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German delivery drone manufacturer and service provider Wingcopter last week raised $42 million from renowned financial and strategic investors as part of a Series A extension round. The fresh funding triples the company's total equity raise to more than $60 million to date. Leading retailer REWE Group and German investors Salvia and XAI technologies have come onboard as new shareholders. They will now join Japanese conglomerate ITOCHU and previous backers Future Capital from Germany and … [Read more...] about Wingcopter scores US$42m in latest funding round
cargo drones
Drones usher in new era for air freight and logistics
The use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles has certainly come a long way. From hot air balloons for reconnaissance in the late 1800s to remote-controlled planes for military purposes, the technology has greatly evolved and its usage has become widespread across different sectors, most notably logistics. Across the globe, leading engineers and companies are developing all sorts of drones for air cargo operations, whether for inspection, sorting in fulfilment centres, wildlife management or … [Read more...] about Drones usher in new era for air freight and logistics
Dronamics gears up for commercial with operational license
Cargo drone developer and operator DRONAMICS last week obtained the EU's Light UAS Operator Certificate (LUC), becoming the first cargo drone company to achieve such a feat. The license, granted by the Transport Malta Civil Aviation Directorate (TM-CAD), the country's Civil Aviation Authority, is recognised in all EU member states and allows operations in accordance with European Regulation (EU). Dronamics said the LUC is the highest authorisation currently achievable under European drone … [Read more...] about Dronamics gears up for commercial with operational license
Drone operator Skyports raises US$23 million in funding
UK-registered air taxi and drone services provider Skyports has raised US$23 million in the first close of its series B funding round from a combination of new and existing investors. Skyports will use the funding to consolidate its position as a global leader in advanced air mobility infrastructure and drone operations. The company plans to scale its drone services operations in new and existing markets, building on active operations in the UK, Europe and Asia. Skyports … [Read more...] about Drone operator Skyports raises US$23 million in funding
Wingcopter secures funding from Japanese drone investor
German drone developer Wingcopter has received an investment from Japanese venture capital company Drone Fund, which specializes in startups related to drones and air mobility. The injection, which will come from a third fund amounting to US$90 million raised by the Japan-based VC, comes in the run-up of Wingcopter's Series B investment round. This would be Drone Fund's first investment in drone technology and first partnership with a German company. Last year, Wingcopter signed a … [Read more...] about Wingcopter secures funding from Japanese drone investor
DHL Express to pilot cargo drones over Malaysian waters
DHL Express and Malaysia-based aviation solutions provider Pen Aviation have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to commercialise urgent cargo deliveries using unmanned aerial vehicles, in partnership with Raya Airways as the main drone operator. The integrator announced that it will participate in a proof of commercialisation (POC) by end-2021 to demonstrate the commercial viability of time-critical cargo drone delivery for port logistics missions to serve the maritime … [Read more...] about DHL Express to pilot cargo drones over Malaysian waters


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The grandmother of the deceased Georgia toddler Quinton Simon — whose remains were found in a Savannah landfill last month and whose mother was arrested and charged with his death — has been arrested, according to online records and NBC affiliate WSAV of Savannah.
The arrest of Billie Jo Betterton, 45, is not related to her grandson's death, WSAV reported. The nature of the charge against her was not clear in online records from the Chatham County Sheriff's Office.
No bond was set, according to the online records. It was not immediately clear whether Betterton has retained a lawyer, said a spokesperson for the Chatham County District Attorney's Office, who added that the investigation continues.
Betterton's mug shot shows her wearing a suicide prevention smock, Parla Parker, the public information officer for the Chatham County Sheriff's Office, confirmed. Parker declined to elaborate, citing federal privacy requirements that protect inmates' health information.
Parker directed additional questions about the arrest to Chatham County Juvenile Court. Officials with the juvenile court could not immediately be reached for comment, and court records related to the arrest were not immediately available online.
A spokesperson for the Chatham County Police Department said the department was not involved in making the arrest.
Betterton was arrested two weeks after the FBI's Atlanta division identified remains in the Superior Landfill in Savannah as those of her toddler grandson through DNA analysis after the remains were found on Nov. 18. Quinton's cause of death has not been determined, the Chatham County Coroner's Office said.
Quinton's mother, Leilani Simon, 22, was arrested Nov. 21 and charged with malice murder, concealing the death of another person, false reporting and making false statements. Her next hearing is set for Jan. 11, court records show.
Police previously said they did not expect to make any other arrests in the case.
Court records show that Betterton, who also goes by the last name Howell, sought to evict Simon, her boyfriend and her kids from her home in September.
"Not looking to be compensated. Just want them to move out as quick as possible," Betterton wrote in the Sept. 8 filing. "They have damaged my property and at this point no one is living in peace."
The notice was served to Simon and her boyfriend a little over a week later, records show.
Quinton's mother reported him missing on Oct. 5 from his home in an unincorporated part of Chatham County near Savannah.
The search drew widespread attention and a large law enforcement response — including more than 40 FBI agents — who spent 30 days sifting through 1.2 million pounds of trash, officials said.
A week after Quinton disappeared, officials said that they believed he was dead and that they considered his mother to be "the prime suspect in his disappearance and death." Chatham County Police Chief Jeff Hadley said investigators had evidence that prompted the search of the landfill; they declined to say what it was.
Betterton was arrested more than a month after both of Quinton's paternal grandparents died, WSAV reported. Quinton's grandfather Henry Dale Moss Sr., 61, was killed in an alleged hit and run in Burke County, about 95 miles northwest of Savannah, on Nov. 2. NBC affiliate WLBT of Jackson, Mississippi, reported that Moss's son is Quinton's father.
A public information officer for the Burke County Sheriff's Office said Tuesday that no updates were available in that case.
WSAV reported that Quinton's grandmother died the week before the alleged hit and run. Further information about her death was not immediately available.

subset: commoncrawl


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Dr Ranj criticises British Curry Awards for 'racist' joke
Dr Ranj Singh has hit out at the British Curry Awards over their lack of Asian representation and for featuring 'racist' jokes.
The TV personality was a guest at the awards but spoke out on Twitter about wanting better representation at the event.
In a video, Singh said: "It's so wonderful being at the #BritishCurryAwards tonight… celebrating the best of Asian cuisine!
Read more: Dr. Ranj Singh shares viral tweet
"However, how is it that the entire judging panel, host, and even most of the performers on stage so far have all been white? We can do better!"
Following the awards, Singh shared some more thoughts on social media: "However, when the host is white, the judging panel is entirely white, the performers onstage are over 90% white, are we really representing our community fairly?"
He went on to slam a racist joke told at the ceremony: "To top it off, we have a racist joke on stage, and are auctioning off a piece by Winston Churchill whose relationship with India (and Bengali people specifically) is problematic?"
Churchill's relationship with India remains complicated with many holding him responsible for the Bengal famine of 1943 where around four million people died. He also held explicit imperialist and racist views.
Singh also shared the joke he found offensive: "Paraphrased slightly, but this is a joke made on stage at the @BritCurryAwards by a white person tonight: "Why has India never won the World Cup? Because every time they get a corner, they build a shop on it.' I'm sorry but how is this OK?"
Singh did not reveal who said the joke but said it was not made by Mock the Week panellist Hugh Dennis who was hosting the event.
Watch below: TV medic Dr Ranj has an HIV test live on This Morning


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The full 'The Martian' trailer is out and it looks awesome
We saw a teaser trailer earlier this year, but the full trailer is officially out and it looks pretty epic. It also looks like the movie stays true to the popular novel by Andy Weir with the narratives.
Directed by Ridley Scott and starring Matt Damon as stranded NASA botanist/engineer Mark Watney, the trailer shows us science, drama, and comedy all within three minutes.
The whole story looks exciting and with the talents of Scott, Damon, and the other star-studded class, I think this will definitely be a winner this year.
The Martian opens in theaters on October 2nd.
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DETROIT – A Detroit high school student has been charged after he brought a BB gun to school and pulled it out during class, officials said.
The 15-year-old Detroit boy brought the BB gun to Marygrove High School on Tuesday (May 24), according to authorities. He was taken into custody Wednesday.
"We are all hypersensitive right now about deadly weapons being brought into schools and the carnage that can occur as a result," Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy said. "The alleged actions of this respondent simply cannot be tolerated. We are alleging that this weapon was displayed and later discovered to be a BB gun. This does not diminish the severity of this respondent's actions."
Officials charged the boy as a juvenile with possession of a weapon in a weapons-free school zone.
A preliminary hearing is scheduled for 1:30 p.m. Thursday at the Wayne County Juvenile Detention Facility.


