text:
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aInorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. E-mail: email@example.com; email@example.com; Tel: x30-26510-08374 Tel: x30-26510-08362
bMedical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
cDepartment of Life Sciences, The School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
dDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
eMössbauer Spectroscopy and Physics of Material Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
fDepartment of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
gDepartment of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
hUniversity Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
First published on 30th June 2020
The metalloantibiotic of formula Ph2Sn(CIP)2 (CIPTIN) (HCIP = ciprofloxacin) was synthesized by reacting ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCIP·HCl) (an antibiotic in clinical use) with diphenyltin dichloride (Ph2SnCl2DPTD). The complex was characterized in the solid state by melting point, FT-IR, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis, 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and in solution by UV-Vis, 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques and Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The crystal structure of CIPTIN and its processor HCIP was also determined by X-ray crystallography.
The antibacterial activity of CIPTIN, HCIP·HCl, HCIP and DPTD was evaluated against the bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), by the means of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Inhibition Zones (IZs). CIPTIN shows lower MIC values than those of HCIP·HCl (up to 4.2-fold), HCIP (up to 2.7-fold) or DPTD (>135-fold), towards the tested microbes. CIPTIN is classified into bactericidal agents according to MBC/MIC values. The developing IZs are 40.8 ± 1.5, 34.0 ± 0.8, 36.0 ± 1.1 and 42.7 ± 0.8 mm, respectively which classify the microbes P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis to susceptible ones to CIPTIN. These IZs are greater than the corresponding ones of HCIP·HCl by 1.1 to 1.5-fold against both the tested Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. CIPTIN eradicates the biofilm of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus more efficiently than HCIP·HCl and HCIP. The in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity of CIPTIN were tested against human skin keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) (IC50 = 2.33 μM). CIPTIN exhibits 2 to 9-fold lower MIC values than its IC50 against HaCaT, while its genotoxic effect determined by micronucleus assay is equivalent to the corresponding ones of HCIP·HCl or HCIP.
The conjugation of metals with drugs (CoMeDs) is a new research area being investigated for discovery of new synergistic therapeutic modalities. The term "conjugation" is used for polymeric drug formulations, to emphasize the synergistic effect of a metal with a drug.9,10 CoMeDs combines metals with specific classes of drugs aiming to create new agents possessing altogether new properties than with the drugs from which they were prepared.9,10 From this point of view, organotin(IV) compounds which contain active drugs as ligands are expected to exhibit enhanced effectiveness due to the synergy which is developing between the RnSn(IV) (R = alkyl or aryl group; n = 1 to 3) moiety and the drug. Besides, organotin compounds are commercially used as agricultural biocides.11,12 Recently, Pokharia et al. have shown that triorganotin(IV) complexes of ciprofloxacin (R3Sn(CIP) (R = Me-, Cy-)) exhibit better antibacterial effect than free ciprofloxacin against E. faecalis, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis.13
With the aim to develop new antimicrobial agents with enhanced activity capable of overcoming bacterial resistance,9,10,14–17 the metalloantibiotic of ciprofloxacin (HCIP, Scheme 1) having the formula Ph2Sn(CIP)2 (CIPTIN) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated against bacterial strains P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Moreover, the combination of an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, which possesses pharmacological significance, and a metal with known biological activity, tin(IV), is expected to throw light on principles that govern the synergy between metals and drugs in these metallodrugs.
Crystals of CIPTIN were grown by slow evaporation of ddH2O/MeOH solution. Besides, crystals of HCIP were isolated from the filtrate of the intermediate solution (Scheme 2). CIPTIN is stable when it is stored under ambient conditions and it is soluble in MeOH, CH2Cl2, DMSO and acetone.
|Fig. 1 (A) Molecular diagram together with the numbering scheme of CIPTIN. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles [°]: Sn1–O1 = 2.135(3), Sn1–O3 = 2.158(3), Sn1–C18 = 2.120(5), Sn1–O1_a = 2.135(3), Sn1–O3_a = 2.158(3), Sn1–C18_a = 2.120(5), O3–C2 = 1.284(5), O1–C6 = 1.298(5), O2–C6 = 1.216(5), O1–Sn1–O3 = 79.93(11), O1–Sn1–O1_a = 155.64(11), O1–Sn1–O3_a = 81.60(11), O1_a–Sn1–O3 = 81.60(11), O3–Sn1–O3_a = 80.96(11), O1_a–Sn1–O3_a = 79.93(11). (B) The Δ-cis-[Ph2Sn(CIP)2] stereoisomer.
|Fig. 2 (A) Molecular diagram together with the numbering scheme of HCIP. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles [°]: O1–C14 = 1.247(3), O2–C14 = 1.266(3), C1–C2 = 1.453(3), O3–C2 = 1.241(3), N3–C11 = 1.481(3), N3–C12 = 1.485(3), O1–C14–O2 = 125.3(2), O3–C2–C1 = 125.0(2), C11–N3–C12 = 109.0(2). (B) 1D ribbon assembly established using hydrogen bonds.
CIPTIN is a covalent organotin compound. It consists of two ciprofloxacin ligands and one Ph2Sn(IV) moiety. Ciprofloxacin coordinates to tin(IV) through the anionic oxygen atom of its de-protonated carboxylic group and the oxygen atom of its keto group. Thus, two oxygen atoms from each ciprofloxacin and two carbon atoms from the phenyl groups form a distorted octahedral (Oh) arrangement around the Sn(IV) ion. The equatorial plane of the octahedron around the Sn(IV) ion is constituted by two keto oxygen atoms (O3 and O3a) and two carbon atoms of phenyl groups (O3–Sn1–O3a = 80.96(11)° and O3–Sn1–C18a = 166.12(15)°). The axial positions are occupied by the two carboxylic oxygen atoms (O1 and O1a) (O1–Sn1–O1a = 155.64(11)°). The final arrangement of the ligands in CIPTIN lead to the Δ-cis-[Ph2Sn(CIP)2] stereoisomer (Fig. 1B). Only the Δ-cis-[Ph2Sn(CIP)2] isomer has been isolated in the crystal lattice indicating stereo-selectivity of the preparation reaction (Fig. 1B).
The two C–O bond distances of the carboxylic group (O1–C6 = 1.298(5) and O2–C6 = 1.216(5) Å) are almost equivalent, in CIPTIN, confirming deprotonation which it undergoes. The O1–C6 bond is slightly longer than the corresponding O2–C6 bond due to the donation of the O1 atom towards Sn(IV). The C–O bond length of the keto group (O3–C2 = 1.284(5) Å) suggests the retention of the double nature of this bond.
The Sn–O bond distances (Sn1–O1 = 2.135(3) and Sn1–O3 = 2.158(3) Å) are in accordance with the corresponding distances found previously in [(n-Bu-)2Sn(nap)2] (napH = naproxen) (Sn1–O1 = 2.136(7) and Sn1–O2 = 2.506(6) Å),19 in [Me2Sn(salH)2] (salH2 = salicylic acid) (Sn1–O171 = 2.1069(18), Sn1–O271 = 2.1087(15), Sn1–O172 = 2.5145(15) and Sn1–O272 = 2.5773(15) Å)20 and in [(n-Bu)2Sn(salH)2] (Sn1–O172 = 2.121(3), Sn1–O272 = 2.105(4), Sn1–O171 = 2.565(4) and Sn1–O271 = 2.632(4) Å).20 However, in the cases of [(n-Bu-)2Sn(nap)2], [Me2Sn(salH)2] and [(n-Bu)2Sn(salH)2], the ligands chelate to Sn(IV), through their carboxylic groups.
Strong hydrogen bonding interactions N3[H3]⋯O2 = 2.733(6) Å lead to 2D layers (Fig. 3). The layers consist of squares which are formed by four CIPTIN molecules (Sn⋯Sn = 13.969 Å and Sn–Sn–Sn = 87.03°).
The two C–O bond distances of the carboxylic group in anhydrous HCIP (O1–C14 = 1.247(3) and O2–C14 (1.266(3) Å) are equivalent suggesting its de-protonation (Fig. 2). The corresponding C1–O1 and C1–O2 bond lengths of the HCIP hexahydrate (HCIP·6H2O) are 1.259(2) and 1.255(2) Å respectively.8 Moreover, the O1–C14–O2 angle is 125.3(2)°. This is in accordance with the corresponding bond angle found in HCIP·6H2O (125.11(12)°).8 The N3–C11 and N3–C12 bond distances, on the other hand, are 1.481(3) and 1.485(3) Å, respectively, suggesting single N–C bonds (Fig. 2). This is further supported by the C11–N3–C12 bond angle of 109.0(2)°, which is close to the ideal 108°28′ of the sp3 hybrid. Given the fact that two hydrogen atoms bind to N3, a positive charge is assumed for the ([–NH2–])+ group. Therefore, the charge distribution of the zwitterionic anhydrous HCIP is shown in Scheme 2.
Hydrogen bonds N3[H3]⋯O2 = 2.623(3) Å and N3[H3]⋯O1 = 2.882(3) Å lead to the 1D ribbon assembly (Fig. 2B).
The broth dilution method was used for the determination of the MIC values of CIPTIN, HCIP·HCl, HCIP and DPTD, upon incubation of Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) or Gram-positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) bacteria for 20 h (Table 1).
|P. aeruginosa
|E. coli
|S. aureus
|S. epidermidis
|a This study, PenNa = sodium salt of penicillin.
|MIC (μM)
|Ph 2 Sn(CIP) 2 CIPTIN
|0.741 ± 0.035
|0.301 ± 0.062
|1.179 ± 0.083
|0.255 ± 0.041
|Me 3 SnCIP
|Cy 3 SnCIP
|Ag(CIP) 2 NO 3 CIPAG
|0.612 ± 0.142
|0.537 ± 0.067
|0.458 ± 0.083
|[Ag(Pen)(DMSO)] 2 PenAg
|23.0 ± 2.290
|0.080 ± 0.020
|2.410 ± 0.880
|1.174 ± 0.221
|0.938 ± 0.347
|1.454 ± 0.123
|1.079 ± 0.121
|1.048 ± 0.037
|0.443 ± 0.041
|1.459 ± 0.013
|0.699 ± 0.025
|0.140 ± 0.020
|3.760 ± 1.140
|Ph 2 SnCl 2 DPTD
|> 100
|25.713 ± 1.535
|47.529 ± 8.761
|13.743 ± 0.263
|AgNO 3
|MBC (μM)
|Ph 2 Sn(CIP) 2 CIPTIN
|0.800 ± 0.195
|0.445 ± 0.040
|1.600 ± 0.110
|0.667 ± 0.045
|Me 3 SnCIP
|Cy 3 SnCIP
|Ag(CIP) 2 NO 3 CIPAG
|[Ag(Pen)(DMSO)] 2 PenAg
|1.624 ± 0.127
|1.280 ± 0.096
|1.250 ± 0.098
|2.225 ± 0.050
|1.200 ± 0.160
|Ph 2 SnCl 2 DPTD
|> 100
|> 100
|> 100
|> 100
|AgNO 3
|Ph 2 Sn(CIP) 2 CIPTIN
|Me 3 SnCIP
|Cy 3 SnCIP
|Ag(CIP) 2 NO 3 CIPAG
|AgNO 3
|IZ (mm)
|Ph 2 Sn(CIP) 2 CIPTIN
|40.8 ± 1.5
|34.0 ± 0.8
|36.0 ± 1.1
|42.7 ± 0.8
|Ag(CIP) 2 NO 3 CIPAG
|[Ag(Pen)(DMSO)] 2 PenAg
|32.0 ± 0.8
|35.5 ± 0.6
|33.0 ± 0.8
|30.5 ± 0.6
|39.2 ± 0.9
|Ph 2 SnCl 2 DPTD
|10.0± 0.0
|18.7 ± 0.9
|13.1 ± 0.6
|15.8± 0.4
|AgNO 3
The MIC values of CIPTIN lie in the range of nanomolar concentrations against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, (0.741 ± 0.035, 0.301 ± 0.062, 1.179 ± 0.083 and 0.255 ± 0.041 μM, respectively) (Table 1, Fig. S9†). The corresponding MIC values of the drug in HCIP·HCl and HCIP are: 1.174 ± 0.221 μM and 1.048 ± 0.037 μM (P. aeruginosa), 0.938 ± 0.347 μM and 0.443 ± 0.041 μM (E. coli), 1.454 ± 0.123 μM and 1.459 ± 0.013 μM (S. aureus) and 1.079 ± 0.121 μM and 0.699 ± 0.025 μM (S. epidermidis), respectively (Fig. S10 and S11†).8 The MIC values of DPTD, on the other hand, lie in the micromolar range of concentrations for the tested bacteria: >100 μM, 25.713 ± 1.535 μM, 47.529 ± 8.761 μM and 13.743 ± 0.263 μM towards P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively (Fig. S12†). Thus, CIPTIN shows 1.2 to 4.2-fold stronger antimicrobial activity than those of HCIP·HCl or HCIP towards both Gram negative and positive bacteria. The strongest antimicrobial effect of CIPTIN is observed towards S. epidermidis, which is 4.2-fold higher than that of HCIP·HCl and 2.7-fold higher than that of HCIP. Moreover, CIPTIN activity rises up to 135-fold stronger than DPTD activity against these bacteria. Therefore, CIPTIN exhibits superior activity to that of both its ingredients (antibiotic and DPTD).
Microbes are classified into susceptible (MIC <50 μM) or resistant (MIC >100 μM) towards an antimicrobial agent by their MIC values.8,10 Thus, all tested strains here are considered as susceptible to CIPTIN.
The MBC values of CIPTIN for Gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli are 0.800 ± 0.195 μM and 0.445 ± 0.040 μM respectively, and against Gram positive bacteria S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 1.600 ± 0.110 μM and 0.667 ± 0.045 μM, respectively (Table 1, Fig. S13†). The corresponding MBC values of HCIP·HCl and HCIP are 1.200–2.225 μM against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria (Table 1, Fig. S14 and S15†). In the case of DPTD, the MBC values are higher than 100 μM (Fig. S16†). Thus, CIPTIN exhibits higher bactericidal activity than those of free drugs which rises up to 3.6-fold in respect of HCIP·HCl or up to 2.8-fold for HCIP. DPTD has no bactericidal activity.
Since the MBC/MIC values of CIPTIN lie between 1.08 and 2.62, against the tested microbial strains, (Table 1) CIPTIN is classified into bactericidal agents. This is because when the MBC/MIC value is ≤2, an agent is considered as a bactericidal agent, while when the MBC/MIC value is ≥4, as a bacteriostatic agent.8,10,14–17 The MBC/MIC values of HCIP·HCl and HCIP varied between 1.22 and 2.82 and they are bactericidal drugs.
The IZs caused by CIPTIN determined against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 40.8 ± 1.5, 34.0 ± 0.8, 36.0 ± 1.1 and 42.7 ± 0.8 mm, respectively classifying these strains into susceptible ones towards CIPTIN (Fig. 5). The ranges of IZs, which were caused by HCIP·HCl and HCIP, lie between 32.0 and 35.5 mm (against Gram negative bacteria) and 24.0–39.2 mm (against Gram positive bacteria). These values classify the tested bacteria into susceptible ones against HCIP·HCl and HCIP (Table 1, Fig. S17†). The corresponding IZs developed by DPTD lie between 10.0 and 18.7 mm against the tested bacteria classifying them into resistant or intermediate ones towards DPTD. Generally, CIPTIN causes greater inhibition zones than those of the commercial antibiotic or DPTD, against both negative and positive bacterial strains.
The therapeutic window of an agent is defined by the selectivity index (SI):8,26
|SI = IC50(against HaCaT cells)/MIC(against tested bacteria)
In order to evaluate the genotoxicity of CIPTIN,·HCIP·HCl, HCIP and DPTD, HaCaT cells were treated using the agents at their IC50 values (Fig. 7). The corresponding frequency of micronucleus after treatment of HaCaT cells using CIPTIN is 2.60 ± 0.15%, while the frequency without treatment of the cells is 2.17 ± 0.05%. Therefore, CIPTIN exhibits negligible genotoxicity. The micronucleus frequencies of HaCaT cells after treatment using HCIP·HCl (2.44 ± 0.2)% or HCIP (2.48 ± 0.1)% are close to that of CIPTIN. The MN formed upon treatment of HaCaT cells using DPTD is 3.05 ± 0.2%, which is significantly higher than that of CIPTIN.
CIPTIN has been evaluated towards the Gram negative microbes P. aeruginosa and E. coli and Gram positive microbes S. aureus and S. epidermidis. CIPTIN is classified as a bactericidal agent against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis (Table 1), while these microbes are ranked among those susceptible to it (IZ values) (Table 1).
The antibacterial activity of CIPTIN (Δ-cis-[Ph2Sn(CIP)2]) is compared to that of CIPAG with the formula ({[Ag(HCIP)2]NO3˙}),8 [Me3Sn(CIP)], and [Cy3Sn(CIP)]13 and PenAg with the formula [Ag(Pen)(CH3OH)]2, (HPen = penicillin)9 and their ingredients HCIP·HCl, HCIP, PenNa, DPTD and AgNO3 (Table 1, Fig. 8).
|Fig. 8 Histogram of pMIC (−log(MIC)) values of CIPTIN (Δ-cis-[Ph2Sn(CIP)2]), ({[Ag(HCIP)2]NO3˙}),8PenAg [Ag(Pen)(CH3OH)]2, (HPen = penicillin),9HCIP·HCl, HCIP, PenNa, DPTD and AgNO3, against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli.
CIPTIN exhibits stronger activity compared to ciprofloxacin against both the tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as [Me3Sn(CIP)] and [Cy3Sn(CIP)],13 suggesting that the presence of the tin(IV) ion enhances the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin even more (Table 1, Fig. 8). Although the activity of DPTC is significantly lower than that of CIPTIN, this should be attributed to the synergistic effect of both the organotin moiety and ciprofloxacin. CIPTIN exhibits superior activity to penicillin against Gram negative microbes, as expected since penicillin is inactive against Gram negative bacteria microbes (Fig. 8). Against Gram positive microbes, CIPTIN exhibits stronger activity against S. epidermidis, while penicillin shows higher activity against S. aureus (Fig. 8). Given the fact that ciprofloxacin exhibits stronger activity than penicillin against S. epidermidis, while penicillin against S. aureus, CIPTIN follows the relative efficiency of ciprofloxacin towards penicillin. Among the compounds of ciprofloxacin, CIPTIN exhibits higher activity compared to CIPAG against S. epidermidis, which however is more effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (Fig. 8). Therefore, the antibiotic activity is differentiated by the type of metal ion which coordinates with the drug. Moreover, among organotins, [Me3Sn(CIP)] and [Cy3Sn(CIP)]13 show stronger activity compared to CIPTIN against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (Table 1). However, this should be assigned to the higher toxicity of tri-organotin moieties than to that of di-organotin moieties. Although PenAg shows better activity against S. aureus, CIPTIN, however is more drastic against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, where ciprofloxacin itself shows better activity compared to free penicillin (Fig. 8). Therefore, the activity of the metallodrug follows the corresponding efficiency of the antibiotic, regardless of the type of metal ion Sn(IV) or Ag(I). Moreover, CIPTIN shows superior activity to that of silver(I) nitrate against all the tested microbes (Fig. 8), confirming that the conclusion is already drawn for the synergy of the metal ion with the drug on the activity of the metallodrug. CIPTIN eliminates the biofilm in a similar manner to that of the drug (Table 1). The in vitro toxicity of CIPTIN against HaCaT cells shows a selectivity index (SI) higher than 1 suggesting a wide therapeutic window, while its in vitro genotoxicity is even lower than that of HCIP·HCl or HCIP.
In conclusion, the coordination of a drug on a metal ion strongly enhances its activity. The antimicrobial information which has been stored in a drug affects the activity of the metallodrug and it is affected by the coordination demands stored in the metal ion, creating a combination of a new entity with enhanced and novel biological properties.
CIPTIN: Yellowish crystal, melting point: > 300 °C; elemental analysis found: C: 59.55; H: 4.92; N: 9.23%; calculated for C46H44N6O6F2Sn: C: 59.19; H: 4.75; N: 9.00%. IR (cm−1), (KBr): 3906w, 2965w, 2698w, 2487w, 2111w, 1918w, 1604w, 1474w, 1265s, 1142s, 1025s, 944vs, 809s, 739vs, 628s, 446s; 1H NMR (ppm) in DMSO-d6: 8.87 (s, H[Npiperazine ring]), 8.67 (s, H[2C]), 7.95–7.92 (d, H[5C]), 7.79–7.81 (d, H[8C]), 7.72–7.58 (m, Ph-), 7.31–7.16 (m, Ph-), 3.85 (s, H[aC]), 3.47 (d, H[cC]), 1.33 (m, cyclopropyl CH2), 1.19 (m, cyclopropyl CH2); UV-vis (DMSO): λ = 284 nm (logε = 4.68), λ = 320 nm (logε = 4.21), 331 nm, (logε = 4.20).
CIPTIN: C46H44N6O6F2Sn, MW = 933.612, monoclinic, space group I2/a, a = 14.7410(6), b = 20.2602(5), c = 18.8558(7) Å, α = 90, β = 111.400(4), γ = 90°, V = 5243.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, T = 100 K, ρ (calc) = 1.183 g cm−3, μ = 4.320 mm−1, F(000) = 1912. 10180 reflections measured, 4682 unique (Rint = 0.052). The final R1 = 0.0523 (for 3818 reflections with I > 2σ(I)) and wR(F2) = 0.1428 (all data) S = 0.99.
HCIP: C17H18FN3O3, MW = 331.34, triclinic, space group P, a = 7.8945(7), b = 8.5010(7), c = 10.7522(9) Å, α = 87.440(7), β = 84.496(7), γ = 88.912(7)°, V = 717.47(11) Å3, Z = 2, T = 100 K, ρ (calc) = 1.534 g cm−3, μ = 0.967 mm−1, F(000) = 348. 4189 reflections measured, 2531 unique (Rint = 0.041). The final R1 = 0.0511 (for 1996 reflections with I > 2σ(I)) and wR(F2) = 0.1440 (all data) S = 1.07.
Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structure reported in this paper has been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication no. CCDC 1993746 (CIPTIN), CCDC 2002394 (HCIP).†
|† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 1993746 and 2002394. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/D0DT01665A
|This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020


