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A numerical identifier for a Gene, marker, or gene product in a public database. CDISC Analysis Data Model. CDISC ADaM Subject-Level Analysis Data set. Any adverse change in health or side effect that occurs in a person who participates in a Clinical Research trial while the patient is receiving treatment or within a previously specified length of time after treatment completion. A transaminase enzyme, also known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). Catalyzing two parts of the alanine cycle, it is found in body tissues (most commonly associated with liver tissues) and serum. It is a clinical diagnostic indicator of hepatocellular injury. Significance level. Although alpha can be any value between 0 and 1, it is typically set at either 0.01, 0.05 or 0.10. A position that a researcher evaluates in an experiment. The alternative hypothesis, H1 (or Ha), is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by a specific non-random cause. It is rival to the Null Hypothesis, H0. The building block of Proteins. An enormous variety of proteins can be constructed by linking together Amino Acids (there are more than twenty types) in a linear chain, which in turn become folded in more complex configurations. Analysis of covariance; a general linear model with a continuous outcome Variable and multiple predictor variables, with at least one nominal and one continuous predictor variable. Considered a hybrid of regression for continuous variables and ANOVA, ANCOVA can determine whether specific factors have an impact on the outcome variable after removing variance resulting from Covariates (the qualitative predictors). Statistical models and procedures that partition observed Variance in a Variable into components attributable to different variation sources. By analyzing comparisons of variance estimates, ANOVA can determine whether the Means of several groups are statistically equal. In a Clinical Research trial, the group of patients receiving a certain type of therapy. For example, one arm of a clinical trial might consist of patients receiving a new medication, another arm might consist of a standard-of-care medication, and another a placebo pill. A pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transaminase enzyme, also known as aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT, ASAT, AAT) or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Catalyzing a reversible transfer between aspartate and glutamate, it is found in the brain, heart, muscles, kidneys, red blood cells, and liver. It is a clinical diagnostic indicator of liver health. Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network1 Denotes Type II Error rate, and is related to the Power of a test power = 1-beta). A group of related of functionally similar Observations that are considered as a unit for statistical analysis. A regression method where the Dependent Variable contains binomial values (for example, 0 and 1, often corresponding to 'no' and 'yes', or 'failure' and 'success', respectively). A group of Organs that work together to perform a task. Examples in humans include the digestive system, the nervous system, and the endocrine system. The practice of using with-replacement empirical distributions of Observations to estimate the statistical properties of the population from which the observations were made. Used to display the response distribution at different combinations of factor levels. Box plots can reveal differences in the response Mean at different levels, suggesting Main Effects. Box plots can also reveal whether the response variation is homogenous across factor levels, an assumption made in ANOVA. See Box Plot. A two-dimensional Scatterplot showing the relationship between two Variables over time. Each circle, or bubble, represents a single instance of an ID variable. See Bubble Plot. All of the Observations with the same values for all BY Variables. An optional (in most APs) Variable specification whose values define groups of Observations, such as hour, month, or year. Specifying a BY variable enables you to animate an image so that you can see how response values change according to some grouping, like over time. Alternatively, BY variables can enable analyses to be performed separately on different groups as defined by a variable such as gender. Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, a nonprofit organization that has "established standards to support the acquisition, exchange, submission, and archive of Clinical Research data and Metadata" whose mission is "to develop and support global, platform-independent data standards that enable information system interoperability to improve medical research and related areas of health-care". See the CDISC website for more information. These columns specify those Observations for which data have been censored or truncated. For example, investigations of the effects of certain Genes on life span might be terminated before all of the individuals have expired. The ultimate life spans for these individuals are unknown. All that can be said is that they exceed the period of the study. These data are considered censored. A statistical test used to test the existence of a relationship between two nominal Variables where the sampling distribution of the Test Statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the Null Hypothesis is true (or where it is asymptotically true). Bundled strands of DNA and Protein located in the Cell nucleus. Chromosomes are inherited from parents. Chromosome count per organism cell varies by species. Human cells contain 23 pairs of nuclear chromosomes. The process of dividing a data set into mutually exclusive groups such that the Observations for each group are as close as possible to one another, and different groups are as far as possible from one another. The probability of an event (for example, X) given that another specific event (for example, Y) occurs. Conditional probability is often expressed as P(X|Y) or PY(X). A relationship between Variables in terms of dependence. Also known as the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, it is equal to the Covariance of two Variables divided by the product of their Standard Deviations. A measure of the relationship between two Variables. It equals the Correlation Coefficient between the two variables times the square roots of their Variances. An Independent Variable, not manipulated by the experimenter, that can influence the outcome of the experiment. A classical semiparametric (sometimes considered nonparametric) method that relates the time of an event (for example, failure or death) to explanatory variables (Covariates). This model assumes that hazard rate, rather than survival time, is a function of the explanatory variables. There are no assumptions made on the shape or nature of the hazard function. Comma-separated value format. This text format stores tabular data, with line breaks and commas used to delimit table rows and columns, respectively. One or more characters that separate the designations for the different Alleles in a genotype. JMP frequently uses a forward-slash (/) as a delimiter. A tree-like diagram used to summarize a Clustering report. A dendrogram shows where each cluster divides in a hierarchical fashion. See Dendrogram. Deoxyribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid containing genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms (except for RNA viruses). DNA segments encoding genetic information are known as Genes. Non-coding DNA can have structural or regulatory purposes. An algebraic operation that takes two equal-length number sequences (usually coordinate vectors) and returns a single number obtained by multiplying corresponding entries and summing those products. Double False Discovery Rate (FDR) Adjustment The Double FDR method of Mehrotra and Heyse (2004)2 is used to compare the incidence of adverse events among treatments, leveraging the grouping of related adverse events (typically defined by the MedDRA system organ class). The method considers whether related terms within a group show differences between the treatments and upweights or downweights the significance of an individual term within the group accordingly. In the 2004 paper, the FDR adjustment is performed twice, and simulations are used to control the false discovery rate. Mehrotra and Adewale (2011) refine the Double FDR method to avoid the need for simulations by applying FDR adjustment thrice. For a given square matrix, a nonzero vector that changes length, but not direction, when multiplied by the matrix. The computation of principal components for a set of Variables uses the eigenvectors of the variables' Covariance or Correlation matrix. Also referred to as an Independent Variable or predictor variable, a factor is a Variable included in a model to account for variation in a response. Factors are the variables whose values (levels) you set to study their relationship to a response. You often experiment with many potentially influential factors at the same time. The probability of making one or more false discoveries (Type I Errors) among all hypotheses while performing multiple pairwise tests. A statistical significance test used in the analysis of contingency tables where sample sizes are small. It is useful when you want to conduct a Chi-square Test, but one of your cells has an expected frequency of five or less. Its name is derived from its inventor, R.A. Fisher, and reflects that the significance of the deviation from a Null Hypothesis can be calculated exactly (as opposed to relying on an approximation whose exactness is realized only as sample size approaches infinity). The effects that drive the variation that you are interested in assessing that have a fixed number of well-defined levels. They can also include nuisance variables that you need to consider in your model. Fixed effects include factors such as experimental treatment, disease status, age or developmental status of the test organisms, and gender. Variation due to fixed effects is the variation that you are interested in estimating and must be kept in the analysis. A graphical display designed to illustrate the relative strength of treatment effects (or relative degree of gene enrichment), in multiple quantitative scientific studies (or databases) addressing the same question. Forest plots generally display results for each study (or other data source) as horizontal lines representing the 95% confidence interval of the effect observed in that trial. See Forest Plot. Molecular unit of heredity in a living organism, comprising a contiguous sequence of DNA or RNA, coding for a Protein or RNA chain, which in turn has a function in the organism. A method of cluster analysis that constructs a hierarchy of clustering. Strategies include the agglomerative approach, where each cluster initially contains only one observation, and the divisive approach, where all observations are initially contained in one cluster. Hierarchical clustering results are commonly presented in Dendrogram form. The second-highest level of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Hierarchy, below System Organ Class (SOC) and above High Level Term (HLT). An example of an HLGT is "Respiratory tract infections". The third-highest level of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Hierarchy, below High Level Group Term (HLGT) and above Preferred Term (PT). An example of an HLT is "Viral upper respiratory tract infections". A nonparametric measure of association that detects general departures from independence. This Statistic approximates a weighted sum over observations of chi-square statistics for two-by-two classification tables. A test of the Null Hypothesis that "the population Mean vector is equal to the given mean vector". It is the multidimensional equivalent of the one-sample t-test. A decision-making rule based on data from an experiment or observational study. A hypothesis test is used to conclude significance of a result based on the sufficiently low likelihood (set by the predefined significance level) that it occurred because of random chance alone. An ominous prognostic indicator (in Clinical Research) that a pure drug-induced liver injury (DILI) leading to jaundice, without a hepatic transplant, has a case fatality rate of 10-50%. One or more columns specifying how the Observations are to be classified. In JMP, a journal is a file (.jrn) that contains results of user-specified reports. A curve based on the survival function estimator from life-time or clinical outcome data. For example, it can be used to measure the proportion of patients living for a given amount of time after treatment, or to measure the time until a tumor disappears. A statistical method that creates optimally separated groups of Observations in data using one of several methods. A set of points called cluster seeds is selected as a first guess of the means of the clusters. One cluster seed is selected for each of k clusters. Each observation is assigned to the nearest seed to form temporary clusters. The seeds are then replaced by the Means of the temporary clusters, and the report is repeated until no further changes occur in the clusters. A column containing descriptive labels that can be printed in the output by certain procedures instead of, or in addition to, the Variable name (which is also known as the SAS Variable Name). Synonymous with SAS Variable Label. A successive hierarchical partition of data in a Tree Map. The first level represents the entire unpartitioned data set. The second level represents the first partition of the data into segments, and so on. A nonparametric Hypothesis Test to compare the survival distributions of two samples. It is appropriate when data are right-skewed and non-informatively censored. Also known as a Mantel-Cox test. This test can be considered a time-stratified Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test. A generalized linear model used for prediction of the probability of event occurrence (Binomial Regression) by fitting data