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Simplified Dark Matter Models Confront the Gamma Ray Excess
Inspired by the excess of gamma rays from the Galactic Center, we confront a number of simplified dark matter models with experimental data. Assuming a single dark matter particle coupled to standard matter via a spin-0 mediator, we compare model evidences for Majorana fermion, real scalar and real vector dark matter candidates. We consider dark matter annihilation into various fermionic final states contributing to the observed differential gamma ray flux. Our likelihood function also includes the dark matter relic density, its elastic scattering cross section with nuclei, and collider limits. Using Bayesian inference we confine the mass and couplings strengths of the dark matter and mediator particle. Our results show that, if the gamma ray excess is due to dark matter the above parameters are well constrained by the observations. We find that the Majorana fermion dark matter model is supported the most by the data.
I Introduction
Dark matter (DM) is a mysterious component of the Universe: it constitutes nearly of its energy density Ade:2013zuv but its microscopic properties are largely unknown. To describe these microscopic properties it is plausible to start with minimal and general theoretical assumptions. Effective field theory (EFT) is such an approach to describe the interactions between dark and standard matter EFT . In this framework all degrees of freedom, other than the single dark matter candidate, are typically assumed to be either heavy enough to be integrated out or coupling to the observable sector with negligible strength. In some cases, however, the EFT approach to dark matter is unsatisfactory. At a collider, or when high momentum transfer is possible, the EFT is quickly pushed to its limit of applicability Busoni:2013lha ; Goodman:2011jq ; Buchmueller:2013dya . Avoiding such drawbacks of the EFT, a more flexible theory alternative is extending effective operators by introducing a mediator field between dark and standard matter Berlin:2014tja ; Curtin:2014afa .
While theoretical models of dark matter become more and more sophisticated a substantial experimental effort is dedicated to the detection dark matter particles. One of the most promising avenues to this is indirect detection: the observation of annihilation or decay products of dark matter. Amongst the indirect signals of dark matter, the flux of gamma rays gains particular attentions gammaray . Over the last five years an increasingly significant deviation from a background expectation has been isolated in the measurements of the Fermi-LAT satellite Goodenough:2009gk ; Hooper:2010mq ; Boyarsky:2010dr ; Abazajian:2012pn ; Hooper:2013rwa ; Gordon:2013vta ; Daylan:2014rsa . This deviation is apparent in high energy photons, gamma rays around 2 GeV, originating from an extended region centered on the Galactic Center. At the moment the source of the excess photons is uncertain. They could originate from dark matter annihilation, from a population of millisecond pulsars or supernova remnants Carlson:2014cwa , or from cosmic rays injected in a sequence of burst-like or continuous events at the galactic center Petrovic:2014uda . Based on their the spectra and luminosity function it is, however, challenging to explain the excess with millisecond pulsars Cholis:2014lta ; Cholis:2014noa .
Recently, Daylan et al. re-analyzed data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi) Atwood:2009ez and found excess flux of gamma rays from the direction of the Galactic Center. They concluded that the GeV gamma ray signal is statistically significant and appears to originate from dark matter particles annihilating rather than standard astrophysical sources Daylan:2014rsa . This gamma ray excess drew the attention of a number of particle model builders and phenomenologists Berlin:2014tja ; Carlson:2014cwa ; Petrovic:2014uda ; AMartin ; excesspapers .
The shape of the peak in the energy spectrum is broadly consistent with gamma rays emitted from the self-annihilation of dark matter particles Daylan:2014rsa ; Gomez-Vargas:2013bea ; Abazajian:2014fta ; Ipek:2014gua ; Ko:2014gha ; Cline:2014dwa ; Ko:2014loa . The intensity of the observed signal is consistent with an annihilation cross section that is required for a dark matter particle to freeze out with the observed abundance Kong:2014haa ; Boehm:2014bia ; Ghosh:2014pwa ; AMartin ; Wang:2014elb ; Fields:2014pia . Finally, the diffuse spherical nature and morphology of the excess gamma rays is consistent with a Navarro-Frenk-White-like spatial distribution of dark matter within our Galaxy Calore:2014xka . For these reasons the Fermi-LAT gamma ray excess is considered by some as a smoking gun for the first indirect detection of dark matter particles.
Unfortunately, the conclusion that we discovered dark matter cannot be drawn just yet. We not only have to try to exclude the possibility of a standard astrophysical explanation, but we also need a full concordance between the various pieces of data that point to a dark matter particle with a given mass, spin, and interaction strength to the standard sector. To this end, we have to determine the properties of dark matter that the galactic center gamma ray excess implies and then we have to observe dark matter particles with the same properties by other means, such as direct detection or collider production. The main aim of this paper is the first step: extraction of the microscopic properties of dark matter particles from the gamma ray excess and other existing limits on dark matter.
Previous studies of this gamma ray excess either considered specific dark matter candidates coupling only to a certain standard fermion (mostly ) and/or fixed the dark matter particle mass (typically to GeV). By contrast, we use a model independent approach and allow the dark matter mass and couplings to vary. We consider a single dark matter particle with a mediator that couples to various standard fermions. Our dark matter particle thus annihilates to several final states which all contribute to the differential gamma ray flux. We show that, under the assumption that the gamma ray excess originates from such a dark matter candidate, the data constrain the model parameters fairly well. Our likelhood function also contains other observables such as the relic density of dark matter, the dark matter-nucleus elastic scattering cross section, and collider limits. Using Bayesian inference, we confine the mass and couplings strengths of the dark matter and mediator particle Balazs:2014rsa .
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Sec. II, we summarize the simplified dark matter models we consider. In Sec. III, we discuss dark matter observables: dark matter abundance, gamma rays from the Galactic Center, direction detection and collider detection. Our numerical results are given in Sec. IV. We summarize our conclusions in Sec. V. We collect the formulae of Bayesian inference and likelihood functions in the Appendix.
Ii Theoretical Hypotheses
In this section we describe the theoretical hypotheses which we test using the gamma ray and other data. As stated in the introduction, we use a simplified model as a more realistic description of the interactions between dark and standard matter. Inspired by the Higgs portal mechanism Higgsportal ; Queiroz:2014yna , we restrict the mediator to be a spin-0 field, that is a real scalar particle , in our study. We consider three different hypotheses for the identity of the dark matter particle: real scalar (), Majorana fermion (), and real vector (). These dark matter candidates couple to the mediator with interactions shown in Table 1 Berlin:2014tja .
|real scalar DM
|Majorana fermion DM
|real vector DM
|DM-mediator interaction
In Table 1 we require the interaction strengths of and to be proportional to the dark matter mass so that one obtains dimensionless couplings and . The interaction between the mediator and standard fermions is assumed to be:
In line with minimal flavor violation (MFV) D'Ambrosio:2002ex , we only consider the third generation standard fermions, i.e. .
