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Parts for Sale: Series 1 240 valve coverView Advert Series 1 240 valve cover Series 1 value cover in very good condition $500 obo Advertiser dat240z71 Date 04/20/2020 Price $500.00 Category Parts for Sale
Series 1 240 valve cover
dat240z71 posted an advert in Completed Ads
Parts for Sale: 1970 240Z radioView Advert 1970 240Z radio Up for sale is a very good 1970 240z radio that have been in storage for 30 years. Radio has all the original wiring, also have the antenna bottom. Missing the knobs and has a small piece of the face plate broken off. Advertiser dat240z71 Date 09/15/2019 Price $700 obo Category Parts for Sale
1970 240Z radio
dat240z71 posted an advert in Completed Ads
After fixing the retainer, I did a compression test the result was 1. 150 2. 150 3. 165 4 165 5 145 6. 145 Installed the plugs started the car and ran worse. Missing and popping out the intake. Check the carburetors with the "snail "1-5 pulling the same amount of air, #6 was a little off at 4 . I thought the poor was due to the fact the valves were now set correctly and the compression has risen, I should retuned the carburetors . Now the backfireing louder, at times flames would pop out the front two crabs and backfires out the exhaust, a few times it sounds like gun shot. After all I still have the original problem #6 plug is still wet.
Well Im afraid things have gotten worse. Took the car out to get the engine up the temp to perform the compression test, after a couple of miles started to hear a rattling sound from the engine. Got home pulled the valves cover and found one on the lash pad felling out of thr retainer. Tried to put the lash pad back but the opening in the retainer is damaged cant get the lash pad bach in. Is it possible to replace the retainer with the head on and the camshaft still in place, or do i have to pull the head yet Again
Well do, report back
Hey guys what's the correct procedure to perform a compression test. I may have doing this wrong. The way I been doing test is removing one plug at a time and depressing the acellarator peddle then crank the engine, but this was on a cold engine. I read the engine has to been up to operation temp and all plus out. Is that the correct procedure?
Just got done adjusting the valves, all the clearance were too tight, couldn't get the .007 gauge bottom of the lobes and the rockers. Set both intake and exhaust valves at .007 now the compression has gone up to 150 psl on all cylinders. Tomorrow I will go for a test drive
.007 is the adjustment for the lash both intake and exhaust is what Rebello told me. He also said to adjust at the lash not the traditional way at the bottom of the lobe and the rocker are surface. What I ment Robello wouldn't tell me anything about the Duration/Lift. Just that this is one of the cams he use in some of his 3.0 engines.
Webber Carburetors
dat240z71 posted a topic in Triple Mikuni and WebersI'm an issues with the # six cylinder. My carbs were work good before I pulled them of to replace a bad head gasket. After installing the crabs. I notice the car was missing on the #6 cylinder. Pulled the plugs and 1-5 was nice and " brown" but plug on # 6 was wet and fouled. I bought a new plug and replaced it car idle and ran great until # 6 plug fouled and gain in a few miles. I puled the plug out of #6 and grounded it on the shock tower bolts and confirmed that there was spark at the plug. I replaced the wire on #6 just in case. The plug still fouled out. I then lean out the carb on # 6 still the plug still fouled out. I stitched out the plug from #3 and #6. . Drove the car same result run good until the plug in #6 foul out. I turned the mixture screw all the way in and the plug ids still fouling out. Any ideas what I can check next. No issues befor the headgasket blew. I have had the car three years, this is my second driving season with the new engine N42 block with flat top pistons. .020 over Port and polish N42 head Webber 45's " Carbs were new at the time of the build Two years ago Robello 3'0 tight lash street cam. I don't have any spec. on the cam. Robello won't tell me MSA six into two header.2.5" exhaust. 3k miles on rebuild. Just did a compression test. 120 PSI on 1-4 and 100 psi on #5 &6
Looking for 240, 260, or 280zs in the $500-$2000 range.I'm the one that the one that spoke with 2furtyzee. He asked me what condition Z" Im looking and what was my budget. I told him I prefer a "rust free" 240z or mostly rust free . Who's not . Well he proceeded to tell me how the price had gone up on 240zs and for $3000 I would be have to consider a shell or something with rust needing a lot of work. He also told me that he's been buying and selling Z's for 5 years and has a good understanding. of the market. I than told I maybe will to up my budget some for the right. I told the ideal car would be something complete that have been sitting a while, that I can get back on the roads after of course , going thought the car to make it road worthy and car driver for a few years before doing any restoration. He told me he car that may work and wanted to know what I would pay for the car. Asked him to tell me more about the car. He went on to say the was a series 1 240z, blue on blue. (I have been looking for this combo for a while) rust free that has been off the roads for 15 years but was complete enough to get running in a matter of a couple of weeks worth of work. He did say the car was missing a few non critical parts ash tray, heater control panel and such. Than he told the car had a dent on the passenger side. and he wanted $5500 for the car. My interest was peeked. He told me that he was considering placing the car on Bring a trailer. I asked for pictures. He sent me a few pictures , but did not include a picture of the " Dent". After viewing the first set of pictures. I was interested and asked for pictures of the interior and the dent in the rear quarter panel. He sent me the rest of the pictures as you can cleary that the damage was more than a dent. I told him thanks and I would keep looking. I would have bought the car if it wasn't in a wreak. I know the price have gone up on the 240z, but I'm sure I can find a better car for $5500. I'm not despret for a 240z, I have three very nice " RUST FREE" 240Z'S all California car. car.rtf
Looking for 240, 260, or 280zs in the $500-$2000 range.That car is sold
How Many 240Z's (1970 to 1973) are left?
dat240z71 replied to Diseazd's topic in Engine & DrivetrainMaybe this site can start a registry like they have on the roadster site https://www.311s.org/phpBB3/app.php/page-registry?sid=89bcfe51def5ccc2625afd3c0fa27309
'76 280z Part Out - Orlando, FLPm sent
280 z intake manifoldLooking for a 280z intake manifold. Preferably a Non EGR manifold, but will consider an EGR manifold. Looking to spend $75.00 please send PM if you have one for sale. Thanks
Cheaper would be a deal. 8^)
dat240z71 replied to siteunseen's topic in Open DiscussionsNeeds floor pans
280Z EFI Upgrade Kit Coming Soon !
dat240z71 replied to zcardepot.com's topic in Zcar Depot ForumHas anyone tried this system, and can give some feedback?