to a Logit Function logistic curve. The inverse of the sigmoidal Logistic Function. It is synonymous with Log-odds. The lowest level of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), below Preferred Term (PT). This level is reserved for non-current, vague, ambiguous, truncated, or misspelled terms, or for terms taken from other terminologies that do not conform to MedDRA rules. Least squares Means, which are estimates of means of classification effects that would be observed, assuming that the experimental design is balanced. A distance measure based on Correlations between Variables. In contrast to Euclidean Distance, it is better adapted to non-spherically symmetric distributions, and is scale-invariant. See Mahalanobis Distances. An effect measures the extent to which the response depends on the factors involved in the effect. A main effect is the change in the response due to a single factor. For two-level factors, the main effect is the difference between the mean response at the high level of a factor and the Mean response at its low level. Multivariate analysis of covariance; an extension of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for multiple Dependent Variables or where it is not feasible to combine dependent variables. MANCOVA is similar to MANOVA, but enables control for additional continuous Independent Variables (Covariates). Multivariate analysis of variance, a generalized form of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), used when there are two or more Dependent Variables. This analysis is useful in determining whether changes in the Independent Variables have significant effects on the dependent variables, as well as the associated interactions among dependent and independent variables. A Clinical Research comparison of average score during baseline and a summary score during the trial for each finding. See Matched Pairs Analysis. Mathematical average for a collection of n Observations. It is calculated by dividing the sum of the observations by n. In any set of n Observations arranged in order of magnitude, the median is represented by the observation positioned at n/2. The primary list of items at the top of a , which represent the actions or classes of actions that can be executed. Selecting an item executes an action, opens a Pull-down Menu, or opens a Dialog box that requests additional information. Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker3 A value in the SAS System indicating that no data is stored for the Variable in the current Observation. It is indicated by a single dot (.) for a numeric variable or a blank for a character variable. An argument of proof by contradiction; often known as denying the consequent. It has the general argument form of:1. If P, then Q.2. Not Q. A graphical representation of a two-way frequency table or Contingency Table. A mosaic plot is divided into colored rectangles, so that the area of each rectangle is proportional to the proportions of the Y Variable in each level of the X Variable. See Mosaic Plot. A general or default position that a researcher tests (and attempts to reject) in an experiment. The null hypothesis, H0, is an essential part of a research design, and usually proposes that sample Observations result purely from chance. The null hypothesis can never be proven; data can reject it or fail to reject it only. If a null hypothesis is rejected, an Alternative Hypothesis, H1 (or Ha) is accepted. Analysis of variance with one between-groups factor. This is useful when you have a nominal Independent Variable and a normally distributed interval Dependent Variable, and you want to compare differences in the means of the dependent variable according to levels of the independent variable. A plot showing the response points along the Y axis for each X factor value. Using the plot, you can compare the distribution of the response across the levels of the X factor. The distinct values of X are sometimes called levels. See One-way Plot. Analysis of variance used on one nominal Independent Variable and a normally distributed interval Dependent Variable that is repeated at least twice for each subject. This method is equivalent to the paired samples t-test, but allows for two or more nominal variable levels. A collection of Tissues combined in one structure to serve a particular function. A plot showing several lines or markers on the Y axis overlaid to a common variable on the X axis. See Overlay Plot. A parametric measure of association for two variables. It measures both the strength and the direction of a linear relationship. If one variable X is an exact linear function of another variable Y, a positive relationship exists if the correlation is 1 and a negative relationship exists if the correlation is -1. If there is no linear predictability between the two variables, the correlation is 0. If the two variables are normal with a correlation 0, the two variables are independent. However, correlation does not imply causality because, in some cases, an underlying causal relationship might not exist. A discriminative classifier known for simultaneous Variable selection and classification. Its performance declines as the number of variables increases, and is often compared with that of Support Vector Machine (SVM). The value of a Variable below which a certain percent of Observations fall. For example, the 60th percentile is the value below which 60% of the observations can be found. Note the following percentile landmarks.- 25th percentile = first quartile = Q1- 50th percentile = second quartile = median = Q2- 75th percentile = third quartile = Q3 The Conditional Probability of a random event that is assigned after relevant evidence is considered. Contrast with Prior Probability. The probability of a statistical significance test enabling you to reject the Null Hypothesis when the Alternative Hypothesis is true. Power equals one minus Beta (the rate of Type II Error). The fourth-highest level of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Hierarchy, below High Level Term (HLT) and above Lowest Level Term (LLT). An example of a PT is "Influenza". Proportional Reporting Ratio4 The list of menu items or choices that appears when you choose an item from a Menu Bar or from another menu. The statistical probability that a Statistic is as or more extreme than the observed value, assuming that the Null Hypothesis is true. A smaller p-value enables you to more rigorously reject the null hypothesis. The n x p population structure incidence matrix where n is the number of individuals assayed and p is the number of populations defined. The effects that cause extraneous variation in your results and have little to do with the questions being addressed. Random effects include factors such as physical differences between the arrays, or batch effects resulting from performing different parts of the experiments at different times, on different days, using different lots of reagents, and so on. Variation resulting from random effects can confound your results and should be eliminated from your analysis. Techniques for modeling and analyzing several Variables, with the focus on the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Regression analysis is useful in uncovering how values of a Dependent Variable change when a single Independent Variable is varied. A graph where the conditional distribution of the observations, given the forecast probability, is plotted against the forecast probability. The distributions for perfectly reliable forecasts are plotted along the 45-degree diagonal. See Reliability Diagram. Reporting Odds Ratio5 The number of Observations that constitute a statistical sample. For example, the sample size in a study might consist of the number of subjects. Greater sample sizes lead to greater precision and Power for a study design to detect an effect at a given size. Variables (columns) in a SAS data set can have a SAS Variable Label. This label has much less restrictive creation rules than the corresponding SAS Variable Name. Blank spaces, special characters, and longer lengths are permitted. A graph showing the relationship between two Variables. Multiple scatterplot formats exist, including scatterplot matrices, three-dimensional scatterplots, and Bubble Plots. See Reliability Diagram. A subject in a Clinical Research study that skips treatments or otherwise does not meet treatment criteria. In clinical data sets, a value of "Screen Failure" is given in the treatment column for this subject. The factorization of a real or complex matrix, allowing the matrix to be expressed as a product. Every m x n matrix has a singular value decomposition. Nonparametric method for examining whether two quantitative Variables co-vary. Each pair of variables is converted to ranks and is linked with an "unseen nominal variable. The standard deviation of the sample mean. It is calculated by dividing the Standard Deviation by the square root of the Sample Size. A group of Preferred Term (PT)s and Lowest Level Term (LLT)s relating to a particular medical condition or concept. It could also include High Level Term (HLT)s and High Level Group Term (HLGT)s, as well as hierarchies. Such a grouping is helpful in formulating a "case definition" and in data exploration, search, and retrieval. Each medical condition or group of related conditions has one or more individual SMQs. Terms listed in the SMQ define signs, symptoms, events, laboratory data, physical and physiological findings, and so on. - Transformation of a data set to have zero Mean and unit Variance. The highest level of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Hierarchy, above High Level Group Term (HLGT). An example of an SOC is "Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders". A SAS data set that has samples as columns and molecular entity (for example, marker, gene, clone, protein, or metabolite) as rows. Tall data sets are the transpose of Wide Data Sets. A nonparametric measure of association based on the number of concordances and discordances in paired Observations. Concordance occurs when paired observations vary together, and discordance occurs when paired observations vary differently. Also, used for the truncated product p-Value adjustment method to indicate that there is at least one false Null Hypothesis among those with p-values less than tau when the null hypothesis is rejected. A function of the data sample that reduces and summarizes the data to either one or a few values that can be used to conduct a Hypothesis Test. A collection of Cells from the same origin that achieves a specific function. The cells do not need to be identical in morphology or genomic content, but must have identical function. Examples of animal and plant tissues include muscle and meristematic tissues, respectively. The process of applying a function to a Variable in order to adjust the variable's range, variability, or both. A method that smooths p-Values over s of markers for n Hypothesis Tests by taking the product of those p-values less than a specified cutoff value and evaluating the probability of this product under the overall hypothesis that all n hypotheses are true. A test that assesses the statistical difference between the Means of two different experimental groups. The Test Statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the Null Hypothesis is supported.If only one Variable is chosen (one-sample t-test), the null hypothesis is that "the population mean is equal to the given mean". An incorrect decision made when a test rejects a true Null Hypothesis (H0). This is comparable to a false positive error. Type I error rate is denoted by Alpha, and is referred to as the size of the test. An incorrect decision made when a test fails to reject a false Null Hypothesis (H0). This is comparable to a false negative error. Type II error rate is denoted by Beta, and is related to the Power of a test (power = 1-beta). A Scatterplot of the negative log10-transformed p-Values derived from a specific t-test against the log2-fold change in expression. Genes whose expression is decreased lie to the left of the Mean; genes whose expression is increased lie to the right of the mean. Genes with statistically significant differential expression lie above a horizontal threshold. This plot provides an effective means for visualizing the direction, magnitude, and significance of changes in gene expression. See Volcano Plot. A SAS statement that enables you to filter a set of Observations so that only the subset of data meeting the specific filtering criteria are considered in the analysis. A SAS data set that has samples as rows and molecular entity (for example, marker, gene, clone, protein, or metabolite) as columns. Wide data sets are the transpose of Tall Data Sets. A nonparametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related samples or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population Mean ranks differ. It is appropriate as an alternative to the paired Student's t-test when the population is not normally distributed or the data is ordinal. A series of processes run in a specified order, whose output is collected in a Journal. Given a constant basic experimental design and analysis objectives, a workflow can be used repeatedly with different data sets.
Bate, A, et al. (1998) A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54:315-321; Gould, AL. (2003) Practical pharmacovigilance analysis strategies. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 12: 559–574.
Mehrotra DV, Heyse JH. (2004) Use of the false discovery rate for evaluating clinical safety data. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 13:227-238.
DuMouchel W. (1999) Bayesian data mining in large frequency tables with an application to the FDA spontaneous reporting system. The American Statistician 53: 177-90.
Evans SJW, Waller PC, Davis S. (2001) Use of proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 10:483-486.
Meyboom RHB, Egberts ACG, Edwards IR, Hekster YA, de Koning FHP, Gribnau FWJ. (1997) Principles of signal detection in pharmacovigilance. Drug Safe 16: 355–365.