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As Covid-19 was ravaging other sectors in Africa since it was announced in March 2020, the payments industry was evolving as consumers sought options that worked.
Read: Africa's emerging 'contactless economy' creates new growth opportunities
Cellulant Kenya country Manager Faith Nkatha says that trends in digital payments pre and post-Covid have shifted to favour payment platforms offering the solution.
In 2019, for instance, Cellulant processed US$5.7 billion worth of payments in Kenya alone. This accelerated in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic where the company registered a 40 per cent increase. The company expects that the growth will hit 50 per cent in projections for the close of 2021.
The growth witnessed in Kenya is reflective of the payments landscape in the rest of Africa.
In the beginning, Consumers sought alternative digital payment methods as physical establishments were closed, and when they reopened, these methods provided safer payment alternatives in an effort to contain the spread of Covid-19.
That is no longer the case as the shift in customer behaviour is strengthening digital payments adoption across several business sectors.
For Cellulant, the rising number of merchant clients choosing digital payments means that the company has to develop new payment frameworks and expand relationships to meet this growing demand.
Nkatha Gitonga notes that the increased demand for their services is due to the number of customers from e-commerce companies, airlines, e-commerce companies, online travel agencies, ride-hailing companies, online travel agencies, utilities, and telecommunications who are requesting more platform-style digital products and payment methods diversity.
She added that Cellulant believes that growth in the payments technology space extends beyond the ease with which payments are made and received.
The benefits of digital payments' security and ease are crucial for the financial inclusion and economic empowerment of millions of people across Africa, empowering them to take the reins of development and transform the continent.
An Ericsson report: Mobile Financial Services on the Rise notes that mobile financial services use in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have more than tripled in six years.
The report reveals that close to 50 per cent of all financial services consumers in 2021 in the SSA use mobile.
Corroborating Cellulant's growth assertions during the pandemic, the Ericsson report notes that the effect of Covid-19 on mobile financial services uptake saw 54 per cent of consumers saying they used mobile financial services more.
Additionally, mobile financial services have become the preferred contactless alternative to cash with about 70 per cent being more positive to it since it is contactless.
From the report, the trends in the coming days will even see more adoption of digital payment services.
According to the findings, mobile money users will most likely increase their usage in the near future since transactions can be completed more quickly.
Nearly two-thirds of respondents said that faster transactions and increased security encourage them to use mobile money services more frequently.
Read: In Africa's Fintech Revolution, traditional banks can still gain advantage
Eight out of ten people who have not used mobile banking services yet say they are "extremely interested" in doing so.
Some of the key insights from the Ericsson report are:
1. Mobile money use is increasing
Consumers are appreciating the advantages of mobile money, with the number of users tripling in Ghana, quadrupling in Angola, and doubling in Nigeria since 2015. Approximately half of the consumers in the nations examined now do so with their phones.
2. The contactless transactions increased with Covid-19
As a result of the pandemic's new standards, 54 per cent of customers report that they now use mobile money services more frequently now. Additionally, approximately 70 per cent now prefer mobile payments as a contactless alternative to cash.
3. Communications service providers (CSPs) are still leading
CSPs are the most common mobile money providers, accounting for up to 90 per cent of SSA mobile money customers. In comparison, providers like banks, remittance businesses, financial payment companies, and social media companies contact around three out of every ten mobile money users in the region.
4. Users still trust CSPs more
In the region, nine out of ten consumers show some level of trust in CSPs to provide services. Additionally, CSPs are connected with a higher level of trust than other types of mobile money providers, with trust serving as the primary driver of customer satisfaction among mobile money consumers.
5. Time is money
50 per cent of mobile money users believe that the most significant benefit of mobile money transactions is time savings. Consumers can avoid lengthy processes for remittances by using faster digital money transactions. This includes travel, queuing, and the transaction itself. Faster transactions would also encourage current customers to increase their use of mobile money services in future, either through increased use of digital transactions and/or simpler cash in and out visits to agents.
6. Benefits to society
Mobile money is seen positively by society. For example, over three-quarters feel that mobile money will lessen low-income people's vulnerability to economic, social, and environmental shocks, as well as disasters, by assisting them with financial transactions. Additionally, 73 per cent view it as a catalyst for small and medium-sized businesses. This will assist them with bookkeeping capabilities, cash flow management and simple access to loans.
The region's growth potential is considerable, as seen by the large number of people who have not yet adopted mobile money services. Non-users account for around half of the region's total addressable market.
Their enthusiasm is great, with 4 in 5 indicating a strong desire in beginning to use mobile money services no matter the supplier, while only 2 per cent indicate no interest at all.
Their enthusiasm is great, with 4 in 5 indicating a strong desire in beginning to use mobile money from any supplier, while only 2 per cent indicate no interest at all.
There is substantial interest in mobile money services across numerous consumer categories — regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, being banked or unbanked, living in an urban or rural region, or having a smartphone or feature phone.
There is substantial interest in mobile money services across numerous consumer categories — regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, banked or not, living anywhere or having a smartphone or feature phone.
At least 80 per cent of consumers in each of these consumer groups exhibit a strong desire to begin using such services. The highest level of interest comes from individuals who have already banked.


