text:
We study cosmologies based on low-energy effective string theory with higher-order string corrections to a tree-level action and with a modulus scalar field (dilaton or compactification modulus). In the presence of such corrections it is possible to construct nonsingular cosmological solutions in the context of Pre-Big-Bang and Ekpyrotic universes. We review the construction of nonsingular bouncing solutions and resulting density perturbations in Pre-Big-Bang and Ekpyrotic models. We also discuss the effect of higher-order string corrections on dark energy universe and show several interesting possibilities of the avoidance of future singularities.
Cosmologies from higher-order string corrections] Cosmologies from higher-order string corrections
Shinji Tsujikawa]Shinji Tsujikawa111Corresponding author: e-mail: ,
1 Introduction
String theory has continuously stimulated its application to cosmology in a number of profound ways [1, 2, 3]. It is actually very important to test the viability of string theory by extracting cosmological implications from it. In particular string cosmology has an exciting possibility to resolve the big-bang singularity which plagues in General Relativity.
The Pre-Big-Bang (PBB) model [4, 5] based on the low energy, tree-level string effective action is one of the first attempts to apply string theory to cosmology. In this scenario there exist two disconnected branches, one of which corresponds to the dilaton-driven inflationary stage and another of which is the Friedmann branch with a decreasing curvature. Then string corrections to the effective action can be important around the high-curvature regime where the branch change occurs. Ekpyrotic/Cyclic cosmologies [6, 7, 8] have a similarity to the PBB scenario in the sense that the description in terms of the tree-level effective action breaks down around the collision of two branes in a five dimensional bulk.
When the universe evolves toward the strongly coupled, high-curvature regime with growing dilaton, it is inevitable to implement higher-order string corrections to the tree-level action. Indeed it was found that two branches can be smoothly joined by taking into account the dilatonic higher-order string corrections in the context of PBB [9, 10] and Ekpyrotic [11] scenarios. In the system where a (compactification) modulus field is dynamically important rather than the dilaton, Antoniadis et al. showed that the big-bang singularity can be avoided by including the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) curvature invariant coupled to the modulus [12].
In order to test these string-motivated models from observations, it is important to investigate spectra of density perturbations and to compare them with temperature anisotropies in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). For example, inflationary cosmology generically predicts nearly scale-invariant spectra of density perturbations. This prediction agrees well with the recent observations in CMB anisotropies [13]. While inflationary cosmology is based upon the potential energy of a scalar field with a slow-roll evolution, the kinematic energy of dilaton or modulus field dominates in PBB and Ekpyrotic/Cyclic cosmologies. Hence it is expected that the spectrum of density perturbations in the latter case is different from the prediction in inflationary cosmology. We shall address the problem of density perturbations generated in PBB and Ekpyrotic/Cyclic cosmologies by using nonsingular bouncing solutions obtained by including second-order string corrections. We note that the effect of string corrections can be important in constructing inflation models, see Refs. [14] for such possibilities.
The effect of such string corrections can be also important in the context of dark energy. From recent observations the equation of state (EOS) parameter of dark energy lies in a narrow strip around quite likely being below of this value [15, 16] (see Refs. [17] for reviews of dark energy). The region where the EOS parameter is less than is referred as a phantom (ghost) dark energy universe [18]. The phantom dominated universe ends up with a finite-time future singularity called Big Rip or Cosmic Doomsday [19, 20, 21]. The Big Rip singularity is characterized by divergent behavior of the energy and curvature invariants at Big Rip time. Hence it is natural to account for higher-order curvature corrections in the presence of dark energy [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32]. In fact it is possible to avoid or moderate the Big Rip singularity when such corrections are present [22, 24, 25] and showed that it is possible to avoid or moderate the Big Rip singularity. We shall review cosmological solutions in second-order string gravity in the context of dark energy and consider the avoidance of future singularities.
In what follows the effect of string corrections will be reviewed in two separate sections–(i) PBB/Ekpyrotic cosmologies (sec. 2) and (ii) dark energy universe (sec. 3). It is interesting to note that such corrections can play important roles for both past and future singularities.
2 Pre-Big-Bang and Ekpyrotic cosmologies
The PBB scenario is based upon low-energy, tree-level effective string theory using toroidal compactifications [4, 5]. The string effective action in four dimensions is given by
where is a dilaton field that controls the string coupling parameter, , and is the determinant of metric . We neglect here additional modulus fields corresponding to the size and shape of the internal space of extra dimensions. The potential for the dilaton vanishes in the perturbative string effective action. The Lagrangian corresponds to higher-order string corrections which we will present later, whereas is the Lagrangian of additional matter fields (e.g., fluids, kinetic components, axion etc.). In this section we do not consider the contribution of , but in Sec. 3 we will account for it as a barotropic fluid. The above action is so-called the "string frame" action in which the dilaton is coupled to a scalar curvature, .
The dilaton starts out from a weakly coupled regime () and evolves toward a strongly coupled region (). The Hubble parameter grows during this stage. This "superinflation" is driven by a kinematic energy of the dilaton field, which is so-called a PBB branch. There exists another Friedmann branch with a decreasing curvature. It is possible to connect the two branches by accounting for higher-order string corrections to the tree-level action [9, 10, 33, 34]. This is one of the main topics in this review.
In Ekpyrotic [6, 7] and Cyclic [8] cosmologies the universe contracts before the bounce because of the presence of a negative potential characterizing an attraction force between two parallel branes in an extra-dimensional bulk. The collision of two parallel branes signals the beginning of the hot, expanding, big bang of standard cosmology. After the brane collision the universe connects to a standard Friedmann branch as in the case of PBB cosmology. The origin of large-scale structure is supposed to be generated by quantum fluctuations of a field characterizing the separation of a bulk brane. It is important to construct nonsingular bouncing cosmological solutions in order to make concrete prediction of the power spectrum generated in Ekpyrotic/Cyclic cosmologies. This is actually possible by accounting for higher-order string corrections as in the PBB case [11].
The PBB model has a similarity to Ekpyrotic/Cyclic cosmologies in a sense that the universe exhibits a bounce in "Einstein frame". Making a conformal transformation
the action in Einstein frame is given by
where . Introducing a rescaled field , the action (3) yields
This is the action for an ordinary scalar field with potential . Hence it can be used to describe both the PBB model in Einstein frame, as well as the ekpyrotic scenario [35].
In the original version of the Ekpyrotic scenario [6], the Einstein frame is used where the coupling to the Ricci curvature is fixed, and the field describes the separation of a bulk brane from our four-dimensional orbifold fixed plane. In the case of the second version of the Ekpyrotic scenario [7] and in the cyclic scenario [8], is the modulus field denoting the size of the orbifold (the separation of the two orbifold fixed planes).
The Ekpyrotic scenario is described by a negative exponential potential [6]
with . The branes are initially widely separated but are approaching each other, which means that begins near and is decreasing toward . In the PBB scenario the dilaton starts to evolve from a weakly coupled regime with increasing from . If we want the potential (5) to describe a modified PBB scenario with a dilaton potential which is important when but negligible for , we have to use the relation between the field in the ekpyrotic case and the dilaton in the PBB case.
In the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric in Einstein frame, the background equations with are given by
where a dot represents a derivative with respect to and . Here the subscript "E " denotes the quantities in the Einstein frame. The exponential potential (5) has the following exact solution [36]
The solution for describes the contracting universe prior to the collision of branes. The Ekpyrotic scenario corresponds to a slow contraction with . From Eq. (8) the potential vanishes for , which corresponds to the PBB scenario.
In string frame the scale factor and the cosmic time are related with those in Einstein frame via the relation and . Then we find [11, 35]
This illustrates a super-inflationary solution with growing dilaton. Hence the contraction in Einstein frame corresponds to the superinflation driven by a kinematic energy of the field . We note that there exists another branch of an accelerated contraction () [3], but this is out of our interest.
The above solution needs to be regularized around (or ) in order to connect to the Friedmann branch after the bounce. In the context of PBB cosmology, it was realized that higher-order string corrections (defined in the string frame) to the action induced by inverse string tension and coupling constant corrections can yield a nonsingular background cosmology. A possible set of corrections include terms of the form [9, 10]
where is a string expansion parameter, is a general function of and is the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term. is an additional parameter which depends on the types of string theories: , and 0 correspond to bosonic, heterotic and superstrings, respectively. If we require that the full action agrees with the three-graviton scattering amplitude, the coefficients are fixed to be and with [46].
The corrections are the sum of the tree-level corrections and the quantum -loop corrections (), with the function given by
where () are coefficients of -loop corrections, with . There exist regular cosmological solutions in the presence of tree-level and one-loop corrections, but this is not realistic in the sense that the Hubble rate in Einstein frame continues to increase after the bounce (see Fig. 1 of Ref. [11]). Nonsingular bouncing solutions that connect to a Friedmann branch can be obtained by accounting for the corrections up to two-loop with a negative coefficient ().
It was shown in Ref. [11] that nonsingular bouncing solutions exist in Einstein frame even in the presence of a negative exponential potential. When the potential is vanishingly small for , in which case the dynamics of the system is practically the same as that of the zero potential discussed in Ref. [10]. In this case the dilaton starts out from the low-curvature regime , which is followed by the string phase with linearly growing dilaton and nearly constant Hubble parameter. During the string phase one has [9]
where and . In the Einstein frame this corresponds to a contracting Universe with
On the other hand, we can consider the scenario where the negative Ekpyrotic potential dominates initially but the higher-order correction becomes important when two branes approach sufficiently. By including the correction terms of only for , we have numerically confirmed that it is possible to obtain regular bouncing solutions, see Fig. 1. In this case the background solutions are described by Eq. (8) or (9) before the higher-order correction terms begin to work.
The spectrum of scalar perturbations was studied by a number of authors in the cases of PBB cosmology [38, 39, 40] and Ekpyrotic cosmology [41, 42, 43, 44] (see also Ref. [45]). A perturbed space-time metric has the following form for scalar perturbations in an arbitrary gauge [46]:
where a comma denotes the usual flat space coordinate derivative. The curvature perturbation, , in the comoving gauge is given by [47]
The power spectrum of is defined by , where is a comoving wavenumber. The spectral index of curvature perturbations generated before the bounce is given by [45, 41] (see also Refs. [42, 43, 44]):
We see that a scale-invariant spectrum with is obtained either as in an expanding universe, corresponding to conventional slow-roll inflation, or for during collapse [48, 45]. In the case of the PBB cosmology () one has , which is a highly blue-tilted spectrum. The ekpyrotic scenario corresponds to a slow contraction (), in which case we have .
The spectrum (16) corresponds to the one generated before the bounce. In order to obtain the final power spectrum at sufficient late-times in an expanding branch, we need to connect the contracting branch with the Friedmann (expanding) one. As we mentioned, the two branches are joined each other by including the corrections given in Eq. (11). This then allows the study of the evolution of cosmological perturbations without having to use matching prescriptions. The effects of the higher-order string corrections to the action on the evolution of fluctuations in the PBB cosmology was investigated numerically in [49, 11]. It was found that the final spectrum of fluctuations is highly blue-tilted () and the result obtained is the same as what follows from the analysis using matching conditions between two Einstein Universes [50, 51] joined along a constant scalar field hypersurface.
It was shown in Ref. [11] that the spectrum of curvature perturbations long after the bounce is given as for by numerically solving perturbation equations in a nonsingular background regularized by the correction term (10). In particular comoving curvature perturbations are conserved on cosmologically relevant scales much larger than the Hubble radius around the bounce, which means that the spectrum (16) can be used in an expanding background long after the bounce.
The authors in [7] showed that the spectrum of the gravitational potential , generated before the bounce is nearly scale-invariant for , i.e., . A number of authors argued [41, 42, 43, 44] that this corresponds to the growing mode in the contracting phase but to the decaying mode in the expanding phase. Cartier [52] recently performed detailed numerical analysis using nonsingular perturbation equations and found that in the case of the -regularized bounce both and exhibit the highly blue-tilted spectrum (16) long after the bounce. It was numerically shown that the dominant mode of the gravitational potential is fully converted into the post-bounce decaying mode. Similar conclusions have also been reached in investigations of perturbations in other specific non-singular models [53]. Arguments can given that the comoving curvature perturbation is conserved for adiabatic perturbations on large scales under very general conditions [41, 54].
Nevertheless we have to caution that these studies are based on non-singular four-dimensional bounce models and in the Ekpyrotic/Cyclic model the bounce is only non-singular in a higher-dimensional completion of the model [55]. The ability of the ekpyrotic/cyclic model to produce a scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations after the bounce relies on this higher-dimensional physics being fundamentally different from conventional four-dimensional physics, such that the growing mode of in the contracting phase does not decay after the bounce [56].
3 Dark energy
In the previous section we have discussed the role of higher-order string corrections to the tree-level action in the context of early universe. Recent observations show that the present universe is dominated by dark energy responsible for an accelerated expansion. When the universe is dominated by a phantom matter (), this leads to the growth of the energy and curvature invariants. In such a circumstance higher-order string corrections may be important when the energy scale grows up to a Planck one. We are interested in the effect of such corrections around the Big Rip singularity. In fact the Big Rip singularity can be avoided in the presence of such corrections as we will see in this section. We shall also derive cosmological solutions for an effective string Lagrangian together with a barotropic perfect fluid.
Our starting action is the generalization of (1):
where is a scalar field corresponding either to the dilaton or to another modulus, and is a generic function of the scalar field and the Ricci scalar . , and are functions of . In this section we do not consider the cosmological dynamics in the presence of the field potential . is the Lagrangian of a barotropic perfect fluid with energy density and pressure density . We assume that the barotropic index, , is a constant. In general the fluid can be coupled to the scalar field . The -order quantum corrections are encoded in the term
where are coefficients depending on the string model one is considering. We are most interested in the Gauss-Bonnet parametrization (, and ) discussed in the previous section, but we keep the coefficients general in deriving basic equations.
For a flat FRW background with a scale factor , we obtain the Friedmann equation [49, 25]
where and
Here , , and
In four dimensions (), the coefficients read and , while the term in vanishes. At low energy it was shown that the unique higher-order gravitational Lagrangian giving a theory without ghosts is the Gauss–Bonnet one (, , ). In this case, vanishes identically while . With fixed dilaton coupling () equation (20) reduces to the standard Friedmann equation in four dimensions, in agreement with the fact that the GB term is topological when . In three dimensions (), the GB higher-derivative contribution vanishes identically except for the term.
The continuity equation for the dark energy fluid contains a source term given by the coupling between this fluid and the scalar field . We choose the covariant coupling considered in [57]: , where and is an unknown function which we shall set to a constant later. In synchronous gauge we have
while the equation of motion for the field is
where the Lagrangian of the quantum correction is written as
Equations (20)–(25) are the master equations of the physical system under study. We note that the term can be important even in the absence of curvature corrections in a dilatonic ghost condensate model [59].
The massless dilaton discussed in the previous section corresponds to
The full contribution of -loop corrections is given by Eq. (11). In this work we shall take only the tree-level term (27) into account.
Generally moduli fields appear whenever a submanifold of the target spacetime is compactified with compactification radii described by the expectation values of the moduli themselves. In the case of a single modulus (one common characteristic length) and heterotic string (), the four-dimensional action corresponds to [58]
