of Roman soldiers lured the invaders toward the town; 3,000 troops then attacked the Teutons from behind, killing 90,000 and capturing 20,000. "By the conditions of the surrender [of the Teutons] three hundred of their married women were to be handed over to the Romans," the Christian scholar Jerome wrote in the fifth century A.D. "When the Teuton matrons heard of this stipulation, they first begged the [Roman] consul that they might be set apart to minister in the temples of Ceres and Venus; and then when they failed to obtain their request and were removed by the [guards], they slew their little children and next morning were all found dead in each other's arms, having strangled themselves in the night."
After the slaughter of the Teutons, Rome consolidated its control over the region. In 62 B.C., the last southern tribe to rise against the empire was subjugated. Julius Caesar established a naval base at Fréjus and founded Arles as a settlement for retired veterans of his Sixth Legion, whom he had led to a series of bloody victories in Asia Minor. When Caesar was assassinated in 44 B.C., his adopted son Octavian, later renamed Augustus, rose to power and made the development of Gallia Narbonensis, his province in southern Gaul, a priority.
One afternoon I drove through a series of long tunnels north of Nice to La Turbie, a medieval village hugging the hills 1,600 feet above the Mediterranean. Here, where the Alps jut sharply down to the sea, the Romans built a section of their new highway in 12 B.C. Surveyors, engineers and construction crews improved and linked paths that had existed since the time of the Greeks, cleaving passes through the mountains, introducing a sophisticated drainage system, erecting milestones and standardizing the road width to 15 feetwide enough for two chariots to pass. It wound along the rugged coast to Fréjus, then cut across fertile plains to the Rhone. There, the thoroughfare merged with the Via Domitia, running west through the Spanish Pyrenees. When the two roads meta convergence comparable to the 1869 linking of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads at Promontory Summit, UtahRoman control over the Mediterranean basin was cemented.
The Romans commemorated the feat with a victory monument at La Turbie, placing, in 7 B.C., a statue of Augustus on a limestone cylinder surrounded by 24 Doric columns. This is what I had come to see: I hiked along a wooded footpath to a hilltop clearing, from which the 115-foot-high Tropaeum, or Trophy, of Augustusstill partially standing after two millenniadominates the landscape. The emperor's statue has disappeared, and only four of the marble columns that encircled the monument remain intact. One side of the great marble base features reliefs of winged deities flanking a Latin inscription that hails Augustus and the pacification of Gaul. Sheltering myself from a fierce wind, I gazed down the rocky coast of Italy; directly below, the hotels and villas of Monaco glittered at the edge of the turquoise sea. It seemed a fitting place to proclaim Rome's glory.
The Via Julia Augusta, as the highway was initially called, greatly improved overland travel in the empire. Roman legions could shuttle long distances along it at an average speed of almost four miles per hour. Messengers could travel between Arles and Rome, a distance of about 550 miles, in a mere eight days. "The highway was a means for Rome to assert its power," curator Martin told me. "Its real purpose was to move troops and public couriers at the fastest rate possible." By the third century A.D., the highway was known as the Via Aurelia and regarded as an extension of the empire's road from Rome to Pisa, commissioned in 241 B.C. by the censor Caius Aurelius Cotta.
But beginning around A.D. 235, the Via Aurelia fell on hard times. After centuries of political stability, a series of military coups roiled the empire. Roman divisions began turning on one another, the value of currency plummeted, urban renewal ceased and towns and entire districts were abandoned. The empire revived briefly under Diocletian (A.D. 284-305) and Constantine (A.D. 306-37). But in 406, the Rhine froze over and barbarians spilled into Gaul. By the 470s, Arles had surrendered to the Visigoths, opening the whole of Provence to barbarian control. Over the next millennium, roads, bridges, aqueducts and other public works commissioned by Augustus and his successors disintegrated, and the precise route of the Via Aurelia was lost.
It remained largely forgotten until 1508, when Konrad Peutinger, a book collector from Augsburg, in Bavaria, acquired a 22-foot-long medieval scroll portraying a map of the world, from the Atlantic to the mouth of the Ganges, as it existed during the Roman Empire. The map's origins were obscure: a 13th-century monk from Colmar had apparently copied it from a Roman source, possibly a fourth-century A.D. map, or an even older one drawn by Agrippa, aide-de-camp to Augustus, at the dawn of Roman dominance. Whatever its origins, the Table of Peutinger, as it became knownwith detailed topography, a rendering of the entire Roman road network, and 550 illustrations of rest stops, Roman amphitheaters and other features along the routeswas widely published. It has offered archaeologists an incomparable opportunity to track down lost vestiges of the Roman world. During the 1960s, in the Italian town of Torre Annunziata, near Pompeii, researchers used the Table of Peutinger to locate and excavate a sumptuous villa from the first century B.C.
I first met Bruno Tassan on a sunny afternoon in June at an outdoor café in Salon-de-Provence, a medieval town 24 miles west of Aix. Burly and suntanned, with a shock of white hair, Tassan grew up in a village near Grenoble. He spent 25 years working as a graphic designer before retiring last summer to pursue a lifelong fascination with ancient Gaul. "When I was 17, my mother gave me a copy of The Civilization of Rome [by French historian Pierre Grimal], and from that point I was hooked," he said. In 1998 he began working on a documentary about another historic route, the ancient Christian pilgrimage trail to Santiago de Compostela in Spain, where the remains of St. James, one of Jesus' Apostles, are said to be buried. To research the project, he set off on a 900-mile journey by foot across southern France and the Pyrenees, following the Roman road network. "I traversed three regions, and in two of them, the Roman road was in good shape," he told me. "The Via Domitia, which crosses two French départements, and the Via Acquitana, which joins Bordeaux and Astorga in Spain, were both well marked and preserved." This was not the case, however, he would learn, for the Via Aurelia.
What was going on, says curator Martin, was a process of urbanization and development around the Côte d'Azur that largely bypassed Languedoc-Rousillon, site of the Via Domitia. "Here you've got more roads being built, more auto routes, and, of course, more destruction," Martin says. "The vestiges of ancient Gaul just aren't as valued as they should be." As development accelerated, more and more of the road was fragmented into sections, stretches of it paved over or subsumed by housing tracts and factories. Rediscovering the surviving traces of the Roman route has been a matter of deduction, legwork and tapping into the historical memory.
After finishing our espressos, Tassan and I set out by car to inspect remains of the Via Aurelia that he had identified around the town of Salon-de-Provence. We crossed beneath an expressway, traversed an irrigation canal, bounced through fields of grapes, then turned down a narrow dirt roadactually a piece of antiquitythat cut a straight line between an olive orchard and a row of fenced-off villas.
Tassan peered through a barrier of cypress trees into a private garden, pointing out 20-foot-high ruins of a stone wallwhat was left of a 2,000-year-old rest house where Via Aurelia travelers could water their horses, repair their chariots and lodge for the night. "Some rest houses had prostitutes as well," Tassan said. "Everything you could want for your journey." (The Table of Peutinger, which functioned as a kind of Michelin Guide of its time, graded guesthouses according to three classifications, basic, moderate and luxury, using a different illustration for each; the cushiest was represented by a rectangular villa with a pool in the middle.) Two guard dogs barked furiously at us, hurling themselves against a fence. Tassan admired the inn's ruins for another few seconds, then said, "Bien, let's get out of here."