We assume, for simplicity, that mediator pair final states are not present in the dark matter annihilation and only consider s-channel annihilation diagrams. According to the power counting of dark matter transfer momentum or velocity Kumar:2013iva , with the bi-linears in Table 1 and Eq. (1), the annihilation cross sections of the three candidates are not velocity suppressed, i.e. . The dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section for the fermion candidate is momentum suppressed, while it is non-suppressed for the scalar and vector cases. The resulting direct detection cross sections are all spin-independent (SI).
Iii Observables
iii.1 Dark Matter Abundance
We assume that the single dark matter candidate follows the standard thermal evolution in the early Universe and as the temperature decreases it freezes out leaving an average relic abundance. We use micrOmegas version 3.6.9 to calculate this abundance MO . Our likelihood function includes this observable, together with the experimental value determined by WMAP and Planck Ade:2013zuv
We require the relic density of the dark matter candidate to be close to the above central value, that is we use a Gaussian for this part of the likelihood function.
iii.2 Gamma Rays from the Galactic Center
In our scenario the gamma ray flux observed by Fermi-LAT is generated by the annihilation of self-conjugate dark matter particles. The double-differential flux of photons as the function of energy and observation region is given by
Here is the thermally averaged dark matter annihilation cross section, is the annihilation branching fraction into the final state, and is the energy spectrum of photons produced in one annihilation channel with the final state . The factor in Eq. (3) is the function of the direction of observation
and a generalized Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) dark matter galactic distribution NFW
Here the radius of the galactic diffusion disk is kpc, the solar distance from the Galactic Center is kpc, and is set to reproduce the local dark matter density . Following Ref. Daylan:2014rsa we fix the inner slope of NFW halo profile as and in order to avoid bremsstrahlung and other secondary processes AMartin .
In Fig. 1 we show the key component that determines the energy distribution of the gamma ray flux, that is the differential yield , for the three final states we consider. As seen from Eq. (3), the differential yield is the branching fraction weighted sum of the differential yields into specific final states. Contrary to previous gamma ray studies with dark matter annihilating into only , we sum over the contributions of the three individual Standard Model (SM) fermions (). As is model-dependent, the gamma ray data plays an important role in constraining the three different models we consider.
The gamma ray spectral data points that we input into our Gaussian likelihood function are taken from Fig. 5 in Ref. Daylan:2014rsa . We use micrOmegas version 3.6.9 to evaluate the theoretical prediction for the differential gamma ray flux MO .
iii.3 Dark Matter Direct Detection
As we only consider the scalar current between the mediator and the third generation quarks, the strength of the mediator-nucleon () interaction reads
Above and we adopt , , Berlin:2014tja ; lattice ; Crivellin:2013ipa .
The elastic scattering cross section of fermionic dark matter , as indicated in Sec. II A, is suppressed by powers of velocity Berlin:2014tja
where is the mean speed of dark matter which is fixed to be for simplicity, and is the reduced DM-nucleon mass. The cross sections of the scalar and vector DM candidates are neither velocity nor momentum suppressed Berlin:2014tja :
iii.4 Collider Detection of Dark Matter
As we only consider couplings of the mediator to the third generation quarks in our models, the most stringent collider constraint is from the direct search for dark matter associated with bottom or top quarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as studied in Ref. Haisch:2012kf ; Lin:2013sca . In Ref. Lin:2013sca searches of mono-b jet and top in pairs plus missing energy at 8 TeV LHC are analyzed to give limits on the heavy scalar mediator scale for fermionic dark matter operator. These limits are obtained for the following effective interaction:
In order to apply this limit on our models, we need to match the cut-off scale to the effective scale that applies in our model, in which the latter depends on the particular final state . To achieve this matching we use the following relation:
Here is the collider limit for a particular heavy quark given in Ref. Lin:2013sca .
The above constraint is based on the effective field theory framework. We have to consider the validity of effective field theory and the condition of applying the constraint in Eq. (11). The condition for integrating out the mediator requires a mediator mass greater than the momentum transfer: . In addition, the kinematics of the mediator decaying to a pair of dark matter particles imposes , which leads to a minimal requirement on : Busoni:2013lha . This condition, however, may not be sufficient taking into account the selection cuts in Ref. Lin:2013sca . We thus use as the required condition in Eq. (11), where is the cut on transverse missing energy adopted in Ref. Lin:2013sca with GeV for a () quark.
Apart from the observables discussed above, there are other indirect probes which can be relevant in shaping the parameter space, for instance the measurement of radio emission and the local antiproton spectrum. Most recently, Cholis, Hooper, and Linden critically reevaluated radio constraints on annihilating dark matter in Ref. Cholis:2014fja . They found that electron energy losses are dominated by inverse Compton scattering rather than by synchrotron radiation which considerably relaxes the radio frequency constraints, while convective winds may further weaken synchrotron bounds. Taking this into account radio constraints on annihilating dark matter are generally weaker than those derived from current gamma-ray observations.
Specifically, the left frame of Fig. 2 in Ref. Cholis:2014fja shows that, under reasonable assumptions on the dark matter halo profile and convection, after taking inverse Compton scattering into account the radio data do not constrain dark matter annihilation at thermal rates for GeV. Depending on the speed of the convective wind the limits may not affect dark matter annihilating at the thermal rate down to about 1 GeV. Since our 95 % confidence regions are spread between GeV for the most likely Majorana fermion case, based on Ref. Cholis:2014fja , we conclude that our results are not changed by radio constraints. For the less likely real scalar and vector dark matter candidates the 95 % confidence regions cover GeV, which could be mildly affected at the low mass regions.
Similarly, Bringmann, Vollmann, and Weniger recently updated charged cosmic-ray constraints on light dark matter in Ref. Bringmann:2014lpa . The authors adapt the specific assumptions that are required by the putative dark matter signal indicated by the gamma-ray excess from the Galactic center region. They found that cosmic-ray positron data disfavor dark matter annihilation to light leptons, or democratically to all leptons, which does not affect our conclusions. Cosmic-ray antiprotons are in tension with dark matter annihilation to any combination of quark final states but only AMS-02 data will be able to rule out or confirm the dark matter hypothesis.
In particular, Fig. 5 in Ref. Bringmann:2014lpa shows that the significant uncertainty of the propagation parameters implies that antiproton data still allow for thermal dark matter annihilation into final states at the thermal rate for GeV. Fig. 4, additionally, shows that antiproton limits for the final state flatten out for GeV. These two facts combined with the theoretical and experimental uncertainty in the relic abundance calculation allows us to argue that our 98 % confidence regions may not be significantly affected by the present antiproton limits either.
Iv Results
We coded the Lagrangian of the simplified dark matter models in FeynRules FR . Subsequent calculations, including the dark matter relic density, differential gamma ray flux, and direct detection cross section are done using micrOmegas MO . Nested sampling and posterior distribution calculations are performed by MultiNest MN . Due to their modest ranges we use log priors for all parameters. We defer details of our statistical analysis and likelihood functions to Appendix.
