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Polymicrogyria is one of the most common malformations of cortical development. It has been known for many years and its clinical and MRI manifestations are well described. Recent advances in imaging, however, have revealed that polymicrogyria has many different appearances on MR imaging, suggesting that is may be a more heterogeneous malformation than previously suspected. The clinical and imaging heterogeneity of polymicrogyria is explored in this review.
Polymicrogyria is a malformation of cortical development in which the process of normal cerebral cortical development is disturbed late in the stage of neuronal migration or early in the stage of cortical organization; thus, it is considered a disorder of neuronal organization [1]. As a result of these disturbances to the developmental process, the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex develop abnormally and multiple small gyri form within the cortex [2]. Polymicrogyria has a range of histologic appearances, all having in common a derangement of the normal six-layered lamination of the cortex, an associated derangement of sulcation, and fusion of the molecular layer across sulci [3–5]. In areas of polymicrogyria, no normal sulci are seen. Causes of polymicrogyria include congenital infection (particularly cytomegalovirus infection [6, 7]), localized or diffuse in utero ischemia [8, 9], or mutations (Table 1) [10–23].
Patients with polymicrogyria may have a wide variety of clinical presentations, ranging from hemiparesis or partial epilepsy to developmental delay, quadriparesis, and medically refractory, intractable epilepsy; the neurologic disability appears to depend upon the portion[s] of brain involved, but may also depend upon the type of polymicrogyria and the presence or absence of associated anomalies. Neurologic manifestations are similar among patients who have polymicrogyria due to different causes [6, 22, 24, 25]. The severity of the clinical presentation and age at presentation depend mostly upon the extent of cortical involvement; bilateral involvement and involvement of more than half of a single hemisphere are poor prognostic indicators, portending moderate to severe developmental delay and significant motor dysfunction [25].
Polymicrogyria affects variable portions of the cerebral cortex: it may be focal, multifocal, or diffuse; it may be unilateral, bilateral, and asymmetrical; or bilateral and symmetrical. The most common location (in 60–70% of cases [26]) is around the sylvian fissure, particularly the posterior aspect of the fissure; however, any part of the cerebral cortex, including the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes, can be affected [3, 24–28]. Polymicrogyria may be an isolated malformation or it may be associated with other brain malformations; when other malformations are identified, the most common are corpus callosum agenesis and hypogenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia [29], periventricular nodular heterotopia [30], and subcortical heterotopia [31]. Affected patients may be microcephalic, normocephalic, or macrocephalic [22].
Several specific syndromes are associated with cerebral polymicrogyria (Table 2). Some of the best known of these are Aicardi syndrome (OMIM 304050 [32, 33]), Delleman syndrome (oculo-cerebral-cutaneous syndrome, OMIM 164180 [34, 35]), DiGeorge syndrome (OMIM 188400, also called the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in which several genes are deleted [19]), Warburg Micro syndrome (OMIM 600118 [36–38]), and D-bifunctional protein deficiency (OMIM 261515) [39]. Many others will likely be found.
The imaging appearance of polymicrogyria is variable. This variability is most likely a result of three factors: imaging factors (amount of gray matter–white matter contrast, thickness of the slices); the stage of maturity/myelination of the brain at the time of the imaging study; and, in all likelihood, the type of PMG. In a previous analysis of PMG, I noted that it can have a coarse appearance or a delicate appearance and that the appearance seen in the so-called cobblestone malformations differs from that seen in most bilateral polymicrogyria syndromes [40]. The precise reasons for these differing appearances are not known, but the development of the cerebral cortex is so complex that it is not surprising that disruptions of the processes of late cortical migration and cortical organization at different stages might result in slightly different malformations. The cortical surface can have multiple small, delicate gyri (Fig. 1) or appear thick and irregularly bumpy (Fig. 2) or be paradoxically smooth (Fig. 3) because the outer cortical (molecular) layer fuses over the microsulci. Sometimes the cortex appears thick and coarse (with an appearance of "palisades" of cortex [40], (Fig. 4)), while other times the microgyri appear fine and delicate (Fig. 1), even when the brains are similarly myelinated. However, these variations in appearance may not be detectable on routine, 5-mm thick images. Therefore, images with thin sections and optimal gray matter–white matter contrast [we acquire volume 3DFT spoiled gradient acquisition (T1 weighted) and volume 3DFT fast spin echo (T2 weighted) images, both in the sagittal plane with ≤1.5 mm partition size] should always be acquired. Evaluation in three planes is often necessary to detect irregularities of the gray matter–white matter junction, which are often the most convincing evidence of dysplastic brain (Fig. 3) [41]; this is most easily accomplished via volumetric acquisition with display in all three orthogonal planes (sagittal, axial, and coronal). The volume acquisitions can be displayed as three-dimensional surface images (Fig. 5) and can be utilized for stereotactic localization, aiding in surgical therapy, if appropriate. The degree of myelination affects the appearance. In unmyelinated regions, the inner surface of the polymicrogyric cortex looks thin [2–3 mm] and bumpy, while in myelinated areas it looks thicker (5–8 mm) and relatively smooth [42]. The reason proposed for this is that a 4–5 mm layer of gliotic white matter runs through the polymicrogyric cortex, blending in with white matter in the unmyelinated brain and blending in with cortex after myelination [42]. Finally, as stated earlier, polymicrogyria is almost certainly a heterogeneous malformation that can have many different appearances: thick and coarse, fine and delicate, with shallow or deep sulci. Whatever the reason, it is important to realize that a spectrum of cortical appearances, all having some sort of small gyri, can be seen in patients with polymicrogyria.
In addition to the variability of the appearance of polymicrogyria, the location of polymicrogyria is extremely variable. It may be superficial, with the cortex appearing flat and congruent to the arc of normal cortex, or may course radially inward, as if it were buckled or folded toward the ventricle. This infolding of cortex may be small or large, but close examination will show that the cortical features are similar [bumpy, irregular inner and outer cortical surfaces] in both the superficial and radially folded types. Polymicrogyria may be unilateral (∼40%) or bilateral (∼60%). The cortex surrounding the sylvian fissures is involved in ∼80% of cases, with the frontal lobe being most commonly involved (∼70%), followed by parietal (63%), temporal (38%), and occipital (7%) lobes [28]. The striate cortex, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and gyrus rectus are typically spared [28]. Polymicrogyria is sometimes calcified, but it is difficult to know the frequency because few patients are studied with CT. It is not clear if the calcification is of any significance. Finally, it is important to recognize that anomalous venous drainage is common in areas of dysplastic cortex [43], seen in up to 51% of patients with polymicrogyria [28]. Large vessels are especially common in regions where there is a large infolding of thickened cortex. Such large vessels, when seen in association with abnormal, thickened cortex, should not be mistaken for vascular malformations. Angiography is not indicated.
Several syndromes of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria have been described; these should be recognized by neuroimagers. The best known and most common of these is bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (also called congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome [44]). This syndrome may be sporadic or familial [15, 45]. The heterogeneous inheritance patterns suggest that mutations of several different genes can cause this malformation [45]; three locations (Xq21.33-q23 (SRPX2), 22q11.2, and Xq28) have been identified [13, 19, 20, 22]. Sporadic cases tend to present with more severe neurologic manifestations. A syndrome of developmental pseudobulbar palsy (oropharyngeal dysfunction and dysarthria, 100%), epilepsy (80–90%), mental retardation (50–80%), and, sometimes, congenital arthrogryposis has been described [44, 46–48]. Other patients are brought to attention in infancy or early childhood because of delayed development (60%), palatal dysfunction (40%), hypotonia (30%), arthrogryposis (30%), or motor deficits (25%) [47, 49]. Seizures are present in 40–60% and may be of many clinical types [47, 49]. Studies of familial cases of congenital bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria show a lower incidence of these clinical manifestations [45, 50], possibly because patients with minimal symptoms are more readily identified and examined. A developmental reading disorder and reading impairment without severe motor or cognitive handicap may be the cause of seeking medical attention in this group [51]. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria can be graded according to severity on MRI (with grade 1 the most severe and grade 4 the mildest) [50]: Grade 1, with perisylvian polymicrogyria extending to the frontal or occipital pole (Fig. 6); Grade 2, with polymicrogyria extending beyond the perisylvian region but not to either pole (most common, Fig. 7); Grade 3, with polymicrogyria of the perisylvian region only (Fig. 8); and Grade 4, with polymicrogyria restricted to the posterior perisylvian regions.
Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria is another well-defined syndrome [12, 52]. Affected patients are characterized by global developmental delay of at least moderate severity, seizures, disconjugate gaze, and bilateral pyramidal and cerebellar signs [52]. MR demonstrates symmetric cortical dysgenesis affecting the frontoparietal regions most severely, as well as ventriculomegaly, bilateral white matter signal changes, and small brainstem and cerebellar structures with dysmorphic cerebellar cortex (Fig. 9). The presence of the white matter changes and the posterior fossa anomalies is very uncommon for polymicrogyria syndromes. In addition, the cortical malformation itself has a slightly different appearance than that of most polymicrogyria. Indeed, the overall appearance of the brain is more similar to that of the so-called cobblestone malformations, associated with congenital muscular dystrophies and resulting from abnormalities of linkage of radial glial cells to the pial basement membrane overlying the developing cortex [53, 54]. Further research has shown that the pial basement membrane is regulated by GPR56, the gene that causes BFPP when mutated [55], and that mutations of GPR56 cause gaps in the pial basement membrane and abnormal linkage of radial glial cells to that membrane [55]. Therefore, this disorder may fit better into the cobblestone malformations. Moreover, this observation raises the question of what precisely defines polymicrogyria and whether the different types of polymicrogyria should be analyzed and distinguished.
Other syndromes of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria have been described [56]. Several groups have described patients with spastic quadriparesis and epilepsy, on whom imaging shows bilateral symmetrical frontal polymicrogyria (Fig. 10) [57]. Guerrini et al. have described patients with bilateral medial parietal-occipital polymicrogyria (Fig. 11) [27, 58]. Other patients have combinations of the above-mentioned patterns (Fig. 2); thus, it appears that any region of cortex may be involved by bilateral, symmetrical polymicrogyria [56]. A syndrome of congenital hemiplegia and epilepsy has been described in patients with large areas of unilateral polymicrogyria [59]. These patients typically present in infancy with delayed motor development. A familial syndrome of unilateral polymicrogyria has also been described [60].
A syndrome of megalencephaly with polymicrogyria and hydrocephalus has been described. Affected children present at birth or in early infancy with macrocephaly and hypotonia; delayed motor and cognitive development become evident as they grow. Epilepsy, postaxial polydactyly, cutis marmorata, midface capillary malformation, and coarse facial features are frequently present [61–65]. Imaging reveals ventriculomegaly (from hydrocephalus) and polymicrogyria, which is most severe in the perisylvian region (typically Grade 1 or 2). This disorder is now thought to include those previously called megalencephaly–polymicrogyria–polydactyly–hydrocephalus syndrome and macrocephaly capillary malformation syndromes [63–65].
In summary, polymicrogyria is not a single entity, but a group of disorders that has many causes and many clinical and radiological phenotypes. Imaging characteristics may be useful in helping to differentiate the different types of polymicrogyria, which may appear as one component of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes or as isolated CNS malformation. It is important for neuroimagers to acquire high-quality images in affected patients and carefully analyze the images to help to optimize the diagnosis and treatment.
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A.J. Barkovich is funded by NIH R01 NS058721, R01 NS46432, and R37 NS35129.
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I declare that I have no conflict of interest.
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Barkovich, A.J. Current concepts of polymicrogyria. Neuroradiology 52, 479–487 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-009-0644-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-009-0644-2
- Polymicrogyria
- Epilepsy
- Malformations of cortical development
- Magnetic resonance imaging


