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Sometimes, you just don't feel like throwing on a zillion layers of clothes before you leave the house in the winter—you want to slip into something that makes you look and feel incredible. Enter Rita Ora.
The 32-year-old singer just went to a birthday party in a next-level naked dress that showed off just how strong this super star really is. Rita donned her hooded bodycon naked dress for the festivities, layering it over a thong, for maximum effect. The whole look was stunning and showed off her strong legs, booty, and core.
Rita loved the look so much, she dropped two Instagram posts with pics showing her from the front, back, and sides. The first was captioned, '🏜 + 🎅🏼,' while the second one included a birthday greeting that said, 'I had the best time last night! Happy birthday 🥳 @vasjmorgan knowing you all these years and seeing you flourish everyday! Is a blessing! Love you! ❤🥳🤟🏼 photos by @germanlarkin.'
Aaaand people lost it in the comments. '😮🔥,' wrote Irina Shayk. 'How are you even real Rita??!?!?!?!❤❤❤,' someone else chimed in. A third simply wrote, '🔥🔥🔥 excuse meeee,' which feels appropriate in this scenario.
And here's another look at the fashion moment in case that's not enough for you:
Of course, Rita isn't scared of going all in to create the ultimate fashion ~moment.~ She showed off those strong legs in this stunning ski outfit:
And flashed her impressive core at the MTV EMAs:
OK, but…how does Rita get so mega-sculpted? The answer is pretty straightforward. She works really hard on her strength gains. In fact, she makes no secret of her hard work and has posted about it on social media. Specifically, Rita works with trainer Jono Castano (who also trains Rebel Wilson). Last year, she casually dropped a video of herself doing chest presses at the gym while holding a bridge position on a weight bench like a total boss.
Apparently Rita and Castano do HIIT workouts a lot, which is a good way to get your heart rate up while doing some serious toning in the process. 'My philosophy requires recommending a combination of workouts comprising HIIT, stretching, and recovery,' Castano told the Daily Mail.
'It's important to ensure I hit each of the three areas for a rounded fitness and wellness plan,' he continued. 'For example, with Rita, we might focus on HIIT cardio training in the first half of the week, then core and upper body in the middle, and lower body at the end.'
Rehearsals and performances can also work up a serious sweat. Like, check out Rita and a team of dancers in a studio really going for it back in October:
Rita also likes to mix things up with some Pilates, as well, which is a known core strengthener, and she clearly doesn't hold back in her workouts. She'll do side crunches on the Reformer machine like it's no biggie, and will also do other abs-targeted workouts. Last year, she showed off some impressive hanging crunches while balancing a dumbbell between her thighs—whew!
All that hard work is clearly paying off!
From: Women's Health US


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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. It is very common in infants, sometimes appearing before 6 months. It typically results in patches of dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. In babies, AD most commonly appears on the face and cheeks.
AD is a type of eczema. This refers to a group of conditions that result in irritated, inflamed, and often itchy skin. Eczema is a prevalent skin condition in infants, with AD being the type that most commonly affects infants and children.
There is currently no cure for AD in infants. However, using treatments and home remedies can help control symptoms and help relieve pain and discomfort.
In this article, we will discuss the prevalence, symptoms, and treatments for AD in infants.
AD is very common in children. A 2014 report suggests that AD has a prevalence of at least 10% in the pediatric population of the United States. It also states that AD primarily affects children, with onset occurring before the ages of 1 and 5 years in 65% and 85% of children with AD, respectively.
Roughly 60% of AD in young children starts before they are 1 year old. A
While AD is common in infancy and may persist throughout childhood, many cases might resolve naturally by the age of 12. It is also possible to get AD later in life, such as after puberty or as an adult.
AD can develop anywhere on the skin at any age. However, it is more likely to appear in specific areas during certain stages of growth. For example, most infants may experience AD on their face and cheeks, scalp, and eyelids. This is because these areas are more likely to become dry and may be prone to rubbing.
As infants learn to crawl, they may also experience symptoms on their knees and elbows, which may rub as they crawl or are within reach to scratch.
Other commonly affected areas may include:
- inside the elbows
- behind the knees
- wrists
- ankles
- hands
AD is more likely to occur in dry areas, so it is rare for it to develop in the diaper area as the skin is typically too moist. If an infant experiences a diaper rash, it is more likely to result from irritant contact dermatitis.
The symptoms of AD in a baby can vary. The characteristic sign is irritated and itchy skin in areas
Additionally, as the skin may cause discomfort, caregivers may notice the infant becoming fussy and having trouble sleeping. They may rub against objects to try and relieve the itchiness. It is also possible that infants may develop skin infections due to excessive rubbing. Their skin may appear to bubble up and weep a clear fluid.
The exact cause of AD is unclear. However, evidence suggests it involves an
Genes seem to play a role in the condition. A
The immune system develops early in life, so an overreaction of the immune system may relate to the high occurrence of AD in infancy. The environment may also play a role, as exposure to certain irritants, allergens, or environmental factors may trigger eczema.
There may be a link between other allergies and AD. A 2020 review notes the relationship between allergic conditions, which many experts refer to as the
To properly diagnose AD in infants, doctors will perform a physical examination of the skin to identify any affected patches. They will ask about the medical history of the child's parents, including a history of allergies or eczema.
They may also ask questions about the severity of symptoms, such as itchiness in the skin, as well as whether symptoms get worse at certain times. This might include while sleeping, after bathing, or when coming into contact with potential allergens.
In a few cases, doctors may recommend using allergy tests to check for allergens. This may include a skin prick test or allergy patch tests to help identify potential triggers. Allergy skin tests are not always necessary and may be less accurate in babies, but they might help identify allergens and triggers if the symptoms do not respond to standard treatments.
While there is currently no cure, treatments can help to control the symptoms of eczema. For an infant, this will typically
In some cases, doctors may recommend medical treatments to help ease symptoms and underlying inflammation. This may include the use of emollient creams or over-the-counter products that relieve itching and inflammation, such as hydrocortisone. However, it is important to check that the products are safe to use on a baby's skin before applying.
In more severe cases, doctors may also prescribe stronger medications or specific drugs to target inflammation or the immune system itself.
For mild eczema, home remedies and changes may help control symptoms and avoid flare-ups. Home remedies for an infant with eczema may include:
- avoiding known or potential allergens, such as soaps, fragrances, or smoke
- cutting their nails often to help them avoid scratching
- considering soft mittens for their hands while they sleep to prevent scratching
- bathing them with mild soap or soap-free cleanser and lukewarm water
- using soothing ingredients in their baths, such as oatmeal or chamomile
- adding humidity to their room or sleeping area with a humidifier
Anyone who has concerns about their infant's symptoms should talk with their doctor for a full diagnosis. Additionally, if symptoms of eczema do not improve after a week with home remedies or over-the-counter medicines, it is advisable to contact a doctor.
Working closely with a healthcare professional can help to identify and eliminate possible triggers and find ways to reduce flare-ups or ease symptoms.
People should also call a doctor if they notice any signs of infection. This can include skin that oozes pus or dark crusts appearing on the skin. A doctor may be able to prescribe antibiotics to treat bacterial infections and help reduce symptoms.
AD is an inflammatory skin condition that is very common in infants, occurring in up to
It typically appears in areas that may become dry and are prone to rubbing, such as the face.
Most treatments focus on easing symptoms of the condition, as well as preventing triggers to avoid flare-ups or make symptoms worse.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gun Lights
8 Items
The Baldr S is one of the most powerful compact light/green beam combos on the market. Its white light output goes up to an amazing 800 lumens and is complemented by a low 100-lumen setting. Its adjustable green beam provides foolproof accuracy when zeroed to your setup. Using the setting switch, you can change between the white light, green beam, and combined settings easily without turning it off. The built-in lithium polymer battery is increased to 3.7V 380mAh, ensuring a max runtime of 140 minutes. The Baldr S still features the patented sliding rail mount to easily adjust the light to your desired position and includes two types of rail adapters to fit both Glock and Picatinny rails. With the quick-install system, you can attach and release the light in seconds for instant activation. This powerful, precise, compact, and adjustable WML is the perfect compact defense light source.