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List or table: T-S AS 147.93List or table T-S AS 147.93
Input dateIn PGP since 2019
An honorary list to Avraham ha-Nagid and Moshe ha-Nagid. We know only little on the late Negidim from Maimonides' family. His grandchild David b. Avraham had a son called Avraham who become Nagid himself until ca. 1300. He had 3 sons: Moshe, Ovadya and Yehosu'a, who served as a Nagid. Scholars have raised a question how come the youngest become a Nagid and non of the elders sons? So this document is a strong proof that Moshe was a Nagid. See also TS K15.58, where Musa al-Nagid is mentioned (Cohen, The Voice of the Poor, p. 176). AA


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Classic Wedding Bands: Standing the Test of Time
3mm Plain White Gold Wedding Band in 14K
"To be fully seen by somebody, then, and be loved anyhow–this is a human offering that can border on miraculous." ~ Elizabeth Gilbert
The classic wedding band, simple and unadorned, speaks of the miraculous that happens when two people fully love each other. A mere 3mm wide, this little white gold ring comes in two styles: our Signature Comfort Fit design that is rounded on the inside to sit comfortably and at the right height so that it doesn't rock on the finger or sit too high; and the Standard fit. Additionally, this circle of love comes in two finishes: either polished to a high gleam or subtly brushed to a satin finish. This classic ring also comes in 10k white gold or 18k white gold, or in 18k yellow gold.
14K White Gold & Rose Gold Wedding Band
"Love recognizes no barriers. It jumps hurdles, leaps fences, penetrates walls to arrive at its destination full of hope."~ Maya Angelou
It's not that barriers do not occur, but that together they fall away. Two together are stronger than one alone, and barriers cannot stand up to that kind of love. This lovely, classic wedding band is made of two different metals to form one complete, strong band. Beautifully subtle, the ring comprises 14k white gold on the exterior surface and 14k rose gold on the inner surface. The world only sees the white gold when worn, but the strength and beauty of the rose gold is always there, too, symbolic of the two who have become one. The Ring measures 6mm wide and 2mm thick. You can choose 14k white gold and inner yellow gold, yellow gold and inner rose gold, or any combination of colors by request.
Also available in 18K Gold or Platinum and 18K Rose Gold.
5mm 14K Gold Milgrain Wedding Band Ring
"A successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person."~ Mignon McLaughlin
Fall in love again with this timeless classic wedding band made of 14k yellow gold with milgrain edges! At 5mm wide, this beautiful band is available in your choice of two fits: our Signature Comfort Fit design with rounded inner side that fits more organically on your finger; or our Standard, classic fit. Two finishes are available, also; either the highly polished finish or the subtle brushed satin. Both are beautiful and make a glorious, lasting wedding band you'll be proud to wear.
See our whole collection of classic wedding bands here.
14K White Gold Brushed Center Design Wedding Band Ring
"No one has ever measured—not even poets—how much the human heart can hold." ~ Zelda Fitzgerald
With an overflowing heart, you give your betrothed this elegant, classic wedding band that symbolizes the immense love your heart holds for the one person you know you'll always love.
This wedding band is suitable for men or women, and can be purchased individually or as a set. The center of the band is brushed and the edges are highly polished to make a combination that is both classic and contemporary. Crafted with our Signature Comfort Fit design for comfortable wearing and durability. The ring is 6mm wide, 14k white gold. Also available in 18k or Platinum by special order. See our collection of classic platinum wedding bands here.
14K Two-Tone Gold Wedding Band – from 4mm – 8.5mm wide
"Being deeply love by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage." ~ Lao Tzu
Strength and courage both are represented in these two tone, 14k gold polished wedding band rings. The center of the ring is 14k white gold, polished to a high sheen, and bordered by 14k yellow gold edges that contrast sharply with the white gold. Beautiful as a set, they can also be purchased separately. Available in 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, and 8.5mm wide (larger widths available by request).
Crafted with our Signature Comfort fit design, they sit comfortably on the finger without rocking or sitting too high.
Also available in 18k gold and platinum or all platinum (inquire).
Picture is shown in 8mm width. Also available in 14k white gold.
Category: Wedding Bands, Wedding Bands for Men, Wedding Bands for Women, Wedding Rings


text: He thinks he is fooling us! Posted on January 10, 2008January 10, 2008 by pmilne in general thoughts Pt wants us to think he actually works. Advertisement Like this:Like Loading... Related Published by pmilne Cow hand, coffee roaster, gospel singer, dad, husband, old.....in no particular order. View all posts by pmilne


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124 Angel Number [Live] 2022
124 Angel Number
There are 124 unique angel numbers, each with its own unique meaning and purpose. The angel number 124 is considered a very special number because it is the sum total of all the other 123 numbers.
Each number has a specific meaning and purpose, and by combining all the other numbers together, you can create a powerful and effective spiritual tool. The number 124 can be used to access your spiritual intuition and creativity, and to connect with your spiritual guides and angels.
By using the number 124 as a tool for personal growth and spiritual development, you can unlock your full potential and achieve your deepest desires. So why not add the number 124 to your personal ANGEL LIST and see what amazing things happen as a result?
There are 124 angels in total and each one has a specific purpose. They are all very important and have a big impact on our lives.
What does 124 mean for twin flames?
The number 124 can symbolize the twin flame connection. Twin flames are two souls who are meant to be together. In some cases, the twin flame connection is said to be a divine connection.
What does seeing 123 all the time mean?
Seeing 123 all the time could mean that someone is seeing the number 123 everywhere they go. It could also mean that this person is very obsessed with the number 123.
What does 121 mean in love?
There is no definitive answer to this question as there are a variety of meanings that could potentially be associated with the number 121. Some people might believe that 121 means that the couple is in a happy and healthy relationship, while others might believe that 121 means that the couple is about to experience a lot of growth and change. Ultimately, the meaning that each individual ascribes to 121 is up to them.
What does 122 mean spiritually?
Conclusion about 124 Angel Number
The 124 angel number is associated with many things, but is most commonly associated with the number of angels that are said to have attended the birth of Jesus. The 124 angels are said to be a representation of all of God's creation, and their number is said to be a reminder of the infinite number of prayers that are said to be heard by God.
Clip 124 Angel Number
124 angel number twin flame, 124 angel number meaning love, 123 angel number, 125 angel number, biblical meaning of number 124, 127 angel number, 126 angel number, 128 angel number


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Are you searching for Oddballs TV series news? You've come to the right place!
Best 2022-23 TV Shows
Get all the latest information on the Oddballs new tv show here at newshowstv.com.
There are 100s of new 2022 TV shows and new 2023 series coming your way. Oddballs Season 1 will be with us eventually, but when? We gather all the news on the series premiere of Oddballs to bring you the most accurate Oddballs coming soon news and premiere date.
Oddballs 2022-23 TV Series
Whether Oddballs is ultimately cancelled or renewed for Season 2 will be revealed, but one thing is for sure, Oddballs is on our new and 2022 upcoming TV shows list!
Oddballs TV Show Synopsis:
Oddballs follows James, a bubble-shaped boy, whose observations on life fuel his comedic rants at everyday annoyances and elevates them to laughably absurd heights. Along with his best friends Max (a talking crocodile) and Echo (a girl who claims to be from the future), James' ridiculous schemes to question norms often result in disaster.