I got the timing set today at 33% runs best at this setting 38 seam to high. Anyway I swapped out the 135 main jets with the 145 the car runs a lot better and pulls all the way to 5500 RPMS now before running out of fuel aith the 135 main jets and the timing not sst correctly the would run out at 4k RPMs . I have a set of 150 main jets I'm thinking of trying tomorrow to see if that would be enough to pull 'll the way to 6500 RPMS . Still have a slight hassation from about 2500-3200 RPMS. But pulls like hell from 3500-5500 RPMS. The Throttle plate is just at the edge of the progression holes, the car idles at 1500 at this setting. When the plate is in the center of the progression holes or fully covering the holes other idle jump to 2000 RPMS. I'm thinking of trying 65f9 idle jets next. Also have the occasional spitting out of one of the carberator and popping out the exhaust . My thinking is this is a street car and most of my driving is under 3000 RPMS. So get the transition speeds figure out first then wide open throttle 5500 and above. At 3000 RPMS I cursing 70 MPH . Any thoughts will be greatly appreciated. . I attached a picture of the spark plugs please help me read them
I have1979 280x distributor it haven't been re curved. Vacuum advance disconnect. When I get the new timing light do I want to set total advance.
I will go out today and play with the car and report back. One question I do have is do you guys think the problem I'm having in the high rpm range could be timing related. I do not have a digital readout timing light so I have set my idle at 20゚ but I have no idea what my total timing is do I need to look into that 1st.
I set the plat at the edge of the progression holes can't get the idle under 1500 RPMS at that setting . No ai don't have an 02 sensor no a wideband
Just went out and looked at the carburetors after reading the post suggested. My throttle plate sits behind the 1st progression holes I'm going to adjust them as per the pictures will report back in a little bit what I found
They are 45's


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The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR)- interacting protein: Subserving RPGR function and participating in disk morphogenesis
Edited by Jeremy Nathans, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved January 23, 2003 (received for review December 3, 2002)
Retinitis pigmentosa is a photoreceptor degenerative disease leading to blindness in adulthood. Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) describes a more severe condition with visual deficit in early childhood. Defects in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) and an RPGR-interacting protein (RPGRIP) are known causes of retinitis pigmentosa and LCA, respectively. Both proteins localize in the photoreceptor connecting cilium (CC), a thin bridge linking the cell body and the light-sensing outer segment. We show that RPGR is absent in the CC of photoreceptors lacking RPGRIP, but not vice versa. Mice lacking RPGRIP elaborate grossly oversized outer segment disks resembling a cytochalasin D-induced defect and have a more severe disease than mice lacking RPGR. Mice lacking both proteins are phenotypically indistinguishable from mice lacking RPGRIP alone. In vitro, RPGRIP forms homodimer and elongated filaments via interactions involving its coiled-coil and C-terminal domains. We conclude that RPGRIP is a stable polymer in the CC where it tethers RPGR and that RPGR depends on RPGRIP for subcellular localization and normal function. Our data suggest that RPGRIP is also required for disk morphogenesis, putatively by regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The latter hypothesis may be consistent with a distant homology between the C-terminal domain of RPGRIP and an actin-fragmin kinase, predicted by fold recognition algorithms. A defect in RPGRIP encompasses loss of both functions, hence the more severe clinical manifestation as LCA.
Genetic defects in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) and the RPGR-interacting protein (RPGRIP) are known causes of RP and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), respectively (1, 2). The function of RPGR is not fully understood. Its N-terminal half has sequence homology to RCC1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ran GTPase. RPGRIP was isolated as a protein that interacted with RPGR in yeast two-hybrid screens (3–5). RPGRIP binds to the RCC1 homology domain of RPGR via its C-terminal portion. Toward its N-terminal portion, there is a region of 330 residues predicted to form a coiled-coil structure. In contrast to RPGR, which is expressed widely, RPGRIP expression is confined to retinal photoreceptors.
Both proteins were found to localize in the connecting cilium (CC) of photoreceptors. On the basis that RPGRIP exhibited a stronger association with the ciliary axoneme and that the CC localization of RPGRIP remained unchanged in mice lacking RPGR, it was proposed that RPGRIP was likely the primary resident protein in the CC, whereas RPGR localized in this cellular compartment via binding to RPGRIP (5, 6). The CC localization of these two proteins provides clues about their in vivo functions. The photoreceptor CC is the only link between the cell body and the outer segment. It is structurally analogous to the transitional zone of motile cilia (7). The CC, together with the outer segment, can be considered a modified cilium in which the distal portion elaborates stacks of photosensitive disk membranes. The outer segment is renewed daily, a process in which new membranes are added at the base to form new disks and older ones are shed at the tip (8, 9). Proteins destined for the outer segments must pass through the CC against steep concentration gradients. Thus the CC must regulate active protein transport and restrict their redistribution. A second role of the CC relates to disk morphogenesis. Nascent disks are formed by evagination of the plasma membranes at the distal CC (10). This process depends on an F-actin network located at the distal end of the CC (11), which appears during photoreceptor maturation just before the discs form (12). This actin network is seemingly unique to photoreceptors, because it is absent from motile cilia or flagella, suggesting that photoreceptors have a unique mechanism of using F-actin in elaborating disk membranes (13). Indeed, interference with actin filament polymerization by cytochalasin D inhibits initiation of membrane evagination and new disk formation (14, 15). As resident proteins of the CC, RPGRIP and RPGR may therefore participate in aspects of protein trafficking through the CC and/or disk morphogenesis.
To investigate the in vivo function of RPGRIP and the in vivo relevance of the physical interaction between RPGRIP and RPGR, we analyzed mice carrying a targeted disruption in the RPGRIP gene. Our data show that RPGRIP is essential for RPGR function and separately is also required for normal disk morphogenesis.
Materials and Methods
Generation of RPGRIP-Targeted Mice.
