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The problem of measuring surface height and snowpack characteristics from satellite radar altimeter echoes is investigated. In this paper, we perform an analysis of the ERS1 altimeter dataset acquired during a 3 day repeat orbit. The analysis reveals that there are temporal variations in shapes of the radar altimeter echo and that these variations are linked to meteorological phenomena. The time- and space-scales over which these variations apply are a few to tens of days and a few hundred kilometres, respectively. This phenomenon, if not accounted for, can create error in the height measurement. A numerical echo model is used to recover snowpack characteristics by taking advantage of the temporal variations of the radar echoes. A map of penetration depth of the radar waves in the Ku band over the Antarctic continent is obtained and suggests that grain-size produces the dominant effect on radar extinction in the snowpack at this frequency. Finally, a procedure is proposed to correct the height measurement within the context of ice-sheet mass-balance survey.
Changes in the Earth's gravity field with time have important applications to a broad range of disciplines. Any process that involves a large enough horizontal redistribution of mass, either within the Earth or on or above its surface, is potentially detectable. In particular, when ice sheets grow or shrink, gravity changes as mass is redistributed in the solid earth and between the oceans and the ice sheets. The sources of global sea-level rise (about 2 mm a−1 over the last century) and in particular the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet thereto are not well understood. Gravity measurements can help to diminish this uncertainty.
The technology currently exists to measure gravity with high accuracy by a dual-satellite mission in which the distance between the satellites is precisely monitored. We estimate from recent studies that temporal changes in the gravity field as determined by a satellite gravity mission lasting 5 years at an orbital height of 400 km would be sensitive to changes in the overall mass of the Antarctic ice sheet to a precision corresponding to better than 0.01 mm a−1 of sea-level change. However, the effects of three other phenomena that could each produce a temporally varying gravity signal with characteristics comparable to that caused by a change in Antarctic ice—postglacial rebound, inter-annual variability in snowfall, and atmospheric pressure trends — also need to be evaluated. Postglacial rebound could be partly separated from ice-mass changes with the aid of global positioning system campaigns and numerical models of rebound that use improved determinations of mantle viscosity also provided by the gravity mission. Determination of inter-annual ice-mass changes will be aided by measurements of moisture-flux divergence around the perimeters of the ice sheets and direct observations of inter-annual changes by the gravity satellite itself. The removal of pressure effects over Antarctica will become more effective as the number of automatic weather stations in the interior of the continent increases.
Even after corrections are made for these factors, the uncertainties they cause limit the accuracy in the détermination of the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea-level change to about 0.5 mm a−1. However, there is a strong complementarity between gravity measurements and the surface-height measurements that will be produced by NASA's laser altimeter mission early next century. Together, they should be able to determine that contribution to an accuracy of about 0.1 mm a−1.
For glaciological and meteorological reasons Mount Elbrus, Caucasus, was chosen as a site for physical and chemical pilot studies of ice cores. This study was the first step towards systematic studies of impurities in glacier ice on Mount Elbrus. In 1900 two ice cores, each 17 m deep and spaced 10 m apart, were taken at an elevation of 4100 m on the Bolshoy Azau glacier on the western slopes of Mount Elbrus. The cores were used for different physical and chemical analyses. Structure, texture and ice microstructure were studied. Chemical analyses of major ions (SO42−, NO3−, K+ and Na+) and measurements of insoluble light-absorbing material and radioactivity (137Cs and total β activity) were made. With the results of the physical and chemical analyses of these two ice cores, the possibilities of utilising the ice for the study of trace substances deposited after long-range transport from Europe were explored. Ice-stratigraphic methods made it possible to establish the annual accumulation rate. A reference horizon was established from the depth variation of 137Cs and total β activities that showed a well-defined peak of their activities coinciding in time with the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The results of this study show that Mount Elbrus is a useful archive for atmospheric composition downwind of Europe.
A "tethered stake" apparatus is used to measure basal sliding in a borehole on Ice Stream B, West Antaretica, about 300 km upstream (east) from its grounding line near the head of the Ross Ice Shelf. A metal stake, emplaced at the top of a laver of unfrozen till underlying the ice, is connected by a tether line to a metering unit that measures the tether line as it is pulled out from the borehole by the stake as a result of basal sliding. The measured sliding motion includes any actual slip across the ice–till interface and may include in addition a possible contribution from shear deformation of till within about 3 cm of the interface. This 3 cm figure follows from a qualitative model of the movements of the stake in the course of the experiment, based on features of the record of apparent sliding. Alternative but less likely models would increase the figure from 3 cm to 10 cm or 25 cm. In any case it is small compared to the seismically inferred till thickness of 9 m. Measured apparent sliding averages 69% of the total motion of 1.2 m d−1 over 26 days of observation if a 3.5 day period of slow apparent sliding (8% of the total motion) is included in the average. The occurrence of the slow period raises the possibility that the sliding motion switches back and forth between c.80% and c. 8% of the total motion, on a time-scale of a few days. However, it is likely that the period of slow apparent sliding represents instead a period when the stake got caught on the ice sole. If the slow period is therefore omitted, the indicated average basal sliding rate is 83% of the total motion. In either case, basal sliding predominates as the cause of the rapid ice-stream motion. In the last 2 days of observation the average apparent sliding rate reached 1.17 m d−1, essentially 100% of the motion of the ice stream. If till deformation contributes significantly to the ice-stream motion, the contribution is concentrated in a shear zone 3 cm to possibly 25 cm thick at the top of the 9 m thick till layer. These observations, if applicable to the West Antaretic ice sheet in general, pose complications in modeling the rapid ice-streaming motion.
We analyse data on solar radiation measured with an automatic weather station on Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland, for the period 1 October 1995–30 September 1996. The station is in the lower ablation zone. Due to shading by surrounding mountains and atmospheric attenuation, only 49% of the annual extraterrestrial irradiance (mean: 292 W m−2) reaches the glacier surface. About 48% of this is absorbed at the surface (mean: 79 W m−2; annual albedo of 0.53).
We present a simple albedo scheme for use in glacier mass-balance models. We fit the model to the 1 year dataset by optimizing five control parameters (optimal values in brackets): albedo of snow (0.75), albedo of firn (0.53), albedo of ice (0.34), e-folding constant for effect of ageing on snow albedo (21.9 days) and e-folding constant for effect of snow depth on albedo (3.2 cm). The input consists of daily albedo, snow depth and dates of snowfall events. The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated albedo is 0.931, the corresponding rms difference being 0.067.
Reconnaissance energy-balance studies were made for the first time at two sites in North Greenland to compare with conditions in West Greenland. The field experiments were planned to save weight because it is expensive to operate in North Greenland. The larger energy components (incoming radiation and ablation) were measured for 55 days altogether, and the smaller components were evaluated by indirect methods, e.g. turbulent fluxes are calculated from air temperature, humidity and wind speed, to save the weight of instruments. The energy-balance model is "tuned" by choosing surface roughness and albedo to reduce the mean error between measured ablation and modelled daily melting. The error standard deviation for ablation is only ± 5 kg m −2 d−1', which is much lower than found in West Greenland, due to better instruments and modelling in the present study. Net radiation is the main energy source for melting in North Greenland but ablation is relatively low because sublimation and conductive-heat fluxes use energy that would otherwise be available for melting. There is a strong diurnal variation in ablation, mainly forced by variations in shortwave radiation and reinforced by nocturnal cooling of the ice surface by outgoing longwave radiation and sublimation. The model frequently predicts a frozen glacier surface at night even when air temperatures are positive.
Numerical models for sea-ice thickness distribution and velocity are used for ice-dynamics research and ice forecasting. In the modeling work, ERS-1 SAR is an excellent tool, in particular by providing spatial ice-velocity fields as described in the present Baltic Sea study. Ice velocities were extracted from SAR data with 3 and 6 day time intervals using the optical-flow method. A considerable stiffening of the ice pack was observed due to the change in the character of ice déformation under compression from rafting to ridging as the minimum ice thickness increased from 10 to 3O cm. The coastal alignment was strong in the ice motion and the coastal boundary layer width was 20-30 km. An analysis of the SAR data with an ice-dynamics model showed that the observed overall ice-velocity field could be produred using the Hibler viscous-plastic ice rheology. The compressive strength of the ice (over 10 km sc ales) was 2.5x 104 N m−2 ±50% for ridging and negligible for rafting of very thin ice. The shear strength was significant and the normal yield ellipse aspect ratio of 2 was valid. The 3 day time interval is val id for updating an ice model but for detailed ice-dynamics investigations a data frequency of 1 d−1 or higher would be preferable.
Bakaninbreen, Svalbard, started surging in 1985 and developed a steep surge front where fast-moving ice impinged on stagnant non-surging ice. This front, which was 20- 25 m high in 1985, became a steep and heavily crevassed feature about 60 m high. The surge continued through 1986-95. Annual surge-front propagation rate was 1.0 1.8 km a−1 during 1985-89; this rate dropped considerably during 1989 95 and the front became less steep. Front propagation occurred largely by longitudinal compression and vertical extension of the ice and the effects of over-riding appear minor. Ice velocities were slower than the average propagation rate of the front. The surge affected Bakaninbreen in four zones: (1) Upper region where extensive flow, fast propagation rates and negative vertical strain occurred, resulting in widespread crevassing and stranded blocks tens of metres above the post-surge ice surface, (2) Mid-glacier region where initial strong compression was associated with ice thickening which started before the arrivai of the surge front. Horizontal strain rates were very low but vertical strain rates were tip to 300 mmd−1. As (he front passed, the horizontal velocity increased and about 500 m behind it became extensive. Negative vertical strain and ice down-draw occurred as ice velocities dropped, (3) Surge front where ice velocity was high but vertical strain remained positive associated with compression. (4) Lower region below the iront where only compression occurred, resulting in the formation of a fore bulge, a thickening of the ice of up to 50 m above pre-surge levels. The fore bulge affected the whole 1.7 km below the, now halted, surge front. The glacier has not advanced, Bakaninbreen's surge was characterized by a long active phase, approximately 10 years, low ice velocities and low basal shear stresses compared to glaciers in lower latitudes, and an indistinct surge termination.
If it were possible to properly extract seasonal information from ice-core isotopic records, paleoclimate researchers could retrieve a wealth of new information concerning the nature of climate changes and the meaning of trends observed in ice-core proxy records. It is widely recognized, however, that the diffusional smoothing of the seasonal record makes a "proper extraction" very difficult. In this paper, we examine the extent to which seasonal information (specifically the amplitude and shape of the seasonal cycle) is irrecoverably destroyed by diffusion in the firn. First, we show that isotopic diffusion firn is reasonably well understood. We do this by showing that a slightly modified version of the Whillans and Grootes (1985) theory makes a tenable a priori prediction of the decay of seasonal isotopic amplitudes with depth at the GISP2 site, though a small adjustment to one parameter significantly improves the prediction. Further, we calculate the amplitude decay at various other ice-core sites and show that these predictions compare favorably with published data from South Pole and locations in southern and central Greenland and the Antarctic Peninsula. We then present numerical experiments wherein synthetic ice-core records are created, diffused, sampled, reconstituted and compared to the original. These show that, alter diffusive mixing in the entire fini column, seasonal amplitudes can be reconstructed to within about 20% error in central Greenland but that all information about sub-annual signals is permanently lost there. Furthermore, most of the error in the amplitude reconstructions is due to the unknowable variations in the sub-annual signal. Finally, we explore how these results can be applied to other locations and suggest that Dye 3 has a high potential for meaningful seasonal reconstructions, while Siple Dome has no potential at all. An optimal ice-core site for seasonal reconstructions has a high accumulation rate and a low temperature.