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This is a day that requires delicacy from Scorpios when dealing with the people they live with, especially if they're your family.
The sharpness of your words and the demands of new duties might have, as a result, a feeling of strain or even oppression which will be very unpleasant.
Some Scorpios might receive a home visit from someone very elderly, which will force them to face their need for freedom. It might be the arrival of an in-law who is coming to stay, and which brings with it problems in your bond with your partner, Scorpio. The best thing is to only get involved a little, taking the necessary distance to not take sides and to be as objective as possible.
The sun in conjunction with Uranus in opposition to your sign will bring great surprises. All of your rapports are going through a season of big changes. You're likely to be offered a job or a position in another branch of the company you work at, which will force you to commute many miles every day, or perhaps even force you to move to another city. You'll have to evaluate whether you really want it or whether you prefer to carry on in your current situation.
Those who are looking for a new job are in luck today. Job interviews will be very positive.
The best omens for today are with regard to Scorpio's health. You'll feel that your vitality is renewed thanks to the astral movements which bring more energy and balance.
Make time to meditate and sort your mind out. Emptying your head from mulling and conflictive thoughts will help you achieve harmony. This is what you need today.
No matter what others want to see in you, the important thing is to be yourself
Your lucky numbers for this Monday, 3rd of May are: 6, 21 and 77.
These will be your best rapports for today:
Capricorn and Aquarius in Love
Aries and Leo in Friendship
Taurus and Sagittarius at Work
- You may also be interested in: Read the summary predictions for the other signs for May 3, 2021
- Haven't you read your Monthly Horoscope for May 2021 yet? Check it out now!
- It's Monday! Make sure you don't miss out on your Weekly Horoscope for 3-9 May 2021!


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This map was a request map by Epic Games. They looked for an editing map for their E3 Booths. In this game, players edited through structures and shot at objectives on time. The design of the map was based on Los Angeles Convention Center where E3 was held. This map was featured on their booths.
ClientEpic GamesYearMay 2019Code8655-4007-7726


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Vol 5, Num 6 :: 2006.03.24 — 2006.04.07
Most parents resort to using superlatives at the proverbial drop of a hat. "You're great. The next Albert Einstein, 'King' Pele, Margaret Atwood, or Bill Gates," as the case may be. Or, it could just be the reverse, something parents often indulge in—to save time. Like helping your kid get ready to go to school, or putting the blame on the teacher when your child gets a bad grade.
This is not all. You, as a parent, may be so worried about your child's self-esteem that you're careful. You do not say anything negative, so that it does not hurt your child's sensibilities. You cannot, after all, do away with your own sense of great expectations—expectations that you may have set for yourself vis-a-vis your child, when s/he grows up, and comes of age.
Self-esteem champions, and apostles of the human potential movement, would not agree, in principle, on the modicum of thought expressed in the preceding part of this write-up. And, for very obvious reasons. Have these protagonists not told us to preach that children should be told over and over again how wonderful they are, and to write down things that make every child special? One of their exercises even tells children to close their eyes and imagine that they are perfect. Proponents also say that parents have to boost the self-esteem of a child so that achievements soar. Teach self-esteem and youth won't be tempted to pop drugs is another pointer. Books on the subject also proclaim: "Self-esteem can save lives."
The self-esteem movement, with its myriad garbs, has found its way into educational curricula, and entire schools, not to speak of parent-training programs and parenting books. Wherever you turn these days, adults, organizers and their sponsors, are passing out stars, stickers and trophies to children for not doing much more than showing up. What's more, critics of the self-esteem brigade think that you are doing a disservice, and pampering children far too much. As a behavioral analyst put it, "You can't have self-esteem in the abstract. It is meaningless to say, 'I am a great person,' without having to go through the steps of who you are, what you stand for, and what you are able to do."
This new voice, against an old practice, is not hogwash or hype. It is an emerging field of thought, which says that teaching 'pure' self-esteem isn't a waste of time, and resources: a dangerous distraction from the truly vital tasks of building knowledge, skills, and character. These analysts also say that schools should foster social and moral development as well as intellectual growth. Children, they contend, thrive when expression and achievement are present. Furthermore, they aver, children should be treated as inherently capable, and purposeful beings, who want to be engaged in the world around them. Because they acquire a sense of significance from doing significant things? Yes, indeed!
New analysts also agree that a positive self-concept is important, although they emphasize that it cannot be divorced from accomplishment, or a healthy relationship with others. So, what is essentially the bottom line of this novel pathway of thinking? Making achievement count, and dispensing with empty praise—to build self-esteem. This does not mean that many parents do not operate on the principle that they can't praise a child too highly, when s/he achieves great things. The new theory only underlines a sound precept: praise showered excessively or disconnectedly can lead to distrust of adults, and a gnawing sense of self-doubt in children.
Here is an example, courtesy of US-based educationist, William Damon, whose admirable work has influenced this article:
A kid comes home saying he wasn't selected for the baseball team. His father says, "Well, they're out of their minds. You are the best player around…" Now, someone is lying. The kid quickly figures out that his dad was saying that just to be nice. Then, he thinks back to that paper he did last week that dad said he liked, and he wonders: "Was it any good?"
Adds a child psychologist: "It is not a question of self-esteem and academic achievement. Both are important. And, before you focus on either one of them, children have to feel good about themselves." Food for thought, really, because how often have we seen adults with PhDs, MBAs etc., who hate themselves within or without their fields of specialization, or activity? Go figure…in your own neighborhood, and beyond.
At the same time, it isn't so simple. One need not search the horizon, or every home, to find out the raison d'etre of parental expectations. Commonplace examples tell us that children whose parents are doctors have it all worked out, willy-nilly, in their minds. Most of them follow a pattern: emulating their parents' examples, and fulfilling their "dreams." Be that as it may, many parents, in the troubled times we now live in, seem to have developed a realistic outlook, thanks to several modalities involved in pursuing such fancies. A majority of today's parents would want their children to respect them, because they ought to, not because they wish to. That, indeed, is a great expectation—more so, because of the generation gap that exists between parents and children in this Age of the Infobahn. Says a Mumbai-based clinical pathologist, and father of two children:
Children are not scared of their parents, unlike in the past. We, as children, never for once questioned our parents directly. Now, they do. They often ask us things like: why this, why not that? Maybe, the change has been for our own good. But, it becomes, at times, difficult for us to accept some things, thanks to our mindset…. We never had these privileges: of discussing things with our parents. Our children do. But, the idea is not without flaw. Children have become aggressive; they often think they can get away with it, at home, school, or elsewhere. More important: aggression can always boomerang on its proponent. You never know.
Most parents expect children to do well in their studies, like all well-meaning parents. As one father put it: "I would be pleased if my kids took up a career in pathology, or chemistry—their mother's profession." Many parents also expect children to be disciplined and work hard in their studies. Some don't. As one parent contends that he has no high expectations. "I expect good effort, all right, but I do not want to burden them with my own brand of expectations. That would be wrong. I am sure every parent would know that." He adds: "We, as parents, have got to take into consideration our children's aptitude, skill, or capacity, in effect. We should allow them to be what they are, or what they wish to be…. Also, the use of force is illogical. You can't use a stick to shape your child's career, or future."
Says a housewife: "It is a fallacy to blame parents for things that have gone wrong." She has her reasons. "Parents have a difficult, complex role." But, she admits: "We've lost sight of what is good for kids. We've made them self-centered and self-absorbed, because of our own expectations. We sometimes expect too much from our children." A bright executive conjures up a roadmap, which could take us away from this conundrum, saying, "We have to guide children towards achievement. It requires patience. We have to be positive too. If a child is working towards something and people tell her/him s/he is capable of it, the child won't ask for a new pair of Reebok shoes."
Not all parents are so practical. And, all of us know that for a host of reasons. How often have we come across stories in our own vicinity, or by way of newspaper reports, of parental pressure, even "cruelty" of parents who "terrorize" kids with their high dose of expectations? We have also witnessed the plight of children who have run away from home, attempted or committed suicide, or taken to the wrong side of good living, even crime, as a spin-off of such compunctions, or compulsions. Child-abuse is as old as the hills, all right; but, it seems to have reached alarming proportions, thanks to intense competition, by way of academic statistics, not necessarily merit, in a madly competitive world.
What's more, parents have also become too "self-centered." As Damon observes:
In this era where both parents need to work, parents don't get much time to be with their kids. So kids baby-sit with their TVs. When they return home, from school, parents often ask them to cool it out again. In front of the TV set. They sit in relative comfort and snack. Nowhere in that child's day is there anything that has seriously built a skill. And, doubly cursed are the poor, because their economic difficulties are compounded by a lax upbringing.
Children need self-esteem, yes, but that self-esteem should be a result, not cause of self-development. Because, real self-esteem comes out of achievement, being responsible, helpful. Children are competent, curious, and like to interact. They can handle a bit of frustration. Avers Damon: "We have got to cajole families that do not enlist their children's help at home, to prepare dinner, wash the plates, or work in a social cause: collect funds for poor patients."
Performing serious service, psychologists note, confers a sense of personal competence and social responsibility in children. They are virtues that are central to the child's character development. In reality, however, young children are discouraged from developing their own splendid natural aptitudes for character and competence to their fullest capabilities. As Hugh and Gayle Prather once observed:
Merely getting kids under control does not increase their awareness… Focusing on changing behavior is like telling little kids which direction the bumper cars are supposed to circle, but not how to drive one. First, you have to 'put them in the driver's seat' [take them step-by-step], and move it around for them.
It goes without saying that parents have to impose consequences for immoral behavior. Children, after all, learn right from wrong out of habit, and from behavior that imitates what they see us do. There's nothing wrong if the child does not have a moral bone, as Damon observes. Because, when you're not happy, things aren't as much fun. And, the child is unhappy too.
Yes, the gauntlet is on parents, school administrators, and teachers. They have to set higher standards, inspire, and nurture spiritual interests, or creativity, and social commitment from children. And, yes, shower praise, or give a pat on [y]our child's back, only after s/he has achieved something—not before. This will go a long way in the fruition of a beautiful relationship between a parent and child—a truly new way to happiness.


