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Back to Basics: Developing a Common Language to Automate Regulatory Data
Back to Basics: Developing a Common Language to Automate Regulatory Data
Duncan van Rijsbergen
Duncan van Rijsbergen is associate director of regulatory affairs at Iperion, a globally operating life sciences consultancy firm.
Duncan van Rijsbergen
Duncan van Rijsbergen is associate director of regulatory affairs at Iperion, a globally operating life sciences consultancy firm.
igital transformation in complex regulated sectors can be a challenge. Many life sciences companies are stuck struggling with how to ensure high-quality, consistent data can be shared across systems. One of the main issues is the lack of a common vocabulary to describe the data. Here are some practical action points to get companies started on their data quality journey.
Life sciences companies are increasingly focused on the need for digital transformation. They face basic issues such as getting up-to-date, consistent data to communicate across functions and systems.
Regulatory systems contain data on products and licences; procedural data records interactions with authorities about a license, from the initial application through to later changes to the licence. Elsewhere in life sciences companies, expert functions from manufacturing to clinical teams collect their own data on devices or drugs. Typically, there is no communication between regulatory systems and expert functions systems. Manufacturing and clinical teams collate their data into a summary document and send it to the regulatory team. The regulatory team then takes that data and puts it together in a submittal dossier, ready to send to external authorities for approval.
In clinical development, data records clinical studies. In manufacturing and the supply chain, the enterprise resource planning system typically holds data about products and materials. Meanwhile, in the regulatory function, there is a regulatory information management system, which also contains data about the same products, but from the perspective of regulatory approval. Those systems are most often in completely separate worlds, with little or no interoperability. And yet, a change made in the manufacturing world must be reflected in the license. Currently, sharing that information is done using a large number of forms and perhaps even through an intermediate system that stores those forms.
It is particularly important to get back to basics when it comes to structured, regulatory, chemical, manufacturing, and control (CMC) data. The process of inputting specification testing data into the laboratory information management system can easily take a year or more: extracting it, entering it into regulatory documents, sending it to regulatory bodies, and then reversing the process for implementation. If this process were automated, the timeline could be reduced to mere weeks, enabling products to be brought to market and made available for patient treatment much more rapidly.
Data quality issues
A data-first starting point is key. If companies store clean and consistent data, rather than documents, they will be in a much better position to automate processes and share this data efficiently with regulatory bodies. Yet companies continue to struggle with basic data quality issues.
First, there is the compliance issue, where licenses must accurately reflect activity relating to clinical trials or manufacturing. In a regulated environment, compliance failure could lead to product recall, license suspension, or fines. Datasets in operational settings may not align with datasets shared with the authorities. While the data is essentially the same, the way the data is presented may not be aligned exactly across the two systems. The granularity of the data — how it is worded or linked — might be slightly different.
Secondly, there are issues tracking changes in data over time. Drugs that are produced over many years will experience changes in composition or manufacture. These must be reflected both in regulatory systems and in the company's operational systems. There is a need to change the data but also to keep it in sync. That synchronization becomes much more difficult if there is a longwinded process, with multiple steps in it, where the data changes form multiple times, going from structure to document, and back to structure again, with manual copying along the way.
Ideally, the synching process should be integrated with the regulatory process. That way, when the company introduces improvements to the product, testing data can be shared with the regulator much more quickly, accelerating the time it takes to get product enhancements to market. Reducing manual processes also eliminates the potential for human error and reduces costs.
Effortless compliance
Commonly, compliance itself is the goal. Ideally, though, compliance should be effortless, a by-product of a company's activities, not the focus of them. When data is aligned and kept in sync automatically through a properly aligned process, compliance becomes secondary. It will just happen by itself.
Here are five practical action points to help get companies started on their data quality journey:
- Communicate with all the stakeholders involved in the process. Together, identify use cases for data flow continuity, and agree on how best to measure the benefits of automating data integration. Getting everyone's buy-in and developing solutions collaboratively drives transparency and improves trust among functions. This approach enables people within a fairly long process chain to be confident that predecessors have done things correctly and given them data they can work with.
- Develop a shared vocabulary to talk about data held commonly across functions. Presenting product data across the organization in a way that everybody understands, with commonality of language, also builds trust as well as driving operational excellence and innovation.
- Standardize data descriptions. Once use cases have been identified and a common vocabulary agreed upon, consider how best to standardize data relating to complex products. The IDMP model is a valiant effort to find a common way to describe data. The quality and consistency of individual data is also key to data standardization initiatives, such as the US FDA's drive to standardize Pharmaceutical Quality CMC (PQ-CMC) data elements for electronic submission. The more widely accepted a product model is, the easier it is to share with external parties. This includes regulators, and also partners such as labs, manufacturers, and research organizations.
- Ensure processes are properly aligned. There needs to be a robust process for capturing and sharing changes over time — and making sure that systems keep in sync and that there is as little time lag as possible. Focus on bottlenecks. There may be one process in an operational setting and another in the regulatory section. Where do they meet? Where does the data get exchanged, and how could that be improved?
- Identify suitable technological solutions. The initial focus should not be on finding the right software, but on the system architecture and how and where to connect systems. One approach could be to build a bridge between two systems — a point-to-point connection. The issue is maintaining the link and upgrading functionality in two discrete systems that talk to each other. A better option would be to develop a looser coupling, and this is where the common language model comes in. It is important not to take a static approach — how do I solve the problem now? — but rather consider maintaining the solution and innovating over time. This is not about individual systems, but about a system of systems.
The core business of a pharma-ceutical company is to get the best medicines to patients. Data processing should be a hygiene factor. Ensuring data quality and integration won't in itself generate innovation, but it will provide a platform on which to innovate. A consistent vocabulary is key to supporting effective data communications.
The idea that technology, systems, and software can resolve data quality issues is appealing. In fact, knowing your data is key to getting this right. The technology is secondary to a good understanding of the data and data flows within the business. Life sciences companies are experts in their own data. Once they have mapped it and standardized it, they will be ready to specify the tec-hnology needed to create auto-mated interoperable data flows, saving time and money, ticking compliance boxes, and providing a platform for innovation.


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Parker Halter Top with Pleated Front (Plus Size)
Complete your summer vacation look with the Parker halter top featuring a dazzling abstract print and a perfectly pleated front. Wear it with a cute skirt or shorts for an extra sunny day.
● Woven
● Pull On
● Pleated Front
● Unlined
● Hand Wash Cold
● Imported

subset: commoncrawl


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Donetsk Oblast: the SES points for providing assistance to the population
23.02.2022 16:51
On February 23, due to the increase in the intensity of the shelling, the commander of Joint Forces Operation agreed the temporary suspension of the functioning of SES points of providing assistance to the population located within the checkpoints "Gnutovo", "Mayorsk", "Marinka" and "Novotroitskoe". The tents are being closed down and personnel are being removed.
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If you're fat, when you post pictures of food online, people assume it's less healthy than the same image posted by a thin person. Researchers at Cornell University wanted to see if weight bias affects the way we judge the healthiness of food, so they set out to determine whether people thought pictures of food shared online were more or less healthy depending on the size of the person who posted them.
For the study, published in the journal Health Communication, the researchers chose pictures of ten foods whose health value was "ambiguous," that is, not objectively terrible for you, but not completely sinless either. Some examples: spinach salad with bacon and hard-boiled eggs, sliced beef with vegetables, a fruit-and-cheese plate, a black-bean-and-cheese quesadilla, and pancakes with blueberries and syrup. They posted each recipe along with a thumbnail image of the (supposed) poster. Half of the 230 participants saw a picture of a large-size woman and the other half saw a photo of the same person after she lost some weight. (They used real pictures of the same person, dubbed "Elizabeth Jones," to make sure that weight was the only difference in the profile photo. Science!)
Though the subjects were shown the same ten food items, people who saw Elizabeth pictured when she was bigger rated the foods — and her! — as less healthy than people who saw her "after" photo. How swell.
Adding data didn't overcome the bias. In a second study of the same size, participants were shown those same ten foods along with text listing calories and grams of fat — again, some with Elizabeth as bigger, and some of her as smaller. Again, people who saw Elizabeth at a larger size believed the meals she posted were less healthy than those she posted when thinner, despite them having the same nutrition info.
It should be noted that subjects in both groups reported their height and weight, and their average BMIs of 26.3 and 25.5, respectively, make them overweight by the government's standards — it's not like it was a bunch of rail-thin people asked to evaluate the food choices of someone heavier than them.
As more and more of us search for food info online, it's important to understand how weight bias affects all of our perceptions of food, lead study author Jonathon Schuldt Ph.D. told the Cut. "Stereotypical beliefs about body weight can spill over to affect how we 'see' the same foods, specifically, as less healthy when they are associated with a heavier person," says Schuldt, an assistant professor of communications at Cornell. "These beliefs are strong enough to override more objective information about the healthfulness of the meals, namely, their calorie and fat content." If you're looking for healthy recipes, consider the nutrition facts, not the person who Pinned it.