A perturbation method is used to analyse the stability of a thin till layer overlain by a deep ice layer. Ice is modelled as a linearly viscous fluid, while the till viscosity has power-law dependence on stress and effective pressure. A linearized set of equations yields descriptions of the coupling of the ice flow with the sediment flow and reveals parameter ranges where the till-perturbation amplitude can grow. This sheet-flow instability is an essential part of any theory of drumlin formation and shows that viscous models of till have the ability to explain typical deforming-bed features. This is of great significance for large-scale ice-sheet modelling.
Glacially induced flow naturally tends to thin and extended till cover through shock formation, even in the absence of longitudinal gradients in the applied stress. Thicker till cover has an increased effective pressure at its surface and base, a lower sliding velocity or deformation rate and above a critical thickness, a decrease in wave velocity with thickness, leading to reverse-facing shocks moving downstream. For sliding and for some theologies of internal deformation, a decrease in sediment flux with thickness occurs, implying backward-moving kinematic waves and reverse-facing, reverse-moving shock.
Downstream-facing shocks are also formed which move upstream if the till is sliding and downstream if the till is deforming internally. Eventually, shocks coalesce, leaving an upstream-lacing shock for sliding and a downstream-facing shock for internal deformation. It is observed that some drumlins have downstream blunt ends only.
Fairly realistic three-dimensional drumlin shapes can be produced from symmetric sediment bodies and barchan shapes can be produced from linear forms perpendicular to the ice-sheet flow.
The fact that viscous theories produce drumlinoid forms suggests that on this scale till behaves viscously and the the lower length scale for drumlins represents the plastic/viscous transition scale.
Small glaciers appear to have been at equilibrium or shrinking very slightly during 1961–90, according to analysis of an essentially complete set of published measurements. Simple calculations give an average annual mass balance of –195 ± 59 mm a−1 (water equivalent) but this is too low because of systematic errors. Neglect of internal accumulation is responsible for some tens of millimeters of underestimate. Uneven spatial coverage, with fewer measurements where mass balances are less negative, accounts for about 50 mm a−1 of underestimate. This figure derives from spatial interpolation based on global data on ice extent and on an analysis of correlations between balance time series. The correlogram shows exponential decay, the scale length being about 600 km. The largest bias is due to a newly detected dependence of mass balance on glacier size. Among the 231 measured glaciers, many are small and belong to a restricted size range in which balance is negative, but much of the small-glacier extent is accounted for by larger glaciers in a size range where balance is indistinguishable from zero. Correcting for this size bias increases the average balance to –35 ± 89 mm a−1. Inspection of time series for 1940–95 (251 glaciers) shows that mass balance was least negative during the 1960s, and has varied in broad agreement with Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies; smaller small glaciers (A < 16 km2) appear to be more sensitive than larger small glaciers to changes in thermal forcing. The small-glacier contribution to sea-level rise implied by this assessment is only 0.06–0.32 mm a−1, consistent with glaciers in general making little or no contribution to sea-level change during 1961–90.
A new technique for characterizing the structure of firn and bubbly ice is presented. This technique, based on observation of etched (sublimation) surfaces in coaxial reflected light, enables une to see simultaneously the pore network of the firn or bubbles in the ice and the crystal boundaries. At the same time, the main stages of image processing used to transform the initial photographs into clean binary images are described.
McCall Glacier has the only long-term mass-balance record in Arctic-Alaska. Average annual balances over the periods 1958–72 and 1972–93 were –15 and –33cm, respectively; recent annual balances (1993–96) are about –60 cm, and the mass-balance gradient has increased. For an Arctic glacier, with its low mass-exchange rate, this marks a significant negative trend.
Recently acquired elevation profiles of McCall Glacier and ten other glaciers within a 30 km radius were compared with topographic maps made in 1956 or 1973. Most of these glaciers had average annual mass balances between –25 and –33 cm, while McCall Glacier averaged –28 cm for 1956–93, indicating that it is representative of the region. In contrast, changes in terminus position for the different glaciers vary markedly. Thus, mass-balance trends in this region cannot be estimated from fractional length changes at time-scales of a few decades.
We developed a simple degree-day/accumulation mass-balance model for McCall Glacier. The model was tested using precipitation and radiosonde temperatures from weather stations at Inuvik, Canada, and Barrow, Kaktovik and Fairbanks, Alaska, and was calibrated with the measured balances. The Inuvik data reproduce all measured mass balances of McCall Glacier well and also reproduce the long-term trend towards more negative balances. Data from the other stations do not produce satisfactory model results. We speculate that the Arctic Front, oriented east–west in this region, causes the differences in model results.
Based on glacier mass-balance records collected, compiled and published by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), an attempt is made here to determine whether there were abrupt decadal-scale changes in annual balance on glaciers in the Tien Shan Mountains. There appears to have been an abrupt change in the mid-1970s; two-thirds of the change was caused by an increase in annual ablation and the other one-third by a decrease in the annual accumulation. Thus, the change was caused mainly by a summer-temperature increase, supplemented by a decrease in annual snowfall. Climate records suggest that this event, in effect, is in response to a shift hi the background state of the coupled Ocean -atmosphere system over the Tropical Pacific during the mid-1970s.
During the 1991 94 summer held seasons, time-correlated measure-merits of water pressure and surface speed were made over and down-glacier from a major riegel on Storglaciären, Sweden. Measurements were made at sub-hourly time-scales in order to discern details in the diurnal cycle. Large water-input events, typically associated with rain storms, produced coherent, lagged surface-velocity responses that could be understood in terms of till deformation or decoupling, and these have been discussed elsewhere. The consequences of smaller diurnal water-pressure events w ere more enigmatic, in that acceleration of ice flow generally preceded the onset of the local water-pressure rise. From consideration of these data and other work done on the hydrology of Storglaciären, we infer that the ice in this area is generally pushed from behind via a relaxation in extensional strain across the riegel. Hence, accelerations occur in response to increases in water pressure that occur up-glacier and that precede local water-pressure rises. In addition, following a period of large storm events, surface speeds became more spatially coherent and were in phase with the diurnal water-pressure cycle. This suggests that the large water-pressure events lead to a spatially more homogeneous subglacial drainage system. Sliding laws need to take into account such temporal changes in spatial coherence of the subglacial drainage system.
A three-dimensional, finite-difference model based on a first-order solution of the ice-flow equations is applied to Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. The numerical model successfully converges at horizontal resolutions down to 70 m, so a number of detailed comparisons with field data can be made. Modelled surface velocities with no basal sliding component are compared with surface velocities observed on the glacier over four different time periods. The best fit is achieved with over-winter surface velocities (R2 = 0.75) using a rate factor, A, in Glen's flow law of 0.063 a−1 bar−3. Surface zones of maximum computed effective stress display a high level of coincidence with observed crevassing, the orientation of which is successfully predicted by the direction of the tensile component of the computed principal surface stress. Comparison of the relative magnitude and direction of computed principal stresses with principal strains measured at the ice surface also correspond closely. In an attempt to simulate the observed annual velocity distribution within a cross-section of the glacier tongue, we incorporate two basal-motion patterns into the model. By treating net annual ice motion as a time-weighted composite of three separate flow situations: normal sliding, enhanced sliding and no sliding, we are able to reproduce the key features of the observed cross-sectional ice and basal slip velocity distributions. These experiments indicate there may be substantial decoupling taking place along an elongated narrow zone at the bed of Haut Glacier d'Arolla and that this decoupling interacts in a complex manner with the englacial stress and strain field.
Under idealized conditions, when pressurized water has access to all low-pressure areas at the glacier bed, a sliding instability exists at a critical pressure, pc, well below the overburden pressure, p0. The critical pressure is given by , where l is the wave length and a is the amplitude of a sinusoidal bedrock, and T is the basal shear stress. When the subglacial water pressure, pw, approaches this critical value, the area of ice-bed contact, △l, becomes very small and the pressure on the contact area becomes very large. This pressure is calculated from a force balance and the corresponding rate of compression is obtained using Glen's flow law for ice. On the assumption that compression in the vicinity of the contact area occurs over a distance of the order of the size of this area, Δl, a deformational velocity is estimated. The resultant sliding velocity shows the expected instability at the critical water pressure. The dependency on other parameters, such as wavelength l and roughness a/l, was found to be the same as for sliding without bed separation.
A one-dimensional time-dependent flowline model of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, has been used to test the glacier's response to climatic warming. Mass-balance variations over the last 100 years are obtained from observations of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) and a reconstruction of the ELA based on a statistical correlation between temperature and ELA. For the period prior to AD 1882, for which no reliable climate data exist, we chose equilibrium-line altitudes that enabled us to simulate accurately the glacier length from AD 1602.
The model simulates the historical glacier length almost perfectly and glacier geometry very well. It underestimates glacier-surface velocities by 1-18%. Following these reference experiments, we investigated the response of Rhonegletscher to a number of climate-change scenarios for the period AD 1990-2100. For a constant climate equal to the 1961-90 mean, the model predicts a 6% decrease in glacier volume by AD 2100. Rhonegletscher will retreat by almost 1 km over the next 100 years at this scenario. At a warming rate of 0.04 K a-1, only 4% of the glacier volume will be left by AD 2100.
Kongsvegen is a 102 km2 sub-polar (polythermal) surge-type glacier in northwest Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It surged just before 1948 and is currently in its quiescent phase. Measurements of surface geometry since 1966 show a retreat of the front and strong thinning of up to 75 m in the ablation area, and a build-up of up to 32 m in the accumulation area. Present-day annual velocities along the glacier are low, from 1.4 up to 3.6 m a-1. The measured mean net balance for the period 1987-94 and the balance reconstructed back to 1967 show a weak positive balance of about 0.1 m w.e. The measured actual ice flux is low and the mass transfer down-glacier at the ELA is only about 3-20% of that required for steady state. Thus, the glacier is building up towards a new surge. The total thickening rate on Kongsvegen is somewhat higher than in other cases from Svalbard, but it is small compared with other well-studied surge-type glaciers in Alaska and the Pamirs. This relatively low rate of change is a function of the low accumulation rate and the relatively cold climate compared to other areas and is common for surge-type glaciers in Svalbard.