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The following links are to videos I prepared for worship for Saint John Hill United Church of Christ, Boyertown, Pennsylvania, during the pandemic of 2020. At first I only prepared the sermon at home, and sent it in to our secretary. Then I prepared all of the spoken parts of the service at home, and sent it to the secretary, who provided links to Youtube videos for the hymns, slides for the scriptures and unison parts of the service, and inserted music provided by our organist. In August we bagan to hold services in the sanctuary. The video then included the whole service in the sanctuary of the church.
22 March 2020 Sermon
. Sermon only.
5 April 2020 Service
. Palm Sunday service. The secretary provided links to hymns on you tube, slides of the scriptures and spoken parts of the service, and music provided by the church organist, all of which do not appear here.
17 May 2020 Service
. Another service, with limitations similar to the previous entry.
16 August 2020 devotion
. We returned to indoor worship in August, providing the video of the service on line. On this date we had an outdoor service, and did not have the technical capability of recording the outdoor service. So I provided this devotion for the benefit of those who did not wish to attend in person.
11 October 2020 Service
. This service is the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of my ordination. In the Sermon I describe some of my spiritual journey. The service included a video of persons offering congratulations, which does not appear on this link.
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Church History and other writings by Charles Maxfield

subset: commoncrawl


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Cooking app for iOS which implements a reverse-recipie function where the user inputs ingredients they have at home and our app returns a list of meals they can make out of those ingredients. When the user taps on one of the meals they are able to make it will tell the user directions for making the dish. The app will also implement a QR scanner where we will request grocery stores to print a QR code on each receipt. By scanning the QR code the user will be able to see meals they can make out of the ingredients they purchased at their grocery store. In total, this app is a simplistic alternative towards culinary instruction and we will focus our primary target market on generation X while our secondary target market consists of health-cautious young adults.
Partner APIs: Pebble: cooking instructions will be able to appear on pebble ImageShack: providing Blend It with images of ingredients and meals Facebook: Users will be able to share meals they have cooked with their Facebook contacts Google: For providing miscellaneous information regarding ingredients and meals such as nutritional value and preparation time
External APIs: Yummly: Contains a database for recipies of over 1 million meals, parameters for ingredients can be passed through and we can use Yummly API to filter out meals which can be made with the user's ingredients


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Four Leipzig Glocal friends and contributors shared their insights and concerns about this upcoming pivotal election with us. Find out what Gabriel, Indigo, Mohamed, and Chloé have to say about this momentous election.More
Leipzig Migrants' Council member Mohamed Okasha reflects on this upcoming federal election from the point of view of migrants.More
In an exclusive interview with LeipGlo, Ken Toko, U.S. Consul General in Leipzig, gets candid about his family, career, beginnings, current events, international relations, and how he has been coping with the COVID-19 pandemic.More
Georgiana Oprea interviewed three politically active women from the Romanian community. In light of this year's Migrants' Council election, she highlights the importance and challenges of Romanians living in Leipzig.More
I am inviting you, the reader, to participate in a "global silent protest" to free Armenian POWs (prisoners of war). It's happening this Tuesday, 6 p.m., at Augustusplatz in Leipzig. Have no clue what I'm talking about? Unfortunately, you're not alone. Last year, I wrote here on The Leipzig Glocal about my experience being inMore
Shafagh Aghaei is running for the Leipzig Migrants' Council second pillar selection process. Here, she shares her aspirations and the goals of her candidacy as well as her background and motivations to run.More