where is the Dedekind function and is a constant proportional to the 4D trace anomaly. depends on the number of chiral, vector, and spin- massless supermultiplets of the sector of the theory. In general it can be either positive or negative, but it is positive for the theories in which not too many vector bosons are present. Again the scalar field corresponds to a flat direction in the space of nonequivalent vacua and . At large the last equation can be approximated as
which we shall use instead of the exact expression. In fact it was shown in Ref. [60] that this approximation gives results very close to those of the exact case.
3.1 Modulus driven solution
In Ref. [25] cosmological solutions based on the action (18) without a potential () were discussed in details for three cases–(i) fixed scalar field (), (ii) linear dilaton (), and (iii) logarithmic modulus (). In the case (i) we obtain geometrical inflationary solutions only for . In the case (ii) pure de-Sitter solutions exist in string frame, but this corresponds to a contracting universe in Einstein frame. These solutions are not realistic when we apply to dark energy. In what follows we shall focus on cosmological solutions in the case (iii) with a fixed dilaton.
Introducing the following new variables
the equations of motion for the modulus action corresponding to Eqs. (20)-(25) read
While only derivatives of appear in the equations of motion for and (GB case), there are non-vanishing contributions of itself for general coefficients . When , the equations of motion for and read
while the Friedmann equation is
In addition can be set equal to 1 and absorbed in the definition of , so that the coefficient is the only free parameter of the higher-order Lagrangian.
We search for future asymptotic solution of the form
where the barotropic index is constant and
We define , so that in any claim involving the sign of () a positive coefficient is understood. In order to find a solution in the limit , one has to match the exponents of to get algebraic equations in the parameters and .
In Ref. [58, 25] the following four solutions were found. We can obtain a number of analytic solutions depending on the regimes we are in:
A low-curvature regime in which terms are subdominant at late times.
An intermediate regime where some terms in the equations of motion, either coupled to or not, are damped.
A high-curvature regime in which terms dominate.
Below we summarize the properties of each solution.
A low-curvature regime
In this regime the solution is given by
with the constraints
An intermediate regime
In this regime the solution exists only for and is given by
for a non-vanishing fluid. The condition, , is required in order to obtain an expanding solution characterized by . This solution reaches Minkowski spacetime asymptotically. If the fluid decays, then one recovers the solution of Ref. [58] with and .
A high-curvature regime
In this regime the solution is given by
together with constraint equations
(46) (47)
In the GB case () the solution corresponding to a decaying fluid () is
which contradicts the condition (45) in any dimension. Hence in the GB scenario with only the marginal case is allowed.
An exact solution
An exact solution which is valid at all times is
together with the constraints on :
(50) (51)
and Eq. (43).
The low-curvature solution (42) and the Minkowski solution (44) can be joined each other if the coupling constant given in Eq. (28) is negative [58, 61]. The exact solution (49) is found to be unstable in numerical simulations of Ref. [25]. In the asymptotic future the solutions tend to approach the low-curvature one given by Eq. (42) rather than the others, irrespective of the sign of the modulus-to-curvature coupling .
3.2 Constraints from the recent universe
We compare the observational constraints on for the recent evolution of the universe with the modulus solutions found in the previous section (). The situation we study is the case in which a perfect fluid is vanishing asymptotically. The results are summarized in Table 3.2 at the 68% confidence level. We also address the cases in the presence of a cosmological constant . Note that the solution (44) in an intermediate regime is discarded.
|Low curvature
|High curvature,
|High curvature, ,
|High curvature, ,
The logarithmic modulus solution with the GB parametrization and no extra fluid does not provide a viable cosmological evolution in the current universe. In the next subsection, however, we will see that the GB case in the presence of dark energy fluid may exhibit interesting features for the future evolution of the universe. The low redshift constraint on for the high curvature solution () can be relaxed up to at the 99% confidence level. Hence we have shown that there are models which can in principle explain the current acceleration without using the dark energy fluid.
The situation becomes more complicated in the presence of a barotropic fluid. The low-curvature solution can describe the very recent universe if is negative and non-vanishing. The other cases crucially depend upon the interplay between all the theoretical parameters.
3.3 Dark energy universe with modulus gravity
In the universe dominated by a phantom fluid (), the energy density of the universe continues to grow and the Hubble rate eventually exhibits a divergence at finite time (Big Rip). Then the effect of higher-order curvature corrections can become important when the energy density grows up to the Planck scale. In fact it was shown that quantum curvature corrections coming from conformal anomaly can moderate the future singularities [63, 22].
We would like to consider the effect of quantum corrections when the curvature of the universe increases in the presence of a phantom fluid. We shall concentrate on the modulus case with given by Eq. (29). Our main interest is the cosmological evolution in four dimensions () in the presence of a GB term. The dilaton is assumed to be fixed, so that there are no long-range forces to take into account except gravity.
From the discussion in subsection 3.1, the growth of the barotropic fluid is weaker than that of the Hubble rate when the condition
is satisfied. This condition is not achieved for a phantom fluid when the coupling between the fluid and the field is absent ().
In Ref. [25] the equations of motion were solved numerically by varying initial conditions of , and . When , we numerically found that the solutions approach a Big Rip singularity for and (see Fig. 2). The condition (43) can be satisfied for negative provided that is positive. In Fig. 2 we plot the evolution of and for and . In this case decreases faster than , which means that the energy density of the fluid eventually becomes negligible relative to that of the modulus. Hence the universe approaches the low-curvature solution given by Eq. (42) at late times, thereby showing the avoidance of Big Rip singularity even for . By substituting the asymptotic values and in equation (43), the condition for decaying fluid reads . We checked that the Big Rip singularity can be avoided in a wide range of the parameter space for negative . These results do not change even for smaller values of such as (corresponding to ).
When is positive, the condition (43) is not satisfied for . However numerical calculations show that becomes negative even if initially. We found that the system approaches the low-energy regime characterized by and . Since , the Big Rip singularity can be avoided even for positive . In fact we numerically checked that the Hubble rate continues to decrease provided that the condition (43) is satisfied in the asymptotic regime.
When , there is another interesting situation in which the Hubble rate decreases in spite of the increase of the energy density of the fluid. This corresponds to the solution in the high-curvature regime in which the growing energy density can balance with the GB term ( in the Friedmann equation). In this case the Big Rip does not appear even when and . Thus the GB corrections provide us several interesting possibilities to avoid the Big Rip singularity.
3.4 Other corrections
We should mention several attempts to apply curvature corrections to dark energy. Nojiri et al. [23] studied the case of the tree-level dilatonic-type coupling (27) in the presence of an exponential potential and showed that the scalar-Gauss-Bonnet coupling acts against the occurrence of the Big Rip singularity. In Ref. [24] the evolution of phantom dark energy universe was studied with fixed dilaton and modulus by taking into account string corrections up to the 4-th order. It was found that the universe reaches a Big Crunch singularity instead of a Big Rip one for type II strings, while the Big Rip singularity is not avoided for heterotic and bosonic strings.
Apart from string corrections, a number of authors [62, 63, 22, 64, 65] studied the effect of quantum backreactions of conformal matter around several singularities which can appear in future. They usually contain second-order curvature corrections such as the Gauss-Bonnet term and the square of a Weyl tensor. In Ref. [22] it was shown that quantum corrections coming from conformal anomaly can be important when the curvature of the universe grows large, which typically moderates future singularities. Finally we note that loop quantum cosmology leads to a modified Friedmann equation when the energy scale grows to a Planck one, which typically gives us a regular cosmological evolution without future singularities [66].
4 Conclusions
In this article we have discussed cosmological implications of higher-order string corrections to the tree-level effective action. In the context of Pre-Big-Bang (PBB) and Ekpyrotic cosmologies regular bouncing solutions can be constructed by including such corrections. This allows us to evaluate the spectrum of density perturbations long after the bounce. For the correction terms given by Eq. (11) we found that the spectra of scalar perturbations are highly blue-tilted: in the PBB case and in the Ekpyrotic case. This is different from the nearly scale-invariant spectrum () observed in CMB anisotropies. As long as nonsingular bouncing solutions are constructed by using the correction terms presented in this paper, we need another scalar field (e.g., curvaton [67]) to generate nearly scale-invariant density perturbations.
We also applied second-order string corrections to dark energy. In particular we reviewed several cosmological solutions in the presence of modulus-type corrections with a fixed dilaton. In the asymptotic future the solutions tend to approach the low-curvature one given by equation (42) rather than the others, irrespective of the sign of the modulus-to-curvature coupling . We placed constraints on the viability of modulus-driven solutions using the current observational data. The Gauss-Bonnet parametrization is excluded in any of the above mentioned regimes when a barotropic fluid is vanishing; see table 3.2. In the presence of a phantom dark energy fluid we discussed the effect of the modulus coupling with Gauss-Bonnet curvature invariants. It is possible to consider a situation in which the energy density of the fluid decays when the coupling between the field and the phantom fluid () is present. We showed that the Big Rip singularity can be avoided for the coupling which satisfies the condition asymptotically. This is actually achieved irrespective of the sign of and the asymptotic solutions are described by the low-curvature one given by Eq. (42). We also briefly mentioned the effect of other forms of higher-order string corrections to future singularities.
Thus we showed that string corrections can be important in a number of cosmological situations. We hope that the development of string theory will further provide us rich and fruitful implications to cosmology.
The author thanks the organizers of "Pomeranian Workshop in Fundamental Cosmology", especially Mariusz Dabrowski, for supporting visit to the wonderful workshop. It is also a pleasure to thank my collaborators for fruitful discussions. This work is supported by JSPS (Grant No. 30318802).
- [1] J. E. Lidsey, D. Wands and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rept. 337, 343 (2000).
- [2] M. P. Dabrowski, Annalen Phys. 10 (2001) 195.
- [3] M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, Phys. Rept. 373, 1 (2003).
- [4] G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B 265, 287 (1991); K. A. Meissner and G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B 267, 33 (1991).
- [5] M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, Astropart. Phys. 1 (1993) 317.
- [6] J. Khoury, B. A. Ovrut, P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, Phys. Rev. D 64, 123522 (2001).
- [7] J. Khoury, B. A. Ovrut, P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, Phys. Rev. D 66, 046005 (2002).
- [8] P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok, Science 296, 1436 (2002); Phys. Rev. D 65, 126003 (2002).
- [9] M. Gasperini, M. Maggiore and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B 494, 315 (1997).
- [10] R. Brustein and R. Madden, Phys. Rev. D 57, 712 (1998).
- [11] S. Tsujikawa, R. Brandenberger and F. Finelli, Phys. Rev. D 66, 083513 (2002).
- [12] I. Antoniadis, J. Rizos and K. Tamvakis, Nucl. Phys. B 415, 497 (1994).
- [13] D. N. Spergel et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148, 175 (2003).
- [14] A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Lett. B 91, 99 (1980); M. C. Bento and O. Bertolami, Phys. Lett. B 228, 348 (1989); Class. Quant. Grav. 17, 4855 (2000); S. W. Hawking, T. Hertog and H. S. Reall, Phys. Rev. D 63, 083504 (2001); K. i. Maeda and N. Ohta, Phys. Lett. B 597, 400 (2004); Phys. Rev. D 71, 063520 (2005); K. Akune, K. i. Maeda and N. Ohta, Phys. Rev. D 73, 103506 (2006).
- [15] A. G. Riess et al. [Supernova Search Team Collaboration], Astron. J. 116, 1009 (1998); S. Perlmutter et al., Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999); A. G. Riess et al., Astrophys. J. 607, 665 (2004).
- [16] U. Alam, V. Sahni, T. D. Saini and A. A. Starobinsky, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 354, 275 (2004); P. S. Corasaniti, M. Kunz, D. Parkinson, E. J. Copeland and B. A. Bassett, Phys. Rev. D 70, 083006 (2004).
- [17] V. Sahni and A. A. Starobinsky, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 9, 373 (2000); V. Sahni, Lect. Notes Phys. 653, 141 (2004); S. M. Carroll, Living Rev. Rel. 4, 1 (2001); T. Padmanabhan, Phys. Rept. 380, 235 (2003); P. J. E. Peebles and B. Ratra, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 559 (2003); E. J. Copeland, M. Sami and S. Tsujikawa, arXiv:hep-th/0603057.
- [18] R. R. Caldwell, Phys. Lett. B 545, 23 (2002).
- [19] R. R. Caldwell, M. Kamionkowski and N. N. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 071301 (2003).
- [20] S. M. Carroll, M. Hoffman and M. Trodden, Phys. Rev. D 68, 023509 (2003).
- [21] P. Singh, M. Sami and N. Dadhich, Phys. Rev. D 68, 023522 (2003).
- [22] S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D 71, 063004 (2005).
- [23] S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and M. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D 71, 123509 (2005).
- [24] M. Sami, A. Toporensky, P. V. Tretjakov and S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Lett. B 619, 193 (2005).
- [25] G. Calcagni, S. Tsujikawa and M. Sami, Class. Quant. Grav. 22, 3977 (2005).
- [26] L. Amendola, C. Charmousis and S. C. Davis, arXiv:hep-th/0506137.
- [27] B. M. N. Carter and I. P. Neupane, arXiv:hep-th/0510109; arXiv:hep-th/0512262; I. P. Neupane, arXiv:hep-th/0602097.
- [28] G. Cognola, E. Elizalde, S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and S. Zerbini, Phys. Rev. D 73, 084007 (2006).
- [29] G. Calcagni, B. de Carlos and A. De Felice, arXiv:hep-th/0604201.
- [30] I. Y. Aref'eva and A. S. Koshelev, arXiv:hep-th/0605085.
- [31] S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and M. Sami, arXiv:hep-th/0605039.
- [32] T. Koivisto and D. F. Mota, arXiv:astro-ph/0606078.
- [33] S. Foffa, M. Maggiore and R. Sturani, Nucl. Phys. B 552, 395 (1999).
- [34] C. Cartier, E. J. Copeland and R. Madden, JHEP 0001, 035 (2000).
- [35] R. Durrer and F. Vernizzi, Phys. Rev. D 66, 083503 (2002).
- [36] F. Lucchin and S. Matarrese, Phys. Rev. D 32, 1316 (1985).
- [37] R. R. Metsaev and A. A. Tseytlin, Nucl. Phys. B 293, 385 (1987).
- [38] R. Brustein, M. Gasperini, M. Giovannini, V. F. Mukhanov and G. Veneziano, Phys. Rev. D 51, 6744 (1995).
- [39] E. J. Copeland, R. Easther and D. Wands, Phys. Rev. D 56, 874 (1997).
- [40] J. c. Hwang, Astropart. Phys. 8, 201 (1998).
- [41] D. H. Lyth, Phys. Lett. B 524, 1 (2002); Phys. Lett. B 526, 173 (2002).
- [42] R. Brandenberger and F. Finelli, JHEP 0111, 056 (2001).
- [43] J. c. Hwang, Phys. Rev. D 65, 063514 (2002).
- [44] S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Lett. B 526, 179 (2002).
- [45] D. Wands, Phys. Rev. D 60, 023507 (1999).
- [46] H. Kodama and M. Sasaki, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 78, 1 (1984); V. F. Mukhanov, H. A. Feldman and R. H. Brandenberger, Phys. Rept. 215, 203 (1992); B. A. Bassett, S. Tsujikawa and D. Wands, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 537 (2006).
- [47] D. H. Lyth, Phys. Rev. D 31, 1792 (1985).
- [48] A. A. Starobinsky, JETP Lett. 30 (1979) 682 [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 30 (1979) 719].
- [49] C. Cartier, J. c. Hwang and E. J. Copeland, Phys. Rev. D 64, 103504 (2001).
- [50] R. Brustein, M. Gasperini, M. Giovannini, V. F. Mukhanov and G. Veneziano, Phys. Rev. D 51, 6744 (1995).
- [51] N. Deruelle and V. F. Mukhanov, Phys. Rev. D 52, 5549 (1995).
- [52] C. Cartier, arXiv:hep-th/0401036.
- [53] M. Gasperini, M. Giovannini and G. Veneziano, Phys. Lett. B 569, 113 (2003); M. Gasperini, M. Giovannini and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B 694, 206 (2004); L. E. Allen and D. Wands, Phys. Rev. D 70, 063515 (2004); T. J. Battefeld and G. Geshnizjani, Phys. Rev. D 73, 064013 (2006); V. Bozza and G. Veneziano, JCAP 0509, 007 (2005); V. Bozza, JCAP 0602, 009 (2006); M. Giovannini, Phys. Rev. D 73, 083505 (2006).
- [54] P. Creminelli, A. Nicolis and M. Zaldarriaga, Phys. Rev. D 71, 063505 (2005).
- [55] A. J. Tolley and N. Turok, Phys. Rev. D 66, 106005 (2002).
- [56] A. J. Tolley, N. Turok and P. J. Steinhardt, Phys. Rev. D 69, 106005 (2004).
- [57] L. Amendola, Phys. Rev. D 60, 043501 (1999); Phys. Rev. D 62, 043511 (2000); B. Gumjudpai, T. Naskar, M. Sami and S. Tsujikawa, JCAP 0506, 007 (2005); L. Amendola, M. Quartin, S. Tsujikawa and I. Waga, Phys. Rev. D 74, 023525 (2006).
- [58] I. Antoniadis, J. Rizos and K. Tamvakis, Nucl. Phys. B 415, 497 (1994).
- [59] F. Piazza and S. Tsujikawa, JCAP 0407, 004 (2004).
- [60] H. Yajima, K. i. Maeda and H. Ohkubo, Phys. Rev. D 62, 024020 (2000); A. Toporensky and S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D 65, 123509 (2002).
- [61] P. Kanti, J. Rizos and K. Tamvakis, Phys. Rev. D 59, 083512 (1999).
- [62] E. Elizalde, S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Phys. Rev. D 70, 043539 (2004).
- [63] S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Phys. Lett. B 595, 1 (2004); Phys. Rev. D 70, 103522 (2004).
- [64] S. K. Srivastava, arXiv:hep-th/0411221.
- [65] P. Tretyakov, A. Toporensky, Y. Shtanov and V. Sahni, Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 3259 (2006).
- [66] M. Sami, P. Singh and S. Tsujikawa, arXiv:gr-qc/0605113, Physical Review D to appear.
- [67] D. H. Lyth and D. Wands, Phys. Lett. B 524, 5 (2002); K. Enqvist and M. S. Sloth, Nucl. Phys. B 626, 395 (2002); T. Moroi and T. Takahashi, Phys. Lett. B 522, 215 (2001) [Erratum-ibid. B 539, 303 (2002)].