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Projected 2009 depth chart
QB: Domenic Natale (RS-SR 6'2, 210 lbs), Jabulani Lovelace (RS-SR 6'2, 215 lbs), D.C. Jefferson (RS-FR 6'6, 245 lbs) OR Tom Savage (FR 6'5, 230 lbs)
Amazing, ain't it? Last year at this time, the emerging media consensus was that Mike Teel was a bum, his fleeting success solely an incidental by-product of a talented supporting cast. You think his Facebook wall took some abuse? That's nothing compared to the beating he took from across the country before getting off to an awful start last fall. Now Teel is in Seattle, Peter King and Todd McShay be damned, and the worm has turned.
"How will Rutgers ever replace its record setting quarterback and universally acknowledged team leader", the prognosticators ask.
"We'll do what we did in 2006, run the ball, and emphasize a short passing game", respond the Scarlet partisans.
Well, that would be the best case scenario, but nobody really knows for certain. Mike Teel took nearly every snap last season, and Jabu Lovelace saw limited action during the preceeding two seasons. As far as in-game snaps, there's very little to go on. In theory, I understand the reasoning in sticking with Mike Teel through thick and thin last year. He was the starter, the coaching staff saw how everyone looked in practice, and presumably, their goal is always to give the team its best chance of winning.
What I don't get is the hesitancy to give a Dom Natale snaps under center when Rutgers was ahead by multiple touchdowns. The coaching staff knows how he looked in practice, but there's no substitute for real in-game experience. Getting Teel his place in the RU record book is admirable, but that goal is by far trumped by putting the team in a better position to win next year. Natale should have played more last year.
Everyone forgets now that Natale was a high profile QB in high school, originally spurning Rutgers for Michigan State. He soon transferred home, and ended up missing the 2007 season with an arm injury. The injury set back his development. He was buried on the depth chart behind Teel, Jabu Lovelace, and Chris Paul-Etienne entering last season, but benefitted from Lovelace's injury, and CPE landing in the doghouse.
In terms of the skills Natale brings to the table, he doesn't have a lot of zip on the ball. His arm isn't quite as bad as Ryan Hart's, but you wonder whether the injury sapped him of some arm strength. That's quite an adjustment considering that most of the program's recent QBs since Hart's graduation have possessed strong arms. Lacking arm strength doesn't necessarily equate to an ability to throw bombs when necessary; it means that those "10 yard" outs, which are actually more like 30 yards when you take into account moving back in the pocket, and the distance from the tackle box to the sidelines. It will be easier for defensive backs to jump Natale's throws, but he also will be less prone to the overthrows that always plagued Teel.
A rich man's Hart isn't a terrible comparison. Add in a little more height, a somewhat stronger arm, and some decent maneuverability in the pocket.
He can run. He can move. Rutgers can float the pocket with him. He ran for a first down on a fourth and two.
Natale is by no means a mobile QB, but he can scramble to avoid pressure, and get a first down here and there. All of these assumptions rest on practice and camp reports, but Dom is supposed to have decent scrambling skills, and is more accurate with his throws than Teel. When thinking of similar players, the best case scenario would be something along the lines of what Tyler Palko did in Pittsburgh a few years ago.
The worst would be Tyler Lorenzen for UConn last season, a signal caller so ineffective (owing in no small part to UConn's terrible receiving corps) that Donald Brown frequently faced eight and nine defenders in the box. If Natale can produce something like Lorenzen's 2007 though; something like 2,500 yards passing, 300 rushing, a positive TD/INT ratio, and an ability to scramble for critical first downs, that would be acceptable. Given the uncertainty facing the position entering fall camp, would everyone be on board in signing up for that?
Dom has to protect the football, run a little play action, and keep the defense honest enough for the running game to be effective. He may not have to win games, but not throwing them away will be critical. The best case scenario is that Rutgers dusts off the Hart playbook. Involve the TE and the backs a lot with short passes, run the ball down opponents' throats, and use the occasional bomb to Brown when necessary. This plan will be a lot easier if a reliable possession WR emerges in camp.
Natale bested redshirt freshmen D.C. Jefferson and Steve Shimko (Jabu Lovelace was recovering from an injury) in spring practice, although he didn't do much to seize the job. Admittedly, the sessions were plagued with bad weather, and a green WR corps was further thinned by injuries. One reason for optimism was the emergence of freshmen receiver Mohamed Sanu near the end of spring practice. The spring game was held under much nicer environmental conditions, and Natale actually looked pretty good.
Odds are that Jabu Lovelace will see the second most snaps at the position this year. The fanbase has kind of a love/hate relationship with Jabu. On one hand, all accounts indicate that he's very smart, personable, and a great teammate. In fact, that's why his chances of playing this fall are much higher than most of us are comfortable admitting. Even his critics will acknowledge that Lovelace is very talented; in an option offense, or playing another position, he could be more than effective. Jabu has a cannon for an arm, better than Teel's, and is a terrific scrambler.
The downside is why Knight fans are so nervous about the possibility of Jabu lining up center. Rutgers isn't West Virginia. True, Lovelace has the arm to get the ball to receivers streaking downfield. But in three years of taking snaps to this point, that's all we've ever seen him do when tasked with throwing instead of scrambling. I can't recall Jabu ever attempting, say, to go for the easy 8 yard curl for the first down. Mostly, he'd just come in the game to run a custom option package.
When Lovelace was throwing the ball, the former offensive coordinator John McNulty would accentuate his worst play calling tendencies, and always have Jabu air the ball downfield. Unfortunately, I cannot recall any of these passes even being in the near vicinity of their intended targets. Jabu, unfortunately, has never shown any semblance of accuracy in his very limited attempts at throwing the ball in game. As far as I know, the word out of practices over the past few years has been exactly the same thing.
It's difficult for me to criticize a player that strongly, just like it was to scapegoat Tiquan Underwood last season. It would be terrific for Lovelace to prove his many fans in the program correct and silence all the critics. It's unfortunate that his talents aren't utilized to their fullest extent in his current role. Lovelace will contribute and help the team this fall by providing a different, option-based look for a series or two each game. He will also provide sorely needed valuable depth at a position of uncertainty. If Lovelace can emerge as a viable starting quarterback this year, more power to him. I hope that he proves me wrong.
Another player that will be given an opportunity to battle for playing time this fall is redshirt freshman D.C. Jefferson. It's easy to forget that before Tom Savage drove up to the turnpike, it was Jefferson who was seen as the program's quarterback of the future. He is listed at a physically imposing 6'6 and 245 lbs, and is reputed to have, by far, the strongest arm in the program. He's huge, but a surprisingly good athlete to boot.
The knock on Jefferson at this point is that he's raw, and didn't show much in the way of accuracy last fall or in spring practice.
Kid's got a cannon attached to his shoulder, no question. But you don't want him replacing Mike Teel. Why? Because the same velocity and power he puts behind a 50-yard bomb, he puts on a 5-yard pass.
What freshman quarterback doesn't need to show significant improvement? The position is known for having a huge bust rate, and even the better ones may not make the leap until their sophomore or junior seasons. In that sense, redshirting last season was a no-brainer, and the best thing that could have happened to Jefferson. Don't be set on writing him off just yet, because D.C. could conceivably make the leap at any time. Savage is the local kid, the presumed heir and face of the program, and he's the better story, but the two are neck and neck as far as I'm concerned. Anyone writing Jefferson off at this point is making a terrible mistake.
However, fellow redshirt freshman Stephen Shimko is largely the forgotten man going into camp. Coach Schiano barely mentions him in comparison to Savage and Jefferson. Shimko, too, is big, and has a lot of arm strength, but that's about it. Everything I read about him in 2007 indicated that he was even more of a project than Jefferson, and largely signed for depth purposes. Shimko hasn't done anything in the past year to make people pay attention. Who knows at this point.
I think that everything I can about Tom Savage at this point would be redundant. I spent more time over the past year writing about him than any other incoming recruit, and you can say the same about anyone remotely following the program. Odds are, the star Philadelphia prep quarterback will battle with Jefferson this fall to see which will be on the odds-on favorite to start in 2010. If not, do I dare say it, take over later this year. I don't want expectations to be too high for Savage, because it's very difficult for even the best quarterback prospects to step in right away.
Savage is a film nut, was a fixture at spring practice (his high school didn't allow him to enroll early), and came to Piscataway as early as possible. If any freshman was ever equipped to see early playing time, it's him. I share everyone's hopes here; Savage emerging as the face of the program, bringing the football program to the next level, and so on. But that level of expectations isn't necessarily realistic. They're not fair to Jefferson, and they're not fair to Savage. At this moment, Savage is just one of eighty five, and will have to earn his playing time as anyone else would.
There's no bones about it; coupled with inexperience at the WR position (I think Tim Brown can get downfield, but who will be the possession guy?), Rutgers fans should be awfully nervous about their passing game entering fall camp. No one can really say whether or not Natale or one of his competitors will be up for the task, because they simply haven't seen enough meaningful snaps to this point. This group could end up being fine, or utterly falling flat on their face. It's by no means a good situation; below average, even. Natale may never live to the hype from his days at Hun. If he can manage the offense (re: adequately well, not being a turnover machine is as far from "game managing" as one can possibly get), limit his mistakes, put the team in a good position to win, and prep his eventual successor to start next season, that's all, if not more, than can reasonably be asked of him at this point.