We continued toward the village of Saint-Chamas, turning off the main road from time to time to pick up short stretches of the Via Aureliadirt paths, a row of ancient and cracked paving stones, narrow asphalted strips through vineyards. Approaching Saint-Chamas, we came across the ancient road's second-best-preserved vestigeafter the Trophy of Augustus: Flavian's Bridge, marked by elegant arches at either end, spanning the Touloubre River. "This is a real treasure," Tassan said. Each arch, built from blocks of tawny limestone, rose about 20 feet high; atop a delicately carved pilaster stood sculptures of two crouching lions. (In 1944, a speeding U.S. Army truck accidentally rammed into one of the arches and knocked it down; American construction teams reassembled it and built a new bridge a few yards downriver.) Tassan pulled out a tape measure, knelt and measured the distance between grooves on the bridge's stone surface. "One point forty-two meters [4.5 feet]," he announced with satisfactionthe standard width of a Roman chariot axle.
The next day, I found Tassan in a blue mood. We had spent the morning touring a construction site near Marseille, where workers, oblivious to the damage they were inflicting, had been laying an oil pipeline across the Via Aurelia's original stones. Now we stood on a hilltop near the medieval village of Mouriès, not far from Arles, looking for traces of the ancient road. Though he was certain it had descended from this crest, he couldn't find a hint of it, not even after a dozen scouting expeditions. "I met an 80-year-old man who told me that when he was small, there was a road that ran through the olive fields here, and he said, that was the Via Aurelia.' But it doesn't exist anymore." It was an all too familiar story. "All these vestiges are in danger of disappearing," Tassan said as we drove down the slope. "Of course, modernization is obligatory, but there should be some effort made to preserve what's left. Why can't it be like the Via Domitia? The milestones were saved, plaques were put up. Here, I'm afraid it's all going."
Still, there are the pleasures of discovery and mysteries at every turn. After a few minutes, we stopped outside the rural village of Fontvieille, a few miles northeast of Arles. A double row of great stone archesthe remains of two aqueducts that once ran beside the Via Aureliamarched in parallel lines through the arid brush. We followed them to the edge of a promontory; below us, golden fields of wheat extended in all directions; the scene looked as it must have at the height of the Roman Empire. Two thousand years ago, water ran down this hill via the aqueduct to a mill, where wheat was ground into flour, then transported along the Via Aurelia to feed the growing population of Gaul. The height of the arches was delicately calibrated to maintain an even flow and pressureanother example of Roman engineering skill.
"You can see that the two aqueducts were built side by side," Tassan pointed out. "One fed the water mill just below, the other provided water to Arles. Now we're going to see something unusual." We followed the second aqueduct as it veered sharply to the right, away from the promontory, through an olive grove. Then, abruptly, it disappeared.
"What happened here?" I asked him.
He shrugged. "It could have been destroyed by the barbarians, to cut off the water supply to Arles," he replied. "But that's just a hypothesis. Nobody knows."
Tassan stood pensively beside the last stone arch for a time. Then, he pulled out his tape measure, got back down on his hands and knees, and began examining one more set of chariot-wheel grooves on the ancient road.
Bruno Tassan champions ancient Gaul's principal artery (in red) in a region in souther France rich in Roman history.
The first-century B.C. Flavian's Bridge is one of Via Aurelia's landmarks.
In 7 B.C., at a point along the Via Aurelia, the Romans erected a monument to the emperor Augustus.
Bruno Tassan wages a tireless campaign to locate and save vestiges of ancient Rome's Via Aurelia in France. Tassan discovered Roman history in his teens: "From that point," he says, "I was hooked."
Aqueducts near Fontvieille.
A carving at the Museum of Arles and Ancient Provence.
In Fréjus, one of ancient Rome's important Mediterranean ports, a first-century A.D. arena is used today for concerts.
The Via Aurelia exists only in fragments (here, a segment between Fréjus and Cannes). The efforts of Bruno Tassan, says curator Martin, have "done much to keep [the road] alive, and to protect the little that's left."
The remains of an aqueduct at Barbegal, Provence, France.
Le Pont Flavien, Saint Chamas, Provence, France.
La Trophee d'Augustine high above Monaco and the Mediterranean at La Turbie, Provence, France.
Tour de France ping.
"Omnia Gallia in partem tres divisa est!"
Wow, is that bridge still working?
This is the sort of thing that a government should be protecting - but it is left to amateurs because 1) socialists hate Western Civilization 2) they would rather use govt funds to buy off their constituents .
Kipling has a poem to go with the road:
Marching Song of a Roman Legion of the Later Empire
When I left Rome for Lalage's sake,
By the Legions' Road to Rimini,
She vowed her heart was mine to take
With me and my shield to Rimini—
(Till the Eagles flew from Rimini—)
And I've tramped Britain, and I've tramped Gaul
And the Pontic shore where the snow-flakes fall
As white as the neck of Lalage—
(As cold as the heart of Lalage!)
And I've lost Britain, and I've lost Gaul,
And I've lost Rome and, worst of all,
I've lost Lalage! -
When you go by the Via Aurelia
As thousands have traveled before
Remember the Luck of the Soldier
Who never saw Rome any more!
Oh, dear was the sweetheart that kissed him,
And dear was the mother that bore;
But his shield was picked up in the heather,
And he never saw Rome any more!
And he left Rome, etc.
When you go by the Via Aurelia
That runs from the City to Gaul,
Remember the Luck of the Soldier
Who rose to be master of all!
He carried the sword and the buckler,
He mounted his guard on the Wall,
Till the Legions elected him Caesar,
And he rose to be master of all!
And he left Rome, etc.
It's twenty-five marches to Narbo,
It's forty-five more up the Rhone,
And the end may be death in the heather
Or life on an Emperor's throne.
But whether the Eagles obey us,
Or we go to the Ravens—alone,
I'd sooner be Lalage's lover
Than sit on an Emperor's throne!
We've all left Rome for Lalage's sake, etc.
Two others caught my eye:
3,000 troops then attacked the Teutons from behind, killing 90,000
What is always wonder to me is the high death rates in those pre-gunpowder battles. Then it was manual slaughter, no machine guns or bombs. You had to stand there and hack some guy who was fighting for his life - no easy thing. Swinging a three pound sword around has got to be tiring, no matter how hot your blood is and yet the butchery must have gone on for hours to attain those casualties. Even in the Crusade days when whole towns were put to death, it must have taken hours. What sustained these guys?
. . . erecting milestones . . .The History Channel wondered how they were able to measure their "mile" so accurately and came up with a cog-and-wheel device that dropped a stone in a cup after so many revolutions of the cart's wheel.
You have to wonder what the Romans would have accomplished with steam engines. Alas, with so many slaves, who needed labor-saving devices?
On one of my first trips to France I asked our hotel concierge if there were any Roman roads around to see, he said, pretty much any highway we drove on.
"...quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur."
Ooh, the giddiness thinking of all the geocaches that are probably along there!
Viola! There are several caches! Here's one with pictures. Scroll down to gallery.
Thanks BGHater.