text:
Easy Crepe Recipe
Crepe is a great and very easy recipe, you can make it with only five ingredients in 20 minutes.
Here is a quick and easy crepe batter that tastes fantastic. Everyone already has the ingredients needed to make a simple but delicious crepe in the home.
How To Make the Best Crepe Recipe
Ingredient for Crepe Recipe
- a cup of all-purpose
- 2 eggs
- 1/2 cup milk
- Salt and water at a ratio of 1:2
- 2 teaspoons of melted butter
Instructions for Crepe Recipe
Step 1 Combine the flour and eggs in a sizable mixing bowl. Add the milk and water gradually while stirring the mixture. Beat till smooth after adding the swab and adulation.
Step 2 Set a frying pan or smooth greased griddle over medium-high heat. Use about a quarter of a mug of batter for each waffle when you pour or ladle it onto the griddle. With a gentle swirl, tilt the face so that the batter covers it unevenly.
Step 3 Toast the waffle in the toaster for about two seconds, or until the bottom is lightly browned. With a spatula, loosen, then flip and cook the other side. Serve warm.
Serve it and Enjoy!!
PLEASE JOIN OUR BACKUP GROUP FOR MORE GREAT RECIPES -> Easy Recipes, Remember to save this recipe on Pinterest for later.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hillside Select
€554.96 €603.22
Save 8% Save %Login to benefit from discounted prices
€554.96 - €603.22
Current price €603.22
Original price €603.22 - Original price €603.22
Original price €603.22
Product Details
Product Type Red
Brand Shafer
Size 75cl
Country United States Of America
Vintage 2007
Aromas and flavours of black fruit, mocha, black plums, cassis, juicy black and red cherry, black tea, cedar, with spice and warm toast. Still youthful. Ripe, smooth and an elegant structure.