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In another comment published in Lancet Hematology, a team of researchers on behalf of the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in China, collected data from patients with confirmed COVID-19 to assess the risk for VTE in this population.3
"Among patients with COVID-19, especially those who are severely and critically ill, a variety of potential risk factors for venous thromboembolism exist," the researchers wrote.
The authors also noted that assessing VTE and bleeding risks regularly is essential because "patients with COVID-19 can rapidly develop severe of critical disease, causing a series of complications such as renal failure, respiratory failure, or liver dysfunction, which can affect both [VTE] and bleeding status."
Continue Reading
The investigators of the retrospective analysis concluded they "found that patients with COVID-19 with a high risk of [VTE] had poorer outcomes than patients with a low risk, suggesting that these patients might require increased attention in case of rapid deterioration."
In light of the increased association between COVID-19 and coagulopathy in this patient group, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) published a press release on May 12, 2020, indicating that they will be developing clinical practice guidelines to help guide clinicians on the use of anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19.4
The guidelines will address 4 groups of patients with COVID-19:
- Acutely ill hospitalized patients
- Critically ill hospitalized patients
- Post-hospital discharge patients
- Nonhospitalized patients
ASH President Stephanie Lee, MD, of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, stated in the press release that "there is an urgent and critical need to provide guidance based on the best available evidence for those treating patients with this disease, recognizing also that there are different methods of anticoagulation and risks."
The guidelines will be created by a panel of multidisciplinary, international representatives and developed based on currently available studies and early reports from observational studies. The guidelines are expected to be released later this year and will be updated as new evidence-supported information is available.
- Levi M, Thachil J, Iba T, Levy JH. Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 [published online May 11, 2020]. Lancet Haematol. doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30145-9
- Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:844-847.
- Wang T, Chen R, Liu C, et al. Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19 [published online April 9, 2020]. Lancet Haematol. doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30109-5
- ASH to develop clinical practice guidelines on the use of anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19 [press release]. Washington, DC: American Society of Hematology. May 12, 2020.
This article originally appeared on Hematology Advisor


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Humans and cookies. Same.
Humans are totally like a batch of chocolate chip cookies. 🍪
This is the result of our Saturday morning family baking session.
Are these cookies perfect? Nope.
Are they all the same size and shape, with the exact same amount of chocolate chips spread evenly apart? Also no.
Would Martha be proud? Absolutely not.
However...and this is the most important question...are they all the same inside and ABSOLUTELY DELICIOUS? Oh yeah they are.
So, like humans, they are all different but, when I choose a chocolate chip cookie, it's not about aesthetics because I know that every single one of them is delicious in their own way.
I don't judge them because they are a little lopsided or misshapen or puffy. In fact; I treat them all the same and provide them with a nice, warm, relaxing spa-like bath — coffee flavoured.
As a society, we need to stop judging people because they do something in a way that you wouldn't, or they don't look like you or have values that differ from yours. That doesn't mean that they're not a good person — or even someone you'd want in your inner circle.
We don't have to be friends with everyone or even like every single human we encounter but, we should definitely make sure that we are not basing our feelings of "not liking someone" by judging from a far.
Like the cookies (whose numbers are dwindling thanks to the teenage-boy appetite, btw), we all end up in the same place.
Be a nice human. 💕
"Today me will live in the moment, unless it's unpleasant, in which case me will eat a cookie."
- Cookie Monster


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These are the items that the international shipping fee will be calculated and paid for depending on the dimensional weight of the item after they arrive to our office $10 for each ½ KG.


text:
Learn Data Analytics at Ironhack London
Join our Data Analytics bootcamp and get the hands-on skills you need to land a job in the growing tech industry and be part of any company's workforce as a Data Analyst
9 weeks full time or 24 weeks part time
Learn Online & Meet our community
Our Courses in London are "hybrid"
Learn remotely!
Save the commute
Be part of an international cohort
Meet in Shoreditch
Meet our local team
Get additional support
Be part of a local community
Attend our monthly events
Join our alumni network
Our Courses
20 Feb - 21 Apr
Mon to Fri, 9:00 - 18:00 (undefined)
Final Call!
Career Week - 01 May
27 Mar - 26 May
Mon to Fri, 9:00 - 18:00 (undefined)
Filling Fast!
Career Week - 05 Jun
08 May - 07 Jul
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Career Week - 10 Jul
12 Jun - 11 Aug
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Career Week - 14 Aug
31 Jul - 29 Sep
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Career Week - 02 Oct
All our courses include
Career Services program
We help you identify your ideal outcome, and reach it as fast as possible.
Multiple payment options
Different options available to make the tuition not a blocker to start your new career.
Course Information
Online Prework
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
During your first 60 hours as an official Ironhack Data Analytics student you will be laying the foundation for success in London. During the prework phase you will:
1. learn the fundamentals of command line, Git, Python, MySQL and statistical analysis
2. familiarize yourself with the basics of programming and statistics and
3. connect with your peers and expert academic staff by utilizing our Slack channel.
Once you've completed the prep materials and synced up with your class, you'll be ready to dive into the course!
Want to learn more about Ironhack and our Data analytics bootcamp in London before applying?
Career Services
Careerhack is Ironhack's Career Services program. It's designed to help Ironhackers identify their ideal outcome, and reach it as fast as possible. We've helped thousands of students land their dream job in tech. Discover how we will help you!
Do you need help with the payment? Our financing options help you find the support you need so you can focus on your career and developing new skills.
Income Share Agreements
During your studies, CHANCEN eG takes care of your full tuition fee (incl. deposit). With the help of the income share agreement you do not pay anything until you landed your dream tech job. When you graduate and start working, income based repayments are made to CHANCEN eG over a 5 year period. Should your annual income be less than 27,000 Euros, repayments are not required. Your repayment is then shifted to a period when you earn above the minimum income threshold. Available only for people from the following Nationalities who are currently residing in Germany: European Union Citizens, Lichtenstein, Switzerland, Norway, UK, Iceland, Monaco, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Israel.
Pay in installments
The perfect option for those who don't want to take a loan but pay in smaller installments.
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Flexible payment with Ironhack
Get an interest-free loan with Knoma
Using Knoma allows you to simply pick a course, pay with Knoma, and spread the cost of your tuition in 12 monthly payments at 0% and with no extra fees of any kind. You pay what you really need to pay.
Spread the cost of your tuition in 12 monthly payments at 0% and with no extra fees of any kind
Income Share Agreement (ISA)
CHANCEN eG takes care of the students' full tuition fee (incl. deposit). When they graduate and start working, income based repayments are made to CHANCEN eG over a 5 year period.
Don't pay anything until they land your dream tech job
Future Earnings Agreements with StepEx
StepEx is an award winning and fully FCA authorised financial institution. Created to provide more people with the finance they need to achieve their professional potential. They deliver our Future Earnings Agreements. You can start your bootcamp now and pay once you get a high-paying job. Apply to learn more.
Need financing to pay once you're hired? Launch your career now and pay nothing until you get a high-paying job.
Pay with a fair and flexible loan from Lendwise
Lendwise is a specialist loan provider of education finance at leading UK institutions. You can spread the cost of your course over up to 60 months with flexible loan terms
Lendwise is a specialist loan provider of education finance at leading UK institutions. You can spread the cost of your course over up to 60 months with flexible loan terms
Jan loves working with data in all its forms and finds that analysing it satisfies his curiosity. He worked as a database administrator, IT consultant, developer, team lead, department head and CTO. Teaching allows him to combine working with data and helping people grow. In his spare time he likes to draw (anything), paint (portraits) and sing (opera).
Loves to explore data, create, and diagnose models beyond performance metrics. On his free time, he loves to fly paragliders with his friends or going to the countryside with his MTB.
In the online Data analytics bootcamp, you will study from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., from Monday to Friday. Your schedule will consist of four 45-minute Instructor-Led Class Sessions, three 45-minute Independent Student Work sessions, and one 60-minute block of open office hours.
9:00 - 9:45Instructor-led Class Session
These Instructor-Led sessions last for 45 minutes. These are led by the instructor and include a mixture of lecture, demos, and short checks for understanding (Kahoot, mini-activity, cold-calling students, etc)
9:45 - 10:00Break
During your break, both students and staff should leave their computer, stretch and have a snack!
10:00 - 10:45Independent Student Work Session
During the self-study sessions, you should focus on doing your independent work. Take this time to meet with your project team, read through content in the student portal, write a summary or work on labs. Our TAs will be available via Slack to provide support and help.
10:45 - 11:00Break
11:00 - 11:45Instructor-led Class Session
11:45 - 12:00Break
12:00 - 12:45Independent Student Work Session
12:45 - 14:00Lunch
14:00 - 14:45Instructor-led Class Session
14:45 - 15:00Break
15:00 - 15:45Independent Student Work Session
15:45 - 16:00Break
16:00 - 16:45Instructor-led Class Session
16:45 - 17:00Break
17:00 - 18:00Open Office Hours
During these 60 min sessions, TAs will be available online. Student attendance is not mandatory and instructor attendance is not required. This is an opportunity for students to drop-in and ask questions or seek help with homework and/or labs.
20% increase of energy efficiency, 20% decrease in CO2 emissions, and 20% of energy production from renewable sources, all by 2020: a challenging goal to meet. Ingrid was inspired to analyze Spain's electricity consumption in order to determine whether or not we are on the path toward a more sustainable rate of electricity consumption. She found some particularly interesting patterns that we are following as users!
We are committed to helping you start your career in tech. Our financing options range from traditional loans to pay-for-success models so you can choose the option that best fits your needs. Simply get in touch with our admissions team and they will give you more information about the available options.Get in touch with our Admissions team