· Discover · Nat Geographic · Texas AM Anthro News · Yahoo Anthro & Archaeo · Google ·
· The Archaeology Channel · Excerpt, or Link only? · cgk's list of ping lists ·
......from which the 115-foot-high Tropaeum, or Trophy, of Augustusstill partially standing after two millenniadominates the landscape......
At last, a trophy. I have read of various especially Greek victories where they "erect a trophy". This is the first one I ever saw and is grander than I imagined.
In the middle west, we can trace the Santa Fe trail where there are mile markers and good records that one can follow from Independence MO to Santa Fe. That trail allowed the US Army to comquer the West.
I wonder if it will still be visible in 1800 years?
Wow.... I'm impressed. great post
This deserves a bump.
|GGG managers are SunkenCiv, StayAt HomeMother & Ernest_at_the_Beach
Just updating the GGG info, not sending a general distribution.
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text:
Welcome to Carrot! 🥕
What is Carrot?
Carrot grants permissionless access to create community-driven programmable incentives, distributing rewards when set criteria are met.
Liquidity mining took off during the DeFi summer of 2020. Ever since, most projects have been taking a standard approach, which can be categorized as Farming 1.0. This method is commonly used to distribute governance tokens but without necessarily achieving a specific goal — just give out tokens and hope for the best.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Process Automation companies- Displaying all 9
dmac automation ltd. St Thomas, ON
Products: Process automation; assembly manufacturer; automation; automation & controls; automation assemblies;..
Tech-Con Automation Inc. Burlington, ON
Products: Process automation; arms: robotic; assemblies automated systems; assemblies: automated systems; assembly..
FLO-CORP (Flow Line Options Corp.) Wadsworth, OH
Products: Process automation; airflow meters; analog nema 4x/ip65 thermal mass flow meters (metres); analog..
Grantek Control Systems Inc. Burlington, ON
Products: Process automation; assemblies: automated systems; automated assembly systems; automated manufacturing..
Bos Innovations Inc. Dorchester, ON
Products: Process automation; automation; automation & controls; automation accessories; automation assemblies;..
GEA Process Engineering Inc. Columbia, MD
Process Automation is a service that uses computer technology to help industries to operate efficiently and safely. Process automation can be hooked up to a number of sensors at a number of spots that can collect data on temperature, pressure, etc.
Products: Process automation; agglomerators; carbonators; chemical equipment; chemical plant equipment &..
Markman Inc Kitchener, ON
Products: Process automation; automated manufacturing systems; automation equipment; factory automation systems;..
Control System Innovators Corp Burlington, ON
Products: Process automation; automation; automation & controls; automation accessories; automation assemblies;..
Magnum Process Controls Inc. Oakville, ON
Products: Process automation; actuators: valve; control systems; controllers: process; controllers: programmable;..
High quality manufacturers have been presented in this extensive source of industrial information. Designed to provide information on leading, quality oriented companies, a broad range of PROCESS AUTOMATION manufacturers has been compiled in this industrial directory.
Process Automation companies - Displaying all 9
Process Automation - Companies Serving:All Provinces
Ontario ON (7)


text:
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text:
(CNS News.com) – When asked if it is possible for the U.S. to engage in free trade with a communist country such as China, Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) said, "Certainly, the trade that we have with China isn't free in any real sense."
At the Capitol on Thursday, CNSNews.com asked Sen. Hawley, "The U.S. trade deficit with China in 2021 was more than $300 billion for the tenth year in a row. Can the United States have free trade with a communist country?"
The senator said, "Oh, good question, good question. Certainly, the trade that we have with China isn't free in any real sense. First of all, they impose all sorts of duties, tariffs, a lot of things on our goods that we don't impose on theirs. But one of my big concerns is the Chinese system of slave labor that's rampant throughout the country."
"I just introduced a bill this week with Senator [Kirsten] Gillibrand that would crack down on slave labor in American corporation supply chains, which are kind of the only corporations we get jurisdiction over," said Hawley.
"But, you know, for an economy that really runs on slave labor and abuses its own citizens, you know, I think we have to be very careful about supporting that," he said. "But also, listen, my view on trade policy generally is, we're a trading nation. There is no doubt about that, but our trade deals and policy need to reflect what's best for American workers and American families, and no doubt our current trade policy with China isn't working, that's been true for a couple of decades."
As the Census Bureau reported Monday, the United States ran a $355,301,700,000 merchandise trade deficit with the People's Republic of China in 2021, marking the tenth straight year the U.S. trade deficit with China has topped $300 billion. In 2018, the deficit hit an all-time high of $418,232,900,000.
During 2021, the United States exported $151,065,200,000 in products to China, but then imported $506,366,900,000 in products from China, resulting in $657,432,100,000 in total trade between the two countries -- and a $355,301,700,000 deficit for the United States.
In its latest report on human rights in China, the State Department said that China is "an authoritarian state," where the "Chinese Communist Party is the paramount authority." "Significant human rights issues," it said, "included: ... forced labor and trafficking in persons; severe restrictions on labor rights, including a ban on workers organizing or joining unions of their own choosing; and child labor."
Since the Communists took over China in 1949-50, the regime has killed more than 65 million of its own people for political reasons, according to The Black Book of Communism (Harvard University Press).


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Civilizations Wars
Please be aware we discontinued offering Shockwave Cash. We are not discontinuing the ability to use Shockwave Cash, so you will still be able to spend your Shockwave Cash in your favorite games.
Ratings & Reviews
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Today we're exposed to more toxins than in the past and the bodies of ours are struggling to expel these potentially damaging toxins from our bodies. Modern lifestyles, pollution, chemicals, refined foods, nutrient deficient diets as well as worry almost all produce waste that are absorbed by the bodies of ours. The human body tries to expel these toxins with the epidermis, urine and stools but when it gets overloaded these toxic compounds remain in the body and will cause severe health problems.
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text: It appears that several modules for rancid rely on non-prompt exits from specific commands (IE, "end" at the end of WriteTerm) to ensure that the "exit" string is available for inloop to detect to mark a clean run. Devices that do not have an end marker, or custom types that do not have WriteTerm last, have to fall back on prompt detection, which in most modules, also swallows the "exit" string. It appears this is fixed in aeos.pm with a GOTO CMD statement, but that doesn't appear standard in other modules. You can reproduce this error by defining a custom type: test;script;rancid -t test test;login;clogin test;module;ios test;inloop;ios::inloop test;command;ios::WriteTerm;show running-config test;command;ios::ShowVersion;show version rancid -dt test ios loadtype: device type test loadtype: found device type test in /home/bewing/etc/rancid.types.conf executing clogin -t 90 -c"show running-config;show version" ios PROMPT MATCH: ios# HIT COMMAND:ios#show running-config In WriteTerm: ios#show running-config HIT COMMAND:ios#show version In ShowVersion: ios#show version TYPE = WS-C3850-48U ios: End of run not found ios: clean_run is false !BOOTLDR: Version 3.58, RELEASE SOFTWARE (P) -- Brandon Ewing (nicotine at warningg.com) -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 198 bytes Desc: not available URL: <http://www.shrubbery.net/pipermail/rancid-discuss/attachments/20180105/c35d3721/attachment.sig>


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What are the education and learning requirements for Inside Design? Job overview? What are the fads in this field? As well as exactly how does social media sites influence the area? Learn right here! There are lots of advantages to a career in Inside Design. And you can become an effective interior designer on your own. Check out on to find out how you can start your journey into this rewarding area. Right here are a few points to think about before you obtain begun. Here are a couple of career fads and ideas to aid you along your way. If you have any sort of inquiries pertaining to where and how to make use of Recommended Website, you could call us at our site.