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Party in the Park
1 years ago
ATTENTION ALL 7th - 12th GRADERS There's going to be a PARTY IN THE PARK!!
Celebrate summer, celebrate friends, celebrate because we can! Saturday, August 14th at Lee Park/Cedar Ridge starting at 7:00 pm. We will have Hyde Park's own DJ - Kevin Wheatley. We will have treats, drinks, music, 9 Square, Volleyball, Corn Hole, Smash Ball, a movie in the park and whatever else we can think of with more treats. Come and play. Come and dance. Come and snack and around 8:45 the movie Dumb and Dumber will be shown. So don't be dumb and miss this back to school Party in the Park! Free for all Hyde Park 7th - 12th graders - compliments of the Youth Council.Blog

subset: commoncrawl


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It can be frustrating when you're trying your best to be productive at work. But your lazy coworker is slacking off and not pulling their weight. So here's how to motivate a lazy coworker without being a jerk.
What will I learn?
- How To Motivate A Lazy Coworker In 15 Ways
- 1. Talk To Your Coworker:
- 2. Set An Example:
- 3. Give Them Recognition:
- 4. Help Them Set Goals:
- 5. Help Them Develop A Plan:
- 6. Hold Them Accountable:
- 7. Be A Good Role Model:
- 8. Be Patient:
- 9. Create A Positive Work Environment:
- 10. Seek Professional Help:
- 11. Arrange Their Workspace:
- 12. Give Them A Flexible Schedule:
- 13. Let Them Work On Their Passion Project:
- 14. Get Them A Mentor:
- 15. Give Them Feedback:
- Final Word:
A demotivated employee is often a result of poor management. Or it could be that they're not a good fit for the job.
How To Motivate A Lazy Coworker In 15 Ways
Whatever the reason, it's essential to try and motivate them. If you're struggling with a lazy coworker, here are some tips on how to encourage them:
1. Talk To Your Coworker:
The first step is to talk to your coworker. There might be a solid reason why they're demotivated.
It could be that they're not being challenged enough or feeling overwhelmed.
It's essential to find out the problem before trying to fix it. Otherwise, you could end up making the situation worse.
For instance, telling them to 'work harder' will probably not help. Instead, try and offer How To Help New Coworker In 10 Fun Wayssome assistance.
Such as, if they're feeling overwhelmed, see if you can take on some of their workloads. Or, if they're not being challenged, see if you can give them some more challenging tasks.
Such as giving them access to the knowledge base. So they can be proactive in their job and learn new things.
Talk to your coworker privately when you have a chance. And see if you can help them overcome whatever is causing their demotivation.
2. Set An Example:
You must set an example if you want your coworker to be more motivated.
Be the one who's always working hard and going above and beyond. Show them that it's possible to be successful and enjoy your job, even if it isn't always easy.
Your coworker is more likely to be motivated if they see it's possible. So lead by example and show them what's possible.
Some ways you can set an example include:
– Being punctual and taking your breaks
– Not taking sick days unless you're sick
– Turning in your work on time
– Volunteering for extra tasks and projects
– Being a team player
All the little things you do can add up and make a big difference. So set a good example for your coworker and see if it inspires them to be more motivated.
3. Give Them Recognition:
Everyone likes to recognition for their hard work. So if you want to motivate your coworker, give them some recognition.
It doesn't have to be anything big or expensive. A simple 'thank you" or 'good job' can go a long way.
And if they do something awe-inspiring, be sure to let their boss know. They'll be sure to appreciate the recognition.
Some other ways to show your appreciation include:
– Leaving them a positive review on their performance review
– Buying them a small gift
– Taking them out for lunch
– Giving them a day off
These things will show your coworker that you appreciate their hard work. And it might just be the motivation they need to keep going.
4. Help Them Set Goals:
When people have specific goals to achieve, they're more likely to have motivation. So sit down with your coworker and help them set some goals.
Make sure the goals are realistic and achievable. The best plans are specific, measurable, and have a deadline.
For instance, rather than just telling them to 'be more productive,' you could say, 'I want you to increase your sales by 10% within the next month.'
This is a specific goal that's easy to measure. And it has a deadline (the end of the month).
Another instance could be, 'I want you to finish that project by Friday.' This is a specific goal with a deadline.
And it's easy to measure whether or not they've achieved it.
Deliver your expectations in a respectful, positive, and motivating way. Doing so will help your coworker feel more motivated to achieve their goals.
5. Help Them Develop A Plan:
Once you've set some goals, help your coworker devise a plan to achieve them. This will make it more likely that they'll be able to achieve their goals.
For instance, if their goal is to increase sales by 10%, you could help them develop a plan of action.
This might involve making a list of potential customers to contact. Come up with a sales pitch, and practice their presentations.
Or, if their goal is to finish a project by Friday, you could help them develop a plan of action.
This might involve breaking the project into smaller tasks and then setting a schedule for each job.
The more detailed the plan, the better. This will help your coworker stay on track and motivated to An Advanced Guide On Goals Of Financial Managementachieve their goals.
A specific example with a plan helps your coworker stay on track and motivated.
6. Hold Them Accountable:
It's essential to hold your coworker accountable for their goals. This will help them stay on track and motivated to achieve them.
One way to do this is to check in with them regularly. Ask them how they're progressing and offer your support.
Another way to hold them accountable is to set up a system of consequences and rewards.
For instance, you could agree that they have to buy lunch for the team if they don't meet their goal.
Or, if they do meet their goal, you could agree to buy them lunch. This will help your coworker stay focused and motivated to achieve their goals.
7. Be A Good Role Model:
You can't expect your coworker to have motivation if you're not motivated yourself. So if you want to encourage your coworker, be a good role model.
This means being productive, setting goals, and helping them achieve them. It also means being optimistic and showing your appreciation for their hard work.
If you do all of these things, your coworker will be more likely to get motivation. After all, they'll see that you're doing it and want to do it too.
8. Be Patient:
Remember that motivation is a process. It doesn't happen overnight. So be patient with your coworker.
Encourage them, support them, and help them every step. With time and patience, they'll eventually become motivated.
And when they do, they'll be more productive, happier, and healthier. So it's worth the effort!
Sometimes, it takes time for someone to become motivated. Be patient with your coworker and encourage them along the way.
9. Create A Positive Work Environment:
A positive work environment is essential for motivation. If the work environment is hostile, it will be harder for your coworker to stay motivated.
So do your part to create a positive work environment. This might involve being more positive yourself. Or it might include taking some of the workloads off of your coworker.
It could also involve recognition and appreciation. Whatever you do, make sure the work environment is favorable. This will help your coworker stay motivated.
10. Seek Professional Help:
If you've tried everything and your coworker isn't motivated, it might be time to seek professional help.
There could be an underlying issue that's preventing them from getting motivated. If this is the case, professional help can be very beneficial.
For instance, a therapist could help them deal with any underlying issues. They could also provide tips and advice on how to be more motivated.
Even HR can be a great resource. They can help you figure out how to best deal with the situation.
11. Arrange Their Workspace:
Another way to motivate your coworker is to arrange their workspace. This might involve getting them a new chair or desk .
Or it might involve setting up their workspace in a more ergonomic way. The goal is to make their workspace more comfortable and efficient.
This will help them stay motivated because they'll be able to work more efficiently. And as a result, they'll be more productive.
Other ways to arrange their workspace include:
– Adding more light
– Adding plants
– Organizing their desk
– Getting them a new computer
– Giving complimentary tea or coffee
12. Give Them A Flexible Schedule:
A flexible schedule can be very motivating. It can help your coworker feel more in control of their time.
And as a result, they'll be more likely to be productive. So if you can, give your coworker a flexible schedule.
This might involve letting them choose their hours. Or it might include letting them work from home occasionally.
Hybrid workplaces are also becoming more popular. So your coworker might have the option to work in the office 2-3 days per week and from home the other days.
13. Let Them Work On Their Passion Project:
Everyone has a passion project. It's that one thing they're really interested in and want to work on. For some people, it's writing a book.
For others, it's starting a business. Whatever it is, passion projects are motivating.
So if your coworker has a passion project, let them work on it. This will help them stay motivated. Because they'll be doing something they're passionate about.
Such as, if your coworker wants to work on a project outside of work, let them do it.
14. Get Them A Mentor:
A mentor can be a great motivator. They can provide guidance, support, and advice.
Mentors can be in all sorts of places. You can find them through your network of friends and colleagues.
You can also find them online. There are many websites and forums where people can connect with mentors.
Some companies also have mentorship programs. If your company has one, encourage your coworker to participate.
15. Give Them Feedback:
Regular feedback is essential for motivation. It lets your coworker know what they're doing well and what they need to improve.
Without feedback, it's easy for people to become discouraged. So make sure you give your coworker regular feedback.
This doesn't mean you need to criticize them all the time. You should focus on the positive more than the negative.
But you should still provide honest feedback. This will help your coworker stay motivated and improve their performance.
Final Word:
These are some tips on how to motivate a lazy coworker. Try out these ideas and see what works best for your situation.
A lazy coworker can be frustrating. But with a little effort, you can help them become more motivated.
You can try to lead by example. You can also give them feedback and arrange their workspace. Whatever you do, make sure you're patient.
Change doesn't happen overnight. It takes time. So be patient and keep working on it.
Last Updated on 6 months by Shahzaib Arshad
- When Coworkers Break the Rules & Get Away With It - January 12, 2023
- Can An Employer Stop You From Transferring – 8 Situations - January 11, 2023
- How Long Of A Commute Is Too Long? Major Factors - January 4, 2023