In the numerical calculation we fix the coupling of dark matter to the mediator as and scan and in the range of GeV and respectively. We first show the posterior probability distribution taking into account of gamma ray data, relic density, and direct detection below and discuss the LHC constraint at the end.
In Figs. 2, 3 and 4, we show the posterior probability distributions as a function of (a) DM mass, (b) and (c) () for the Majorana fermion, real scalar and real vector dark matter models, respectively. One can see that the preferred dark matter mass is in a narrow region around some certain value for all three candidates, that is GeV, GeV. For scalar and vector dark matter a resonance funnel value of the mediator mass is favored, that is , while its distribution has bimodal structure for the fermionic case, GeV or GeV. Amongst the mediator to standard fermions couplings is strongly favored for Majorana fermion dark matter. In the real scalar and vector cases the tau lepton final state has a comparable contribution to that of the b quark. The bimodal structure of the mediator mass in the fermionic case is due to the relatively large coupling to b quark compared to in the other two models. The smaller values, and the favored resonance funnel value of for the scalar and vector models, are induced by the requirement of evading direct detection limits as the cross sections are not suppressed in these two cases.
After marginalizing the posterior probability to two model parameters, we obtain the 1 and 2 credible regions shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 for the three models. For Majorana fermion dark matter, we obtain , at 1(2) credible level. As the dark matter mass is favored to be in the region at the 1(2) credible level, and the elastic scattering cross section with nuclei is velocity-suppressed (c.f. Eq. (8)), the channel is forbidden and the direct detection limits do not affect this scenario. Consequently is not constrained in this case. The mediator mass has two favored 2 regions: GeV and GeV, while the whole range of GeV is available at the 1 credible level. The two favored regions of give two spin-independent scattering cross section regions evading the direct detection limits for fermionic dark matter, as seen in Fig. 5 (d). The heavy mediator masses, unfortunately, lead to partly lower than neutrino background.
For the real scalar dark matter model, we obtain , at 1(2) credible level. As the scattering cross section on nuclei is sizable compared to the fermionic case and proportional to , the large region is constrained by direct detection although the channel is not allowed, which results in at 1(2) credible level. The dark matter and mediator mass, and , both have single favored region: GeV, GeV at 1(2) credible level. The favored region of spin-independent direct detection cross section is narrow, i.e. two orders of magnitude below the LUX limit.
In the real vector dark matter case, we have , at 1(2) credible level. For the same reason as in the scalar case, the top quark coupling stays in the favored region at 1(2) credible level. The dark matter and mediator mass, and , are favored in lower regions than for the scalar model: GeV, GeV at 1(2) credible level. The small favored vector dark matter mass gives pb.
Using Bayesian statistics, we can compare the relative viability of our dark matter models. We use Bayes factors, defined as the ratio of the model evidences, to perform such a model comparison. In Table 2 we show the natural logarithm of the Bayes factors for the dark matter models we consider. According to Jeffreys' scale Arina:2013jma , the Majorana fermion model is moderately favored over the vector model, which in turn is strongly favored against the scalar model.
Finally, we discuss the LHC constraint on the Majorana fermion dark matter model. According to Fig. 5 (c) the minimal condition of applying the LHC limit i.e. gives GeV of minimal in the favored region which is smaller than the missing energy cut . Together with the favored coupling we obtain the minimal :
They are both larger than the maximal lower limit on cut-off scale GeV and GeV obtained at the 8 (14) TeV LHC Lin:2013sca . We also include the LHC limit in our numerical calculation and find our results indeed do not change. Thus, we can conclude that LHC limit does not give stringent constraint on our model.
V Conclusions
We use the stretched effective operators to introduce spin-0 mediating particle in general dark matter models with Majorana fermion, real scalar and vector candidates. We then sum over the contributions of the third generation SM fermions into gamma ray spectrum in the calculation of differential gamma ray flux. In our analysis we use the gamma-ray data points shown in the right frame of Fig. 5 in Ref. Daylan:2014rsa . As a result the gamma ray data strictly constrains our model parameters and dark matter mass. We also calculate dark matter relic density, elastic scattering cross section and effective collider limit and contrast them with experiments. Using Bayesian inference we confine the most fundamental properties of dark matter particles, such as their mass and interaction strength with ordinary matter and force particles.
We find
the combination of gamma ray data, relic density and direct detection set stringent constraint on the three models we consider but the search for dark matter particle at the LHC does not;
posterior probability distributions show that the favored DM mass is in a narrow region around some certain value: GeV, GeV. The mediator mass favors for scalar and vector DM, while for fermionic DM case: GeV or GeV. The mediator-SM fermions coupling is strongly favored for Majorana fermion () DM. In real scalar and vector cases, tau lepton has comparable contribution as b quark ();
favored regions of parameters and direct detection cross section in Majorana fermion DM model at 1(2) credible level:
, , unconstrained,
GeV, unconstrained ( GeV, GeV),
favored regions of parameters and direct detection cross section in real scalar DM model at 1(2) credible level:
, , ,
GeV, GeV,
favored regions of parameters and direct detection cross section in real vector DM model at 1(2) credible level:
, , ,
GeV, GeV,
the Majorana fermion DM model has moderate evidence against the real vector DM one while the latter case is strongly favored against scalar DM model.
Acknowledgements.T. L. would like to thank Benjamin Farmer, Samuel D. McDermott, Jayden L. Newstead and Chris Savage for helpful discussions. C. B. and T. L. would also like to thank Tracy R. Slatyer for providing gamma ray data points in Ref. Daylan:2014rsa . This work in part was supported by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Terascale. The work of C. B. and T. L. is supported by the Australian Research Council.
Appendix A Bayesian Inference
In this section we summarize the statistical background of our analysis. Let and denote the plausibility of two non-exclusive propositions, and , in light of some prior information, . The probability that both and are correct is given by the conditional expression
Bayes theorem follows from the symmetry of the conditional probability under the exchange of and :
In this context is typically called the prior probability and represents the plausibility of our hypothesis given the information prior to the observation of . The likelihood function indicates how accurately the hypothesis can replicate the data. The posterior probability quantifies the plausibility of the hypothesis given the data . The evidence serves to normalize the posterior.