Education requirements
Among the primary steps to becoming an interior developer is registering in a college. The precise education needs for interior style degrees differ from one state to the following. Some states need you to take a national qualification test prior to you can practice, and some require state licensure also. To become an interior developer, you must fulfill the NCIDQ examination needs. Below are some fundamental requirements for interior decoration levels. The education and learning requirement for a certification in interior style is a two-year level, and you have to have at least 3 years of professional experience.
Career overview
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Data, work for indoor designers is projected to increase by four percent from 2016 to 2026, which is a somewhat slower price than the 8% average task growth price for all occupations. Nevertheless, nationwide long-term forecasts of employment development do not represent local problems as well as do not ensure actual growth. Despite the long-lasting outlook for the interior layout industry, aiming designers should prepare themselves for a progressively affordable work market.
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One of one of the most prominent patterns in interior decoration today is nature-inspired layout. This type of design is inspired naturally and also the open airs and also is meant to guarantee individuals. With the altering needs of the contemporary lifestyle, individuals are requiring a lot more from their domestic areas. This fad is ideal mirrored in warm, all-natural tones and also making use of responsive fabrics and art. Integrating plants into interior design is an excellent means to bring the outdoors right into your house, while additionally enabling you to feel more connected to nature.
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Instagram has transformed the business and also velocity of interior decoration. In a globe of copycatting, plagiarism, and also IP issues, the increase of social media sites users has actually caused a mad dashboard for customer eyeballs. Lots of designs are so similar they almost verge on parody. At the very same time, the spreading of social media sites systems has actually provided designers accessibility to countless new clients and also broken down the walls of a market controlled by tastemakers.
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If you have actually ever wanted that you could end up being an indoor developer however lack the sources to participate in a typical university, online interior decoration programs can help you achieve this goal. You can find out about layout concepts, illumination, and also different designs from programs provided by MasterClass. There are likewise numerous alternatives for on the internet interior layout courses. These training courses can be finished rapidly, as well as a lot of them are shown by experts in the area. Generally, you can take them at your very own pace.
If you're searching for an occupation in interior design, you may want to think about a qualification program. This kind of training can help you make a certification in as low as one year. On the internet programs provide distance understanding, so students can study at their own rate. There are no deadlines, and also courses can be taken any time of day or evening. Numerous online programs additionally have mentors who can provide guidance and also assess your development. You'll discover the fundamentals of interior design, consisting of color concept, home window therapies, pricing, as well as exactly how to connect with clients. If you beloved this post and you would like to acquire additional data pertaining to https://dominius.no kindly stop by our own page.
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Cast & Personnel
Scenic Design
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The Play
"Love me or kill me."
Sarah Kane's brief, boundary breaking career prompted the terms "a theatre of extremes" and "an ethics of catastrophe." In a former university, society's "undesirables" are imprisoned and subjected to a series of tortures designed to test the limits of human love on the battlefield of the human body. Explosively aching, hauntingly poetic, and disarmingly tender, Cleansed is a fever-dream fable of unimaginable brutality and miraculous beauty. This whiplash for the soul comes soaked through with hope. Cleansed is undeniably a love story. Given this country's immediate threat to the bodies and lives of those that look, live, or love in ways that deviate from the most conservative societal 'norms', 25 years after it was written, Cleansed feels nightmarishly prescient.
The regional premiere of Cleansed is co-directed by Jason Nodler and T Lavois Thiebaud with production design by Afsaneh Aayani and James Templeton, reuniting the team that created last season's production of Kane's 4.48 Psychosis, which The Houston Press called "an imaginative bulldozer of a production" and "a testament to the collaborative work that happens when two theater artists [Thiebaud and Nodler] are performing at the top of their game."
The Playwright
"What frightened me was the depth of (Kane's) horror and anguish. Everyone's aware, to varying degrees, of the cruelty of mankind, but we manage to compromise with it, put it on the shelf and not think about it for a good part of the day. But I don't think she could do that. I think she had a vision of the world that was extremely accurate, and therefore horrific. Because the world is a fucking awful place. It's a very beautiful place, but this species mankind is an absolute bloody disaster. The elements of sadism are astonishing. She wasn't simply observing mankind; she was part of it. It seems to me she was talking about the violence within herself, the hatred within herself, and the depths of misery that she also suffered."- Harold Pinter


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'Weird Al' Makes Out With Madonna
The new film — starring Daniel Radcliffe and Evan Rachel Wood — puts a clever overwrought biopic spin on the parody king's life story
"WEIRD AL" YANKOVIC giddily injects his life story with all the overwrought music biopic cliches you can think of in the new trailer for Weird: The Al Yankovic Story.
The movie will arrive on Nov. 4 on the Roku Channel. Starring Daniel Radcliffe, the trailer shows how the sorta-biopic lends a self-serious tinge to the parody master's story.
Early on, his parents try to discourage his strange behavior and are shocked when police officers bring him home after catching him at a — god forbid — "polka party."
But driven by an insatiable urge to, as Al puts it at one point, "make up new words to a song that already exists," the musician/comedian turns bologna into pop gold & rises to superstardom.
Things get even wilder from there, especially when Evan Rachel Wood shows up as Madonna and Al's life becomes a blur of sex, drugs, and hubris that pushes his family and band away.
But of course, no music biopic would be complete without a redemption arc — and you better believe Weird has got one of those, too.


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Shawn Mendes seems to know how rare it is these days for a guitar slinger to get an awards show slot, and he made damn well sure his performance at the 2019 Grammys would demand attention in the crowded telecast.
Not only did he bring out vocal dynamo Miley Cyrus (who matched him sartorially in her sleeveless black vest) for a fervent run-through of his smash "In My Blood," but he opened with a visually arresting image: Himself, seated at a cracked grand piano that glowed brighter than the briefcase in Pulp Fiction while wisps of fog drifted out. Stepping up from the ivories, he grabbed his guitar and joined Cyrus for punchy duet on his impassioned top 20 hit (it peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100). She's a vocal ace, and he's fast becoming an unimpeachable live pro.
"In My Blood" was up for song of the year at the 2019 Grammys, but lost to Childish Gambino's "This Is America."


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Kirstie Allsopp sparks backlash with tweet about homeworkers getting back to the office
Kirstie Allsopp has sparked a debate by suggesting that workers should be rushing to return to their offices as soon as they can.
Many people have been working from home as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.
But the Location, Location, Location star warned employees that bosses could choose to hire cheaper workers from abroad, and said she would be hurrying back in if she had an office role.
Read more: Kirstie Allsopp quit Twitter after she was abused for smashing her kids' iPads
"If your job can be done from home it can be done from abroad where wages are lower," she posted on Twitter.