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Home Remodeling Ideas – How to Make Your Home More livable and Increase Its Value
When it comes to remodeling your home, there are many factors to consider. It's important to balance current needs with future ones, as well as the impact the project will have on the value of your home. Your final goal should be to improve the livability of the space while increasing its value. Here are some ideas to help you get started. Read on to get some great remodeling ideas. Listed below are some popular projects that have worked well for other homeowners.
If you're looking for home remodeling ideas that make the most of limited space, consider space-saving design. For instance, if you have a small space, you can create an open floor plan for the main living space. You can even remove unnecessary walls to make your main living area feel larger. Whether you're tackling the interior of a new home or renovating a room in your current residence, you'll find that the right design will make the space feel more spacious and comfortable.
Another great home remodeling idea is to add more storage space. One of the most underutilized spaces in a home is the garage. By adding built-in shelves, you can keep your home items organized without taking up valuable floor space. You can also install overhead storage for things you don't use every day. In addition, recessed cabinets can be added to bathrooms to give them more storage space. This can make it easier to find items you need quickly, and you can even have recessed cabinets built into the shower to store your shampoo and conditioner.
You can also add storage space by adding benches. The addition of a bench in a kitchen can also make the room more inviting. A bench can add a comfortable seating spot in a kitchen or dining area, and a bench can also serve as a storage bin. A murphy bed in a guest bedroom can also be a good idea. This way, you can make use of the extra space, and have a separate room for guests.
For some people, changing the flooring is an easy way to update a room. This is a relatively simple DIY project, but you can also hire a professional flooring company to install the new flooring for you. Depending on your budget, home remodeling can be an expensive undertaking. Whether you choose to remodel a room from scratch or start from scratch, it's important to love the outcome. When you choose to remodel your home, don't forget to add a few upgrades for extra value.
A basement can be a fun place for the entire family. You can install a bar in the basement for parties and a home kitchen with cooking surfaces. Another great option is to turn the basement into a kids' playroom. You can also install built-in toy chests in the room, and paint the walls chalkboard. If you have a babysitter, it's a great idea to have a basement where they can stay and help out.
Why People Think Are A Good Idea


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As Christmas approaches and more people than ever are shopping online, the amount of parcels being delivered in France has rocketed – and with it the scams linked to parcel delivery.
The French postal service La Poste as well as the Customs authority have warned of several types of scam circulating, while readers of The Local have also flagged up fake communications.
Among the most common scams are people receiving SMS text messages or emails claiming to be from la Poste. The message says that you have received a parcel but there is insufficient postage, and invites you to click on a link to pay the postage and receive your parcel.
The other variation on this is a message claiming to be from the French customs service saying that your parcel has been held up at the border because there are customs taxes to pay, and again invites you to follow a link and make a payment.
A spokesman for the French customs service said: "Customs will never contact a person to ask them to pay fees. We only inform customers when a prohibited or dangerous product has been seized by our services."
Some people have also reported scams around online shopping.
The person receives an email claiming to be from an online retailer saying that their order of an expensive item has been received, and offering a link for people to click to cancel. The link asks for your bank details, which scammers can then use to access your bank account.
"The current context of lockdown and working from home means that many people are buying online," said Gabriel de Brosses, head of cybersecurity at La Poste.
"People enter their credit card details on the link provided and that's how they get scammed – this is the last thing you should do."


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Just days after the death of Black Panther actor Chadwick Boseman Fourteen days added a matching memorial to the character in the game.
The statue, called the Panther's Prowl, plays wakanda music nearby and depicts a massive stone panther. The statue is located west of the foggy meadows on the slope of the hill on a glowing rock. The statue is the latest Marvel item to be added to the game since then Fourteen days season four began after Ant-Man and X-Men references came out recently.
Boseman died of colon cancer on August 28, with his family by his side. Over the years he played several famous public figures, including black baseball player Jackie Robinson and singer James Brown. But his most famous role could have been Black Panther, and Boseman was well aware of the power of this character.
"To be young, gifted, and black … We know what it's like to say there's no screen to see you on," said Boseman at the 2019 Screen Actors Guild Awards, taking an award for towards the film. "We knew we had something special that we wanted to give to the world."
An Epic Games spokesman told Digital Trends that the statue was planned before the actor died.
"As in the rest of the world, we were very saddened by the death of actor Chadwick Boseman," said the spokesman. "The Black Panther memorial arrived this morning as part of a pre-planned narrative for the new season of Chapter 2 – Season 4."
In addition to the statue, several players also share screenshots with tribute. A Reddit user shared a screenshot of Captain America greeting the Panther's Prowl statue with the caption "Always Our King".
Fourteen days Players will receive the Marvel updates with the start of the new season. All except mobile phone and MacOS players, of course, after an ongoing legal dispute between Epic Games and Apple over the fees in the App Store. Epic broke Apple's payment rules and was then denied access to the game for the developer. This issue also affects Google's Play Store.
The game will continue to work, but players will not receive any new content until the dispute is resolved. A lawsuit is currently pending in court.
Editor's recommendations


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My father was a contractor who did an occasional fix and flip project. I watched how my father served people passionately, that experience sparked in me a desire for real estate. I hold degrees in Economics and Business Administration, which have greatly enhanced my understanding of the business side of real estate and enables me to guide, educate, and provide sound advice for real estate transactions. Throughout the home buying/selling process, I will be your advocate and trusted real estate advisor. I have a vast knowledge of the housing market inventory in Santa Barbara. At least three to four days a week I am viewing multiple properties so that I can actively search out properties for my clients. I have great relationships with the majority of agents in our market and have gone as far as starting The Santa Barbara Real Estate Network. (a networking group that meets once a month with key players in our industry.) When I am not working I am volunteering. I serve on the Family Services Committee for Habitat for Humanity, as well as helping out with Habitat's home restoration projects.
After graduating, I pursued my dream in real estate starting as an unpaid intern for Ruth Ann Bowe, a successful Village Properties REALTOR® with over 20 years of experience in the field. As an intern, my determination and eagerness to learn more, as well as my thorough and meticulous approach to executing tasks helped me to become professional partners with Ruth Ann.
As a licensed Real Estate Salesperson, I gear everything I do towards serving my clients' needs and guaranteeing their satisfaction. As a keen and detail-oriented listener, I go out of my way to get clients what they want and share with them the breathtaking beauty of the mountains, beaches, and the city that offer pride to call Santa Barbara home. My clients benefit from my eagerness to serve, a composed, kind and warm personality that makes them feel comfortable, and my focus on creating relationships that allow me to earn friends from some of my clients. I am reputable among my friends for being charismatic, loving, self-driven, and selfless.


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Whether these numbers are accurate is a big question mark, but they're pretty interesting nonetheless.
49,580 Ampere GPUs sold on eBay/StockX $61.5 million in sales on eBay/StockX for ~$15.2 million in profit for scalpers and $6.8 million for eBay/PayPal/StockX Sale prices increased 6-25% due to the tariffs, except for the 3090 which its scalped price was unaffected RTX 20, RTX 16, GTX 1000, and GTX 900 series cards all increased 33-100% in price since the launch of Ampere
Almost 50,000 GeForce RTX 30 series cards sold by scalpers?
Posted on Thursday, January 28 2021 @ 10:37 CET by Thomas De Maesschalck


