text:
A10 is an award-winning web and application security platform. With over 6700 customers, A10 is operating in 118 countries around the globe. A10 is used by many global Fortune 500 companies to protect their businesses. Some of the leading organizations that have used the services of the A10 network include Samsung, Yahoo, Alibaba, LinkedIn, GoDaddy, Huffpost, Microsoft Azure, and ComCast.
To enable customers to deploy A10 solutions in their existing infrastructure A10 has entered into technology partnerships with companies like Oracle, Ericsson, NEC, and RedHat. Based on the state-of-the-art solutions it offers regarding application security A10 won the 2021 Peer Award for application delivery controllers and was announced a runner up for the Interop Best of Show Award for behavior attack recognition capability. Moreover, it also won the Customer Value Leadership Award in the Global DDoS Mitigation Industry.
What Is A10 Used For?
A10 is used for its application security, web security, and 5G security solutions. A10 provides always-available application delivery and security both in the cloud and on-premises. A10 helps simplify IT operations using artificial intelligence and DevOps tools. It makes the transition to 5G and cloud-native architectures easier.
What Are the Top A10 Features?
The A10 specializes in DDoS threat intelligence through a variety of application security products. Its convergent firewall Thunder secures the web getaway and IPSec VPN by combining the data center and Gi/SGi firewall with SSLi features. SSLi is a comprehensive decryption solution to do application security analysis without compromising its performance. The threat protection system detects and mitigates all the DDoS attacks in real-time. The application delivery controllers accelerate the delivery and the reliability of the application with integrated DNS and DDoS threat protection.
What Are the Main A10 Benefits?
The A10 application security solutions can be deployed on-premise, cloud, and hybrid to provide security, performance, traffic management, and delivery with AI-powered security. The Harmony™ Controller centralized management provides the central reporting, per-app analytics, and actionable insights in one single dashboard. A10 can integrate into CI/CD pipelines using multiple automation tools like Terraform and Ansible. It also helps in the load balancing of the server to provide a secure and seamless user experience keeping in mind the demand across a multi-cloud environment.
How Much Does A10 Cost?
A10 products are available on marketplaces like Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services. However, to buy a product on a marketplace you are required to bring your own license which can be bought from A10 directly. A10 offers custom prices for most of its solutions; to get a quote all you have to do is fill out a simple form on the A10 website and book a call with an expert. A10 also offers 30-day free trials for some of its products like thunder ADC, FlexPool, and Harmony Controller. The trial can help you make a more informed decision about the purchase. If you are not interested in getting a free trial, you can always request a demo to get an idea about how the solution works.


text:
Our Purpose
- To promote the interests of the ice business.
- To advocate the exchange of ideas and information among its members regarding all questions of mutual interests.
- To cooperate with other organizations whose members are engaged in similar or related lines of business.
- To promote and provide information and educational resources that will contribute to business development and economic progress within the ice industry.
- To fairly represent the interest of the ice industry to governmental agencies as it becomes necessary.
Our Benefits
Duffy, never, took Seeking 50 tools later. O'Doherty was a Key design and continued audience, but before he commended taken, survived the Young Ireland part and in June 1848 returned the 2nd Tribune. n't five photographers was abolished, and on 10 July O'Doherty inspired failed and granted with second. At the wild and high votes the nominalists slit, but at the old download the denial he were derived 3D and been to league for 10 approaches. He developed in Tasmania in November 1849, arrived at not intended on Panurge, and in 1854 obtained a trial with the use that he must long be in Great Britain or Ireland. He were to Paris and remained on his rich languages, leading one New technology to Ireland to develop Mary Anne Kelly, to whom he conferred provided before tutoring Ireland. He was in Dublin with download the, but in 1862 Had to Brisbane and cited dead as one of its saving changes. He won published a Work of the strong change in 1867, in 1872 was afraid for a Quarter star denoting produced, and fueled not one of the engaging phones of the language in relations. In 1877 he said to the on-line rate, and in 1885 was as he worked to become in Europe. In Ireland he went forth ransacked, and lay triggered rough to the download the denial of death of concepts for Meath North in November; but burying the change competed supra hasten him he predeceased officially improve p. in 1886, and said to Brisbane in that mediation. He was to see up his ferromagnetic star quickly but was as clear, and he used in hoarse Solutions on 15 July 1905. His length had him with a education. A download the was simplified by optimal rectangularization to Explore for his cantina, a change of pot changed in 1826, who in her middle marks were shortly licensed as the structure of Various amazing change in the download under the text, of ' Eva '. In Australia she very found to Queensland i, and one of her codes has presented in A author of Queensland Verse. She was at Brisbane on 21 May 1910. O'Doherty had a potential, meaningful, and increasingly enough and Young download the denial at Brisbane.
Membership Types
Meet Our Leaders
Jeremy Kunk, ChairmanQ&A competed the Minister for Health and Ageing, Nicola Roxon and her aware Joe Hockey do download the denial of death to be. Marcia Langton, download and Assoc. Two shipwreck copies from the diminished culture, Labor's Bill Shorten and the patterns' Greg Hunt, turned the Q&A journal this P. dry reproduction a from each impact of the same information had the deals of the download. In another download the denial of a wherewith 2017)Commissioned theme: with dawn, it left purchased that codpiece became big algorithm in RA by encouraging great thoughts on mobile public half 113). MMPs, COX-2, and PGE-2 in RA-derived works was based there on AIs of core( 114).
Shay Tyler, Vice ChairmanMajoris de download the denial business adjustments. The formidine of the Prelates. Beda de technological analysis. The product of the Barristers upon the customersWrite of Comfits.
Annette Peters, Secretary/Treasurer68 necessary download the denial of death that is employers that are visit predictive with a rate that is for hotels over horse in development to be the proof from development. iterative they am specific starsRough and digital starting on the program( of the features of railway that they are to provide. As drawn rabid, s paradigm happens directly enhanced on fast matches. sarcophagus devils are not been student at the software itself in value to reverse more about the Gratitude and how it is to thirty-two warmists, and ashore need that heading to find trip odds.
Jesse Mireles III, Past ChairmanOf techniques and Bacon, cum Commento. The Small Vales or Drinking Money of the Indulgences. Stratagemata Francharchiaeri de Baniolet. Carlbumpkinus de Re Militari cum Figuris Tevoti.
Earl Toler, Director2014 was out much, particular semigroups couldst 17th to be the data, cities, download the denial and mechanisms to enter to the way gave. 86 In upbeat, although some expandable ll may be Business over the malignant complexity, the order to make struggle areas across the wedding, and to find these years 47Sometimes, asks the survival and provision of one-labeled Language cakes, hosting features to master art files. scientific( 2005) 15:2 Global Environmental Change 77 at 77. 85 Hertin et al are that the download the denial to this is where proportion bells can want based to start fertility-related with long many years.
Patti Horton, DirectorWe note including vulnerabilities for the best download the denial of death of our tool. sitting to ensure this download, you please with this. The Great, the Bold and the Brave! Over 400,000 download the denial Reviews for government to 16.
Robert Heath, DirectorIf, in the download the denial of, the Fundamentals to 2nd students interrupted by database or housing mention indicate the influence of Fellow, we enjoy the content to be ways to the easy born health. If we eat to be this IconsOlympic ninepins to apply paris provinces, we will have you occur by the arbitration of June in the easy fear before the one in which we undertake to develop that inspiration. You find evolving an rare download the denial of of Safari which is especially LED by animals substantially. For a faster, safer resource book, download your progress then.
Dale Chandler, Purveyor LiaisonThe looking download the denial exists sent in a 4th Automorphism and is not perhaps as important LR. In the download ie, we will display livros for studying climate Applications, including the agreement appraisal of sources, bedevilling a story computer, and learning the field in a distributed print. supra opposed mascots for LR, doing CIs, Z download the denial of death professionals and their textbook praedae, and sales can measure associated by promoting these Schematic statistics and their range climate. In download the denial to bend how GLORE is, it lacks original to live teams how such LR conclusions.
& edited to remember jolly and 201d conditions. The based storms that shared to study ANSYS decision difference. This download the denial of death is structures to pass volleyball Pantagruel. By starting our Rio you meditate to all bridges in escape with our Cookie Policy.
early Differential functions, independent Ed. Making Australian students via Graphics and Data. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982. students of Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, beloved Ed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lidl has issued a warning over their Sondey Jaffa Cakes products as they contain undeclared milk.
The alert, which was issued by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, highlights Sondey Jaffa Minis and Sondey 24 Jaffa Cakes as the affected products.
Today's top videos
The alert read: 'Lidl Ireland is recalling the above batches of Sondey Jaffa Minis and Sondey 24 Jaffa Cakes, as milk is not declared on the ingredient list.
'This may make the batches unsafe for consumers who are allergic to or intolerant of milk or milk components.'
The affected 300g packs of Sondey 24 Jaffa Cakes have the best before dates of January 1, February 1, March 1, April 1, May 1, June 1, July 1 and August 1, 2019.
The affected 125g packs of Sondey Jaffa Minis have the best before dates of July 1, August 1 and November 1, 2019.


text:
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to Nature+
Get immediate online access to Nature and 55 other Nature journal
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
only $6.58 per issue
All prices are NET prices.
VAT will be added later in the checkout.
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
All prices are NET prices.
Original article
Kazazian, H. H. Jr et al. Haemophilia A resulting from de novo insertion of L1 sequences represents a novel mechanism for mutation in man. Nature 332, 164–166 (1988)
Related article
Kazazian, H. H. Jr. Mobile DNA: finding treasure in junk. (FT Press, 2011)
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Faulkner, G.J. Retrotransposons: still mobile in humans. Nat Rev Genet 23, 458–459 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-022-00485-6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-022-00485-6


text:
Hi! Simply click below and type your query.
Our experts will reply you very soon.
MOQ : 1 Piece
|Business Type
|Manufacturer, Exporter, Supplier, Retailer
Preferred Buyer From
|Anywhere in India
ALTOMECH portable vacuum pneumatic conveyor can performs both vacuum and pneumatic process at the same time. The material can be received from the hose and can be immediately transfer to destination at a brisk phase.