Outstanding Performance: A maximum output of 1,250 lumens and a 240-meter beam distance with Professional WML, removable M-LOK mount features an innovative slide rail and a mechanical lock for a fast and secure attachment/detachment. Compatible with Picatinny rails with the optional Pic Rail Adapter.The push-to-lock magnetic remote switch comes with a locking function for quick operation and a tight fit by a slight push of the ring. Multifunctional Tail Switch: Magnetic charging, tactical handheld operation, and remote switch compatibility Powered by a single customized 2040mAh 18500 battery.


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What is the Angel Number? The universe gives us signs to help us with our lives. It's a question we should ask and follow the guidance of our guardian Angels. The angel number is a guidepost that will help us navigate our lives and remind us to let go of old ways. What does the angel number three mean to you? Find out below. This is the most popular angel number. It is also a good time for growth and change.
Angel Numbers are a sign from God
Have you ever noticed that the same things are happening around you? You are not crazy if you notice that things around you keep repeating themselves. This could be in the form numbers on license plates, receipts or even in your dreams. They are actually angelic numbers. These sequences can be a sign of angelic numbers. Pay attention to how they make you feel and how you relate to your everyday life. You may even find the answers to your problems or questions.
Angelic numbers are often presented in sequences of three to four, although this is not always true. These numbers can be used to represent many things, such as relationships, spirit, or moving up a level. For example, if you notice a repeating number, it might mean that you are going through a phase that will end in a certain period of time. It doesn't have to be so dramatic.
Angel numbers are messages from your high vibrational group. They serve as a thumbs-up for your actions or a sign from your guardian angels. They can also help you make a major decision. Angel numbers can also guide you through your relationships. They can offer guidance and inspiration. So, if you ever receive an angel number, you should investigate the meaning of it. Signs and energy go hand in hand so it is important to understand what they are trying to tell you.
An angelic sequence can have many benefits. First, these sequences can indicate change in your career or love life. You will miss out on the guidance of the universe if you don't act on these messages. Second, angelic sequences won't appear again until they are understood. This can lead to you missing important messages from God.
They are a question
Did you know that repeating patterns of numbers are common? You may even notice them on license plates and receipts. Your clock may also show the same numbers. If you have ever wondered what these numbers mean, don't worry, you're not going crazy! These patterns are messages from angels. These patterns are like movies: they're meant for you to navigate your life better.
Angel numbers are useful because they often relate to the present moment. Angels can support us in major decisions and give us positive reinforcement. They can also appear as random items in our day, like a $5.55 receipt. To interpret an angel number, you must identify your present concern. Then you can determine if the angel number is a sign of your angels, or just a coincidence.
Although the meaning of angel numbers can vary, they are a common indicator of a coming big change. It is important to trust your faith and turn to your angels for guidance. If you have received a sequence number of angel numbers, this is a sign you should follow. These numbers will help to manifest your dreams and bring you success in your life. Understanding them is as simple as understanding that they are messages from your angels.
It is a great way to get guidance by using angel numbers. But it is important to remember that the messages that are conveyed by your angels are neutral and not intended to take sides. Instead, they are there to support and guide you in the right way. They are not intended to force you into doing something that you don't want to do. They're simply there to help you find spiritual patterns that will assist you in your life.
They are a guidepost
Each number has its own vibration and energy. The sacred angel numbers can be a great way for guidance. The number one, for example, represents new beginnings, and is usually associated with the angelic realm. It's a sign that a new chapter is in the works when the number 1 appears in your life. This is a good time to be open to new experiences and opportunities. However, if you see this number a lot, you may want to focus on releasing control.
The number 111 is the most common sequence for this number. It is a sign of a willingness to pay attention to the world, and to what is happening. Repeating ones signify a willingness to share your knowledge, teach, be patient, and share it with others. It's a good time for you to listen to what your intuition is telling you and then take action according to that guidance. It may be the time to reevaluate your job and look for something that gives you more satisfaction.
The number 444 is the number of Divine energy found in nature. This energy is a source of nourishment for all life. The nature's angels help you feel connected with the Creator and the flow their healing energy. They help you make the right decisions and achieve your goals. The angel number 444 also helps you strengthen your spiritual foundation and your connection to your True Self. You may be amazed at what you can find when you connect to nature and take in fresh air.
The number 7373 is a symbol of love and support. When manifesting love, it is important to remain grounded in reality and avoid dreamlike scenarios. When someone shows up in your life, their true character will show itself. This is one way to get the help that you need from your angels. You'll be able to read these numbers if you notice them. So, what are you waiting for?
They are a reminder to let go
An Angel Number reminds you to let go and to open yourself to the possibilities. Angel Numbers are spiritual signs that are associated with new beginnings and love. Your Angel Number 1 means you are ready to embark on a new career. If you have an Angel Number of 5, you are ready for major changes in life. You may also be experiencing an imbalance between the material and spiritual worlds.
To open up to your angels, one of the first steps is to slow down and observe how you feel. It can be difficult to discern your emotions. However, by paying attention to how you feel, you will be able to tap into your intuition to receive messages from your Angels. You can learn more about these messages by journaling or creating art. Once you have identified your feelings, it's time to let go of any old hurts and move on.
While letting go is hard, it's essential for your soul to be free from negative energies. To be able focus on what you want, your mind must be free from negative emotions and feelings. Trust that you'll receive guidance and let go of all control. Your angels will always be there for you. They'll take care of the rest. It's impossible to make everyone happy. But, it is possible to find happiness by letting go.
The Angel number 2626 is a reminder that we need to look beyond our daily worries. It is important to let go of the fight or flight response. This is unhealthy and can lead directly to death and heart disease. While letting go of your worries and fears is difficult, the benefits can outweigh the negative. Being calm and focused will make you happier and healthier. If you can find the right balance between anxiety and calm, you will feel happier and more healthy than ever before.
They are a message of "above" and "beyond".
There are many ways to interpret angel numbers. Some believe the angels will give people specific numbers for special occasions. Others believe the number is a message from "above", or "beyond". For example, the number nine may signify the end of a relationship, while the number eight could mean the beginning of a new one.
If you are a New Age follower, you may have noticed certain numbers appearing in different situations. They may appear on your bills, watches, or clocks. However, they won't have a specific meaning unless they are part a larger picture. You might notice a pattern and want to pay attention. It can be used for many purposes.
An angel number is an indicator of the universe's intention to guide you toward a specific goal. If you see angel number 1212 often, it could indicate that you need to restore balance in your life. Many people become too focused on one thing, and neglect other areas. Harmony is essential to human existence. A 1212 message from "above", or "beyond", will help you find harmony.
Your angels may send you the number 711 when you're struggling in a relationship. It could also be a message for a change of direction in your life. Angel number 711 could indicate that you are ready to move on to happiness.
Angel number 777 can be a sign of spiritual development
Keep your heart open if you see the number 777 in the angel number. It means that you have an opportunity to move forward with your life. This could be something you have been waiting for. The number 777 is based upon the mathematical equation of life. This means that your hard work is paying off. The angel number 777 will bring you many blessings in your life. Although you may already have called upon the angels for assistance, if this is your first time, don't despair!
The angel number of 777 represents a dose positive energy that will assist you in your spiritual awakening. It also represents a life path that requires you to acquire enough knowledge and wisdom to design a life of purpose and meaning. You will be guided by the angels along this path to great success and greater spiritual growth. This number is often a sign you are on the right path.
Angel number 777 may signify good luck on your spiritual journey. It can also signify a new teacher. The angels can bring you messages from heaven and help you align your life with your soul's purpose. This message could help you move forward in a new direction and fulfill your destiny. This powerful message from your angels can help you make changes that will benefit you in a variety of ways.
The angel number of 777 is a symbol for greater inner wisdom. It also signifies the development of perception skills. People who connect with this angelic number are often spiritual and seek to expand their awareness of the universe. They are likely to possess psychic abilities and learn about human behavior. A 777 angel may help you to understand others and make them feel more at home. You may even experience the presence of your twin flame in your life.