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Enemy Teaser: Face off between Vishal and Arya in this action packed thriller
Published On: 26 July 2021 | Kollywood | By: Saurabh S Nair
The movie is written and directed by Anand Shankar.
Actors Vishal and Arya's highly anticipated film Enemy was delivered on Saturday, July 24. Sharing the secret entertainer Arya noticed that he delighted in battling with his adversary in the film, entertainer Vishal. "Cherished battling out with #Enemy @VishalKOfficial," Arya's tweet read. With inauspicious music playing behind the scenes, the video begins with shots of both Vishal and Arya remaining solitary against a cityscape setting. We consider Arya to be a detainee. Establishing the vibe for an activity thrill ride, the mystery includes a progression of visuals showing high power activity arrangements.
What follows is a progression of visuals where we see Vishal pursuing Arya, while the last keeps on unleashing ruin—showing that Vishal probably assumes the part of a cop in the film. Towards the finish of the mystery, the couple meet.
Now, we hear an exchange from entertainer Prakash Raj, who states: "Do you realize who is the most perilous adversary on the planet? Your companion who has a deep understanding of you." The secret leaves watchers speculating if Vishal and Arya's characters were companions before they wound up battling against each other. The nearly two-minute video likewise includes looks at the close connection divided among Vishal and Mirnalini Ravi. Different entertainers including Mamta Mohandas, Thambi Ramaiah, Karunakaran and Prakash Raj have been roped in to assume significant parts in Enemy.
Loved fighting out with #Enemy @VishalKOfficial 🥊🥊😘😘— Arya (@arya_offl) July 24, 2021
Watch here (TAMIL) - https://t.co/GH9VCm62zb#ENEMY @anandshank @vinod_offl @MusicThaman @SamCSmusic @RDRajasekar @prakashraaj @shankaruppusamy @mirnaliniravi @mamtamohan @Thangavelramal1 @RIAZtheboss @divomovies
The movie is written and directed by Anand Shankar. With music by popular composer S Thaman and cinematography by RD Rajasekar, Enemy is produced by Vinod Kumar under his Mini Studio banner. Actors Arya and Vishal have teamed up earlier for director Bala's 2011 Tamil film Avan Ivan. Vishal was last seen in the recently released Tamil movie Chakra. He is also making his directorial debut with Thupparivaalan 2, which is the sequel of Mysskin's hit 2017 movie Thupparivaalan.
Meanwhile, actor Arya was recently seen in director Pa Ranjith's sports drama Sarpatta Parambarai, which was released on streaming platform Amazon Prime Video on July 22.
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Securing the Vote — National Academies report
In this November's election, could a computer hacker, foreign or domestic, alter votes (in the voting machine) or prevent people from voting (by altering voter registrations)? What should we do to protect ourselves?
The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine have released a report,  Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy about the cybervulnerabilities in U.S. election systems and how to defend them.  The committee was chaired by the presidents of Indiana University and Columbia University, and the members included 5 computer scientists, a mathematician, two social scientists, a law professor, and three state and local election administrators.  I served on this committee, and I am confident that the report presents the clear consensus of the scientific community, as represented not only by the members of the committee but also the 14 external reviewers—election officials, computer scientists, experts on elections—that were part of the National Academies' process.
The 124-page report, available for free download, lays out the scientific basis for our conclusions and our 55 recommendations.  We studied primarily the voting process; we did not address voter-ID laws, gerrymandering, social-media disinformation, or campaign financing.
There is no national election system in the U.S.; each state or county runs its own elections. But in the 21st century, state and local election administrators face new kinds of threats. In the 19th and 20th centuries elections did not face the threat of vote manipulation (and voter-registration tampering) from highly sophisticated adversaries anywhere in the world. Most state and local election administrators know they must improve their cybersecurity and adopt best practices, and the federal government can (and should) offer assistance.  But it's impossible to completely prevent all attacks; we must be able to run elections even if the computers might be hacked; we must be able to detect and correct errors in the computer tabulation.
Therefore, our key recommendations are,
4.11.  Elections should be conducted with human-readable paper ballots.  These may be marked by hand or by machine (using a ballot-marking device); they may be counted by hand or by machine (using an optical scanner).  Recounts and audits should be conducted by human inspection of the human-readable portion of the paper ballots.  Voting machines that do not provide the capacity for independent auditing (e.g., machines that do not produce a voter-verifiable paper audit trail) should be removed from service as soon as possible.
In our report, we explain why:Â voting machines can never be completely hack-proof, but with paper ballots we can–if we have to–count the votes independent of possibly hacked computers.
4.12.  Every effort should be made to use human-readable paper ballots in the 2018 federal election.  All local, state, and federal elections should be conducted using human-readable paper ballots by the 2020 presidential election.
5.8.  States should mandate risk-limiting audits prior to the certification of election results.  With current technology, this requires the use of paper ballots.  States and local jurisdictions should implement risk-limiting audits within a decade.  They should begin with pilot programs and work toward full implementation.  Risk-limiting audits should be conducted for all federal and state election contests, and for local contests where feasible.Â
In our report, we explain why:Â examining a small random sample of the paper ballots, and comparing with the results claimed by the computers, can assure with high confidence that the computers haven't been hacked to produce an incorrect outcome–or else, can provide clear evidence that a recount is needed.
5.11.  At the present time, the Internet (or any network connected to the Internet)  should not be used for the return of marked ballots.  Further, Internet voting should not be used in the future until and unless very robust guarantees of security and verifiability are developed and in place, as no known technology guarantees the secrecy, security, and verifiability of a marked ballot transmitted over the Internet.
4.1.  Election administrators should routinely assess the integrity of voter registration databases and the integrity of voter registration databases connected to other applications.  They should develop plans that detail security procedures for assessing voter registration database integrity and put in place systems that detect efforts to probe, tamper with, or interfere with voter registration systems.  States should require election administrators to report any detected compromises or vulnerabilities in voter registration systems to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission, and state officials.
Many of these recommendations are not controversial, in most states. Almost all the states use paper ballots, counted by machine; the few remaining states that use paperless touchscreens are taking steps to move to paper ballots; the states have not adopted internet voting (except for scattered ill-advised experiments); and many, many election administrators nationwide are professionals who are working hard to come up to speed on cybersecurity.
But many election administrators are not sure about risk-limiting audits (RLAs). They ask, "can't we just audit the digital ballot images that the machines provide?" No, that won't work: if the machine is hacked to lie about the vote totals, it can easily be hacked to provide fake digital pictures of the ballots themselves. The good news is, well designed risk-limiting audits, added to well-designed administrative processes for keeping track of batches of ballots, can be efficient and practical. But it will take some time and effort to get things going: the design of those processes, the design of the audits themselves, training of staff, state legislation where necessary. And it can't be a one-size-fits-all design: different states vote in different ways, and the risk-limiting audit must be designed to fit the state's election systems and methods. That's why we recommend pilots of RLAs as soon as possible, but a 10-year period for full adoption.
Many other findings and recommendations are in the report itself. For example, Congress should fully fund the Election Assistance Commission to perform its mission, authorize the EAC to set standards for voter-registration systems and e-pollbooks (not just voting machines); the President should nominate and Congress should confirm EAC commissioners.
But the real bottom line is: there are specific things we can do, at the state level and at the national level; and we must do these things to secure our elections so that we are confident that they reflect the will of the voters.
Source: Freedom and Security


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Tag: Photojojo
We are in Photojojo again!
(Image via Photojojo) Jules and I have found ourselves in the hallowed (internet) halls of Photojojo again!
My 2013 Project (aka #ProjectFilm)
I'm so excited about this project I couldn't wait till New Years to tell everyone.
Photojojo Secret Store Opening Party
This was one of my first store openings. Definitely the first with a keg.
San Francisco Botanical Garden Photowalk with GoogleSF
My first photowalk on the West Coast went down the way I feared the first Photowalk Alliance walk would have.
My 1st Modeling Experience (no, seriously)
Have you ever had one of those moments where an episode from a popular sitcom sticks in your head-and you later live it for real? For Jules and I, it was the "hand model" episode from "Seinfeld".
Instagramming in Burlingame
I always wondered what it would take for me to put down my DSLR and do a "Instagram" day shooting just with my phone.