text:
If something seems wrong, let Cytech Heating & Cooling L.C.'s heat pump whizzes find out for sure during heat pump repair in Edinburg. We spot and correct all kinds of issues, making your home comfortable again faster than ever.
If you use a heat pump for it, our technicians can do it all. They're dedicated to incomparable quality service you can rely on to get things done right.
It's hard for your heat pump to relax, as it works around the clock to make your home cozy. Routine maintenance can greatly strengthen its overall condition.
You'll also avoid extra repair calls this way, as well as produce extra energy efficiency for your HVAC system. Our annual maintenance plans discuss this, so let's chat while we're there.
And if the system is completely broken, we excel at heat pump installation too. Don't fret about which style you should pick, because we can review the options to help you. You'll know exactly which model is best for your home and budget.
For important or steady heat pump service, tell the professionals at Cytech Heating & Cooling L.C.. You can reach us at 956-630-3522 or by contacting us through our site.


text:
If you're looking for indie, arthouse, horror or offbeat holiday films to indulge in this season, we've got you covered. Between Kanopy and our DVD collection, even the biggest film buffs can find gems worth binging.
Gayle Hart is the VP of Marketing for the Greater Jacksonville Agricultural Fair. She joins us on this week's episode of Completely Booked to chat about the wonderful things her team does for the community and how she first became involved with the fair.
In January, well-known Jacksonville authors Rodney Hurst and Brenda Jackson will share insights and tips to get you motivated to write! In February, author Nikesha Williams will explain how to market your book. It's all to prepare for our upcoming Jax Book Fest in February 2020 with more than 80 authors.


text:
No fines for overdue kids' books at city libraries
In an effort to get more kids to read and to reduce the burden of fines on poor families, the Rochester Public Library will eliminate fines for overdue children's and young adult books.
The pilot program runs through June 30, 2017, Mayor Lovely A. Warren announced Wednesday.
"We want all of our children to be able to make full use of our libraries, and overdue fines can be an undue burden on our families,"according to a statement from Warren.
The program applies to City of Rochester library books for young readers. Fines still will be assessed for lost or damaged books.
► Raising money for new era at Rochester's Central Library
► Central Library fundraising campaign now in public phase
► Rochester library renamed for Frederick Douglass
Waiving the fines is part of Warren's 3 to 3 Initiative. According to the news release announcing the program, data show that children who are reading at grade level by the end of third grade have a better chance at graduating high school. A study of other libraries across the country who have eliminated fines show an increased use of the library by children.
"With this step, we can help each of our children develop a love of reading early in life, a critical step in our efforts to create more jobs, safer and more vibrant neighborhoods and better educational opportunities for our citizens," according to Warren's statement.


text:
Intuitive and Intelligent Features Perfect For Business Professionals
As a business professional, you're aware of how important technology is in the workplace. Failure to utilize the most recent technology can make or break a business deal and prevent you from expanding your brand to new customers. The release of Windows 10 had corporate infrastructure in mind with some of the new features that were implemented into the operating system's framework. Located below are a list of features that you will want to incorporate into your professional de