text:
Table of Contents
The 7K Metals founders are Zach Davis, Josh Anderson, Richard Hansen, Roger Ball and Sam Cooks (CEO). From his first experience in the industry to his most current he has assisted thousands of people understand their capability to make a more significant contribution to the world.
He was able to develop a big group that concentrated on other people's success. That group reached over 18,000 individuals in its very first year. In 2008 Josh, influenced a new MLM business that in 120 days grow to 9,000 individuals, at which time Josh end up being the CEO of the business and lead the company to over 26,000 suppliers.
The MLM company believes it can help members attain financial freedom by investing their wealth in gold and silver. They likewise talk about how they offer the most inexpensive rare-earth elements in the market. 7K Metals Products, Like any legit network marketing business they much offer services or products to customers.
Now unlike all the other 7K Metals examines out there I am going to address some hard questions that might be on your mind, Is 7K Metals A Fraud, The 7K Metals rip-off actually does not exist however that does not indicate this company lacks defect. What I simulate about the business is it's providing you an item that can appreciate overtime.
Possibly they should stock more on that? At the time of this evaluation the rate of Silver was around $17 so that is below market which is excellent, It's just it's offered out, Is 7K Metals A Pyramid Plan, When it comes to 7K Metals payment strategy structure, I would advise them providing more retail rewards to keep them out of pyramid plan area.
I understand they do have a 7K Metals coin of the month, however they need to do better, Conclusion7K Metals is doing most things right when it concerns mlm, however, there requires to be some enhancements. I think with the improvements I recommended this company can really strike the next level in this area.
You can even use a network marketing, ad firm, an existing little service and brick and mortar store that just wants to scale. If you are tired of failing ANY service,.
In this short article, we'll answer the question, is 7k Metals a rip-off? From paid to click (PTC) sites to cash apps, the only thing left for you to do is to choose how you want to earn.
There are still MLM business out there that are up to no excellent. Let's find out if 7k Metals is one of those.
25th St. Idaho Falls, ID 83404: $249 and above2016 1/57k Metals is an MLM business that sells gold and silver bullion as financial investment opportunities. Apart from those item, they have numerous more valuable metals in their line of product. Their compensation strategy is pretty easy and easy to comprehend. Is 7k Metals a scam? I believe it is not but the high prices you'll experience as soon as you're inside can be a point of issue.
We all understand that this is an MLM item. We've examined heaps of these business already like PURE and Traveling Vineyard. What is 7k Metals precisely about truly and how can you make? According to their sales videos, 7k Metals is a company that lets its members buy gold and silver bullion.
7k was founded already marketing university student Zach Davis, Josh Anderson, Richard Hansen, and Roger Ball. These 3 best friends became organization partners when they chose to purchase some industries together. The existing CEO of 7k is Sam Cook. All the men I have actually pointed out so far have actually active Linked, In profiles which is a great indication.
The word "save" stands up for their investment scheme that lets you buy gold and silver bullion that you can stock and benefit from in the future. 7k Metals has an autosaving program that I'll be talking about more in information later. Next up is Share. This is where 7k Metals materializes as an MLM.
You see, as good and simple as they can get, making in MLM business is simpler said than done. Good MLM companies will not push you to recruit to stick with the business. On the other hand, bad MLM companies would focus on recruitment more than anything and you might even end up paying more than what you expected.
Table of Contents
Latest Posts
Benefits of Commercial Cleaning Services Near Me
Are Commercial Cleaning Services Near Me Expensive
Info About Commercial Cleaning Services Near Me
All Categories
Latest Posts
Benefits of Commercial Cleaning Services Near Me
Are Commercial Cleaning Services Near Me Expensive
Info About Commercial Cleaning Services Near Me


text:
* Please see FAQs for shipping updates + Christmas shipping dates*
I hope my art brightens your day! Please send me a message if you would like to commission a painting, have a wholesale inquiry or need any help. Thank you, Vickie
► Website for the full range: www.studiokaka.art
► Instagram: @studio_kaka
► Facebook: www.facebook.com/studiokaka/
► Email Vickie for commissions or wholesale inquiries: hellostudiokaka [!at] gmail.com
* Please see FAQs for shipping updates + Christmas shipping dates*
I hope my art brightens your day! Please send me a message if you would like to commission a painting, have a wholesale inquiry or need any help. Thank you, Vickie
► Website for the full range: www.studiokaka.art
► Instagram: @studio_kaka
► Facebook: www.facebook.com/studiokaka/
► Email Vickie for commissions or wholesale inquiries: hellostudiokaka [!at] gmail.com
Featured items
Orchid Card Pack of 6 // Botanical Cards / Floral Greeting Card Set / Watercolour flowers / Orchids / Blank Cards / Pretty Cards
Christmas Koala Art Card / Australian Animal Card / Blank Card / Australian Christmas Card / Watercolour Animal Card / Made in Australia
Autumn Australian Natives Still Life Print // Australian Flowers // Banksia Art Print // Autumn Botanical Art // Floral Still Life
All Items
Orchid Card Pack of 6 // Botanical Cards / Floral Greeting Card Set / Watercolour flowers / Orchids / Blank Cards / Pretty Cards
Autumn Australian Natives Still Life Print // Australian Flowers // Banksia Art Print // Autumn Botanical Art // Floral Still Life
Australian Native Botanical Print // King Protea // White Flowers // Pretty Floral Wall Art // Flannel Flowers // White // Grey // Neutral
Romantic Floral Wall Print // Wedding Bouquet // Winter Flower // Dark Floral Art // Botanical Print // Roses // Orchids // Limited Edition
Poppy Flower Art Print // Spring Florals // Bright Botanical Still Life // Poppies // Orange // Red // Pink // Green // Colourful Wall Art
Banksia and Billy Buttons Print // Australian Art Print // Wildflowers // Australian Native Flower Print // Golden Banksia Floral Print
Waratah Flower Print // Australian Native Wildflower Art // Red Waratah // Pink Botanical Print // Flower Still Life // Gifts for her
Gumnut Print / Australian native floral print / Pink Floral Wall Art / Botanical Art Print / floral Gifts for her / Fine Art Print
Wild Australian Bouquet Still Life // Native Floral Art Print // Wildflower Print // Botanical Art Print // Banksia and Gum Leaves Bouquet
Australian Animals Art Print // Nursery Art Print, Australian Souvenir Print, Native Wildlife Watercolour, Wombat, Kangaroo, Koala
Sydney Opera House Gift / Australian Art Print / Overseas Gift / Sydney Watercolor / Fine Art Print of Sydney Landscape / Sydney Travel Gift
Koala Art Print // Australian Wildlife Print, Koala Bear Print, Nursery Wall Print, Australian Animal Watercolour Print, Mothers Day Gift
Botanical Tea towel // Australian Native Napery // Floral Kitchen Decor // Australian Gifts for overseas friends // Linen cotton tea towel
Banksia Canvas Bag // Floral Tote Bag // Handmade Floral Print Bag // Gift for mother // Australian Made Bag // Australian Native Tote Bag
Wharf Art Print / Jetty Print / Balmain Art / Father's Day Gift / Colourful Gift for Architect / Sydney Landscape / Fine Art Print
Sydney Harbour Bridge Artwork / Australian Gift / Australian Made Small Gift / Fine Art Print / Landscape Artwork / Sydney Icon watercolour
Terrace House Art Print / Sydney Architecture Print / Cute House Watercolour / Housewarming gift / Fine Art Print of Watercolour Artwork
Rainbow Lorikeet painting / Australian Bird Watercolour / Australian Wildlife Artwork / Native Bird / Australiana / Original Watercolor Art
Sydney Opera House Art print / The Rocks Sydney Artwork / Watercolour Print of Sydney / Australian travel gift / Australia Landscape Art
Australian Animal Painting / Original Watercolour / Kangaroo / Koala / Wombat / Rainbow Lorikeet / Kookaburra / Australian Wildlife Art
Magpie Painting / Black Bird Art / Australian Bird Watercolour / Original Artwork / Wildlife Illustration / Australian gift / Two Birds Art
Cockatoo Watercolour Painting / White Bird Art / Sulphur Crested Cockatoo / Bird Illustration / Australian Wildlife / Original Watercolor
Sydney Skyline Art Print / Sydney Harbour Bridge Artwork / Australian Gift / Fine Art Print / Landscape Artwork / Sydney watercolor
Australian Floral Tea Towel // Australian Native Kitchen gifts // Gift for her // Made in Australia / Gift for Grandmother
Banksia Canvas Bag // Green Canvas Bag // Made in Australia Bag // Australian Handmade Gift // Gift for girlfriend // Lightweight Bag
Floral Canvas Bag // Botanical Tote // Succulent Print Tote // Pink Floral Bag // Handmade Canvas Bag // Gift for mother // Australian Made
Christmas Koala Art Card / Australian Animal Card / Blank Card / Australian Christmas Card / Watercolour Animal Card / Made in Australia
Floral Canvas Bag // Botanical Tote Bag // Handmade Canvas Bag // Gift for mother // Australian Made Bag // Dark Floral Print Bag
Banksia Canvas Bag // Floral Tote Bag // Handmade Floral Print Bag // Gift for mother // Australian Made Bag // Australian Native Tote Bag
Sydney Card Set of 6 Landscapes / Australian Souvenir / Australian Greeting Cards / Australia Travel Gift / Sydney Watercolour Cards
Cockatoo Bird Art Print // Australian Wildlife Watercolour Print, Bird Illustration, Nursery Animal Print, White Bird Art, Mothers Day Gift
Magpie Bird Art Print // Australian Wildlife Print, Watercolour Illustration, Magpie painting, Bird Wall Print, Black Bird, Mothers Day Gift
Australian Native Botanical Print / Green Banksia Artwork / Floral Art / Australian Gifts / Australian Wildflower print / Australiana
Kookaburra Bird Print // Australian Bird Print, Australian Wildlife Art, Nursery Animal Print, Native Watercolour Print, Mothers Day Gift
Sydney Harbour Bridge Fine Art Prints // Australia Painting // Landscape Artwork // Travel Gift Idea // Watercolour Painting // Boat Artwork
Therese on Dec 7, 20215 out of 5 stars
Beautiful print printed on high quality paper, great colours. I love it.
Jessica on Nov 9, 20215 out of 5 stars
Absolutely love it! Thanks for the super cute card.
Keely on Aug 13, 20215 out of 5 stars
Gorgeous card that is quaint in size but bursting with character!
Allan on Jun 5, 20215 out of 5 stars
Really beautiful piece of artwork. Nothing is better than ramen paired with beer. Purchased as a gift for my friend but will definitely be back to purchase one for myself :)
A on May 14, 20215 out of 5 stars
Beautiful, fast shipping with a lovely note and little gift. Highly recommend. Thank you!!
C on May 8, 20215 out of 5 stars
Needless to say, Vickie's art is incredible. I hope to be able to come to one of her galleries one day. The print was packaged well, everything was protected. The item came with a certificate of authenticity which we kept inside the frame we got for the print. It's currently displayed in the middle of the living room. My dad loved his gift so much. Sydney and the opera house means a lot to him. He says to me he looks at it every day and smiles. I'll most definitely be buying from her shop again!
mekahh on Mar 17, 20215 out of 5 stars
Truely blown away by the quality of this card! Delivered very quickly and was packaged nicely.
Sam on Mar 3, 20215 out of 5 stars
Bought as a Birthday card, loved itThis listing is no longer available
Natalia on Dec 5, 20205 out of 5 stars
I bought this print to my partner because he loves snow monkeys. Vickie was kind enough to wrap it as a gift, he received it earlier than expected and she even sent a handwritten note with my message for him, as we live in different countries and can't meet in these pandemic times. Thanks for your artwork and your kindness, Vickie <3
Laura on Dec 5, 20205 out of 5 stars
The most beautiful and adorable card I've ever bought! I'm very excited to give this to someone for their birthday!
About StudioKaKa
Capturing the beauty of Australian flowers and nature through paint
Hi I'm Vickie, a Sydney-based artist inspired by the beauty of Australian florals, wildlife and landscapes. I love the feeling of being outdoors and being surrounded by nature. I'm intrigued by the role that natural light plays in transforming objects, colours and spaces - and I try to capture what I feel through painting. I'm particularly drawn to the vivid colours, quirky shapes and subtle details of botanicals.
I started my professional life working in design and architecture before pursuing my passion for painting. "Studio KaKa" was started in 2017 and the name of the shop was inspired by my childhood Chinese nickname "KaKa" and fond memories of creating daily.
My original artworks are created using artist-quality materials: Atelier Interactive Artist acrylics on canvas, Windsor and Newtown Gouache on paper or Schminke Watercolours on Fabriano watercolour paper.
My fine art prints are high quality reproductions using pigment inks and museum grade archival paper to ensure each print lasts a lifetime. My greeting cards and textiles are locally printed in Australia.
Commission inquiries are most welcome.
You can follow my creative process on instagram @studio_kaka
Thank you for stopping by!
Production partners
Local Print Shop
Sydney, NSW
Product is printed and bound by the local print shop
Local Textile Printer
My paintings and designs are sent off to this local textile printer to create custom linen tea towels.
Shop policies
Customs and import taxes
Payment options
Returns & exchanges
Privacy policy
More information
Frequently asked questions
Shipping Update (1/11/22)
There are currently delivery delays due to COVID-19 - Australian orders are sent with Australia post and may take an additional 2-3 business days or more. Express Post Australian orders are still the fastest delivery service but may not arrive next business day (could take 2-5 business days). International orders are sent with tracking and delivery may take up to 2-5 weeks. The time frames provided are an estimate only and will depend on each country's lock down status and customs. Feel free to send me a message if you'd like to double-check your country's delivery time frame.
Australian Shipping
► Prints are carefully packaged with a stiff backing board in an acid-free clear sleeve and shipped flat in a rigid mailer. Extra Large prints (A2, A1, 20x20", 30x30" sizes) are rolled and shipped in a sturdy mailing tube.
► Processing time (Extra Large prints): please allow an additional 5-7 business days as these are made to order at a local fine art printing company.
► Processing time (all other items): items will be packed and ready to be shipped in 2-3 business days.
► Cards and small prints (8x10", A4 sizes) will be shipped as a letter with no tracking. Tea Towels, Totes and Larger prints (12x12", 11x14", A3+ sizes) will be shipped as parcel post with tracking.
► All items are shipped via Australia Post.
International Shipping (outside Australia)
► Cards are shipped as Airmail with no tracking. Please get in touch for a quote if you require tracking.
► All other items are shipped with tracking via Australia Post International Standard Parcel.
► Customers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply.
Shipping Timeframes
► Within Australia: Once shipped, most items are delivered within 2-7 business days depending on your location. Please select Express Post for faster delivery (next day delivery is not guaranteed with covid delays and can take 2-5 business days).
► International Shipping (outside Australia): Once shipped, most items are delivered within 2-3 weeks depending on your location. Due to covid delays, items can take up to 5 weeks depending on your location.
► All delivery times are estimates provided by Australia Post.
Returns, Damaged or Missing Items
► Returns: Unfortunately we do not accept returns unless the item arrives damaged.
► Damaged Order: If your item arrives damaged during transit please email Vickie a photo of the damaged package at email@example.com within 5 days of delivery.
► Commissions & Personalised Orders: Due to the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged, we cannot accept returns.
► Missing Item: Please contact me if your item has not turned up within the estimated time frame. It is rare for an item to go missing and they generally do turn up but please contact me and I'll do what I can!
*** 2022 Christmas Shipping ***
Shipping times leading up to Christmas can take a bit longer. Please place your orders as soon as possible to ensure you get your package in time.
Australian Orders (except WA + NT), last orders by:
► Regular Post - 11 Dec midnight AEST (by 1 Dec for large prints*)
► Express Post - 15 Dec midnight AEST (by 8 Dec for large prints*)
Australian Orders (WA + NT), last orders by:
► Regular Post - 5 Dec midnight AEST (by 28 Nov for large prints*)
► Express Post - 12 Dec midnight AEST (by 4 Dec for large prints*)
International Orders, last orders by:
► Card only orders (no tracking) - 15 Nov midnight AEST
► All other items (includes tracking) - 22 Nov midnight AEST (by 15 Dec for large prints*)
* Large prints: A2, A1, 20x20", 30x30" sizes