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Jessica Delgado
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I have exactly the same problem, I just would like to remove this bar from the keyboard,.. Did anyone was able to remove it? Can you please share your solution? I'm afraid I'm going to have to un i...


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Based on these results, researchers concluded that ginger could help inhibit hair growth or even intentionally remove hair. If your hairs are falling off or if you wish to make your hairs fuller, then you need to take Ginger powder for hair growth. Ginger strengthens your hair from its roots to the tips and enables hair growth. Ginger supplements are available in the form of teas, capsules, and tablets. It is safe for your consumption. Apply on clean face and neck and leave it for 15-20 minutes. It's no longer news that a lot of people are battling against premature hair loss and others are trying, by all means, to improve the growth of their hair and ensure they continually have fuller hairs. It's thought that when scalp conditions clear up, hair growth may improve. The roots of the Zingiber officinale plant have been used for inflammation and gastrointestinal ailments in both traditional and conventional practices. We recommend it to you if you want a product that is affordable, yet efficient in improving hair growth.
So, it is essential to take care of your hair the same way you take care of your body. You can moisturize your hair with a ginger hair mask and your hair strands will absorb amazing benefits of ginger.
It tackles dryness and brittle hair, making your hair smooth and healthy.
Cool the concoction and then strain the liquid and set it aside in a container. It tackles dryness and brittle hair, making your hair smooth and healthy(. In case you have excessive hair fall, dandruff, dryness, and breakage, it could be because of any other conditions that you might have. All rights reserved. They help fight dandruff, lice and are useful to nourish your hair. For more information about these cookies and the data collected, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Blue Lily Organics Premium Ginger Root Ground (Non-Sulfite) 3 Pack X 1 Lb Certified Organic Non-GMO and Gluten Free, Ground Ginger Powder by Its Delish, 5 lbs, Frontier Co-op Organic Ginger Root Powder, 1 Pound Bulk Bag, Indus Organics Ginger Powder, 1 Lb Jar, Sulfite Free, Premium Grade, High Purity, Freshly Packed.
Ginger isn't considered a common medical treatment for keeping hair healthy, but some claim anecdotally that this spice may improve hair growth. Aloe Vera is rich in vitamin E which is essential for hair growth. While some anecdotal evidence touts the potential hair growth benefits of ginger, some clinical evidence suggests the complete opposite effects. Place a cap over your hair and leave on up to 30 minutes before rinsing out. It is an antioxidant which repairs and builds tissues.
Ginger is one multi-purpose powerhouse: Loaded with antioxidants, it's also a potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. Baking soda is excellent for clearing clogged hair follicles and exfoliating dead skin cells on your scalp. Ginger consists of circulatory agents, increasing the blood flow and circulation through scalp, improving the development of hair follicles. Areata and Androgenetic Alopecia +Treatments, Ginger For Hair Loss Before And After Effects (Step By Step Guide), Best Coconut Oils For Hair Loss And Hair Growth Reviews.


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Free U.S. shipping on orders over $80! x
This collection from Bunny Hill Designs features scattered florals in an array of reds. The Flower Farm is chic and elegant with a subtle palette that's calm and artistic. Pair these prints with coordinating Bella Solids from Moda Fabrics for some warm projects!
|Product Type
|Quilt Kits
|Fabric Collection
|The Flower Farm
|Fabric Designer
|Bunny Hill Designs
|Fabric Manufacturer
|Moda Fabrics
|Fabric Type
|100% Cotton
|Fabric Width
|Kit Type


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Light and human dream
Light and watching the light with the eye, where man dreams of many things when watching the light directly; Sometimes a person hurts himself and thinks about what will happen in his future life: either the worst or the best.
But trust alone decides human life!
But trust alone decides human life!


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BETHESDA, Md. (AP) _ Saul Centers Inc. (BFS) on Thursday reported a key measure of profitability in its third quarter. The results exceeded Wall Street expectations.
The real estate investment trust, based in Bethesda, Maryland, said it had funds from operations of $26.6 million, or 79 cents per share, in the period.
The average estimate of three analysts surveyed by Zacks Investment Research was for funds from operations of 77 cents per share.
Funds from operations is a closely watched measure in the REIT industry. It takes net income and adds back items such as depreciation and amortization.
The company said it had net income of $10.3 million, or 44 cents per share.
The real estate investment trust involved mostly in shopping malls posted revenue of $60.3 million in the period.
The company's shares have risen 55% since the beginning of the year. In the final minutes of trading on Thursday, shares hit $49.17, a rise of 97% in the last 12 months.
This story was generated by Automated Insights (http://automatedinsights.com/ap) using data from Zacks Investment Research. Access a Zacks stock report on BFS at https://www.zacks.com/ap/BFS
Copyright by Automated Insights, Inc. All rights reserved., source Associated Press News


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Job Description for Pathologists
Pathologists are physicians who study and diagnose disease. They work primarily in community hospitals, university medical centers and reference laboratories, although some also work in private industry. A relatively small number become coroners or medical examiners. According to employment website Salary, the average range of earnings for a pathologist was $243,804 to $341,264 as of December 2021.
Pathologist Education Requirements
Many pathologists begin planning their educational paths in high school by taking science and math courses. A bachelor's degree, usually in science or a related field, is required to enter medical school. While in med school, topics of study typically include biology, chemistry, physics, algebra, geometry, calculus and computer science, as well as pharmacology, human diseases and medical therapy. After graduating from medical school, candidates enter a residency program. Pathology fellowships offer extended training in the specialty. The total educational period might be as long as 12 to 15 years
Laboratory Work
Medical diagnoses are based on the examination of blood, tissues, organs and body cells. A pathologist interprets the results of these tests to determine if a disease is present and how serious or advanced it might be. In addition to laboratory examinations, some pathologists perform autopsies, or post mortems, which can contribute valuable information about the cause of death and other medical conditions.
Job Description for Pathologist
The job description for a pathologist can vary, depending on the employer and the specialized skills the pathologist is called upon to use. The medical director of a laboratory is usually a pathologist. Pathologists might also oversee blood banks to ensure that blood products are correctly managed and safe for administration. Microbiology - the study and identification of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that may cause infections - is another pathologist's responsibility.
The pathologist often makes recommendations to other physicians about the most effective drugs to treat infections. Clinical pathologists oversee blood and body fluid laboratory tests, while anatomic pathologists work directly with surgeons to provide an immediate diagnosis on surgical specimens. Forensic pathologists work in the legal system to interpret biological evidence and other medical issues in criminal and civil cases.
Pathology Sub-Specialties
Many physicians specialize and pathologists are no exception. According to the American Board of Pathology, there are three routes to primary certification before a specialty certification can be undertaken. The purpose of the primary certification is to prepare specialists for more advanced studies in their area of interest.Sub-specialty certification is available in the following areas\s:
- Blood banking/transfusion medicine
- Clinical informatics
- Cytopathology
- Dermatopathology
- Hematopathology
- Neuropathology
- Pathology - Chemical
- Pathology - Forensic
- Pathology - Medical Microbiology
- Pathology - Molecular Genetic
- Pathology - Pediatric
Writer Bio
Beth Greenwood is an RN and has been a writer since 2010. She specializes in medical and health topics, as well as career articles about health care professions. Greenwood holds an Associate of Science in nursing from Shasta College.