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We believe that through innovation today, we'll find the way to address the challeneges of tomorrow. Irfan Traders being a medicine exporter in Pakistan will always find a way to provide the best services to their clients and fullfill their needs.
Quality in the product and services is always the company's top priority, Irfan Traders always believe to work with speed, effieceny & sincerety to fullfill the need of their clients.
Another vision of the company is to increase the efficency by becoming an e-company i.e. constantly uploading ourselves with changing timess to provide better services everyday.
be the best in the pharmaceutical market, not only in Rawalpindi, Pakistan but also all over Pakistan and in the foreign market that is targeted by us, especially in the medicine.
Our Policy
Ethics & Compliance
Our business is consistent and in tune with all applicable laws, we're honest in our dealings at all levels, with customers, employees, suppliers and yes even with our competitors.
Our strength
We offer genuine pharmaceutical products manufactured by reputed and relaiable companies in Pakistan. We've the ability to successfully execute small as well as bulk orders and export of medicines. Our quality products are competetively priced.
Fast deliveries at Doorstep of institutions. We work with the customer-oriented approach in all dimensions.
Our Vendor base
We're one of the leading names in the export of medicines and engaged in distributing a comprehensive range of allopathic medicines as well as surgical products. All of the products are sourced from some of the most reputed and reliable manufacturers in the pharmaceutical industry i.e. Abbott, Pfizer, Bayer-Health, Merck, Martin Dow, Sanofi-aventis, and many more. We make sure that every manufacturer from whom we source the medicines has considerable experience and impeccable track record in the industry. These manufacturers are well known in the market for formulating very effective and pure allopathic medicines that have benefited millions of patients.


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We're always up for new adventures and experiences, so we decided to visit the Silhouette Studio at The Disneyland Resort in California.
First off, do we all know what a Silhouette is? Well if you look at the Miriam-Webster Dictionary it's defined as this: Simple Definition of silhouette. : a dark shape in front of a light background. : a picture of something showing it as a dark shape on a light background; especially : such a picture showing a person's face from the side. : the shape or outline of something.
Secondly, do we know where this lovely little gem is located? It's on Main Street USA. You might of walked past it a million times and have never given it a second glance. I know we did.
Third let's talk a little history. The Silhouette Studio has been around for over 60 years at the Disneyland Resort. All silhouettes of guests are hand cut and they can do over 300 in a single day! Although silhouette art has been around since the Ancient Greece and Egyptians, it really became popular in the mid 18th century before cameras (and iPhones).
Nicole and Mark write things and hopefully y'all read them.
February 2017
Where are we?


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Melasma: What are the best treatments?
Melasma is a pigmentation problem of the pores and skin largely influencing females, particularly those people with darker pores and skin. It is commonly witnessed on the deal with, and seems as dark places and patches with irregular borders. Melasma is not bodily damaging, but reports have proven that it can lead to psychological difficulties and poorer high quality of life because of to the modifications it results in in a person's visual appeal.
Melasma is a popular problem, with a prevalence of 1% that can increase to 50% in greater-chance teams, like people with darker skin. Melasma is known as the "mask of being pregnant" since hormonal modifications caused by being pregnant, as nicely as hormonal drugs this kind of as beginning manage tablets, are key triggers for abnormal skin pigment manufacturing in melasma. Sunshine exposure is another significant contributor to melasma.
Can melasma be prevented?
At present, melasma are unable to be completely prevented in folks who are most likely to create this affliction due to their genetics, pores and skin shade variety, hormones, or sunshine exposure degree. Keeping away from direct sunlight exposure during peak hrs (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), diligently utilizing high-SPF sunscreens, and steering clear of hormonal drugs when feasible could assistance protect from melasma flares and minimize their recurrence following therapy. Strict sun safety is the mainstay of any melasma treatment regimen.
What sunscreen need to melasma individuals use?
Picking an correct sunscreen is vital if you produce melasma, and experiments have proven that wide-spectrum tinted sunscreens, primarily types containing iron oxide, can reduce pigment output in the skin in melasma sufferers, as they block obvious light as nicely as UVA/UVB rays. Non-tinted sunscreens, on the other hand, do not block visible light-weight.
For some men and women, it could possibly be more effortless to use beauty goods this kind of as foundations that have both equally UVA/UVB blockers and obvious gentle blockers this sort of as iron oxide. These items can conceal darkish places and hence relieve the psychosocial affect of melasma, and at the similar time act as a sunscreen to safeguard against darkening of the lesions.
It is critical for individuals with melasma to know that obvious light can go by way of windows, and therefore even if they are not out in the sunshine, they can still get melasma flares by exposing on their own to obvious light although driving or sitting down by a window.
Can melasma be treated?
Now there is no overcome for melasma having said that, there are many drugs and processes accessible to handle this issue. It is important to know that these remedy solutions may end result in an incomplete reaction, indicating that some of the discolorations turn out to be lighter or disappear even though some keep on being unchanged. In addition, repeated relapses are popular.
It is also crucial to be knowledgeable of probable facet outcomes of treatment method, which include darkening of the skin triggered by swelling induced by the treatment, or added lightening of the skin in a dealt with spot. Working with the ideal remedies underneath the supervision of a skin doctor can assistance accomplish treatment aims and preserve them with fewer relapses.
Prevalent melasma treatment options
The most frequently used remedies for melasma are skin lightening remedies that are applied topically. These involve medications this sort of as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide, cysteamine, rucinol, and tranexamic acid. These medicines perform by minimizing pigment generation and inflammation, and by decreasing excess blood vessels in the skin that add to melasma.
Pregnant ladies (who represent a big proportion of melasma sufferers) ought to steer clear of most of these prescription drugs besides for azelaic acid, which is a safe preference during pregnancy. Hydroquinone is a generally used pores and skin lightener that should only be employed for a limited time because of to side consequences that might take place with prolonged use. It can be made use of for up to six months for initial treatment method and then sometimes if essential.
In most individuals a mix treatment is essential for cure for melasma. A widespread selection is the blend of hydroquinone with a retinoid that raises pores and skin cell turnover and a steroid that decreases pores and skin irritation. Oral drugs, such as tranexamic acid, are typically regarded as in extra significant melasma scenarios. This medicine is believed to assist melasma by reducing pigment creation and by lessening excessive blood vessels in the pores and skin.
Supplemental treatment treatments may possibly assistance
If your melasma does not strengthen with topical or oral medications, introducing treatments these as chemical peels and laser therapies to a remedy routine could be effective.
Chemical peels use substances like glycolic acid, alpha-hydroxy acids, and salicylic acid to eliminate the superficial layer of the skin that consists of excessive pigment in melasma sufferers. The consequences of a chemical peel are non permanent, due to the fact this method gets rid of a layer of pores and skin without having minimizing the manufacturing of pigment in regenerating further levels.
Laser therapies can destroy pigment cells in pores and skin and thus lighten the dim places in melasma. Nonetheless, as with any other remedy choice for melasma, there is significant threat of relapse put up-therapy.
Upkeep therapy and prevention
Immediately after attaining improvement of melasma lesions, stringent sunlight security and maintenance therapy need to have to be ongoing. Pores and skin lighteners other than hydroquinone can be employed in blend with retinoids to retain the benefits, and hydroquinone therapy may well be made use of intermittently if wanted.
Takeaway message about melasma
The crucial issue in management of melasma is to use sun protection all the time, and to avoid other triggers such as hormonal drugs when probable. Given that none of the available therapies are a heal, avoidance is the best choice. Persons with melasma should see a board-licensed dermatologist for analysis and correct treatment regimens to take care of melasma and keep the remedy success.