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Results by Title
46 books about Free Enterprise & Capitalism
Results by Title
46 books about Free Enterprise & Capitalism
BiblioVault ® 2001 - 2023
The University of Chicago Press
Powerful financial forces have supported the neoliberal project since the 1980s to advance their interests, but there are now signs that these forces have a new face and a new strategy.
The majority of the British finance sector threw its support behind Britain leaving the European Union, a flagship institution of neoliberalism. Beyond this counterintuitive move, what was really happening and why? Alt-Finance examines a new authoritarian turn in financialised democracies, focusing on the City of London, revealing a dangerous alternative political project in the making.
In a clash with traditional finance, the new behemoths of financial capital - hedge funds, private equity firms, and real estate funds - have started to cohere around a set of political beliefs, promoting libertarian, authoritarian, climate-denying, and Eurosceptic views. Protecting investments, suppressing social dissent, and reducing state interference is at the core of their mission for a new world order.
By following the money, the authors provide indisputable evidence of these worrying developments. Through a clear analysis of the international dealings of this new authoritarian-libertarian regime, not just in Britain but in the US and Brazil, we can understand how our world is being shaped against our will by struggles between dominant groups.
Populists on both sides of the political aisle routinely announce that the American Dream is dead. According to them, the game has been rigged by elites, workers can't get ahead, wages have been stagnant for decades, and the middle class is dying.
Michael R. Strain, director of economic policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, disputes this rhetoric as both wrong and dangerous. In this succinctly argued volume, he shows that, on measures of economic opportunity and quality of life, there has never been a better time to be alive in America. He backs his argument with overwhelming—and underreported—data to show how the facts favor realistic optimism.
He warns, however, that the false prophets of populism pose a serious danger to our current and future prosperity. Their policies would leave workers worse off. And their erroneous claim that the American Dream is dead could discourage people from taking advantage of real opportunities to better their lives. If enough people start to believe the Dream is dead, they could, in effect, kill it. To prevent this self-fulfilling prophecy, Strain's book is urgent reading for anyone feeling the pull of the populists.
E. J. Dionne and Henry Olsen provide spirited responses to Strain's argument.
The award-winning classic on why we must revolutionise the fashion industry
*Selected by Emma Watson for her Ultimate Book List*
Fashion is political. From the red carpets of the Met Gala to online fast fashion, clothes tell a story of inequality, racism, and climate crisis. In The Anti-Capitalist Book of Fashion, Tansy E. Hoskins unpicks the threads of capitalist industry to reveal the truth about our clothes.
Fashion brands entice us to consume more by manipulating us to feel ugly, poor and worthless, sentiments that line the pockets of billionaires exploiting colonial supply chains. Garment workers on poverty pay risk their lives in dangerous factories, animals are tortured, fossil fuels extracted and toxic chemicals spread just to keep this season's collections fresh.
We can do better than this. Moving between Karl Lagerfeld and Karl Marx, The Anti-Capitalist Book of Fashion goes beyond ethical fashion and consumer responsibility showing that if we want to feel comfortable in our clothes, we need to reshape the system and ensure this is not our last season.
An Economist Book of the Year
A Financial Times Book of the Year
A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year
A Prospect Best Book of the Year
A ProMarket Book of the Year
An Omidyar Network "8 Storytellers Informing How We've been Reimagining Capitalism" Selection
"Brilliant…Poses all the important questions about our future."
—Gordon Brown
"A scholar of inequality warns that while capitalism may have seen off rival economic systems, the survival of liberal democracies is anything but assured."
—The Economist
We are all capitalists now. For the first time in human history, the world is dominated by one economic system. At some level capitalism has triumphed because it works: it delivers prosperity and gratifies our desire for autonomy. But this comes at a moral price, pushing us to treat material success as the ultimate goal, and offers no guarantee of stability. While Western liberal capitalism creaks under the strains of inequality and excess, some are flaunting the virtues of political capitalism, exemplified by China, which may be more efficient, but is also vulnerable to corruption and social unrest.
One of the outstanding economists of his generation, Branko Milanovic mines the data to tell his ambitious and compelling story. Capitalism gets a lot wrong, he argues, but also much right—and it isn't going away anytime soon. Our task is to improve it in the hopes that a more equitable capitalism can take hold.
"Erudite, illuminating…Engaging to read…As a virtuoso economist, Milanovic is superb when he is compiling and assessing data."
—Robert Kuttner, New York Review of Books
"Leaves little doubt that the social contract no longer holds. Whether you live in Beijing or New York, the time for renegotiation is approaching."
—Edward Luce, Financial Times
Following his timely and well-received A Failure of Capitalism, Richard Posner steps back to take a longer view of the continuing crisis of democratic capitalism as the American and world economies crawl gradually back from the depths to which they had fallen in the autumn of 2008 and the winter of 2009.
By means of a lucid narrative of the crisis and a series of analytical chapters pinpointing critical issues of economic collapse and gradual recovery, Posner helps non-technical readers understand business-cycle and financial economics, and financial and governmental institutions, practices, and transactions, while maintaining a neutrality impossible for persons professionally committed to one theory or another. He calls for fresh thinking about the business cycle that would build on the original ideas of Keynes. Central to these ideas is that of uncertainty as opposed to risk. Risk can be quantified and measured. Uncertainty cannot, and in this lies the inherent instability of a capitalist economy.
As we emerge from the financial earthquake, a deficit aftershock rumbles. It is in reference to that potential aftershock, as well as to the government's stumbling efforts at financial regulatory reform, that Posner raises the question of the adequacy of our democratic institutions to the economic challenges heightened by the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression. The crisis and the government's energetic response to it have enormously increased the national debt at the same time that structural defects in the American political system may make it impossible to pay down the debt by any means other than inflation or devaluation.
Nobel Laureate Edmund Phelps and an international group of economists argue that economic health depends on the widespread presence of certain values, in particular individualism and self-expression.
Nobel Laureate Edmund Phelps has long argued that the high level of innovation in the lead nations of the West was never a result of scientific discoveries plus entrepreneurship, as Schumpeter thought. Rather, modern values—particularly the individualism, vitalism, and self-expression prevailing among the people—fueled the dynamism needed for widespread, indigenous innovation. Yet finding links between nations' values and their dynamism was a daunting task. Now, in Dynamism, Phelps and a trio of coauthors take it on.
Phelps, Raicho Bojilov, Hian Teck Hoon, and Gylfi Zoega find evidence that differences in nations' values matter—and quite a lot. It is no accident that the most innovative countries in the West were rich in values fueling dynamism. Nor is it an accident that economic dynamism in the United States, Britain, and France has suffered as state-centered and communitarian values have moved to the fore.
The authors lay out their argument in three parts. In the first two, they extract from productivity data time series on indigenous innovation, then test the thesis on the link between values and innovation to find which values are positively and which are negatively linked. In the third part, they consider the effects of robots on innovation and wages, arguing that, even though many workers may be replaced rather than helped by robots, the long-term effects may be better than we have feared. Itself a significant display of creativity and innovation, Dynamism will stand as a key statement of the cultural preconditions for a healthy society and rewarding work.
A stellar cast of economists examines the roles of creative destruction in addressing today's most important political and social questions.
Inequality is rising, growth is stagnant while rents accumulate, the environment is suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed every crack in the systems of global capitalism. How can we restart growth? Can our societies be made fairer? Editors Ufuk Akcigit and John Van Reenen assemble a world-leading group of social scientists and theorists to consider these questions and, in particular, how ideas about the economics of creative destruction may help solve the problems we face.
Most closely associated with Joseph Schumpeter, formalized by Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt in the 1990s, the idea of innovation as creative destruction has become foundational in economics, reaching into almost every corner of the discipline—both theoretically and empirically. Now, at a time of rapid and disorienting change, is an opportune moment to pull the disparate strands of research together to assess what has been learned and continue an intellectual project that can aid economic decision-making in the decades to come.
The cutting-edge work in The Economics of Creative Destruction focuses on innovation and growth. Contributors offer illuminating insights into monopoly and inequality, the nature of the social safety net, climate change, and the ups and downs of regulation. Collectively, they suggest that governance has a role to play in capitalism, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks.
The financial and economic crisis that began in 2008 is the most alarming of our lifetime because of the warp-speed at which it is occurring. How could it have happened, especially after all that we've learned from the Great Depression? Why wasn't it anticipated so that remedial steps could be taken to avoid or mitigate it? What can be done to reverse a slide into a full-blown depression? Why have the responses to date of the government and the economics profession been so lackluster? Richard Posner presents a concise and non-technical examination of this mother of all financial disasters and of the, as yet, stumbling efforts to cope with it. No previous acquaintance on the part of the reader with macroeconomics or the theory of finance is presupposed. This is a book for intelligent generalists that will interest specialists as well.
Among the facts and causes Posner identifies are: excess savings flowing in from Asia and the reckless lowering of interest rates by the Federal Reserve Board; the relation between executive compensation, short-term profit goals, and risky lending; the housing bubble fuelled by low interest rates, aggressive mortgage marketing, and loose regulations; the low savings rate of American people; and the highly leveraged balance sheets of large financial institutions.
Posner analyzes the two basic remedial approaches to the crisis, which correspond to the two theories of the cause of the Great Depression: the monetarist—that the Federal Reserve Board allowed the money supply to shrink, thus failing to prevent a disastrous deflation—and the Keynesian—that the depression was the product of a credit binge in the 1920s, a stock-market crash, and the ensuing downward spiral in economic activity. Posner concludes that the pendulum swung too far and that our financial markets need to be more heavily regulated.
Intellectuals since the Industrial Revolution have been obsessed with whether, when, and why capitalism will collapse. This riveting account of two centuries of failed forecasts of doom reveals the key to capitalism's durability.
Prophecies about the end of capitalism are as old as capitalism itself. None have come true. Yet, whether out of hope or fear, we keep looking for harbingers of doom. In Foretelling the End of Capitalism, Francesco Boldizzoni gets to the root of the human need to imagine a different and better world and offers a compelling solution to the puzzle of why capitalism has been able to survive so many shocks and setbacks.
Capitalism entered the twenty-first century triumphant, its communist rival consigned to the past. But the Great Recession and worsening inequality have undermined faith in its stability and revived questions about its long-term prospects. Is capitalism on its way out? If so, what might replace it? And if it does endure, how will it cope with future social and environmental crises and the inevitable costs of creative destruction? Boldizzoni shows that these and other questions have stood at the heart of much analysis and speculation from the early socialists and Karl Marx to the Occupy Movement. Capitalism has survived predictions of its demise not, as many think, because of its economic efficiency or any intrinsic virtues of markets but because it is ingrained in the hierarchical and individualistic structure of modern Western societies.
Foretelling the End of Capitalism takes us on a fascinating journey through two centuries of unfulfilled prophecies. An intellectual tour de force and a plea for political action, it will change our understanding of the economic system that determines the fabric of our lives.
Two leading social scientists examine the gender wealth gap in countries with officially egalitarian property law, showing how legal professionals—wittingly and unwittingly—help rich families and men maintain their privilege.
In many countries, property law grants equal rights to men and women. Why, then, do women still accumulate less wealth than men? Combining quantitative, ethnographic, and archival research, The Gender of Capital explains how and why, in every class of society, women are economically disadvantaged with respect to their husbands, fathers, and brothers. The reasons lie with the unfair economic arrangements that play out in divorce proceedings, estate planning, and other crucial situations where law and family life intersect.
Céline Bessière and Sibylle Gollac argue that, whatever the law intends, too many outcomes are imprinted with unthought sexism. In private decisions, old habits die hard: families continue to allocate resources disproportionately to benefit boys and men. Meanwhile, the legal profession remains in thrall to assumptions that reinforce gender inequality. Bessière and Gollac marshal a range of economic data documenting these biases. They also examine scores of family histories and interview family members, lawyers, and notaries to identify the accounting tricks that tip the scales in favor of men.
Women across the class spectrum—from poor single mothers to MacKenzie Scott, ex-wife of Amazon billionaire Jeff Bezos—can face systematic economic disadvantages in divorce cases. The same is true in matters of inheritance and succession in family-owned businesses. Moreover, these disadvantages perpetuate broader social disparities beyond gender inequality. As Bessière and Gollac make clear, the appropriation of capital by men has helped to secure the rigid hierarchies of contemporary class society itself.
Just as today's observers struggle to justify the workings of the free market in the wake of a global economic crisis, an earlier generation of economists revisited their worldviews following the Great Depression. The Great Persuasionis an intellectual history of that project. Angus Burgin traces the evolution of postwar economic thought in order to reconsider many of the most basic assumptions of our market-centered world.
Conservatives often point to Friedrich Hayek as the most influential defender of the free market. By examining the work of such organizations as the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international association founded by Hayek in 1947 and later led by Milton Friedman, Burgin reveals that Hayek and his colleagues were deeply conflicted about many of the enduring problems of capitalism. Far from adopting an uncompromising stance against the interventionist state, they developed a social philosophy that admitted significant constraints on the market. Postwar conservative thought was more dynamic and cosmopolitan than has previously been understood.
It was only in the 1960s and '70s that Friedman and his contemporaries developed a more strident defense of the unfettered market. Their arguments provided a rhetorical foundation for the resurgent conservatism of Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan and inspired much of the political and economic agenda of the United States in the ensuing decades. Burgin's brilliant inquiry uncovers both the origins of the contemporary enthusiasm for the free market and the moral quandaries it has left behind.
A Financial Times Book of the Year
A ProMarket Book of the Year
"Superbly argued and important…Donald Trump is in so many ways a product of the defective capitalism described in The Great Reversal. What the U.S. needs, instead, is another Teddy Roosevelt and his energetic trust-busting. Is that still imaginable? All believers in the virtues of competitive capitalism must hope so."
—Martin Wolf, Financial Times
"In one industry after another…a few companies have grown so large that they have the power to keep prices high and wages low. It's great for those corporations—and bad for almost everyone else."
—David Leonhardt, New York Times
"Argues that the United States has much to gain by reforming how domestic markets work but also much to regain—a vitality that has been lost since the Reagan years…His analysis points to one way of making America great again: restoring our free-market competitiveness."
—Arthur Herman, Wall Street Journal
Why are cell-phone plans so much more expensive in the United States than in Europe? It seems a simple question, but the search for an answer took one of the world's leading economists on an unexpected journey through some of the most hotly debated issues in his field. He reached a surprising conclusion: American markets, once a model for the world, are giving up on healthy competition.
In the age of Silicon Valley start-ups and millennial millionaires, he hardly expected this. But the data from his cutting-edge research proved undeniable. In this compelling tale of economic detective work, we follow Thomas Philippon as he works out the facts and consequences of industry concentration, shows how lobbying and campaign contributions have defanged antitrust regulators, and considers what all this means. Philippon argues that many key problems of the American economy are due not to the flaws of capitalism or globalization but to the concentration of corporate power. By lobbying against competition, the biggest firms drive profits higher while depressing wages and limiting opportunities for investment, innovation, and growth. For the sake of ordinary Americans, he concludes, government needs to get back to what it once did best: keeping the playing field level for competition. It's time to make American markets great—and free—again.
It is widely believed today that the free market is the best mechanism ever invented to efficiently allocate resources in society. Just as fundamental as faith in the free market is the belief that government has a legitimate and competent role in policing and the punishment arena. This curious incendiary combination of free market efficiency and the Big Brother state has become seemingly obvious, but it hinges on the illusion of a supposedly natural order in the economic realm. The Illusion of Free Markets argues that our faith in "free markets" has severely distorted American politics and punishment practices.
Bernard Harcourt traces the birth of the idea of natural order to eighteenth-century economic thought and reveals its gradual evolution through the Chicago School of economics and ultimately into today's myth of the free market. The modern category of "liberty" emerged in reaction to an earlier, integrated vision of punishment and public economy, known in the eighteenth century as "police." This development shaped the dominant belief today that competitive markets are inherently efficient and should be sharply demarcated from a government-run penal sphere.