text:
What are the sofa chair brands? These brands are worth recommending
With the development of the times, more and more young people are pursuing higher quality of life and more comfortable learning and working environment. Therefore, the sofa chairs with simple lines, transparent or jumping are increasingly favored by young people. In the busy urban life, the sofa chair not only brings unlimited comfort and fashion enjoyment, but also allows people to maintain a comfortable state for a long time and reduce the fatigue of the human body.
There are many sofa and chairs on the market. Even if you do not choose a big brand, you must choose a brand with good reputation and quality. The advantage of choosing a brand is that it can give us an additional guarantee, and they are more professional and can provide us with more professional products and services.品牌网对沙发椅品牌进行了收集,为消费者提供一些参考,沙发椅不错的品牌有:QUANU全友家居、IKEA宜家、KuKa顾家家居、林氏木业、左右沙发、午憩宝、LUCKYSAC、 Farrell, Morrisofa, Lazboy Lebao and so on.
The following will introduce these sofa and chair brands in detail:
1. Quanu Quanyou Home Furnishing
Quanyoujia Private Co., Ltd. has realized the integration management of full value chain informatization from product R & D design, procurement, manufacturing, logistics, and sales to the after -sales service of customers, so as to integrate the industrial upstream, middle and downstream resources, and provide customers with outstanding Product and service value.
IKEA's product is exquisite, practical, and low in price. It provides a variety of types of household supplies, which can be available in 42 countries. business.
3. KUKA Gujia Home
Gujiajia's specialty is engaged in the research, development, production and sales of living room and bedroom furniture products. Hundreds of new models are released on the world every year, providing high -quality products and services to tens of millions of families around the world.
Fourth, Lin's wood industry
Lin's wood industry is a brand of furniture brand in design, production, sales, installation and after -sales. It mainly produces and sells various styles of modern, rural, neo -classical, European -style, rattan, Chinese and other styles.
Five, left and right sofa
Shenzhen Zongzheng Family Private Co., Ltd. is a large enterprise integrating software furniture design, development, production and sales, and after -sales service. The sofa products of "left and right home private" with different styles have their own strong "internal skills". The exhibition evaluations in many foreign countries have won major awards, and the awards they have won are more than the number of participants.
Six, noon Restao
The main products of Wu Rongbao are lounge chairs, beach lounge chairs, folding beds, folding chairs, nursing beds, marching beds, lazy sofa, beach beds, rocking chairs, lunch break chairs, lunch breaks, single -player folding beds, etc. Get a good guarantee, so it is accepted by customers.
7. Luckysac
Hangzhou Shangdu Home Furnishing Co., Ltd. is a factory specializing in the production of home textiles such as lazy sofas, bean bag sofas, sponge sofa, sofa cover, mattress cover and other household textiles. Their products can allow you to spend the least time and make the minimum strength to have the same strength to have the same strength to have the same strength. Exquisite life.
8. Farrell
Farrel sofa is a modern enterprise specializing in R & D, production, and sales of high -end sofas. It focuses on providing comfortable, safe, environmentally friendly, and humanized living room furniture and professional living room layout solutions for global families.
Nine, Murong sofa Morrisofa
The smart sofa series carefully developed by Morrisofa Morrisofa is more integrated, entertaining, entertainment, and health. It is hoped that it will give consumers a more practical and comfortable living experience, so that the wisdom and comfort of life can be available.
Ten, lazboy Le Zhibao
Lazboy Lebao is a world -renowned functional sofa manufacturer and supplier. It is committed to high -tech companies that are dedicated to the R & D, design, production, and sales of the series sofas. They are committed to bringing excellent functional sofas products to Chinese consumers.
I will introduce the sofa chair brand here. If you need to learn more about the sofa chair, you can leave a message to contact us. We will answer the first time.
The above is the introduction and description of high back sofa chair, I hope it can be helpful to you.


text:
Keblar Solutions is a state-of-the-art technology company. We use the latest technology in the market to offer technological solutions tailored to the needs of each client.
We have a wide range of cloud technology solutions in sectors of activity as diverse as health, ticketing or sports.
Need Python & Django Developer, fullstak better as we need to work both backend and frontend.
Remote work, but need to have EU passport and live in Catalonia, as once every 15 days we meet and share in a lunch in Barcelona city.
Position:EmployeeWork Schedule:Full-timeRemote:NoRelocation:NoSalary:42000€
Position is expired. Thanks for your interest.
2012-2022 © Djangojobs.Net. ALL Rights Reserved. Frequently Asked Questions | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy
Django is a registered trademark of the Django Software Foundation |
DjangoJobs is not associated with the Django Software Foundation
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.


text:
After installing Windows 11 or any other operating system on VMware Workstation. To use full'screen mode, you must first install a small program called VMware tools. VMware tools enable you to enable all of Windows 11's or any other operating system's features on VMware Workstation. That is exactly what we intend to do. As a result, watch the video and subscribe to the channel.In this Guide we will show you How to Make Windows 11 Full Screen on VMware with Ease ways.
By default, when a guest operating system (OS) is installed onVMwar In windowed mode, the interface of the guest OS is displayed. Furthermore, the size of the window is frequently insufficient, and increasing the size of the window has no effect on the resolution of the guest OS user interface. Working in a guest OS with a low resolution is inconvenient in most cases. Don't be concerned; you can increase the screen resolution of the guest OS user interface and run it in full-screen mode.
Furthermore, if security is a concern, running Windows 11 as a virtual machine (VM) on VMware is a wise choice. You can disable the internet connection or create a virtual network adapter for a VM in Host'Only mode to enable network communication only between the host and guest systems and prevent the Windows 10 guest from connecting to other networks, including the internet. As you may recall, VMware is installed on both the host operating system, which runs on a physical machine, and the guest operating system, which runs on a virtual machine.
How to Make Windows 11 Full Screen on VMware
VMware Tools must be installed in order to create and use Windows 11 in full-screen resolution on VMware. Let's start with some information about VMware Tools.
VMware Tools is a collection of utilities that improves the performance and management of the virtual machine's guest operating system. When VMware Tools are not installed in the guest operating system, guest performance suffers. Installing VMware Tools resolves or improves these issues:
- Video resolution is low.
- Insufficient color dept
- Network speed is incorrectly shown
- Mouse movement is restricted.
- Copying, pasting, and dragging and dropping files are not possible.
- There is no sound.
- Allows you to take silent screenshots of the guest operating system.
- The time in the guest operating system is synchronized with the time on the host.
Here are the steps to make Windows 11 full-screen on VMware in Windows 11:
Step 1. First Power on the Windows 11 virtual machine, select VM, and then choose Install VMware Tools.
Step 2. Then, go to the File Explorer or This PC and double-click on DVD Drive (D:) VMware Tools. If you're prompted, click Yes.
Step 3. Here, Click Next.
Step 4. Then Click Next.
Step 5. Now, click Install.
Step 6. When the installation is completed, click Finish.
Step 7. Click Yes to restart your system for the configuration changes made to VMware Tools to take effect.
After restarting your computer, Windows 11 will launch in full'screen mode, as shown in the screenshot below.
This is how to make Windows 11 run in full-screen mode on VMware in Windows 10. Using a virtual machine in full'screen mode is convenient and allows you to take advantage of the advantages of hardware virtualization. This feature allows you to use the guest OS on the VM in the same way you would on a host computer, allowing you to run high'resolution apps, have a large workspace, and so on.
Read More:
How to install Windows 11 Home without a Microsoft account
How to Make Windows 11 Taskbar Rounded
Change display resolution Windows11


text:
Nine newcomers pull papers for April election
This April, Swampscott voters will see more than a few newcomers on the spring ballot. Nine new candidates have pulled papers to run in the election.
The two incumbent selectmen up for re-election this year — David Van Dam and Chairman Rich Malagrifa — have announced they will not seek another term, leaving two vacant seats on the Board of Selectmen. Five new candidates have come forward and taken out nomination papers: John Callahan, Patryk Januszewski, Paul Moran, Charles Patsios and Matthew Strauss.
Callahan, who has lived on Greenwood Terrace since 1990, is a Town Meeting member and also serves as the registrar of the Swampscott Youth Soccer Association. Callahan explained that his decision to run came after a discussion with current Selectman Barry Greenfield several months ago, he said.
"He suggested that I get more involved in town politics and so that's how the idea started," Callahan said in a recent phone interview. "Originally, I was looking [to run for a lower position], but when I saw both selectmen weren't returning, I really decided this would be the right position for me."
Callahan added that since all the current selectmen hail from precinct 5, his area of town isn't being adequately represented on the board.
"I think there's a need to broaden the representation from other parts of town," he said. "I think that's been lacking. The other thing is that there are some big decisions coming ahead for the town, so I certainly want to be involved in making those decisions and making sure my voice is heard. I'm hoping to look out for how those decisions will impact the town."
Another newcomer hoping to nab one of the open seats is Pine Street resident Patryk Januszewski. Januszewski agreed there needs to be more representatives of other precincts in town on the Board of Selectmen.
"I'm running to represent precinct 3," Januszewski said in a recent phone interview. "I've heard that financially, the town is not in the best condition that it could be. I'm really looking to support my area of the town and just represent my precinct as we make financial decisions."
If he's voted in come April, this would serve as Januszewski's first elected position in the town of Swampscott. He explained that he's lived in town for approximately four years.
Also looking to gain a term as Board of Selectmen this April is Paul Moran, who was a varsity basketball coach in Swampscott for many years. He lives on Oakledge Road. Moran could not be reached for comment prior to press time.
Town Meeting member Charlie Patsios said the reason behind his run is simple.
"I'm all about fiscal responsibility and accountability," Patsios said in a recent phone interview. "I'm about keeping the town in a competitive nature. Everybody wants the nice things on the outside, but they don't understand what it takes and what the real costs and benefits are…there's a time when you need to be accountable for your actions and in my opinion, this town has not been accountable. And that's why I'm running for selectman. It's a heartfelt reason. That's what I want to do."
Patsios, who works as a compliance officer, also has a passion or investing in commercial real estate, he said. Patsios lives on Atlantic Avenue.
Not quite a newcomer, but looking to gain another term after taking a brief hiatus is former Selectman Matthew Strauss. A Duke Road resident and a Town Meeting member for more approximately 10 years, Strauss explained that he'd always hoped to serve another term on the board.
"I ran for re-election last year because I didn't feel that I was finished," Strauss said in a recent phone interview. "I thoroughly enjoyed my first term."
Strauss added that he feels if elected, his leadership skills could be an asset on the board.
"I'm running for selectman again to bring leadership and vision to the board," Strauss said. "I think that the town needs some type of formal tax policy, especially for new projects, that blends three basic things: the urgency of that need, the ability to afford it and the impact on our quality of life in Swampscott."
School Committee
Looking to the School Committee, incumbents Jaren Landen and Chairman Larry Beaupre are both up for re-election, but only Landen intends to run for her seat again. Hoping to nab the open position are two newcomers: Amy O'Connor and Carin Marshall. O'Connor and Marshall could not be reached for comment prior to press time.
Joseph Young is another newcomer this year. Young has taken out papers for a five-year term on the Planning Board. Incumbent Sylvia Belkin recently told the Swampscott Reporter she does not plan to run for another term.
"Like so many others who give their time to the community, I also have a family and I have a busy real estate practice, so I have to prioritize my time," Belkin said via email. "In my view, creating a local Historic District in Swampscott needs to be my number one priority outside of my personal life and my work. That is why I have decided not to run for another term on the Planning Board."
Belkin added that she believes her volunteer time and efforts can be "best spent" in that capacity.
While the majority of the ballot will feature new names, there are still a few incumbents who plan to run for re-election.
Moderator Joseph Markarian intends to run for another one-year term; Neil Sheehan will seek another three-year term on the Board of Assessors; Marianne McDermott has pulled papers for another three-year term as Trustee of the Public Library; Lawrence Block will run again for a three-year term on the Board of Health; Richard Callahan will seek another five-year term on the Housing Authority; and both Paul Minsky and Stephen Simmons will run for their Constable seats once again. But newcomer Chris DiPietro, a Swampscott firefighter, is hoping to nab the open Constable seat that Robert Donnelly left when he moved out of district.
As the race shapes up, the Swampscott Reporter will take a more in depth look at each of the candidates, and where they stand on specific issues in town.
Meet the candidates
As of Wednesday, Feb. 27, the following candidates had taken out or returned nomination papers:
Board of Selectmen (two seats for three-year terms)
Matthew Strauss (newcomer)
Patryk Januszewski (newcomer)
Paul Moran (newcomer)
John Callahan (newcomer)
Chales Patsios (newcomer)
Board of Assessors (one seat for three-year term)
Neil Sheehan (incumbent)
School Committee (two seats for three-year terms)
Jaren Landen (incumbent)
Amy O'Connor (newcomer)
Caris Marshall (newcomer)
Trustee of the Public Library (one seat for three-year term)
Marianne McDermott (incumbent)
Board of Health (one seat for three-year term)
Lawrence Block (incumbent)
Planning Board (one seat for five-year term)
Joseph Young (newcomer)
Housing Authority (one seat for five-year term)
Richard Callahan (incumbent)
Constable (three seats for three-year terms)
Paul Minsky (incumbent)
Stephen Simmons (incumbent)
Chris DiPietro (newcomer)
Moderator (one seat for one-year term)
Joseph Markarian Jr. (incumbent)