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NEW YORK, Sept. 17, 2018 /PRNewswire-HISPANIC PR WIRE/ — Hennessy, the world's best-selling Cognac, celebrates Canelo Alvarez's monumental win as he becomes the WBC, WBA and Ring Magazine Middleweight World Champion in boxing's biggest match of the year.
Canelo's continued "Never stop. Never settle." journey came to a pinnacle this weekend, just minutes before Mexican Independence Day, as he entered the ring to represent his family, country and legacy. Elevating himself to the pride of Mexico and the face of boxing, Canelo's victory served as a timely reminder of his relentless chase to be a champion.
"Canelo's drive, determination and ongoing quest to push the limits of potential represent the collective dream of his country and is aligned with our brand philosophy. We are honored to have partnered with such an inspiring individual," said Giles Woodyer, Senior Vice President, Hennessy US.
Intended to encourage others to "Never stop. Never settle.," Hennessy's partnership with Oscar De La Hoya's Golden Boy Promotions, now in its second year, includes Hennessy's support of the entire Golden Boy camp with custom content around televised ESPN fights, in addition to a series of video releases, special events, and cross-channel promotions.
Hennessy invites boxing fans across the globe to toast to Canelo's victory with this specialty V.S.O.P Privilège cocktail:
Hennessy V.S.O.P Privilège Despacito
- 1 ½ oz. Hennessy V.S.O.P Privilège
- ¼ oz. elderflower liquer
- ¼ oz. honey syrup (equal parts water and honey)
- ½ oz. fresh lemon juice
- 2 oz. unfiltered apple juice
- 6-8 mint leaves
Method: Combine all ingredients, shake & strain into a rocks glass with ice.
To view/download the new creative along with fight night pics, please click HERE.
For more information, please visit www.Hennessy.com/US
About Hennessy
From the French region of Cognac and throughout its over 250 year history, Hennessy has proudly perpetuated an exceptional heritage based on adventure, discovery and cultivating the best that nature and man can offer. Hennessy's longevity and success across five continents reflect the values the Maison has upheld since its creation: the transmission of a unique savoir-faire, the constant (con)quest for innovation, and an unwavering commitment to Creation, Excellence, Legacy, and Sustainable Development. Today, these qualities are the hallmark of a House – a crown jewel in the LVMH Group – that crafts some of the most iconic, prestigious Cognacs in the world.
Hennessy is imported and distributed in the U.S. by Moët Hennessy USA. Hennessy distills, ages and blends spanning a full range: Hennessy V.S, Privilege V.S.O.P, Hennessy Black, X.O, Privé, Paradis, Paradis Imperial and Richard Hennessy. For more information and where to purchase/ engrave, please visit Hennessy.com.
About Golden Boy Promotions
Los Angeles-based Golden Boy Promotions was established in 2002 by 10-time world champion in six divisions Oscar De La Hoya, the first Hispanic to own a national boxing promotional company. Golden Boy Promotions is one of boxing's most active and respected promoters, presenting shows in packed venues around the world and has worked with networks such as HBO, Estrella TV, ESPN, TeleFutura, FOX Sports 1, FOX Deportes, Televisa and TV Azteca. The company has also promoted some of the top boxing events in the history of the sport including De La Hoya vs. Mayweather, Mayweather vs. Canelo and other notable pay-per-view fights featuring fan-favorites Canelo Alvarez, Bernard Hopkins, Juan Manuel "Dinamita" Marquez, Miguel Cotto, Marco "Baby Faced Assassin" Antonio Barrera, Erik "El Terrible" Morales and Sugar Shane Mosley.
For more information, visit www.goldenboypromotions.com, follow on Instagram and Twitter at @GoldenBoyBoxing and like on Facebook at www.facebook.com/GoldenBoyBoxing.
Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/745173/Hennessy_Canelo_Alvarez_Giles_Woodyer.jpg
Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/745174/Hennessy_Canelo_Alvarez_Post_Fight.jpg
Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/745175/Hennessy_Giles_Woodyer.jpg
Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/631050/Hennessy_Logo.jpg
SOURCE Hennessy