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How Can You Negotiate After the Deal is Done?
"Imagine This: a requisitioner commits to a deal with a supplier without your involvement or approval. Now the supplier believes he's already won the order and you've lost the upper hand in any negotiation. This can be one of the toughest situations you will ever face in procurement."
Network Member Question, January 12, 2009
Like the person who refuses to seek proper medical attention for fear that the doctor may actually find something wrong, many corporations look at compliance investigation or analyses as a sign that the system has somehow broken down and therefore casts a negative "light" on both the individuals involved and the company as a whole.
As a result, non-compliance for which there can be a wide range of root causes from poor authorization procedures, to disparate platforms within largely decentralized enterprises to yes, even unethical practices both intentional and unintentional, is often delegated to the hushed recesses of ancillary background activity. This can significantly limit the potential effectiveness of any undertaking to implement a much needed resolution.
To effectively address issues of non-compliance it is imperative that an "autopsies without blame" approach which was first championed in Jim Collins' book Good to Great, be an essential foundational element of any verification process.
Similar to the innocent until proven guilty edict that governs our legal system, a well designed compliance verification program looks to identify and solve problems rather than simply assigning blame. This of course paves the way for true cooperation and collaboration, as well as full disclosure.
Other than situations in which there is a deliberate attempt to mislead such as in the case of a former vice president of merchandising and operations for Fry's Electronics, who has recently been indicted for allegedly embezzling $6 million through a kickback scheme, the majority of breakdowns are the result of misaligned practices.
In fact in many instances, issues of non-compliance are reflective of the onerous or laborious conditions associated with traditional processes and related technologies that have the propensity to actually hinder a buyer's ability to maximize or achieve a "best-value" outcome. This is usually due to an over reliance on automation versus process understanding and refinement in which intentions to reduce cycle time actually increases operational workloads on the front line. This in turn creates a non-compliant work environment especially in the area of supplier engagement practices as many supply chain/procurement initiatives artificially limit buyers to deal with a core group of "known" suppliers as a means of meeting requirement timelines while simultaneously adhering to the unrealistic procedural standards of an automated system.
In these scenarios, it is important to balance a firm but sensitive approach that removes or corrects the offending practice versus admonishing individuals for poor performance.
And it is this very ability to create the right level of trust that both highlights and distinguishes BC Compliance Group's (BCC) methodology and deep industry expertise.
Hidden Under a Mountain of Paperwork?
Like the Acres of Diamonds fable, in which a farmer expended both energy and resources to scour the world in search of a cache of diamonds that ultimately turned out to be hidden beneath the soil of his own farmland, the opportunity to uncover hidden profits from within the confines of an organization's existing operations is tremendous.
From recuperating "thousands or even millions of dollars of lost profits," to introducing and incorporating a properly aligned set of "best practices and policies" which are designed to truly support management's goals and objectives, a compliance verification initiative provides an objective lens through which key stakeholders can fully assess the opportunities for organizational improvement.
I am not talking about an overarching Lean, Six Sigma type undertaking spanning months or even years, although programs such as these do help in establishing the framework for a holistic transformation over time. What I am talking about is an acute, precisioned effort in which a more immediate return can be identified, captured and realized on a company's financials.
Simplified and streamlined, the compliance verification process works within current operational infrastructures to effect an immediate and positive result on a cost (and time) sensitive basis, while minimizing the impact on day-to-day business.
While the pursuit of your organization's hidden diamonds is a worthwhile endeavor, especially when the overall economy is contracting, there are nonetheless numerous challenges to be addressed before tangible returns can be realized.
Creating Trust and Respect
Pursuing a program that some might consider contentious at best, and an unwarranted inquisition at worst, the initial engagement methodology will establish the tone for the entire exercise.
Therefore it is important to identify and engage internal stakeholders who are capable of creating a collaborative team where the goals of the initiative are clearly defined, fully understood and ultimately pursued with a balanced view of the enterprise's people and its capabilities.
Unlike the much maligned "internal affairs" structure, the emphasis should not be placed on who did what in the past, but how "we" can fix it on a go forward basis. If there are procedural inefficiencies or contradictions, it is a problem to be solved not assigned to any one individual. If conflicting platforms create silos of non-compliance then efforts must be made to both unify and reconcile participation with corporate objectives. If there is malfeasance, then every effort should be made to confine responsibility to the appropriate party or parties, and therefore avoid "painting everyone with the same brush."
In the end, the key element for success is communicative understanding where the issues that originally led to non-compliance including the associated challenges they present to individual stakeholders at each level of the organization are recognized and addressed on a collective basis.
Why BC Compliance Group?
For those of you that are part of my regular readership, you already know that an important tenet of the Procurement Insights Sponsorship Program (which includes these profiles) is my total commitment to neutrality. And as such I will continue to leave the assessment surrounding the viability of the BCC value proposition in your hands, (as always, I will direct you to the Link To Our Sponsors and Sponsor Presentations Sections of the PI Blog to investigate the BCC solution in greater detail, and at your own convenience).
What is interesting about the BCC organization is that their approach is based upon what they refer to as "The Relationship Matrix." Specifically, BCC considers and respects the interests and sensitivities of the relationships between both internal as well as external stakeholders.
This disarming approach means that the process will never be reduced to an accusatory exercise, but instead will focus its energy on expanding, and where necessary establishing more effective channels of discussion and review (i.e. checks and balances). In essence, and whenever possible, solidifying the foundation for an even stronger and a more productive relationship between stakeholders.
Backed by a "No Financial Risk" guarantee, which clearly states that there will be no financial "obligation" for the client until a "measurable" benefit is "realized or received," speaks volumes about BCC's confidence in the firm's methodology. And it should also provide you with the confidence and comfort to challenge the effectiveness of your current processes to recover as well as realize the hidden or lost value within your organization.
Use the following link to learn more about our Sponsorship Program; https://procureinsights.wordpress.com/pi-sponsorship-opportunities/
The Procurement Insights Blog reaches 300,000 syndicated subscribers each month worldwide, and is currently available in several languages including Chinese, Russian and Spanish. New language versions will be added in the near future.


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Ragland Jail Inmate Search and Prison Information
146 Church Circle, Ragland, AL, 35131
Quick Links
Ragland Jail offender lookup: Facility, Bookings, Bond, Marriage and Divorce Records, Age, Probate Documents, Who's in jail, Criminal Records, Status, Arrests, Inmate Roster, Information Recorded, Probation Sentences, Booking Date, Mugshots, Release Date, Booking Number.
The Ragland Jail is situated in Ragland, Alabama.
The Ragland Jail is a part of the Ragland Police Department. The Ragland Police Department is the law enforcement agency that runs the Ragland Jail 24-hours a day, 7 days a week.
The Ragland Jail is a small medium-security holding pen for offenders who were arrested around the city. The Ragland Jail does not house offenders for more than three days due to their size.
If an offender is not released back into the community, the offender will be sent off the local county correctional facility.
Ragland Jail — General Information
146 Church Circle, Ragland, AL, 35131
How to Find Someone in Ragland Jail
Now that you know that the Ragland Jail is indeed managed and operated by the Ragland Police Department you are probably wondering where you can locate the Ragland Police Department records.
That is a great question.
Since the police department is typically spread thin with patrolling the city, running the police department, and running the Ragland Jail they do not have time to have their inmate search public.
So, if you need information, you will need to get in contact with the Ragland Jail with your comments, questions, and concerns.
Sending a Mail/Care Package
Nationwide Inmate Records Online Check
The offenders will not be held in the Ragland Jail long enough to be permitted to receive mail. The Ragland Jail will return any inmate mail back to the sender. They will not forward the mail to the new facility, if they were transferred.
Sending Money
It was previously stated that the offenders in the Ragland Jail are only typically in the facility for about 3 days on average. During this time, the Ragland Jail will attend to all the needs of offenders such as ensuring all offenders get their three meals, personal hygiene, and access to a telephone to call home.
Offenders in the Ragland Jail have no need for cash.
Phone calls
Offenders will have access to a telephone, which they can use to call home on. The telephone calls are not free for you to pick up with, so you will have to keep that in mind when the offender calls you from the Ragland Jail. You will oversee paying for those fees.
Offenders could receive visits if they are still in a holding pen in the Ragland Jail. Visits can be daily between the hours of 9 am to 9 pm.
You should always give the Ragland Jail a call prior to leaving for the facility to ensure that the offender is still in the facility and has not been released or transferred to another facility.
Visiting Hours
Refer the map below to find the driving directions.
Nearby Jail/Prison
Other Types of Correctional Facilities in Alabama
- County Jail 84
- State Prison 37