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EPA received 22 hardship waiver applications as of mid-December
In Washington, Reuters reports that refiners applied for a whopping 22 hardship waivers in 2018 as of mid-December, although the figure is below the record-breaking 29 application received by the Environmental Protection Agency in 2017. Just 15 applications were received by the EPA in November. The agency is currently reviewing its application approval process in an effort to make it more transparent following criticisms that waivers are handed out in an opaque manner, with far more approved than in prior years.
Category: Policy


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A few examples of films and videos we've produced in education
International womens day
A film we made to promote International Womens Day for Culford School. We worked with the women from the college to make the film which was written by the young women in the film.
Who we
are film
An overview film First Last Film made to show the breadth of offering at Culford School.
Course Promo
With pupils from around the world online course promotion has become more popular especially since the pandemic. This is a course promo we made for St Joseph's College.
Christmas Carols Concert Online
An online Christmas Carol Concert for St Joseph's college which we shot and put together.
Christmas Film
A fun Christmas film to show some of the great things at Culford school while also
Interviewing young children
Our teams are DBS checked and fantastic at working with young children to make sure you et all the hilarity that they have to give into your film.


text: Riggs was roaming in the streets and was picked up by the men working at the municipality. He was taken to the municipality awful pound when his rescuer found out about him and decided to rescue him and take him under her foster care. 2nd chance center stepped in and Riggs was taken to the center once there was available space for him.


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Joseph Sifakis
Joseph Sifakis
|26 December 1946 (age 76)
|Alma mater
|National Technical University of Athens
University of Grenoble
|Known for
|Model checking
|National Technical University of Athens University of Grenoble
|Scientific career
|Computer science
|CNRS, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Joseph Sifakis (Greek: Ιωσήφ Σηφάκης) is a Greek-French computer scientist. He received the 2007 Turing Award, along with Edmund M. Clarke and E. Allen Emerson, for his work on model checking.
Joseph Sifakis was born in Heraklion, Crete in 1946 and lives in France. He studied Electrical Engineering at the National Technical University of Athens and Computer Science at the University of Grenoble under a French scholarship. He received his engineering doctorate in 1974 from the University of Grenoble,[1] where he also received a state doctorate in 1979.[2][3][4]
He is currently Research Director Emeritus for the Centre national de la recherche scientifique at VERIMAG laboratory near Grenoble, of which he is the founder.[5][circular reference] Sifakis has been a leading figure in the fields of Model Checking and Embedded Systems. He founded with Edmund M. Clarke and Amir Pnueli the CAV conference, organized for the first time in Grenoble in 1989. He has been the coordinator of the ARTIST European Network of Excellence for research on Embedded Systems[6] (2004–2012).
Sifakis held the INRIA-Schneider endowed industrial chair[7] (2008–2011) and has been a full professor[8] and the Director of the «Rigorous System Design Laboratory » at the School of Computer and Communication Sciences of EPFL (2011–2016). He has been visiting professor at Tsinghua University (2011–2012) and is currently a visiting professor at SUSTech.
Sifakis has been the President of the Greek National Council for Research and Technology (2014–2016).
Sifakis worked on system verification and the application of formal methods to system design. In his state doctorate[3] he studied the principles of the algorithmic verification method known later as model checking. In 1982, this technique was applied in Jean-Pierre Queille's Ph.D. to develop the CESAR verification tool.[9]
Sifakis was the director of VERIMAG for fourteen years. Established initially as a mixed industrial laboratory between CNRS and Verilog SA., VERIMAG has collaborated with Airbus and Schneider Electric to develop methods and tools for the development of safety critical systems, in particular the SCADE synchronous programming environment based on the Lustre Language. Sifakis has worked on the verification of timed and hybrid systems with Thomas Henzinger[10][11] and the synthesis of timed systems with Amir Pnueli and Oded Maler[12]. He has participated to the development of verification tools including the IF toolset, Kronos, CADP, and TGV and has developed theory for coping with state explosion using abstraction techniques.
Over the past twenty years, his work has focused on rigorous component-based design using the BIP component framework[13] and more recently the design of trustworthy autonomous systems, self-driving cars in particular.
- Turing Award, 2007[14]
- Leonardo da Vinci Medal, 2012[15]
- Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit, France, 2008[16]
- Commander of the Legion of Honor, France, 2011[17]
- Member of the French Academy of Sciences, 2010[18]
- Member of Academia Europaea, 2008[19]
- Member of the French Academy of Engineering, 2008[20]
- Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2015[21]
- Member of the National Academy of Engineering, 2017[22]
- Foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019[23]
- ^ Sifakis, Joseph (22 March 1974). Modèles temporels des systèmes logiques (phdthesis thesis) (in French). Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I.
- ^ Sifakis, Joseph (25 June 1979). Le contrôle des systèmes asynchrones : concepts, propriétés, analyse statique (phdthesis thesis) (in French). Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble - INPG ; Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I.
- ^ a b At the time when Joseph Sifakis was a graduate student, there existed in France two levels of PhDs, the higher one, the doctorat d'état ("state doctorate") being necessary to access professorships. It has since been replaced by the habilitation.
- ^ :a b There were two science universities in Grenoble: the Université scientifique et médicale de Grenoble (USMG, Grenoble-1), which was later renamed to Joseph Fourier University, and the Grenoble Institute of Technology(INPG), later renamed to Grenoble-INP. VERIMAG is a joint laboratory of CNRS, Joseph Fourier University and Grenoble-INP.
- ^ "CNRS website - Joseph Sifakis, chercheur au CNRS, reçoit le Prix Turing 2007 (in French)".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
- ^ "ArtistDesign NoE - Strategic Management Board — Artist2 NoE". www.artist-embedded.org. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ^ Nouvelle, L'Usine (18 September 2008). "Une chaire Inria-Schneider" (in French).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires
- ^ Evangelista, Sandy (30 September 2011). "News at EPFL".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
- ^ Marniemi, J.; Parkki, M. G. (1 September 1975). "Radiochemical assay of glutathione S-epoxide transferase and its enhancement by phenobarbital in rat liver in vivo". Biochemical Pharmacology. 24 (17): 1569–1572. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(75)90080-5. ISSN 0006-2952. PMID 9.
- ^ Alur, R.; Courcoubetis, C.; Halbwachs, N.; Henzinger, T. A.; Ho, P. -H.; Nicollin, X.; Olivero, A.; Sifakis, J.; Yovine, S. (6 February 1995). "The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems". Theoretical Computer Science. Hybrid Systems. 138 (1): 3–34. doi:10.1016/0304-3975(94)00202-T. ISSN 0304-3975.
- ^ Henzinger, T. A.; Nicollin, X.; Sifakis, J.; Yovine, S. (1 June 1994). "Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems". Information and Computation. 111 (2): 193–244. doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1045. ISSN 0890-5401.
- ^ Maler, Oded; Pnueli, Amir; Sifakis, Joseph (1995). Mayr, Ernst W.; Puech, Claude (eds.). "On the synthesis of discrete controllers for timed systems". Stacs 95. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 900: 229–242. doi:10.1007/3-540-59042-0_76. ISBN 978-3-540-49175-0.
- ^ Basu, A.; Bozga, M.; Sifakis, J. (September 2006). "Modeling Heterogeneous Real-time Components in BIP". Fourth IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM'06): 3–12. doi:10.1109/SEFM.2006.27. ISBN 0-7695-2678-0. S2CID 1926067.
- ^ "Joseph Sifakis". awards.acm.org. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Awards – SEFI". Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ Decree of 16 May 2008 published in the Journal officiel de la République Française of 17 May 2008.
- ^ Decree of 13 July 2011 published in the Journal officiel de la République Française of 14 July 2008.]
- ^ "Joseph Sifakis | Liste des membres de l'Académie des sciences / S | Listes par ordre alphabétique | Listes des membres | Membres | Nous connaître". www.academie-sciences.fr. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Academy of Europe: Sifakis Joseph". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ https://academie-technologies-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/2020/06/24/06/46/20/8f0cbef7-2ba0-4ed4-be6f-cc9467251a42/LISTE%20MEMBRES%20AVEC%20COLLEGES%202020%20MAJ230620.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Member Directory | American Academy of Arts and Sciences". www.amacad.org. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "Professor Joseph Sifakis". NAE Website. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ^ "2019年中科院院士增选结果揭晓,64人当选_科学湃_澎湃新闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
External links[edit]
- Personal homepage
- Turing Award announcement
- List of publications: https://dblp.org/pid/s/JosephSifakis.html