"If I had an office job I'd want to be first in the queue to get back to work and prove my worth to my employer.
"I am terrified by what could be on the horizon for so many."
The message triggered a debate on Twitter, with some people saying the TV personality "knows nothing of real work" and asking: "How do you know how office workers are feeling?"
"I have been working from home since April. I have doing all the same duties at home as I would do in an office. My productivity is better at home as no distractions, no commuting. I think you are out of order," tweeted one person.
"I find people love being lectured by a rich woman who doesn't have an office job," said another.
"I should add @Channel4 I am more than capable and happy to do Kirsty's (sic) job, from my home for half what you pay her."
However, others agreed with Allsopp, saying she was "spot on".
"Seriously people, why are so many of you are missing Kirstie's point?" tweeted one person.
"She is clearly warning those WFH, that if you don't need to attend an office etc, there is a risk the companies could lay you off."
Read more: Kirstie Allsopp rubbishes claims she spread coronavirus by moving family to country home
Allsopp, 48, followed up her first post by insisting her message was "not an 'attack' on 'homeworkers'."
"It's about the coming wave of redundancies and the fact that many believe that out of sight if out of mind," she said.
"You can agree or disagree but that doesn't make it an 'attack'."
She also warned: "The only thing we all know is that a 66% drop in people working away from home will have a negative impact on so many sectors of the economy.
"Jobs will be lost, a lot of jobs."
In response to claims she was "scaremongering", she wrote: "People scaremongering about Covid all day long, if I'm terrified of the economic damage I think it's important to say so."


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- May 19th in History
- Fun Facts About May 19th
- What Is Celebrated On May 19th?
- May 19th Calendar
- May 18th in History
- Fun Facts About May 18th
- What Is Celebrated On May 18th?
- May 18th Calendar
- Frequently Asked Questions
- External References-
On this day in history, the United States declared war on Spain.
The May 19 famous birthdays is a day that has been celebrated since ancient times. The May 19th History includes the most important events on this day in history.
This Video Should Help:
May 19th is a special day in history. Here are some fun facts about May 19th:
– May 19th is the birthday of Elvis Presley.
– May 19th is also the birthday of Harry Houdini, who was famous for his escapes from handcuffs and chains.
– In 1918, Charles Lindbergh became the first person to fly solo from New York to Paris. He did it in just less than 24 hours!
– On this same day in 1917, Vladimir Lenin was elected leader of the Russian Revolution.
May 19th in History
May 19th is a special day in history for many reasons. For starters, itufffds the birthday of Queen Victoria! Born in 1819, she ruled over the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for 63 years, longer than any other monarch in British history.
May 19th is also the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, which took place in 1815. This was one of the most important battles in European history, as it effectively ended Napoleon Bonaparteufffds reign as Emperor of France.
In more recent history, May 19th is significant as it marks the end of World War II in Europe. On this day in 1945, German forces unconditionally surrendered to the Allies, leading to the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.
So May 19th is certainly a day with a lot of historical significance!
Fun Facts About May 19th
-May 19th is the 139th day of the year
-There are 226 days remaining in the year
-This day is exactly 6 months away from November 19th, which is also known as National Men Make Dinner Day
-The zodiac signs for this day are Taurus and Gemini
-Famous people who share this birthday include Prince Harry, Liam Neeson, Cher, and Natalie Portman
-Some fun holidays celebrated on May 19th include National Devil's Food Cake Day, National Pizza Party Day, and World Whiskey Day
What Is Celebrated On May 19th?
May 19th is the day when many people in the United States celebrate National Bike to Work Day. This day was created to encourage more people to use bicycles as a means of transportation, and to promote the many benefits of bicycling. It is also a day to raise awareness about the need for better bike infrastructure, and to advocate for policies that would make it easier and safer for people to bike.
Bicycling is good for your health, helps reduce traffic congestion, and is a more environmentally friendly form of transportation than driving. If you live in an area with good weather, biking to work can be a great way to start your day with some fresh air and exercise. And even if you don't live in such an area, there are ways to make biking in bad weather workable (like dressing in layers or investing in some good rain gear).
So if you're thinking about ditching your car or public transit commute just once this year, May 19th is the perfect day to do it!
May 19th Calendar
May 19th is a special day in the calendar because it is the birthday of some very famous people! Here are some fun facts about May 19th:
-The United States Constitution was ratified on May 19, 1787.
-On May 19, 1848, Wisconsin became the 30th state of the Union.
-In 1873, Levi Strauss received a patent for blue jeans with copper rivets.
-In 1898, The Spanish-American War began after the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor.
-In 1927, Charles Lindbergh completed the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
-In 1954, Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury for denying he had been a Soviet spy.
May 18th in History
May 18th is a special day in history for many reasons. For starters, itufffds the birthday of Queen Victoria! Born in 1819, she ruled over the United Kingdom for 63 years, longer than any other British monarch before or since. May 18th is also the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, which was fought on this day in 1815. This decisive victory ended Napoleonufffds reign and resulted in his exile to St. Helena.
In more recent history, May 18th was the date of two major events in the 20th century: The launch of Apollo 10, which was the last dress rehearsal before the first moon landing; and the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, which saw Chinese students demonstrating against their government.
So whatever your interests are, thereufffds sure to be something historic happening on May 18th that you can celebrate!
Fun Facts About May 18th
– On this day in 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.
– In 1804, Napoleon was crowned Emperor of France.
– On May 18, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas with 2,000 federal troops to take possession of the state and enforce the Emancipation Proclamation.
– The first American Mother's Day was celebrated on May 10th, 1908.
– In 1927, Charles Lindbergh completed the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
What Is Celebrated On May 18th?
May 18th is the birthday of one of America's most celebrated poets, Walt Whitman. Whitman was born in 1819 and went on to become one of the most important voices in American poetry. His work celebrates the individual and the common man, and his poems are known for their fresh, original language. Today, Whitman is considered one of the most important American poets, and his work is widely studied in schools and universities across the country. May 18th is also the International Day of Museums, a day to celebrate all that museums have to offer. Museums are important institutions that preserve our history and culture, and they provide us with a window into other cultures as well. On this day, we encourage everyone to visit a museum near them and learn something new!
May 18th Calendar
May 19th is a special day in the calendar because it is the birthday of two very important people. The first is Queen Victoria, who was born on this day in 1819. The second is George Orwell, who was born on this day in 1903. Both of these people have made a huge impact on British culture and history, and their birthdays are celebrated every year with great fanfare.
Queen Victoria was the longest-reigning monarch in British history, ruling for over 63 years. During her reign, Britain became a leading global power, thanks to its vast empire and booming industrial economy. Queen Victoria was also a popular figurehead, and her image appeared on everything from coins to postage stamps.
George Orwell, meanwhile, was one of the most important authors of the 20th century. His novels 1984 and Animal Farm are both classics of political fiction, and his essays continue to be read by millions of people all over the world. Orwell was a committed socialist who fought against inequality and injustice throughout his life.
So why not celebrate May 19th by learning more about these two incredible individuals? You could visit one of Queen Victoriaufffds homes (such as Kensington Palace or Osborne House), or read one of Orwellufffds books (we recommend starting with Animal Farm).