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BryceM· Registered
4,333 Posts
Discussion Starter · #1 ·
Aquatic Plant Central is pleased to announce the first annual Tank of the Year Aquascaping Contest 2009, inspired by our ever popular Tank of the Month feature. This is a great opportunity to hone your aquascaping skills, share them with the APC community and have them critiqued by an expert panel of judges.
This will be a general aquascaping contest open to the Aquatic Plant Central membership. Any style, size, or tank shape can be entered.
We would like to thank our new owners, Crowd Gather, for generously offering to donate the prize money for the winners.
First Place: $350.00 USD
Second Place: $150.00 USD
Third Place: $50.00 USD
January 31, 2009
Contest Rules:
1. All entrants must be registered members of Aquatic Plant Central.
2. Only one entry per person.
3. All photographs submitted must have been taken between August 1st, 2008 and January 31, 2009.
4. APC requests right of first publication. Your work should not be published elsewhere or submitted to another contest before the close of the contest period.
5. APC retains the right to display submitted photographs for contest purposes, on APC's website, or for promotional merchandise.
Photo Requirements:
You may not post-process your entry to include elements of multiple images, multiple exposures, clip art, computer-rendered images, or elements from other photographs (even those taken during the contest). Entries submitted to previous contests, even those not administrated by APC will not be accepted. Duplicate photos will be disqualified.
Contestants are required to submit one full tank shot of the front of the aquascape. This photograph should be submitted in jpeg format and is limited to 72 dpi and 1100 x 800 pixels maximum.
Though not required for participation, contestants are highly encouraged to submit up to 3 additional images. These might showcase specific design elements, unusual features, progression of the tank over time, or a map of the particular plant species within the aquascape. These photographs should be submitted in jpeg format and are limited to 72 dpi and 600 x 400 pixels maximum.
Titles, dates, the name of the entrant, and other text must not appear in the images.
APC reserves the right to disqualify any entrant for content or behavior deemed to be offensive, inappropriate, or untrue to the spirit of advancing the hobby.
Photo Editing Rules:
* Selective Editing: Adjustments can be made selectively to your photo. Cloning, dodging, burning, etc. to improve your photo or remove imperfections or minor distracting elements is acceptable. However, using editing tools to duplicate, create, or move major elements of your photograph is not permitted.
* Layers: You may use layers, layer masks and alternative layer modes to assist in your selective editing.
* Filters: At your discretion, you may apply filters to your photo, in whole or part. Be aware that extensively altering the "look" of your photograph with an "effects" filter is often not well received by voters.
* Borders: It is suggested that if you decide to use a border, you should only use one or two solid colors around the outside of your photo. However, alternative borders are allowed, as long as they do not contain any text, clip art, photographs, or other artwork.
Any modification done inside the digital camera itself is considered acceptable for challenge submission.
You are highly encouraged to list all of your post-shot editing steps in the "Description" section or as a comment when submitting your photo.
Contest Judging:
• The winners will be determined by an impartial panel of qualified judges. These will be experienced aquascapers outside of APC's staff. The selected panel will be announced before the close of the contest period. They will base their review on the following criteria.
25 points for Originality. How original and creative is the aquascape?
25 points for Cleanliness. Do the plants and animals appear healthy? How clear is the water? Is there any algae present? Is there equipment showing in the photograph?
25 points for Composition. How well are the plants and hardscape composed? Are the fish an appropriate choice for the aquascape? Do all of the elements of the aquascape work well together?
25 points for Difficulty. How challenging was it to achieve the aquascape? How easy is the aquascape to maintain in the condition it is in?
• A popular vote will also be determined by the APC membership. The top ten popular entries will receive from 1 to 10 bonus points, according to their popular rank.
• All entries will be assigned a random number to keep them anonymous from the judges.


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Community: How To Build A Good One
How do you foster a healthy, vital, and engaged community of members? This post provides some key ideas about what to do next.
Transforming A Niche Into Membership Revenue
When you know your niche, the question of what type and amount of content is needed to start a membership site becomes clear.
Mastering Online Selling With Your Blog
Sometimes, the content that triggers sales the most has nothing to do with product descriptions or "buy now" buttons.
A Smart Way To Increase Online Sales
Have you felt like the server running your store is getting slower and the competition is gaining an edge on you? You're not alone in this.


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Every item is shipped based on the best shipping method assessed for the temperature requirements of that specific item. Items are grouped and shipped together whenever
possible, and a separate shipping charge will be included for each shipping method required. Shipping charges listed below are from our US warehouses to the Contiguous US,
Alaska, Hawaii, Canada and Puerto Rico. Shipping charges for countries outside the US and Canada will be determined once order has been received
Ships via FedEx Ground to Contiguous US, Alaska, Canada, Monday through Friday. This method is used for less temperature sensitive items such as lab ware and animal
health products, bulky and/or heavy items
MYL5 Antibody (SB-19) is an IgG1 κ mouse monoclonal MYL5 antibody (also designated MYL5 antibody) suitable for the detection of the MYL5 protein of human origin by WB, IP and ELISA. MYL5 Antibody (SB-19) is available as the non-conjugated anti-MYL5 antibody. Myosin interacts with actin to generate the force for diverse cellular movements, including cytokinesis, phagocytosis and muscle contraction. Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains (MHC) and 4 light chains (MLC), two of which are nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains and the other two are phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. Myosin regulatory light chain 5, also known as Myosin LC2, is encoded by the MYL5 gene and expressed in fetal muscle as well as adult retina, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. Removal of light chains from myosin reduces the velocity of actin filaments. Reconstitution of myosin with regulatory light chain 5 or alkali light chain increases filament velocity to intermediate rates, and readdition of both classes of light chains fully restores the original sliding velocity.
版权所有© 2007-2023 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 保留所有权利。
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 是生物医学研究市场产品开发的世界领导者。请拨打0086-021-60936350联系我们。
版权所有© 2007-2023 Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 保留所有权利。"Santa Cruz Biotechnology" 和Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.的商标,"Santa Cruz Animal Health", "San Juan Ranch", "Supplement of Champions", San Juan Ranch的商标,"UltraCruz", "ChemCruz", "ImmunoCruz", "ExactaCruz", 和 "EZ Touch"是Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.的注册商标。所有商标均为其各自所有者的财产。
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To place an order using RMB or to ship to mainland China, please visit www.scbio.cn


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Panamax MR4000 8-Outlet Home Theater Power Management & Surge Protection
Panamax MR4000 8-Outlet Home Theater Power Management & Surge Protection
The Panamax MR4000 will guard your audio/video system from damaging power spikes as well as the minor day-to-day current fluctuations that can compromise your system's performance over time.
Top-quality picture and sound start with clean power
With today's high-definition video and high-resolution audio sources, it's more important than ever to keep noise to a minimum. The seven rear-panel AC outlets employ Panamax's Level 2 noise filtering, which significantly reduces AC line noise.
The MR4000 offers multiple layers of surge protection. Panamax's patented Automatic Voltage Monitoring (AVM) technology continuously monitors the incoming power. In case of an under-voltage or brownout (too little electricity), or an over-voltage (too much electricity), the power to your equipment is automatically switched off. When voltage returns to a safe level, power to the equipment is automatically reconnected.
The other layer of surge protection is Panamax's exclusive Protect or Disconnect™ technology. This ultra-fast circuitry completely protects your equipment from catastrophic surges such as those caused by lightning. When that type of extreme event occurs, the MR4000 automatically disconnects AC power to your equipment.
Additional protection for coaxial and LAN connections
The MR4000 also provides one set of in/out coaxial terminals to shield your satellite, cable TV or over-the-air antenna connections. A pair of protected Ethernet jacks lets you plug in your laptop and surf the web on a protected connection.
Product Highlights:
- Total of 8 surge-protected, noise-filtered AC outlets — 7 rear, 1 front:
- seven rear-panel switched outlets
- one front-panel always-on convenience outlet
- Automatic Voltage Monitoring (AVM) technology continuously monitors incoming AC power to protect against over- and under-voltage situations
- Protect or Disconnect™ technology disconnects AC power to equipment in the event of a catastrophic surge or spike
- Level 2 EMI/RFI noise filtration circuitry reduces AC line noise
- One set of in/out coaxial RF connections for cable/satellite/TV antenna
- One set of in/out RJ-45 LAN connections
- 1350-joule surge protection
- Maximum current rating: 15 amps
- 8-ft. power cord with low-profile plug
- 17"W x 2-1/8"H x 7-5/16"D
- Weight: 6.5 lbs.
- Warranty: 3 years