This modern vision rests on a simple but devastating illusion. Superimposing the political categories of "freedom" or "discipline" on forms of market organization has the unfortunate effect of obscuring rather than enlightening. It obscures by making both the free market and the prison system seem natural and necessary. In the process, it facilitated the birth of the penitentiary system in the nineteenth century and its ultimate culmination into mass incarceration today.
The sociologist Thomas Sowell writes, "We need to confront the most blatant fact that has persisted across centuries of social history—vast ddifferences in productivity among peoples, and the economic and other consequences of such differences." Poverty demeans dignity, shrinks the soul, wastes potential, and inflicts suffering on three billion people on our planet. We must also acknowledge that, during the past fifty yyears, the record in international assistance to the least developed countries has been disappointing; the economics-based abstractions developed in the think tanks of Europe and North America are insufficient.
In the River They Swim is the antithesis to that search for solutions the next big theory of global poverty. From the fresh perspective of advisors on the frontlines of development to the insight of leaders like President Paul Kagame of Rwanda and Pastor Rick Warren, it tells the story of change in the microcosms of emerging businesses, industries, and governments. These essays display a personal nature to their work that rigorous analysis alone cannot explain.
We learn that a Sufi master can teach us about the different levels of knowledge, the "different ways to know a river." These practitioners could have written about its length, its source, its depth, its width, the power of its current, and the life it contains. They could have invested time and money to travel to that river so that they could sit on its shores and look at it, feel the sand that borders it, and watch the birds at play over it. Instead, they dove in to swim in the river, felt its current along their bodies, and tasted something of it. They wondered, briefly, if they had the strength to swim its length, and now they share the answer.
If human development is a river, the authors in this volume, and perhaps some readers, will no longer be satisfied to stand along its banks.
A colorful history of US research universities, and a market-based theory of their global success.
American education has its share of problems, but it excels in at least one area: university-based research. That's why American universities have produced more Nobel Prize winners than those of the next twenty-nine countries combined. Economist Miguel Urquiola argues that the principal source of this triumph is a free-market approach to higher education.
Until the late nineteenth century, research at American universities was largely an afterthought, suffering for the same reason that it now prospers: the free market permits institutional self-rule. Most universities exploited that flexibility to provide what well-heeled families and church benefactors wanted. They taught denominationally appropriate materials and produced the next generation of regional elites, no matter the students'—or their instructors'—competence. These schools were nothing like the German universities that led the world in research and advanced training. The American system only began to shift when certain universities, free to change their business model, realized there was demand in the industrial economy for students who were taught by experts and sorted by talent rather than breeding. Cornell and Johns Hopkins led the way, followed by Harvard, Columbia, and a few dozen others that remain centers of research. By the 1920s the United States was well on its way to producing the best university research.
Free markets are not the solution for all educational problems. Urquiola explains why they are less successful at the primary and secondary level, areas in which the United States often lags. But the entrepreneurial spirit has certainly been the key to American leadership in the research sector that is so crucial to economic success.
It is now widely agreed that mainstream macroeconomics is irrelevant and that there is need for a more useful and realistic economic analysis that can provide a better understanding of the ongoing global financial and economic crisis. Lance Taylor's book exposes the unrealistic assumptions of the rational expectations and real business cycle approaches and of mainstream finance theory. It argues that in separating monetary and financial behavior from real behavior, they do not address the ways that consumption, accumulation, and the government play in the workings of the economy.
Taylor argues that the ideas of J. M. Keynes and others provide a more useful framework both for understanding the crisis and for dealing with it effectively. Keynes's basic points were fundamental uncertainty and the absence of Say's Law. He set up machinery to analyze the macro economy under such circumstances, including the principle of effective demand, liquidity preference, different rules for determining commodity and asset prices, distinct behavioral patterns of different collective actors, and the importance of thinking in terms of complete macro accounting schemes. Economists working in this tradition also worked out growth and cycle models.
Employing these ideas throughout Maynard's Revenge, Taylor provides an analytical narrative about the causes of the crisis, and suggestions for dealing with it.
Contributors. Scott Bradwell, Jean Comaroff, John L. Comaroff, Fernando Coronil, Peter Geschiere, David Harvey, Luiz Paulo Lima, Caitrin Lynch, Rosalind C. Morris, David G. Nicholls, Francis Nyamnjoh, Elizabeth A. Povinelli, Paul Ryer, Allan Sekula, Irene Stengs, Michael Storper, Seamus Walsh, Robert P. Weller, Hylton White, Melissa W. Wright, Jeffrey A. Zimmerman
How capitalism is reconfiguring the very texture of life
Mutant Ecologies traces the spinning of new synthetic threads into the web of life. It is a critical cartography of the shifting landscapes of capital accumulation conjured by recent developments in genomic science, genome editing, and the biotech industry.
CRISPR crops, fast-growing salmons, heat-resistant Slick™ cows, Friendly™ Mosquitoes, humanized mice, pigs growing human organs – these are but a few of the dazzling new life-forms that have recently emerged from corporate and university laboratories around the world, all promising to lubricate the circuits of capital accumulation in distinct ways. The deliberate induction of genetic mutations is increasingly central to business operations in a number of sectors, from agriculture to pharmaceuticals.
While the Nobel Committee recently proclaimed the life sciences to have entered 'a new epoch', the authors show how these technological innovations continue to operate within a socio-historical context defined by the iron rules of capitalist competition and exploitation. Capital no longer contents itself by simply appropriating the living bodies of plants and animals. It purposefully designs its internal metabolism, and in that way, it redesigns the countless living vectors that constitute the global biosphere. It is driving a biological revolution, which will ripple through the everyday lives of people everywhere.
Despite deepening poverty and environmental degradation throughout rural Latin America, Mayan peasant farmers in Chiapas, Mexico, are finding environmental and economic success by growing organic coffee. Organic Coffee: Sustainable Development by Mayan Farmers provides a unique and vivid insight into how this coffee is grown, harvested, processed, and marketed to consumers in Mexico and in the north.
Maria Elena Martinez-Torres explains how Mayan farmers have built upon their ethnic networks to make a crucial change in their approach to agriculture. Taking us inside Chiapas, Mexico's poorest state and scene of the 1994 Zapatista uprising, she examines the anatomy of the ongoing organic coffee boom and the fair-trade movement. The organic coffee boom arose as very poor farmers formed cooperatives, revalued their ethnic identity, and improved their land through organic farming. The result has been significant economic benefits for their families and ecological benefits for the future sustainability of agriculture in the region.
Organic Coffee refutes the myth that organic farming is less productive than chemical-based agriculture and gives us reasons to be hopeful for indigenous peoples and peasant farmers.
Contributors. Tani E. Barlow, Nandi Bhatia, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Chungmoo Choi, Clara Connolly, Angela Davis, Arturo Escobar, Grant Farred, Homa Hoodfar, Reynaldo C. Ileto, George Lipsitz, David Lloyd, Lisa Lowe, Martin F. Manalansan IV, Aihwa Ong, Pragna Patel, José Rabasa, Maria Josefina Saldaña-Portillo, Jaqueline Urla
Hayek Book Prize Finalist
An Economist Best Book of the Year
A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year
From one of the world's leading economists and his coauthors, a cutting-edge analysis of what drives economic growth and a blueprint for prosperity under capitalism.
Crisis seems to follow crisis. Inequality is rising, growth is stagnant, the environment is suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed every crack in the system. We hear more and more calls for radical change, even the overthrow of capitalism. But the answer to our problems is not revolution. The answer is to create a better capitalism by understanding and harnessing the power of creative destruction—innovation that disrupts, but that over the past two hundred years has also lifted societies to previously unimagined prosperity.
To explain, Philippe Aghion, Céline Antonin, and Simon Bunel draw on cutting-edge theory and evidence to examine today's most fundamental economic questions, including the roots of growth and inequality, competition and globalization, the determinants of health and happiness, technological revolutions, secular stagnation, middle-income traps, climate change, and how to recover from economic shocks. They show that we owe our modern standard of living to innovations enabled by free-market capitalism. But we also need state intervention with the appropriate checks and balances to simultaneously foster ongoing economic creativity, manage the social disruption that innovation leaves in its wake, and ensure that yesterday's superstar innovators don't pull the ladder up after them to thwart tomorrow's. A powerful and ambitious reappraisal of the foundations of economic success and a blueprint for change, The Power of Creative Destruction shows that a fair and prosperous future is ultimately ours to make.
Hayek Book Prize Finalist
An Economist Best Book of the Year
A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year
A Financial Times Summer Reading Favorite
"Sweeping, authoritative and—for the times—strikingly upbeat…The overall argument is compelling and…it carries a trace of Schumpeterian subversion."
—The Economist
"[An] important book…Lucid, empirically grounded, wide-ranging, and well-argued."
—Martin Wolf, Financial Times
"Offers…much needed insight into the sources of economic growth and the kinds of policies that will promote it…All in Washington would do well to read this volume carefully."
—Milton Ezrati, Forbes
Inequality is on the rise, growth stagnant, the environment in crisis. Covid seems to have exposed every crack in the system. We hear calls for radical change, but the answer is not to junk our economic system but to create a better form of capitalism.
An ambitious reappraisal of the foundations of economic success that shows a fair and prosperous future is ours to make, The Power of Creative Destruction draws on cutting-edge theory and hard evidence to examine today's most fundamental economic questions: what powers growth, competition, globalization, and middle-income traps; the roots of inequality and climate change; the impact of technology; and how to recover from economic shocks. We owe our modern standard of living to innovations enabled by free-market capitalism, it argues, but we also need state intervention—with checks and balances—to foster economic creativity, manage social disruption, and ensure that yesterday's superstar innovators don't pull the ladder up after them.
What is it about free-market ideas that give them tenacious staying power in the face of such manifest failures as persistent unemployment, widening inequality, and the severe financial crises that have stressed Western economies over the past forty years? Fred Block and Margaret Somers extend the work of the great political economist Karl Polanyi to explain why these ideas have revived from disrepute in the wake of the Great Depression and World War II, to become the dominant economic ideology of our time.
Polanyi contends that the free market championed by market liberals never actually existed. While markets are essential to enable individual choice, they cannot be self-regulating because they require ongoing state action. Furthermore, they cannot by themselves provide such necessities of social existence as education, health care, social and personal security, and the right to earn a livelihood. When these public goods are subjected to market principles, social life is threatened and major crises ensue.
Despite these theoretical flaws, market principles are powerfully seductive because they promise to diminish the role of politics in civic and social life. Because politics entails coercion and unsatisfying compromises among groups with deep conflicts, the wish to narrow its scope is understandable. But like Marx's theory that communism will lead to a "withering away of the State," the ideology that free markets can replace government is just as utopian and dangerous.
A bold history of the rise of central banks, showing how institutions designed to steady the ship of global finance have instead become as destabilizing as they are dominant.
While central banks have gained remarkable influence over the past fifty years, promising more stability, global finance has gone from crisis to crisis. How do we explain this development? Drawing on original sources ignored in previous research, The Rise of Central Banks offers a groundbreaking account of the origins and consequences of central banks' increasing clout over economic policy.
Many commentators argue that ideas drove change, indicating a shift in the 1970s from Keynesianism to monetarism, concerned with controlling inflation. Others point to the stagflation crises, which put capitalists and workers at loggerheads. Capitalists won, the story goes, then pushed deregulation and disinflation by redistributing power from elected governments to markets and central banks. Both approaches are helpful, but they share a weakness. Abstracting from the evolving practices of central banking, they provide inaccurate accounts of recent policy changes and fail to explain how we arrived at the current era of easy money and excessive finance.
By comparing developments in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Switzerland, Leon Wansleben finds that central bankers' own policy innovations were an important ingredient of change. These innovations allowed central bankers to use privileged relationships with expanding financial markets to govern the economy. But by relying on markets, central banks fostered excessive credit growth and cultivated an unsustainable version of capitalism. Through extensive archival work and numerous interviews, Wansleben sheds new light on the agency of bureaucrats and calls upon society and elected leaders to direct these actors' efforts to more progressive goals.
A sweeping intellectual history of the concept of economic scarcity—its development across five hundred years of European thought and its decisive role in fostering the climate crisis.
Modern economics presumes a particular view of scarcity, in which human beings are innately possessed of infinite desires and society must therefore facilitate endless growth and consumption irrespective of nature's limits. Yet as Fredrik Albritton Jonsson and Carl Wennerlind show, this vision of scarcity is historically novel and was not inevitable even in the age of capitalism. Rather, it reflects the costly triumph of infinite-growth ideologies across centuries of European economic thought—at the expense of traditions that sought to live within nature's constraints.
The dominant conception of scarcity today holds that, rather than master our desires, humans must master nature to meet those desires. Albritton Jonsson and Wennerlind argue that this idea was developed by thinkers such as Francis Bacon, Samuel Hartlib, Alfred Marshall, and Paul Samuelson, who laid the groundwork for today's hegemonic politics of growth. Yet proponents of infinite growth have long faced resistance from agrarian radicals, romantic poets, revolutionary socialists, ecofeminists, and others. These critics—including the likes of Gerrard Winstanley, Dorothy Wordsworth, Karl Marx, and Hannah Arendt—embraced conceptions of scarcity in which our desires, rather than nature, must be mastered to achieve the social good. In so doing, they dramatically reenvisioned how humans might interact with both nature and the economy.
Following these conflicts into the twenty-first century, Albritton Jonsson and Wennerlind insist that we need new, sustainable models of economic thinking to address the climate crisis. Scarcity is not only a critique of infinite growth, but also a timely invitation to imagine alternative ways of flourishing on Earth.
An eye-opening portrait of global capitalism spanning 150 years, told through the history of the Tata corporation.
Nearly a century old, the grand façade of Bombay House is hard to miss in the historic business district of Mumbai. This is the iconic global headquarters of the Tata Group, a multinational corporation that produces everything from salt to software. After getting their start in the cotton and opium trades, the Tatas, a Parsi family from Navsari, Gujarat, ascended to commanding heights in the Indian economy by the time of independence in 1947. Over the course of its 150-year history Tata spun textiles, forged steel, generated hydroelectric power, and took to the skies. It also faced challenges from restive workers fighting for their rights and political leaders who sought to curb its power.
In this sweeping history, Mircea Raianu tracks the fortunes of a family-run business that was born during the high noon of the British Empire and went on to capture the world's attention with the headline-making acquisition of luxury car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover. The growth of Tata was a complex process shaped by world historical forces: the eclipse of imperial free trade, the intertwined rise of nationalism and the developmental state, and finally the return of globalization and market liberalization. Today Tata is the leading light of one of the world's major economies, selling steel, chemicals, food, financial services, and nearly everything else, while operating philanthropic institutions that channel expert knowledge in fields such as engineering and medicine.
Based on painstaking research in the company's archive, Tata elucidates how a titan of industry was created and what lessons its story may hold for the future of global capitalism.
A Financial Times Book of the Year
"The strongest documentation I have seen for the many ways in which inequality is harmful to economic growth."
—Jason Furman
"A timely and very useful guide…Boushey assimilates a great deal of recent economic research and argues that it amounts to a paradigm shift."
—New Yorker
Do we have to choose between equality and prosperity? Decisions made over the past fifty years have created underlying fragilities in our society that make our economy less effective in good times and less resilient to shocks, such as today's coronavirus pandemic. Many think tackling inequality would require such heavy-handed interference that it would stifle economic growth. But a careful look at the data suggests nothing could be further from the truth—and that reducing inequality is in fact key to delivering future prosperity.
Presenting cutting-edge economics with verve, Heather Boushey shows how rising inequality is a drain on talent, ideas, and innovation, leading to a concentration of capital and a damaging under-investment in schools, infrastructure, and other public goods. We know inequality is fueling social unrest. Boushey shows persuasively that it is also a serious drag on growth.
"In this outstanding book, Heather Boushey…shows that, beyond a point, inequality damages the economy by limiting the quantity and quality of human capital and skills, blocking access to opportunity, underfunding public services, facilitating predatory rent-seeking, weakening aggregate demand, and increasing reliance on unsustainable credit."
—Martin Wolf, Financial Times
"Think rising levels of inequality are just an inevitable outcome of our market-driven economy? Then you should read Boushey's well-argued, well-documented explanation of why you're wrong."
—David Rotman, MIT Technology Review
BiblioVault ® 2001 - 2023
The University of Chicago Press