Genomic fragments spanning exons 5–6 and exons 14–15 were amplified by PCR from 129/Sv mouse genomic DNA. These fragments, 1.6 and 4.5 kb in length, respectively, were cloned into the vector pGT-N29 flanking the neor gene to generate the targeting vector. The targeting vector was linearized and electroporated into J1 embryonic stem (ES) cells, and neomycin-resistant colonies were selected. Two ES clones were identified in which the targeting vector was inserted between exons 14 and 15 of the RPGRIP gene. Both targeted clones were microinjected into C57BL/6 blastocysts to generate chimeras, which were crossed with C57BL/6 mice, and two independent lines of mutant mice were derived. Subsequent analyses showed that RPGRIP expression was ablated in both lines of mutants, and that their early retinal phenotype was identical. Therefore, only one of the lines was expanded and used for detailed phenotype analyses. The genotype of mice was determined by PCR. PCR primers for the targeted allele were P1 (5′-CTGGAGCGGCTGAATCACCTC) and P2 (5′-GGTCTCAGAGATTTACCTACCGTCTC). PCR primers for the WT allele were P1 and P3 (5′-GAGATCTGTGTGCCCCTGCCTC). Mice lacking both RPGRIP and RPGR (6) were generated by crossing them for two generations to obtain doubly homozygous mutants.
Antibodies, Immunoblotting, Immunofluorescence, and Retinal Phenotype Analyses.
A His-tagged fusion protein encompassing residues 2–222 of mouse RPGRIP was produced in Escherichia coli and used to immunize a rabbit. A polyclonal RPGRIP antibody targeting the C terminus of RPGRIP was described previously (6). The RPGR antibody (RPGR-S1) targets residues 494–563 of mouse RPGR (GenBank accession no. NP_035415), common to all known splice variants of RPGR. Mouse blue and green cone opsin antibodies were raised in chicken against the peptide sequences CRKPMADESDVSGSQKT and FGKKVDDSSELSSTSKT, respectively. The monoclonal anti-Rhodopsin antibody rho 1D4 and the chicken anti-RP1 antibody were described (16, 17). Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed as described (5). Retinal phenotypes were examined by histology and electroretinogram (ERG), performed as described (18).
Yeast Two-Hybrid Assays.
Yeast two-hybrid screening was performed by using the GAL4 system 3 (CLONTECH) as described (5). Four baits were constructed. F1 consisted of residues 1–820 of RPGRIP. F2, predicted to form a coiled-coil structure, consisted of residues 214–550. F3 spanned residues 1002–1345, which included the RPGR-binding region. The full-length RPGRIP was also constructed into a bait plasmid (FL).
Transient Expression in COS-7 Cells.
COS-7 cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS at 37°C in 5% CO2. Transfection was carried out by using the Geneshuttle 40 reagent (Quantum, Durham, NC) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RPGRIP fragments matching the F1, F2, and F3 baits and the full-length RPGRIP sequences were inserted into the pEGFP-C2 vector (CLONTECH) to generate the expression constructs. After transient transfection, recombinant proteins were visualized with the aid of the enhanced GFP tag.
Amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of RPGRIP was submitted to the ffas (19) fold prediction server and compared with a database of sequence profiles representing proteins with known 3D structures. The best-matching family was that of actin-fragmin kinase (AFK) from slime mold Physarum polycephalum (20). The statistical significance of the prediction (e value, 0.48 in our internal tests of the ffas server) indicates an ≈95% fold assignment accuracy. The plausibility of the alignment was further corroborated by the agreement in the predicted secondary structure of RPGRIP as well as the reasonable quality of the 3D model (data not shown).
Generation of RPGRIP Mutant Mice.
The murine RPGRIP gene was disrupted by gene targeting (Fig. 1A). From among 800 drug-resistant clones screened, two targeted clones were identified. Closer examination found that in these clones the 3′ arms underwent homologous recombination, whereas the 5′ arm was inserted (Fig. 1A). Because this RPGRIP allele was disrupted by a large insert containing three duplicated exons and the neor gene, it was deemed most likely to be an insertionally inactivated allele. Both embryonic stem clones were injected into C57BL/6 blastocysts, and both were transmitted through the germ lines. Mice homozygous for the targeted allele were produced at the expected Mendelian ratio from heterozygous crosses. RT-PCR and sequencing analyses of the homozygous mutant retinas found a premature stop in the mRNA by using the primer pair P1 and P3 (Fig. 1A). Ablation of RPGRIP was also demonstrated by immunoblotting (Fig. 1 B and C) and by immunofluorescence (refer to Fig. 2C) analyses. It was possible that an N-terminal truncated RPGRIP polypeptide could be synthesized (≈500 residues out of the 1,331-residue full length protein); immunoblotting analysis by using the N-terminal antibody (Fig. 1C) suggests that a truncated RPGRIP polypeptide does not substantially accumulate in photoreceptors. Given that mice heterozygous for the mutant allele do not exhibit a retinal phenotype (see below), this allele is likely to lead to a loss of function. It is noted that human RPGIRP mutant alleles in patients with recessive LCA (2) have nonsense mutations located further downstream from the site of disruption in the mouse mutant allele described here.
Retinal Phenotype of RPGRIP−/− Mice.
The RPGRIP−/− mice appeared healthy, were fertile, and were similar in general growth characteristics to their WT and heterozygous littermates. Mice heterozygous for the targeted allele, followed up to 6 mo of age both by ERG and by histology (data not shown), did not show any photoreceptor abnormality. The RPGRIP−/− mice initially developed a full complement of photoreceptors, as judged by the thickness of the photoreceptor nuclear layer (Fig. 2A). The photoreceptors, however, were never fully normal even at the earliest age tested [postnatal day (P)15]. The outer segments appeared disorganized, and there were pyknotic nuclei, indicative of ongoing cell death. Photoreceptor cell loss was near completion by 3 mo of age (Fig. 2A). This course of disease was more severe than that seen in mice lacking RPGR, which lost nearly all of their cones (not shown) and two-thirds of their rods by 2 yr of age (Fig. 2A). The disease courses of the mouse models are consistent with the differential disease severity in human patients carrying RPGRIP or RPGR mutations (2, 21), indicating conserved physiological functions and pathogenic mechanisms between the murine and human genes.