subset: commoncrawl


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Investments in Digital X-Ray Imaging Pay Off for Patients, Hygienists, and Dentists
Over centuries and even millennia, dentistry has evolved through some pretty tough tools to get to where we are today. The process of innovation has speeded up over the past decade or so, and things have gotten really good.
We're determined to stay at the forefront without adding risk. That's why we're constantly reviewing, evaluating, and investing at the right time. We believe in bringing the latest developments to our patients as soon as evidence shows that they're proven. Once the science says it's time, we do not hesitate to invest in the upgrades that can make your experience better, easier, more comfortable, faster, or maybe more affordable.
Some of our patients notice and are curious enough to ask questions about new dental technology. Others just prefer to keep their minds off the dental work and focus on things like catching us up on what's happening in their lives. We're happy either way, but we thought that everyone might be interested in learning just a little bit more about the latest technologies we've already adopted in our office.
We'll share details on four technologies. This month, we're talking about digital x-ray imaging.
Dental X-Rays in the Recent Past
Before we get to what's new, we thought we should remind you where we came from. Everyone remembers the uncomfortable cardboard pieces that we needed not so long ago to get x-ray images of our teeth.
The hygienist would place them carefully and ask you to bite down and hold them there while he or she went into the other room to take the picture. This would be repeated numerous times to get images of the whole mouth. This process was uncomfortable — even painful at times — for most patients, especially those with smaller mouths, like children. It also caused many patients to gag, which made it very difficult to get a good image, and sometimes we needed to redo them.
After the images were captured, they needed to be processed in a dark room, just like the photographs we look at in our family albums. That took time, which meant the patient had to sit and wait before the dentist could see the images and give them a full report on their dental health.
In a time when we can virtually try things on, paint a room, or place furniture, you'd expect this process to be easier too. And you'd be right!
The Latest in Digital X-Ray Imaging Technology
Just like the cameras in our smartphones and the GPS in our cars, x-ray imaging technology is now digital. Digital x-ray imaging is faster, easier, and more comfortable for everyone involved – the patient, the hygienist, and the dentist!
The digital version does not require those uncomfortable cardboard pieces. That means no more pinching, poking, or gagging. When the patient is more comfortable, we're not only more comfortable but also much more likely to get the right image on the first try.
It's also easier because we don't need to leave the room, and there's literally no processing time – the image goes straight to our computer screen! The pictures are ready and waiting before the dentist even steps into the room. Amazingly, the images are better and they don't even cost more than the old way.
We've shared before that many people worry and/or ask about the risk of radiation from dental x-rays. We always reassure them that the exposure is minimal, but now it's even less. Digital x-rays reduce radiation by 10–20 times compared to the old method!
On top of the improvements to regular dental x-ray imaging, we also now have the capability to do 3D x-ray imaging here in Romeoville! That's a huge benefit when it's time to place implants. It allows us to do surgically guided implant placement and avoid hurting a nerve, a blood vessel, or sinuses in the soft tissue around the implant.
So there are no two ways about it. That's a lot of good news for all of us. If you haven't experienced the new way of taking dental x-ray images yet, that means it's high time to come in for a checkup.
To schedule your visit now, complete our contact form, or call our office at 815-886-0875.


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Keto coffee creamers are merchandise related to an eating type referred tо as the ketogenic دریافت رژیم کتوژنیک رایگان diet. Despite tһe fact tһat tһe keto diet will bе beneficial f᧐r some individuals, there aгe alѕo dangers associated wіth thе weight loss program. Ƭhere may be a chance tһat, regardless οf hoԝ closely thе food regimen іs followed, it may not work foг some children. Ιt's a convenient means to watch diabetes аlong with monitoring blood sugar (glucose) ranges, especially ԝhen the glucose levels ɑre high and there iѕ a risk оf DKA. Ꭺt the guts of tһis problem lies a pervasive belief, even among integrative practitioners, tһat ketogenic plans are inherently inferior to people wһo stress tһe significance of ɑ "balanced diet." Ƭhis present nutrition paradigm ought tօ be гe-evaluated wіthin the context of tһe body of evidence pointing tߋ ɑn underlying mechanism common t᧐ mоst disease states: particularly, tһat epigenetic modifications іn gene expression induced Ƅy an overabundant supply of glucose contribute tο a broad spectrum ߋf conditions, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, ɑnd neurodegenerative disease.
Ꭲhe low-carb diet pattern һas beеn аround for a couple of years noᴡ.
Ketogenic diet complications іs a common drawback thаt keto dieters face. It's ɑbout time ѡe created а giant listing of keto products ԝe love and recommend. Ӏn our opinion, good keto merchandise mսst be eitһer tasty, handy, nutritious, or аⅼl three. Fօr tһe past three years, we've been creating keto recipes, publishing low-carb cookbooks, ɑnd reviewing products ߋn YouTube. Тhe low-carb diet pattern һas been around for a couple of years now. Low carb mind fog is a feeling ᧐f confusion, drowsiness, oг lack of psychological focus thаt can occur аfter starting ɑ low-carb weight loss program. Learn mοre: Ꮤhat is Low Carb Flu, or Keto Flu? Low carb eating regimen may assist іn bettering memory as people ᴡho ɑre following tһis weight-reduction plan tend tⲟ eat better, take care of tһemselves, ɑnd scale back tһe likelihood of depression ɑs well aѕ neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Тhey сan Ƅe attributable to various things ⅼike dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, аnd lack of minerals foᥙnd іn fruits ɑnd vegetables. This da ta w as cre ated with the he lp of GSA Cont ent Gene rator DE MO .
Тhe tremendous low ᴡeb carb depend may mɑke this appear like a wonderful choice fоr keto, howеver its sorely lacking in far whіch implies youre going to be left hungry. Thіs implies they ɗon't contribute mаny carbs to your wһole each day carb intake. Τhe juice of just fοur kale leaves incorporates mⲟre than 100% of the really helpful daily intake ߋf vitamin C. It's alsⲟ loaded ᴡith tһe carotenoids lutein. Ƭhis condition іs alѕo being seen extra oftеn. Excellent Keto is understood for being just that, excellent! As yoᥙ quick on tһe keto diet, your physique haѕ tо make սse of іts shops of fat, reasonably tһan what you just ate, tо fuel itself, which wiⅼl aid you lose evеn more weight and fats quicker tһan while yoᥙ eat three times ɑ day on the keto diet. Ꭲhey use high quality elements аnd make a variety of products from exogenous ketones to grass fed collagen.
Вut, many individuals don't know – һow long doeѕ іt take tⲟ gеt into ketosis?
Probably uses tһe perfect elements. Ⅿany foods labelled 'low-fat' include tһese artificial ingredients. І began wіth so fеw foods because I used to be determined to discover wһich foods, in addition tο starch, һave bеen causing me pain. Ӏn case уou might be new to the keto diet plan, ѕome foods are reasonably ketogenic, οthers wіll not Ьe. Identified fоr tһeir delicious аnd nutritious keto cereal Catalina Crunch іs main the game іn cereal and keto product innovation. Catalina Crunch іs tһe most filling keto cereal. Ꮃe know ԝhich keto merchandise ɑre nice, аnd which ones are a waste of calories. If you're goal is weight reduction Ьut үou can't appear tⲟ ѕtop eating keto snacks, attempt tһe Catalina Crunch excessive fiber keto Oreos, simply ninetʏ calories аnd 5 internet carbs peг tᴡo cookies! Тhey don't overeat, sо they don't һave to maintain shut watch of tһeir calories. But, mɑny individuals don't know – һow long does it take to get into ketosis? It's not a giant deal аnd it's easy to keep away from іf you recognize what causes tһem and how to prevent them. Thаt means, you'll be able tо KNOW whether yоu need to persist ԝith a keto smoothie recipe tһat has 4g web carbs, or if you can handle one wіth 10g! Post has been gener ated wi th GSA C onte nt Generator DEMO .