For theoretical models with a continuous parameter Bayes' theorem can be recast in the form
The posterior distribution can be used to estimate the most likely region of . The evidence is calculated via an integral over the full parameter space
For more than one continuous parameters, , marginalization is performed by integrating the posterior over various parameters in the higher dimensional parameter space
Appendix B Likelihood Functions
Whenever an experimental central value is available with an uncertainty, we cast the likelihood function in the form of a Gaussian distribution centered on the measured value with standard deviation equal to the uncertainty:
For experiments that only place a bound on a particular parameter, the likelihood function takes the form of a complementary error function:
where the () sign is used for an upper (lower) limit. The composite likelihood combines likelihood functions for various data points at the parameter point :
We assume that the theoretical calculations of relic density and direct detection have a uniform uncertainty of 50% and 10% respectively throughout the whole parameter space. We stipulate a 10% uncertainty of the collider limit and that the experimental and theoretical uncertainties are the same for gamma ray data and direct detection. We combine experimental and theoretical uncertainties in quadrature.
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text:
Marquette, MI – (Great Lakes Radio News) – Marquette City Police are warning residents of a phone scam in the area.
Police say the scam involves altered caller ID information, also known as caller ID "spoofing".
Residents say they received calls that read "Marquette Police Department" with the department's phone number on the caller ID.
The caller then says the department is investigating a report of identity theft and they request personal information.
The caller is said to have a foreign accent.
Police say you should not give out any personal information if you receive such a call and to simply hang up.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ameritrade Rises 3.8%; Panera Falls
As stocks marked their second consecutive decline on deepening interest-rate concerns, Whole Foods Market fell on the prospect of a soured acquisition, Panera Bread's outlook left investors with a stale taste, and the prospect of a merger lifted TD Ameritrade Holding.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 129.79 points, or 1%, to 13465.67, its biggest one-day point decline in nearly a month as 25 of 30 components fell. International Business Machines led the decliners, with a drop of $3.43, or 3.2%, to $102.41.
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text:
Your goal is to stay on the road. However, if the player falls off the road, then the game is over.
Corona virus protection jigsaw
Kid Puzzle ABCD
Truck Hidden Cargo
Alien Invasion
Rob The Treasure
Fitness Girls Dress Up
Pet Run Adventure Puppy Run
Let Me Out
Adventure Girl
Oil Tanker Transporter Truck
Power Light
DEAD WARFARE Zombie Shooting Gun Games
Up and Down Ninja
Military Wars Strike
Wildlife Safari Five Diffs
Easter Match 3
Color Pong Game
Baby Hazel Swimming Time
The Powerpuff Girls Differences
Ragdoll Shooter
Math Game
Jet Pack Kid
Space Adventure
Cute Mermaid Dress Up Game
Incredible City Monster Hunk Hero Survival
Easter Egg Lines
Cartoon Dinosaur Memory Challenge
Football Strike Free Kick
Basketball Stars


text:
This article was written on an older version of FileFront / GameFront
Formatting may be lacking as a result. If this article is un-readable please report it so that we may fix it.
Several tutorials for Jedi Academy have been added to the left-hand menu, replacing several of the old, outdated Jedi Outcast tutorials. Due to the large modding community, we feel that this change is long overdue, and we hope to add many more tutorials in the coming days and weeks. For those interested in an easy-to-access tutorial compendium, we invite anyone to submit their own modding tutorials to us, which we will post on the site, crediting you for your work. We are also interested in hearing what tutorials you would like to see posted and we will do our best to either create one or search for one. For now, please enjoy these four new tutorials:
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Labour migrants face a variety of social, economic and health related challenges. This seminar will give a platform on the concerns and challenges of migration and health in Norway with a focus on Polish labour migrants. How do we ensure access and reduce barriers to health services for this group? How do we ensure knowledge of rights and regulations in this group of migrant workers? How can we secure medical safety for patients that get medical help from different health services in different countries? This seminar is aimed at policy implementers, professionals in the health sector, private sector stakeholders, union representatives, NGOs and the public sector. Date: Tuesday April 10th 2
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Office: Skippergata 33, 2nd floor, 0154 Oslo, Norway
Post: Pb 8927 Youngstorget, 0028 Oslo, Norway
Opening hours: Monday - Friday, 10:00-15:00
Telephone: (+47) 23 10 53 20 | Fax: (+47) 23 10 53 23


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text:
We need your help. The economic fallout of the coronavirus crisis is threatening our ability to keep producing the stories you've come to love. If you're able, please consider making a monthly contribution to The Stranger.
I'm sure you saw the video of the SPD officer rolling over a protester's head: A warning if you haven't: It's graphic. SPD placed the officer on paid leave. The Office of Police Accountability requested a criminal investigation of the incident by an outside agency. SPD referred the incident to the King County Sheriff's Office, which will investigate the officer.
The Headline of the Day: 3 accused of creating man cave under Grand Central Terminal
Paid for by Committee to Reelect Judge North, P.O. Box 27113, Seattle, WA 98165
Don't have plans for tonight? Have you checked out Northwest Film Forum's Local Sightings Film Fest yet? If not, tonight's a great night to watch one of the regionally grown films. I recommend The World Is Bright, a surprisingly moving documentary that follows two Chinese parents as they investigate the circumstances surrounding their son's alleged suicide in Canada. The filmmakers are participating in a live Zoom panel this evening. More info here.
Damn: Rangers recovered the body of a Seattle man from Mount Rainier National Park today. Alex Fitzgerald died at the age of 27 after he and his camping partner experienced white-out conditions while spending the night at Camp Muir. Fitzgerald's hiking partner says he became disoriented and unresponsive, and she left to find help.
How are your houseplants doing? Here's one of mine.
In very unrelated news, my flamingo lily has a new flamingo 🥺🦩🌱 pic.twitter.com/1jmczKZ3RW
— Chase Burns (@chaseburnsy) September 24, 2020
Trump anticipates the election results will go to the Supreme Court: "I think this will end up in the Supreme Court. And I think it's very important that we have nine justices, and I think the system is going to go very quickly. I'll be submitting at five o'clock on Saturday the name of the person I chose for the most important of all positions," he recently said. Of course he has to go and ruin a decent Saturday night. I'm sure Mitch will confirm Donald's pick before church on Sunday.
Trump is up in Iowa: According to this new Monmouth University poll of Iowa that polled registered voters.
IOWA POLL: #GeneralElection matchup
Registered voters:
50% @realDonaldTrump (48% in August)
44% @JoeBiden (45%)
Likely voters, high turnout:
49% Trump (48%)
46% Biden (46%)
Likely voters, low turnout:
49% Trump (47%)
46% Biden (47%)https://t.co/a8IGA98RVp pic.twitter.com/ZAnFKCRB1U
— MonmouthPoll (@MonmouthPoll) September 24, 2020
And here's a new Fox News poll of likely voters for Nevada, Ohio, and Pennsylvania:
NEW Fox News polls (Likely voters)
Biden 52% (+11)
Trump 41%
Biden: 50% (+5)
Trump: 45%
Biden: 51% (+7)
Trump 44%https://t.co/EQQySKpZb8
— Johnny Verhovek (@JTHVerhovek) September 24, 2020
It appears North Korean troops shot and killed a South Korean official: The South Korean was trying to defect to North Korea. Troops reportedly killed the man and set his body on fire, thinking he may have coronavirus. Details are a little shoddy, but if the shooting is confirmed, this will be the first time North Korea has killed a South Korean citizen on North Korean soil since 2008.