The angel number 777 encourages you to develop your intuition and self-confidence. Your angels will show you kindness and mercy. They want you to believe that you are worthy. Trust your instincts and take your time when making decisions. The universe will support you every step of your journey. It encourages mental metamorphosis and supports you in your efforts to do so. Be brave and embark on your spiritual journey.
Angel number 222 is a sign for harmony
If you're seeing the number 222, you're likely on a journey to harmony. Harmony is the foundation of any new beginning, whether it be a new relationship, a pregnancy, or a new project. This number can signify your intuition and heart, and it is a sign of harmony and balance within yourself and the world around. But what does the number 222 mean?
In love, this number may indicate your twin flame, a person you can share the same experiences with as your twin flame. This person is a balancing power, a force of both positive and negative energy and shapes your life. Angels are there to help you find your balance, so you can rise above negative experiences and keep moving forward. Angel number 223, which can also be called love, can be used to indicate a commitment to a relationship. This number can be used to indicate a commitment to a relationship. However, it could also signify that you need to work hard and be focused in order to make it last.
It is important to take note of your actions when you encounter angel number 222. If you are seeing this number frequently, you should meditate to find out what it means. If you aren't sure, you can always get a complimentary numerology reading by simply providing your name as well as your date of birth. Once you've received your personalized numerology chart, you'll know whether the number 222 is a sign of harmony or balance in your life.
Accepting the changes in your life is important if you are experiencing a shift. This shift can bring new energy into your life. You will reap the benefits of these changes if you are open to them and accept them. This number may even be able to show you the way towards the life solution that you've been seeking.
While you may not want to dwell on the message you receive when seeing 222, you should be grateful for this opportunity. This is a good time to make new decisions and make changes that will lead to a better life. Similarly, if you're having trouble making decisions, it's a sign of a new chapter in your life. It's important not to get too attached to what it means. It's a reminder that you should enjoy the moment.
Angel number 223, which is also known as Angel Number 222, is a sign that there is coexistence
A person will often see angel number 222 in their life to encourage them towards finding balance in life. They will ask you to prioritize your goals and organize them. If you notice an imbalance in your relationships, you should work on it. Angels want you to maintain balance in all areas of your life, and if you see the number 222 frequently, you may need to work on your relationships.
The number 222 has many meanings. It symbolizes the union between the masculine, feminine principles. It also represents the meeting place between the conscious and subconscious mind. It can also be a sign of peace, a transition from the past, or a clear sense of purpose. The angels can help you find the right balance between your inner desires, and the universe. However, it may take a while before you reach a point where you can feel fully aligned with the universe.
If you see the number 222, it could be a sign that you have entered a new phase of your life. You may also experience the birth of a twin flame. The angels can help you develop your confidence and work towards fulfilling your dreams. If you are blessed with this angel number, a twin flame relationship can be possible. However, if you are lacking confidence, this angel number is there to guide you to self-confidence.
The 222 angel number is a message to act upon your inner desires and keep positive and hopeful. The angels will encourage your relationship with your twin flame. This is someone who is very like you in all aspects and who is a spiritual mirror of you. Because they are two separate souls, twin flames are often called soulmates. The twin flame and its twin are often connected and work well together.
A 222 angel number can also signal a time of significant growth. This may occur in various aspects of your life. You may experience growth in many areas, and you may even experience great harmony with others. The outcome will depend on how you approach the changes and challenges. The angels of 222 can help you create a new vision of your life, and make a positive difference. The angels can help you if you feel overwhelmed by change.
Angel number 222 is a sign of spiritual growth
Angel number 222 is a sign that your spiritual growth has been on the rise. This number can be interpreted as an inner awakening, which will bring you new ideas and more confidence. It may also inspire you to work towards a goal that you've had your eye on for quite some time. You may be seeing this number in your life. Be sure to pay attention to the angels' other signs.
The number 222 has many meanings. It could mean many things to different people, but in general, it signifies that your spiritual growth is on the rise. It could also indicate that you are making difficult decisions. Your guardian angels encourage you to put in the effort and it will pay off in long-term. You can also expect to be rewarded for your efforts.
The number 222 also represents the presence of two angelic beings watching over you from heaven. In 11:22 p.m. you might have seen your true self. This number can help to remove negative energy, and aid in spiritual growth. Believers in this number are encouraged and supported to reach their goals and use the holy energy of their angelic presence. This number also signifies mental progress and the ability to perceive new things. You might gain a new perspective on someone you work with or something else.
It's time to seek answers if you have been seeing this number in all your life. An angel can help you discover your true purpose in this life. This number can indicate a life shift and it is a sign that you are ready to make a change. It can bring you solutions and lessons that will change your life. So take advantage of it.


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Jason Momoa gets horny for a new Netflix fantasy. The success of Godzilla vs. Kong leaves Dune's streaming/theatrical dual-release up in the air. James Gunn offers the tiniest update on Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. Plus, a brief look at the final episode of Wynonna Earp. Spoilers go!
Lionsgate has confirmed that Edgar Ramirez has joined the cast of the Borderlands adaptation as Atlas, "a business titan, arms manufacturer and the most powerful person in the universe."
Netflix has our first look at Jason Momoa as a satyr in Slumberland.
Deadline reports Warner Bros "hasn't decided yet" if Denis Villeneuve's Dune will "go day and date theatrical and on HBO Max" as previously planned, due to the theatrical success of Godzilla vs. Kong.
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 begins filming later this year, according to James Gunn on Twitter.
Ghostbusters: Afterlife
During a recent interview with Collider, Bill Murray stated he believes Ghostbusters: Afterlife will have "the feel of the first" movie due to "the very high misery quotient" he experienced during filming.
I remember him calling me and saying, 'I've got an idea for another Ghostbusters. I've had this idea for years.I thought, 'What the heck could that possibly be?' I remember him when he was a kid. I remember his Bar Mitzvah. I was like, 'What the heck? What does this kid know?' But he had a really, really wonderful idea that he wrote with another wonderful guy that I got to work with, Gil Kenan, who made City of Ember. The two of them wrote a Ghostbusters movie that really brings it back to life. It really has the feel of the first one, more than the second one or the girls' one. It has a different feel than two out of four.
I think he's really got something. It was hard. It was really hard. That's why I think it's gonna be good. We were just in it for a little while, but it was physically painful. Wearing those packs is extremely uncomfortable. We had batteries the size of batteries. They now have batteries the size of earrings. It's still a really heavy thing to wear, all the time. The special effects in this one are a lot of wind and dirt in your face, and there was a lot of going down and getting back up. I was like, 'What is this? What am I doing? These are like Bulgarian deadlifts, or a Russian kettlebell, getting up and down with this thing on my back.' It was very uncomfortable. Usually, when something has a very high misery quotient, something comes of that and some quality is produced that, if you can capture it and project it, comes on the screen and affects you. I think it comes out sometime in the fall. They've delayed it for a year or a year and a half, but I'm glad they did. It will be worth seeing.
Batman: The Long Halloween
Though Batman: The Long Halloween Part One was recently rated PG-13 by the MPAA, Bloody-Disgusting now reports Part Two has been rated "R" for "some violence and bloody images."
Jennifer Jason Leigh has joined the cast of Hunters' second season as Chava, a character only described as "a top Nazi hunter." [Deadline]
Wynonna Earp
Finally, Syfy has released a clip from this week's series finale of Wynonna Earp.
Banner art by Jim Cook


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Socialite Paris Hilton is to launch a new line of luxury hotels, following in the footsteps of her great-grandfather Conrad Hilton.
According to Forbes magazine, she will open hotels in Dubai, New York and Las Vegas — three of her favourite places to visit. A launch date is yet to be revealed, reports femalefirst.co.uk.
This will not be Hilton's first venture into the real estate world.
In 2010, she designed two Beach Clubs for Azure Urban Resort Residences by Century Properties in the Philippines. — IANS


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Portada » News » Welcome to Sur Empresarial Business Center, our new charity partner
The Sur Empresarial Business Center, which works with businesses and investors in Getafe, will be donating 10% of its membership fees to Aladina. They'll also be helping us promote the work that we do to help children with cancer.
This new partnership is really exciting, and we'd like to thank the organization's more than 1,500 employees for believing in Aladina.