text:
The format of the Fox show "So You Think You Can Dance" changed considerably this week and it turned out to be the end for Virginia Beach dancer Jaimie Goodwin.
The dancers were paired together randomly Wednesday and each dancer also had to perform the same solo routine choreographed by Wade Robson.
Based on those dances, the Top 10 were judged by America and the guy and girl with the least votes would be asked to leave on Thursday's results show.
Although Goodwin and hip-hop contemporary dancer Kameron Bink left the show, they will be a part of the show's dance tour.
Danny Tidwell, the other dancer who has trained at Denise Wall Dance Energy Studio in Virginia Beach, was told early in the program that he would be safe for another week.
It wasn't the dancing but the political aspect of Wednesday's show that had many people talking, though.
Message boards lit up with complaints of guest judge Mia Michaels' blue, military-style jacket that had a red and yellow military emblem upside-down on the sleeve.
Writers on message board's identified it as either a Navy or a Marine symbol and took the fashion choice to mean Michaels was protesting U.S. war efforts.
Michaels apologized on Thursday's results show saying she didn't intend to offend anyone with the symbol. Judge Nigel Lythgoe took the opportunity to explain that the stated anti-war message of Wednesday's solo choreography was not intended to dishonor U.S. troops.
The show returns 8 p.m. Wednesday when Tidwell will return to dance another style. *