text:
Irish Water Making Progress With The Whitegate Regional Water Supply
Last updated on
Irish Water say they are making progress putting short- and medium-term solutions in place for the Whitegate Regional Water Supply.
There is currently a Boil Water Notice in place.
They say they are working to lift the Notice as quickly and safely as possible, but that this may take a number of weeks.
Major upgrades of the water treatment plant are needed to find a long-term solution.
A new treatment plant is planned, which will include new clarification, filtration and disinfection systems.
Irish Water anticipates that construction could begin in 2024, depending on the planning process.
For now, the Boil Water Notice remains in place until further notice.


text:
Sportsman and Sportswoman of the Year
The last act of the 52nd QubicaAMF Bowling World Cup was to honor the Sportsman and Sportswoman of the tournament
This is an award which is voted for by the players themselves and those who are chosen are rightly proud.
This year the awards went to Mohammad al-Masri of Jordan and Lauriane Célié of France. The awards were presented by the new champions, Wang to Lauriane and Jenny to Mohammad. For Lauriane, it was her first appearance at the World Cup, but Mohammad was with us for the seventh time.
The awards are named in memory of two great supporters of the World Cup. Jacky Felsenstein was a doyenne of the bowling scene in Belgium, and highly regarded by all. Barry James was a British journalist who covered the World Cup for Reuters and produced the World Cup Review for many, many years. The Jacky Felsenstein award goes to the Sportswoman and the Barry James award to the Sportsman.
Congratulations to both recipients!
QubicaAMF is the largest and most innovative bowling equipment provider in the world with 600 employees worldwide. We build and modernize more bowling entertainment centers than any other company in the industry, and have an installed base of more than 10,000 centers in 90 countries. We have a sales and distribution network with worldwide reach and maintains the largest R&D team for electro-mechanical products, software, electronics and entertainment systems in the industry. The company has U.S. headquarters in Richmond, Virginia and European headquarters in Bologna, Italy.
QubicaAMF has over 100 years of experience and can provide the perfect combination of bowling equipment, products and services for new or existing bowling entertainment centers, FECs, Cinemas or any other facility in the hospitality, retail or restaurant industry.
Our ongoing mission is Making Bowling Amazing. We are convinced that bowling has so much more potential to attract and entertain even more people. With our products, we will help our customers fully unleash that potential.
QubicaAMF is the organizer of the QubicaAMF Bowling World Cup, the largest annual sporting event in terms of the number of participating countries, which promotes bowling on a global level. The company celebrated the historical 50th anniversary of the tournament in 2014.


text:
'I've at all times been on the lookout for cam motion, and I didn't wish to go anywhere else once I discovered LiveJasmin. Even although it takes time to get used to it, I'm now addicted to it and find it worth my money'. The company VeriSign is specially mastered in data encryption. It is certainly one of the most widely-used software program within the dating scene to guarantee that the websites are well-protected and encrypted at all times. If you have a free membership, you might not have the power to change the username, however in case you have a premium membership, you could possibly change your username usually.
On the other hand, models need to provide all the private particulars and bodily particulars to create their profile on LiveJasmin. The private particulars of fashions embody location, age, name, ethnicity, nationality, and so on. However, the model will be recognized on the platform by way of his or her chosen nickname. Even fashions must confirm their identity by way of a sound government-issued ID card, driving license, or passport.
- Users should purchase the credit and use them for availing added benefits of the website.
- You will discover many other customers in the Free Chat, including different members and visitors.
- I assume we neglect this facet of adult live chat too quickly.
In this LiveJasmin review, I clarify the nice and bad… so be certain to learn to the very end. You will need to have Adobe Flash plug-in installed on your browser to view the camera feeds. For any technical help, you may contact our Online Support workers obtainable 24/7. Bonus credit are a part of the total credit package deal, and subsequently refunds usually are not attainable after spending them on the website. I wished they'd have the same necessities for love life advertiser that they have for every thing else. I would not put my cam mannequin decor up if they had the same guidelines in place for this section.
Does Livejasmin Sell Your Data?
Thus, the members may be assured that they receive quality companies well worth the money paid. The models are required to extend their picture quality and internet connection velocity. The account of the fashions with low image quality and internet connection pace are requested to improve the quality. By the time the model doesn't appropriate the difficulty, their account is rejected. After correcting the trouble, the fashions should contact the technical support to restore their accounts to work.
Tips On How To Arrange Your Profile?
Most of the shows within the personal room are sexually explicit and more carnal than the reveals these fashions placed on in public. Most of their patrons are males on the lookout for cam sex and sensual videos. Cam2Cam is a two-way video interplay between you and the model. He or she gets to see you in a personal message and vice versa.
Users observe this as an efficient way to interact with their favorite models. Though free membership permits users to make use of many features, the web site might prompt them to buy credit. There is a extensive range of engaging benefits which are out there with the paid membership. The real name of the customers shall be hidden, and so they can work under a pseudonym. The identity is required to confirm the age of the customers. They will want two pictures of the doc and a photo of the customers.
If you wish to see who messaged you on LiveJasmine, you have to get a premium membership. On LiveJasmin all online Models carry out reside in their chat room. I assume it is safe to say that Livejasmin is a camgirl web site without scams. LiveJasmin — good web site for most perverts, with a transparent system, which doesn't require a registration to begin. But if you are knowledgeable stroker, you'll find a way to look for websites like LiveJasmin.
Both men and women will get their cash's price on this website. You will find that there are male, feminine and trans models available for exchanging exciting chat messages and more. Public chats are the thumbnails you see on the homepage. You can check them out even with no LiveJasmin account. Some of those public calls may be seen at no cost, however the free classes by no means show nudity.
In this context, it might be silly for a cam lady to move slowly on purpose during a non-public chat. I actually have found that Livejasmin webcam women had been among the many most respectful webcam girls of the internet. There are super variations between Cam women from completely different web sites.
LiveJasmin is a typical grownup web site that provides a quantity of options for all users. Users can experience great stay webcams with authentic content from paid fashions. Models can join with the net site for obtaining income. There are numerous features of speaking with the fashions available at no cost and paid members, mentioned on this LiveJasmin evaluation. Paid members of LiveJasmin even have further chances of enhancing their reference to their favorite fashions. With this, the users will share their digital camera feeds with the model they're thinking about. They will be succesful of see the fashions via private chats, while the fashions may also see them again.
How To Earn Cash On Livejasmin
Choose the correct category on the left aspect of the web page. Help you narrow costs throughout interplay with the Jasmin cams. My money goes to assist an actual person,not a Barbie doll kind.And this girl deserves it. You can even enter an amount of credits your self and the positioning will calculate the whole quantity to be paid for you. In addition to the free credits, new members additionally receive a 50% low cost on their first buy. The costliest shows are the group exhibits and the porn stars . These reveals can set you back $2.99-$3.99 per minute.
Livejasmin Fee System And Privacy:
You can begin a series of messages by sending and receiving messages from a model for 3 consecutive days. Keep your streak alive by sending messages every single day. In these profiles, each model additionally has segments called "Free Content" and "Premium Content". The Free phase is crammed with lots of risqué photos to tempt you and get you hard, but completely no nudity.
You can upload your ID, passport, or driver's license. Your documents might be reviewed for approval by the positioning's moderators. They will contact you inside 24 hours when you have handed their requirements. The inhabitants is totally on the younger aspect, however membership is current in all age teams together with the seniors sixty five plus group. In phrases of gender, you can see a big difference between the number of males and females as men make up 70 p.c of the population. Most of the members are straight singles who want to have some fun.
Access to LiveJasmin Gay is totally free, and organising a free account just requires an email tackle, username, and password. There are not any fees or subscription plans – the one expense is buying credit. An attestment to its group and variety, every kink, every choice, and every sexuality has a category of its own. Each category options hundreds of cam women you'll have the ability to choose from. So whether you like males, females, couples, porn stars, anal stuff, stay orgasm, etc, there is all the time a mannequin for you.
The Details To Attach With Livejasmin Via Telephone
It's undoubtedly the best cam website I've used up to now. LiveJasmin streamers have particular pages on the positioning the place reside webcams could be seen publicly. These live streams are joined by members who can talk to them through the profile's public group chat. The drawback I really have with them is that they take a lot of money of those 30% for fashions, so not only 70% but from 30% of mannequin too. I truly have a lot of screenshots on their side where nothing bare was seen within the free chat and some big cash was taken from me.
You'll be requested to fill out primary details about your self, and the complete process is accomplished inside four minutes. You can also select to add extra information if you want your profile to face out amongst others. If you need to go on spy mode, this website does not offer any mode, but you'll be able to at all times select to go for the incognito mode to keep your account from prying. Yes, you live jsmin can view the members who you favored when you get a LiveJasmin premium membership. You can use the cell app to make use of for devices and the location version on computer systems. They know they should carry out and please their customer in any other case the client may leave at any time. The website offers most features entirely free without registration.
You`ll always know how much you`ve spent, what your account status is, and the means to get extra tokens. Below, you`ll learn how to set up a profile right here and enhance your account to unlock extra options. I've been on different internet cam websites the place the web cams have been darkish and grainy. The primary account is free and provides you unlimited non-nude chat. As for the non-public or group nude reveals, you'll need to purchase credit score. You earn factors every time you top up your Jasmin stay account with new credits and it doesn't matter the way you spend your credits. Points are only counted by topping up credit inside your account.