This announcement coincides with more good news from Getafe, where we recently opened a new garden in the pediatric unit at the Hospital de Getafe. (The garden was made possible thanks to the support of Joyería Suárez).
Welcome to the Aladina family and thank you again for your support!


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Microsoft Office Training Classes in Muncie, Indiana
Learn Microsoft Office in Muncie, Indiana and surrounding areas via our hands-on, expert led courses. All of our classes either are offered on an onsite, online or public instructor led basis. Here is a list of our current Microsoft Office related training offerings in Muncie, Indiana: Microsoft Office Training
Microsoft Office Training Catalog
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- See our complete public course listing
Blog Entries publications that: entertain, make you think, offer insight
Globalization is the fundamental force changing IT service delivery and business's competitive activities in almost every vertical market — and thus economies — in some way, shape or form. One might say that globalization is not a new trend and has been commonplace for quite some time now. Yes, but with the changing economic environment globalizations has special implications for the IT outsourcing industry. With developed countries like the U.S. keeping a strict eye on generating local jobs, IT outsourcing especially in Asian countries such as India and China is expected to see globalization brining in big shifts in business strategy
Potential Impact of Globalization
· Increase in near shoring in addition to outsourcing. Near shoring essentially refers to existing IT companies setting up development/delivery centers in Nordic and South American regions in order to offer same time zone services and also bypass the laws governing local hiring
· A truly global delivery model. Service delivery models will have to become more efficient and flexible and work well even if service teams spread across continents
This will mean that large IT outsourcing companies such as TCS will have to expand their presence globally from just having sales offices to actual delivery teams shipping out solutions.
Applications are becoming more and more sophisticated as languages such as Python open the doors to the world of programming for people who have the creative vision but always felt actually writing code was beyond their grasp.
A large part of any programs success is based on how well it can react to the events which it has been programmed to understand and listen for.
A good example of an event would be when the user clicks a button on the applications window. What happens when that button is clicked?
Well, the first thing that happens is the operating system sends out a message to let any listening software know that the button was clicked. Next, your application needs to do something in response to that event.
Every programming language has a mechanism to allow the programmer to create variables which hold custom data entered in by either the coder themselves or by the user of the application.
Regardless of whether you're new to programming or not, you will have used variables and you should understand that in javascript they can hold any value such as a number or a string of text.
There is also another type of variable called an Array. Now, depending on who you talk to, some will say an array is actually an object, while others say it is a variable. Neither one is wrong but for the sake of simplicity we'll refer to it as a variable.
Now, arrays are special because they can hold multiple values as opposed to standard variables which can only hold a single value at one time. If you can, try and imagine that your computer's memory is made up of thousands of little boxes, and each of those boxes has an address which javascript will use to retrieve the array values when needed.
It's the eternal conundrum of a hiring manager – you have to hire for every single position in the company without any first-hand experience. How to do it? If you can have a trusted programmer sit in on the interview, that's ideal, of course. But what if you're hiring your first programmer? Or what if you're hiring a freelancer? Or what if company policy dictates that you're the only person allowed to do the interviewing? Well, in that case, you need some helpful advice and your innate bullshit detector. We questioned programmers and hiring managers and compiled a list of dos and don'ts. Here are some things to ask when interviewing programmers:
Past Experience
Ask the programmer about the biggest disaster of his career so far, and how he handled it. Did he come in at midnight to fix the code? Was he unaware of the problem until someone brought it up? Did someone else handle it? According to our programmer sources, "Anyone worth their salt has caused a major meltdown. If they say they haven't, they're lying. Or very, very green." Pushing a code with bugs in it isn't necessarily bad. Not handling it well is bad.
As usual, your biggest asset is not knowing the field, it is knowing people. Asking about career disasters can be uncomfortable, but if the interviewee is experienced and honest then she won't have a problem telling you about it, and you will get an idea of how she handles mishaps. Even if you don't understand what the disaster was or how it was fixed, you should be able to tell how honest she's being and how she handles being put on the spot.
Tech Life in Indiana
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UTEP men's basketball game with Arizona Christian postponed; now to play Sul Ross
The UTEP men's Thursday basketball game with Arizona Christian has been postponed, replaced with a 6 p.m. Saturday game against Sul Ross State.
The postponement with Arizona Christian was originally reported on ACU's website, hours before a 5:18 p.m. three-paragraph press release from UTEP.
UTEP was originally set to play Sul Ross Thursday on the schedule the Miners released on Nov. 17, but a week ago Sul Ross was replaced by Arizona Christian. That was not announced other than an update in the online schedule.
Last Saturday, UTEP's Sunday game at Arizona was canceled because of positive COVID tests and contact tracing in UTEP's program. On Monday UTEP said Thursday's game with Arizona Christian was still on.
As UTEP announced 48 hours before its season opener against UT-Permian Basin, early-season games, including Sul Ross, will be played with no fans.
Bret Bloomquist can be reached at 915-546-6359; firstname.lastname@example.com; @Bretbloomquist on Twitter.


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text: << Friday 02 January, 2004This page was originally published on Saturday 03 January, 2004.Browse our archives: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Sunday 04 January, 2004 >>Click here to read today's edition! >> Music Daily Artist Finder Search CDNow Artist Album Title Song Title SonicNet: the online music network Billboard.com The Ultimate Band List MusicSearch.com The Musicosm musreview.com bandsearch.net popcentric.com Pop-Music.net Gallery of Indispensable Pop Music melodicrock.com - melodic, commercial, AOR, pop and hard rock. Popawheelie SpanishPop.com poptopia.com - great artists and bands of pop music Planet Pop Pop Music at Orbitmusic Kelly Ran Out When Kurt WonSTUNNED "American Idol" champ Kelly Clarkson abruptly left the set of "World Idol" New Years' night after fans snubbed her in favor of a gap-toothed plumber from Norway. Clarkson, who had been favored to win the competition, appeared dazed by the loss and did not stick around to congratulate Kurt Nilsen, 24, the good-natured father of two who won. Clarkson placed second(WorldPhotos.com)... Entertainment Pop Music Celebrity Photos Young Adam receives seven nominations in London Film Critics awardsTHE Scottish film Young Adam is leading the field for this year's London Film Critics' Circle Awards, receiving nominations for seven categories. Ewan McGregor is in the running for best British actor and David Mackenzie is up for three awards - best British director, best British screenwriter and best British newcomer(WorldPhotos.com)...Entertainment Film Celebrity Scots Photos ROCK/POP HIP HOP COUNTRY/FOLK Kelly Ran Out When Kurt WonJackson Living In Fear After ThreatsPosh needs David to boost salesOnce were Samurai Ace of Clubs: Hip Hop HoodiosYou're a hip-hop nobody without champagne in your handLL Cool J Brings Hip-Hop Flavor to the Gatorade Sports Science StoryIt pops in hip-hop circles Country Noms Seldom Mirror Popular TastesUnocal team visits Sylhet62 Bangladeshi fishermen in Indian jail OUR CORRESPONDENT, BARGUNAAccused in murder case killed A CORRESPONDENT, KUSHTIA JAZZ BLUES CLASSICAL Grizzlies Beat Jazz to End Losing StreakKeys, Arie, Cash Tribute Set For Jamaica FestLooking death straight in the eyeHarpring Leads Jazz Past 76ers 106-97 Blue Jackets Rip Lightning 2-0Blue Parrot Completes Financing of $1,342,400MacLean Quits As Coach of Blue JacketsBlues' Power-Play Goals Doom Rangers 5-4 Classical Labels Devise New Ways to Stay Afloat'It's important to have a sense of confusion in culture'A Band of Boys comes to town!Azerbaijan mourns for ex-president Aliev SOUL Other Top Music News Keys, Arie, Cash Tribute Set For Jamaica FestReds want 'Great Russia'Ailing Luther Vandross Tops American Music AwardsAmerican Music Awards 3 Doors Down Plan Benefit ConcertKelly Ran Out When Kurt WonBritney's corkin' EveThe chartbustersBuy, Buy Mister `American Pie' ticketsMontreal Label Scores with Kinkade SeriesNew Technology Brings TV to Cell PhonesWonder, Kelly Offer R&B Observations Search OEM Top WN Network Feedback Jobs Forum Submit Photo Your Opinion Ads ©2003 WN.com Top WN Network Contacts Jobs Forum Submit Photo Ads ©2001 WorldNews.com


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We're currently in the grips of the highest temperates ever recorded in the UK, and I simply find myself saying the words "It's too hot" multiple times an hour.