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চট্রগ্রামের চাকরির খবর
Job title: Content Writer
Job description: Job Context
We are looking to hire a dedicated Content Writer to create content for blogs, articles, product descriptions, social media, and the company website. The Content Writer`s responsibilities include evaluating analytics to adjust content as needed, regularly updating the company`s website, and promoting the company blog by pitching articles to various third-party platforms. You should also be able to follow editorial guidelines when creating content. To be successful as a Content Writer, you should keep abreast of the latest SEO techniques. Ultimately, a top-performing Content Writer should be able to contribute to the development of strategies that will increase reader engagement.
Job Responsibilities
- Conducting in-depth research on industry-related topics in order to develop original content.
- Developing content for blogs, articles, product descriptions, social media, and the company website.
- Assisting the marketing team in developing content for advertising campaigns.
- Proofreading content for errors and inconsistencies.
- Editing and polishing existing content to improve readability.
- Conducting keyword research and using SEO best practices to increase traffic to the company website.
- Creating compelling headlines and body copy that will capture the attention of the target audience.
- Identifying customers' needs and recommending new content to address gaps in the company's current content.
Employment Status
Educational Requirements
- Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
- Bachelor's degree in Communications, Marketing, English, Journalism, or related field.
Experience Requirements
- 2 to 4 year(s)
- The applicants should have experience in the following area(s):
Content Developer, Creative content writing for ecommerce products., Experience on Relevant Field, Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Additional Requirements
- Age 20 to 45 years
- Both males and females are allowed to apply
- Minimum 2-4 year as a content writer years for experts.
- The applicants should have experience in the following area(s): Creative Content Writing, Creative Script Writing, Blog writing, Web research, Search Engine Optimization.
- Creative-Web writing experience is a must.
- An Experienced Writer – you've published high-quality content on reputed sites (e.g. articles, blogs, documentation).
- Hard worker and passionate – we are growing super-FAST.
- Able to multitask and work under pressure to maintain the project on time and understand the importance of detailed professional quality of work.
- Very high English communication skills (Specially Written).
- Candidates with strong editorial experience will get special preferences.
- Hired personnel must work at the office
- Proven content writing or copywriting experience.
- Working knowledge of content management systems.
- Proficient in all Microsoft Office applications.
- A portfolio of published articles.
- Excellent writing and editing skills.
- The ability to work in a fast-paced environment.
- The ability to handle multiple projects concurrently.
- Effective communication skills.
Job Location
Tk. 20000 – 30000 (Monthly)
Compensation & Other Benefits
- Mobile bill, Medical allowance
- Lunch Facilities: Partially Subsidize
- Salary Review: Yearly
- Festival Bonus: 2
Job Source
Bdjobs.com Online Job Posting.
Expected salary: 20000 – 30000 per month
Location: Chittagong
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I did not spend too much time outside today.
Weather: It was raining for much of the day. Winds seemed to be light around campus.
At Sage rock near high tide there were a couple dozen gulls, a Double-crested Cormorant and some Harlequin Ducks. There were probably over 30 Harlequin Ducks total from Sage Rock to the Hatchery outflow.


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|1h 36m
|33 km
|Average price
|310 zł
|Nearby airports
|5 found
The nearest airport to Hel is Gdansk (GDN). Kaliningrad Bus Terminal operates a bus from Kaliningrad Bus station to Gdańsk Główny 3 times a day. Tickets cost 35 zł - 190 zł and the journey takes 3h 45m. Alternatively, you can take a train from Poznan (POZ) to Hel via Poznań Główny, Poznan Glowny, and Gdynia Glowna in around 7h 5m.
There is widespread community transmission globally.
Some travel restrictions are being lifted in Poland. For the latest travel status, please check the official page for Poland.
The nearest airport to Hel is Gdansk (GDN) Airport which is 33.1 km away. Other nearby airports include Kaliningrad (KGD) (118.5 km).More information
It takes 1h 36m to get from Hel to Gdansk (GDN) Airport.More information
We recommend flying to Gdansk (GDN) Airport, which is 33.1 km away from Hel. The taxi from Gdansk (GDN) to Hel takes 1h 36m.More information
There are 186+ hotels available in Hel. Prices start at 500 zł per night.More details
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If this error continues to happen, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we'll see if we can help.


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Jakefiction Hellbound With You novel – Chapter 660 – Do not let me down chop naughty read-p1
Novel–Hellbound With You–Hellbound With You
Chapter 660 – Do not let me down wash statuesque
Interior Zeres' hideout, Lilith acquired was able to get away from from Zeres' chains because of a selected awareness that she was suddenly reminded of. And adding to that knowledge, she also sensed like she obtained got even more sturdiness and potential with a short period of time.
The minions arrived preparing in plus the deal with started again. On this occasion it turned out fiercer as Kyle and Lucas were not quite as overwhelmed nowadays.
Kyle was still grinning while he appeared back to where Lucas was while using deceased vampire in tow. He was sensing good about how exactly he taken care of the problem with getting two man young children grab a glimpse of them vampires. When he searched to where Lucas had been a when earlier, great shock and surprise colored his experience. The horde of undead vampires who are unstoppable just instances in the past were definitely all deceased – not too unbeatable naturally. Their bodies ended up scattered on the floor, some overall, most not.
Together swords in the hands, Lilith came out with the altar, alarming all the witches which are circling it. They all searched just like that they had witnessed a ghost.
Go to my account to view it and add more it inside your selection. Thank you for the service my precious followers. Love you males. I really hope you might go on promoting me. I'm so grateful that a great many people will still be voting for this particular guide regardless of the cheaper update. You can find a distressing explanation why I'm creating less and less now for this particular book that I couldn't quite share with you guys. But don't stress I am just making an attempt my wise to overcome it. I will not drop this guide nor input it on hiatus to ensure you don't ought to be concerned, the updates will continue but make sure you don't anticipate it to be regular.
I am likely to revise twice a 7 days but with additional chapters as opposed to 1 morning on a daily basis. Each and every Sunday and Wednesday I'll improve this arrange 2-5 chapters each revise.
"Not a thing. His Highness simply managed what he found it necessary to do." Lucas responded after which he focused on his healing.
"What went down? What managed buddy do?" He requested Lucas even so the mankind just shrugged.
Their interest was drawn for the course of where Zeres and Alexander were fighting. These people were forex trading blows up there, in the thick hurricane cloud, certainly not concerned about the health of the weather. Though they could hardly visit a factor, they might see the enormous potential and ominous possible danger roaring in addition to the blossoming thunder and tough force of the wind.
Kyle was still grinning as he arrived returning to where Lucas was with the gone vampire in tow. He was feeling good precisely how he dealt with the problem with obtaining two human young children capture a glimpse of them vampires. When he looked to where Lucas was a although earlier, surprise and delight shaded his deal with. The horde of undead vampires who had been unbeatable just events ago were all deceased – not unstoppable of course. Their health have been spread out on the floor, some total, most not.
The fresh vampire prince blinked a couple of times before taking tough as his gaze declined to the wonder who experienced visit offer them a fretting hand. His buddy was standing in the midst of the heap of dead bodies, poised and stylish just like he failed to just ma.s.sacre a whole provider of wild and rouge vampires. With all the rainfall plunging as well as the lightning flas.h.i.+ng around during the qualifications, his brother was only quietly standing up there in doing what checked to become this sort of awful scenario.
"End this nonsense." She snarled and pinned them with a tough glare. "If you do not prevent today, I am going to push each one of that you end."
Kyle stared at his brother. He noticed Lucas failed to look like surprised at all. This meant his brother performing something similar to this was not new things plus it got occurred before, not less than to Lucas. Intrigue and attention overloaded him, and he was type of annoyed that he or she possessed ignored it. He was very sure his brother's struggling stance was truly a appearance to behold.
Kyle stared at his sibling. He recognized Lucas failed to are considered amazed at all. This resulted in his sibling doing similar to it was not new stuff plus it experienced transpired formerly, at the very least to Lucas. Interest and attention flooded him, and the man was form of upset that he experienced overlooked it. He was certain his brother's struggling posture was truly a vision to behold.
There was very little even more find of her flaming crimson head of hair and piercing natural sight. Her hair experienced now eliminated so brilliant similar to the moonlight, even her irises did actually have already been bleached of the common natural green tint.
Hellbound With You
"Destroy her!" They roared and so they lunged over in a very craze to strike Lilith similar to a package of angry puppies.
The minions arrived preparing in as well as the beat started again. This period it was subsequently fiercer as Kyle and Lucas have been not quite as stressed any further.
Kyle was still grinning as he emerged straight back to where Lucas was with the deceased vampire in pull. He was sensing fantastic regarding how he treated the issue with having two individual little ones capture a peek at them vampires. As he looked to where Lucas was really a while earlier, shock and delight colored his encounter. The horde of undead vampires who were unstoppable just moments before were all dead – not too unbeatable after all. Their bodies were definitely spread on the floor, some entire, most not.
"Stop this nonsense." She snarled and pinned these people with a fierce glare. "If you do not avoid right now, I will push all anyone to avoid."
It had taken a long whilst just before the witches may make any sound. It was totally obvious they might not feel their eye. But too early, their vision were again clouded with madness in addition to their gazes made from surprise to contempt.
The little vampire prince blinked a couple of times before ingesting challenging as his gaze dropped to your miraculous who acquired come to lend them a hand. His buddy was status during the heap of lifeless physiques, ready and stylish as if he failed to just ma.s.sacre a whole company of wild and rouge vampires. With the rainwater dropping and also the super flas.h.i.+ng around inside the track record, his sibling was just quietly standing upright there with what searched to always be this sort of awful landscape.
Kyle landed beside Lucas who was currently curing himself from the wounds he endured most of the struggling previously. Kyle knew that Lucas have been quite distracted the complete time because the deal with started. It was evident the gentleman was ensuring that to watch out over him inspite of the intensity of the battle and this was the primary reason why he had experienced a large number of heavy wounds and quite a few have been profound lacerations.
The minions arrived flowing in and also the battle started again. This time it was subsequently fiercer as Kyle and Lucas had been not as bogged down any longer.
AN: read Spellbound now h.e.l.lbounders, when it's still free of charge ^^
What got occured? How have he even find a way to eliminate those undead in this short period of time? Specifically what have he do?
It required a long whilst until the witches could make any seem. It was totally obvious they can not believe their eye. But too quickly, their eye were again clouded with madness in addition to their gazes transformed from surprise to contempt.
Along with her swords in their own fingers, Lilith sprang out on the altar, shocking the many witches that had been circling it. Each will appeared almost like they had seen a ghost.
The very first thing got to her head the time she saw themselves was her queen. That had been ideal. She was without some time to stand in this article being stunned at her latest looks. She must obtain Queen Alicia!
This unexpected influx of potential was strong it had overwhelmed her complete becoming. And once it finally ceased flowing into her, she noticed just like she had not been quite herself any longer.
So when hanging around, check out Spellbound. It'll be kept up to date on a daily basis.
Their attention was pulled on the path of where Zeres and Alexander were actually combating. These people were forex trading blows up there, on the thick thunderstorm cloud, certainly not troubled about the health of the weather conditions. Whilst they could hardly go to a element, they can glance at the huge ability and ominous hazard roaring together with the booming thunder and intense blowing wind.
"I can't are convinced the modern queen is really somewhat little one." One of many witches sneered with disgust. "How outrageous! This has to be the reason why us witches have been cared for like s.h.i.+t! For this reason most people acknowledge that the only ruler who truly need to guideline the witches is our King Zeres! A young child as you don't need to guideline any of us!!" Their indignant sounds clamoured and rose inside a fevered pitch.
AN: examine Spellbound now h.e.l.lbounders, whilst it's still free of charge ^^
Go to my profile to find out it and include it in your collection. Many thanks for the help my dear readers. Love you folks. I hope you are going to proceed aiding me. I'm so grateful that numerous people are still voting with this guide in spite of the less update. There is a sad good reason why I'm writing less now because of this arrange that I couldn't quite share with you folks. But don't fret I am just trying my better to overcome it. I will not decrease this arrange nor place it on hiatus so that you don't should stress, the improvements will continue but make sure you don't expect it to be everyday.
When she shattered free of her chains, she looked at her reflection about the ruined gla.s.s windowpane and she failed to really know what to experience and the ways to behave with the eyesight of herself. She possessed not been checking out herself since she started seeing the modifications taking place in the. Only now got she mustered within the daring to check out themselves, but she could hardly consider what she was observing.
What acquired transpired? How performed he even find a way to get rid of those undead in this short period of time? Exactly what managed he do?