text:
U.S. Sanctions 3 N. Korean Officials over Human Rights
The U.S. government imposed sanctions on three key North Korean officials for human rights abuses on Monday, December 10. Hong Hyun-ik, head of the Department of Diplomatic Strategy Studies at the Sejong Institute, explains the three North Korean officials in more detail.
Choe Ryong-hae is the vice chairman of the Workers' Party and also the director of the party's Organization and Guidance Department.
The department director is an important post; former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il held the position himself. The department is a powerful oversight body that has, in effect, propped up the communist regime. Choe is considered by many to be Kim Jong-un's right-hand man with significant control over the party, government and military.
The other two officials are Minister of State Security Jong Kyong-thaek(정경택) and director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department Pak Kwang-ho(박광호). The Ministry of State Security plays a key role in directing censorship activities and violating human rights. Pak's department, meanwhile, supervises all state media. Kim Jong-un's younger sister Kim Yo-jong holds the title of vice director at this department.
Perhaps North Korea is upset about Washington's fresh sanctions on three of its top officials. The nation is hypersensitive about the human rights issue, which it regards as a matter of regime security.
The U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned three senior North Korean officials on December 10, the 70th anniversary of International Human Rights Day. This is the first time that the U.S. has applied new human rights sanctions on North Korea since their bilateral summit in Singapore in June.
Since July 2016, the U.S. has imposed sanctions related to North Korean human rights violations on 13 institutions and 32 individuals, including North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. But these sanctions were erected in the midst of poor bilateral relations in the wake of North Korea's nuclear and missile provocations. Mr. Hong explains why the latest sanctions came at this particular time.
The second North Korea-U.S. summit is expected to take place in January or February next year, but the North has yet to implement practical denuclearization measures that the Trump administration wants.
In fact, the sanctions freeze the North Koreans' assets in the U.S. and ban their financial transactions with U.S. entities. But the sanctioned individuals aren't known to have conducted transactions with any Americans. So, the sanction measures are largely symbolic and may be a way for the U.S. to leverage greater pressure on Pyongyang to commit to denuclearization.
Under the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act, the U.S. State Department is required to provide a human rights report to Congress every 180 days. However, the US was aware of the violations for some time, suggesting the U.S. government skipped the implementation of these particular human rights sanctions, at least once, in consideration of on-going dialogue with the North.
Coming amidst a deadlock in nuclear negotiations, some analysts speculate that the U.S. has used human rights issues to elicit a change of attitude from the Kim regime. Mr. Hong continues.
Trump's national security adviser John Bolton has said that the U.S. will consider lifting sanctions when there is "performance" in North Korea's denuclearization. For a successful North Korea-U.S. summit early next year, the U.S. is offering this incentive while imposing additional sanctions on the North at the same time. On the whole, the U.S. is taking a carrot and stick approach.
I think the human rights sanctions are part of Washington's measures aimed at prompting Pyongyang to take practical steps toward denuclearization and generate results at a potential North Korea-U.S. summit early next year.
The U.S. government's recent sanctions reflect its intention to apply continuous pressure on North Korea but also a willingness to engage in dialogue. The key is how North Korea will interprete Washington's stick-and-carrot strategy.
Of course, North Korea will protest the U.S.' decision. But Trump has expressed his trust in the North Korean leader, hyperbolically saying he fell in love with Kim. He has said a second summit with Kim will be held in January or February next year at one of three possible locations.
North Korea, for its part, is concentrating on another summit with the U.S. for now, lessening the likelihood of Kim Jong-un's visit to Seoul this year—a promise he made with South Korean President Moon Jae-in in September. The North Korean government may criticize the U.S., but the criticism will not be harsh enough to spoil the mood for nuclear negotiations altogether or delay a future North Korea-U.S. summit any further.
On Tuesday, North Korean media outlets denounced Washington's decision, calling it a hostile act that runs counter to the goodwill spirit of the Singapore summit between Trump and Kim. But the North will likely adjust its level of criticism, considering a second summit with the U.S. is still possible. Strident criticism from Pyongyang may be interpreted by Washington as a rejection of high-level talks, especially as the North drags its feet on denuclearization efforts.
As it becomes increasingly unlikely that the North Korean leader will visit Seoul by year's end, Washington's human rights sanctions emerge as an additional variable in regional diplomacy. High-level talks between North Korea and the U.S. may disentangle this complicated situation.
Based on comments made by Trump, a second North Korea-U.S. summit is likely to take place early next year, but relations are still at a standstill. I think the talks are more urgent than Kim Jong-un's Seoul visit at this point in time. North Korea-U.S. high-level talks should be held this month or early next year to facilitate a second summit.
North Korea and the U.S. could negotiate a breakthrough deal at their summit, where Kim Jong-un presents pragmatic denuclearization measures and Trump lifts sanctions on the North or exempts inter-Korean economic cooperation programs. Only then might the North Korean leader visit Seoul. Therefore I think whether the North and the U.S. will actually hold high-level talks will determine how diplomacy in the region unfolds.
High level talks between the US and North Korea were initially scheduled to take place in early November before being postponed. Any progress in relations between the two countries will hinge on getting these talks back on track.


text: Originally developed for a 5.3/Hi-Ram/Twin 366 combination, the stage I twin turbo cam has proven to be a versatile camshaft that can do extremely well in multiple applications. Great for use with 5.3's and 6.0's with cathedral port heads and big intakes, but has also given great results in LS3 port head applications as well. Specs are 222/231 .604"/.608" 112+4 Part Number 32231124R1 Cam Type Turbocharged Brand Brian Tooley Racing Engine Type Gen III/IV Cam Style Hydraulic Roller Lift .604/.608 Duration 222/231 Lobe Separation Angle 112+4 *Item ships directly from vendor.


text:
The Important Schedule You Might Be Missing
This schedule might not be what you expect. It's not a routine or a way to spend your time. Instead, it's a way to protect your valuables. Your home or renters policy has limits on how much your items such as jewelry, firearms, fine art, silverware, camera equipment, and more will be covered for in the event of certain claims. Scheduled personal property is a way to make sure these items are protected.
For example, on a standard home policy, the limitation for theft of jewelry is $1,000 per item stolen with a cap of $5,000 per claim. In other words, if someone stole a $3,000 ring from you, you would only receive $1,000.
Not only that, but scheduling your item on the policy adds additional coverage that you did not have before. It can offer coverage for lost items or mysterious disappearances or even help replace a stone in a piece of jewelry if a stone is lost.
If you have any high value items that you are worried about, it might be a good time to look at getting these items scheduled onto your policy.
Give our office a call at (602)337-2723 or click the button below and we would be happy to help you with a quote and make sure all of your valuables are fully protected!


text:
The pain and despair Vanessa Bryant must be suffering through in the wake of the January 26th accident that took the lives of her husband and 13-year-old daughter is hard to conceive.
In the eight months following the tragedy, people from all corners of the earth have attempted to lift some of that burden by way of tributes, support, and memorials.
40-year old Pau Gasol has been the perfect uncle for Kobe Bryant's kids. ❤
via Vanessa Bryant/IG pic.twitter.com/zOkpBASnTu
— ClutchPoints (@ClutchPointsApp) July 7, 2020
Gasol's latest tribute to the man he called "the big brother that I never had" came as he and his wife, Catherine McDonnell, birthed a baby girl over the weekend.
The two-time NBA champion named his very first child Elisabet Gianna Gasol, the middle name an ode to Kobe and Vanessa's daughter who perished in the helicopter crash.
Our little one has finally arrived!! The delivery went really well and we couldn't be happier!! Elisabet Gianna Gasol 😍, a very meaningful name for our super beautiful daughter!! ❤👨👩👧 #girldad pic.twitter.com/rmXWk0BTFz
— Pau Gasol (@paugasol) September 13, 2020
What's more, Vanessa Bryant confirmed Gasol's newborn as her goddaughter, responding with her own post, "my goddaughter is here!!!! Congratulations @paugasol @catmcdonnell7 Love you 3 so much! So touched by your request to honor my Gigi. Can't wait to hold Elisabet Gianna Gasol."
Vanessa Bryant shared that she is the godmother to the Gasol's newborn child 💛💜 pic.twitter.com/MzbfKpZBzU
— SportsCenter (@SportsCenter) September 13, 2020
In May, in the lead-up to the 10th anniversary of the Lakers winning back-to-back titles with the duo, Gasol spoke to ClutchPoints about how much Kobe meant to him.
"To me, he was kind of the big brother that I never had," Gasol said of Bryant. "A person that I could count on, that I could rely on. That I could reach out, and we could talk, and we would just enjoy it.
"Enjoy talking about life, talking about decisions, talking about personal stuff. How I would kind of teach their daughters the culture and the arts and stuff like that, and how he would help my kids.
"He couldn't make boys, so it was on me to make boys. We would just talk about stuff. It was two very close people that appreciated each other being close and being human. That's kind of what he meant to me."
Congrats to Pau and Catherine on their newborn and doing their part to keep the memory of Kobe and Gianna alive.
I still refuse to believe it… it still feels like a nightmare that I can't wait to wake up from… but if this nightmare continues, I will do what I can to keep your legacy going and your lessons present in everything I do. pic.twitter.com/n3DL1NHjko