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- 1 25 Bright Summer Nails Stylish and Fun 2022 – Pinterest
25 Bright Summer Nails Stylish and Fun 2022 – Pinterest
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Excerpt Links
(1)25 Bright Summer Nails Stylish and Fun 2022 – Pinterest


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The National Testing Agency has released the admit card for All India Ayush Post Graduate Entrance Test, AIAPGET 2021. The NTA will conduct the examination for the same on 18th September 2021. The candidates who registered themselves for the entrance test can now download the admit card from NTA AIAPGET official website- aiapget.nta.nic.in.
The candidates are required to read all the details mentioned in the admit card carefully and should find details like date of exam, time, exam venue, etc. The candidates must note that after going through the admit card if they find any issue or error in the details printed then they are advised to contact the helpline numbers of the NTA.
How to Download AIAPGET Admit Card 2021:
The candidates are required to follow the step-by-step instructions mentioned below to download the admit card for AIAPGET 2021.
Step 1: Visit the official website on aiapget.nta.nic.in.
Step 2: A homepage will be displayed, click the link named 'AIAPGET 2021 Admit Card Download.'
Step 3: Enter the login credentials like application number and password/date of birth. Click on the login button.
Step 4: The admit card will be displayed on the screen. Download the PDF file of the same.
Step 5: Keep a hard copy of the admit card for future reference.
The candidates must note that they will not receive the admit card by post to their residential address. The candidates are also suggested not to mutilate the admit card in any case. The admit card is the mandatory document to enter the examination hall. After the end of the examination, the candidates must keep their admit card safe as it will be needed in the admission process. The candidates are advised to keep checking the official website for information and updates related to the admit card and examination.
AIAPGET Admit Card 2021 Download: Direct Link
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How do you get 20,000 jubilant people in the same place at once? Book Mick Jagger, or hold the return of the largest solar show in North America in three years (thank you, Covid), pass the Inflation Reduction Act (the new IRA), and tell the solar industry it just can't grow any faster.
So, indeed, jubilant was the reigning tone of the opening ceremony of the newly-renamed RE+ (Renewable Energy+) show in Anaheim, CA, on Monday night.
The show this year is a bit of success in numbers, reckoned headliner Julia Hamm, outgoing President and CEO of the Smart Electric Power Alliance (SEPA) since 2004. Back in those days, when solar was still a fad for many, the Solar Power International show, as it was called then, attracted only 1,100 nerdish attendees.
This year, with 20,000 attendees swarming the show floor and meeting rooms, it is the biggest show yet. In those dimmer ages of solar, only 60 companies exhibited on the show floor; this year 800 companies are out in full force; many more might have attended had the show not sold out all of its floor space.
After 20 years at the helm of SEPA — and founding the first SPI trade show — Hamm is stepping down. She received not one, but two standing ovations for her arduous work for the solar industry. Even though the industry grew enormously during her stead at SEPA, she suggested that the industry has, up until recently, been in a position that might be compared with the "flat part of the hockey stick," navigating through the glacial landscape of the U.S. utility industry.
Now, however, she reckons that we have successfully moved up the policy inertia axis to an "inflection point" of swinging a now-much-bigger stick toward a certain clean energy goal.
Bright-eyed comments followed from Abagail Hopper, the current president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industry Association (SEIA), whom was no less than jubilant herself.
Predicting that solar and all its pluses — battery storage, EV charging, smart homes, green hydrogen, et cetera, et cetera, quasi ad infinitum from a technology standpoint — will soon be a $150 billion per year industry.
Leading the audience through a series of high-five cheers, Hopper recognized the Biden administration's IRA as "the most transformative clean energy bill in the history of the United States."
Thanks to the widely unexpected boost to solar from the IRA, Hopper suggested that solar will grow a modest 5x by 2030, then representing 30% of the total U.S. production of energy (from a mere 4% today), considering all sources.
That tumultuous growth is also expected to boost solar employment in this country from a few hundred thousand workers today to 1 million by the end of the decade. "Taking no for an answer was never an option for the solar industry," she recalled, defiantly.
After leadership at SEIA for nearly six years, Hooper ended her appearance at the show with a Cheshire cat lament, saying: "What a nice problem to have: sky-rocketing growth," she with a very, very broad grin. The show goes on.
Have you checked out our YouTube page?
We have a ton video interviews and additional content on our YouTube page. Recently we debuted Power Forward! — a collaboration with BayWa r.e. to discuss higher level industry topics as well as best practices / trends for running a solar business today.
Our longer running side project is The Pitch — in which we have awkward discussions with solar manufacturers and suppliers about their new technology and ideas so that you don't have to. We've discusses everything from residential rail-less deck attaching and home solar financing to large-scale energy storage value stacking and utility-driven new home solar + storage microgrids.
We also post our Project of the Year announcements there! Interviews with this year's winners will be up starting the week of Nov. 8. Head there and subscribe today to stay on top of all this extra stuff.