For a city famed for its rainfall, we're actually rather blessed with some truly excellent beer gardens, with everything from multi-million-pound terraces around the back of a hotel, to a makeshift garden on the top of one of the city's most iconic boozers.
Escape to Freight Island
Escape to Freight Island has been a hit with Manchester folk and beyond since it opened its doors, with it's mix of indoor and outdoor entertainment, cocktails, beers and eclectic food menu from an impressive selection of street food vendors. It's hard to beat the sheer thrill of being here when it's sunny, half-cut, dancing around like you're in Ibiza. It's a 'vibe' that we don't usually get here in Manchester, so when we do – enjoy it.
Escape to Freight Island, 11 Baring Street, Manchester, M1 2PZ
Ducie Street Warehouse
With a huge south-facing terrace around the back of Ducie Street Warehouse – this place is perfect when the sun is out. There's even some huge umbrellas for you to sit under if you're a bit scared of the sun – ginger people and vampires I'm talking about. Great beers, lovely cocktails and some fantastic dishes from Head Chef Andrew Green – all perfect enjoyed out on this beauty in the sun.
20 Stories
Offering up the city's highest and most impressive terraces was never going to be an easy task – especially in Manchester, but the bods behind 20 Stories thought about all of that years ago – so we don't need to worry. A fair whack of this high-up terrace is under cover to protect you from the Manchester elements – but when the sun comes out – those gazebos come down.
NO. 1, 1 Hardman Square, Manchester M3 3EB
The Mews
I should just put 'Deansgate Mews' on here – because this is probably the biggest beer garden / terrace in the city. Well, it's close enough. Tucked away up some stairs just off Deansgate, the Mews is a long street with some great bars and restaurants on there – and it really comes alive when the sun comes out. The Mews have their cocktails and charcuterie boards, Another Hand for the food, and you'll probably find some live music on atThe Lion's Den.
The Black Friar
The historic Salford boozer has a truly magnificent terrace and beer garden out back, one which has been given a Didsbury Gin spruce up this summer, alongside a new menu of flatbreads and small plates – perfect for enjoying in this great little sun trap.
41-43 Blackfriars Rd, Salford M3 7DB
Dukes 92
The second the sun peeks out from behind a particularly large cumulonimbus, this HUGE terrace gets packed with a crowd that can only really be described as 'attractive'. The sun heralds a day of excessive Prosecco, loads of Balearic tunes, six packs, BBQ'ed meats and the kind of antics that would leave most people in bed for 5.30pm. Dukes also has the added benefit of being located in Castlefield, pretty much the centre of large outdoor beer gardens in the city – so if Dukes is busy – there's plenty more places to choose from.
Dukes 92, 18 – 25 Castle St, Manchester M3 4LZ
Crazy Pedro's Bridge Street
This is quite possibly one of the best beer gardens in the whole city. Not only does it benefit from the sun for pretty much the whole day, but you can drink margaritas and eat slices of pizza all bloody day and right into the night (and even until 4am if you can hack it). The only thing that is missing is a paddling pool – I'll submit my recommendation to the staff as soon as possible.
Crazy Pedro's, 55-57 Bridge St, Manchester M3 3BQ
Even when the sun comes out for a measly 5 minutes on a Tuesday afternoon, Flok's outdoor terrace gets busy. It's as if people can smell the vitamin D from a mile off, and if you're anywhere near Stevenson Square – there's no better spot than the corner that Flok is on. Not only is it a brilliant place to watch all of the NQ's weirdos go about their business, there's loads of standing space so it gets pretty rowdy and a lot of fun.
Flok, 5 Stevenson Square, Manchester M1 1DN
What could be considered one huge outdoor terrace, the garden at KAMPUS is surrounded by the likes of Pollen, Nell's and Beeswing, with upcoming additions including Great North Pie Co. and Cloudwater's new pub – all adding to the perfect summer eating and drinking destination. There's also a lovely little bit on the canal where you can sit with your feet in the water.
Rain Bar
From the front, Rain Bar just looks like your bog-standard boozer but take a little trip around the back and you're greeted with one of the city's best sun traps and the perfect place to enjoy an afternoon in the sun with your mates. A multi-levelled marvel that goes right down to the canal side, there's always somewhere to sit here and you're guaranteed to be in the sun for at least 5 hours a day – even in the winter.
Rain Bar, 80 Great Bridgewater St, Manchester M1 5JG
The Oast House
A colossal beer garden right outside the entrance to the Crown Courts, you can drink cocktails and eat kebabs in the sun. This place is one of the city's best sun traps, and most people in the city know it – so with a tiny bit of sun you should expect some big crowds. It can be a bit of a nightmare at the bar when it's really busy so instead of buying one pint at a time, just order bottles of wine instead.
The Oast House, Crown Square, The Avenue Courtyard, Manchester M3 3AY
Ramona & Firehouse
If you're still yet to visit Ramona, what have you been doing?! The majority of my time is spent daydreaming about their truffle potatoes. Anyway, alongside its amazing food offerings, both Ramona & Firehouse have fantastic outdoor terraces, which are perfect both in the winter and the summer. Firehouse in particular, if you fancy some serious Balearic & LA vibes – there's no better place.
40 Swan Street, Manchester, M4 5JG
Not only do Atlas Bar have the outdoor terrace game pretty much sewn up, they also serve a whopping selection of over 300 gins – which when paired with tonic, ice and citrus fruit becomes the most perfect hot weather drink ever invented. The outdoor space gets sun pretty much all day, it's massive and there's always a friendly crowd in there. Pretty much perfect really.
Atlas, 376 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4LY
Thomas Street
Currently in the process of being completely pedestrianised, with some big concrete bollards and bottleneck pavements being installed, Thomas Street is a fantastic spot when the sun comes out. There's loads of options for eating and drinking in the sun, including Fierce, Terrace (who are mentioned elsewhere here), Wolf at the Door, The Bay Horse Tavern, Cane & Grain and The Smithfield Social. It's perfect for chilling and watching the weirdos of the NQ come and go, and occasionally some mad bastard pulls out a trumpet or other instrument and pegs it up and down regaling everyone with tunes.
The Briton's Protection
A proper boozer which specialises in whiskey, The Briton's Protection serve over 300 different types of the stuff, from bottles that you'll have seen for years, right up to really expensive tipples that even Richard Branson would think twice about buying. Head round the back too and you'll find a brilliant little courtyard which is always lively and seemingly always sunny.
The Briton's Protection, 50 Great Bridgewater St, Manchester M1 5LE
0161 236 5895
The Wharf
Even though it looks like a miniature stately home from Brideshead Revisited, The Wharf is in fact a bustling pub that is pretty much heaving all year round. In the winter people flock to their doors to eat meat and gravy next to a fire with their dog while in the summer they descend upon the HUGE beer garden out front to frolic in the sun and drink too much Somerset cider. Just don't get too hot and try to jump in either the small fountain or the canal. Both are frowned upon I'm afraid.
The Wharf, 6 Slate Wharf, Manchester M15 4ST
Zouk take supreme pride in the quality of their outdoor terrace – one which is commanded by a very impressive heavy-duty awning. In the winter it's extended, protecting you from the rain and with about 15 heaters keeping you warm. When the sun comes out – that awning disappears and you're treated to a great outdoor space that's perfect for cocktails, curries and shisha.
Zouk Tea Bar & Grill, 5, The Quadrangle, Chester Street, M1 5QS
Cutting Room Square
The heart of the re-developed (and not rough anymore) Ancoats, flanked on all sides by eateries and apartments and a prime hotspot when the sun comes out. All of the places around Cutting Room Square have terraces on the public space, including Jimmy's, NAM, Elnecot, Rudy's, Jane Eyre and just a little further down, Edinburgh Castle, Canto and Mule. There's definitely a vibe down here when the sun's out and is the perfect city centre spot to lose a few hours on a lovely summer's evening.