text:
Scientific Anglers Dacron Backing · 20 lb · 250 yd · White
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Cardinal Ivan Dias, prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelisation of Peoples, who is the most senior Catholic delegate invited to the Lambeth Conference, has diagnosed many Christian communities with "spiritual Alzheimer's" and "ecclesial Parkinson's." Whoa! A cardinal telling it… Continue Reading →
The refusal of Cardinals, Bishops, Priest and Laity to listen to the Church has a cost. Taken Cardinal Murphy O Connor's public stand against Pope Benedict's Motu Proprio. The Pope asked for the liberalization of the Latin Mass. And among… Continue Reading →
Pope Benedict XVI is planning to appoint a number of new cardinals in November, Earth Times said Monday. According to Rome-based daily Il Messagero, German Bishop Josef Cordes, 53, was likely to be among the appointees. Mind you, the Vatican… Continue Reading →
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It has been reported that Inter Milan are intensifying their pursuit of Red Star Belgrade midfielder Marko Grujic.
Premier League giants Chelsea and Manchester United have been battling for the young Serb's signature this season, however, Inter are now stepping in.
Inter have the edge in the battle thanks to coach Roberto Mancini's No2, Dejan Stankovic, who is idolised by Grujic.
The Nerazzurrri are planning to offer €4.5 million to Red Star for the midfielder in January ahead of loaning him to Chievo Verona.
Grujic has been likened to Chelsea midfielder Nemanja Matic.


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September 2017
Our Junior Preschool room is becoming more and more independent!
We have been working hard on our self-help skills, along with helping one another and sharing with each other.
Our little ones are growing up fast and becoming wonderful and independent people. Such a great bunch of kids and we are so proud of their accomplishments!
Keep up the great work Juniors!


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John L. Micek is the Capital-Star's editor-in-chief. He's been covering Pennsylvania politics for more than 20 years and most recently served as opinion editor at PennLive/The Patriot-News in Harrisburg, Pa. Micek's commentary is syndicated to more than 800 newspapers nationwide by Cagle Syndicate. And he's a regular contributor to a host of broadcast outlets in Pennsylvania and abroad. Like the Mercury, the Capital-Star is part of States Newsroom.
Public defenders are the bedrock of our legal system. Tom Cotton damaged that.
By: John Micek - April 8, 2022
Since it seems to have become something of a thing of late, here's what the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution says about the right to an attorney and the right to a fair and speedy trial: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an […]
At Williamsburg, a reminder of what we've gained, and could yet lose
By: John Micek - December 31, 2021
An appropriately picturesque walking bridge connects the Visitors' Center at Colonial Williamsburg to the meticulously recreated historic site about a mile away. And every step along it is a step backward into our tangled, jumbled and often painful history as a nation. At regularly spaced intervals, plaques set into the concrete remind you that, in […]
Everything we know about work is wrong. The pandemic proved it.
By: John Micek - September 6, 2021
So what can the plight of a little café tell you about the state of the American economy and the changing face of work? A lot, as it turns out. The other week, the bistro where my family and I have been grabbing brunch every Sunday since the start of the pandemic announced that it […]
'A once in a generation investment': Biden unveils $2T infrastructure package; creating millions of jobs
By: John Micek and Jacob Fischler - March 31, 2021
Unveiling what he called the boldest domestic spending package since the construction of America's interstate highway system and the dawning of the space race, President Joe Biden released broad details of a $2 trillion infrastructure package that would rebuild highways and bridges, along with providing funding programs for housing, broadband and schools and increasing U.S. […]
Here's the danger at the heart of Trump's meddling in the judiciary
By: John Micek - February 18, 2020
U.S. Sen. Susan Collins was absolutely right about this much: President Donald Trump has learned his lesson. And he's learned it by heart. Thanks to the Senate's cowardly abdication of its responsibilities two weeks ago, the Republican president now feels absolutely emboldened to trample on what few constitutional norms remain standing in Washington D.C. Since Collins, of […]
After witness vote, a Senate only Caligula could love
By: John Micek - February 3, 2020
The next time someone tells you that the U.S. Senate is the world's greatest deliberative body, your answer should be no longer than two words: Marco Rubio. Here's what the Republican senator from Florida, and one-time Leader of the Free World aspirant, had to say about the impeachment trial that will likely wrap up this week with […]


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Neutral Density 4x (0.6) Filter - Neutral Density 4x (0.6) Filter - 30.5mm Neutral Density 4x (0.6) Camera Lens Filter
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- Each glass surface includes four layers of anti-reflection coating to prevent internal ghosting and reflections
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The Heliopan 30.5mm Neutral Density 4x (0.6) Filter is an ND filter with a 4x filter factor that provides a 2-stop exposure reduction. Its 0.6 density creates a darkening of the entire image, allowing you to photograph with a wider aperture or slower shutter speed than normally required. By slowing your exposure time or increasing your aperture, you are able to control depth of field and convey movement more easily. Neutral density filters do not affect the coloration of the image and are ideal for pairing with other filters.
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- Filter Size:
- 30.5mm
- Frame Material:
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- Optics:
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- Warranty:
- Limited Lifetime


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(Center Square) – Newly released state data show that the number of students taking advantage of the state's new educational freedom program has doubled since it began a year ago, costing taxpayers is also increasing.
According to the State Department of Education, 3,025 students were enrolled in the program as of September, allowing students to divert taxpayer funds to private schools and homeschooling.
School board member Frank Edelblut said the program is growing at a "faster than expected" pace but gives thousands of students the option to attend the school of their choice.
"While it exceeded our expectations, New Hampshire families have had the opportunity to determine the best educational pathway for their children, and we have provided students from underprivileged backgrounds with a variety of options to meet their individual learning needs. "Knowing we have options is exciting and encouraging," the statement said.
According to the Ministry of Education, about 27 percent of the students enrolled in the program this grade were from public schools. The rest were homeschooled, attended private school, or attended school for the first time.
The data shows that the state's cost of education has risen steadily as enrollment has increased. The state plans to tap her $14.7 million this year from the state's education trust fund, which includes program reserves, according to state education officials. Last year, the state spent about $8 million on this program.
According to the Josiah Bartlett Center, New Hampshire is one of at least 10 states that have approved the use of Educational Freedom Accounts for private school education.
Under the law, public school fees are paid for K-12 students who decide to attend private or charter school. The family applies for annual grants ranging from her $4,000 to her $8,000 per student.
According to program eligibility limits, participants must be below the federal poverty level of 300% or below $79,500 for a family of four.
The program is administered by the Children's Scholarship Fund, a private, non-profit organization operating under contract with the state.
Proponents of the new law say it will provide more opportunities for students who don't want to attend public schools, ultimately saving the state money.
Critics say the new law will siphon limited funding and resources from traditional public schools. The teachers' union has challenged the law in court, arguing that it plans to force cities and towns to raise property taxes to make up for the state's funding shortfalls.
Education reform advocates who pushed for the change disagreed, arguing that the move would benefit public and private schools and improve overall educational outcomes.
Proponents also argue that the program saves taxpayers money, given that the average cost of public school is $21,386 per year for the current 3,025 participants attending public school. , taxpayers claim to have to pay a combined $64.7 million annually.