South Korea accuses North Korea of firing at a South Korean government official and burning his body and urged the North to punish those responsible. https://t.co/npWNKyPuhg
— The Associated Press (@AP) September 24, 2020
BREAKING: We may have another Headline of the Day contender: Chunky thighs and wide hips linked to long life expectancy
Mary Trump, the president's niece, is suing the president: Mary (in)famously published a popular book about Donald. More from WaPo on the lawsuit:
The lawsuit, filed Thursday in New York Supreme Court, accuses Mary Trump's uncles, Donald and Robert, and aunt Maryanne Trump Barry, of pretending they would guard her assets—valuable pieces of the Trump family real estate empire—that she inherited after her father died, only to bully and take advantage of her during estate settlement negotiations. It alleges fraud, conspiracy and violations of fiduciary duties.
Some Stranger housekeeping: From March 11 to today, The Stranger's received over 15,300 recurring and one-time contributions. That's a veritable fuckton and we are beyond grateful.
The team that handles our contributions pinged me and said that a very kind reader messaged in and asked if reader support is working for us: YES! Stranger supporters have kept us going from the start of COVID, through a fraught summer, and continue providing a crucial lifeline as we head into the fall. The Stranger is hoping another 1,500 first-time donors will show us their support by the beginning of December. (That's about 17 new contributors a day!) If you haven't contributed and you appreciate our team of writers, please consider offering a one-time or recurrent gift so we can continue to cover Seattle as only The Stranger can.
While I'm sure you think we're spending your contributions on artisanal dabs: We're not. Your donations go toward supporting The Stranger's coverage. And while I can't spill all of the beans, I can say that in the next month, we're presenting a series of political debates hosted by the Stranger Election Control Board (the full details will drop on October 1), and we're working on a special, semi-secret podcast series hosted by Stranger staffers Charles Mudede and Jasmyne Keimig. And that's just the new stuff—we continue to churn out all of our regular rabid coverage, like blogging about the local art scenes, the looming 2021 budget discussions at city hall, the ongoing protests, and that election. You know the one. Supporters and future supporters like you are making all the difference for us during this difficult time. Thank you. Back to tonight's headlines.
Another night of protests for Breonna Taylor kicked off around the country: Louisville extended its curfew through the weekend, although that's not stopping demonstrations. Courier Journal reporter Sarah Ladd is one of the reporters on the ground in Louisville tonight.
Shields? pic.twitter.com/7Bb5L3sBVc
— Sarah Ladd (@ladd_sarah) September 25, 2020
Meanwhile, in Florida:
The crowd here at Trump's Jacksonville, Florida rally just goes on and on. pic.twitter.com/0uQCv7lHUY
— Jill Colvin (@colvinj) September 24, 2020
C-SPAN has video of the rally if you're into that kind of punishment.
Ivar's is shutting down a few of its restaurants until at least 2021: Its full-service restaurants Acres of Clams and Salmon House will close on September 28, reports Eater Seattle. There aren't plans to open up either restaurant until next spring, but takeout windows will remain open.
Pac-12 fall football is on: A seven-game season will start on November 6 and last until December 18. Fans are NOT allowed to watch the games at the sporting arenas, cuz COVID.
Dawgs are Ready!!! Let's goooooooooo!!!!! #BowDownToWashington https://t.co/NmOmG1pUgv
— Jimmy Lake (@CoachLakeUDUB) September 24, 2020
Love Slog AM/PM?
Submission shoutout: Tim's Tavern in Greenwood is producing a livestreamed music fest on October 17 to help raise funds to save Tim's Tavern. They're currently seeking pre-recorded video submissions from acts (submit here). The show will be aired on YouTube, Twitch, and potentially Facebook "if they let us," the Tavern tells me. "An unforeseen Phase 4 is when we are allowed to open back up. Still paying rent and insurance are our biggest hurdles," they continued. "We DO NOT want to be one of the 90% of venues to close during this." Phase 4 is a long ways away. Help a local music venue out if you've got TALENT.
Send it, Bernard: Bernie framed this election as "an election between Donald Trump and democracy" in a speech today.
"This is not just an election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden. This is an election between Donald Trump and democracy, and democracy must win," Sen. Bernie Sanders says. https://t.co/or97D1OhJC pic.twitter.com/AObpbLyp5v
— ABC News Live (@ABCNewsLive) September 24, 2020
The speech is the beginning of "a new six-week campaign," according to USA Today, where Sanders will "highlight the 'unique threats to democracy'" and campaign for Biden.
Amazon's new Ring camera is totally "Next-Level": Oh, what's that? It FLIES? Oh, it's an INDOOR SECURITY DRONE? HA! HA! TOTALLY CHILL!


text:
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text:
On March 6, 2020, the movie Spenser Confidential premiered on Netflix. The viewers are a cop friend comedy and welcomed the cinema. Here's what you want to learn about Spenser Confidential's future.
About Spenser Confidential:
The film is directed. Spenser Confidential is the 5th collaboration of Berg and actor Mark Wahlberg. The movie is based on the novel Wonderland. Additionally, it utilizes the names of characters in the books of Robert B. Parker. The film revolves around Spenser, an ex-convict and former detective who's forced to explore a drug cartel and a disturbing murder.
The film stars Alan Arkin, Winston Duke, Mark Wahlberg, Iliza Shlesinger, Bokeem Woodbine, Marc Maron, and Austin Post. Six weeks after the film's release, Netflix reported that the film was watched in nearly 85 million households.
About Spenser Confidential 2:
There has not been any statement from Netflix or Berg about Spenser Confidential's sequel. In reality, Mark Wahlberg, in his career of 25 years, has appeared in just three movie sequels. Spenser Confidential ends to a classic cliff-hanger, so there is a possibility of a sequel. The movie's producer Neal Moritz has commented in an interview: "I read a lot of the Spenser books and thought it had the great possibility for a series or even a franchise of movies."
Also, Wahlberg, Duke, Berg has shown interest in the possible sequel. His sidekick Hawk and Spenser can go on a different mission to solve more robust cases. This sequel's possibility also relies on the interest.
Director Peter Berg has high hopes. "I do feel like ['Spenser Confidential'] lends itself nicely to a sequel, obviously given how we ended up the film. I hope that the film is a victory by whatever barometer Netflix uses", he explained in a meeting.


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Special Offers on Disney Cruise Line Sailings as of 1/30/2017 • The Disney Cruise Line Blog
Plus, seven Disney Springs Resort Area Hotels are offering special "Spring. this city offers plenty of summer fun, including the opening of Splash Lagoon at Beech Bend water park, Lost River Cave's.