Sinclair's Oyster Bar
The city's classic beer garden and the one which most people getting off the train at Victoria will head straight for. Not actually just Sinclair's but also the neighbouring Wellington, this beer garden is gigantic and whenever the sun comes out it gets seriously packed with people. It's also worth noting that the booze in Sinclair's is impressively cheap – but they're CASH ONLY and you're banned from using your phone and swearing in there.
Sinclairs Oyster Bar, 2 Cathedral Gates, Manchester M3 1SW
0161 834 0430
The Refuge
Slap bang right in the middle of The Refuge is their courtyard which okay, doesn't get much sunlight at all really, but is still a great place to sit and enjoy the heat and the great outdoors. It also benefits from being secluded, away from the hustle and bustle of city life in the heat. This summer they're also serving up Gyros and award-winning ice cream from Saddleworth's Grandpa Greene's.
The Refuge, Oxford St, Manchester M60 7HA
One of the Northern Quarter's most beloved terraces, Alvarium's small (ish) spot on Dorsey Street was at danger of being taken away at the beginning of the year. All is fine at the moment though, meaning you can enjoy some great cocktails, a cracking happy hour and food from lasagne masters Lazy Tony's (until the first week in August) – all out on the terrace in the sunshine.
Alvarium, 8 Dorsey St, Manchester M4 1LU
Down on Red Bank, or the Green Quarter, the team at GRUB have created an oasis of fantastic street food and drinks pretty much in the middle of nowhere, and it's well worth the walk out there to visit. Out back there's an excellent beer and street food garden – that get's a load of sun and gets pretty busy on the weekends.
Big Hands
Headquarters of anyone heading to some weird gig at Manchester Academy, Big Hands not only has a rather decent (and hidden) beer garden, they also have a very impressive range of beers in which to drink while you're up there. They've got a top selection of Belgian beauties which are perfect for drinking in the sun because they're so strong that you get drunk much quicker.
Big Hands, 296 Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9NS
0161 272 7309
The Ivy Rooftop Terrace
Technically inside, but also technically outside – essentially walking a velvet tightrope of sophistication and function, The Ivy's Rooftop Terrace is actually one of the prettiest and most stylish spots in the city. When the sun comes out the windows get opened and it's glorious up here – so splash out on a bottle of Champers and enjoy yourself.
The Ivy Spinningfields, The Pavillion, Byrom St, Manchester M3 3HG
The Con Club
Unbeknown to many, Altrincham's Con Club doesn't just have an excellent terrace out the front, but also offer up a secluded rooftop terrace – accessible up their stairs on the right when you walk in. You're spoilt for choice when the sun rears its pretty little head, and it's the same when it comes to the food and the drink here – there's LOADS of both. Sushi and fizz out in the sun anyone?
48 Greenwood Street, Altrincham, WA14 1RZ
Dakota Hotel
They spent about £1m doing up their terrace at Dakota last year, money that has definitely paid for itself in spades now that places can only open up outside. Covered, heated and actually really rather pretty – there are few better places to go in the city – especially when the sun comes out.
Dakota, 29 Ducie St, Manchester M1 2JL
0161 674 9180
Everyone goes crazy over YES – primarily because of its perfect mix of live music, street food, cheap beer and of course THAT rooftop terrace. Resembling something you'd find in the deepest, darkest parts of hipster Brooklyn, the rooftop terrace of YES is the perfect hideout no matter what time of the year. Half under cover, and the other half open to the elements, this terrace is fantastic for when the sun is out. They also have an outdoor bit downstairs and across the road too.
YES, 38 Charles Street, Manchester. M1 7BD
Terrace has been a staple of the Northern Quarter nightlife scene for years now, and come summer or winter, its beer garden is a divine retreat away from the hustle and bustle of city centre living. The bar offers a great list of cocktails and beer from around the world, as well as a menu full of wood-fired pizzas, sandwiches, burgers and Sunday roasts, all of which can be enjoyed in the comfort of its heated terrace!
Terrace NQ, 43 Thomas St, Manchester M4 1NA
0161 819 2345
Even though a large proportion of Hatch is, in fact, right underneath the Mancunian Way, so there's no real chance that you'll get any sunshine this week, there's actually a lot that's out in the open. Head down to where the street food vendors are and you'll be out in the glorious sunshine with your sunnies on, and an ice cold lager in your hand.
Hatch, 103 Oxford Rd, Manchester M1 7ED
The Old Abbey Tap House
Probably the best terrace that you've not heard of – the Old Abbey Tap House have a cracking outside bit – with covers, DJs, pizza and loads of craic. Once you're here it's hard to leave – especially when the shots come out. One of the best sunny Spring/Summer afternoon jaunts in the entire city.
The Old Abbey Taphouse, Guildhall Close, Hulme, M15 6SY
0161 226 2052
Bar San Juan
Probably the very best tapas bar in the entire of Manchester, and a place where I managed to ensnare a wife – San Juan is just perfect for a date or romantic meal for two. There's the flawless tapas, the friendly service and the boisterous atmosphere, coupled with jugs and jugs of Sangria and you'll have the best time ever.
Bar San Juan, 56 Beech Rd, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester M21 9EG
The DogHouse
A massive rooftop terrace on the top of BrewDog's new DOGHOUSE Hotel – there's a bar up here, loads of seating and even a Taco Hut – serving up, well – tacos obviously. This is also a prime spot for looking through at people working away at their computers in their offices, and it's a lot of fun to really rub it in that you're not working and enjoying a few pints.
DogHouse Hotel, 18-20 Fountain St, Manchester M2 2AR


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Enjoy the new video I posted on www.youtube.com.
You are Only as Successful as Your Beliefs – enjoy this short video.
If there is one thing that holds the most power over your success, you can bet that it comes down to your beliefs.
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New Book: Live Life with No Regrets – Download a Chapter Absolutely FREE!!
To download a chapter of my new book, Live Life with No Regrets absolutely free, click the link below or cut and paste it into your browser. Apply the concepts for even greater value. Enjoy!
Aim for what you want each and every day!


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With voting on a Republican U.S. Senate pick still to go, convention delegates decided to take a break.
In a flurry of 2 a.m.. votes, they opted to resume work after some sleep.
Shortly before they called it quits, the convention was split between their two remaining candidates, St. Louis County Commissioner Chris Dahlberg and businessman Mike McFadden. Dahlberg had 54 percent of the vote and McFadden had 44 percent.
With a supermajority of 60 percent required for endorsement, delegates, who had been working all day, moved to take it up after some sleep.
"It's part of the process," Samuel Hass, of Burnsville, said. He and his wife are first time delegates and didn't expect to be at the convention all night. "I'm not much of a night owl but it's fun."
On Saturday, delegates may have an equally long day ahead of them.
They had long been expected to take up endorsement of a candidate to face Gov. Mark Dayton. Now, they will also have to continue their battle over who they believe should face Sen. Al Franken as well.
No matter who delegates pick in those premiere contests, Republicans will also see a primary in August.
McFadden and several prominent candidates for governor have all said they will run in a primary, regardless of who wins the convention-goers votes.
Abby Simons contributed to this report.


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QuickStudy: English Common Core (2nd grade)
Students, parents and teachers can easily find answers related to the specific requirements of The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts. This set of expectations and skills need to be mastered to succeed in school, college and the real world. The QuickStudy® series aligns with those standards being implemented in most states to help guide students through their classes, and to support parents helping their students succeed. Each guide in the series focuses on critical areas of the curriculum and features real-world problems, examples, illustrations, and tables to help students retain information.
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By Colin Cheyne, John Worrall
Alan Musgrave has constantly defended positions that he regards as commonsensical – severe realism and demanding rationalism. In defence of critcal realism he argues for the target lifestyles of the exterior global in place of idealism, in addition to arguing for medical realism opposed to all anti-realist money owed of technological know-how. His severe rationalism is drawn from the paintings of Karl Popper and stands against inductivist and irrationalist methodologies. In defence of those positions, Musgrave's writings have lined quite a lot of themes in epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of technological know-how, philosophy of arithmetic, background of technology, theories of fact, and fiscal idea. during this quantity a gaggle of internationally-renowned authors speak about issues which are appropriate in a single approach or one other to Musgrave's paintings. this isn't meant as a typical celebratory festschrift yet particularly as a brand new exam of issues of present curiosity in philosophy. The contributory essays are via responses from Alan Musgrave himself.