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FemSMA Experimentation Platform Documentation
[Show all]
[Hide all]
The FemSMA Experimentation Platform is a tool for training and evaluating models that predict the gender of the author of a (short) text based on features extracted from a training corpus. It works on texts that are stored in the FemSMA database and employs the same tokenization and token feature generation mechanisms as the FemSMA Corpus Workbench, so for database details, token feature descriptions etc. refer to the
Corpus Workbench Documentation
as well.
Training and evaluating a model involves the following steps:
Selection of the classification features to be used by the model
Selection of a set of texts to be used as training (and test) set
Creation of the training (and test) set
Training and evaluating the model
Selection of classification features
Classification features are grouped into
Character based features
Token distribution based features
Token category based features
Token type based features
Part-of-speech features
Sentiment features
Sentiment distribution features
LIWC category features
Pronoun distribution features
Other features
Most of them are percentages, e.g. Words of a certain category in percent of the total number of words in that posting. A full description (dynamically generated) of all currently available features can be found
Selection of the training set
The combined training and test set must be selected from the database by
restricting the user
restricting the resource
restricting the markup
restricting the content
Creation of the training and the test set
After selecting the classification features and the combined training/test set the actual input files for the learning modules are to be written, and the percentage of test data to be retained has to be selected (default: 10%). As a result of training file generation a description of the selected features along with descriptive statistics and highlighting of significant features is displayed. In particular, mean and standard deviation of all features for both subgroups (female and male) are displayed, and, as a measure of the effect this feature has for distinguishing between the female and male cases,
is shown (only if there is some significant effect!). Cf.
Newman, M.L., C.J. Groom, L.D. Handelman, and J.W. Pennebaker. 2008. Gender differences in language use: An analysis of 14,000 text samples. Discourse Processes 45:211-246
, Table 1 for a similar breakdown of main effects of gender on language use.
Training and Evaluation of the model
Currently, two learning algorithms are available, a support vector machine and a decision tree.
SVM model
The SVM engine used is
LIBLINEAR -- A Library for Large Linear Classification
. The 'C' parameter of LibLinear can be adjusted (default: 1). As a result of training/testing, the output of LibLinear is displayed (together with the confusion matrix).
Decision Tree model
The algorithm used is
YaDT: Yet another Decision Tree builder
. The adjustable parameter is the minimum number of instances that is required for a node to be split (default: 10, larger values result in a more general tree, smaller values may lead to overfitting).
As a result, confusion matrices on the training data and on the test data are displayed, along with the decision tree.
A visual representation of the decision tree is built from YaDT's XML output via XSLT, the different nodes are colored according to the ratio of F and M instances covered (100% F is red, 100% M is blue), branches can be opened and closed for inspection.
Available Classification Features
These are the currently available features


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Coaching services
Unlike other coaching programs, I do not use a cookie cutter approach. My process starts from scratch with each client. I help develop a coaching program that allows you achieve your desired goals. This is a highly personalized process that is tailored specifically to each client's needs. Because of this approach, coaching clients need to be seriously committed in both their effort and investment in themselves.
The Awakening
What if the way you see the world is creating the reality you are experiencing? In this 4-month program, we will reset and upgrade your mindset through weekly group coaching sessions and targeted lessons.
VIP Mindset Transformation
You know more is possible and you have even greater things you are being called to do. To reach the next level, it's time to transform the mindset that is holding you back to create the new outcomes you are ready to welcome in.


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There is some form of dissidence brewing within the BJP in Tripura. The party's condition observer Vinod Kumar Sonkar arrived on Saturday for a 3-working day take a look at in get to type out the variations within just the social gathering. Through his stop by, some persons touted to be BJP supporters by the media lifted slogans this sort of as 'Biplab hatao, BJP bachao' in opposition to the CM Biplab Deb.
There is only just one dilemma with that headline nonetheless. There appears to be circumstantial evidence to counsel that persons affiliated with the CPI(M), the main opposition party in the point out, ended up present there at the spot. The formal Facebook webpage of CPI(M) Tripura went reside with visuals of the protests from Biplab Deb with over 2 and a 50 % hours of footage.
Therefore, it appears particularly very likely that people affiliated with the CPI(M) have been existing there to capture the scene and if they ended up there to seize the scene, it is completely within the realm of opportunities that the protests noticed participation from the CPI(M) as perfectly.
Resources near to the Main Minister informed us that the CPI(M) told us that they suspect that men and women from opposition functions ended up also current at the spot. Commenting on the dissidence within just the occasion, they explained to us that the dissident MLAs on their own are politicians who experienced jumped ship from the opposition events to sign up for the BJP.
A different declare that was built by the dissident MLAs is that they have assistance from 25 MLAs from the BJP. Resources shut to CM Biplab Deb, on the other hand, rubbished these statements. They advise that the dissident MLAs range at 5 or 6 at the most. The dissident MLAs are mostly all those with Congress backgrounds. Sudip Roy Burman, the MLA thought to be main the dissidence, is the son of the last Congress leader to have served as the Chief Minister in the condition in advance of the Left entrance stormed to ability in 1993.
CM Biplab Deb also appears to have finish help from the central leadership of the get together. The resources reported, "Chief Ministers are selected maintaining in head selected aspects. Glance at the record of the BJP. Are CM faces generally adjusted? When someone is built the CM, a large amount of aspects are regarded as. So, of study course, Biplab Deb has the assistance of the central leadership."
The BJP also does not feel that there is any risk to its federal government in Tripura. Even if an endeavor is produced to leap ship, then the dissident MLAs may well stand to get rid of their membership from the Assembly, which will give the bash more than enough strength to proceed to continue to be in governance. Matters have not almost escalated to that place as however and it is quite likely that the dispute will be settled quickly with an expansion of the cupboard.


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A 45-year-old woman and her son got burn injuries when a thunderbolt hit their house on the ground floor of a three-storey building in a residential area in Bansdroni on Saturday morning.
Ananya Biswas was sipping her morning tea in the living room and her son Suryananshu Narayan Biswas, 18, was sleeping with his face tucked out of the blanket when the lightning struck the flat at K-102, Kamdahari Bosepara in Bansdroni.
Ananya received burn injuries on her face and hair while her son received relatively minor burn injuries on his face, police said.
Ananya's elderly father Alok Kumar Dutta, who was sleeping in another room escaped unhurt.
Ananya's husband Subham Narayan Biswas, who runs a business, was at Dankuni for work when the incident happened.
Both mother and son were first taken to Baghajatin State General Hospital from where Suryananshu was discharged and his mother was shifted to SSKM Hospital.
Suryananshu, a first year BCom student of St Xavier's college later said he heard a "very loud sound" and woke up with a jolt to see a flash of light passing through his room. "My blanket cover got burnt and a portion of my face was scalded. My grandfather escaped unhurt as he was completely covered with a blanket. Only his wooden bed got damaged."
Neighbours said they were "stunned" when Ananya came out of her house screaming for help.
Ananya is attached with the insurance desk of a private company. She was about to get ready for office when the incident happened around 7.30am.
"I heard a very loud sound and seconds later I heard my neighbour scream for help," said a neighbour.
Kolkata has witnessed accidents involving death of people standing in the open during a thunderstorm. However, lightning injuring people inside their homes has left many scared and insecure.
Forensic experts however said this was not an unusual incident. "It could be a case of faulty earthing. Lightning is nothing but a high voltage discharge. If there is proper earthing, the voltage is conducted by the ground. Else it creates a short circuit through any good conductor on its way," said a forensic expert.
As most of the electrical equipment or combustible articles that a lightning comes across are incapable of handling such a high voltage discharge, they burn and get damaged, the expert added.
"A human body is no exception," he said.
Ananya, who has been admitted in the burn ward of SSKM hospital, was "stable" on Saturday evening, a hospital official said.
A police officer, who had examined the house after the incident, said the lightning had followed a trail.
It entered the house through a window in the rear and came out through the front smashing windows, burning curtains and breaking furniture inside the house, he added.
Elderly person dies in store room fire
A 72-year-old woman was found dead with burn injuries inside a store room with a tin shed that caught fire in Netaji Nagar after 12.30pm on Saturday.
Bakul Adhikary, a resident of Vidyasagar Colony, was trapped inside the store room near her home. Police said it was not clear why the elderly woman had gone into the store room.
Adhikary's family has told the police she was mentally unsound. The cops are yet to verify this.
Two fire tenders doused the flames. The cause of the fire was yet to be ascertained till Saturday evening.
( By Our Special Correspondent )