DIsney Cruise Line Special Offers and Deals Without a doubt, cruising with Disney is a magical experience. The level of service you receive together with the amenities are second to none. There is truly something for everyone on a Disney Cruise – from relaxing "me" time for the adults to imaginative fun for the kids and [.]
Special Offers on Disney Cruise Line Sailings as of 2/5/2018 The Disney Cruise Line Blog Nikki fried: sanctuary cities' bill is bad news for Florida Monica Lewinsky continues to show a sense of humor about her affair with former boss bill clinton, two decades after the president was impeached for lying about their relationship.6 days ago. Our 101 Disney Cruise Line tips offer random ideas that cover all of the.. special sailings-is your best shot at last-minute discounted prices.
· Disney Cruise Line will transport guests to a galaxy far, far away on 15 Caribbean cruises that celebrate epic Star Wars adventures at sea onboard the Disney Fantasy. With departure dates from January 6 through April 14, 2018, all seven-night eastern and western Caribbean cruise itineraries will feature the out-of-this-world Star Wars Day at Sea attended by iconic characters.
To help you stay on top of constantly changing prices, we'll shoot you an email whenever the cost of this cruise rises or falls.
Best Suited Florida Reverse Mortgage Calculator Are you eligible for a reverse mortgage? Use our reverse mortgage calculator to see how much money you can receive based on the value of your home. Are you eligible for a reverse mortgage? Use our reverse mortgage calculator to see how much money you can receive based on the value of your home.
While Disney Cruise Line won't be adding to its fleet until 2021, its existing four-ship fleet will continue to bank on specialty cruises including Star Wars and Marvel-themed sailings out of Port.
Over the next several months, I'll be sharing some of those details with you and giving you a sneak peek at some of their new artwork created for our special itinerary sailings. Those who will join us.
Did Charlie Crist Cause the Recession? the likely Democratic nominee for governor who signed them into law during a recession when he was a Republican governor. "We're here because in 2009, Charlie Crist raised this tax," Scott said. "We.Local Housing Video For example, the -million catalyst housing fund was co-created with five local community groups, the City of east palo alto, and the City of Menlo Park. In the video below, Konstance, a Menlo Park. New fair and affordable housing, the Vienna Senior Housing, is coming to Rye. Video by Mark Vergari
A passenger on a Carnival Cruise Line ship has been missing and likely. he is dead but do not blame the group that organized the sailing, they said via a statement. "He loved the Wishes4Me special.
Florida children, 8 and 10, flee to safety, describe home of horrors However, my presentation at both focused on recent successes and challenges regarding infrastructure, environment and public safety. ironically. total roof services corp.; board member, Children's.
· Our latest Disney vacation club member cruise was a voyage for the ages, sailing from San Diego, Calif., to Vancouver, B.C., with stops in San Francisco, Calif., and Victoria, B.C. – and an envelope-pushing lineup of special entertainment – in between.
· The overall number of special offers from disney cruise line remains at just over 50 sail dates this week. The number of sailings with the MTO rate is up to down to 28 sail dates with 2 new sail dates. The Canadian Resident rate added 1 new date, a couple Halloween on the High Seas cruise in October. The Florida Resident rate features 12 sail dates.


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FeaturesOur editorial board comprises a specialist group of leading industry figures who, in conjunction with the HOIST editorial team, identify the main drivers of the industry helping to produce regular, thought provoking opinion pieces on the latest issues, challenges and developments.
Latest HOIST Feature
Heavy lifting hoists and overhead cranes are more than just scaled-up versions of smaller systems. Julian Champkin investigates.
> read more


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Live Streaming of IPL 2020: Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) will be aiming for their third IPL title when they begin their Indian Premier League (IPL) season 13 campaign against defending champions Mumbai Indians (MI) on September 23. The Dinesh Karthik-led side failed to qualify for the playoffs last season despite finishing with the same number of points as the fourth-placed Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH). They will aim to first finish in the top four this season and then advance to their first IPL final since 2014. Meanwhile, KKR fans searching for how and where to watch the Kolkata Knight Riders IPL 2020 matches should scroll down for all information, including free live TV telecast and live streaming online details on Star Sports, Star Sports 1 Bangla and Hotstar. KKR IPL 2020 Schedule With Date & Timings in IST: Kolkata Knight Riders Matches of Indian Premier League 13 With Full Timetable, Fixtures in UAE.
Also Read | KXIP vs KKR Live Score Updates of IPL 2020: Kolkata Knight Riders Opt to Bat vs Kings XI Punjab
KKR finished fifth in IPL 2020 and have progressed to the playoffs only thrice in the last five seasons and have never made to the IPL final since 2014 when under Gautam Gambhir they beat Kings XI Punjab (KXIP) to win the title. That trophy was KKR's second in three seasons but since then their trophy cabinet has been barren. This season though the fans are optimistic especially after the addition of the likes of Eoin Morgan, Pat Cummins and Tom Banton. KKR have a strong and balanced squad at their disposal and will hope they can go the distance. Fans can find all live telecast and live streaming online details for Kolkata Knight Riders matches right here on this page. KKR Team Profile for IPL 2020: Kolkata Knight Riders Squad in UAE, Stats & Records and Full List of Players Ahead of Indian Premier League Season 13.
How to Watch Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) IPL 2020 Matches Live Telecast and Live Streaming Online?
Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) fans across India can live telecast all KKR matches in IPL 2020 on Star Sports channels. Star Sports is the official broadcaster for Indian Premier League 13 and will be live telecasting all the matches for IPL fans. KKR fans can therefore tune into Star Sports channels and catch the live action according to match timings. KKR fans can watch IPL 2020 matches in Bengali language on Star Sports 1 Bangla. Those fans unable to catch the live action on television sets can also follow all KKR matches live online. Disney+ Hotstar, Star Network's online media platform, will be live streaming the matches online for its fans in India.
Also Read | Kings XI Punjab vs Kolkata Knight Riders, IPL 2020 Toss Report and Playing XI Update: Chris Jordan Replaces Injured Sheldon Cottrell As Dinesh Karthik Opts to Bat First
Dinesh Karthik-led KKR will play most of their group stage IPL 2020 matches in Abu Dhabi, including their opening match against Mumbai Indians. KKR will play eight group matches in Abu Dhabi and three each in Dubai and Sharjah. They will end their IPL 2020 group stage matches against Rajasthan Royals on November 01 in Dubai. The Kolkata-based franchise will play five-afternoon matches all of which are scheduled to start at 3:30 pm IST while the evening matches have a start time of 7:30 pm IST.


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Ouija Craft official trailer released
In Ouija Craft, after a member of a coven dies in a tragic accident, two witches use an ancient Ouija board to cast a spell that resurrects their friend from the grave, only to find that she is extremely powerful and not herself. It stars Allison Shrum, Ivy Rhodes, and Bella Martin. It is directed by Aaron Mirtes.