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Matt Brown "headlines" a solid undercard also featuring the return of Mike Swick this July 11, 2015 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.
The Line Up
Preliminary Card (Fox Sports 1)
Welterweight Matt Brown vs. Tim Means
Welterweight Mike Swick vs. Alex Garcia
Welterweight Cathal Pendred vs. John Howard
Bantamweight Cody Garbrandt vs. Henry Briones
Preliminary Card (UFC Fight Pass)
Flyweight Neil Seery vs. Louis Smolka
Lightweight Yosdenis Cedeno vs. Cody Pfister
The Odds
Matt Brown -185 Tim Means +160
Cathal Pendred -120 John Howard +100
Alex Garcia -400 Mike Swick +325
Cody Garbrandt -600 Henry Briones +450
Louis Smolka -115 Neil Seery -105
Cody Pfister +165 Yosdenis Cedeno -190
3 Things You Should Know
1. UFC Fight Pass needs more fights like Smolka vs. Seery, and Pfister vs. Cedeno. It might actually be worth buying if we were guaranteed a steady stream of sweet chin music.
And why shouldn't Smolka enjoy the fruits of his labor?
This was easily one of the more impressive KO's of the year. The fighter from Hawaii Elite MMA has been doing underrated work even when you ignore his last bout. Ozkilic may be getting his walking papers, but he's a solid fighter, and Smolka didn't embarrass himself against Chris Cariaso. All the same, he's facing a very tough opposing style in Neil Seery. Despite his age, Seery blends his technical boxing and acumen into a very deliberate tapestry of violent attrition. He's not a massive puncher, but his accuracy, technique, and durability make him the ideal foil for the somewhat aloof kickboxing of Smolka.
Pfister didn't look very impressive against James Moontasri, who himself didn't impress against Joe Ellenberger. And that's why this fight is worth a Fight Pass spot; it will end quickly, or failing that, end violently. Pfister is a young kid who deserves the benefit of the doubt. He's got a solid foundation to work with, having kickboxing experience and workmanlike wrestling acumen but it's hard to envision a world where he's able to deal with Yosdenis' power. Cedeno isn't exactly a prospect, so if Pfister has suddenly picked up new tricks, he could conceivably grind a win out, but I wouldn't bank on it. Especially as Cedeno has gotten valuable training experience with teams like the Blackzillians.
2. Cathal Pendred vs. John Howard feels like Joe Silva trolling UFC fans. Cody Garbrandt vs. Henry Briones does not.
Pendred seems like a thoughtful guy. In addition, who hasn't taken Joe Rogan to task for overdosing on cherrypicked narratives?
But that's the cost of being a public figure. Just like Pendred can criticize Rogan's commentary, Rogan can criticize Pendred's fighting. And nothing about a Pendred fight inspires excitement except for the modest exhilaration of "fondly" remembering some of the most awful fights in UFC history. But Pendred doesn't need to worry about whether or not he's a punchline for bloggers who get bored easily watching him fight. He's 4-0 in the UFC. No matter how he got there, he's moving forward at his own pace so he's doing something right.
Unfortunately this could finally be Pendred's moment to turn that criticism around, and yet it might not matter because John Howard has been in just as many stinkers as Pendred. There's just no way I can see this fight being anything other than the equivalent of hanging out with your grandmother at a smocking guild. Both guys have a tendency to experience bouts of narcolepsy in the clinch. Howard is a decent puncher, but he's completely averse to pulling his right hand trigger. Pendred just grinds out what he can with takedowns without offering much else. He can take the criticism however he likes, but his 4-0 streak will end if isn't able to diversify his game. Even guys lampooned as "lay and prayers" like Jon Fitch always had deft grappling to be successful (his solid if amusing display against Diego Sanchez, while kind of outlier, is nonetheless an example of what I'm talking about).
Garbrandt is being given a bit of a political soft ball, but that's fine. Young prospects need fights like this. If you happened to miss his fight with Marcus Brimage, find it. If not, here he is in action.
He's different than his Alpha Male brethren in that his striking is much more focused, and linear. Instead of winging big shots to phase shift, or switching levels to land big shots, Garbrandt stays on the pocket with excellent combinations that have a good degree of pop hence his six knockouts in six fights.
3. Alas, Matt Brown vs. Tim Means and Mike Swick vs. Alex Garcia punctuate the Fox Sports 1 card with some solid welterweight action.
Brown gave a few of the past and present WW champions all they could handle. I was almost certain Johny Hendricks and Robbie Lawler would just blaze through Brown, but his ability to turn the phrase "pressure fighter" into something meaningful, fiercely efficient has made me look like kind of an idiot in recent years. I could never wash the Sadollah off him in my mind. He's in another tough fight that feels eerily familiar to the Seth Baczynski he lost back in 2011; a big framed WW who doesn't back down easily, and can apply pressure of his own. The only reason Means isn't a better underdog here is that he's so good in the clinch, he's more likely to die by the sword than continue living by it. This fight is way more competitive than it looks, and I'll keep on being a modest skeptic when it comes to Brown, especially as age catches up to him, but he should be able to outclinchwar Means.
Swick's return is frankly, welcome from this writer's point of view. Knee injuries and misdiagnosed stomach diseases have kept less active than he would like, and he took some time off in recent years to build Thailand's premiere MMA gym. Swick started out as a Dustin Poirier type (if you ignore the TUF aroma); a very slick, high ceiling prospect still a little rough around the edges. He became a solid MW until running into Yushin Okami, who was a tank back then. And he had consistent success until 2009 and 2010. He's always been craftier than given credit for. But it's hard to envision dealing with Garcia's strength and power. It's true Swick bares a modest resemblance to the Magny's style, who defeated Garcia, but unlike Magny, Swick has a history of being overpowered and against DaMarques Johnson, which is a really special fight that deserves lots and lots of rewatches, his cardio became an issue. I just don't think time has been very kind to Swick.
Matt Brown by Split Decision
Alex Garcia by Decision
Sean Spencer by Decision
Cody Garbrandt by KO, round 1
Seery by TKO, round 2
Cedeno by TKO, round 2