Being a highly polarized neuron, the photoreceptor outer segment and the cell body have vastly different protein distributions. To determine whether protein localization was affected in photoreceptors lacking RPGRIP, we carried out immunofluorescence staining for a battery of photoreceptor-specific proteins in young (≈P20) RPGRIP−/− mouse retinas. These included rod and cone opsins, arrestin, transducin, cGMP phosphodiesterase, cGMP-gated cationic channel, peripherin/RDS, and Rom-1. With the exception of rod and cone opsins, these proteins were found correctly localized. Rod and cone opsins, normally segregated to the outer segments, were partially mislocalized in the cell bodies (Fig. 2B). The degree of cone opsin mislocalization was similar to that of RPGR−/− mice at the same age (6) and therefore might be explained by the loss of RPGR function (see below). Given the grossly abnormal disks at an even younger age (P15; see Fig. 3) and the propensity of rhodopsin to lose its polarized distribution in degenerating photoreceptors regardless of the primary defect (22), the rhodopsin mislocalization in the RPGRIP−/− photoreceptors could be attributed at least in part to the disruption of the outer segment disks.
The RP1 protein, required for photoreceptor viability, was reported to localize in the CC (17). We therefore examined whether loss of RPGRIP disrupted the subcellular localization of RP1. We found that the staining pattern of RP1 was comparable in WT and the RPGRIP−/− retinas (Fig. 2C; green), thus excluding RP1 mislocalization as part of the pathogenic process. Interestingly, our finding also suggests that RP1 is primarily localized distal to the CC and most likely along microtubules in the proximal outer segments.
A number of photoreceptor proteins also exhibit light-dependent movement between the inner and outer segments (23, 24). We asked whether this process might be impaired due to loss of RPGRIP. By immunofluorescence, we found that in RPGRIP−/− mice, both arrestin and α-transducin moved light-dependently with a comparable kinetics as in WT mice (data not shown), indicating that RPGRIP does not participate in this process. Together our data suggest that RPGRIP is not essential for transporting proteins across the CC, whether constitutive or light-triggered, nor is it required for restricting protein redistribution across the CC.
Although morphologically abnormal, both rod and cone photoreceptors were able to respond to light as assayed by ERG. At 20–30 days of age, dark-adapted (rod) ERG analysis showed both a greatly reduced maximum amplitude and a reduced sensitivity in the RPGRIP−/− mice (Fig. 2D). Cone ERGs also showed reduced amplitude. Because RPGRIP does not reside in the outer segments, where phototransduction takes place, it is unlikely that RPGRIP directly participates in this process. Disruption of the outer segment structure and loss of photoreceptors, on the other hand, could account for the impaired ERG responses.
Grossly Expanded Disks in RPGRIP−/− Mice.
Because RPGRIP was a resident protein in the CC, we examined by electron microscopy whether loss of RPGRIP led to a defective CC structure (Fig. 3A). The known ultrastructural details (7), such as the array of the 9+0 microtubule doublets, transmembrane assemblages, and ciliary necklaces, were all found to be comparable in the mutant and WT photoreceptors. These data suggest that RPGRIP is not essential for the development or maintenance of the core CC structure.
Ultrastructural examination of the outer segment disks proved informative (Fig. 3 B–D). In the RPGRIP mutant photoreceptors at P15, disk diameters were greatly expanded to several-fold the normal size. Stacks of disk membranes were frequently arranged parallel to the long axis of the outer segments instead of the normal perpendicular orientation. The altered disk orientation presumably resulted from the inability of the interphotoreceptor space to accommodate the oversized disks. Such disk defect was not seen in the RPGR mutant. The disk morphology of the RPGRIP mutant is reminiscent of the abnormal disk morphogenesis induced by cytochalasin D (14), which inhibits actin filament polymerization. There was no accumulation of extracellular vesicles in the RPGRIP−/− retinas such as those reported in several retinal disease models (25–27).
Dependence of RPGR on RPGRIP for Localization in the CC.
Availability of the RPGRIP−/− and RPGR−/− mutant models provided an excellent opportunity to test their functional relationship in vivo. To determine which protein was the primary CC resident, or whether these proteins localized here independently, we examined the subcellular localization of RPGRIP and RPGR in mice lacking either protein (Fig. 4A). We found that the CC localization of RPGR was abolished in mice lacking RPGRIP but not vice versa. These data demonstrate that RPGRIP binds to the core structure of the CC, whereas RPGR localizes to the CC through binding to RPGRIP.
Disruption of stable protein interactions frequently leaves components of the complex destabilized. Because the CC is a minute structure relative to the entire cell, the released RPGR was not expected to be of sufficient abundance to produce ectopic staining, nor did we see ectopic RPGR in the RPGRIP−/− photoreceptors. This, however, left open the possibility that absence of RPGR in the CC might be due to reduced RPGR synthesis or stability. To rule out this scenario, mutant and WT retinal homogenates were analyzed by immunoblotting (Fig. 4B). RPGR from WT and RPGRIP−/− retinas was found to be at similar abundance. Therefore, RPGR was present but mislocalized in RPGRIP−/− photoreceptors. Similarly, RPGRIP was also found in comparable amounts in WT and RPGR−/− retinas. Thus in the case of RPGR-RPGRIP interaction, loss of either component has little effect on the accumulation of the other. This could be interpreted as indicating that these two proteins do not cofold or exist in a permanent complex. Instead, the RPGRIP–RPGR interaction may be transient or dynamically regulated.
Loss of RPGRIP Is Inclusive of an RPGR Defect.
Alternative mechanisms could be envisioned to explain the greater disease severity associated with loss of RPGRIP. First, RPGRIP may be required both for RPGR function and for a second cellular process. Second, RPGRIP may be required only for RPGR function, but the free RPGR migrates to an ectopic location (e.g., the outer segment), where it disrupts disk formation. Third, RPGRIP and RPGR may perform fully independent functions despite their physical proximity. As an initial test of these hypotheses, we generated mice doubly homozygous for the RPGRIP and RPGR mutations and examined them by histology and ERG at ≈20 days of age and by histology at 45 days of age (data not shown). The double mutant had a disease phenotype indistinguishable from the RPGRIP single mutant. This outcome is consistent with the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis predicted a less severe disease because a deleterious effect of free RPGR would have been removed. Had the third hypothesis been correct, the disease might have been more severe, because two independent insults are likely to produce an additive effect.