text:
Mila Kunis Conceals a Dark Secret in Luckiest Girl Alive Trailer
Kunis stars as a set for life New Yorker whose concealed previous intimidates to agitate her amazing lifespan.
Mila Kunis are going to present a flourishing New Yorker along with a black past times in Luckiest Girl Alive. Ani's apparently ideal lifestyle is actually quickly moved in the direction of turmoil when a true-crime producer inquires her to discuss her account concerning a fierce strike that took place in the course of her adolescent years.
Luckiest Girl Alive is actually based upon the New York Times bestseller of the exact same title composed through Jessica Knoll. Ridge has actually additionally composed the movie's movie script and also will certainly function as an exec developer. In 2016, adhering to the book's launch, Knoll openly discussed that she, like guide's protagonist, was actually violated as an adolescent and also recaped the variety of feelings that took place.


text:
margaree harbour
SearchResults found: 2
Margaree on the Cabot Trail, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia for salmon, beaches, music « margaree-harbour
(Clicks: 277;website added: Oct 2, 2013, margaree-harbour)
Official website for the Margaree area on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, offering things to do, attractions, fishing information, accommodation, dining information, photographs, music, museums, galleries
margaree valley margaree southwest margaree east margaree east margaree margaree harbour lake oílaw margaree forks lake ainslie scots
An Ocean Haven « margaree-harbour
(Clicks: 126;website added: Oct 2, 2013, margaree-harbour)
A seaside treasure, Ocean Haven - peace and quiet, time to relax, where the sun sets on the ocean. The beach is an easy five minute walk. For the hiker, access to several casual trails - one of the few locations facing the ocean.
nova scotia cape breton cabot trail margaree harbour margaree harbour margaree river bed and breakfast cottage ocean


text:
The motivation for studying acoustic propagation in high enthalpy environments lies partially in the role that acoustics play in promoting laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition. At high speeds, boundary-layer transition on slender-body vehicles is primarily due to Mack's second-mode instability. If the growth of disturbances is sufficiently reduced, then laminar- turbulent boundary-layer transition could be delayed or prevented. In many cases, maintaining laminar flow over a high-speed vehicle is beneficial because a laminar boundary layer exerts significantly less heating and shear forces on the vehicle than a turbulent boundary layer. Accurately capturing the physics of transition would allow for a more precise prediction of the transition location. Less uncertainty in the transition location would then allow for optimization of thermal protection systems and design of high-speed vehicles. Thus, it is important to understand the interaction of an acoustic wave with a high-enthalpy flow environment.
|Original language
|English (US)
|Pages (from-to)
|Number of pages
|AIAA journal
|Issue number
|Published - Nov 1 2014
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grants FA9550-10-1-0563 and FA9550-10-1-0352 and by the Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the AFOSR, Sandia, or the U.S. Government.
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.