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Food Around Me: The visitors would not just meet up with awesome people residing beside the fresh gushing river , but willalso enjoy the several other adventures this location has to offer. Scenic sightseeing , finding out how to fish at the river and lots of other tourist sights. In case you're a food lover , then an incredible dining choice is available.
In Sault Ste . Marie , probably the best restaurants to eat is North 82. Not only North 82 is well known for regional food item like steak , but even offers American and Canadian cuisines which are well worth savoring. Open for lunch , dinner and late-night meal , North 82 is a must-try being a tourist.
North 82 Restaurant For Best Food Alternatives
Steak and Seafood
North 82 is particularly well known for cooking yummy steaks and seafood. If in case you have a love for these , then you will certainly relish the distinctive taste provided by North 82. You have a great variety of drinks also , to enjoy with these exoticmeals. Your family and friends will always remember the superb treat they had here.
Popular Vacation Spot
For years , the city of Sault Ste . Marie has been welcoming vacationers from all around the world. North 82 holds great pride in being among the most visited dining places in the city by these tourists. The tourists take pleasure in every bite of their preferred food served here. The restaurant presents a tourist-friendly feel for the people with a penchant for expedition in regards to food.
Sunday Brunches
Make your Sundays relaxing and yummy with North 82's Sunday brunch menu.
Food Around Me: North 82 provides a very comfortable environment to suitfamily time. Whether it is a magnificent family occasion or it is a family of four members , this place is simply the right option for memorable experiences to be appreciated forever. If you are organizing a birthday party or simply an official evening meal or a noon-time meal for your clients , you can plan it in our party rooms.
Fantastic Bar
Are you a big bunch of buddies holidaying to this city? North 82 is a good spot for beverages and lengthy chats.
Great Value
The menu at North 82 undoubtedly leaves its tourists mesmerized . Everyone definitely revels in his desired food here. All dishes are charged competitively. The proficient and professional chefs at the restaurant ensure their customers get full worth for their money therefore they offer the best of food together with awesomeservice.
Excellent Customer Support
All the personnel at North 82 is trained and professional in making people feel welcomed and comfortable. The restaurant welcomes many visitors , so it ensures that their team is experienced to welcome and serve them aptly.
The city of Sault Ste . Marie offers one among the amazing dining options like North 82. North 82 not just provides the most delectable dishes , but offers you a neat and warm environment also. Try our menu today and fall for us . Food Around Me The Tastiest in Sault Ste. Marie ON call (705) 759-8282


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How to Turn a Website Into a Linux Desktop App Using Nativefier
You probably visit a particular website several times a day while working. Doing so requires you to open a browser, type in the URL, and then the website finally loads. What if you could turn the website into an app that you can launch from your Linux desktop by just double-clicking?
As it turns out, you can create a standalone Linux app for a website using a command-line utility called Nativefier. Here's how to do that.
How to Install Nativefier on Linux
First, you need to install NPM and Nativefier on your system. To install NPM, check out our detailed guide on installing NPM on Linux.
With NPM configured, now it's time to install Nativefier. To do so, launch the terminal and issue the following command:
npm install -g nativefier
The -g flag stands for global and commands NPM to install the package globally.
If your Linux distro supports snap, you can get the Nativefier snap package from the Snap Store using:
sudo snap install nativefier
Make sure you've snap installed on your system before running the above command. If not, you can refer to our guide on installing snap on Linux.
Arch users can download Nativefier from the Arch User Repository using Yay:
yay -S nodejs-nativefier
The snap and AUR repositories aren't regularly maintained, so it's recommended you install Nativefier using NPM.
Turning Websites Into Desktop Linux Apps
Using Nativefier is easy. To create a desktop app for a website, use the following command syntax:
nativefier "http://www.example.com"
By default, Nativefier will automatically assign an app name to the website. If you want your app to have a custom name, you can specify the same using the –name flag.
nativefier --name "Example Linux App" "www.example.com"
Nativefier will create a folder containing all the files necessary for the app. To get to the app file, use the cd command to navigate to the newly-created directory:
cd appdirname/
If you're unsure about the app directory name, you can list the contents of the parent directory using the ls command.
Nativefier automatically assigns execute permissions to the generated app file, so you don't have to. You can simply launch the executable using the following command syntax:
To get command-line help related to the utility, type:
nativefier --help
Why Turn Websites Into Desktop Apps?
Not everyone might need to create a desktop app for websites that they visit. But for those who have to frequently browse certain websites, even a few extra clicks can be a hindrance in the work. Therefore, to keep your productivity level high and ensure that you don't repeat the same action again and again, turning websites into desktop apps can be helpful.
It's the same as setting up hotkeys for specific operations or creating new shell aliases for lengthier commands on Linux. All in all, having an app you can launch straight from the desktop is convenient and can occasionally save you a few clicks. And in the long run, that's a lot of saved time.
Linux Is a Lot Better Than Other OSes
On Linux, you can be sure that if you don't like one aspect of your system, you can switch to another one. If opening your web browser and searching for a website frequently sounds tedious, you can go for the easier route and create a keyboard shortcut, or even better, a full-blown desktop app for the website using Nativefier.
There's a lot more you can do on Linux though. For example, you can schedule apps to run at certain times using crontab, create scripts that automatically change your wallpaper based on time, and install multiple desktop environments on a system. Some tasks are easily achieved on other operating systems like Windows, while the rest are exclusive to the Linux ecosystem.
10 Things You Can Do on Linux but Not on Windows
Read Next
About The Author
Deepesh Sharma
(113 Articles Published)
Deepesh is the Junior Editor for Linux at MUO. He writes informational guides on Linux, aiming to provide a blissful experience to all newcomers. Not sure about movies, but if you want to talk about technology, he's your guy.
via MUO – Feed https://ift.tt/iDOS8f6
March 20, 2022 at 03:07PM


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Most of Oakland was built before the first City of Pittsburgh zoning ordinance was approved in 1923. That means the existing conditions at the end of World War I guided the zoning rules and contributed to defining different land use categories and how they related to actual physical geography of the city. The current zoning ordinance is a modification of the 1923 ordinance.
The Color of Law discusses zoning as one of several US government policies and instruments that shaped land use in American cities in the 20th century. The main question when reading the chapters in The Color of Law: what role specifically did zoning play in segregation and exclusion of certain racial groups from home ownership? How did zoning ordinances – which are enacted by municipal and city governments – relate to policies enacted at the Federal level?
Starting with the zone in North Oakland you studied in Project 3.c. — see attached.
Comparing your zone with the current zoning that applies to the same part of the neighborhood:
Which buildings / parcels fall into which zoning categories? Are the parcels you studied part of a single zoning area or multiple zoning areas? Which ones?
Are there inconsistencies and exceptions when you compare the use of specific buildings and the uses authorized by the zoning map?
Compare your parcels with the Federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation [HOLC] map of (1937)
What was the state of your neighborhood deemed to be?
What were its "detrimental influences"?
What were its "favorable influences"?
Based on reading The Color of Law Before Renaissance:
What aspects of the built environment do zoning ordinances define?
How does zoning shape development?
What seem to be the guiding objectives of zoning?
How do those objectives create exclusions?
Introduction: overview of zoning in the Pittsburgh and the American context; how your studied zone of North Oakland from Project 3.c. fits into Pittsburgh zoning.
Part 1: referring to the Color of Law, discuss how zoning shaped the urban fabric of American cities and how zoning was used to achieve specific goals.
Part 2: referring to Before Renaissance, what were the objectives of zoning in Pittsburgh when the first ordinance was approved by City Council in 1923? How do those objectives relate to the issues described in the Color of Law? What are the points of contact between the analysis of zoning in Before Renaissance and The Color of Law? What issues are elaborated in The Color of Law that aren't covered in Before Renaissance?
Part 3: referring (1) the zone you researched in Oakland (2) the Federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation [HOLC] map of 1937 (3) the current zoning ordinance — what patterns of land use do you observe? What exceptions or "non-conforming uses" can be identified? How does the existing built environment you have studied – the pattern of buildings, the changes in height, building use, ownership, etc. – reveal the effects of zoning?
Conclusion: A key element of the analysis of zoning in The Color of Law and Before Renaissance is the emergence of zoning ordinances in the United States at a specific moment in time, guided by a small group of individuals. What characterizes those individuals and how are their objectives apparent in the built environment today?
Link to all sources and notes: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/11Gn3y2iQFxJc661rUbsSfX0Y_NE5QaHH


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REHOBOTH, 26 MAR – A man accused of allegedly stabbing his cousin to death at Gochas on Saturday made his first appearance in the Aranos Magistrate's Court on Monday.
Willem Kooper, 26, appeared in front of Magistrate Agatha Okamaru on a charge of murder.
It is alleged the 28-year-old Andries Kooper died after allegedly being stabbed by Willem Kooper at their home in the Hei-eib residential area on Saturday.
The accused was allegedly under the influence of alcohol when he got home and started arguing with the victim.
Andries Kooper was stabbed in the right side of his neck and died on the scene.
The matter has been remanded to 23 May for Kooper to apply for legal aid and for the police to conduct further investigations.
Kooper was denied bail and is being held at the Gochas holding cells.
Waomba Murangi represented the State.


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Company news
Feb 17, 2010
Barlborough NHS Treatment Centre will soon be welcoming its 20,000th patient through its doors. The hospital, which has been open for five years, provides high quality specialist orthopaedic care for the people of South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire.
The 20,000th patient will be due at the hospital during the first week of March and the Centre will be presenting a fabulous hamper to that particular patient. The Centre has recently been inundated with letters/cards and emails supporting the hospital and praising its services and care following its uncertain future.
Graeme Kendall, manager of Barlborough, said: "The Centre is especially proud of its staff and treatments that we provide to patients across the region. The feedback we receive from our patients is very much appreciated and we are very much looking forward to marking the occasion of welcoming the 20,000th patient to our hospital."
Run by an independent company with an impressive track record in patient care and clinical success, on behalf of the NHS for NHS patients only. It prides itself on providing the best patient care at its unique facility in friendly and comfortable surroundings. The Centre, which has never had a case of hospital acquired MRSA or C-difficile, is situated less than one mile from Junction 30 of the M1 which makes it very accessible and the parking is free.
The Centre is holding an OPEN DAY on SUNDAY 21st March 2010 from 10am-4pm. Please feel free to come along and meet surgeons, anaesthetists, centre staff and past patients. It will be a fantastic opportunity to see how welcoming the Centre is and you will be able to have a tour around the facility.
We are happy to arrange interviews with a range of experts, commentary on industry issues and site visits for filming, photography or sound recording. Please get in touch with your requirements and we will do our best to arrange a suitable response.
These contact details are for media enquiries only.
Please call 01206 517 215 or email email@example.com.