text:
Tips on how to Identify a Legit Mail Order Star of the wedding
While it might be difficult to identify a genuine mail purchase bride, it is possible to tell when a service is certainly legitimate and trustworthy. First of all, most of these products and services have contemporary websites, will not ask for cash up front, and possess helpful support staff. Many legitimate offerings https://mymailorderbride.org/dating/chinalove-site-review/ have got positive reviews and a great background. Likewise, you can check the evaluations of a site by studying them and checking the number of affiliates on the site.
Look into the feedback and reviews via past customers of the web page. Unlike a lot of dating programs, a legit mail order bride just isn't going to hide the positive experiences of their members. For example , if an individual is satisfied with their experience, the internet site won't try to hide all their comments. If perhaps someone says that they missed their better half, they could take that personally. And, not all opinions is aim. So , make sure to read additional users' review articles before you make your decision.
Make sure tell if the site is certainly legit is by looking at it is feedbacks. If people make use of service, they would like to share their very own experiences. Genuine mail purchase bride sites don't cover their feedback. You can also find reviews from users by visiting discussion boards. If you're not really successful, may take the adverse reviews professionally. Some people take it i think, especially those who failed to meet their better halves. But you cannot assume that harmful reviews usually are genuine.
Another way to tell when a mail buy bride service is normally legit should be to look at the quantity of positive feedback. These critical reviews come from real persons who have already utilized the support. Most of these people would be willing to share all their experiences with others. The reviews from these users are often great because it signifies that the site is legitimate. The site includes a huge set of satisfied clients, which means they have not a fraud.
The best way to tell whether a web page is genuine is to look at reviews submitted by previous users. A large number of users of these sites tend to be than very happy to give their particular feedback over a particular service. Apart from a positive review, it can also help you decide if you should try it out your self. These types of sites will offer women of any nationality, regardless of age or perhaps race. This can be an important factor to keep in mind the moment deciding which will site to use.
You should also look at feedback of other users on the mail order bride assistance. It can be helpful you just read the comments posted by others who have tried out the service. This information can help you decide if the site is legit or perhaps not. Many people who have employed a snail mail order star of the wedding service experience nothing to hide. They simply desire to share their very own success stories and show their appreciation for the task. But the truth is the process could be difficult. Luckily, a legitimate mail purchase bride site is available if you are willing to make the effort.


text:
New Ghanaian movie, 'My Partner's Enemy', will be premiering at the Silverbird Cinemas in Accra and West Hills Malls as part of this year's Valentine's Day celebrations on Friday.
The premiere is, among other objectives, to give lovers a nice treat during Val's Day as well as serve movie enthusiasts with something worth remembering.
Described as the most anticipated movie for 2020, it is a Success Graded Film Production and features Jackie Appiah, Samuel De-Graft Yeboah, Kalsoume Sinare, Jasmine Baroudi, Ian Wordi and Kingsley Yamoah.
It was produced by Hilda Lamptey and directed by Kobi Rana.
"This Val's Day will be better like never before with My Partner's Enemy," actor Samuel Yeboah told NEWS-ONE over the weekend.
The romantic piece brings different views and cultures together to tell a story of deceit, betrayal, love and strength.
It is a story about a prostitute who falls in love with a criminal while a noble man chases the prostitute for marriage, but he couldn't win her love for 11 years.
Love, they say, is blind. Will the love of these two 'sinners' wax stronger? Will society accept them since everyone knows what they are capable of doing; will their enemies allow them to be when, of course, the police are after them everywhere? Must they accept the demands of their enemies? Find out about all of these in this season of love on Friday.
All roads are expected to lead to the Silverbird Cinemas this weekend for the much anticipated premiere.
This would be followed by another premiere in Kumasi on February 22 at the Watch & Dine Cinema. Other premiere events would also be in Takoradi and Cape Coast.
Source: dailyguidenetwork.com
Related posts:
- Black Stars Need a Coach Who Won't Take Orders From People – Asamoah Gyan - January 26, 2023
- Police Investigate Drowning Of Eight Children On Volta Lake - January 26, 2023
- 2022 BECE Results Released; Mobile Phone Offenders' Results Cancelled - January 26, 2023


text:
February, 2011
Our Partners for Fruitful Ministry,
Almost every weekend in cities like Winter Garden, FL, Litchfield, IL, and San Antonio, TX, Reach Out trains younger generation leaders to implement Jesus-Focused Youth Ministry. But this last weekend in Tupelo, MS was extra special.
The Best Expression
What made it so special? Sue McAllister--Sue Mc to us! She helps coordinate the network of churches that hosted the training. For 38 years, Sue and her husband Lee have invested their lives in equipping youth leaders, discipling teenagers, and reaching into the schools to share Jesus. Together Sue and Lee are THE BEST expression of youth ministry I know anywhere!
All of these years, Lee, a banker, has reached out to and discipled kids in his free time. He has supported Sue with time and money in every endeavor. In 1973 Sue became the part-time interim youth minister at Harrisburg Baptist Church. Women with an official title of "Youth Minister" were non-existent. She served that church for 24 years as the youth pastor. Then she went across town to do the same at Calvary Baptist for four and a half years and then again at First Baptist for one year. Each time she replaced herself with young men she had trained. Now all the youth leaders in the city look to her for leadership--a veritable network throughout the city!
A Beautiful Life
Since Sue came to her first Reach Out training in 1975, we have forged a friendship and worked alongside each other in many endeavors. Always she has desired to know Jesus and to make Him known to kids. That "spring of Living Water" inside of her has resulted in a beautiful life. I see her as...
ever hungering and thirsting for more of Jesus
a loving and caring wife to Lee, mom to Katie, and daughter to her mom in chronic illness
a lover of kids, parents, youth leaders...and so many others
a servant in every situation
a consummate giver instead of a taker
a trusted advisor
a sensitive encourager to Ginny and me after Carol died and a good friend to Lawanna and her first husband, Dave Busby
having an amazing knack for remembering our family's special occasions--even when I forget!
Bundled together, these qualities reflect Jesus to all around her. The fruit of the Spirit inside of her reveals Christ consistently to every person she meets. I am thankful that she has let Jesus in her life bubble over to my life. I am a much better person because of Sue Mc!
A Bountiful Ministry
Sue's ministry reflects her life! An example from only one year reveals how bountiful Lee and Sue's ministry has been. In the class of 1979 Lee and Sue each discipled two groups of kids and led an adult
Leadership Team, many of whom also discipled groups of kids. Five high school guys in those discipleship groups--Nathan, Robby, Bill, Jim, and Bobby--all serve faithfully in ministry today and each one has discipled many others. Nathan, for example, has a remarkable history of spiritual multiplication. Through him Tim, Sam, Aaron, Blake, Landon, and Billy to name only a few, have become ministers and missionaries who disciple the next generation.
In Tupelo today, the evidence of Lee and Sue's long term investment in kids runs the gamut from grandparents to middle-schoolers. Among the current youth pastors there, Nathan, Kurt, Blake, Aaron, Barton, and Jeremy are part of the "much fruit" God has produced and multiplied through Sue.
Imagine 38 years and 38 graduating classes of kids discipled to follow Jesus who have gone on to disciple others. They span the generations and all walks of life. It is impossible to estimate how many youth leaders and teenagers have been influenced through Sue's ministry of multiplication. From what I can observe, it is more than any other youth leader I have ever known!
Leaders like Lee and Sue are rare. Yet the church needs more of them.
When you invest your prayers and money in Reach Out, you can have confidence that we are giving our concerted energies to raising up more leaders like Lee and Sue Mc!
Jesus is Lord,
PO Box 870141
Stone Mountain, GA 30087
Office: 770-413-6045
Fax: 770-220-1980
Web site:


text:
Save Big on Top Brands! Shop Now and Save
Out of Stock $ 25.00
The Evoc Bike Saddle Bag M is a lightweight storage option for road bike or MTB
-tube and repair kit.
-Mesh pocket
-Better visibility thanks to the reflective logo print
-Fixation buckle
-Seatpost strap for added stability
-Easy & safe loop fixation
Compartments 1
Color See Options
Light Loop No
Waterproof Water-resistant
Volume Range 0-5L
Volume 0.7L
Bag Attachment Snap buckle & Velcro
Bag Material Deniers Ripstop Nylon
Black VENDOR ITEM # 100605100-M
Orange VENDOR ITEM # 100605507-M
Slate VENDOR ITEM # 100605209-M
BlueSkyCycling.com is the only place for your online bicycle parts buying experience. Here at Blue Sky Cycling we carry the best mountain and road bike parts, accessories, clothing and nutritional items to keep you and your bike on the go. If you're concerned about high prices, don't be. At Blue Sky Cycling we have the lowest prices on bike parts, accessories and clothing guaranteed. Nobody beats our 120 day price match policy, nobody. If any items fail to meet your expectations, you have up to 365-days to make a return.
Whether you're looking for bike parts for road, cross-country, downhill, freeride, or single speed, Blue Sky Cycling is your one stop shop for all your cycling needs. We carry an extensive variety of cycling shoes, gloves, mountain and road bike tires, helmets, disc brakes, protective gear, pedals, and much more. When you place your order with Blue Sky Cycling you can count on same day shipping of in stock items. Remember, you can find the hottest mountain bike parts, accessories and clothing at discount prices here at BlueSkyCycling.com.
Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more…
© 2023 Blue Sky Cycling.
Powered by Shopify
Join the list to receive special offers, closeouts, and more!