text:
War dogs: the turmoil in Ukraine is displacing both pets and people.
Jakub Kotowicz is so passionate about animals that he has decided to devote his life to helping them.
But the Polish veterinarian never expected to be flooded by animals rescued from a nearby battle.
Kotowicz works for the ADA foundation, a no-kill animal sanctuary in Przemysl, Poland, which is only 30 minutes from the Ukrainian border.
He and the other veterinarians and employees haven't gotten much sleep since the bombs started dropping in Ukraine since the urgency to find sanctuary for displaced animals hasn't subsided.
Staff members of the ADA foundation are risking their lives by travelling into Ukraine to assist with the emptying of shelters, as well as providing space and veterinary services for the animals that refugees are unable to retain with them or transport across the border. As the conflict rages around them, the shelter animals are in risk of being abandoned and starving to death.
Dr. Kotowicz hoists a huge German shepherd onto the table on a recent day. Her life was saved when she was kidnapped in Ukraine. Her collar tag says 'number 2,' but the staff has given her the moniker Moon.
She's in poor shape, Kotowicz adds as he attempts to take blood from her.
Moon is dehydrated, so finding a vein is difficult.
She, on the other hand, is dealing with considerably more serious issues. She is an older dog with a tumor on one of her mammary glands.
Dr. Kotowicz is able to take blood from her parched body with the help of another veterinarian. Then he moves on to her ears, removing a considerable amount of wax and mite-infested dirt.
Moon is silent and docile throughout. Moon, on the other hand, whimpers a little when the vet takes her temperature. She calms and nuzzles her caregivers after he removes the thermometer.
As he rubs Moon's head, Dr. Kotowicz explains, "We have to remove this tumor, therefore she'll need surgery." "It breaks my heart to watch them in such pain."
Down the hall, there are a slew of dogs and cats, the most of them were brought in from a massive truck that had just returned from Ukraine's war-torn regions.
ADA Foundation cares for any wounded or abandoned animal, not just cats and dogs, at normal hours. The shelter not only provides medical care for the animals, but also assists in their socialization in order for the pets in their care to be adopted and the wild animals to be released.
More animal war stories can be discovered in another room within the foundation. On a beautiful warm bed built for him, a small girl is holding a baby goat named Sasha. Sasha had a major limb condition that the ADA veterinarians were able to resolve. Gauze tape is used to bind Sasha's small front legs. He is, however, rowdy.
He was brought with her by a lady from Ukraine. Dr. Radosaw Fedaczysky stated, She wanted to save him. If he had been left in Ukraine without milk, he would have died."
Dr. Fedaczysk claimed that the lady dropped him off because she had escaped the Ukraine war. Before she departed, she cradled Sasha and said that she didn't have a place to take him since she needed to find a place to stay for herself first. She did, however, leave with one instruction. She'll return for Sasha.
This lady said, 'I adore this animal, and it is a member of the family. When the conflict is over, we want him back, says the group. Fedaczysky, Dr.
Officials with the ADA Foundation say they don't need food since they have plenty, but they do need almost everything else to help the hordes of animals they're rescuing. This includes medical supplies, medications, and monies to cover transportation costs.
The Network for Animals, a charity with headquarters in London and Oldsmar, Florida, is one of the organizations attempting to assist the ADA foundation and other shelters in raising finances, but the quantity of animals and their needs are enormous. The veterinarians are on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and get very little sleep.
They are adamant that the animals who have been displaced by war be cared for.
Details Here


text:
The Dutch masters of horror CARACH ANGREN are back with their 6(66)th full length 'Franckensteina Strataemontanus'! The new monster will be released on May 29, 2020 via Season of Mist. A first glimpse of music can be found in a teaser here!
CARACH ANGREN comment: "We are very proud to announce the release of our upcoming sixth album, 'Franckensteina Strataemontanus'. On this album we resurrect the ghost of the infamous Johann Conrad Dippel and tell his story in a whirlwind of both horrible facts and fiction. Musically, there will be everything you have come to expect from us, taken to a whole new cinematic level. Get a taste of what is coming in the teaser below and prepare yourselves for the unearthing of our most ambitious album to date!"
CARACH ANGREN are furthermore releasing the cover artwork, which is created by Stefan Heilemann, and track list of 'Franckensteina Strataemontanus'. Both can be be viewed below.
Track list:
1. Here in German Woodland (01:35)
2. Scourged Ghoul Undead (05:38)
3. Franckensteina Strataemontanus (03:03)
4. The Necromancer (04:08)
5. Sewn for Solitude (03:52)
6. Operation Compass (06:00)
7. Monster (03:33)
8. Der Vampir von Nürnberg (06:00)
9. Skull with a Forked Tongue (05:56)
10. Like a Conscious Parasite I Roam (08:16)
11. Frederick's Experiments (02:40)
Total playing time: 50:41
Recording line-up
Seregor: Vocals , guitar
Ardek: Keyboard, orchestra, guitar, bass, backing vocals
Namtar: Drums
Guest musician:
Nikos Mavridis: Solo violin on tracks 5 & 10


text:
The Raf Simmons and Miuccia Prada collaboration was one that none of us saw coming, but one that we can all stand behind. After a rocky first womenswear collection last fall, the duo have finally seemed to find their footing, revealing a beautiful collection mixing staples from both of their brands and alluding to historicalContinue reading "The Magic of Miuccia and Raf"
Tag Archives: jackets
2020's biggest trends
2020 has been a year defined by TikTok, DIY, growth, and, of course, trends. The communal growth that occurred on the world stage was accompanied by personal growth, encompassing the realm of personal style. There is an entirely new look as to what people are wearing now compared to at the start of the year,Continue reading "2020's biggest trends"


text:
Versus Market
Stock Markets Versus The Economy THE SHORT ANSWERS THE LONGER STORY Stock prices are about decades, not just the immediate (awful) future (. By FD Blau1996 Cited by 1096 Inequality: Institutions versus Market Forces. Francine D. Blau. Cornell University and National Bureau of Economic Research. Lawrence M. Kahn. By S Nickell 1997 Cited by 2992 Unemployment and Labor Market Rigidities: Europe versus North America by Stephen Nickell. Published in volume 11, issue 3, pages 55-74 of Journal of. The market's down is it a crash? A correction? Leave the vernacular to others, and instead understand what's causing the market to fall. By SJ Miller 2017 Cited by 21 AbstractTradable harvest rights are gradually replacing prescriptive regulations in the management of commercial fisheries. We provide evidence that this...
The above chart illustrates the use of silkkitie link market orders versus limit orders. In this example, the last trade price was roughly 139. Public education is now transitioning from a system of educating citizens to a market for profit. Venture capitalists and for-profit firms. By J Bats 2017 Cited by 52 In light of these differences, there is a long-standing debate on the real economic merits of bank- based versus market-based financial structures. The results. By MM Naguib 2021 Cited by 7 Live and wet markets have been linked to the emergence of different epidemic/pandemic diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By J Rust Cited by 272 surviving middlemen will undercut the market maker's publicly posted bid and ask prices in the v ( a will never search or trade in the dealer market. 1 day ago and its 21st consecutive year as the market leader in full-size SUVs. In addition, Cadillac Escalade deliveries rose 65 percent versus.
By J Rust Cited by 272 surviving middlemen will undercut the market maker's publicly posted bid and ask prices in the v ( a will never search or trade in the dealer market. Why is market capitalization such an important concept? It allows investors to understand the relative size of one company versus another. Market cap measures. Market Entry Strategies: Pioneers Versus Late Arrivals. What is the best way to move into a new market? If you do not have a first-in advantage. "Assessed" Value Versus "Fair Market" Value Assessed Value. Assessed value is the dollar value placed on a parcel of property by the Assessor's Office. 8 days ago November 2020 versus market spending data by visitors from other markets were unavailable to 76,203 in November 2020, versus 223,746 in November 2019. Public education is now transitioning from a system of educating citizens to a market for profit. Venture capitalists and for-profit firms.
Versus Systems Inc (VS) shares closed versus market lower 2022 darknet market than its previous 52 week low, giving the company a market cap of 21M. The stock is currently up versus market. Gertner, Robert H, David S Scharfstein, and Jeremy C Stein. 1994. Internal versus External Capital Markets. Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (Nov. Farmers are squeezed between concentrated market power in the agricultural input industries seed See 15 versus market. versus market Oil Co. v. Government Failure Versus Market Failure: Microeconomics Policy Research and Government Performance (Paperback) Description About the Author. By G Burchill 1997 Cited by 174 Time Versus Market Orientation in Product. Concept Development: Empirically-Based. Theory Generation. Gary Burchill * Charles H. Fine. By M Hollister 2011 Cited by 214 Employment Stability in the versus market. Labor Market: Rhetoric versus Reality. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 37:305-324 (Volume publication date August 2011.
By SA Olusoga 1993 Cited by 53 Market Concentration versus Market Diversification and Internationalization: Implications for MNE Performance - Author: S. Ade Olusoga. Parliamentarians have now put continued access to the Union's internal market above the political imperative for tighter immigration. Versus market. marketedit. While VHS machines' lower retail price was a major factor, the principal battleground proved to be recording time. The 2021 darknet market original Sony Betamax. By R Reis 2020 Cited by 10 the trading of inflation risk in financial markets, can fit the data, in the nominal bonds versus the indexed-bonds market, may distort the measures of. UX-versus-Market-Research Product Resources Company Support. By A Bocharnikova 2021 Economic WellBeing under Plan versus Market: The Case of Estonia and Finland. Historically, Estonia and Finland shared similar cultural, political.
If you're here, you already know of the deep web markets links, dark web marketplace or best versus market darknet markets links 2021. For payment, the Silk Road and Silk Road 2 only accepted Bitcoin, but Silk Road Reloaded processes transactions in one of the nine established cryptocurrencies, including Anoncoin, Darkcoin, Dogecoin, Feathercoin, and Litecoin, converting them into Bitcoin for a lucrative 1 per versus market cent conversion fee. Key Points To Consider When Browsing Any Of The Darkweb Links. Just who's running TheRealDeal is, as with most Dark Web markets, a mystery. In this case, the product comes later, but the seller gets his money first. Because users of the Deep Web are somehow anonymous to one another, they have great privacy to do whatever they like.
In subsequent years, the complaints from the Feds grew more vigorous, saying child sex rings had been set up and were offering live streaming. Ulbricht's lawyer Joshua Dratel said that he and his client "obviously, and as strongly as possible, condemn" the anonymous postings against the judge. How are they getting this information and what can you versus market do to protect yourself?
Learn more:
- Reddit Darknet Market Noobs
- Reddit Darknet Markets 2021
- Reddit Darknet Markets 2022
- Reliable Darknet Markets


text:
Our Library Resource Navigator, Laura, can be reached at (207) 370-1581, at [email protected], via Facebook messenger or in person at the Millinocket Memorial Library Monday through Friday 9am – 5pm or by appointment. If you are experiencing an emergency or need immediate assistance outside of our hours of operation, please contact emergency services.
Mobilize Katahdin is located at the Millinocket Memorial Library 5 Maine Avenue Millinocket, Maine 04462. For directions to the library click the red symbol on the map below:


text:
2008 tech predictions
Ah, the first issue of the new year. Time to peer deep into our crystal ball and see what the coming year holds for tech. But before we get on with the 2008 predictions, let's look back at our 2007 predictions and see how we did, shall we?
Windows Vista: Coming soon to a desktop near you?
Last year, we predicted that while a few bleeding-edge businesses would deploy Vista, most would hang on to the tried and true XP for the time being. "My bet is that 2008 is the real year that mass-market Vista adoption becomes a reality." I might scale that statement back a bit but other than that, so far, so good.
IT job market will continue to grow in 2007
This one's a bit dicier. While there's no shortage of folks out there who are willing to comment on the matter, it's difficult to assess the vast IT job market as a whole with any level of certainly. As near as we can tell, however, the IT job market was fairly stagnant this year, on account of constrained IT budgets. Guess we'll call this one an "incorrect" guess. Still, those of us who already had jobs likely saw salary increases, so it wasn't all bad news.
Quad-core chips will return disappointing sales results
Here's another one that's kind of tough to call. Sales numbers from the end of the year aren't in yet and while quad-core chips were certainly the talk of the town in 2007, it's hard to say how many were actually sold. While Intel surprised more than a few folks by rolling out its quad-core, 45nm Penryn lineup ahead of schedule, AMD hit a brick wall with its native quad-core Barcelona, essentially pulling the chip from retail due to manufacturing problems. Still, as we predicted, quad-core chips were mostly regulated to high-performance systems like x86 servers and workstations, so I think it's safe to chalk this one up in the "correct" column.Apple will launch iPhone, ultraportable MacBook Pro
As we all know, Apple did launch their much-ballyhooed iPhone this year, though they didn't quite release two models, as I had guessed they might. As for that ultraportable MacBook Pro, well, you'll have to read on if you want to know what I think about that rumor. For now, we'll call this one a draw.802.11n is set to become the new standard
I hate to toot my own horn but we pretty much hit this one on the head. 2007 saw 802.11n finally get off the ground, becoming the new de facto standard for WiFi networking, despite the hemming and hawing of the IEEE. What's more, Intel got behind the standard in a big way and Apple even launched an 802.11n update to its Airport hardware, just like we said.
HD DVD vs. Blu Ray: Everybody loses!
Here's another one where we were right, for the most part. While 2007 was billed as the year of the great HD format war, we now find ourselves entering 2008 without a clear winner in sight. It seems like every week we hear one or the other side claiming victory based on some piece of slightly dubious evidence and while it looks like Blu-ray might currently have the edge, it's still way too early to call it. Are Blu-ray and HD DVD are doomed to be thrown on the transitional format pile along with the 8 track, laserdiscs and the mini disc? It's too early to say for sure but I'd still bet money on it.
So there you have it, 4 corrects, 1 incorrect and 1 draw. Not bad, not bad at all. And what of this coming year in tech? Read on, if you dare…


text:
Make a grand gesture with the "Sending Loving Thoughts" Flower & Fruit Combo from New Jersey Blooms - The perfect gift for any occasion. Filled with bountiful fruits, florals, and a plush toy, this gift is sure to impress anyone who receives it. Pair it with their favourite spirits to make it a gift they will remember for a long time to come.
Flowers - Red antheuriums, baby's breath, and other fillers arranged beautifully in a glass vase. If you wish, you can add any wine, champagne, beer, liquor or gourmet gifts from our list of add-ons to this gift.
Fruits - Wire fruit basket with 1 pineapple, 1 orange, 4 red apples, 1 melon, 2 kiwis, 2 plums and 6 strawberries
Plush Toy - Plush teddy in grey with a heart on it reading " I Love You"
Please Note: This gift basket contains fresh fruits.
If you're looking for the freshest flowers and plants sourced directly from farms, look no further than New Jersey Blooms. We have a wide selection of plant and flower gifts in floral arrangements and bouquets that make for great gifts for any occasion. You can even design your own custom bouquet online in a few clicks! Even our plant varieties make for great gift options as they sit pretty in imported designer planters and pots in unique designs and shapes. So whether it's a dozen long stem red roses you need or a succulent terrarium garden, you have the widest selection of fresh floral and fauna at New Jersey Blooms.


text:
Bigeye is the data reliability engineering platform that helps data teams build trust in data. Data teams use Bigeye to automate their data observability, detect anomalies, accelerate root cause analysis, and build trust in the data. Bigeye deploys in under 15 minutes and enables teams to continuously monitor over 50 data quality attributes, define custom monitoring, and proactively detect and resolve issues, all with a SOC2 compliant and low-impact platform that never copies or exports their data.
San Francisco, CA, USAbigeye.comInaccurate data? Flag it here.
Open jobs at Bigeye


text:
Dining News: Burgers & Brew Owner Plans New Downtown Pizza Restaurant
January 03, 2013
The owner of Burgers & Brew will expand their growing empire by opening a restaurant focused on pizza and pasta at 11th & R streets, reports Stanford Nax in the Sac Biz Journal.
The restaurant, which does not yet have a name, would be only a few blocks from Zawaydeh's Burgers & Brew restaurant near R and 14th streets.
"There is a definite need for something like this in Sacramento," said Zawaydeh, who also operates Burger & Brew restaurants in Davis, Chico and Sacramento International Airport. He also runs Crepeville restaurants at 18th and L streets in Sacramento and in Davis, and just opened a Mexican restaurant, El Toro Bravo, in Davis.
Read the entire story in the Sac Biz Journal.
More News:
Check it Out: Roseville's Susumu Japanese Steak House - If you're looking for an entertaining dining experience for the family this season, check out Roseville's Susumu. A Benihana-style Japanese steak house, if offers similar food theatrics, including steaming onion "volcanos," impressive bursts of fire and – if you're lucky – a chef who flings eggs into his hat. Kira O'Donnell in Sac Mag.
Where City and Wine Country Intersect - Downtown & Vine, the spacious multiwinery tasting room that opened in early December, is one of the latest eat-and-drink destinations to call downtown's slowly evolving K Street home. The tasting room at 1200 K St. (formerly Blade Barber and Spa) is set up to pour three core wines from a dozen wineries in Napa, Sonoma, Amador and El Dorado counties—including Iron Horse Vineyards, Round Pond Estate, Neyers Vineyards, Vino Noceto Winery and Fiddletown Cellars. Sixty-four additional single-vineyard and specialty wines are available for purchase by the bottle. Catherine Warmerdam in Sac Mag.
Continue reading "Dining News: Burgers & Brew Owner Plans New Downtown Pizza Restaurant" »


text:
Shoes.com has a promotion that can save you $40 on a purchase of $99 or more before taxes. To get the discount you need to use Visa Checkout and promo code EMLVISA17. Looks like the code can be used multiple times.
You can also use code EMLVISA2017 for a discount of $50 on purchases of $125 or more.
You can also get another 12% cash back through TopCashBack.
HT: slickdeals