Formation of Stable RPGRIP Polymer.
To explore how RPGRIP itself was targeted to the core CC structure, we carried out yeast two-hybrid screens by using several regions of RPGRIP as baits (Fig. 5A). These screens did not identify known constituents of the CC or centrosome. However, RPGRIP itself was identified by all three baits as a binding partner. On further analysis by cotransformation in yeast, the coiled-coil region of RPGRIP exhibited homotypic binding, whereas the C-terminal tail (RPGR-binding domain) interacted with the coiled-coil region (Fig. 5B). These observations were followed up by transient expression in COS cells. The coiled-coil region produced large dots (Fig. 5C Left), indicating formation of homopolymer but no elongated fibers. The tail domain contained a tripartite nuclear localization signal, which may explain its partial nuclear localization (Fig. 5C Center). Only the full-length RPGRIP formed detergent-insoluble fibers (Fig. 5C Right). These data suggest that the coiled-coil region of RPGRIP mediates homodimer formation, whereas interaction between the coiled-coil and the tail domains may account for the formation of elongated higher-order polymers. By immunoelectron microscopy, RPGRIP was seen external to the microtubule arrays in the CC (5). We therefore propose that RPGRIP exists as elongated homopolymers situated between the axonemal microtubules and the plasma membrane. How RPGRIP is tethered to the core CC structure remains unresolved.
RPGRIP May Be Distantly Related to an AFK.
Using recently updated fold recognition algorithm ffas (19), we identified a possible distant homology between the C-terminal domain of RPGRIP and an AFK from the slime mold P. polycephalum. A homology alignment between the C-terminal domain of RPGRIP and AFK is shown in Fig. 6. The strongest conservation patterns were found in regions typical for AFK only but not for kinases in general. Even in the catalytic region (blue), shared by a broader group of kinases, the strongest homology resides in the additional α-helical region present only in AFK. Interestingly other regions typical for AFK are conserved as well, such as the exterior helices (red) and the wrapping loop structure situated on the other side of the structure away from the catalytic region.
This study demonstrates two in vivo roles of RPGRIP. First, RPGRIP retains RPGR in the CC. In the absence of RPGRIP, RPGR is diffusely mislocalized in photoreceptors and is unlikely to execute its normal function. Thus the consequence of a defective RPGRIP includes the loss of RPGR function as well. This interpretation is consistent with the RPGRIP/RPGR double homozygotes being phenotypically indistinguishable from the RPGRIP single mutant.
Second, loss of RPGRIP leads to a profound defect in disk formation, indicating a role for RPGRIP in disk morphogenesis. Disk morphogenesis can be disrupted by different mechanisms. Several structural proteins are required that include peripherin/RDS, ROM-1, and rhodopsin, the latter because of its sheer abundance. Inactivation or reduced dosage involving these genes leads to characteristic defects or a complete lack of disk formation (28–32). A disruption in protein trafficking can also lead to an insufficient amount of these proteins reaching the outer segments and thus to abnormal disk formation. Often, when protein trafficking is the primary target of a gene mutation in rodent models, accumulation of rhodopsin-bearing vesicles is seen transiently at the early stage of disease (25–27, 33). This has been suggested to result from accumulation of rhodopsin at the inner-segment plasma membranes and from aberrant budding. Accumulation of rhodopsin-bearing vesicles is not seen in the RPGRIP−/− retinas. In contrast, the cytochalasin D-induced defect (13–15), characterized by cessation of new disk evagination but continued addition of membranes to existing disks, reflects perturbation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In vivo, these mechanistic differences can be difficult to distinguish on the basis of phenotype analyses, in part due to the secondary effects of degeneration. In many instances, overlapping mechanisms may be at work. Despite these potential pitfalls in inferring disease mechanism from photoreceptor phenotypes, it is worth noting that RPGRIP−/− photoreceptors exhibit profoundly distorted disks with comparatively modest protein mislocalization, some of which could be attributed to a loss of RPGR function alone. The morphological defect in the RPGRIP−/− photoreceptors is most consistent with new disks being initiated at a reduced rate so that fewer but larger disks are formed. Although somewhat speculative, these observations implicate the cellular machinery at the CC controlling cytoskeleton dynamics as being affected by the loss of RPGRIP.
The above interpretation is supported by additional evidence suggesting a link between RPGRIP and the actin cytoskeletons, i.e., a distant homology between the C-terminal domain of RPGRIP and AFK (Fig. 6). Actin–fragmin complex is the in vivo substrate for AFK, and phosphorylation by AFK controls the F-actin capping activity of the complex. Fragmin is a member of the gelsolin family and has been implicated in cellular processes requiring rapid actin cytoskeleton reorganization. A gelsolin-like protein (the mammalian homolog of Drosophila flightless I) is highly enriched in the CC of mammalian photoreceptors (34), which in complex with actin could serve as a substrate for an AFK-like kinase activity. We propose that RPGRIP may be part of the multiprotein complex that regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization during new disk formation. Molecular identification of this complex will await future studies.
We thank Drs. V. Arshavsky (Harvard Medical School), R. Molday (University of British Columbia, Vancouver), and E. Pierce (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia) for antibodies. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants EY10309, EY10581 (to T.L.), and GM60049 (to M.G. and A.G.), and by the Foundation Fighting Blindness.
↵§ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tli{at}meei.harvard.edu.
This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.
- retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator;
- RPGR-interacting protein;
- Leber congenital amaurosis;
- connecting cilium;
- electroretinogram;
- Pn,
- postnatal day n
- Received December 3, 2002.