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ISU introduces agricultural business plan competition
Have an agricultural business idea and want $5,000?
Iowa State University and 14 other schools have teamed up to create the Agricultural Business Plan Competition for students.
The competition will hand out three awards to entrepreneurs who have an idea that relates to agriculture. The deadline to submit ideas is Nov. 15.
"Today's ag environment is as challenging as ever, so to secure our future we will need growers and ag industry professionals with true vision and an entrepreneurial spirit," said Stine Seed founder Harry Stine in a statement. Stine is one of the sponsors of the program.
"The best way for us to find the ag leaders of tomorrow is to look for those individuals that show promise and then provide programs and resources to help them hone their skills."
The competition is open to students of schools in several Midwestern states, including Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Minnesota. A full list of schools can be found at the competition's website.
Final business plan presentations will be held at Iowa State University in January.
"It is a privilege for Summit Group to be associated with this worthwhile new program and to have the opportunity to recognize and reward these future entrepreneurs," said Bruce Rastetter, CEO of Summit Group, another sponsor. "The importance of entrepreneurship in today's world can't be overstated — and its role for tomorrow's agriculture is vital."


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Rebel Reset: Trauma Recovery Yoga
Jul. 12, 2021, 8am to 9am
Campus Location
Office/Remote Location
Room number 302
Our bodies hold on to trauma long after the physical or emotional injury has passed, limiting our ability to properly heal. Trauma Recovery Yoga (TRY) teaches methods of self-regulation, visualizations, and affirmations to release the effects of trauma.
No cost
Admission Information
Registration limited to 20 people.
Contact Information
External Sponsor
Rebel Reset


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What You Need to Know About Google Analytics
When it comes to analyzing visitor behavior, Google Analytics offers a wealth of information. This includes bounce rate (the percentage of visitors that view one page), sessions (a collection of interactions within a 30-minute window), pages/session, goal completions and conversions. Learn more about the various types of data available from this program and get started today. Below are some tips for understanding these reports. These metrics can also be used to increase your company's profitability.
Understanding some metrics is key to understanding how visitors interact with your site. To improve the performance of your website, you can measure how long users spend on each page. The session quality metric shows the number of pages viewed per session. The session quality metric can also help you identify which channels are struggling with engagement. Lastly, there is the conversion rate, which is the pan-ultimate metric in web analytics. The conversion rate measures how many visitors complete the desired actions, like signing up for your newsletter or making a purchase.
If your pageviews are high, it could indicate that visitors have not engaged with your site. The average number of pageviews may indicate that a website is not appealing to the masses. The average session length may not reflect user engagement. It is therefore not possible to use this as a key performance indicator.
Google Analytics gives you a great overview of your site's usage, in addition to the previously mentioned KPIs. In addition to that, it also provides information on how visitors find specific products or pages. You can create the website you want to attract the best traffic by understanding what visitors are searching for. Analytics can be used to enhance your email marketing campaigns, paid advertising, and social media campaigns. You can increase the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns, and eventually make more sales.
Google Analytics metrics also show you the amount of traffic to your site. The source of traffic can be either direct or from a search engine. It can be difficult to identify the source of traffic. Therefore, it is important to know where visitors come from. You can choose to display this information in the Behavior report and the Source of the traffic in the Audience report. You can personalize the design and content to better suit the needs of these countries if you are interested in learning how you can improve the customer experience.
Google Analytics dimensions refers to various levels of organizational structure. At the highest level, a user can have multiple Sessions, and one Session can have multiple Hits. Google Dimensions include the User Type and New Sessions. E-Commerce Analysis can use the product-level scope to identify which metrics are important to a particular product. This reporting can also be used to compare user behaviour across segments. The more detail you can get, the better it will be.
There are many ways to combine the various dimensions of Google Analytics. While Google offers default measurements, you can create custom descriptions to measure a unique set of characteristics. You can use the Sessions metric to combine with hit-level dimension data in order to determine which keywords led you to phone calls. To collect data about the website's usage time and log-in users, you can combine metrics and dimensions. You can import non-Google Analytics data into Google Analytics.
You can set custom dimensions or hit them. Custom dimensions are not visible in GA4 reports until they have been registered. To implement custom dimensions, send the data to GA4 along with the registration of the parameter. The data may take 24 hours to appear in reports. A custom dimension can take up to 24 hours to appear in the reports, so it's best to wait for at least a day or two before implementing it.
When you use dimensions of Google Analytics, you can also view qualitative data. For example, if you are an ecommerce merchant, you can use the dimension value landing page to see what pages are most popular among new users. Similarly, if you're an ecommerce merchant, you can use the dimension value landing page to learn about the performance of your products. In addition to analyzing how well your products perform in each category, you can also view metrics that measure how well they rank on different pages.
Google Analytics has powerful tools that allow you to separate data sets to analyse and compare. These filters are applied to the overall data and can include dimensions and metrics such as Returning Users, Bounced Sessions, and Converts. This allows you to compare and analyze data in more detail. Segments can also be used for many years, even after they are deleted. Here are some of the benefits of segments:
The behavior segment is an effective way to segment users according to their behavior. The date of the first visit, the number of visits, and the frequency can all be used to target certain audiences. Users can be segmented based on their browsing habits and behaviors, as well as transactions. You can create custom segments based on these characteristics, as well. You can also use the source of traffic option to narrow down your data to specific users. UTM parameter tags can be used to further segment users by source.
Creating user-based segments allows you to select the date range over which your visitors can visit your site. These date ranges are usually around 93 days. A single view can have up to 1000 segments. The default date range for user-based segments is 93 days. A user with more than 1,000 sessions will be considered bot traffic. This way, you can see which pages are popular and which ones are not.
When analyzing the data in Google Analytics, you can create custom segments and metrics. Google Analytics has a variety of pre-defined and default system segments. Before creating your own, make sure to look through the list of available segments. It is easier to compare results when you have custom segments. You can also analyze the data within them. You'll be able to determine which are the most lucrative for you. Use Google Analytics to your advantage!
ID of the user
You can use the User ID feature to track your customers' behavior and identify the stages of the customer journey. However, it's important to remember that a User ID will only work if the user logs in to your site. Without this feature, you won't be able to track anonymous users. It can be used in combination with email addresses or other identifiers. The User ID can be used to link sessions with Google Analytics if your site collects email addresses.
First, enable the User ID feature within your Google Analytics account to get started. You can enable this feature on any website that provides login functionality or social media platforms. This feature should be enabled before you set up Google Analytics. After activating the feature you need to embed the tracking code on your site and then send IDs from Google Analytics. To get started, follow the steps outlined below.
A Google Analytics User ID is a unique combination of alphanumeric characters that identifies a website user. It allows you to identify one user on multiple devices or browsers. This makes it easy to track and measure specific users' behavior. It also allows you to associate multiple sessions with the same user across multiple devices. This feature is especially useful for cross-device measurement and helps you fix attribution issues. You may want to set up a Google Analytics UserID for your app or website if you are a business owner.
A User-ID, which is an identifier that enables you to track users' experience, is a crucial part of user tracking. Regardless of how many people visit your website, you must understand how their behavior differs from that of a non-logged-in user. This feature allows you to track each user individually and see what makes them tick. The user ID can be used to track users' activity on a different device. You can integrate the user ID feature in your analytics account.
User retention
You can measure customer retention by observing how much time a visitor spends on your site. You can use time on your website to determine if you are building customer loyalty or keeping current customers satisfied. Other metrics you should consider include average order value, negative testimonials, and direct or indirect communication with your customers. Google Analytics can help you understand how long your users stay on your website. Continue reading for additional information.
The data retention period you set in Google Analytics is entirely up to you. Retaining user data will help you build custom reports or apply custom segments to your reports. However, you should keep in mind that you need the user and event data for advanced features, such as creating unusual custom reports. By reducing your retention period, you'll be deleting data during the next monthly process. So if you're looking to measure the value of your audience, consider changing the retention period to one month or three months.
User retention is best measured through the cohort chart. For example, if 100 people visit your website on September 9, two will return on September 16 and ten on September 10. This shows how much people are returning to your site and how many new users you've acquired. To understand how long a user has been on your site, you should track the number of visitors who come to your website through paid ads and organic search. Google Analytics can help you determine how many of those visitors are returning.
Cohort analysis is another useful tool. A group of users who share a similar characteristic is called a cohort. For example, a user with the same Acquisition Date (ACD) as a new user will be grouped into the same cohort. Cohort analysis can also help you determine the percent of customers who come back after two or eight days. This analysis is very valuable for industries and B2B companies that require long-term commitment.