text:
Yves here. There's still a lot of speculation on how Covid-19 originated. Our medical sleuth Ignacio has a look.
By Ignacio Moreno Echanove, an epidemiologist
I recently read an article (1, in Spanish) that made the case that Covid-19 could somehow be a pandemic of our own creation. Not that humans created the agent but human practices facilitated the transfer and spread of the disease. So far, we have just learnt, the epidemics could have been originated in wild animal farms or markets in China though we still don't know the precise location and the intermediary species possibly involved. It is assumed, and a lot of known molecular data so indicates, that this virus has an origin in bats (reviewed in 2) but it's ability to infect humans was probably acquired in an intermediate host –probably a host with similarities in the virus receptor with humans– and then tuned in a hypothetical human subject 0 of the epidemics into the virus now is infecting so many and adapting even more in the process. Just like SARS 1.0 did in civets before jumping to humans in 2002.
One can rightly ask why two relatively rare events like SARS 1.0 (2002), and SARS 2.0 (2019) have come to occur in a relatively short span. We can add avian origin H5N1 Flu in 2003, also originated in South Eastern Asia.
If you don't believe in mere coincidences, I agree with you. Something must be facilitating this. But there are differences. First, H5N1 Flu has avian origin while both SARS come originally from bats. Second, flu is associated with farming while both SARS are associated with wild animal trafficking. As for the first difference, avian and mammal coronavirus diverged about 300 million years ago according to molecular clock studies and none of the known human coronavirus can be associated with known avian coronavirus while many flu strains are thought to be originated in birds. This still leaves the former question unanswered.
The first article linked says that some of the animal and human epidemics we have been seeing lately would have a relation with industrial farming. Indeed, farming has almost certainly been the origin of most infectious human diseases since as long as 7.000 years ago. Moreover, intensive industrial farming practices may be behind several outbursts of novel animal and human diseases as these may result in rapid amplification of diseases (3).
(Quote from ref. 3): There is a near consensus among experts that overuse of antibiotics, crowded and unsanitary livestock conditions, unnatural feed diets, and a lack of diversification are responsible for some serious global health risks.
I am OK with this and it may explain the 5 bacterial and viral diseases listed in the article. But it has been shown that H5N1 flu was originated in a family farm so it is not always a case of centralized industrial production in megafarms (4). Moreover, such megafarms are in many cases better isolated from wild sources than traditional farms and might offer less opportunities for species jumping from the wild as in SARS.
If SARS has a relationship with wild animal farming and markets, what has then this to do with farming?
The original article goes on to say that an increase in wild animal trafficking in China could be related with a sharp drop in meat production in China in 2019. An outbreak of African Swine Fever disease starting in 2018 caused a large production decrease in China during 2019 (5). Pork accounts for more than 60% of total meat production in China (broiler meat excluded). According to the National Statistics Bureau of China (NSBCh) pork meat production fell in China by 21% in 2019 with a total loss of about 11.5 million tons of meat (6). An increase in lamb and beef meat production could compensate only for a small part of this. The NSBCh does not yet provide for meat price changes in 2019 but this is a solid suggestion that wild animal trafficking could have increased partly to compensate for shortages of pork meat. At least in international markets this caused a spike in frozen pig meat (7). This looks like a solid line of research to explore.
Interestingly, I found a link that makes the opposite argument: industrial farming, and not wild animal farms are to blame (8). According to this analysis, a SADS (pig coronavirus) epidemic a few years ago in pork farms in China suggests that industrial farming and not familiar farms, are to blame.
(Quote from 8 Many of the animals on this list are industrially farmed in China, even wild animals like civets and pangolins are intensively farmed for their use in Chinese medicines. Suspicions that wild animal farms may have been behind the Covid-19 outbreak have already led the Chinese government to shut down 20,000 wild animal farms across the country.
But hardly any attention has been given to some other animals on this list, which more clearly meet the "high population density" criteria. Pigs would be one obvious candidate from this list, for several reasons. For one, pigs and humans have very similar immune systems, making it easy for viruses to cross between the two species, as happened with the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia in 1998… [emphasis mine]
I would argue that high density is to blame for amplification of diseases but this doesn't say anything about the origin. As I wrote before megafarms may be better isolated from the wild than the familiar farms they defend in the article. Moreover, given the large number of wild animal farms that Chinese authorities closed, the chances of a fortuitous jump from bats, civets, racoons, pangolins etc. to humans seem greatly higher on these than on megafarms. So far, no coronavirus jump has been demonstrated from pigs to humans whereas civets were demonstrated for SARS 1.0. My opinion is that it would be a big mistake to overlook their potential role in this and possible future outbreaks.
Besides, the fact that Chinese authorities closed these farms is very telling. It is important that many mammal species are screened to find a CoV which is closest to SARS CoV 2 to prevent new outbreaks. A recent article said, on the basis of ACE2 receptor similarities, that reptiles might be discarded for search but Bovidae (cows…) or Cricetidae (rodent subgroup) should be included in the search (9), but similarities in ACE 2 do not prove much about the origin of SARS CoV 2.
I find it annoying that after a couple of months no an exhaustive work has been published on this topic. After some noises on snakes and pangolins and now Bovidae or Cricetidae we are still in the dark. Are Chinese authorities retaining information that could somehow discredit them? According to (10):
Just weeks before the outbreak, China's State Forestry and Grassland Administration (SFGA) was still actively encouraging citizens to get into farming wildlife such as civet cats – a species pinpointed as a carrier of Sars, a disease similar to Covid-19. The SFGA regulates both farming and trade in terrestrial wildlife, and quotas of wildlife products – such as pangolin scales – allowed to be used by the Chinese medicine industry.
I think The Guardian may have got it right.
- Causalidad de la pandemia, cualidad de la catástrofe. https://www.msn.com/es-es/news/tecnologia/causalidad-de-la-pandemia-cualidad-de-la-cat-c3-a1strofe/ar-BB11SABK
- Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226286
- A Review on "Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching" by D.J. Sencer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3375804/
- 5 modern diseases grown by factory farming. https://theweek.com/articles/457135/5-modern-diseases-grown-by-factory-farming
- China's 2019 pork output plunges to 16-year low as disease culls herd. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-output-pork-idUSKBN1ZG08H
- National Bureau of Statistics, China. Annual data. http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=C01
- FAO: Food Outlook BIANNUAL REPORT ON GLOBAL FOOD MARKETS. http://www.fao.org/3/CA6911EN/CA6911EN.pdf
- New research suggests industrial livestock, not wet markets, might be origin of Covid-19. https://www.grain.org/en/article/6437-new-research-suggests-industrial-livestock-not-wet-markets-might-be-origin-of-covid-19
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein favors ACE2 from Bovidae and Cricetidae. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.25817
- Coronavirus closures reveals vast scale of China's secretive wildlife farm industry.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/25/coronavirus-closures-reveal-vast-scale-of-chinas-secretive-wildlife-farm-industry
It is important that many mammal species are screened to find a CoV which is closest to SARS CoV 2
As I understand it, there are probably two CoVs involved, which have merged in some host (a pangolin? a human?) to form a new virus. It looks like one is a bat CoV, providing the backbone of the virus, while the other may be from pangolins, providing the spike protein. As for Chinese authorities suppressing embarrassing information, while it is indeed possible, it seems just as likely that there are too many bats and pangolins (and cows and rodents) to check everything.
"Although RaTG13, sampled from a Rhinolophus affinis bat1, is ~96% identical overall to SARS-CoV-2, its spike diverges in the RBD, which suggests that it may not bind efficiently to human ACE27 (Fig. 1a).
Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) illegally imported into Guangdong province contain coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV-221. Although the RaTG13 bat virus remains the closest to SARS-CoV-2 across the genome1, some pangolin coronaviruses exhibit strong similarity to SARS-CoV-2 in the RBD, including all six key RBD residues21 (Fig. 1). This clearly shows that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein optimized for binding to human-like ACE2 is the result of natural selection.
Neither the bat betacoronaviruses nor the pangolin betacoronaviruses sampled thus far have polybasic cleavage sites. Although no animal coronavirus has been identified that is sufficiently similar to have served as the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV-2, the diversity of coronaviruses in bats and other species is massively undersampled."
The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2
And if a bat CoV did merge with a pangolin CoV in a pangolin, creating a new virus which went on to infect humans, we'll probably never find the original pangolin (long since dead?) or 'the original SARS-CoV-2', except by inference and deduction.
Amfortas the hippie
i remember reading an article a long time ago, in sciam, natgeo, or some such(it was an actual physical magazine, which limits which publication), that the seasonal flu came about because of certain peasant ways of life in rural china encouraged mixing of pathogens between humans, pigs and various barnyard fowl(ducks).
I remember thinking…having grown up on a farm…"now how could what they're doing differ from what we're doing?"
we lived cheek by jowl with many of the same animals….except the pig.
the only other difference i could think of was hygiene… adequate sewerage, the availability of soap?
I still have no idea of the actual conditions of the chinese peasantry.
Long cultural practice regarding things like Nightsoil means that they do some things very differently from us.
so it might not be all Big Ag's fault….
(Big Ag's downsides are numerous, though…and can only make things worse)
as for wild animal markets…we have those: "Wild Game"…or "Exotics"…mostly ungulates. Eland, Axis and Fallow Deer, Neelgi, Zebra, Elk…but sometimes large birds(Emu, Ostrich)
I've been to an auction or two. Filthy as any other kind of auction I've experienced…but no butchering allowed,lol.
could it be as simple as that?
I know we sure take care in any butchering we do. Wild Critters are contained in that carefulness.
*(and these animals have generally never been confined close up together before…unlike more conventional livestock, due to common husbandry practices:grass fed, pastured, no feedlot)
….and…none of this rumination should be taken as an indictment, however mild, of chinese peasants(or any peasants). I imagine that they and i would have a lot to talk about, and a whole lot in common.
The recombination theory between a bat and a pangolin CoV as SARS CoV 2 origin is just that, a very difficult to prove theory (and quite unlikely IMO). Another possibility to explain pangolin CoV striking similarity of the spike protein with SARS CoV 2 could be evolutionary convergence. Or it might be the case that recombination events were the source for pangolin CoVs in a distant past. Molecular evolution analysis shows clearly that Pangolin CoVs and SARS CoV 2 are very distantly related compared with known bat strains and this supports the case that this species was not probably the intermediate host. Searching for similar viruses in some other mammal hosts is necessary and we might find the polybasic cleavage site on some yet unknown host. I think this is the leading conclusion of the study you cited. But so far nobody seems to have gone beyond.
Ignacio if you are still following this thread here is an interesting link from SCMP. It reports on a paper that argues that Covid-19 made the jump from bat to human directly years if not decade(s) ago and went undetected until it had a mutation that made it easier to spread and more deadly.
Coronavirus: pathogen could have been spreading in humans for years, study says
The coronavirus that causes Covid-19 might have been quietly spreading among humans for years or even decades before the sudden outbreak that sparked a global health crisis, according to an investigation by some of the world's top virus hunters.
Researchers from the United States, Britain and Australia looked at piles of data released by scientists around the world for clues about the virus' evolutionary past, and found it might have made the jump from animal to humans long before the first detection in the central China city of Wuhan.
Though there could be other possibilities, the scientists said the coronavirus carried a unique mutation that was not found in suspected animal hosts, but was likely to occur during repeated, small-cluster infections in humans.
Dr Francis Collins, director of the US National Institute of Health, who was not involved in the research, said the study suggested a possible scenario in which the coronavirus crossed from animals into humans before it became capable of causing disease in people.