- Copyright © 2003, The National Academy of Sciences
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- Boylan J P,
- Wright A F
- Roepman R,
- Bernoud-Hubac N,
- Schick D E,
- Maugeri A,
- Berger W,
- Ropers H-H,
- Cremers F P M,
- Ferreira P A
- ↵
- Hong D H,
- Yue G,
- Adamian M,
- Li T
- ↵
- Hong D H,
- Pawlyk B S,
- Shang J,
- Sandberg M A,
- Berson E L,
- Li T
- ↵
- Bloodgood R A
- Besharse J C,
- Horst C J
- ↵
- Young R W
- ↵
- Young R W,
- Bok D
- ↵
- ↵
- Chaitin M H,
- Schneider B G,
- Hall M O,
- Papermaster D S
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Vaughan D K,
- Fisher S K
- ↵
- Osborne N,
- Chader G
- Molday R
- ↵
- Liu Q,
- Zhou J,
- Daiger S P,
- Farber D B,
- Heckenlively J R,
- Smith J E,
- Sullivan L S,
- Zuo J,
- Milam A H,
- Pierce E A
- ↵
- Li T,
- Sandberg M A,
- Pawlyk B S,
- Rosner B,
- Hayes K C,
- Dryja T P,
- Berson E L
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Sharon D,
- Bruns G A,
- McGee T L,
- Sandberg M A,
- Berson E L,
- Dryja T P
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Hagstrom S A,
- Adamian M,
- Scimeca M,
- Pawlyk B S,
- Yue G,
- Li T
- ↵
- Pazour G J,
- Baker S A,
- Deane J A,
- Cole D G,
- Dickert B L,
- Rosenbaum J L,
- Witman G B,
- Besharse J C
- ↵
- Molday R,
- Hicks D,
- Molday L
- ↵
- Lem J,
- Krasnoperova N V,
- Calvert P D,
- Kosaras B,
- Cameron D A,
- Nicolo M,
- Makino C L,
- Sidman R L
- ↵
- Li T,
- Snyder W K,
- Olsson J E,
- Dryja T P
- ↵

subset: commoncrawl


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These days people use lawyers for all sorts of different reasons. It can be overwhelming if you don't have experience with lawyers. You not only need to feel comfortable with them, you need to understand how an attorney will charge you, and what process to follow for communicating with him or her. You should consider what you're about to read to help you find a lawyer.
You might feel like choosing the first lawyer you visit. Be certain you research properly, since there might be bad consequences if you don't do that! Talk to people you know and form a good picture of what a lawyer is like before you retain him or her.
If your case is of criminal nature, then you need to immediately get in contact with and hire a lawyer. You should avoid saying anything personal to your lawyer because this could cause you to harm your chances of winning. In addition, you might accidentally break the law. Lawyers are qualified to handle such matters on your behalf.
Prior to looking for a lawyer, carefully examine your issue. You might not need a lawyer at all. You will need an attorney if you're going through a divorce, are being sued, or you are charged with criminal activity. Maybe you need a lawyer to deal with an estate. Maybe you just need a lawyer's advice about a business matter, or something personal. Find the right lawyer to talk to.
A real estate lawyer is a necessity if your legal problem has to do with either buying or selling a home. This will help you to be sure that you can deal with the case quickly and get a judgment in your favor so you have a good outcome.
A lawyer referral service could be exactly what you need. This type of service can locate a lawyer for you. These service differ in quality; some services do a better job in listing only attorneys who have have certain qualifications or experience. Other services will list lawyers who meet the standards of the state bar. Find out what their standards are before using a referral service for this very important decision.
You need to communicate with your lawyer on a regular basis. If deadlines are imminent, make sure the lawyer receives everything necessary to help him or her succeed. It can only help you in the end.
You will be able to save some money and time if you're ready with information, as well as paperwork, prior to having a consultation. They can easily give you an estimate, in this case. Efficiency is key to saving yourself some dough.
Remember that lawyers are not miracle workers. If someone tells you that your case is a slam dunk, that should raise red flags. Law does not come with guarantees, and therefore, you should be skeptical if a lawyer says he or she never loses.
You have to prepare for a lawyer, regardless of why you are getting an attorney. Keep in mind the advice in this article when you need to get a lawyer. It is great advice that is going to make your legal issues much less stressful.


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PCRF Plum District Deal: Half Off 5K Walk Registration!
Friday April 1, 2011see more by jen
Like you NEEDED a reason to join all the fun we are having over at Team Tiny Oranges raising money for the Pediatric Cancer Research Foundation Cinco de Mayo Run Walk on May 1st, but on 4/1 and 4/2, Plum District is offering HALF OFF the registration price for the 5K walk for adults ($17.50 with the Plum Deal) and kids ($9 with the Plum Deal) in a last month effort to get the most people out there participating for this amazing cause!
Sign up to join us on May 1st and be a part of an incredible family event full of remembrance and hope. The Kids Zone (<– Click to see all the fun festivities!) will be open this year until 1pm so there will be a ton of fun things to do for the entire family.
1. Click HERE to see this deal. The coupon code will be in the left hand column.
2. Then, to join our team, CLICK HERE, then click "JOIN OUR TEAM" at the top and it will walk you through registration.
3. In the registration form, it will ask you to enter a DISCOUNT CODE, in which you can put your plum code to get the discount.
I hope to see you on May 1st!
{Disclosure: Tiny Oranges is a Plum District Affiliate, but this deal is for charity, so no monetary connection is involved!}


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This news website is an effort to add a little bit of new to the task already done by many others to bring facts to people about their society, polity and various other areas of their life to help them take informed decisions and make informed choices as individuals and as citizens of a democratic country.
Besides our regular contributors who are very senior journalists, our website subscribes to three leading news agencies to bring information from remotest corners of the world.
The website, which is gaining more viewership with every passing day, covers a vast range of subjects, including politics, world affairs, business, industry, trade and economy, law, legislation, health, environment, science and technology, education, sports and entertainment, arts and culture and development etc.
Naz Asghar,
New Delhi, India


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3 November, 2017 by Richard
The up-close encounters with Sumatran tigers in the newest addition are a highlight of Tiger Island.
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The content of this website is provided for information purposes only. No claim is made as to the accuracy or currency of the content on this site at any time.