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Misfit Shepherds
We are a German Shepherd Rescue, Rehabilitation Center Dedication to rescuing as many shepherds as possible. Our pack mentality as well as our pack ways ensure no shepherd is kenneled but living as a family with 8 cats and two Pack Leaders. We not only take Shepherds into rescue, but we also create educational videos, reach out to those who need us with training, tools, and video links for any behavioral problems. We also provide Rehabilitation Care for medical cases and behavioral disorders. We then find the best home possible for our Misfits. We are honored to be nominated for this chance. Remember it takes a "Village". Thank you from Roxane and Michael at Misfit Shepherds.
We add Feature Views for every $ you pay.
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Misfit Shepherds is in position #318 in the USA and Canadian Grant category
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Or chip in a few $'s and MyGivingCircle will feature Misfit Shepherds to get them more votes and supporters.
$20 pay to feature = 2,000 featured views to get more votes and supporters.
USA and Canadian Grant Prizes
USA and Canadian Grant Prizes
Don't forget to vote now in our current grants round - we're giving $55,000 to the #30 Charities with the most votes
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text:
GuildNet Drop Out
What will come of Managed Long-Term Care Providers? That is the question many are asking today after New York State's largest Medicaid Managed Long-Term Care Plan (MLTC), GuildNet, ceases to enroll members in Nassau, Suffolk and Westchester counties.
The company announced this decision due to what they call, "calamitous state of reimbursement," resulting in incurring "substantial deficits" to the program.


text:
Living with Robots
Emerging Issues on the Psychological and Social Implications of Robotics
Purchase options
Institutional Subscription
Key Features
- Explores how individual differences in cognitive abilities and personality influence human-robot interaction
- Examines the human response to robot autonomy
- Includes tools and methods for the measurement of social emotion with robots
- Delves into a broad range of domains - military, caregiving, toys, surgery, and more
- Anticipates the issues we will encountering with robots in the next ten years
- Foreword by Maggie Jackson, author of Distracted
Graduate students, researchers, academics and professionals in the areas of human factors, robotics, social psychology, and engineering psychology
Table of Contents
Maggie Jackson
1. Transparent Interaction and Human-Robot Collaboration for Military Operations
Shan G. Lakhmani, Julia L. Wright, Jessie Y.C. Chen
2. On the Social Perception of Robots: Measurement, Moderation, and Implications
Steven J. Stroessner
3. Robotics to Support Aging in Place
George Mois, Jenay M. Beer
4. Kill Switch: The Evolution of Road Rage in an Increasingly AI Car Culture
Julie Carpenter
5. Development and Current State of Robotic Surgery
Rana Pullatt, Benjamin L. White
6. Regulating Safety-Critical Autonomous Systems: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives
M.L. Cummings, David Britton
7. The Role of Consumer Robots in our Everyday Lives
Heather C. Lum
8. Principles of Evacuation Robots
Alan R. Wagner
9. Humans Interacting with Intelligent Machines: At the Crossroads of Symbiotic Teamwork
Michael D. McNeese, Nathaniel J. McNeese
Product details
- No. of pages: 218
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2019
- Published: November 30, 2019
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780128156353
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128153673
About the Editors
Richard Pak
Affiliations and Expertise
Ewart de Visser
Affiliations and Expertise
Ericka Rovira
Affiliations and Expertise
Ratings and Reviews
There are currently no reviews for "Living with Robots"


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Wilck & Andersson take Swedish National titles
Last weekend saw the Swedish 1/10th and 1/12th scale National Championships held at the Borås MRK in Viskafors. In the 1/10th scale modified class it was Tamiya TRF factory driver Viktor Wilck that took the TQ ahead of Xray racer Alexander Hagberg and Magnus Vässmar taking up 2nd and 3rd on the grid. In the finals Wilck could win the first and 2nd legs to secure the overall championship, while Hagberg encountered some problems which meant he couldn't challenge for the win and had to settle for 2nd in both the opening legs, winning the 3rd after Viktor didn't take the start. In the 1/12th scale modified class there were some very fast drivers in attendance such as Alexander Andersson, Mikael Fransson and Per-Ola Hård and in qualifying it was Alexander Andersson that took the TQ ahead of Per-Ola Hård in 2nd and Mikael Fransson in 3rd. In the finals CRC driver Andersson won the first and 2nd legs to take overall victory from Rosén Maxx in 2nd and Per-Ola Hård 3rd.
Final results 1/10 modified
1. Wilck Viktor
2. Hagberg Alexander
3. Vässmar Magnus
4. Nilsson Niclas
5. Petersson Emil
6. Oscarsson Dennis
7. Pålsson Björn
8. Andersson Thomas
9. Bergfeldt Tommy
10. Hellquist Markus
Final results 1/12 Modified
1. Andersson Alexander
2. Rosén Maxx
3. Hård Per-Ola
4. Hedlund Magnus
5. Brandt Mickael
6. Göransson Mackan
7. Fransson Mikael
8. Westholm Ola
9. Andersson Bengt
10. Wesslén Anders
Thanks to Andre Fossto & Rasmus Thulin / Images: Anders André