On the 19th of May in 2022, a total solar eclipse will be visible across Earth. The event is called a "supermoon" because it occurs near the time of perigee. Reference: 19 may 2022.
Frequently Asked Questions
What happened on May 19th in history?
The Emergency Quota Act, which restricted immigration to the US, was enacted in 1921. President Kennedy received a famous rendition of "Happy Birthday" from Marilyn Monroe in 1962. The Constitution's 27th Amendment was passed by the US in 1992. 1994 saw the passing of former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.
What happened 19th May in India?
anniversary of birth. The following individuals mark their birthanniversaries on May 19 in Indian history: During the Indian uprising of 1857, Nana Saheb Peshwa II, an Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire, organized the uprising in Kanpur. He lived from 19 May 1824 until 24 September 1859.
What important thing happened on June 19th?
signed the legislation making June 19th, National Independence Day, a recognized public holiday. Major General Gordon Granger's arrival in Galveston, Texas, and the delivery of General Order No. 3, which declared the end of Texas' authorized slavery, are remembered on Juneteenth.
What national Day is it on May 19?
There isn't much finer than May 19th, when chocolate cake fans all around the nation and the globe can indulge in the taste and richness of National Devil's Food Cake Day. Read on. 350°F oven temperature. Spray cooking spray in a 9x13 baking dish.
Who has a birthday on May 19th?
Celebrities with birthdays today include more James Fox, an actor, is 83. Nancy Kwan, an actress, is 83 years old. AC/DC drummer Phil Rudd is 68 years old. Steven Ford, an actor, is 66.
What happened on May 19th 2018?
At Santa Fe High School, 30 miles outside Houston, Texas, a shooter opened fire on Friday morning, leaving 10 dead and 10 more injured. A second 18-year-old suspect has been held for interrogation along with the alleged gunman, a 17-year-old male student named Dimitrios Pagourtzis.
Why is it called Juneteenth?
A celebration called Juneteenth honors the abolition of slavery in the United States. Emancipation Day and Juneteenth Independence Day are other names for it. The term "Juneteenth," which combines the words "June" and "nineteenth," refers to the holiday's date.
Is it OK to say Happy Juneteenth?
According to the website, a suitable greeting to celebrate the event is "Happy Juneteenth Day." Red serves as a symbol as well.
Who started Juneteenth?
When around 2,000 Union forces landed in Galveston Bay, Texas, J. finally experienced freedom. The army said that the state's more than 250,000 African slaves had been set free by presidential order. The newly emancipated people in Texas began calling this day "Juneteenth."
External References-


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- 2 What happened to Cady Heron?
- 3 Who was the original Regina George on Broadway?
- 4 Does Cady end up with Aaron?
- 5 How does Regina George die?
- 6 Does Regina George have a dad?
- 7 What happened to Gretchen Wieners?
- 8 How old is Cady Heron now?
- 9 What does Cady mean?
- 10 Is Mean Girls on Disney plus?
- 11 What did Regina say about Janis?
- 12 Who is Kyle Selig dating?
- 13 Who is Erika Henningsen dating?
- 14 Who replaces Erika Henningsen?
Did Regina George die?
In conclusion. Regina George would not, in fact, have survived being hit by a bus with no injuries other than a fractured spine. Odds are she would have died, and either way she definitely wouldn't have been able to show up to Spring Fling looking like a rockstar.
What happened to Cady Heron?
Having abandoned her mathlete roots, Cady is now "building homes for orphan gorillas" instead. Now that is a Mean Girls sequel we want to see. Elsewhere in intriguing Mean Girls news, Lindsay recently shared her favourite lines from the beloved teen movie – and only two out of eight of them were actually hers.
Who was the original Regina George on Broadway?
Original cast
|Washington, D.C. (2017)
|National Tour (2019)
|Regina George
|Taylor Louderman
|Mariah Rose Faith
|Janis Sarkisian
|Barrett Wilbert Weed
|Mary Kate Morrissey
|Damian Hubbard
|Grey Henson
|Eric Huffman
|Gretchen Wieners
|Ashley Park
|Megan Masako Haley
Does Cady end up with Aaron?
Yes, our heroine Cady Heron still ends up with Aaron Samuels, the cute boy from her calculus class who immediately wins her affections.
How does Regina George die?
You can take that fake apology and shove it right up your hairy-" and at that moment she is hit by a bus, breaking her spine. A few days later, Cady comes to the George mansion to make everything right with the George family.
Does Regina George have a dad?
Mr. George is the husband of the younger Mrs. George and father to Regina and Kylie.
What happened to Gretchen Wieners?
But what has their co-star Lacey Chabert, who played Gretchen, gone on to do? Lacey is now 33, and has been married to husband David Nehdar for almost three years. She is currently heavily pregnant, and due to give birth any day.
How old is Cady Heron now?
Lindsay Lohan (Cady Heron) – 18
Lindsay, now 34, wasn't too far off the real age of her character, as she was 18 when she played 16-year-old Cady.
What does Cady mean?
Cady as a girl's name is pronounced KAY-dee. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Cady is "pure".
Is Mean Girls on Disney plus?
No, mean Girls is not available to stream on Disney Plus.
What did Regina say about Janis?
Regina stated that Janis cut all of her hair during the eighth grade and ever since, people started to make fun of her – calling her a 'drug addict' or saying that she has a 'cool wig'.
Who is Kyle Selig dating?
|Kyle Selig
|Actor dancer singer
|Years active
|Erika Henningsen (2017-present)
|Official website
Who is Erika Henningsen dating?
|Erika Henningsen
|Actor singer
|Years active
|Kyle Selig (2018-present)
Who replaces Erika Henningsen?
Sabrina Carpenter, known for her work on-screen and in the music world, will join the hit show in the central role of Cady Heron beginning on March 10 for a limited run through June 7. Carpenter will replace Erika Henningsen, set to take her final bow on February 22 in advance of appearing in Flying Over Sunset.


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I suspect that I didn't do a good enough job of expressing myself in my last post. I may be desperate, but I am not pathetic. I am absolutely not looking for pity, though occasionally some encouragement might be nice. I started this blog hoping to encourage others, but maybe I am the only one... Continue Reading →
Desperate Pursuit
Somewhere I must have stopped praying for a husband because when I caught myself pleading with God, recently, it felt as though I had regressed. It was all at once as though my faith was stronger because I was taking it to Him, but weaker that I wasn't believing that He was enough. What is... Continue Reading →
Don't Look Back
Early in February, I read through Hebrews in The One Year Bible. I am not reading it on the book's schedule, but I always seem to be on God's schedule. I enjoyed reading Hebrews 11, so I decided to try to memorize it. It is a great way to meditate on Scripture. As I commit... Continue Reading →
Pay Close Attention!