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This site is a beta, which means it's a work in progress and we'll be adding more to it over the next few weeks. Your feedback helps us make things better, so please let us know what you think.
08:22 05/04/2022
Police are appealing for witnesses following a robbery in Kingsway Park, Chester.
At 8.32pm on 29 March a 19-year-old man was on the bridge in the park when he was approached by three males.
The man was assaulted and the suspects then fled with his eScooter. An axe was discarded and has not yet been located - officers are appealing for anyone who sees it to contact police.
DC Carl Humphreys said:
"We have been making a number of enquiries in the area and have arrested two boys aged 16 and one who is 15.
"I would urge anyone who witnessed the robbery or has any information that may help to contact us."
Anyone with information should contact Cheshire Police via the website quoting IML 1233807.
Alternatively information can be given anonymously by contacting Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


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winter sale ends 5/2
Vitra at the Tramshed + new Jean Prouve collection
The idea for the ES106 Soft Pad Chaise came from a long-standing friend of the Eameses, film director Billy Wilder, who was looking for a recliner for relaxing in and taking short rests. Six cushions joined together with zips are attached to the aluminium frame and there are two loose cushions for extra support, making this one of the most comfortable and iconic pieces of furniture around.
Charles & Ray Eames are one of modern design's most recognisable partnerships. Born in the early part of the 20th Century Charles and Ray Eames married in 1941 and moved to Los Angeles, where together they began experimenting with techniques for the three-dimensional moulding of plywood. The aim was to create comfortable chairs that were affordable.
Playful and fun, the Eames' had a great energy that lives through their iconic products today. "Take your pleasure seriously" was a favourite saying of Charles Eames.
Read our article about the Eames House- a stunning Palissades home in California, the story behind the Eames lounge Chair and shop the full Vitra collection.
Chaises & Day Beds Charles & Ray Eames Seating Sofas & Chaise Lounges Vitra
Trade Discounts available
Email us or phone the shop on 01423 524 777
If you have a question
Email us or phone the shop on 01423 524 777
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Luutkudziiwus launch B.C. Supreme Court challenge to pipeline
A proposed pipeline that would feed natural gas into B.C.'s most promising LNG project is facing a legal hurdle from a First Nations group. The Luutkudziiwus, a 600-member house of the Gitxsan Nation, plans to file a judicial review in B.C. Supreme Court challenging regulatory permits issued for the Prince Rupert Gas Transmission pipeline, a 900-kilometre line that would stretch from Hudson's Hope in northeast B.C. to the Pacific Northwest LNG plant proposed for Lelu Island o


text: << Tuesday 23 December, 2003This page was originally published on Wednesday 24 December, 2003.Browse our archives: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Friday 26 December, 2003 >>Click here to read today's edition! >> Asia Business Daily Search the World News Network Any Language Afrikaans Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Hausa Hungarian Indonesian Italian Malay Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog Turkish Advanced Search Asia Daily Politics Correspondent Money Sport Politics ASEAN WFP Asia WN Asia WN RELATED Asia Maritime Political Asia East Asia News Asia Pacific Money Elle Asian WN N Asia Asia Daily Southeast Asia Asia Sport News BUSINESS WN Economy WN Energy WN Industry WN Money Finance Economics Aluminium Banking News Bitechs Oil Coal Trade Cocoa Investment Globe Cranes Petrol Oil prices Crops Daily Break Bulk Heavy Construction Copper Diamonds Energy Gas Global Trading Heavy Industry Helicopters Internet Insurance Maritime Opec Ports Steel REGIONAL WN Asia WN Africa WN Australasia WN Caribbean WN Europe WN Mideast WN C. 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Asian Business and Research News Portal Asian Business Strategy Business - in - Asia.com Insight to doing business in Asia Netsource Asia - Business Trade Directory & Direct Marketing NIKKEI ASIA NEWS Reuters Asia Business Report www.AsiaGateway.com BOOKMARK THIS PAGE! MAKE THIS PAGE YOUR HOMEPAGE! Breaking News Wed, 24 Dec 2003 Japan S korea Health Washington Photos 'Mad Cow Disease' Scare Hits U.S. Beef Japan and South Korea banned US beef imports today following an announcement that a recently slaughtered cow had tested for positive for BSE. | The discovery in an animal from a Washington state farm ... (photo: WorldPhotos.com) Scotsman Asia Indonesia Environment Nature Photos Asia's economic development comes at a cost Six of the world's 15 most polluted cities are in Asia and the region generates a third of the world's carbon dioxide emissions | Every two years, Indonesia loses about four million hectares of forest... (photo: WN) Taipei Times Koizumi's highway plan leads to outcry PM accused of reneging on promise to stop building of money-losing roads; two advisers quit in protest | TOKYO - Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi came under fire yesterday for backtracking on... (photo: WorldPhotos.com) The Straits Times Politics Tokyo Economy Asia Photos Malaysia's new dream By Chee Yoke Heong | KUALA LUMPUR - Malaysia has prided itself as the home to many grandiose creations and also humbly declared the failure of a few others. But that doesn't stop it from continuing to... (photo: Kuala Lumpur) Asia Times Malaysia Asia Technology Industry Photos Top Storiesmore Headlines 470 tonnes of rice allocated under VGF programme in Chandpur OUR CORRESPONDENT, CHANDPUR | Dec 21 : About 470 tonnes of rice have been allocated under Vulnerable Group Feeding Programme (VGF) in Chandpur district recently. | Official sources said, there are 8... (photo: Centcom) The Independent Bangladesh Agriculture Aid Trade Bangladesh Photos MMA vows not to give vote of confidence to Musharraf | By our correspondent | KARACHI: The Legal Framework Order (LFO) is another name of poverty, unemployment, vulgarity and imposition of dictatorship in the country on per... (photo: WorldPhotos.com) The News International Politics Asia Human Rights Economy Photos Low costs give Asia edge for making TV's The future of the production of television sets, like that of many other consumer goods, lies largely in low-cost areas of Asia, and especially in China. Last month, Thom... (photo: Xinhua) International Herald Tribune Asia Business Technology Industry Photos Six AIIMS-like institutes to be established soon | MYSORE : Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani on Sunday disclosed that the Union government has decided to establish six institutes of medical sciences matching the standa... (photo: PIB) The Times Of India India Medjournal Health S Asia Photos Thaksin `Person of the Year' Hangthong case best news story | Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has been overwhelmingly voted ``Outstanding Politician'' and ``Person of the Year'' by respondents to the latest Abac poll. | Mr Thaks... (photo: WN) Bangkok Post Politics Asia Economy Bangkok Photos President Hu calls for speeding up talent training Chinese President Hu Jintao has called for greater efforts for speeding up the development and training of qualified personnel for the country's modernization drive. | Ch... (photo: Xinhua) People Daily China Asia Politics Economy Photos Asian stocks rise, led by companies with global focus | "The US recovery looks assured, with both Japan and Asia benefiting from increased exports to the US and China." | Geoff Lewis, financial services manager in Hong Kong ... (photo: WorldPhotos.com) Taipei Times Business Trade Asia Economy Photos Hong Kong says economic growth will speed up | HONG KONG: Hong Kong leader Tung Chee-hwa said on Saturday the local economy would grow at a faster pace after a recent turnaround from recession with the help of China... (photo: Xinhua) The News International Hong Kong Economy Business China Photos Japan to purchase missile-defense system from US Japan said yesterday it would buy a US-made missile defense system and conduct a review of its defense capabilities in a move that could unnerve other Asian countries. | ... (photo: UK MoD) Taipei Times Japan USA Defence Asia Photos Business Low-cost air travel coming to Asia Foreign bank to invest in Vanke project Second phase of Asia IT&C in 2004 more Economy Asia's economic development comes at a cost Japanese Stocks May Rise, Led by Canon; Toshiba May Advance Koizumi's highway plan leads to outcry more Market Japan, S Korea ban US beef imports on mad cow fears Japanese Stocks May Rise, Led by Canon; Toshiba May Advance Asian Stocks: Japanese Exporters May Gain, BHP Might Advance more China India Five features for China's economy in 2003 Golden Sachs' prophesy: China's economy expected to be ahead CAE pilot-training joint venture grows in China China's Christmas strictly business Bank of Japan opens office in Beijing more Fresh concessions for cellular players US ships jobs to India on the sly Rabri asks PM to clear Rs 40,144 crore economic aid for Biha US companies moving more jobs to India but quietly David Zie Right to self-determination must for Kashmir settlement more Japan South Korea 'Mad-cow' fallout begins: Japan, S. Korea halt U.S. beef imp Japan sets $760 billion budget Japan cuts FY 2004 defense budget by record 1% Greying Japan sees budget swell 'Mad Cow Disease' Scare Hits U.S. Beef more Asian Countries Block Beef Exports from US Asian Nations Block U.S. Beef Imports Asian Nations Block U.S. Beef Imports Asian Nations Block U.S. Beef Imports North Korea unlikely to follow Libya's path more Vietnam Thailand Vietnam produces nano material Amata gets another project in Vietnam 12,000 rai plot for 30 Corruption a major threat to Indonesian business Vietnam prepares for shrimp showdown with US House urges govt to ban sugar import more Asia's economic development comes at a cost PTT takes over Philippine venture Asian stocks little changed Asian stocks little changed ahead of holidays ECONOMIC Asia's economic development comes at a cost more Taiwan Pakistan Banks near targets set for bad debt Ties with Hong Kong companies could ease entry into China ma Credit, cash card use may lead to high consumer debt: analys Taiwan halts US beef imports New York's skyline begins to heal more Arnold steers Sri Lanka A to win over Pakistanis Pakistan pace to the fore Pakistan's Economy Rapidly Improving: ADB 350,000 Manpower Export Target For Next Year: Lalika Right to self-determination must for Kashmir settlement more Top | Languages | Jobs | Submit Photos | WN Links | WN Network | © 2003 World News Network | Contact our Advertising team for Advertising and Sponsorship on WorldNews.com and WorldNews Network