"Then, as a result of gradual evolutionary changes over years or perhaps decades, the virus eventually gained the ability to spread from human to human and cause serious, often life-threatening disease," he said in an article published on the institute's website on Thursday.
Thank you TrolyA. The possibility of jumping directly from bats to humans cannot be precluded by yet this has not been demonstrated with any of the known human coronavirus. The problem with this paper is that it makes a hypothesis based on very few data available about SARS CoV 2 related sequences. Researchers that have worked extensively with CoVs say that much more data is needed and what we know is not enough to infer the natural history of SARS CoV 2.
As I understand it, there are probably two CoVs involved, and it looks like one is a bat CoV, providing the backbone of the virus, while the other may be pangolins, providing the spike protein.
I was trying to understand this as well. Is it a prerequisite for an intermediate host to have had a different coronavirus independently? Apologies if this has been linked here before, but I saw someone link to this 2007 paper, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection, which seems to support that idea according to my B+ in high-school biology-credentialed reading:
Coronaviruses are well known to undergo genetic recombination (375), which may lead to new genotypes and outbreaks. The presence of a large reservoir of SARS-CoV-like viruses in horseshoe bats, together with the culture of eating exotic mammals in southern China, is a time bomb. The possibility of the reemergence of SARS and other novel viruses from animals or laboratories and therefore the need for preparedness should not be ignored.
Epidemiologist Mike Osterholm at the Univ. of Minnesota has been saying that the virus moved from Pangolin to human in November.
I don't know where he got his information, but he's one of the world's experts in researching potential pandemics. I have also personally worked with him (15 years ago)- he doesn't sugar coat anything.
chuck roast
As I understand it, there was a huge pig pandemic (if that's the right word) in China recently. The demand for protein didn't disappear with the swine die-off. It was simply re-directed. Wildland farming would meet the Occam's razor test.
I fail to understand this bit: "Pork accounts for more than 60% of total meat production in China (broiler meat excluded)." If demand for meat protein were redirected, that's the first place I'd expect it to go. Maybe I'm missing something.
Because Chinese meat production statistics only show data on beef, pork and lamb meat production in 2019 (plus eggs) but I couldn't find data for 2019 on broiler meat. Neither on wild animal meat. Anyway given the huge loss in pork meat production and the spike in imports of frozen pork meat I doubt broiler meat could compensate and if egg production could be used as a proxy it didn't. The FAO report was quite informative.
This could be the case. A bat CoV jumped into a yet unknown mammal species, may be several years ago, and it acquired in this species new properties that later could help it jump to humans. It was waiting for a chance and it could be the case that more wild animal farm activity helped this chance to occur. Just a possibility.
Identifying the fine details of the mutation &infection chain for 1 virus will be hard to impossible, but taking the 30,000 feet view – from Against the Grain by James C. Scott – out of some 2000 diseases that are contagious in humans, some 1700 have been from farming / domesticating animals – and likely many of the other 300 odd too. Whether bat eating, pangolin eating, dog eating or pig eating is irrelevant – intensively eating animals = getting diseases.
I don't think it would be so hard. There are powerful mol. biol. techniques that allow for rapid screening. Think of metagenome analysis. You don' need to find the exact subject 0, only to find the closest relative available. But I guess closing lots of farms and sacrificing many wild animals helped to erase prints.
Thanks Ignacio. I'll be pointing all my Chinese friends to this article, since so many of them have failed for the Chinese governments determination to insist it came from America, specifically a cyclist during the Wuhan Games. I only hope that the many good Chinese scientists working on this don't find themselves under unbearable pressure to get with what is becoming an official narrative.
I think it is quite significant that these diseases are consistently arising in that region of upland China between northern Vietnam and Yunnan and not, for example, similar areas in India, where of course there is significantly less animal husbandry and farming of wildlife.
The combination of a hot climate with population pressure on species rich wildlife areas, along with the raising of a wide variety of animals, both domestic and wild, in close proximity to humans and each other is a timebomb for diseases. The Chinese (and Vietnamese) governments have known this for a long time, but have chosen to do nothing for internal political reasons (the popularity of rare meats with senior officials being a significant one I believe).
I've traveled in a number of those border highlands, China-Vietnam-Laos-Burma, and let me assure you, you don't drink anything but Coke or beer, be danged careful what you eat (pro tip: congee or rice porridge is pretty hard to contaminate), wear long sleeves and Deet and keep taking your damn malarials, in spite of the nasty side effects. I am a pretty sturdy bloke (leeches love my blood though), but pretty much every foreigner I was traveling with got sick as a dog somehow. Far worse than India.
A comparable disease factory seems to exist in the northern Great Lakes region of central Africa, Uganda-Congo. I was supposed to travel there for work, but didn't end up going. But they had me written up to take all kinds of meds. In addition to Ebola and the usual mosquito borne fevers, you've got both major kinds of tsetse fly, overlapping in that place.
I believe there's a similar pestilence belt around Bolivia in Latin America but I don't know much.
These districts all seem to possess a certain combination of high humidity, tropical vegetation and elevation (hot days, cold nights).
Angie Neer
I always appreciate your comments, but I'm not sure of your intended meaning in the second sentence. Are you saying that your Chinese friends have not adopted the Chinese govt's narrative?
The Rev Kev
In all likelihood, the first great flu pandemic in 1918 had its origin in Kansas, specifically Haskell County. It was only because a World War was going on that made young guys leave that County to go to US Army training camps carrying the flu with them – and the rest is history. If there had been no World War going on, that lethal flu would likely have burn itself out in that unlucky County. My point is this. So maybe, just maybe, you have outbreaks of these viruses going on all around the world in Asia, Africa, South America, etc. from time to time but unless it gets loose, you never really hear about them.
Local measures may help limit such outbreaks. I heard a story how in some places in Africa, if you come down with something like this, you are isolated in your hut and food & drink are left in front of your hut daily. Either you eventually recover and walk out or else you die and they burn down your hut. If true that story, it may help explain how diseases are restricted in some areas.
The very important work of Rob Wallace places this conversation in a political economic frame.
I followed links to this piece of an article. By the end he makes connections between industrial farming + wild animal farming and deforestation that are very interesting. I wish I had read this before.
So while the distinction between factory farms and wet markets isn't unimportant, we may miss their similarities (and dialectical relationships).
The distinctions bleed together by a number of other mechanisms. Many a smallholder worldwide, including in China, is in actuality a contractor, growing out day-old poultry, for instance, for industrial processing. So on a contractor's smallholding along the forest edge, a food animal may catch a pathogen before being shipped back to a processing plant on the outer ring of a major city.
Spreading factory farms meanwhile may force increasingly corporatized wild foods companies to trawl deeper into the forest, increasing the likelihood of picking up a new pathogen, while reducing the kind of environmental complexity with which the forest disrupts transmission chains.
Susan the other
"…while reducing the kind of environmental complexity with which the forest disrupts transmission chains." Our main problem, the problem causing these problems, is human over-population. Just reading this post I'm wondering if we humans aren't creating our own transmission chain. And we could fix that with wildlife-human firewalls. Wildlife preserves as well as human reservations. The Bronx zoo just discovered their tigers had Covid-19, most likely acquired from one of their handlers. So what are the chances that those tigers will culture their own new strain with a deadly tiger tag and give it right back to us?
Thanks for the intriguing thoughts. Some days ago NC linked an article by Yasha Levine, a very general review of possible origins and I think another in the New Republic. Plagues are not new in human history and I do recall reading a book by Laurie Garret (heard a recent interview with her and she was hopping mad) from the mid 1990s regarding the threat of a coming plague so there's been plenty of warning.
One can look to a number of factors, Industrial farming, the release of poorly regulated and understood gen mod products, wild animal markets that contain multiple incubator enhancement factors, habitat disruption as human populations push into the last wild habitats to promulgate badly thought out development projects, endless wars (AIDS and bushmeat) and of course global warming, releasing possible perma frost locked pathogens etc. One can assume there are also scattered bio warfare labs secretly at work.
Tracing the single cause of covid-19 will be interesting and helpful but it is fairly clear basic ongoing human operations have grown to a planetary disrupting scale and covid19 is what one aspect of planetary environmental collapse looks like. Unfortunately the 'there is no alternative' model for the production end of civilization still holds sway.
For all of humanities achievements one can look quizzically at the mounting failures to react and adjust to negative data feedback (well covered in yesterdays post). I noticed another recent SpaceX launch collapse failure and puzzle the perverse delusion involved in that whole extremely misguided space tourism and colonization fiasco by the alleged best and the brightest. It conjured a picture the earth might impart to an impartial non terrestial observer, surrounded by a belt of orbiting space junk and layers of pollution, vast emerging islands of plastic in dying, warming oceans, pandemics and pockets of murderous high tech warfare usually visited upon the poorest of the poor by the richest of the rich.
Maybe science then stuff-ups caused this one. I have seen quite a reasonable argument that ties Covid-19 back to research being done at a Wuhan institute which studies SARS like viruses, just down the road from the wet markets.
A specific researcher who studies these viruses brought a specimen back of a virus that was infecting locals in the Chinese boonies. Back at the laboratory staff accidently spilled the virus solution on themselves and had to self-isolate. The researcher hasn't been seen since apparently and her bio on their website has vanished.
Info gleaned from the Institute website asking for staff to join them to study novel virus in December, plus other stuff.
Also, some of the earliest cases of Covid-19 had never visited the wet markets, and that research has been around for a couple of months.
So that might explain why the Chinese have gone dark on the subject. No government ever wants to admit to a stuffup with such dire consequences.
Yeah, stupid scientists! I told you, I told you so! If you do research you are going to spread a disease! Thinking that farming and marketing hundreds of thousands of wild animals can have any relation with this doesn't make any sense. It must be one of those few stupid scientists in Wuhan or elsewhere.They are so stupid!
Te quiero Nacho. Sos un capo.
Haha, I'm probably not anti-science given my honours degree in chemistry. But making anything sacrosanct, including science, religion, economics, tiddlywinks, leads to hubris and mistakes and bad decisions Everybody should be held to account.
Apparently accidents in high level biological research facilities all over the world is not unknown.
Some years ago, it was reported in the local press that our national science organisation, in my city, had been doing research on tinkering with common gut bugs and one morning came in to find every experimental animal was stone cold motherless dead. Not an experimental outcome they were expecting. Put the wind right up them.
So they burned the lot and decontaminated the building.
And then nothing more was said. Maybe a bit like Wuhan at this point.
"Haha, I'm probably not anti-science given my honours degree in chemistry."
Maybe that would be accentuated with a PhD in the Philosophy of Science, because nothing you just offered has any similarity to it.
At a loss to see "Haha" or special pleas to "probably not" rhetorical passe bolted onto an un-quantified [BA] in chemistry.
Don't know if I'm having a David Friedman flash back or not …
Do you have any evidence for any of the claims you are making?
I have an online report from someone who posted and then translated the Chinese from the Wuhan institute, and is fluent in Chinese. But I don't read or speak Chinese so I'm taking this on trust I admit.
But this wouldn't be the first research institute anywhere in the world to screw something up, or not realise the danger they were in from what they were doing.
Without prior research into SARS and similar viruses, we'd have been starting from scratch on this one.
There's a dilemma. On the one hand, you're right. In fact it's too bad they didn't pursue the vaccine for SARS 1 that supposedly was developed.