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Caroline in Dark Navy
Caroline in Dark Navy
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d-Block Elements: Periodic, Physical Properties and Chemical Properties
The d-block elements are found in groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the periodic table. d-block elements are also known as transition metals. The d orbital is filled with the electronic shell "n-1."In this article, we will learn about Group d-Block Elements in detail along with their Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Physical properties and Chemical Properties, Anomalous Behaviour and many other properties.
What are d-Block Elements?
The d-block elements are the elements in which the last electron enters the d orbital of the penultimate shell ie. (n-1) d orbital where n is the outermost shell.
E.g._{21} Sc has electronic configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^23d^1. The outermost shell is n = 4 and electrons are added in (n-1) d i.e. 3d orbitals.
In these elements (n-1) d orbital is being progressively filled up with electrons.
Why are d-Block Elements called Transition Elements?
The d block elements are also called transition elements because their properties are intermediate between the properties of highly electropositive s-block elements and highly electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements are defined as those elements which have partly or incompletely filled (n-1) d orbital in their elementary state or in any of their common oxidation states.
According to this definition the elements Zn, Cd, Hg and Uub are to be excluded from the transition series as they have completely filled (n-1) d orbital, i.e. the configuration is (n=1)d^{10} in their elementary states as well as in the form of ions. However, the last members, Zn, Cd and Hg of the d series are considered as transition elements as their chemical behaviour is similar to the transition elements.
There are four series of transition elements in the long form of the periodic table. They are called 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d series corresponding to the filling of 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d orbitals of (n-1)^{th} main shell.
The first three series have 10 elements each while the fourth series which was earlier considered incomplete, is now complete with 10 elements. The elements of the four transition series are shown in Table
|The elements of the four transition series
|Group Series
The last element of 6d series with atomic number 112 is also reported. General electronic configuration of d-block elements is (n-1)d^{(1-10)}ns^{1-2}
Position in the Periodic Table
These elements are placed in the middle part between s-block and p-block elements in the long form of the Periodic Table. We can observe a change from most electropositive s-block elements to the least electropositive p-block elements through d block elements. The d-block elements belonging to groups 3 to 12 and starting from the fourth period in the form of four different series of elements are called 3d, 40, 5d and 6d series. These
elements are placed between group 2 and group 13. Thus, the elements of groups 3 to 12 belonging to periods 4 to 7 are d-block elements.
Electronic Configuration
The 3d series of d-block elements begin with Sc (Z=21) and ends with Zn (Z=30). Argon, _18Ar is the noble gas preceding 3d series elements and its electronic configuration is 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^2. Calcium (Z=20) has 3d orbital. Electronic Configuration of, _21Sc is written as 1s^22s^2 2p^63s^23p^63d^14s^2. It can also be represented as [Ar]3d^14s^2.
The 3d series includes all the elements from Sc (2=21) to Zn (Z=30) and belongs to the 4th period.
The 4d series includes all the elements from Y (2=39) to CI (Z=48) and belongs to the 5th period.
The 5th series starts with element La (Z=57) and then includes all the elements from Hf (Z=72) to Hg (Z=80) which belong to the 6th period.
The 6d series starts with element Ac (Z=89) and then includes all the elements from Rf (Z=104) to Uub (Z=112) which belongs to the 7th period.
|At. No.
|Expected E.C.
|Observed E.C.
It is concluded from the electronic configuration, that zinc cannot be included in the transition series as it has completely filled (n-1) d orbital in the elementary state, (3d^{10}4s^2) and in its common oxidation state +2 has configuration 3d^{10}. Copper in the elementary state (3d^{10} 4s^1) contains filled 3d orbitals but in the +2 oxidation state it has partly filled 3d orbital (3d^9). Hence copper is a transition element.
From the Table, it is clear that the atoms of chromium and copper, unlike other elements have a single electron in their 4s orbitals (4s^1). This can be explained on basis of the concept that additional stability is gained by the atoms when the d subshell is exactly half-filled (d^5) or completely filled (d^{10}). Accordingly one of the 4s electrons moves to 3d level in atoms of chromium and copper. Hence in chromium (Z=24) the 3d level is exactly half-filled and in copper (Z=29), it is completely filled with outer electronic configuration remaining as 4s^1.
General electronic configurations of four series of d-block elements of the periodic table are given below
- 3d series: [Ar]3d^{1-10}4s^{1-2}
- 4d series: [K] 4d^{1-10}5s^{0-2}
- 5d series: [Xe] 5d^{1-10}6s^2
- 6d series: [Rn] 6d^{1-10}7s^2
Electronic Configuration of Chromium and Copper
The sequence of filling of electrons in 3d subshell gets disturbed in chromium and
copper and these elements possess exceptional configuration. The completely filled subshells s^2, p^6, d^{10} and f^{14} and the half-filled subshells s^1 p^3 d^5 and f^7 have extra stability. The expected electronic configuration of chromium should be 1s^2 2s^22p^63s^23p^63d^44s^2, in this, the 4s subshell is completely filled but 3d subshell is neither completely filled nor half-filled. Due to inter electronic repulsion forces one 4s- electrons transfer to a 3d subshell to acquire the observed configuration as 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^54s^1. In the 3d and 4s subshell have extra stability due to half-filled orbitals and gives special stability to atom too.
Similarly copper has expected electronic configuration 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^94s^2. The inter- electronic repulsion forces one 4s electron to enter 3d subshell. The observed electronic configuration of copper is 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^{10}4s^1. There is extra stability due to the completely filled 3d subshell and half-filled 4s subshell.
The extra stability of half-filled and completely filled subshells can be explained depending on symmetry. There is the symmetrical distribution of electrons in these subshells which allows the maximum exchange of electrons and makes the element more stable.
Soft elements of d block occur as sulphide minerals, whereas more electropositive hard metals occur as oxides.
The oxides are reduced with carbon and sulphide ores are roasted in air to get directly the metal or its oxide which is subsequently reduced to get the metal.
Titanium occurs in the combined state. It is found in small quantities in coal, clay, rocks, sand, etc. Vanadium occurs as vanadate of lead, zinc, copper, etc. in the ores vanadinite and carnotite. Chromium occurs in the ores chromite (FeO, Cr_2O_3), Chrome ore (Cr_2O_3). Crocoisite (PbCrO_4), etc.
Manganese does not occur in a free state but mainly occurs in pyrolusite ore (MnO_2) and other minerals. The abundance of iron is next to aluminium in the earth's crust. It occurs in free as well as combined states.
Cobalt is associated with nickel and arsenic, and also in traces in the soil. Nickel is invariably associated with cobalt in its ores.
Copper is found in rocks, soil, sea, mineral waters and in ores like cuprite (Cu_2O), malachite (CuCO_3, Cu(OH)_2), azurite [2CuCO_3, Cu(OH)_2], etc.
Zinc is found in nature in association with silver, copper, lead and platinum in their ores.
General Characteristics of Transition Elements
- Most of the transition elements exhibit metallic properties such as malleability, ductility, metallic lustre, etc.
- Since both (n-1)d and ns electrons take part in metallic bonding in transition metals, the number of electrons taking part in metallic bonding is quite high. Hence they involve strong metallic bonding and have compact structures. Therefore they have high density and high melting and boiling points.
- They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
- In the transition metals (n-1) d and ns electrons are of nearly the same energy level. Therefore most of these electrons take part in chemical bonding. Hence, they exhibit variable oxidation states.
- In most of the cations of the transition metals, there are unpaired electrons.
- Transition elements form a large number of complexes.
- Transition metals and their compounds have catalytic properties.
- Transition metals form organometallic compounds.
The densities of d-block elements are relatively higher as compared to s-block elements due to an increase in nuclear charge, which increases the force of attraction with the nucleus and reduces the size of the atom. Hence with a reduction in the size of the atom its density increases and in a period density goes on increasing from left to right.
In general ionisation enthalpy of members of the 3d series increases with the increase of atomic number and decrease of size.
Periodic Properties General Trends in Properties of d-Block Elements
The General Trends in Properties of First Row Elements are as follows:
Metallic Character
All the transition elements are metals and exhibit all the properties which are characteristics of metals. They are hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile and possess high tensile strength. They have high thermal and electrical conductivity. Their melting points and boiling points are quite high. Nearly all transition metals have the simple hexagonal close-packed (hcp), cubic closed packed (ccp) or body-centred cubic(bcc) lattices which are characteristic of true metals.