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Adam Kay was left rather taken aback on Friday night after a boozed-up intruder made their way backstage into his dressing room.
The 41-year-old comedian and writer was performing his one-man show 'This is Going to Hurt - Secret Diaries of A Junior Doctor' in Glasgow when a woman from the audience wandered into his dressing room and 'demolished' the snacks and booze that were laid out for the star.
Taking to Twitter to share his bizarre experience, Adam said he believed that the tipsy woman may have got lost on her way to bathroom – but she ended up using his toilet and stocked up on plenty of his food and drink before she left.
Adam, who was performing at King's Theatre also shared his relief after the intruder left his wallet and phone 'untouched' and instead, concentrated on filling their belly.
"A lovely gig at Glasgow Theatre Royal - and then back to my dressing room where a woman was taking a sh**," the comedian shared.
"In fairness to her, it was in the bathroom part of the dressing room, rather than on the floor or the table. She was pretty hammered, which might have been something to do with all the wine she'd demolished from my extremely showbiz rider."
Adam went on to explain that the intruder attempted to make the most of her time in his dressing room by stocking up on his booze – but she found herself unable to open some beer bottles.
"She'd also tried to get through the beer but couldn't find the bottle opener. She'd also been through my stuff - most of which was happily quite boring, though hadn't found my phone and wallet," he explained.
"I asked what she was doing and she told me she thought it was the toilet, which I guess it technically was.
"I imagine she got lost on her way to the loo at some point during the show (maybe keep some of those doors locked in future, guys?) and found herself in my dressing room, then decided that the wine and nibbles were a more appealing prospect than the show itself so just decided to smash through that instead."
Adam finished the Twitter thread by claiming that the intruder actually went back to the audience after having a snoop in his dressing gown, but she eventually returned backstage to avail of some more free alcohol.
"POSTSCRIPT. Oh! One of my wine glasses was found in the auditorium - so she'd in fact helped herself to the wine, gone back to the show, then thought "Actually, f**k this" and returned to my dressing room instead."
Adam's Twitter thread has left his fans in hysterics, with many calling the mysterious intruder 'an inspiration' and a 'living legend'.


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Order Flowers now for guaranteed delivery before Mildred's visitation.
Mildred A. Mills
Mildred A. Mills, 92, a former longtime resident of Beaver, Oklahoma passed away Wednesday, December 11, 2013 in Athens, Texas.
Mildred was born August 20, 1921 at Keota, Oklahoma to Everett and Valma Yoakum. She married J.D. Mills on June 16, 1938 in McAlester, Oklahoma and together they had four children; Cynthia, Judith, Jake and Mary.
Mildred was very active in the community and had a career in medical records. Her service to her Lord in the United Methodist Church was dearest to her heart. She loved baking, crafts, making Quilts and was an accomplished seamstress. Mildred loved her family and her family will miss her caring ways.
Mildred was preceded in death by her parents, Everett and Valma Yoakum; her brother and two children, Cynthia and Jake.
She is survived by her daughters, Judy Cushenberry and husband Elisha of Athens, Texas and Mary Kimery and husband, Duane of Haileyville, Oklahoma; daughter in law, Saundra Mills of Wichita, Kansas, 11 grandchildren, 19 great grandchildren and 8 great-great grandchildren and a host other relatives and friends.
To plant memorial trees or send flowers to the family in memory of Mildred Mills, please visit our flower store.
Mildred was faithful-to-the task whatever. She became my-friend when I was manager at Panhandle Nutrition, she always walked-the-dog over nextdoor to visit us outside and she loved to eat-with-us; was a faithful-supporter there. I attended several-seminar at the Methodist church over-the-years before I became a member there from a sister-denomination. I didn't get-to-enjoy her long after I became a member and active in United Methodist Women. She was indeed-missed when health would no-longer permit her to be with us here in Beaver. May God bless each-of-you, grieve as-you-must, not as others tell you is right-or-wrong. There are many-different pathways for each and no-pathway for any.
Read John 14:15 - 21
Jesus said, "I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. Before- long, the world will not see me anymore but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live. On that-day you will realize I am in my-Father, I am in you and you are in me. John 14:18 - 20 New-International version
Even-though I was an adult when my parents died, I felt a keen-sense of what it was like to be an orphan. Gone were the two-people who had nurtured me and shaped my life. Sharp-grief gave way to bewilderment, "Who am I now; who knows me deeply yet loves me anyway? The gospel of John recounts Jesus telling His-disciples although the time is coming they would see Him no-more but He would always be a part of them just- as they would forever be a part of Him.
So it has been with my parents. I see now even-after their-deaths, their example of loving-kindness continues to teach me and guide my- life. That goes deeper than just warm-memories. My parents are in me at a deep-level, deeper than the mind can comprehend and as-deep as the heart. Surely God was their-heart's teacher.
In the same-way I come to know God through the life and love of Jesus. Nurturing that-relationship through prayer, study, giving and serving keeps me forever-connected to the living-God.
Gracious-God, let who we are reflect who You are in all we do. Amen
Because of God's great-love for us, we are never-orphaned.
Jackie R. Sheldon Dec 13 2013 12:00 AM


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The Tampa Bay Bandits will meet the Pittsburgh Maulers in USFL action on Sunday night from Protective Stadium in Birmingham, Alabama.
Tampa Bay will be coached by former Kansas City Chiefs head coach Todd Haley and will have quarterback Jordan Ta'amu under center. Meanwhile, Pittsburgh will have former NFL fifth-round pick Kyle Lauletta at quarterback while Kirby Wilson will be their head coach.
We will have you covered throughout the USFL season, here is everything you need to know to watch and stream the action tonight.
Tampa Bay Bandits vs. Pittsburgh Maulers
- When: Sunday, April 17
- Time: 8:00 p.m. ET
- TV Channel: FS1, FS1 4K
- Live Stream: fuboTV (watch for free)
USFL Week 1 Schedule
Houston Gamblers at Michigan Panthers: Sunday, April 17, noon ET (NBC, Peacock)
Philadelphia Stars vs New Orleans Breakers: Sunday, April 17, 4 p.m. ET (USA), streaming: fuboTV
Tampa Bay Bandits at Pittsburgh Maulers: Sunday, April 17, 8 p.m. ET (FS1), streaming: fuboTV
USFL Odds and Betting Lines
USFL odds courtesy of Tipico Sportsbook. Odds were last updated Sunday at 7:05 p.m. ET.
Tampa Bay Bandits (-6) vs. Pittsburgh Maulers
Want some action on the USFL? Place your legal sports bets on this game or others in CO & NJ at Tipico Sportsbook.
We recommend interesting sports viewing/streaming and betting opportunities. If you sign up for a service by clicking one of the links, we may earn a referral fee. Newsrooms are independent of this relationship and there is no influence on news coverage.


text: Day One Thousand and Sixty Posted on April 2, 2017 by samanthacares Hi Viewers, "I've learned from experience that the greater part of our happiness or misery depends on our dispositions and not on our circumstances." Martha Washington!! Everyone can do EVERYTHING 🙂 if you just stay optimistic and positive!! XOXO. S. Share this:TwitterFacebookLike this:Like Loading... Related