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By Vickie Scullard • 27 November 2022 • 11:31
Credit: GP PHOTOTRENDS/Shutterstock.com.
The accident happened on Wednesday, November 23 in the municipality of Moraleda de Zafayona, which saw the lorry leave the carriageway and hit a wall before catching fire.
The incident was reported by onlookers who described the lorry as a post office vehicle, reports the Seaside Gazette.
It had apparently travelling on the eastbound lanes when it came into difficulty and hit a wall as it burst into flames.
Despite an ambulance and a fire engine from Loja being despatched, along with the Guardia Civil, the driver, who was trapped in the cab, was pronounced dead at the scene.
Fire officers extinguished the fire and the man was taken to hospital as the wreckage was cleared by motorway maintenance crews.
Earlier this month one person died in a horror accident that saw two vans and two cars collide on a motorway in Seville.
The accident took place on the SE-40 between the towns of Alcalá de Guadaíra and Dos Hermanas on November 9.
Firefighters in Alcalá de Guadaíra tweeted information and photos from the smash, which they said became a rescue mission that led to the death of one of the vehicle occupants.
The rescue effort was a collaboration between firefighters, the local police, the Guardia Civil, and the 061 Andalucia medical team.
The person suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest, and despite their best efforts and performing CPR and using a defibrillator, the person died.
Thank you for taking the time to read this article, do remember to come back and check The Euro Weekly News website for all your up-to-date local and international news stories and remember, you can also follow us on Facebook and Instagram.
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A journalist of more than 12 years from Manchester, UK, Vickie now lives in Madrid and works as a news writer for the Euro Weekly News.
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dos.six.1.dos. Disorganised accessory
A substantial amount of studies have discovered that practical examination from sensitivity don't dependably predict disorganised accessory (van IJzendoorn mais aussi al., 1999). Rather, present studies mean that disorganised accessory is actually associated with the a cluster regarding parenting behaviours that are included with 'frightening/frightened', significant intrusiveness, unmarked scary facial phrases, unusual vocal tone and dissociative behaviour. Numerous studies have and indicated that a bigger set of 'atypical' child-rearing actions tends to be on it, and additionally affective interaction mistakes, role/boundary frustration, and you can withdrawal (find Jacobvitz et al., 2006; Away ainsi que al., 2009). Disorganised accessory has also been seen at higher rates when you look at the trials regarding infants and you may kiddies have been met with maltreatment (Cyr mais aussi al., 2010; van IJzendoorn ainsi que al., 1999a) and you may, so you're able to a lower the quantity, certainly one of youngsters who have been implemented or are in foster proper care. Shorter research has been completed to carefully test when you look at the intervention degree the new causal nature ones observed associations than just one to concerning the character out of parental sensitiveness.
dos.six.step 1.step 3. Connection problems
Attachment disorders are found nearly entirely inside problems that show tall departures away from normative care and attention, and extreme overlook and you can institutional proper care. Specifically, a diagnosis of RAD (according to the DSM-5) is just given when people have seen pathogenic worry, meaning a persistent disregard of children's emotional or real requires, otherwise constant alterations in priple, inside the foster proper care otherwise in https://datingranking.net/tr/minder-inceleme/ this establishments). It's famous you to definitely no instances of RAD had been recognized on literature in which neglect was not demonstrably expose (Zeanah & Gleason, 2014). DSED, yet not currently recognized as an ailment out-of connection from the DSM-5, has been with the an equivalent selection of extremely disturbed very early caregiving feel, and needs a similar pathogenic care criteria to get met given that RAD. These two issues are found at apparently highest prices during the pupils within this organizations, people implemented from institutions as well as in specific people in the promote worry, even though they don't show the majority (Zeanah & Gleason, 2014). Apparently absolutely nothing is known regarding the accurate ecological process that will be responsible for brand new development from RAD or DSED. There is particular idea the outcomes of severe otherwise bad parenting towards the development of RAD ). In the event DSED has stopped being recognized as an accessory ailment during the DSM-5, discover certain conflict regarding literary works about this (and for the reason for it rule, it is within the concept of connection problems).
Education from normative development advise that obvious selective attachment securities end up being clear a while involving the age of six and you may nine months, since the expressed because of the preferential trying to regarding spirits from picked anybody, stress caused by becoming broke up from their store and complete stranger wariness (Schaffer, 1966). Ahead of one, early entertaining process most likely very important to here growth of attachment was demonstrably observed (such as, mutual visual communication, personal smiling, contingent interactions, provision out-of get in touch with and you will comfort), whether or not remarkably nothing research has examined in more detail the brand new role you to definitely this type of gamble on the development off accessories. Standard examination (for instance the SSP) are generally put throughout the end of one's first year and you will can be dependably categorise accessory activities and you will behaviors. It is therefore fundamentally approved one to insecure or disorganised attachments can be feel demonstrably observed during the one year old, though it isn't simple to close out they are maybe not introduce earlier, and mother–kids interaction habits that will be believed to bring about her or him are definitely introduce, and you will measurable, sooner than one.
Likewise, organized interviews techniques and you will associated observational measures are utilized at that many years to evaluate the existence of connection-associated conditions and their associated behaviors (Zeanah & Gleason, 2014). Additionally, medical diagnosis out of RAD makes it necessary that signs and symptoms of RAD must have already been introduce up until the period of five years. For RAD and you may DSED highly not enough proper care have to have come expose and you can carry out typically have took place infancy otherwise very early youth.


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Source: Reditt
Is celebrating NYE treyf?
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I just took the "Norwegian Cruise Line Post Cruise Survey;" however, the survey is centerEd around positivity of the cruise in general.
This was my first cruise experience with Norwegian and it was not bad; however, the Dawn needs TONS of improvements/enhancements.
My girlfriend and I stayed in cabin # 9026. We used soooooooooo much toilet paper, because of the black sooty oily looking substance in our toilet. We didn't want whatever it was to splash up on us. The toilet seat was so old, it was cracked, stained and no matter how much we cleaned it, it still smelled like old urine.
We were lucky to have a working safe. Victor kept our spot clean and tidy. The door to the balcony weighed a ton and was hard to open and close.
I still could not get over the black oily soot in our toilet. We probably used 7 rolls of toilet paper or more.


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KING WILLIAM COUNTY, Va. -- Two men were arrested and charged in the 2019 shooting death of an eight-year-old boy.
Charles E. Coleman III, 32, of Aylett, and Keith E. Hargrove, 35, of Richmond, were both charged in first degree murder, attempted robbery with a firearm, armed burglary of a residence, conspiracy to commit burglary, conspiracy to commit robbery, and two counts of use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, according to Virginia State Police.
Orlando "Scrappy," Anderson Jr., 8, was shot and killed on January 21, 2019 inside a King William home on Robin Lane.
"It was reported that a male subject entered the residence and began shooting once inside. The shooter then fled the scene on foot," a Virginia State Police spokesperson said. "During the course of the shooting, Orlando Anderson Jr. was shot. He was transported to VCU Medical Center in Richmond, where he later succumbed to his injuries."
The child's father and grandmother were also home at the time of the shooting. Neither was hurt.
Hundreds of people, including Anderson's family, gathered outside Acquinton Elementary School for vigil days after the shooting.
Orlando Anderson Sr. said he was stunned by the impact his son had on so many lives.
"I didn't know he touched people like this. I mean the stuff that he loved to do. He loved everybody," Anderson Sr. said. "So I'm grateful for everybody that came out to show there support."
Anyone with information was asked to call Virginia State Police Special at 804-887-0024.