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Facebook has introduced a "tip" system in its apps for those who livestream video game play through the social network. It's a smaller part of Facebook's Gaming Creator Pilot Program, introduced in January, which included a tip jar for selected live streamers payable through the website.
Now, Facebook has updated its Android and iOS app with in-app payments called supporter packages, which cost $5 on iOS and between $1 and $100 on Android. These can be used to make payments to those live streaming video games.
Video game live streamers have a wide choice of platforms through which to broadcast, with Twitch and YouTube being most popular. Twitch doesn't officially support donations, or tips, but does operate a subscription system, along with ads. YouTube also offers ad payouts.


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Paint Repair Franchise Adelaide
Use a paint repair franchise in Adelaide to renew your car's looks
Over time, any car can begin to show its age. Bumpers can be scuffed, wheel arches begin to rust or degrade and stone chips will appear. In addition small dents can accumulate from careless people opening their doors in car parks. All these things mean that if you want to retain your cars good looks, you may need to use a paint repair franchise in Adelaide.
A paint repair franchise in Adelaide will have many tricks up their sleeve to fix dents and dings in your cars paintwork and generally give your car a makeover. Renewing your cars paintwork will not only make your car look nicer, but will also restore its value. When you come to sell your car, proving that you have spent time on money looking after it will be a big selling factor.
Don't worry about being without your car if you decide to use a paint repair franchise in Adelaide. Many repairs to your paintwork or car bodywork can be done using a mobile service. Many repairs can be carried out at your home, at your workplace, or any other location you choose. Most minor or medium damage can be repaired, including bumper scratches, and cracks or dents. Repairing paintwork, dents and other damage will be a fraction of the cost of replacing panels or bumpers, so you will find using a paint repair franchise in Adelaide is a convenient and cost effective solution.


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Topology of Shapes, Persistent Homology and Point Clouds: Where Does it Take Us?
When viewed from the outside, a human brain appears as a volume with a highly wrinkled surface having numerous long crevices. Sulcal fundi are 3D curves that lie in the depths of the cerebral cortex; informally, the fundus of a sulcus is the curve of maximal average depth that spans the length of the sulcus. The sulcal fundi serve as anatomical landmarks, `segmenting' the cortex into functionally distinct regions. They are often used as landmarks for downstream computations in brain imaging and can be used in creating deformation fields for warping the cortical surfaces of different brains onto one another.
The notion of shape is a complex and somewhat nebulous concept. Topology is the mathematical subject that permits us to precisely measure and represent (in compressed fashion) shapes, both for standard notions of shape in two and three dimensions and for analogues in much higher dimensions.
One form of this measurement of shape comes through a sophisticated form of counting occurrences of patterns in shapes, called homology theory. One thing which can be extracted from homology theory is a collection of integers bk , called the Betti numbers, one for every non-negative number k, which perform counts of features such as loops in the shape. For instance, the first Betti number measures the presence of loops in a shape, so that the first Betti number of a capital letter A would be 1, and the first Betti number of a capital letter B would be 2. Note that this provides a robust way of distinguishing between these two letters, in the sense that these features are independent of the choice of fonts for the letter and of the angle at which the letters are viewed.
A striking development over the last 10-15 years has been the extension of this methodology (via a method called persistent homology) from completely specified shapes to shapes that are only known by some finite sample from them. These samples are called point clouds. In this case, we must replace the Betti numbers by more sensitive objects called persistence barcodes, which are just finite collection of intervals. The picture below illustrates a simple such situation.
The sampled object has a round, loop-like shape, and the barcode signals the presence of the loop via the presence of a long segment. The shorter segments are thought of as representing noise. If there were two loops in the point cloud, then we would see two long bars in the barcode.
This method can be used to study the shape of various kinds of objects coming up in science. One such example arises in the study of evolution, and has been described in the papers [1], [2]. One often thinks of the process of evolution as producing the so-called tree of life [3], with organisms, past and present, making up a shape in which nodes corresponding to particular organisms split into two or more descendants.
This kind of structure corresponds to clonal evolution, but when other forms of evolution, such as horizontal gene transfer, are involved, the structure of the point clouds are not tree like, but actually include loops. It is shown in [2] that one can often detect loops in data sets coming from viral evolution, and that they represent non-clonal evolutionary events. This appears to be only the starting point for the study of evolution using these methods. Numerous other applications of persistent homology have been developed, and are described in [1].
The figure below shows persistence barcodes and accompanying complexes for two different viral evolution situations, one with clonal evolution and the other with a non-clonal mechanism.
[1] G. Carlsson, Topological pattern recognition for point cloud data, Acta Numerica 23 (2014), 289-368.
[2] J. Chan, G. Carlsson, and R. Rabadan, Topology of viral evolution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 (2013), no. 46, 18566-18571.
[3] F. Delsuc, H. Brinkmann, and H. Philippe. Phylogenomics and the reconstruction of the tree of life, Nature Reviews Genetics 6.5 (2005): 361-375.


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Richmond Jewish Community Hub
Forthcoming events - Richmond Jewish Community Hub>
Richmond Jewish Community Hub was created in 2018 as an inclusive cultural centre for the Jewish community of South West London. Based in the beautifully functional building of the Richmond Synagogue, RJCH is bringing a fresh wave of creativity and energy to the area. It wouldn't have been possible without the support of The United Synagogue Community Development Fund.
Our Vision
Our vision is for the RJCH to be a hub of Jewish activity at the heart of the South West London Jewish Community. We seek to build an invigorated community infused with a fresh sense of unity and connected by strong Jewish values, a love for arts and culture, a passion for education, and a strong feeling of belonging.
Our Role
RJCH provides a place and programme of outstanding activities, clubs, courses and vibrant events that serve the whole Jewish community, regardless of age, denomination or level of observance.
We do this by:
• Reaching out to and building relationships with the diverse South West London Community
• Listening to the kind of events that best serve this community and working to deliver on the needs identified
• Acting as host to create a space where all feel welcome, appreciated, engaged and inspired.