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Ikonika interview: "It just comes out like that."
Ikonika is really, really nice.
We chatted for about forty minutes on the phone a week or so ago, and she is interesting, charmingly giggly, self-depracating and has a brain that draws the most extraordinary links. Plus, she seemed, like all brilliant people, she's easy going when chatting and forthright, proud and even a little stubborn when it came to what she cares about.
This personal stuff is especially important with Ikonika because her music is remarkably personal. Even among the Hyperdub set – a bunch who make remarkably vivid, honest and expressionistic electronic music – her tracks seem less beats or even songs than audio carbon copies of her emotional state at the time or recording. Take Please , released in March 2008 and her most "dubstep-y" record, it's by turns melancholic, wistful and brazen and running throughout her chrome-sounding synths and pattering toms is a heart-wrenchingly emotional journey.
One thing she mentions a couple of times in the interview below is how subsciously she works and interacts with music. Her sound is pure, simple even, and that comes from how under-the-radar her influences are used and played upon. Interestingly, one theme running through the album is video games – the first song is called Ikonoklast (Insert Coin) and the penultimate one is Look (Final Boss Stage). As Tom Lea from Fact Magazine wisely pointed out when he spoke to her, video games are the first music that we really play for ourselves – like most people of a certain age and temperament, I had completed Sonic the Hedgehog several years before I bought my first CD and its dayglo, monophonic were heard before the age of listening, really,, and below the conscious register. I'd hazard a guess Ikonika is the same, and the beautiful, beautiful thing about her music is how she has managed to apply that native, unlistening ear to her own music. There are flashes of R+B, Garage in the textures and sound, as well as the hyperness of Bleep Techno and Dubstep's sonic spacing. Nu-metal also has a part to play, buried deep in the emotional force and fighting spirit of the record. It's really, really amazing.
So, how's everything going?
Yeah, good! the albums out, and the reviews are coming in, and most of them seem positive. Some of them are negative, but most seem to like it.
Yeah, I saw you retweeting a negative review of your album. Does criticism affect you much?
Yeah, a little bit. I put so much of myself into the album, so I can't taking it a bit personally when people having a dig it. So that was just my way of dealing with it and reminding people that I'm a real person. And brushing it off. Still, I love the varying reactions. It seems like I've got Marmite music – you either love it or you spit it out.
You used to be into metal and hardcore. Bit of a crude link here, I can hear a certain antagonistic sound in your music.
I'm not sure about influences. It's not conscious, they just mix and curdle away. There's those who wake up and go make a straight dubstep record or a straight techno record, but that's not for me. I'm don't really know what I'm doing to be honest. All I want to do is make music that makes me happy, and makes Kode9 happy.
Funny, everyone who I interview from Hyperdub calls Kode9 "Kode9." I would have presumed …
… We'd call him Steve? No, it's Kode, or 9. [Laughs] Or Uncle Kode. [Laughs] Daddy Kode.
There's a really nice simplicity that your music has. I wonder if that's to do with coming to electronic music from another background and not being clouded by this never-ending pool of influences?
I suppose I'm not drawing on a pool of influences, I'm drawing on my subcousious. I only really started thinking about this when I started doing interviews and you had to justify and explain what you were doing. The whole 16-bit Megadrive thing came from me telling a story about playing video games and listening to my sister's R&B when I was a kid. My music kind is just gathering these bits of childhood and adding bass to them! And then I got into hardcore and metal, and started drumming, which is where the percussive elements may come from, things that straight dubstep lacks. I suppose it's inevitable that my debut album is made up of my past – maybe the next one will be different.
Interesting that you mention straight dubstep – one of my questions was about how your sound runs against a lot of things that are going on in club music.
There are so many different sides to this whole "post-dubstep" scene and so much working out what we're doing, and maybe I'm just trying to hit the reset button. It's the thing about this whole jungle-garage-dubstep thing is that it's all about constant mutation, and I feel a bit like I'm a branch on my own. A stunted growth! Maybe someone will come along and take it further, maybe not.
There's also some specific things in your music that goes straight dubstep or wonky. I've always found straight dubstep very flat, very grey. And a lot of stuff that was coming out when you started was astoundingly un-emotional.
Yeah, a lot of that came from getting booked to play dubstep nights and getting bored with being paid to make the wobble crowd mosh and take ketamine. When I first heard dubstep, I was just floored by the power of the sound, but there's no colour and so much violence, which are the things that made stop listening to hardcore.
Plus, as you've mentioned elsewhere, your beats are incredibly metronomic and forward in the mix.
Yeah, with a lot of that wonky stuff the beats are allover the place, which comes from amazing things that Timbaland and Darkchild were doing in the late nineties. And I love that, it's just not me – I've got that steady drum built into me.
I suppose it's just the thing about this nebulous "post-dubstep" sound that's not any one set thing. We're all just a bit confused in London. People who were heavily influenced by dubstep but also understood Funky and grew up listening to R+B and Garage and make our music out of all these bits. Our music gets played at 2am and it seems to make sense then.
How does the life of a DJ affect your music?
I live at night! I work at night, make beats and sleep during the day. It gets really disorientating actually – you never know what city you're in because all dancefloors look the same. You get kind of hypnotised by the lights, and you do end up thinking … "Where am I again?"
I heard you talk about hallucinating during a Kode9 DJ set recently.
Yeah! It started when I listened to Glassjaw. That song, Siberian Kiss? It changed the way I felt about music. It made me just melt. And that's the feeling I got that time when I heard Kode9 play – he was just building and building and building and then it just dropped, and that shock just shook me. The green lights framing him and I just heard these echoes of old warehouse raves and I thought he was a being from outer space.
You DJ a great deal. Do you ever think about playing a more live set?
I do! I see DJing as my live show. I'm not just there to play some big tunes, I really seeing it as a way of expressing myself. In fact, whenever I play, my first songs are often quite aggressively different to the usual ones. Me and Kode have competitions about who can clear the dancefloor first! I'll get a text from him saying "I WIN!!!" and I'll write "No you haven't"
Ha! I often clear dancefloors when I DJ too. What are your tips to stop people dancing?
Cheesy R&B. Early Madonna does the trick as well. You've just got fly the flag, haven't you? Say to the crowd "This is where I'm going, hope you can come too."
Your songs are very close to R+B in their emotional weight as well s their sonic stuff, but don't feature vocals. Is there a definite idea to make your synths "sing?"
Personally I'm not that great at talking or that good socially, which is why I make music I suppose. Laptop music attracts loners really! Music really is our way of talking. And I do want to pack it full of melody and emotion but I write much more instinctually than anything as thought out as that, and melody is just how I express what's happening in my head. It just comes out like that.


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Professor Aylmer's doctoral thesis, 'Studies in the Institutions and Personnel of English Central Administration, 1625–1642', completed at Balliol College, Oxford, in 1954 under the supervision of R. H. Tawney, had a substantial impact in the field even before its publication as The King's Servants: the Civil Service of Charles I (1961). This pioneering work was followed by two further studies, The State's Servants (1973), and The Crown's Servants (2002), on the English Republic and Charles II:
'Aylmer's claim to historical eminence rests principally upon that trilogy. In it he described the institutional structure of government over more than half a century and the men (almost all were men) who ran it. Unlike many works of institutional history these volumes were saved from dryness by constant reference to the political and social circumstances of the day and by the presence of hundreds of individuals in their pages. They showed how offices were acquired and how their holders were rewarded; what was the social composition of the civil service in the different periods; what—so far as it can be estimated—was the impact of government upon the general population. Aylmer's work was not confined to the bureaucracy. He wrote two excellent surveys, The Struggle for the Constitution, 1603–1689 (1963) and Rebellion or Revolution? England, 1640–1660 (1986). He edited several books, notably The Levellers in the English Revolution (1975), a collection of texts that appealed to his own radical sympathies … He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Exeter and Manchester, both in 1991, and was honoured by a Festschrift edited by John Morrill, Paul Slack, and Daniel Woolf, Public Duty and Private Conscience in Seventeenth-Century England (1993)' (Penry Williams in ODNB)
An extensive collection of 17th- and 18th-century English books on history, law and politics, Professor Aylmer's library is a monument to the career of one of the great scholars of the period.
Highlights from the collection include rare English Civil War pamphlets, a 1698 first edition of Algernon Sidney's Discourses concerning Government, a justification of armed resistance to oppressive government which was a major influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States, and a copy of Samuel Purchas's compendium of voyages, Purchas his Pilgrimage, with annotations providing fascinating evidence of 17th-century reading habits.
Lyon & Turnbull's dedicated team of Rare Books, Manuscripts & Maps specialists have established an international reputation for their auctions, selling both through our UK auction house, and via live online auctions. Our specialists are experts not only on books and manuscripts, but also on current market conditions, an essential combination to the successful sale of fine antiquarian books, modern first editions, folios, autographed letters and important archives.
0131 557 8844
0131 557 8844


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Eugenia Krutova was born in 1988, in the town of Pushkino, moscow region, Russia. She graduated from the Moscow state academic art college in 2009 and from the Moscow state academic art institute named after v.i. surikov in 2016. Her graduation work included the linocut series. Eugenia has been taking part in different exhibitions since 2009. Her personal sketch exhibition was held in the "Ziferblat" cafe in Moscow in 2014. Eugenia has participated in the iii Kazan print Biennale in 2015. She also works as a painter.
Edition 2016


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This is a "wrecked ring" painting which simply means that after you pour in the traditional tree ring style you run a skewer through the rings to wreck it before you tilt it. If a tree ring pour doesn't come out as you hoped, this is then a good option to make something more interesting out of your painting.
My first attempt at a wrecked ring is pretty wild to my eyes. There's an obvious eye of a seahawk near the center, but there's a lot of other fantasy going on in here. Yet what I love about it the most is the beautiful patina look that the colors created when stretched.
This painting was poured on Johnny Mathis' album Killing Me Softly with His Song, released by Columbia Records in 1973.
The original album cover with a sleeve will be provided; be aware that most album covers aren't pristine but show wear-and-tear as they have been banging around for decades!
Vinyl LP albums make a great round substrate for paint pouring, and add yet another unique element to each painting. They are protected with an acrylic sealant. I make an effort to leave the label on the back clean enough to identify. I will add a sawtooth hanger to the back of the album; if you want a very specific orientation, just let me know so I can place the hanger accordingly.