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By Heidi D'Amelio
Obviously, as a family, we were on social media. The kids were on it. But I never understood it as a business.
Everything that creators talked about was so personal - like how you look at things and how you work. I didn't see how this very personal interaction could also be a brand.
So I was using it to prepare - it wasn't going to be a long time til my kids were out on their own. What does that mean for me as a woman, and a wife, and not in that role of stay-at-home mom anymore? So I was kind of looking for that guidance in this kind of new way with social media.
When I got on social media, I started watching creators who spoke to my lifestyle. I would religiously watch their videos or listen to their podcasts because I was so connected with their personal views on work and family and their outlook on things.
I didn't realize this until now, but when the kids got into social media it was like helping me understand social media.
These are my top 3 creators that helped me find my own voice online.
Kim Constable @thesculptedvegan
When I was preparing for my kids to move away and starting to re-focus on myself, I was unsure about that. I was looking for what I wanted to start doing for myself. And I found Kim's content about her workouts and her vegan lifestyle really inspiring. But just her life in general - she's a mom, she's her kids who she's homeschooled, she's a wife, she's got this big business and she spends a lot of time working out and that's her business.
Gary Vaynerchuk @garyvee
Gary is so amazing because he got his dad's wine store to take off into this huge business from doing video wine reviews, and from that he learned how powerful social media was and started his own creative & media agency. His content has taught me about this business and how to express ourselves as a family online.
Mel Robbins @melrobbins
I've never met Mel Robbins but I want to thank her. She's helped me parent kids with anxiety, and navigating that and understanding it from a parent's standpoint. She talks a lot about mental health and mindset, and just has some great life advice, which I think we could all use a little more of on our feeds.
Follow me:
Follow Kim:
Follow Gary:
Follow Mel:


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He sat at the poker table dressed in jeans and a red t-shirt surrounded by the elite
of New York dressed in dark suits. The "suits" looked at each other and laughed at
the disheveled new player.
The cards were passed. He won. He burned the cards and left the 50 grand
in one hundred dollar bills.The suits laughed but did find strange how in the world
the nutcase had entered.The next day the "suits" went to the bank, since they were
the presidents of those banks and each "suit" realized they had been robbed of one million
dollars totaling ten million. By that time there was a waiter in Boston counting the ten million.
Before the dishevel young men entered the poker room in that New York house,
he was their waiter who cleaned and with access to their wallets and all their information.
Being the computer geek he was, it wasn't hard for him to access the bank computer system
with the directors personal information.
In the circle of thiefs they call him The Waiter.
Stay Frosty gents and gentesses.


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The NFL's regulation on team rosters seems largely arbitrary, and often antiquated. The inactive list, for example, is a carryover from a time when roster sizes were smaller, and the inability for one team to field a competitive group of players due to injuries was a genuine concern.
In order to combat that, all teams were forced to deactivate a given number of their players for every game. It was recently reduced from eight players to seven, with the caveat that a third quarterback would no longer automatically dress and be able to play in the event of injury if he was excluded from the active list.
Evidently, the league is going to consider further adjustments to the way teams manage their rosters when the Competition Committee convenes to discuss various matters. One of those adjustments is a possible increase in roster size from 53 players to 55.
This would, of course, result in 64 more jobs around the league, though it would also presumably add to the burden, albeit slightly, for teams to remain compliant with the salary cap, unless a slight increase in cap size is reflected in the expansion of the rosters—which seems unlikely.
The addition of two more players can obviously be advantageous, particularly for teams with an excess in talent who hope to stash away talent on the practice squad. The Pittsburgh Steelers lost two defensive ends whom they felt showed promise during the course of the 2014 season. At least one of them, surely, would have been the 54th or 55th man on the roster.
The Competition Committee, evidently, will also entertain the discussion of possibly eliminating the inactive list for Thursday Night games, during which teams obviously have less time to prepare, and players have less time to heal, given the short turnaround from the previous game, assuming no bye week.
The thinking, perhaps, is that players may be more susceptible to injury or suffer in their performance without the usual amount of rest between games, so it would be wise to allow teams to have more players to rotate into the game to reduce the risk of injury due to overwork on short rest.
I am of the hope that the Competition Committee does end up recommending this position, and that the owners approve of it, because I would like to see it ultimately expand and apply to all games. The inactive list is largely an obsolete idea that has little to no functional value in a game that has 53, and perhaps soon 55 players on the roster.
This would likely be most beneficial to young players that coaches are still unsure of that they can trust in-game, and others on the bottom of each positional depth chart.
Martavis Bryant, for example, spent the first six games of his rookie season on the inactive list simply because he wasn't quite yet trusted, and didn't play special teams. Had there been no inactive list, he could had still seen a couple of snaps a game or so early on just to get his feet wet.


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- Block all access points by sealing all cracks and crevices around outside of the home.
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It can place outside or indoor for long time use. DRAINAGE: In the middle of the cart is a drainage hole and drainage line to prevent waterlogging, planter can planted directly in the bed. EASY SETUP: Space saving standing planter only need about 5min and easy to put it together, go ahead to raise the plants. FOYUEE metal elevated raised garden bed made of galvanized steel with anti-rusty coating, with drainage hole and line in the bottom to prevent waterlogging, ergonomic height to eliminate bend over, handle and wheel design, easy move to anywhere, with handy shelf holds accessories, easy to set up. Size: 40-1/2" L x 15-1/2" W x 31-1/2" H overall, planting box: 37-1/2" L x 15-1/2" W x 8" Deep Material: Galvanized steel with anti-rusty coating Color: Black This elevated garden planter has enough room to grow herbs, vegetables, flowers and other plants.
Ergonomic height for gardening without bend over, space saving design, perfect for small outdoor spaces. Handle and wheel design, move to anywhere convenience, with handy shelf holds accessories. Made of galvanized steel with black coating bring color to your patio, yards and garden, drainage hole and drainage line prevent your plant from waterlogging. This metal raised bed is both stylish and durable for use over many seasons.
Planter boxes outdoor, garden planters outdoor, raised bed garden, patio planter, elevated garden bed, raised planter box with legs, metal raised garden bed, garden boxes outdoor raised, vegetable planter, flower bed, herb planters outdoor, garden pot, standing planter, planters for outdoor plants, raised flower beds, raised garden planter, garden planters outdoor clearance, standing planters for outdoors, raised planter bed. We offer the best prices around on high quality products.
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This is an old - not maintained - article of the AEIOU.
In the Austria-Forum you find an updated version of this article in the new AEIOU.
Serfdom (Bondage), a term which came into use in the high Middle Ages for a type of personal dependence differing form late Roman slavery. As a rule, serfdom included personal rights and limited ownership rights. People became serfs through subjugation, abduction, purchase, inheritance (through the marriage of partners of unequal social status, whereby the lower status was taken on by the partner, or when the mother was a serf). In the eras of the Carolingians and the Ottones, unfree persons living on the estates of their lords ("servi casati") worked for their own livelihoods but also were required to give labour and produce to the "villa" of their lord. "Servi manentes" were (usually young, unmarried) servants and maids on large estates. Unfree women worked in large workshops ("Gynäzeen"). In the high Middle Ages persons of this status were called "proprii" ("own people"). In the course of the expansion and colonisation which took place in the high Middle Ages, an independent peasantry developed out of former members of the agriculturalist proprii. From serfs employed in special services (as bailiffs or knights), "ministeriales" developed within the respective estates of the lords; these were special groups of followers who bore arms and from whom a large part of the aristocracy of the late Middle Ages developed. Numerous serfs were freed in the 11th to 13th centuries and, for a certain payment, put into the service of clergymen ("Zensualen"); these persons with freedom of movement are considered to have been significant in the development of the class of townspeople. In the 13th century, as far as the agricultural sector was concerned, the boundaries between freed men, serfs, and Zensualen became quite fluid. Serfdom existed later in the region that is now Austria only as a form of punishment after peasants' revolts. In Bavaria and southwestern Germany, serfdom as a personally dependent condition remained in existence up into the 18th century. In the vernacular and in certain academic interpretations, an intensified dependence of the peasantry from the 16th century, particularly in the regions east of the Elbe and in Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary, is called the "second enserfment". This is valid inasmuch as Emperor Joseph II spoke of "serfdom" when transforming this dependent condition into a more moderate form of hereditary vassalage similar to the Austrian prototype by means of the "Leibeigenschaftsaufhebungspatent" ("serfdom abolishment charter") for the Bohemian countries, dating from 1 September 1781. Since then, as set down in the Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (General Austrian Civil Code of Law) of 1811, serfdom has no longer been allowed in Austria.
Literature: E. Bruckmüller, Sozialgeschichte Österreichs, 1985.