- The metallic character of transition elements may be attributed to their low ionization enthalpies and the presence of several vacant orbitals in their outermost shell. This favours the formation of metallic bonds in them, hence exhibiting typical metallic properties.
- The hardness of these metals indicates the presence of covalent bonds in them. It is possible due to the presence of unpaired electrons in them. The d-orbitals containing unpaired electrons may overlap to form covalent bonds.
- The higher the number of unpaired electrons present in a transition metal atom, the more is the number of covalent bonds formed by it and the greater is the strength and hardness of the metal. The metals such as Cr, Mo and W have a maximum number of unpaired d-electrons. Therefore, these details are very hard. On the other hand, Zn, Cd, Hg are not very hard because they do not have unpaired d-elections.
- Since transition elements exhibit metallic properties and are quite hard, it appears that both metallic and covalent bonding exist together in these elements.
- The melting points and boiling points of transition metals are very high compared to those of representative elements. Ongoing across the period the melting points first increase, attain a maximum value and then steadily decrease as the atomic number increases.
- Except for lanthanum and silver, all other elements have very high melting points, whereas Zn, Cd and Hg are T also exceptions as the elements in which d^{10} orbitals are full hence have low melting points less than 1000K.
- The high melting and boiling points of transition metals are due to their close-packed structures. In these structures, the transition metal atoms are held together by strong metallic bonds which have notable covalent character. It requires a considerable amount of energy to break the metallic bonds in order to melt the metal. Hence these metals have very high melting points and boiling points.
- The strength of metallic bonds depends upon the number of unpaired electrons. The greater the number of unpaired electrons, the stronger is the metallic bonding. In a particular transition series, the number of unpaired electrons in (n-1) d subshell increases up to the middle i.e. up to d configuration. Therefore, the strength of the metallic bonds increases and hence the melting points and boiling points increase up to the d^5 configuration.
- Beyond d^5 configuration the electrons start pairing up and the number of unpaired electrons decreases steadily on moving further in the given series. This progressively decreases the strength of the metallic bonds and hence melting and boiling points decrease progressively after the middle of the series. Consider the example of the first transition series. As the atomic number increases, the number of unpaired electrons in 3d subshell increases up to chromium (Sc has 1, Ti has 2, V has 3 and Cr has 5 unpaired electrons).
- Therefore the strength of metallic bonds and the melting and boiling points increase from Sc to C: Chromium has the maximum melting point in the first transition series. After Cr, the number of unpaired electrons goes on decreasing (Fe has 4, Co has 3, Ni has 2 unpaired electrons). Therefore the strength of metallic bonds and the melting and boiling points decrease from Cr to Cu.
- Zn, Cd, Hg have no unpaired. These metals are soft and have low melting and boiling points. Mercury (Hg) is liquid at room temperature and has a melting point of 234K. The unexpectedly lower melting point of Mn and Tc are probably due to the complicated lattice structure. These metals have low values for enthalpies of atomization.
- Transition elements (except Zn, Cd, Hg) are much harder and less volatile. They exhibit high enthalpies of atomization. The maximum value lies at about the middle of each series indicating that inter-atomic interactions increase with the number of unpaired d-electrons.
- Because of the large number of valence electrons involving ns and (n-1)d orbitals in transition metals, they have strong metallic bonding due to which these metals possess high densities. Osmium (Os) has the highest density (22.6 g/cm^{-3} ) where scandium (Sc) has the lowest (2.99 g/cm^{-3}) and is the lightest transition element.
Ionization Enthalpy
- The ionization enthalpies of transition elements lie between those of s block and p block elements. They are higher than those of s block elements and lower than those of p block elements.
- The ionization enthalpies of transition metals are quite high and lie between those of block and p block elements. The atomic radii and nuclear charge of the transition metals lie between those of block and p block elements. They possess smaller atomic radii and higher nuclear charge as compared to those of s-block elements. But the reverse is the trend when compared with p-block elements.
- The first ionization enthalpy increases with an increase in atomic number across a given transition series, although the increase is not very regular. The added electron enters into (n-1) d-subshell and shields the valence electrons from the nucleus. Thus, the effect of the increased nuclear charge is opposed by the screening effect of (n-1) d-electrons. Therefore, the increase in ionization enthalpy with an increase in atomic number is rather slow and not very regular
- The first ionization enthalpies of elements of the third transition series are higher than those of the elements of the first and second transition series.
- The atoms of elements of the third transition series possess filled 4f-orbitals. 4f orbitals exhibit a poor shielding effect on account of their peculiar diffused shape. As a result, the valence electrons experience greater nuclear attraction. Consequently, it requires a greater amount of energy to ionize elements of the third transition series. Therefore,
the ionization enthalpies of the elements of the third transition series are much higher than those of the first and second series.
Thermodynamic Stability of Transition Metal Compounds
The ionization enthalpy values of transition metals can be used to predict the thermodynamic stability of their compounds. The smaller the sum of ionization enthalpies needed for transition metals to attain a particular oxidation state, the greater is the stability of the compounds of that metal in that particular oxidation state.
For example, nickel (II) compounds, are thermodynamically more stable than platinum (II) compounds, whereas platinum (IV) compounds are more stable than nickel (IV) compounds.
Oxidation States
Energies of ns and (n-1) d levels are almost the same. Therefore, electrons from these levels are available for chemical bonding. Hence, the transition metals form compounds showing more than one (variable) oxidation state.
The transition metals of the first series have two electrons in their outermost shell with the exception of chromium and copper (4s^1). Hence the lowest oxidation states of these elements are +1 or +2 which is due to their 4s electrons. The 3d electrons, one after another take part in chemical bonding. Hence in addition to +2, there are
as many oxidation states as the number of 3d electrons. Variable oxidation states are illustrated in Table.
|Outer Electronic Configuration
|Oxidation States
|Outer Electronic Configuration
|Oxidation State
|+2, +3
|3d 4s2
|+1,+2,+3,+4,+5, +6
|+2,+3,+4,+5, +6, +7
- Sc (3d^1 4s^2) show +2 and +3 oxidation states but Mn(3d^54s^2) exhibits a maximum number of oxidation states. i.e. from +2 to +7.
- From Fe onwards as the number of unpaired electrons in 3d orbital decreases, the
- Scandium (Z=21) has an electronic configuration 3d^2 4s^2. It has two oxidation states, +2 (3d^1) and +3 (3d). The +3 oxidation state is more stable, hence scandium forms compounds mainly in its +3 oxidation state.
- Titanium has the outer electronic configuration 3d^2 4s^2. Therefore +2 (3d^2), +3 (3d^1) and +4 (3d) are the number of variable oxidation states. Here +4 oxidation state is more stable.
- Vanadium with the outer electronic configuration 3d^5 4s^1 shows +2 (3d^3), +3 (3d^3), +4 (3d^2) +5(3d^1) and +6(3d^0) oxidation states. Here +5 oxidation state is more stable.
- Chromium with the outer electronic configuration 3d 4s' should show +1 (3d^5), +2 (3d^4), +3 (3d^3), +4 (3d^2). Chromium forms stable salts like chromate (K_2Cr_2O_7), dichromate (K_2Cr_2O_7,) and chromyl chloride (CrO_2Cl_2) in its +6 oxidation
- state. Chromium is a very good oxidizing agent in its +6 oxidation state.
- Manganese with 3d^5 4s^2 as the outer electronic configuration shows oxidation states ranging from +2 (3d^5) to +7 (3d^0). The +2 oxidation state is very stable as it has exactly a half-filled state. The salts in +2 oxidation states are known as manganous or manganese salts. Example: MnCl_2. The +3 and +5 oxidation states of manganese
- are unstable. Manganese dioxide MnO_2 in its +4 oxidation state is very stable. Manganese forms manganate (KMnO_4) in its +6 oxidation state and permanganate (KMnO_4) in its +7 oxidation state. Mn in +7 oxidation state is a very good oxidizing agent.
- Iron (3d^{10}4s^1), Cobalt (3d^{10}4s^1) and Nickel (3d^84s^2) show +2 and +3 oxidation states.
- Iron forms salts in +2 as well as +3 oxidation states. The +3 oxidation state is more stable and the compounds are called ferric compounds. Compounds of iron with a +2 oxidation state are called ferrous compounds. Iron in the +2 oxidation state is a good reducing agent. The compounds of iron in +6 oxidation states have been prepared. They are known as ferrates. E.g. Potassium ferrate, K_2FeO_4 Oxidation states of +4 and +5 of iron are less stable. Cobalt and nickel form salts in their +2 as well as in +3 oxidation states. However, the salts are in their +2 oxidation states.
- Copper (3d^{10} 4s^1) and zinc (3d^{10} 4s^2) exhibit +2 oxidation state. Copper salts in the +1 oxidation state are called cuprous salts. Copper salts in +2 oxidation states are known as copper or cupric salts. Zinc shows only a +2 oxidation state.