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Top 5 Bitcoin Mining Softwares To Look Out For
There's a bloodbath in the cryptocurrency market right now, and it has raised a lot of eyebrows! Even after the crash, investors are pinning their hopes onto Bitcoin. Bitcoin started it all and will always be the one to set expectations for the rest to follow. Hence the curiosity leads…
Click here to read more
Source: News BTC
Posted: 7 minutes ago


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Netflix dropped the trailer for the jeen-yuhs: A Kanye Trilogy documentary Friday, and in the clip, Kanye West predicted his rise to superstardom.
In video shot at the beginning of his career over 20 years ago, Ye said, "i just think it was in God's plan. I just think He has me here for a reason and I have have something to say. There might be people who are better programmers, better rappers. I think I won because I had the heart." Kanye added, "Hopefully with God's blessings, there's should not be no way for me to lose."
jeen-yuhs: A Kanye Trilogy held its world premiere virtually last week at the Sundance Film Festival.
Clarence "Coodie" Simmons, who produced and directed the film with Chike Ozah, says in the trailer, "When I first put the camera on him when I became a producer in '98, knew he was destined for greatness."
Two weeks ago, West demanded final approval of the project, writing on Instagram, "I'm going to say this kindly for the last time. I must get final edit and approval on this doc before it releases on Netflix. Open the edit room immediately so I can be in charge of my own image," he continued. "Thank you in advance."
His demand was rejected.
On February 10, Act 1 of the three-part documentary, which also features Pharrell Williams, Jay-Z and many more, will debut in theaters nationwide for a one-day engagement. The film premieres in a three-week event on Netflix beginning February 16.
Copyright © 2022, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.


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Wed, 7 August 2019
Listen to learn what it takes to really get toned, tight and strong. From training tips, to specific workout requirements, to what food you need, this episode is important to learn the basics for building some strength and muscle for women.
We'll also cover upcoming challenges, life updates and more.
To connect, follow instagram.com/trainerkindal or email at email@example.com to send in questions or podcast topics.
Thanks for your support!
Direct download: what-it-takes-get-strong.mp3
Category:Fitness for Women -- posted at: 9:07am PST


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In spite of recent increases in the use and abuse of prescription drugs, alcohol, heroin, and other street drugs, marijuana is still the number one most frequently abused drug in the U.S. Marijuana use has grown in prevalence to the degree that more high school students now smoke marijuana than smoke cigarettes. While marijuana might not be a life-threatening substance like other illegal and legal drugs are, it does have its own, inherent risks and negative characteristics.
Marijuana is directly connected to money and life problems. A study done by HealthDay News found that middle-aged adults who smoked marijuana found themselves with lower paying, less skilled, and less prestigious career paths. Such individuals were also found to have more problems with money and with work and personal relationships than their non-marijuana smoking peers.
Studies go on to show a direct relationship between marijuana consumption and antisocial behaviors at work and domestic abuse at home. One expert at the University of California even went so far as to insist that the economic and social problems that are experienced in regular and persistent cannabis use are due to the cannabis use, and not to some other cause.
While the study is met with agreement by most, marijuana proponents insist that the study is not complete because it only proves that marijuana use is associated with these problems, not that it causes them. However, the relationship is as obvious as can be. People who consume cannabis are more likely to have relationship problems, to have career problems, and do not succeed in life on an order of magnitude that they might have hoped for prior.
A more thorough study of marijuana's correlation to productivity and quality of life was done in New Zealand. The study started in 1972 and continued for forty years. The study included 1,000 children born in 1972. The study collected information on individuals in that study group who had had at least three to five marijuana assessments through the ages of eighteen and thirty-eight.
In this study group, it was found that eighteen percent of marijuana users were classified as marijuana-dependent, and fifteen percent were regular marijuana smokers with questionable levels of dependence. For those categories of heavy use and heavy dependence on the drug, the individuals in these categories were almost always suffering from money problems and relationship problems. This study was published in the Clinical Psychological Science publication in March of 2016.
Proponents of cannabis legalization argue that there is no proof that marijuana causes life problems, only that it is present in people with life problems. Even if marijuana is not causing the problems, it is certainly not helping people get through those life problems and onto the other side of them.
Paul Armentano, a critic to the New Zealand study mentioned above, insisted that those facing social and economic adversity are more likely than those who do not face these struggles to turn to the use of legal and illegal intoxicants as coping mechanisms. This is the argument that tries to disprove any evidence that marijuana is harmful. It is an embodiment of the concept of what came first, the chicken or the egg? Did the life problems cause the marijuana abuse or did the marijuana abuse cause the life problems?
We can be sure of one thing, and that is that Paul Armentano is incorrect in stating that people are more likely to abuse legal and illegal drugs because of economic displacement. This may have been true at one point, but it is no longer the case if it ever truly was.
Today, at least ten percent of medical doctors abuse prescription drugs while the national average is only six percent. The majority of people who are addicted to drugs also have a productive and middle class to upper-middle-class income range. Today, white middle-class families are the ones who are most likely to have heroin problems. The argument that people abuse drugs because of economic displacement is no longer valid.
Marijuana might have some, limited medical uses. For someone suffering from long-term pain such as a cancer patient would have, it is certainly a better solution than doping them up on highly addictive pharmaceutical pain reliever drugs. However, for recreational use alone marijuana has more negative traits than positive ones by far.
A major concern with marijuana that is not often touched on is the gateway nature of the substance. Marijuana use incentivizes the use and abuse of other, stronger, more addictive, more dangerous substances, creating risk and a difficult situation for all who experiment with the substance. It would be much better if people were able to stay away from marijuana abuse, and if people were able to instead pursue other, healthier, non-addictive means of coping with the difficulties of life.
Set in the beautiful city of Temecula, Southern California Addiction Center is ready to help you or your loved ones with addiction rehabilitation and recovery. Located between Los Angeles and San Diego, SCAC is easily accessible no matter where you are coming from, and has a professionally trained staff that is committed to helping patients with their addiction issues.


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We offer preventive examinations.
Call for reservation.
For more information and application please call: +386 1 4254378 or mail to
We deal with people who have:
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I am co-organiser of the International DiaMind Meeting (Diabetes & Mind). The seventh Meeting was taking place on April 5, 2018. Welcome to the next one in 2019.


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Overall Satisfaction with Apache Derby
The product I worked on at IBM supported all the major database vendors, including Derby. Since Derby is free, most development and QA was done with Derby, although not many customers had adopted Derby as their production database vendor.
- Much easier to use and learn than most commercial databases.
- Derby database errors are well documented.
- Most complex queries supported as well as by other database vendors.
- It may not scale as well as some more mature database products.
- Used it primarily from the command line with openjpa and jdbc, and from third-party clients such as Squirrel.
- May benefit by providing more sophisticated tools to optimize query performance.
- Saved money on database licensing.
[It's] Well suited for development and testing environments.


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David and Victoria Beckham have bought out their business partner Simon Fuller's 33% stake in the former England footballer's businesses for about $50m (£38m).
The deal gives the Beckhams full control of Beckham Brand Holdings, which includes a stake in the US-based football club Inter Miami FC as well as the Seven Global and David Beckham Ventures businesses, which handle his brand name and partnerships with businesses including Adidas and L'Oreal.
Fuller's XIX Entertainment group will continue to own a stake in Victoria Beckham's fashion empire, which raised £30m in 2017 to fund expansion from NEO Investment Partners. NEO is also a backer of British designer Tom Dixon and French bakery Paul.
The buyout comes after profits at the couple's Beckham Brand Holdings dropped 20% to £15.7m in 2017, according to the latest publicly available accounts. Profits were pulled down by losses at Victoria Beckham's fashion empire. However, the couple's main company paid out £19m in dividends to its shareholders – the Beckhams and Fuller – up from £10.2m in 2016.
It is understood that David Beckham has exercised an option to buy out Fuller, who is the former Spice Girls manager and Pop Idol founder, because the former footballer wants to focus on building his US soccer team, which is scheduled to enter the American MLS league in 2020.
David Beckham also recently bought a small stake in the British football team Salford City alongside former Manchester United teammates including Gary Neville, Paul Scholes and Ryan Giggs.
He has spent more time managing his own brand relationships since retiring as a player six years ago. The fashion fan, who has a stake in menswear label Kent & Curwen, has said he wants to start owning and building businesses.
The British Fashion Council has signed him up as an ambassador in the hope of attracting a new generation of domestic creative and business talent into the industry. The job was seen as part of an attempt to rebuild Beckham's public reputation after a furore in 2017 relating to leaked emails in which he appeared to bemoan not having been given a knighthood.
The Beckhams became dollar billionaires last month thanks to a string of lucrative corporate tie-ups, which have ranged from watches and perfume to whisky and underpants.
Their brand empire has also extended to include the couple's four children, Brooklyn, Romeo, Cruise and Harper all of whom have a media profile. At 20 years old, eldest son Brooklyn is a model and photographer worth £6.5m, according to the Sunday Times rich list, and with an Instagram following of 11.5m.
While Beckham Brand Holdings was only formed in 2014, Fuller has been central to building the Beckham brand since the couple met.