I grew up with my grandparents living right in my backyard. Their house was right behind ours, on my parents' five acres of land. The older I get, the more I can see how their presence impacted my life. As a kid and a teenager, I loved to spend time with Grandma and Grandpa. They... Continue Reading →
Where My Treasure Is
Today is, of course, a day of remembrance of what was a life-stopping event, for most of us. Twenty years ago, I finally understood what it was to yearn for the coming of the Lord. I saw the world as it really is: full of evil and suffering. The day the towers fell, the horrors... Continue Reading →
200th Post: 'Traded Dreams'
I've always been a writer. When I was young, I wanted to be a novelist; specifically, I wanted to write literature. In my teens and early twenties, I wrote a lot of poetry. In hindsight, it wasn't very good. My senior year in college, I took a creative writing class and wrote some short stories.... Continue Reading →
The Highest Calling
When I first began writing this post, it was dripping with bitterness. I started again, but I still felt the influence of so many years of sadness and hurt. I was writing as Mother's Day approached. On my mind were of all of exaggerated and sentimental statements I have heard at church, all because the... Continue Reading →
Don't Cry Over Spilled Coffee (Revisited)
Last weekend, when I wrote my blog, I was fighting depression. It had been bogging me down for a couple of weeks, and I was having trouble shaking it. Then on Saturday evening, my sister and I watched the documentary, Corrie ten Boom: A Faith Undefeated. It ended with a recording of her saying, "Look... Continue Reading →
Life Happens. . .God is Good
When I left for work on February 4th, I had plans to spend my lunch break working on the draft of my blog for the coming Saturday. But before my lunch break came, a call from my mother redirected all of my thoughts and energy. A scheduled test showed that my father needed bypass surgery,... Continue Reading →


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Leaked details on Call of Duty's future ahead of the franchise's upcoming Next event, plus uncertainty of Overwatch 2's battle pass mere weeks before its launch. All this on today's GameSpot News.
With more information about the standalone Warzone 2 on the horizon as part of the upcoming Call of Duty Next, some fans have wondered what exactly will be happening with the original version of Warzone. Reporter Tom Henderson on Twitter claims the game will be undergoing a name change on November 28, and that "it looks like original Warzone will continue to receive updates/DLC."
It seems the original Warzone going forward will focus primarily on the Caldera map set in the Pacific, which was introduced as part of what Activision Blizzard called "Warzone Pacific" alongside Call of Duty: Vanguard Season 1 in November 2021.
Like its predecessor, Warzone 2 will be launching some time after the October 25 release Modern Warfare 2, and will feature many of that game's mechanics, vehicles, and weapons.
Having Warzone and Warzone 2 coexist does line up with what Activision has said previously about the two battle royales, namely that Warzone will "continue on as a separate experience that will include a continuation of player progression and inventories within that Warzone experience." That means skins, weapons, and unlocks in the original Warzone will not carry over to Warzone 2.
Looking further into the future for Call of Duty, 2024's installment might tell a story about the war in Iraq. Twitter user TheGhostOfHope, who has accurately reported on unannounced Call of Duty details in the past, said the campaign for 2024's Call of Duty game will cover what the US government calls Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, as well as the Battle of Mogadishu, which took place years earlier during the Gulf War of the nineties, the event later adapted and dramatized in 2001's Black Hawk Down.
TheGhostOfHope said it will be Raven Software developing the campaign for Call of Duty 2024. Raven also developed the campaign for Black Ops Cold War.
If Call of Duty 2024 is indeed about the Iraq war, the game will likely be contentious. Around 200,000 civilians died as a result of the war, and another game, Six Days in Fallujah, has generated a good amount of debate and discussion for its themes and elements. One could only imagine that the size and popularity of a franchise like Call of Duty addressing those horrific, real life events would result in an even larger discourse.


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In case your jaw has not been hitting the floor enough lately, here is an exquisite photograph of the Milky Way seemingly wedged into a mountainside of Nepal:
Haleakala Annapurna. [Click to himalayanate.]
This stunning photo was taken by the gifted photographer Anton Jankovoy, whose pictures must be seen to be believed. They are surpassingly beautiful, and not just his astrophotos.
He took the one above in Annapurna, a region of Nepal that has been uplifted as a whole piece (called a massif) and reaches elevations of over 8000 meters. I recently spent a day in the Rockies at just less than half that elevation and it was tough; the air pressure was only about 2/3 what it is at sea level — and I'm used to living at an elevation of 1600 meters or so. At 8000 meters, the pressure drops to just 1/3 of that at sea level, and the air is so thin it's difficult to imagine actually hiking there. But clearly, people do.
And judging from Anton's photo, it may very well be worth the trouble of visiting. What must it be like to stand in that spot and see first hand such astronomical and geological magnificence?
Tip o' the lens cap to Parker Evans. Image used by permission of Anton Jankovoy.
Related posts:
– Wyoming Skies
– Another jaw-dropping time lapse video: Tempest
– Time lapse: Journey Through Canyons
– Down under Milky Way time lapse
– Alps lapse
Read the original post:
The Milky Way from the top of the world | Bad Astronomy


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Surgery Essence 3rd Edition PDF Free Download
Highly regarded by anesthesiologists, residents, and nurse anesthetists, Essence of Anesthesia Practice, 4th Edition by Drs. Lee A. Fleisher, Michael F. Roizen, and Jeffrey Roizen, is a trusted resource for point-of-care anesthesia management. Concise, easy-to-find summaries cover a single clinical topic for both common and rare conditions. A renewed focus on diseases and drugs makes this edition even more useful when formulating anesthesia plans and mastering the core knowledge of anesthesia practice.
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Although the long, hot and muggy days of August might serve up weather that is not "fit for a dog", the phrase "Dog Days of Summer" have nothing to do with your pet's health or comfort. So where did this canine appellation originate? The answer lies in the stars.
More specifically, the answer lies in the constellation Canis Major, or The Greater Dog. The brightest star in this constellation is Sirius, commonly called "the dog star". Sirius is the fifth nearest star to Earth at a mere distance of 8.6 light years (that's more than 50 trillion miles). The measure of a star's brightness is called magnitude, and the lower the number, the brighter the star. Sirius has a magnitude of -1.44, the lowest of any star. Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, outshone only by our Moon, and the planets Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus.
In July and early August, Sirius rises in the sky before the Sun and can easily be seen in the lower part of the sky if the sky is clear and without obstruction. The early Romans observed that Sirius rose and set with the Sun, and believed that because of its brightness, Sirius added its warmth to the Sun's heat, causing the long stretch of hot and sultry days of late summer. They also believed it could bring on droughts, make humans weak and feverish, and cause madness in dogs. Homer, in his Iliad, referred to Sirius as Orion's dog and described the appearance of Sirius with this passage:
"Sirius rises late in the dark, liquid sky
On summer nights, star of stars,
Orion's Dog they call it, brightest
Of all, but an evil portent, bringing heat
And fevers to suffering humanity."
Because Sirius sits low in the sky, with its light shining through Earth's atmosphere, its normally blue-white light may change to other colors. When the air is unstable, its light may seem to flicker. In modern times, Sirius has been mistaken for a UFO, due to its brightness and twinkling.
The name Sirius is generally considered to be taken from the Greek , meaning burning or scorching. Some have suggested the name may have been appropriated and had some connection to the Egyptian god Osiris. The Egyptians noted that the appearance of Sirius in the sky coincided with the flooding of the Nile, and called it the "watchdog". Sirius has various names and connotations in many cultures.
The Dog Days are traditionally said to be the 40 days between July 3 and August 11. During this time, Sirius rises with the Sun. For stargazers, to see Sirius in the night sky, look for Orion and follow an imaginary line south from Orion's belt.