In Wonderful Days, life on earth is on the brink of extinction from pollution and other environmental disasters. In order Read more
From the ashes a classic video label name returns in a new form...the name VIPCO is back... fresh and ready Read more
The second trailer has been released for Ultra Galaxy Fight: The Absolute Conspiracy, an upcoming Ultra Fight miniseries that is Read more
Art by Stephen Mullan ©2020 Cult Faction has been lucky enough to be sent an exclusive Read more
Kaley Cuoco stars in The Flight Attendant, streaming November 26th 2020 exclusively on HBO Max. The Flight Attendant is a Read more
The Conjuring 3 aka The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It will be directed by Michael Chaves, with a screenplay by David Read more
Classic '90s cartoon The Animaniacs from Steven Spielberg is coming back for all new episodes on Hulu, 22 years after Read more
TAILGATE is on Digital 26th October 2020. It is directed by Lodewijk Crijns and stars Jeroen Spitzenberger, Anniek Pheifer, Roosmarijn Read more
SKYLIN3S is directed and written by Liam O'Donnell and stars Lindsey Morgan, Jonathan Howard, Rhona Mitra, James Cosmo, Alexander Siddig, Read more
F is for Fear, the sixth book in an epic series of twenty-six horror anthologies. Within these pages you will Read more
Brett Summers
Founded Cult Faction in 2014; previously crawled out of the Black Lodge in 1976, only to find himself in the Village.


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A built-in comfort crop to hold removable padding so that you still have the option to have full coverage without wearing a bra.
Medium to low support: no "shelf bra" so your girls can breathe. This top is made of 60% Cotton, 35% Polyester, and 18% Spandex which keeps it form-fitting with the perfect amount of stretch.
Our brami top is made from a quality ribbed fabric that you can easily dress up or down. From the gym to the boardroom, you still look Klassy!


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A Way To Slay - Bloody Fight 12+
- Free
- Offers In-App Purchases
A Way To Slay is a bloody puzzle game in which you will need tactics and logical thinking.
You will face knights, samurai, mercenaries, pirates, orcs, assassins and even the modern mafia.
Think over the strategy of combat and pass hundreds of different levels in a variety of eras, from realistic to fantasy worlds.
1. Epochs.
Fight in medieval times with knights or plunge into the eastern theme with the samurai. Try to defeat all pirates and get to our days fighting with the mafia.
2. Many types of characters and weapons.
Katana, a medieval two-handed sword and even a scythe that chop grass and not just a small part of the arsenal.
Who are you? Wanderer, a samurai, a knight or a modern professional killer in this game - it's up to you!
3. Huge step-by-step battles.
At first you will meet with one or two enemies, but soon there will be several dozen. Think of tactics and find a way to defeat them all.
4. Diverse enemies
On your way you will face so diverse enemies, from ordinary soldiers, to powerful bosses.
5. Graphics and sound
Graphic, visual and sound effects allow you to immerse yourself completely in the gameplay.
What's New
Version 2.01
In App Purchase fixed
Improved Controller
Added quality settings
Ratings and ReviewsSee All
Pretty awesome
Really cool game and concept because I love puzzles and logic. But it really isn't as logical as I was hoping because it's not based off of real life physics where you can guess as judge. You have to really learn how the physics in the games work and how the creator thinks to come up with strategies because the physics of it is basically you can jump anywhere to any enemy and hit them but the other enemies move accordingly. And depending how close they are they can attack. So really cool concept but I wouldn't necessarily call it a logic puzzle because you have to learn how the game works first before you can really come up with a plan.
Some of these positions are very deceptive.
It is next to impossible to determine exactly what the correct pattern is in certain levels. As some of them seem to be a difference at the pixel level. I cannot solve some of these without cheating by watching a walkthrough because of this.
Great but deleting this game
I like the concept and graphics. Puzzles are good. The problem is the sizing of the battle field. I can't make it small enough to see all the fighters. Part of getting 3 stars on a map is finishing your opponent's in less than a certain amount of time. I have to move the screen around for nearly every hit for some maps. This is too clunky and not winning has nothing to do with the puzzle, it's the interface. I've reached my limit of things I want to do with this game. Delete.
- Seller
- Size
- Category
- Games
- Compatibility
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
- Languages
- Age Rating
- 12+
- Infrequent/Mild Realistic Violence
- Copyright
- © 2018 ИП Васильев Влад
- Price
- Free
- In-App Purchases
- No Ads $2.99
- Open All $5.99
Game Center
Challenge friends and check leaderboards and achievements.
Family Sharing
With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.


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SEPCO Systems are Made in USA. SEPCO – Solar Electric Power Company is a manufacturing plant based in Stuart, FL. SEPCO guarantees their commercial solar lighting and off grid solar power systems meet or exceed American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) requirements.
Some solar lights are brighter than others, though, so check the manufacturer's specifications to get the full picture. The brightness of solar lights is measured in lumens. The output of a bright solar light is about 200 to 400 lumens, while a small pathway light may only emit 10 to 15 lumens.
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Today it was reported that the Chairman & Chief Executive Officer of Silvercorp Metals (SVM – Research Report), Rui Feng, exercised options to sell 60,000 SVM shares for a total transaction value of $675.6K.
In addition to Rui Feng, 9 other SVM executives reported Sell trades in the last month. Following Rui Feng's last SVM Sell transaction on June 02, 2020, the stock climbed by 4.0%.
See today's analyst top recommended stocks >>
Based on Silvercorp Metals' latest earnings report for the quarter ending June 30, the company posted quarterly revenue of $46.71 million and quarterly net profit of $15.49 million. In comparison, last year the company earned revenue of $45.58 million and had a net profit of $12.61 million. The company has a one-year high of $8.91 and a one-year low of $1.50.
Based on 5 analyst ratings, the analyst consensus is Hold with an average price target of $8.47, reflecting a 1.8% upside.
The insider sentiment on Silvercorp Metals has been negative according to 78 insider trades in the past three months. This sentiment is lower than the average sentiment of company insiders in this sector.
Company insider trades are published daily on the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission). DailyInsider's proprietary algorithm analyzes these trades and selects the most attractive stocks based on influential insider trades each day. To subscribe to the DailyInsider visit this page.
TipRanks has tracked 36,000 company insiders and found that a few of them are better than others when it comes to timing their transactions. See which 3 stocks are most likely to make moves following their insider activities.
Silvercorp Metals, Inc. engages in the development and exploration of mineral properties. It operates through the Mining, and Administrative segments. The Mining segment comprises of the operation in Henan Luoning, Hunan, Guangdong, and other. The Administrative segment covers operation in Vancouver, and Beijing. The company was founded by Rui Feng on October 31, 1991 and is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.