Read Online or Download Rationality and Reality: Conversations with Alan Musgrave PDF
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Additional resources for Rationality and Reality: Conversations with Alan Musgrave
Example text
26 COLIN CHEYNE Who are 'We'? Perhaps 'We' refers to those of us who believe that inductive reasoning is logically invalid and that to reason in a logically invalid way is unreasonable or irrational. So, perhaps a solution to the problem of induction requires an account of how we may acquire evidence-transcendent beliefs that are reasonable without abandoning our beliefs about induction and validity. If so, then our believing in the reasonableness of induction is ruled out. However, our acquisition of reasonable evidence-transcendent beliefs on testimony is not ruled out, and if something like T´ is the appropriate epistemic principle, then our acquisition of such beliefs by testimony alone is not ruled out.
Now I am not concerned here with exegesis. After all, Popper wrote little on what constitutes reasonable belief, and was somewhat cautious on the issue as to which hypotheses should or should not be believed or accepted. 'I do not demand that 6 See Coady (1992) for an extended exploration of the way that our epistemic resources are inextricably enmeshed with testimony. 28 COLIN CHEYNE every scientific statement must have in fact been tested before it is accepted. I only demand that every such statement must be capable of being tested' (Popper 1968, p.
Secondly, there are immediate questions about the completeness (or perhaps aptness) of Musgrave's classification: where, in particular, does the currently most widely held account of confirmation—personalist Bayesianism—figure within his scheme? I suppose that intuitively most philosophers of science would regard the Bayesian theory as the archetypically 'logical' approach to confirmation. , p. 2) and Bayesianism certainly seems to be what eventually became of that orthodoxy, even to the extent to its being explicitly adopted by Carnap in his later years.


text: A life-long Jane Austen and time-travel aficionado, Hannah Vale was inspired to write Time & Tenacity, her first novel, after wondering what would happen if Pride and Prejudice ended with Mary or Kitty Bennet running away with the Doctor from Doctor Who. Fascinated by the Regency period, but time machine-less herself, she was determined to write an exciting story that fused the two worlds together. She lives in the Dallas, Texas area with her family, her cat Georgie, and her gerbils Jane and Lizzy.


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<< cont. from part 1
1. Power Sources
Substation auxiliary AC supplies may be derived from dedicated sources or from additional circuits on low voltage distribution switchgear forming part of the substation's outgoing distribution system. Three examples are given in FIG. 5:
_ Simple 380-415 V three phase circuit allocations fed by the distribution substation transformer(s).
_ Tertiary windings on substation main transformer(s) or from earthing transformer (zigzag star-star) windings.
_ Dedicated substation auxiliary transformers and switchgear.
The essential factors to be considered are the level of security of supply required (duplicated transformers, independent source of supply, LVAC sectionalized switchboard, key interlocks, etc.), the fault level of the LVAC switchgear (possible high fault levels at primary substation sites) and allowances for future substation extensions (additional future switchgear bays, future use of presently equipped or unequipped spare ways).
2. LVAC Switchboard Fault Level
The substation auxiliary LVAC switchboard will typically be fed by auxiliary transformers in the range 100_630 kVA. Transformers in this range normally have impedance values of the order of 4_5% and will therefore act as the main fault limiting element in the system between generation source and substation LVAC switchboard. Neglecting source impedance this implies auxiliary transformer secondary fault levels of some 12 MVA without having transformers in parallel. Key-interlock systems are usually employed to pre vent paralleling of substation auxiliary transformers and thereby avoid exceeding the fault rating of the switchgear. Air circuit breakers are often employed as incomers and bus-section switches on the LVAC switchboard.
They can be specified to cater for high fault levels and load currents over a wide temperature range in withdrawable format and as an integral part of a larger switchboard.
3. Auxiliary Transformer LV Connections
A single auxiliary transformer is normally connected to the LVAC distribution switchboard earth and neutral busbars via links as shown in Figs. 4.6a_c.A current transformer (CT) associated with secondary unrestricted earth fault protection is located on the earth side of the neutral to earth link. In this way the CT is in the path of the earth fault current. At the same time unbalanced or harmonic currents involving the neutral (3rd harmonics and multiples) won't be 'seen' by the CT in this position. This is the 'classic' standby earth fault (SBEF) protection CT location and transformer connection to the LVAC switchboard for a single transformer source of supply. This arrangement is unsatisfactory when applied to a multi-source supply system.
Consider the case of two auxiliary transformers, A and B, used to derive the substation auxiliary LVAC supply. FIG. 6b shows such a system with a key-interlocked normally open LV busbar-section circuit breaker and the same 'classic' SBEF CT location. For an earth fault, IF 5IFA 1IFB, on the left-hand side LV switchgear busbar fed by transformer A a proportion of the fault current, IFB, may return to the neutral of transformer A via the earthing path of transformer B. This fault current could therefore cause the relay associated with transformer B to operate. If the earth fault current path is particularly unfavorable it's possible for the LVAC switchboard incomer from transformer B to be tripped, thereby losing the healthy side of the switchboard. In addition it should be noted that the IFB proportion of the fault current will bypass, and not be summated by the neutral CT associated with the transformer supplying the fault.
IF = busbar earth fault current. IFA =component of earth fault current returning via transformer 'A' neutral to earth link. IFB 5component of earth fault current returning via transformer 'B' neutral to earth link. _5open bus-section circuit breaker.
The auxiliary transformer connections to the LVAC switchboard shown in FIG. 6c involve relocating the SBEF CTs close to the transformer neutrals.
Even with both earth fault components IFA and IFB present, the SBEF CT associated with transformer A summates the currents to operate the appropriate relay and in turn correctly disconnects transformer A from the faulty bus bar. At the same time maloperation of transformer B protection is avoided and transformer B continues to supply the healthy busbar and associated sub station LVAC loads. The disadvantage of this connection arrangement is that the SBEF CTs will now register 3rd harmonic or out of balance load cur rents. Relays with harmonic restraint filters can be employed in cases where the harmonic component of the load (such as with discharge lighting) is high.
4. Allowance for Future Extension
It's good engineering practice to formulate a policy for spare capacity on auxiliary LVAC transformers and associated switchgear in keeping with cap ital cost constraints.
This is especially true in developing countries and a typical policy guide might be to allow an overall 25% spare switchboard capacity with 10% equipped spare ways and 15% unequipped spare ways within the switch board physical dimensions.
5. Typical Enquiry Data
The table given below describes the essential characteristics for a substation auxiliary LVAC distribution board. This type of enquiry data sheet should be used in conjunction with a full enquiry specification of requirements which details all general and specific requirements (LVAC supply characteristics, etc.):
Maximum physical dimensions _ widthxdepthxheight (mm) Enclosure IP rating (IEC 60529) Single line diagram drawing number
Unequipped spare ways Equipped spare ways Operating voltage (max) (V) 1 min power frequency voltage (kV rms) System frequency Phases (Hz) Short time current (3 s or 1 s as appropriate) Floor mounting/free standing, etc. (kA) Front access/rear access Busbars and switchboard allowable for future expansion Painting finish (Yes/No) Earth bar (internal, full size, etc.)
Panel indicators Panel anti-condensation heaters Wiring (Yes/No) Standard Control wiring size (mm^2) CT wiring size (mm^2) Ferrule/cable core identification standard Relevant standards AC distribution boards IEC 60439 Molded case circuit breakers
b IEC 60157 Fuses IEC 60269 Contactors IEC 60158 Isolators and switches IEC 62271-102 and IEC 60265 Busbar maximum current rating (A) Terminal details Switchgear typec Manufacturer
Manufacturer's drawings
Metering, alarms, remote indication outputs and protection ne Remote control facilities Auxiliary power supplies
Include method of interlocking (mechanical key interlocks) if applicable for incoming supply with switchgear bus-section circuit breaker.