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The Historic Hospital Admission Registers Project (HHARP) is a useful example of how volunteers can help make material that would otherwise be hidden from most users widely available online. As further shown below, it is also a good case study for how to manage certain issues that will come up in digitisation and community contribution projects.
About the project
The HHARP database contains almost 120,000 records that have been transcribed from Victorian and Edwardian patient admission registers by a set of volunteers. The records all relate to children and cover periods between February 1852 and December 1914. The project, which started in 2001, now makes available material from four hospitals: the Hospital for Sick Children (Great Ormond Street), the Evelina Hospital (now part of Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Trust), the Alexandra Hospital for Children with Hip Disease, and the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow.
a portal into the world of Victorian and Edwardian children's hospitals (from the HHARP website)
The HHARP database is a useful resource for family historians but also for anyone interested in the period. The website offers access to the database but also articles about the hospitals and 'pen portraits' and images of some of the people featuring in the database. Access is free and anyone can search the collection. Registered users get access to advanced search options and more detailed records and can download and print the records.
Although the HHARP is not making use of an online community of volunteers for their transcription work, the project can serve as a useful example for other community collection projects. The project describes its methodology in some detail on their webpage. Basically, their workflow has been:
- The original records were microfilmed and digital photocopies were made.
- Batches of the records were issued to volunteers.
- Volunteers transcribed the records exactly as they appeared. Standardised versions of the key data elements were added.
- A set of indexes was developed to facilitate searching.
- The database was expanded to allow entry of new data elements as additional hospitals, with slightly different records, were added to the project.
Some points that any project may benefit from considering include:
- Comparison between data sets of different origin: Use the same methodology for each set of records to enable meaningful comparisons.
- Keep track of the originals: Number and label each batch of data to be able to keep track of them and make sure all get done and unnecessary duplication is avoided.
Balance authenticity and standardisation
Historical records and material created by hand by a large number of different contributors (such as hospital admission records) will display a number of inconsistencies, errors, and variant spellings. That means that it can be difficult to cross-search the collection, as the same person, disease, place, etc can be written in different ways. One way to get around that is to standardise spellings – to decide that all instances of a particular word always be input in the same way. Doing that will facilitate cross-searching but at the loss of authenticity. It may also require more user training, to make sure the transcribers choose the right version and users know what to search for.
Each project needs to decide what is the right approach for them but as the HHARP shows, it is possible to both have the cake and eat it. HHARP has chosen to preserve the authenticity of the records and transcribe any variants and errors as they occur in the original. In addition to this, they added standardised versions of some elements. That means that it is possible to search the database and retrieve all relevant records, but without loosing the original variation.
Standardised versions of the key data elements enabled such original errors to be corrected while maintaining the integrity of the source material. (from the HHARP website)
A further way to facilitate searching of the data is to create indexes. HHARP have produced indexes for various elements, including doctor's name, disease, and street name, which means that users of the database can identify relevant records more easily.
Volunteer training and support
The support and training of volunteers is an important factor to ensure that the output is as good as possible. HHARP notes that the fact that the same group of volunteers have worked on their project the whole time means that they are now very skilled.
as they gained experience their ability to transcribe the specialised content accurately grew (from the HHARP website)
Not all projects have the luxury of a set group of volunteers, which means that it is even more important to offer the contributors as much help and support as possible. One useful tool is crib sheets. HHARP used lists of common disease terms, terms used in post mortem reports, and 19th century therapeutics and also provided their volunteers with some additional reference material such as indexes of old street maps to help identify street names and addresses.
Initially, although most volunteers had experience of the Victorian hand, very few had medical knowledge or were familiar with the streets of Victorian London. (from the HHARP website)
Quality control
Quality control to check performance and ensure consistency can be done in many ways. HHARP makes sure their records are proofread and checked and they also use computerised validations. Another approach is to have the same operation performed by more than one volunteer. The output can then be compared and where there are differences, further checks or calibrations can be used to consolidate the result. This method is used by, for example, transcription services where each item is transcribed twice, compared automatically and any divergences are flagged and investigated.
Another approach is to make sure each operation is performed by a large number of volunteers and the average or most frequent value is then used. This was done in the Galaxy Zoo project where volunteers classify galaxies. By having each image looked at by several people, the project can be more certain that the right option has been applied. The variation between different classifications can also be taken into account, for example to find borderline cases or when designing user training and documentation.
Having multiple classifications of the same object is important, as it allows us to assess how reliable each one is. (from the Galaxy Zoo website)
It may not always be feasible to have different people re-do the same work or check everything that is produced by a project. One option is to make random checks where a small, random set of data is looked at in more detail. Another option is to have a small proportion of the work be done more than once. By then looking at the items that have been transcribed, classified, or tagged more than once the project can get an idea of how great the variation may be and decide whether that is acceptable or if something needs to be done about it. It may not be necessary to fundamentally change the method for a project even if large variation is discovered in its output. In some cases more careful user instruction or training can help improve performance. Needless to say it is easier to make changes to improve performance at the beginning of a project, before all the work is done.
More information
More information about the HHARP project can be found on their website http://hharp.org/. JISC Digital Media provides advice and guidance on the creation and use of digital media collections in learning, teaching and research. Although no longer updated, the material on the AHDS Advice on Creating Digital Resources page still offers some useful information and case studies illustrating good practice for digitisation projects.