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Body Genes And PE Gains Relation Theory
I have been looking into this for a while, I have identified what type of body I have by reading up on the 3 types that exist. I think most of you here will be able to do the same. I am basing this study on a theory made by William Sheldon who said that there are 3 types of body genes, and want to discuss if the same thing can be associated with PE and GAINS. Most would probably say no. I'm not sure if anyone here has already covered this theory and related it with PE, but I thought Id do so anyway.
The theory behind my thoughts are…. Do our genes hold the same gaining ability's for PE that they do for bodybuilding. Most of you will be shaking your head and thinking, our penis is not a muscle (though it does contains some). A lot of you might be nodding your heads and I understand why, but I want to look closer and the 3 types of body genes, which some of you will already know.
We have known for quite some time now in bodybuilding that different body types respond differently to both training and nutrition. As a result, it is incredibly important to be aware of what your body type is so that you can design a training and workout program accordingly. In this article, the history of body types and some interesting pieces of information to help you identify them will be mentioned. But first lets have a look at the man who came up with the theory of the 3 body types.
William Sheldon
William Sheldon (1898-1977) was an American psychologist who spent his life observing all the variety of human bodies. He taught at several universities and spent his career doing valuable research. As a child he was an avid observer of animals and birds, and as he grew up, this hobby turned into a strong ability to observe the human body.
Here are the body types, (which one are you?)
The basics of body types are listed below:
The ECTOMORPH
Definitive "Hard Gainer"
Delicate Built Body
Flat Chest
Lightly Muscled
Small Shouldered
Takes Longer to Gain Muscle
The extreme ectomorph physique is a fragile and delicate one. The bones are light, joints are small and muscles are slight. The limbs are relatively long in proportion and the shoulders droop. The ectomorph is a linear physique. Straight up and straight down, and may appear longer than he or she really is, due to the length of limbs coupled with lack of muscle mass developed on those limbs. The ectomorph is not naturally powerful and will have to work hard for every ounce of muscle and every bit of strength he or she can gain.
Other Ectomorph Traits
The extreme ectomorph may have long fingers, toes and neck are long. A pencil neck you could say. The features of the face are sharp, and the shape of the face is triangular. The lower jaw is somewhat receding. The skin tends to burn easily. Extreme ectomorphs may suffer from extremes of temperature. Due to the great body area in relation to muscle mass, the ectomorph may suffer from great heat, and due to low body fat, the ectomorph may suffer from great cold. The hair is fine and grows quickly and is sometimes difficult to keep in place.
Famous Ectomorphs
Lisa Kudrow, Kate Moss, Brad Pitt, Seth Green, Edward Norton.
The MESOMORPH
Hard Body
Hourglass Shaped (Female)
Rectangular Shaped (Male)
Mature Muscle Mass
Muscular Body
Excellent Posture
Gains Muscle Easily
Gains Fat More Easily Than Ectomorphs
Thick Skin
The Mesomorph Body
The mesomorph has well-defined muscles and large bones. The torso tapers to a relatively narrow and low waist. The bones and muscles of the head are prominent. Features of the face are clearly defined, such as cheek bones and a square, heavy jaw. The face is long and broad, and is cubicle in shape. Arms and legs are developed and even the digits of the hand are muscled.
Other Traits of the Mesomorph
The skin of the mesomorph is thick and the mesomorph tans well. The hair is heavy in texture.
Famous Mesomorphs
Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone, the majority of Mr. Universe winners.
Soft Body
Underdeveloped Muscles
Round Physique
Weight Loss is Difficult
Gains Muscle Easily Like the Mesomorph.
The ENDOMORPH
The body of the extreme endomorph is round and soft. The physique presents the illusion that much of the mass has been concentrated in the abdominal area. This may or may not be true. The arms and legs of the extreme endomorph are short in length and taper. This may give the appearance of stalkiness. The hands and feet of the endomorph are comparatively small, and the upper arms and thighs are often more developed than the lower parts of the arms or legs. The body has a high waist.
Other Traits of the Endomoprh
The skin is soft and smooth, and the hair is fine. The head of the endomorph is spherical. The head is large and the face broad.
Famous Endomorphs
John Goodman, Roseanne, Jack Black.
Combinations of Body Types
Very often, people cannot be easily classed as one of the three main body types. Although there are some people who are purely ectomorphs, endomorphs, or mesomorphs with little or no characteristics of the other body types, very frequently, people fall into mixed categories, such as ecto mesomorphs, or endo mesomorphs, where largely, they are like the mesomoph, but with traits of the ectomorph (such as small joints or a trim waist), or traits of the endomorph (such as a tendency to gain fat easily).
Can we associate the hard gainers "Ectomorphs" with the hard gainers of PE?, I m going to make a poll IF this thread generates enough interest, if not then not, but lets all try and associate one body type with our own, that way we might see if most of the hard gainers out there in the world of PE are in fact "ectomorphs"
,And if in fact the good gainers are the "messomorphs" the easy gainers.
This in fact might contradict the whole LOT theory, but it's a study after all and weather it's correct or a load of rubbish, I think that research (right or wrong) is always the way forward as id guess a lot of you would agree.
So which one were you? And how did you gain over time, are there any relations? Id like to hear about them.


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High Voltage Substation Circuit Breaker 12KV 3 Phase Stainless Steel Material
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ZW10-12, ZW12-12, ZW27-12 model outdoor AC vacuum circuit breaker is a three phase outdoor high voltage AC switch device. It mainly used to make and break load current, overload current and short-circuit current in12kV, 630A, 50/60Hz power system. It is applicable for substations, industry and mining, urban and rural electricity power networks, especially for occasions with frequent operation and automatic power distribution network. The product is especially applicable yo overhead network, opening and closing of load current, overload current and short circuit current and switching and protection of power grids. It accords with the standards of IEC62271-100 & GB1984: AC high voltage circuit breaker, IEC60694 & GB/1984: HV General technical requirement of switch and control apparatus.
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HENAN DINGLI was founded in 1963 as a small electric power equipment manufacturer, after more than 50 years'development, DINGLI now is group company dedicated on total solutions for electricity projects covering survey, design, manufacture, complete equipment supply, construction, operations, maintenance, investment and so on. HENAN DINGLI actively devote to power grid construction, participated in all UHV construction projects and made an outstanding contribution to UHV transmission lines of China.
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Brent Staples
Journalist, Author
1951 –
Who is Brent Staples?
Brent Staples is an author and editorial writer for the New York Times. His books include An American Love Story and Parallel Time: Growing up In Black and White, which won the Anisfield Wolf Book Award. Specializing in politics and cultural issues, Staples often writes on controversies and issues, including race and the state of the American school system. In 2008 he was appointed to the newspaper's editorial board.
He was a chapter of Widener University and the University of Chicago. His essay "How Hip Hop Lost Its Way and Betrayed Its Fans" was included in Read, Reason, and Write book, edited by Dorothy U. Seyler. His memoir Parallel Time was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and winner of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award.
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text:
Danajamin's Financial guarantee enables Syarikat Kapasi to raise bonds for property development project
KOTA KINABALU – Danajamin Nasional Berhad ("Danajamin") today seals the agreement with Syarikat Kapasi Sdn Bhd ("Syarikat Kapasi") to guarantee the latter's RM200 million five-year Private Debt Securities programme. With Danajamin's financial guarantee, Syarikat Kapasi, a property development company, can now raise bonds to finance the construction of its mixed development project in Kota Kinabalu known as KK Times Square II.
Dato' Sri Abdul Hamidy Hafiz, Chairman of Danajamin said "Providing the financial guarantee to Kapasi is in line with Danajamin's objective to help corporations raise financing from the bond market at a reasonable rate. We are pleased to support the KK Times Square II project which has great potential and will create multiplier effects in Sabah's economy."
Danajamin is the nation's first financial guarantee insurer. It was established in 2009 as part of the Government's effort to ensure that corporations will continue to have access to funding to finance their businesses. Specifically, Danajamin provides financial guarantee, a credit enhancement, to bond/sukuk issuances to help companies raise long term financing from the bond market at reasonable rates. The bond market is an important alternative source of financing, as it complements the banking sector. Its continuous development is critical in ensuring that Malaysian companies have several funding sources to finance their business expansion and investments.
Ahmad Zulqarnain Onn, Chief Executive Officer of Danajamin said, "Danajamin's unique capability is that we are able to provide long term fixed rate financing for a wide range of sectors. The credit enhancement that we provide, allows a wide spectrum of companies to tap the bond market for fixed rate funding of longer maturities. This will encourage more corporate bond issuances in the country and contribute towards the development of the domestic bond market."
The financial guarantee facility agreement was signed today at a signing ceremony between Syarikat Kapasi and Danajamin. The ceremony was jointly witnessed by Datuk Peter Pang En Yin, Deputy Chief Minister of Sabah, who was the guest of honour, Dato' Sri Abdul Hamidy Hafiz, and Tan Sri Dato' Seri Hj Megat Najmuddin bin Dato' Seri Dr Haji Megat Khas, Chairman of Asian Pac. Signing the agreement on behalf of Kapasi was Dato' Mustapha bin Buang, Managing Director of Asian Pac while Danajamin was represented by its Chief Executive Office, Encik Ahmad Zulqarnain Onn. The arranger and adviser of this transaction is Affin Investment Bank.
To-date, Danajamin has approved a total of RM2.9 billion guarantees for companies in various industries including oil and gas, property & construction, plantation and infrastructure.
About Danajamin
Danajamin Nasional Berhad is Malaysia's first Financial Guarantee Insurer.A AAA-rated company, Danajamin providesfinancial guarantee insurance to bonds and sukuk issuances to facilitate capital-raising by Malaysian companies from the debt capital markets. The establishment of Danajamin forms part of the Government's on-going effort to ensure the continued flow of credit in the financial system to businesses. Danajamin is wholly owned by the Malaysian Government and has an issued and paid-up capital of RM1 billion with a capacity to underwrite policies of up to RM15 billion. It is licensed under the Insurance Act 1996, and is regulated and supervised by Bank Negara Malaysia.
Visit www.danajamin.com for more information.
Media Contact
Ann Lim
Head, Communications
Danajamin Nasional Berhad
Tel (03) 2299 2068, (019) 2882 736
Email: email@example.com


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Don't Let S.I.N. (Sisters In Need) Happen was officially added in 2020. It was a way for the I.M.A.G.E. for TEENS organization to respond to the needs of girls within the communities we serve. The purpose was to see a need and respond. We decided to change the name to the "Diamond Girls Auxiliary" in 2021
We have purchased school uniforms, school supplies, and so much more. We have assisted girls in connecting with resources.
We are so grateful to be a part of building up and empowering girls in our local communities. As a Diamond Girl, a young lady will help us to continue to identify the needs of girls and assist in strategically planning a way to respond to the needs. In addition, Diamond Girls will be connected to their local communities and assist in community service efforts.


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Liquid Filter
Basket Strainers are very useful in petrochemical processes because they are able to filter unwanted solid particles from fuel lines and distribution pipes
There are several types of Basket Strainers according to their specifications and uses, including:
- Simplex type
- Duplex type
- Automatic type
Feature :
1, Precisely designed according to Filtration protocol
rugged, well-defined finish that drives filtration to its maximum and ensures a long service life
Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, silahkan download PDF ini :
Rp. 100
Rp. 123
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