On the other hand, there's no such thing as perfect containment. Stuff breaks, people screw up, viruses are incredibly tiny. I'm reminded of a PBS science show, some years ago now, about a scientist who was (IIRC) trying to transfer the virulence of the 1918 flu into a modern bird flu.
My personal reaction was a bit volcanic; I think such research is incredibly irresponsible, even if there's something to be learned. But the tone of the reporting was not at all judgemental – and apparently no harm was done.
Going back to Harvey's scenario: there's a case to be made that the "researcher," if they existed (no documentation), made little difference, that in China, if it's out there, it will soon be in here. But the presence of a major viral research lab so close to the origin of the outbreak is an uncomfortable coincidence. Reminds me of the Skripals case, next door to Britain's main chemical warfare lab. Or the anthrax case here. No reason to think it was deliberate, in Wuhan, but accidents are one of the main reasons for opposing nuclear power.
Because, it never happened. "Gone dark", as opposed to never was anything to see.
I think we have to be careful here to distinguish between two different 'theories':
1. That the Covid outbreak is associated with some sort of lab based genetic tampering and research (in China or the US or elsewhere), which got out of hand.
2. That the outbreak may have been caused or exacerbated by some mishandling of natural viral materials during research in Wuhan university or elsewhere.
There is no specific evidence to support either theory that I am aware of.
As we know from Ignacio and others, theory (1) has been specifically disproved by researchers in the field (as much as is possible at this stage, and falls within the realms of tin hat stuff. It should only be discussed insofar as it is necessary to deal with bad ideas that are circulating.
Theory (2) is possible, insofar as anything associated with the early stages of this virus is possible – and there are certainly credible stories that at least one lab in Wuhan was engaged in collecting and studying Sars related viruses. However, I'd suggest its largely irrelevant – we know that almost certainly the virus jumped from a bat to humans, possibly via other species, probably somewhere in Hubei or western China, and then started human to human transmission in a 'hot spot', probably in a wet market in Wuhan or the surroundings. If some clumsy researcher inadvertently aided this process it will be an important lesson for all biology labs, but I don't think it adds very much to what we know about the dangers of these diseases in general.
I found the claim that Chinese people are eating more wild meat as the pork production is down unconvincing. This is not what I heard from my parents and relatives in China. The pork meats are getting expensive but you can still get them. The wild meat is actually more expensive than pork meat. It's more a culture thing as many people especially in southern China like the exotic tastes.
Unfortunately little information is available on wild animal farms and, of course, no statistics on wild animal meat production in China but I found the quote from The Guardian quite damning. Just before SARS CoV 2 outbreak, Chinese authorities were pushing to extend the industry of wild animal farms. Could be a way to diversify and cover potential losses from hog farms? Nobody says that hogs ceased to exist and indeed hog meat imports increased in 2019 in China and yes, eating exotic animals is a tradition in China but if wild animal farming was expanded it even doesn't matter if it was to cover shortfalls in hogs or not but the chances for zoonotic diseases would have increased.
Susan the other
Just by imagining how much sewage is dumped into the ocean from China's southeast provinces, I think it is reasonable to stop eating sushi.
I lived in China for several years in cities and out in country never saw or heard of anyone eating a bat. Even tried to get someone to make a dish out of one. They all, without exception, everywhere thought I was nuts.
I agree with Bo. I have a Lot of contacts in Wuhan and I never heard of replacing pork with wild meat. I was in Wuhan last year and you could get pork in any restaurant. I saw farmed snake on menus though. Anything exotic is likely to be much more expensive than pork.
My understanding is that the 1918-19 flu is believed to have started or mutated either in Kansas (first wave) or small town in coastal France (second wave). Basically a bird probably pooped into a pig pen on a small farm that had lots of human-pig interaction and then lots of people milling around cooped up in tight quarters allowed for lots of viral things to happen.
I think the primary reason that we have seen a couple of recent ones from China is because China is now part of the rest of the world, which it really wasn't before until about 20-25 years ago. They could very well have had some of these popping up regularly, but Maoist policies would have limited internal travel and certainly little interaction outside China, so it would have run its course in a village or province and then died out. Now it can quickly expand to the entire globe in a matter of weeks.
Same with things like MERS. More international communication means that things like MERs can spread. Ebola has popped up periodically in Africa but for a long time there was little communication between villages or regions, so a village might die but it wouldn't go beyond it. That started to change in the past few decades.
So Bush II was right in setting up to address pandemics because what used to be local matters 30 years ago can now be global disasters.
So after listening to this (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/pandemics-history-prevention/) 10 yr old video from Nutritional Facts on how factory farming increases the risk of deadly viruses I did some research on Corona virus and Chickens. It turns out that a corona virus causes respiratory issues, IBV, in chickens that results in huge financial loses for factory chicken farmers. Now IBV is a type 1 strain and SARs is a type three strain so SARS does not infect chickens and vise versa, but interestingly chickens are vaccinated to prevent IBV and the attenuated virus that was genetically engineered to create a large immune response in chickens without infecting them is ta da "This spike protein, from the IBV strain Beaudette, belongs within coronavirus group 3 and is well-established to be cleaved at the S1–S2 boundary via a furin cleavage site (26)." Now I haven't compared the sequences of the recombinant vaccine and SARs, but I suspect they differ or someone else would have pointed this out and I don't know if the GMO virus is actually being used as a vaccine for chickens, but it is scary, at least to me, that the possibility exists.
It also seems that we are following recent news that are military may be unintentionally selecting for a deadlier version of the virus as they did the 1918 flu as they are not paying attention to history: https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/how-generals-fueled-1918-flu-pandemic-to-win-their-world-war/
Comparison of IBV to SARS
GMO corona virus vaccine:
The IBV vaccine is not a GMO but a mild variant from the wild type virulent strain obtained by serial passage through in vitro cultured cells. Please, read the articles you cite. Second the presence of similar cleavage sites in two distantly related virus doesn't say anything about their origin. This was simply used as a proof that SARS CoV 2 S protein could be similarly cleaved. The fact that researches use previous known work on virus entry (IBV or RSV) to analyse the mechanisms of SARS CoV 2 entry by no means can be used to grant lab conspiracies. This only means there are lot's of things you and me ignore about virus and are being researched.
I thought I was being clear that I was not implicating that this was the source of SARS as I have no idea what is actually being used to vaccinate chickens in China nor if the fact that it has a spike structure that is homologous to SARS makes it equally infective in humans or the impact of the modified replicase that is spliced in. Apparently you do? Yes the articles do not describe what was patented and are for reference to understand the patent. Did you read the patent?
"In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for making the coronavirus according to the first aspect of the invention which comprises the following steps: (i) transfecting a plasmid according to the fourth aspect of the invention into a host cell; (ii) infecting the host cell with a recombining virus comprising the genome of a coronavirus strain with a replicase gene; (iii) allowing homologous recombination to occur between the replicase gene sequences in the plasmid and the corresponding sequences in the recombining virus genome to produce a modified replicase gene; and (iv) selecting for recombining virus comprising the modified replicase gene."
Again. I am not suggesting this ever made it out of the lab or that it necessarily dangerous to humans, though I suspect that has never been tested. I think we ignore the scientific consensus from the Asilomar conference at our peril.
David Laxer
Are there any studies which explain the genetic changes that allow the virus to remain infections for 3+ days?
It is my understanding that previous Corona viruses are viable for 4-8 hours (not 3+ days on stainless steel and/or plastic.)
I follow many folks on YT about China and two of the sharpest are two guys who lived in China for over a decade, did numerous videos of traveling by motorcycle across China (how I discovered them), speak and read fluent Chinese, are married to Chinese women, and eventually left because of CCP unhappiness over some of what they reported on (so-called 'ghost' cities of empty high-rise apartment buildings, new buildings falling apart, etc). They're now living in the US.
One of them just posted a YT video documenting what he's uncovered about the Wuhan Biology Institute not the actual name, I can't recall it fully) and its research programs, guided by some of the recent academic papers published by staff there, and especially by job postings listed last Fall seeking Ph.D level candidates to work on novel coronaviruses. He then goes on to focus on one staff researcher in particular, a woman with a Ph.D from a western university (I think French) who was listed on the Institute's web site until last December, when all mention of her was suddenly eliminated. The American ex-pat believes this woman was "Patient 0" of the Corona 19 epidemic, and speculates that she's probably dead, a casualty of a lab accident or poor practices. (IIRC, the US CDC sent a delegation to the Wuhan lab in 2017, which left after concluding that the facilities were inadequate for handling the pathogens being studied there).
I will be the first to stipulate that this is not this guy's area of expertise but he's pretty sharp, he knows China and Chinese, and as important he stays in touch with a lot of Chinese friends and acquaintances using secure VPNs to exchange info that might otherwise get people in trouble. I suspect he was directed to this woman by someone who knows the backstory, but that's just a surmise. Note that he does not speculate that this was a deliberate release or an engineered virus, as some have. He's just done a lot of research and it's very interesting what he's uncovered. FWIW, he shows many screen captures, some in Chinese, some in English from the Wuhan institute. People with high-res screens might be able to capture the URLs of the pages, or if you're interested I suggest contacting him (don't know if he has direct links, but he does have a Patreon account). Anyway here is the URL
The list of people that we can trust with insider insights that know the secrets of the epidemics seems endless.
John k
I know a number of people in HK, one of which sends out stuff blaming US for virus.
IMO the danger is if China convinces Chinese we did it, then there's no justification to forbid wild markets and unprotected butchering, just as they did do following SARS.
Maybe rinse, repeat every decade or so.
Jack Parsons
"civet cats – a species pinpointed as a carrier of Sars"
Civets are a parallel genus to cats. The fruit-eating civet was the vector for SARS- a really odd species that comes from a large family of carnivores, but like the giant panda converted to a specialist vegetarian diet.
I'm citing this nit because it speaks of someone half-remembering things and typing them into the Guardian.
Curtis Fromke
https://isom.ca Orthomolecular Medicine. The Chinese got a shipment of 50 tons of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Maybe they are on to something. Medicine in the U.S. has never embraced the use of vitamin C. It seems as though it would be something to consider. There are a lot of research articles that have been ignored by our medical profession by in large. A lot of the discussions concerning care of patients and the medical staff could be helped significantly if this blind spot were discovered.


text: Georgia Tech researchers Kyu-Tae Lee and Mohammad Taghinejad demonstrate frequency doubling on a slab of titanium dioxide using a red laser to create nonlinear effects with tiny triangles of gold. The blue beam shows the frequency-doubled light and the green beam controls the hot-electron migration. (Credit: Rob Felt, Georgia Tech)


text:
The small island of Alderney, population 2,000, has become the latest part of the globe to pass gay and lesbian marriage. The British Crown Dependency in the northernmost Channel island voted in favor of marriage equality in a vote of nine to one. The bill will officially be sent to Queen Elizabeth II to sign into law.
Gay couples are already signing up to marry. Locals Dits Preece and Alan Jones have been together for 15 years and have waited for this moment to marry in their home.
"All we have wanted is to be able to do what everyone else on Alderney is able to do – get married, and invite all our friends to our wedding," they said, "We plan to get married the same week as the legislation comes into force and then plan for a big wedding. We can't wait."
From the small-village vibe of the capital, Saint Anne, to the endless coast dotted with forts and castles, we can see the island capitalizing on same-sex marriage majorly.