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Melissa tragically lost her battle with stage 4 metastatic breast cancer on 11/7/2021 after a nearly 6 year battle. She will be sorely missed by her friends and family. Many of you have reached out to ask how you can support Jason, Declan & Corbin. Any and all contributions are welcome and deeply appreciated.
Special Notes
Organizers may specify delivery instructions, favorite meals or dietary restrictions here, so check back for details when signing up.


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TREO, 1240 and 1277 Kettner Blvd , 92101 San Diego, CA
Quick Facts
• Located at 1240 and 1277 Kettner Blvd in the Columbia District • Built in 2002 • Developer – Intergulf Development Group • 26 Story High-rise • 330 units • Aria prices range from $389,000 to $1,100,000 • Monthly HOA fees from $265 to $435 per month • 1 bed, 1 bed and den, 2 bed, 2 bed and den, 3 bed, penthouses, and townhomes
• Interior and street facing units • Underground parking structure • Onsite management • Fobbed access • Secure and gated building • Inner courtyard • Pool • Fitness center • Front desk attendant • Power Smart Living • 9 foot ceilings • Natural gas fireplaces • European style light switches • Ceiling fans/light combination • Entries with hand set ceramic tile • Full size stackable washer and dryer • Designer light fixtures • High-speed Internet access – CAT5 wiring • Individual heat pumps for cooling and heating • Community trash chutes on each floor • Deluxe dishwasher • Side-by-side stainless steel refrigerator • Gas range with self-cleaning oven • Built-in microwave/hood fan • Ice maker • Ceramic tile countertops and backsplash
TREO Review and Rating5/5 Built in 2002 330 units
Treo Condos, Penthouses, and Townhomes were built in 2002 by Intergulf Development Group and are a concrete mixture of a mid-rise and high-rise building on the outskirts of the Columbia District bordering Little Italy. With 330 condos divided between 26 stories and numerous amenities, Treo is considered to have low HOA fees compared to other buildings of this caliber.
A wide variety of floor plans can be found in Treo such as two story townhomes with a loft feel, traditional one and two bedrooms units, and spacious penthouses. Treo amenities included a south facing pool, a fitness center, a common area lounge, a front desk attendant, gated and secure entrances, and underground parking.
From an investment point of view, Treo offer a Downtown San Diego Real Estate buyer more amenities for their money and lower HOA fees compared to other residential condo buildings in the Columbia District. This is an area that will be surrounded by new infrastructure and construction so it is of importance to take into consideration the possibility of future noise and view impact.
Schedule a Property Tour
TREO Condos and Lofts For Sale
$ 699,9002 x 3 x 1139 sqft
$ 695,0002 x 2 x 1281 sqft
$ 679,0002 x 2 x 1253 sqft
$ 665,0002 x 3 x 1234 sqft
Contact us for more information
San Diego City Life Real Estate
465 10th Ave, San Diego CA 92101


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Great Bike Gear Easy Brackets, Relocation Kits, and Hand Shields are Made in America
All pictures shown are for illustration purposes only. The actual product may vary.
Turn signal relocation kit for 2013-2017 Street Bob
$189.95 – $199.95
Fits 2013-2017 Harley Davidson Street Bob.
Does NOT fit 2006-2008 Street Bob – See kit here
Does NOT fit 2009-2012 Street Bob – See kit here
Not ready to make a purchase yet or need more information to decide? Are you trying to figure out if this product fits your make/model? We're ready to answer your questions and address all concerns. Click the button below to request more details.
Relocates turn signals and license plate to below fender. This kit includes black turn signal blanks, standoffs in black or chrome and an LED illuminated frame in black or chrome.
Note: International models may re-use existing stock wing standoffs. Select None. The kit with the Illuminated license plate frame will work with international motorcycles that are not equipped with a center brake light.
Turn signal blanks fill in the indent left in the fender rail when the turn signals are relocated. The standoffs are the piece between the turn signal and the motorcycle fender.
Additional information
|3 lbs
|12 × 9 × 4 in
|License Plate Frame
LED illuminated, Black, LED illuminated, Chrome
Black, Chrome, None


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We are fast, safe and easy to use
Garlic Shrimp Pizza (SM) (+$1,650.00)
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Shrimp, Arugula , Garlic & Marinara Sauce.
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I understand that a vector space is a collection of vectors that can be added and scalar multiplied and satisfies the 8 axioms, however, I do not know what a vector is.
I know in physics a vector is a geometric object that has a magnitude and a direction and it computer science a vector is a container that holds elements, expand, or shrink, but in linear algebra the definition of a vector isn't too clear.
As a result, what is a vector in Linear Algebra?
In modern mathematics, there's a tendency to define things in terms of what they do rather than in terms of what they are.
As an example, suppose that I claim that there are objects called "pizkwats" that obey the following laws:
- ∀x.∀y.∃z.x+y=z
- ∃x.x=0
- ∀x.x+0=0+x=x
- ∀x.∀y.∀z.(x+y)+z=x+(y+z)
- ∀x.x+x=0
These rules specify what pizkwats do by saying what rules they obey, but they don't say anything about what pizkwats are. We can find all sorts of things that we could call pizkwats. For example, we could imagine that pizkwats are the numbers 0 and 1, with addition being done modulo 2. They could also be bitstrings of length 137, with "addition" meaning "bitwise XOR." Or they could be sets, with "addition" meaning "symmetric difference." Each of these groups of objects obey the rules for what pizkwats do, but neither of them "are" pizkwats.
The advantage of this approach is that we can prove results about pizkwats knowing purely how they behave rather than what they fundamentally are. For example, as a fun exercise, see if you can use the above rules to prove that
This means that anything that "acts like a pizkwat" must support a commutative addition operator. Similarly, we could prove that
The advantage of setting things up this way is that any time we find something that "looks like a pizkwat" in the sense that it obeys the rules given above, we're guaranteed that it must have some other properties, namely, that it's commutative and that every element has its own and unique inverse. We could develop a whole elaborate theory about how pizkwats behave and what pizkwats do purely based on the rules of how they work, and since we specifically never actually said what a pizkwat is, anything that we find that looks like a pizkwat instantly falls into our theory.
In your case, you're asking about what a vector is. In a sense, there is no single thing called "a vector," because a vector is just something that obeys a bunch of rules. But any time you find something that looks like a vector, you immediately get a bunch of interesting facts about it – you can ask questions about spans, about changing basis, etc. – regardless of whether that thing you're looking at is a vector in the classical sense (a list of numbers, or an arrow pointing somewhere) or a vector in a more abstract sense (say, a function acting as a vector in a "vector space" made of functions.)
As a concluding remark, Grant Sanderson of 3blue1brown has an excellent video talking about what vectors are that explores this in more depth.
Source : Link , Question Author : Paul Lee , Answer Author : templatetypedef