The highest oxidation states of transition metals are found in fluorides and oxides since fluorine and oxygen are the most electronegative elements. The highest oxidation state shown by any transition element is +8. Both Os and Ru show +8 oxidation states but the most stable oxidation state is of Os in OsO_4. Manganese shows +7 as the highest oxidation state in MnO_4^-. The most common oxidation state of 3d^-transition metals is +2 (except Sc which shows a +3 oxidation state). Mostly ionic bonds are formed in +2 and +3 oxidation states. But in higher oxidation states covalent bonds are formed. For example, MnO_4 co where manganese and chromium show +7 and +6 oxidation states all the bonds between metal atoms and oxygen are covalent. Higher oxidation states are stabilized by atoms of high electronegativity like O or F whereas lower oxidation states (zero or +1) are stabilized by ligands that can accept electrons from the metal through it bonding. (such as Co). Fe^{+3} is powerful oxidizing agent than Fe^{2+}
Atomic and Ionic Radii
The atomic size of the elements of the 3d series gradually decreases up to Cr and then remains almost constant for a few more elements and then increases slightly towards the end of the series.
- In 3d series the decrease in the atomic radii is small and it takes place from scandium to chromium. Then it remains practically constant up to copper and then increases. At the
- beginning with the increase in the atomic number the nuclear charge increases. Still, the effective nuclear charge increases slightly as the added electron enters the penultimate d orbital and increases the screening effect. Slightly from scandium to chromium. In the middle of the series with an increase in the number of d-electrons, the increase in the nuclear charge and increase in the screening effect balance each other and this leads to
- constancy in the atomic radii.
- Towards the end of the series when electron pairing takes place in more and more of the d orbitals, the repulsive interaction between the added electrons in each orbital is more than the attractive force due to the increase in the nuclear charge. Hence the orbitals slightly expand and atomic radii marginally increase. In the 3d series, this happens in the case of zinc.
- Ionic radii also follow a similar trend as observed in the atomic radii values. Transition elements show variable oxidation states. Hence while comparing the ionic radii one of the following two criteria is to be followed.
- For comparison, the ionic radii of all the transition elements in the same oxidation state are to be considered. In general ionic radii decrease with an increase in the oxidation state. For the same oxidation state, the ionic radii generally decrease with an increase in the nuclear charge in a given transition series. This trend is more pronounced for the divalent ions of the elements belonging to the first transition series. The gradual decrease in ionic radii in going from Ti^{2+} ion to Cu^{2+} ion is due to an increase in effective nuclear charge.
- The ionic radii of a given element in the various oxidation state if compared we observe that the ionic radii decrease with an increase in the oxidation state. This is due to the increase of the effective nuclear charge. Ionic radii of the transition elements are smaller than those of the representative elements of the same period.
The colour of a substance depends upon the absorption of light of a particular wavelength, of visible lights (400 to 800 nm). Most of the compounds of transition metals are coloured in their solid or solution form. The colour of the compounds of the transition metals may be attributed to the presence of incomplete (n-1) d orbital and the number of unpaired electrons. In these compounds, the energies of the five orbitals in the same subshell do not remain the same or equal.
The transition metal ions with no unpaired electrons are colourless. Eg. Se^{3+}(3d), Ti^{4+} (3d^{10}), Cut (30) and Zn^{2+} (3d^{10}).
Ions with unpaired electrons are coloured. Ions with electronic configuration 3d to 3d are coloured
The Colour of transition metal compounds can be explained on the basis of the d-d transition of electrons. The transition to such small transitions is available within the visible range. Therefore, transition metal ions absorb certain radiations to higher energy levels within the d-orbitals with the same principal quantum number is quite small. The energy corresponding to the visible region and appear coloured.
In a free metal ion, all the orbitals are at the same energy level (degenerate). However, when they are aquated or they are in the form of compounds, the five d-orbitals split into two groups. One group consist of three orbitals mainly d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{xz}, and they are of lower energy level.
In general, the colour of a transition ion can be related to
- The presence of unpaired d electrons
- d-d transition
- nature of groups i.e. ligands linked to the metal ions.
- the geometry of the complex formed by the metal ion.
Transition metals are coloured due to d-d transition and charge transfer. Colour due to d-d transition is shown by transition metal compounds containing d^1, d^2, d^3, d^4, d^5, d^6, d^7, d^8, d^9, systems. The compounds containing d^0 and d^{10} configurations are colourless as there is no possibility of dd transitions.
Catalytic Properties
Many transition metals and complexes are used as catalysts which influence the rate of a chemical reaction. The rate of a chemical reaction, increases by the decrease in energy of activation of the reactants. This decrease is caused by the catalyst, probably altering the path of the reaction. According to the theory of catalysis, a catalytic substance is capable of forming an unstable intermediate compound that readily decomposes yielding the product and regenerating the catalyst.
The transition elements on account of their variable oxidation states are able to form unstable intermediates. These elements also provide a large surface area for reactants to be adsorbed and bring them closer to one another for the reaction to occur. Many transition metals are used as catalysts for reactions. The commonly used transition metals as catalysts are Fe, Co, Pt, Cr, Mn, etc.
- MnO_2 acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of KClO_3 to O_2.
- The nickel acts as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of oils to fats.
- Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of H_2SO_4 by contact process.
- Fe(III) catalyzes the reaction between iodide and persulphate ions.
- Titanium chloride (Ziegler-Natta catalyst) is used in the manufacture of high-density polythene.
- In the manufacture of ammonia, Fe with Mo is used as a catalyst.
- Co-Th alloy is used in the Fischer Tropschin process in the synthesis of gasoline.
The catalytic property of 3d series elements can be explained as follows:
- Because of variable oxidation states, transition metals easily absorb and re-emit a wide range of energies to provide necessary activation energy.
- Because of the presence of free valencies on the surface, they can adsorb the reacting molecules, thereby increasing the concentration of the reactants on the surface and hence the rate of reaction increases.
Formation of Interstitial Compounds
Transition metals have defects in their crystal lattice. The transition metals form a number of interstitial compounds with elements such as hydrogen. carbon, nitrogen. boron, etc. Interstitial compounds are those which are formed when small atoms like H, C or N are trapped inside the interstitial spaces in the crystal lattice of metals. They are usually non-stoichiometric in nature as cannot be represented by definite composition and are neither typically ionic nor covalent. The small atoms of these elements (C, N, H, B, etc.) occupy the vacant spaces (interstices) in the lattice of transition metals resulting in the formation of interstitial compounds. For example, TiC, TiH_{1.73}, Mn_4N, Fe_3H VH_{0.56}, ZrH_{1.92} etc. These compounds have variable compositions hence formulae given do not have any normal oxidation state of the metal. As the vacant spaces present in the lattice of these metals get filled up, they provide them with new properties.
- Their chemical properties are the same as that of the parent metal
- These interstitial compounds are hard and show electrical and thermal conductivity and luster.
- They have high melting points, higher than those of pure metals as the metal -nonmetal bonds are stronger than metal-metal bonds in pure metals.
- Their densities are less than the parent metal.
- Hydrides of transition metals are used as powerful reducing agents.
- The metallic carbides are chemically inert and extremely hard as diamond.
- Steel and cast iron are examples of interstitial compounds of iron and carbon. In these compounds, the malleability and ductility of iron are lost to a lesser or greater extent, whereas the tenacity of metal increases.
Alloy Formation
The transition metals form a number of alloys among themselves. These alloys are hard and often have high melting points. The various types of alloys-steels and stainless steel are in fact the alloys of iron with metals such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, etc.
The tendency of transition metals to form alloys among themselves may be attributed to the fact that their atomic sizes are very similar. Due to almost similar atomic sizes, one metal can easily replace the other metal from its lattice to form a solid solution called an alloy. Thus the transition metals are miscible with one another in the molten state. The molten state solution of two or more transition metals on cooling forms alloy. The alloys are formed by atoms only when the metallic radii are within the limit of about 15 per cent of each other. Because of similar radii and other characteristics of transition metals, alloys are readily formed by these metals. Alloys of transition metals with non-transition metals such as brass (Cu-Zn) and bronze (Cu-Sn) are also possible. They have industrial importance.
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