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The Ukrainian language has many unique family members traditions. For instance , in the English language, the definition of cousin pertains for the one who is certainly one stage removed from the other. In Ukrainian, it is a sis and a brother once removed from the main family. Ukrainians place great importance about family lifestyle. They also rely on respecting the elders in the family. Additionally , Ukrainian ladies are noted internet marketing excellent cooks and non selfish. In addition to being the main specialist for the family, Ukrainian women put together three daily meals.
Ukrainian way of life is deeply rooted in tradition and folklore. Despite the orthodox physical appearance of most chapels, the region still maintains strong ties with its motherland. Many chapels were even declared World Heritage Sites, including the Tall of St . Sophia. Moreover, the is very faith based. Christmas and Easter celebrations happen to be celebrated with great pomp and show. Ukrainians take pride in the religious historical past. They have solid wood churches with domes and colored frescos, as well as illuminated manuscripts.
In the winter, Ukrainians eat preserved fruit and vegetables. While fresh fruit and fresh vegetables are expensive during this time period, the grandmother retains her prominent situation inside the hearth. In addition , Ukrainians consume a light lunch for noon, called obid, which usually includes soup and meat. The majority of working people http://hbs.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/home/profil-lulusan/profesi/2-uncategorised/1508-115384084 pack their very own lunches or perhaps go to canteens to eat. An additional tradition in Ukrainian family a lot more the vechera, a meal that is certainly shared by entire family.
Ukrainian women tend to help their older folk family members by all means. In fact , in most cases, Ukrainian women are definitely the ukrainian single women initial to offer assist with their elderly family members. That is a practice that remains right up until today. Really one of the many reasons https://forresthillsresort.com/honeymoons/romantic-getaway-honeymoon-packages/ as to why Ukrainians are incredibly helpful. At this time there is usually nothing even more valuable over a woman's assist with her friends and family. If a female is in need of assistance, she will always help them out.
Another Ukrainian tradition calls for the total celebration of "Kutia. inch It began decades previously when the primary Ukrainian immigrants arrived in Canada. The newly-established establishments became homes away from home pertaining to the new foreign nationals. At that time, more than 60 Ukrainians collected at the UNF Montreal department for its annual "Kutia. inches The dinner was catered by the Zytensky Deli, a cafe started by a master Ukrainian chicken maker in 1922. The family still operates it today in Rosemount, Minnesota. The UNF Montreal branch of the Ukrainian community was established in 1933. The community center, "Striletska Hroma", was founded in 1928.
A third Ukrainian family tradition involves the design of Easter eggs. Ukrainian Easter ova are furnished with dyed eggs and therefore are said to maintain immense ability. They are also believed to contain the nucleus of existence and are made of symbolic colours and styles. Many Ukrainians wear these eggs during social occasions to celebrate Easter. This practice has many faith based and social benefits. Yet , a Ukrainian family may not be a great choice for everyone. Some may need to make some sacrifices to guide their families.


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Woman critically injured in bear attack in Poonch
Jammu: A 45-year-old woman was critically injured in an attack by a wild bear in Poonch district on Wednesday, officials said.
Hafina Bi was on her way to fetch water in Gagrian village when the animal attacked here, they said.
The woman was shifted to a hospital after being rescued by local people who were alerted by her cries for help, the officials said.
The bear fled back into the forest, they added.
Kashmir Images is an English language daily newspaper published from Srinagar (J&K), India. The newspaper is one of the largest circulated English dailies of Kashmir and its hard copies reach every nook and corner of Kashmir Valley besides Jammu and Ladakh region.


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Wallpaper in the kids' room is such an amazing idea, not only for the kids but for the parents as well. While children love the new and exciting prints in their rooms, the parents can have a lot of fun creating a room too! This is because there are many online options available for kids' room wallpaper which lets the parents be as adventurous as they want in choosing the same.
We at print my space have many options of kids room wallpaper which surely will enhance the look of your child's room. In this blog, you will find a range of kids' bedroom wallpaper ideas that will allow for a host of possibilities and brighten up the interior design of your child's room.
1. For Kids Room Wallpaper: Think Like a Kid and be Playful
When you are thinking of kid's room wallpaper, the wallpapers are the perfect way to add playfulness to your children's space. Unlike the common areas, the wallpaper in the children's room can be bold, dramatic, and over-the-top without it seeming out of place. These designs will aid them in their day-to-day learning and development, will encourage them to enjoy solitude, and add to their creativity.
You can choose a wallpaper that is simple and sweet keeping in mind what your kids like. Depending on what you choose, the wallpaper will significantly add character to the room, and will surely provide a fun and imaginative environment.
Fun color schemes, beautiful prints, bold designs of wallcoverings, and murals are sure shot ways to win your kid's heart. After all, which kid won't love their parent if their room is transformed into a magical place full of things they love? This becomes even more true if you buy kid's room wallpaper online in a print that has enraptured your child.
2. Encourage Plant Love in Your Kid
Suppose your child loves plants and has just started showing interest in gardening, then the most amazing way to harbor their interest, and to give wings to their curiosities is to get a tropical and leaf wallpaper for their room. This way, you help them develop a facet of their personality. These attractive wallcoverings will encourage your child to want to explore the outdoors, be more interested in nature and take a liking to flora and fauna. These are all qualities that we wish to imbibe in children.
3. Explore the Artist Side of your Kid
If your child has a newfound love for color or they are suddenly becoming more interested in a particular activity, then you can take elements from that activity and see which removable wallpaper from our collection will be the perfect fit. Similarly, motifs on wallpapers that help educate your child all the while grabbing their attention and entertaining them will go a long way. Removable wallpaper in quirky and fun colors is bound to inspire their creativity, and might even persuade them to pick up the brushes and start painting. It really couldn't get simpler than this to create a space that is brimming with imagination and love.
4. Choose according to your child's age
When you decide to redecorate your kids' room, keep in mind the age of your child. Toddlers might like bold prints in bright colors on their walls; teenagers might like prints that are more suited to their age. You don't need to go overboard with the kids' room if you fear it not complementing the rest of the house decor. If your child is in their pre-teens or is a teenager, then a geometric print wallpaper will work wonders.
This style of kid's room decor is not only fun but is versatile and goes with almost all age groups. It will make for an inspiring space when you rearrange the decor of the room to bring out the beauty of the wallpaper. When chosen in bold colors, it will attract the kids even more. Even for elders, this is a safe choice since a geometric or abstract wallpaper looks dainty and artistic. You won't even need to replace the wallpaper every few years with the changing taste of your kids.
5. Opt for Lighter Shades for your Shy Kid
Some kids are sensitive and shy and soft. They might like wallpapers in pastel shades with stripes or simple and sweet floral prints to give them company. Most kids like delicate textures and something that transports them into dreamland. Even monochrome-shaded wallpapers might entice them. If your child is empathetic and shows a fondness for the arts, then why not choose to get them a wallpaper that brings out their sensitive side? A vintage wallpaper will help them discover this part of themselves. For this reason, you must take into account the personality of your child while choosing to wall covering.
The huge collection of kid's room wallpaper at PrintMySpace helps you find the most suitable peel-and-stick wallpaper for your kids' room. They are available in a multitude of patterns and prints so that you and your kid can choose the one that reflects their taste, hobbies, aspirations, and interests in the best manner possible. Whatever you choose, the kids will like the added touch of playfulness and fun in their lives, and will thank you for it!