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Detroit council approves Grand Prix's 2023 move from Belle Isle to downtown
Detroit — The City Council on Wednesday unanimously approved a contract with organizers of the Detroit Grand Prix to move the race from Belle Isle to city streets downtown.
The resolution comes about six weeks after officials with Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix Inc. told the panel that they want to move the event off the island park and into the city's downtown.
Under the Grand Prix's proposal, the race will be held on Detroit streets from 2023 through 2025. Next year, the June 3-5 race will still be held on Belle Isle.
Organizers of the event said they want to have the 2023 race's track run on Jefferson and Atwater, essentially between Rivard and Bates, and have it run past the monument to Joe Louis. The track will be 1.7 miles, shorter than Belle Isle's 2.3-mile circuit.
The racetrack will include dual pit lane and a U-turn at the Joe Louis fist in the heart of downtown.
The move means spectators could watch more than 50% of the race for free instead of having to pay to get into the island park, said Bud Denker, Grand Prix chairman and president of Penske Corporation.
So far, the idea seems to be getting a warm reception. Last month, Detroit City Council President Brenda Jones hosted a meeting to discuss the concept with Denker.
The race was initially held downtown from 1982-91 before moving to Belle Isle.
The Grand Prix races have attracted 95,000 fans to the summer celebration at least seven times and have a television audience of over 1 million viewers, according to the resolution.
The council members did not have any input before or after voting; however, Irvin Corley Jr., the city's executive policy manager, pointed out to the council that they were waiting for an updated economic benefits study from the University of Michigan on the impact of the race relocation.
Corley said UM's initial report indicated there would be a 20% increase in economic benefit moving the race to downtown.
"When you look at the economic benefits generated in 2017, about a $64 million impact, with a 20% bump, they're projecting a $77 million impact to the city of Detroit and specifically, Detroit businesses in downtown could receive about $10 million in spending," Corley said. "Based on that, it looks like a relocation to the downtown area could have a more beneficial impact for the city."
The contract states the city will temporarily close all city streets, alleys and sidewalks needed for the event and provide all permits and licenses needed for the event.
The permit allows for racing to take place on highways or streets. The Department of Public Works has determined that the Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix Inc. has adequate insurance to pay any loss or damages, provide adequate security and facilities during the event, according to the council resolution.
Detroit Grand Prix officials thanked Mayor Mike Duggan, the City Council and several business leaders in a Wednesday statement after the vote. They said over the last five weeks representatives of the race have participated in listening sessions with residents and business leaders on the idea of returning the race downtown.
"The positive reaction and the excitement that we have seen from the community about the Grand Prix coming back downtown reinforces our belief that this relocation will provide a significant benefit to the city, its residents and our local businesses for the future," according to the statement.
Denker joined a virtual press conference Wednesday afternoon with Hakim Berry, Detroit's chief operating officer, and Ron Brundidge, director of the Department of Public Works, following the council's vote saying he's excited for the impact it'll have for the city and state.
"There was so much positivity surrounding this. There are 260 businesses this is going to benefit," Denker said. "Most cities would be jealous to have this event in their downtown, and we're going to have that in 2023.
"What I'm most excited about is that communities are going to come together for this," he added. "We're going to have the largest event since Super Bowl 2006 just a year and a half away."
Brundidge said assessments will soon be conducted by the city to determine what road improvements will be needed ahead of the 2023 race. Jefferson Avenue, he added, will be open to traffic during the event.
Building out the event will take nearly 60 days, but it will not impact roadways as race employees will work from 8 p.m. to 5 a.m., he said.
The Lodge tunnel will close on the Thursday night before the event and reopen before Monday morning traffic, Denker said.
City Council President Jones said during the news conference that residents have called for years for the race to be moved off the island.
"We are looking forward to Detroit Chevrolet Grand Prix coming to the streets of Detroit," Jones said. "It is going to be very much different than it was before when many businesses felt they were impacted. I've spoken to businesses who are excited."
DPW will be responsible for the costs of any road improvements, but a dollar amount wasn't provided by Brundidge, who noted costs vary from year to year.
"Imagine driving westbound on Jefferson Avenue with a safety wall and the race happening just to the left of you," Brundidge said. "It's going to be an amazing picture."
Twitter: @SarahRahal_


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2 toddlers found wandering in Port Orange parking lot, father arrested
A Port Orange man was arrested after police said he left two small children unattended at an apartment complex on Saturday to go visit his sister in Daytona Beach.
A sergeant had to change the children — two boys ages 1 and 2 — who had soiled diapers, a report states.
{READ MORE: Adult children charged with neglect of 84-year-old Port Orange mother]
[READ MORE: Port Orange man charged in death of girlfriend's baby]
The father, Timothy Taylor, 23, was charged with two counts of child neglect and resisting an officer without violence. Taylor also had a warrant for his arrest for failing to appear in court on a domestic violence charge. He was being held without bail Monday at Volusia County Branch Jail.
Port Orange police said they were called to 3685 Beacon Hill Road where several residents reported finding the two small boys wandering and crying in the parking lot of the apartment, a report states.
Police checked the apartment where the children took them but found no one. A coffee table had been placed in front of the door, possibly to stop the children from getting out, investigators said.
Both children appeared to be hungry as they quickly at the oranges, pancakes, fruit snacks and juices neighbors gave them, police said.
Taylor appeared 30 minutes later, took his children and closed the door on police, who had to force entry into the apartment, a report states.
When he was arrested, Taylor said, "I know I (expletive) guys" and admitted he went to visit his sister in Daytona Beach and left the children unattended, police said.
The children were left in the care of their mother but police also notified the Department of Children and Families of the incident, the report states.
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 in corn: AOAC-IUPAC Collaborative Study.
|Sydenham, Eric W.
Shephard, Gordon Seymour
Thiel, PG
Stockenström, Sonja
Snijman, P. W
Van Schalkwyk, D
|Issue Date:
|Journal of AOAC International
|A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for simultaneous determination of fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2), and B3 (FB3) in corn was subjected to a collaborative study involving 12 participants from 10 countries, in which the accuracy and reproducibility characteristics of the method were established. Mean analyte recoveries from corn ranged from 81.1 to 84.2% for FB1 (at a spiking range of 500 to 8000 ng/g), from 75.9 to 81.9% for FB2 (at a spiking range of 200 to 3200 ng/g), and from 75.8 to 86.8% for FB3 (at a spiking range of 100 to 1600 ng/g). The valid data were statistically evaluated after exclusion of outliers. Relative standard deviations for within-laboratory repeatability ranged from 5.8 to 13.2% for FB1, from 7.2 to 17.5% for FB2, and from 8.0 to 17.2% for FB3. Relative standard deviations for between-laboratory reproducibility varied from 13.9 to 22.2% for FB1, from 15.8 to 26.7% for FB2, and from 19.5 to 24.9% for FB3. HORRAT ratios, calculated for the individual toxin analogues, ranged from 0.75 to 1.73. The LC method for determination of fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 in corn (at concentrations of 800-12800 ng total fumonisins/g) has been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
|Journal article
|Appears in Collections:
|HWSci - Journal Articles (DHET subsidised)
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