Recommend P2 category for repeated short circuit capability.
Metal-clad, metal enclosed, withdrawable fuse carriers, circuit pad-lock arrangements, gland plate details, labeling, ACB incomer details, MCCBs, MCBs, fuses, etc.
To be completed by the manufacturer unless nominated supplier required.
To be clearly indicated upon enquiry drawing or detailed circuit by circuit here. Quiescent and operated power consumption should be noted.
6. Earthing Transformer Selection
It's often necessary to derive the substation LVAC supply from the main power transformers. The lowest primary substation distribution voltage level (10 kV, 20 kV, etc.) is also often provided by a delta secondary. Provision of a medium voltage earthing point is necessary in order to limit and better control the medium voltage earth fault level. This earthing point and derivation of a useful LVAC substation auxiliary power source may be provided by using an earthing transformer. Refer to Section 14, Section 14.5.6.
The options available are:
_ interconnected star/star;
_ star/interconnected star;
_ star/delta/interconnected star.
The zero sequence impedance on the MV side must limit the earth fault cur rent to a specific value of typically 1,000 A. The earthing transformer must exhibit low positive and zero sequence impedance on the LV side in order to permit unbalanced loads and minimize voltage regulation difficulties. The relative merits of these different earthing transformer connections are described when fed from the delta-connected secondary of a primary substation power transformer.
1. Interconnected star/star
An interconnected star winding on its own has sufficiently low reactance to provide an MV earthing point in conjunction with a main delta-connected power transformer secondary winding.
Figures 7a and b show the winding connection/flux diagram for an 11/0.415 kV interconnected star/star earthing transformer under MV earth faults and under LV unbalanced load or earth fault conditions respectively. An ampere-turn balance is achieved for the external 11 kV earth fault condition and so the earthing transformer presents a low reactance to such faults. An unbalanced LVAC load or a phase-to-neutral earth fault on the secondary side of the earthing transformer produces no corresponding ampere-turn balance with this vector grouping. Therefore the magnetic circuit to secondary zero sequence currents must pass out of the core, returning via the air/oil interface to the tank sides. In practice, for the usual 3-limb core arrangement, the resulting zero sequence impedance is sufficiently low to allow limited unbalanced loading. However, a transformer design that does not rely on external flux paths for certain loading or fault conditions can be more precisely designed. If a 5-limb or shell type arrangement is used the resulting magnetizing current would be very low and unbalanced loading impossible. Interconnected star/star earthing transformers for substation auxiliary LVAC loads in the range 250_500 kVA are perfectly feasible. However, as the transformer rating increases so does the percentage reactance and load regulation becomes difficult.
2. Star/interconnected star
Figures 8a and b show the winding connection/flux diagram for this vector grouping again under MV earth fault and LV unbalanced loading or earth fault conditions, respectively. For the 11 kV earth fault case the ampere turns in the earthing transformer star winding are not balanced against the delta connected primary substation transformer secondary. The interconnected star earthing transformer secondary winding has no effect in providing balancing ampere-turns for this fault condition. Therefore the earthing transformer presents a high reactance to 11 kV earth faults and is not particularly useful for this substation application. Under LVAC unbalanced load conditions an ampere-turns balance is achieved and the earthing transformer presents a low reactance to out-of-balance secondary loads.
3. Star/delta/interconnected star Refer to Figs. 4.9a and b for the winding connection and flux diagrams for this vector grouping again under MV earth fault and LV unbalanced loading or earth fault conditions, respectively. Under 11 kV earth fault conditions balancing ampere-turns are provided by the circulating current in the earthing transformer delta winding. The earthing transformer therefore provides a low reactance to 11 kV earth faults. An ampere-turns balance is also achieved for the LVAC out-of-balance or earth fault conditions such that the earthing transformer with this vector grouping presents a low reactance. The cost of the additional third delta winding makes this earthing transformer connection less economic than the simple and more common interconnected star/star type. However, the connection offers greater flexibility in the design of satisfactory impedances and as the earthing transformer LVAC load requirement increases this connection offers better regulation than the interconnected star/star arrangement.
TBL. 3 Uninterruptible Power Supply Technical Particulars and Guarantees
Description | Type and Requirement or Manufacturer's Guarantee
Manufacturer Standards Source supply Voltage (rms) (V6) Frequency (Hz6) No. of phases Minimum power factor UPS output Voltage (rms) (V6) Frequency (Hz6) No. of phases Minimum load power Factor Maximum load current (A) Types of output switching devices Indications and controls Remote control or indication requirements Rectifier output current range Float (A) Boost (if applicable) (A) End boost (A) Battery charging time from fully discharged (end) condition to 90% fully charged capacity (h) Battery capacity (rating) (A h) Cell type Cell range/operating Voltage
Float Boost Commission Cell voltage when fully discharged Equipment function Load duty Operation mode Continuously connected without static bypass switch Continuously connected with mechanical bypass switch Continuously connected with static bypass switch Active standby mode with no-break static transfer switch UPS space requirement (L3W3D) (mm) UPS weight (kg) Battery space requirement (if separate) (L3W3D) (mm) Weight of one cell and total battery (filled) Bank (kg and kg) Ventilation requirements Environmental conditions Temperature (minimum, average and maximum) Relative humidity range
Statements about changeover times, transient behavior under changeover and supply side interruptions, undervoltage, overvoltage and voltage spike conditions Continuously conditioned power to load even in event of mains failure. Especially suitable when different input and output voltages and frequencies are required Load is normally supplied from the UPS with an electro mechanical contactor for short break changeover to the alternative supply when required.
Useful if supply is poor quality but not a true no-break system Uninterrupted changeover in the event of a fault or overload condition. Often specified for computer power supplies Useful configuration if mains supply variations are acceptable to the load Rectifier maintains the battery in charged condition and UPS used immediately upon mains failure
7. Uninterruptible Power Supplies
7.1 Introduction
Static uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units producing a secure AC (or DC) output usually consist of an AC to DC rectifier, battery unit and (for an AC output) a DC to AC inverter as shown in FIG. 10. As well as being used to provide supply security, it may also be installed to provide power of controlled quality to sensitive electronic equipment.
7.2 Operation
The rectifier float or boost charges the battery bank. The battery is sized for a given autonomy of supply under mains power failure conditions in the same manner as described in Section 3 above. The autonomy may be specified as typically between 15 minutes and 3 hours under full load conditions.
The inverter produces, from the stored energy contained within the battery, an independent AC supply with very close tolerances. It's usually an isolated supply, and the UPS may be considered and treated as a generator in many respects. For example, it's vital to examine the earthing arrangements, and also safety isolation when working on the system.
The unit may be continuously connected in circuit. This configuration is particularly applicable where different input to output voltages and/or frequencies are required. Alternatively a very fast acting solid state transfer switch (SBS) may be used in conjunction with a voltage-sensing electronic control circuit to connect the unit upon brief mains supply voltage dips, spikes or longer-term interruptions. This ensures that the load supply is maintained with an 'uninterrupted' changeover in the event of a fault or an overload condition. Such systems are usually specified for computer power supplies.
7.3 Particular Requirements
Apart from the autonomy required special consideration must be given in the UPS specifications to the speed of changeover (fraction of a cycle) achievable by the static bypass transfer switch. The various parts of IEC 60146 detail methods for specifying the UPS. The tolerance of the connected load to voltage disturbances must also be matched with those likely to be caused with the UPS in service. In particular, the specifications must cover limitations to harmonic disturbances caused by the solid state rectifier and inverter units, both as regards to the load and also in the supply network ( FIG. 11).
A typical technical data sheet for use at the enquiry stage for UPS systems is detailed in TBL. 3.
Bearing in mind that a major reason for installing a UPS facility is reliability of supply, it's worth mentioning again that the reliability and availability of the UPS unit itself should be carefully investigated. Availability depends, among other things, on time to restore after failure, and that in turn depends upon speed of detection of failure. Choice of test facilities _ local or remote, automatic or manual _ and frequency of test are significant. For AC output units, a manual bypass facility (preferably external), to allow supply continuity during maintenance or repair, is strongly recommended ( FIG. 12). For further treatment of the subject of reliability, see Section 23.
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