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- Home
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Community Conversations
The Executive Board and the Governing Board have been monitoring and discussing the potential impacts COVID-19 may have on our Association and members. We know that states in our region have been particularly affected with schools, colleges, and universities closing to ensure the health and safety of their students and staff. Our first priority is our members and the students they serve.
In order to support each other, NEACAC will be offering a series of Community Conversations via our Zoom Platform for members to support one another and ask questions. Each scheduled conversation will have a different topic. Please be on the lookout for the announcement of the dates and times of the upcoming virtual conversations. In an effort to make these conversations widely available, most will be recorded and posted on this website.
If there is another topic you would like NEACAC to discuss, please email [email protected] with the subject "Community Conversations."
Upcoming Community Conversations:
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Thu Oct 29, 2020NEACAC Fall Virtual College Fair
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| start business
As-it-happens update ⋅ October 12, 2020
What a remote-first world looks like for small businesses
Like other small businesses, Sylvain Labs had their clients to think of, ... Small business owners can start this process by having a frank and open ...
GMCCI offers new resources for small businesses, including Start-up Grants and Microloans
This month, Greater Muscatine Chamber of Commerce and Industry launches their new resources for local small businesses that are just starting out, ...
How to start using Business Email and Enterprise Email?
Main things you need to know about how to start using Business or Enterprise (Titan or Flock) Email at Hostinger.
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The profile page of Kevin·Zeferino Costinha displays all matches and competitions with statistics for all the matches he played in. You can get most important stats of Kevin·Zeferino Costinha , including average player rating, goals, assists, cards and other relevant data are also displayed on AiScore.
AiScore Player value for Kevin·Zeferino Costinha is € 0.2M. He has a contract with Winterthur until 30 Jun 2022. Kevin·Zeferino Costinha's jersey number is 21. Kevin·Zeferino Costinha is 19 years old,birstday is 2001/01/05 UTC, and he is 180 cm tall and 67 kg. Kevin·Zeferino Costinha prefers to play with foot.
Kevin·Zeferino Costinha previous match for Winterthur was against - in -, and the match ended with result -:- (- won the match). And his team is going to play their next match on -, - vs - in -. If Kevin·Zeferino Costinha is going to be in Winterthur lineup, it will be confirmed on AiScore one hour before the match starts.
Kevin·Zeferino Costinha Transfer History and Transfer Fee
If you wish to watch live free online matches with Kevin·Zeferino Costinha, in Winterthur match details we offer a link to watch. If this match is covered by AiScore live streaming services you can watch - vs - live score on your PC and on mobile - iPhone, iPad, Android or Windows phone.Please note that intellectual property rights to stream such events are usually owned at a country level and therefore, depending on your location, there may be certain events that you may be unable to watch due to such restrictions.
AiScore football livescore is available as an iPhone and iPad app, Android app on Google Play and Windows phone app. You can find AiScore in all stores on different languages searching for "AiScore". Install the AiScore app and follow all Kevin·Zeferino Costinha matches live on your mobile!


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The world around us is slowly and constantly changing. We might never see the small alterations happen, but many years later, changes will surely be visible. Over time small changes add up and soon the whole ecosystem is different. This slow change in the land and habitat is called ecological succession. Animals, plants, and weather are some factors that cause this type of change in an ecosystem. Ecological succession begins with a pioneer community. In many cases lichens are the "pioneers. " Lichens break down rocks, making soil, so that plants can begin to grow.
The process then continues on; trees grow, decay and then new trees grow back even bigger. Differences in the amount of sunlight, the amount of wind, and the type of soil all influence this changing community of organisms. The number and type of organisms change along with the habitat. Many, many years later the ecosystem becomes relatively stable. This stable condition can last for hundreds of years and is called a climax community. Sometimes nature's power causes changes that happen more quickly, but not instantly. An example of this is repeated flooding.
In some areas loads happen often, each time new sediment is carried by the water and the deposited. Over time a marsh habitat becomes present, next a grassland and then a forest. At other time nature works backwards by tearing down a climax community with a flood or fire. New kinds of organisms are able to move in and the process repeats itself. This type of major reorganization helps encourage diversity in the environment. The next time you look outside try to picture a changing world. What you see out there today might not be the same in fifty years. Animals will move according to the food supply.
Plants will die if they don't get the right amount of sunlight and water. The ecosystem will adjust to the new situation As a lake fills with silt it changes gradually from a deep to a shallow lake or pond, then to a marsh, and beyond this, in some cases, to a dry-land forest. When a crop field is deserted or a forest is severely burned over, it is Just like a plot of bare ground and a series of plant communities grow up there and replace one another-? first annual weeds, then perennial weeds and grasses, then shrubs, and trees-?until a forest ends the development.
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Likewise, if a landslide exposes a surface of rock in the mountains, the surface may be successively occupied by a sparse cover of lichens; a spreading moss mat; grasses, which enter and become a meadow; a shrub thicket, which oversteps and suppresses the grasses; a first forest stage of smaller trees, which seed into the shrub thicket, grow through it, and replace it; and a final stage of larger trees, which take dominance from the first trees and may form a larger and potentially permanent forest community.
The changes in the structure and composition of the community are rapid at first, slowing gradually until a point of yeoman equilibrium is reached, and the community is more or less stable. Such an orderly and progressive replacement tot one community by another until a relatively stable community, called the climax community, occupies the area is called ecosystem development or ecological succession.
In the first example the principal cause of the change in the community was a physical process-the filling in of the lake with silt. In the second example, a principal cause was the growth of plants on an existing soil. In the third example the succession proceeded by a back-and-forth interplay between organisms and environment: one dominant species modified the soil and micrometers in ways that made possible the entry of a third dominant, which in turn altered its environment.
Causes of succession changes are, to varying degrees, external to the community or internal to the community, many successions involve both kinds of causes and reciprocal influences Succession is the "birth" of an ecosystem and subsequent "aging" process of its biotic and biotic features. The following three parameters are nowadays widely accepted in trying to define ecological succession: (1) It is an orderly process of community development that involves changes in species structure and community processes with time; it is reasonably directional and, therefore, predictable. 2) It results from modification of the physical environment by the community; that is, succession is community- controlled even though the physical environment determines the pattern, the rate of change and often sets limits as to how far development can go. (3) It culminates in a stabilized ecosystem in which maximum biomass (or high information content) and hemolytic function between organisms is maintained per unit of available energy flow.
In fact, ecological succession is a complex dynamic interaction between the community inhabiting the ecosystem, the geological Factors determining the patterns of materials transfer, the current state of the ecosystem as a whole, and time. Insofar as changes in the general state of the ecosystem are related to the community inhabiting it and alteration of the community is a function of the evolution of the general state of the ecosystem, succession proceeds under feedback control