Website (opens in new window or tab)


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Perfect For Lunch With Friends
Looking for a new dining experience? Then stop by Foundations Restaurant on the Tulsa campus of Platt College in Oklahoma. It's great for a casual lunch at an affordable price. Featuring American and internationally influenced modern cuisine, you'll get to support Platt College's up-and-coming culinary students while giving them real-world restauranteering experience.
You will find something you love when you join us at Foundations Restaurant for lunch. Our lunch menu features sandwiches, entrees, soups, and salads, great for that quick afternoon pick-me-up with friends or coworkers.
View the Lunch Menu.
Hours of Operation
Tues. – Fri. 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Foundations Restaurant is located at 3717 South Sheridan Road, conveniently off Interstate 44 at Platt College – Tulsa campus, Oklahoma.
Visit our Facebook page.


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How can you move forward if you've been injured by a prescription drug or medical device? Learn about mass torts and how to protect your future.
- Page 1
Johnson & Johnson Ends Sales of Talcum Powder in the U.S. 120 years after first being sold in the U.S., Johnson & Johnson talcum-based baby powder sales will end. Learn more about the company's decision here.
The Risks of Truvada There has been an increase in the number of injuries claimed by users of the drug Truvada. Speak to our experienced attorneys today for more information!
Kentucky Pharmacies Notify Customers of Valsartan Recall Pharmacies across Kentucky are notifying customers about a recall for the drug Valsartan. We're investigating these cases and offering free consultations.
Actemra Lawsuits for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Rheumatoid Arthritis drug Actemra has been linked to heart attacks, strokes, and more.
RA Drug Actemra Linked to Heart Attack, Stroke, in New Study Actemra, used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis, has been linked to severe side effects including heart attack, stroke, and death. Learn more about Actemra here.
IVC Filter Injury Lawsuits Learn about IVC filter injuries, two specific cases handled by Gray and White Law, and what to do if you or a loved one has been hurt by an IVC filter.
Compensation for Defective Hip Replacement In Kentucky Costs associated with a failed hip implant can reach $100,000 or more. We can help you hold the manufacturer accountable and get the compensation you deserve.
Risks of Replacing Defective Shoulder Implant When a shoulder replacement device fails, the patient may face life-threatening results. Find out the risks and options for legal help.
Increase in Hernia Mesh Injuries From Laparoscopic Surgeries One reason hernia repair injuries are becoming more and more common is the increased use of mesh products.
Risk of Abdominal Adhesions From Hernia Mesh Implant Adhesions are a serious result from many surgical operations, but hernia repair involving surgical mesh seems to put patients at higher risk. We explain here.
Are IVC Filters Worth the Risk for Trauma Patients? IVC filters may not lower the risk of death for trauma patients and may instead present new risks for them. Find out more about a recent study and your rights.
Genetic Causes of Ovarian Cancer Affect Baby Powder Cases What would happen if you had a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, you regularly used baby powder, and you developed ovarian cancer? Get the answers you need here.
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- Posted on 05/26/2020Johnson & Johnson Ends Sales of Talcum Powder in the U.S.
- Posted on 08/26/2019The Risks of Truvada
- Posted on 10/02/2018Kentucky Pharmacies Notify Customers of Valsartan Recall


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Introduction: Hack Together a Powerful Pocket USB Charger. (6.6 Amp Hour Battery)
Inside the well known altoids tin lies three 2,200 mah lithium ion batteries. All three are ran in parallel to create a 6,600 mah or 6.6 amp battery. Which triples the charge time! Meaning if one battery can charge your phone 75 percent than three can triple that! 75x3=225 percent!
This project was made using three individual 'powersticks' which had one 2,200 mah battery on the inside. I picked up three of these for a very nice price and decided to see if I could maybe combine all three batteries to create a longer lasting USB battery bank and I did just that. I know that working with lithium ion batteries can pose a risk when being worked on so let me clarify that I did take extreme caution when making this. After I made it I tested everything I could to ensure a safe hack.
Since the battery size has now evolved to 6,600 mah it will charge my phone longer which is good but it will also triple the charge time for the battery bank. The charge controller is rated at 1 amp and the package also suggests using a charger no higher than 1 amp to charge the battery. Since it is now a 6,600 mah battery it could take a few hours to charge depending on the charger used, but charging it while you sleep helps pass the time.
Be careful and do this project at your own risk!
Step 1: Things Needed
3 equal sized power stick phone chargers
soldering iron
wire clippers/ snippers
hot glue+gun
electrical tape
Step 2: Taking Apart the Power Sticks
These came apart in an easy but hard way. They actually unscrew at the top and the easiest way to unscrew them is to use a clamp or vice. I however lacked those tools and had to resort to using my needle nose pliers which took some time and damaged the USB ports. Not to worry! I have plenty of extras on deck.
Do this carefuly, unscrew the cap and slowly work the charge controller and battery out. Try keeping one charge controller in good shape as we will be needing it later.
Step 3: The Batteries.
Remove each battery from the charge controllers by clipping the connections then connect all three batteries together by joining all the positive leads together then all the negative leads together.
Since the negative leads on each battery were long enough I just folded them to join all three in the middle and soldered them together then soldered a black wire (for negative) to the joint as well. For the positive leads I had to strip a wire and join the leads by soldering that wire to each positive lead, I used a red wire for positive. After, I then wrapped some electrical tape over the exposed connections to insulate. The red and black wire will be soldered to the charge controller.
Running batteries in parallel is very easy, as I described. Simply combine all the positive leads together then combine all the negative leads together. I have included a simplified picture. Running batteries in parallel increases the run time. When joining batteries in parallel it is important to use batteries that have the same ratings. Never mix! Mixing unlike batteries can lead to fires.
Step 4: The Charge Controller.
We now need to solder the red and black wire from the 3 batteries in parallel back to a charge controller. Simply strip and tin the red and black wire then solder it to the controller keeping watch on polarity. Positive to positive, negative to negative.
In short we took apart three USB power sticks apart, freed the batteries from the charge controller, wired the batteries in parallel to triple the charge output time and resoldered the three batteries in parallel back to one charge controller. Pretty easy stuff :)
Step 5: Putting Everything Inside of an Enclosure.
The final product is far to big to fit back into the nice flashlight like tubes and we need an easy way to carry it. I decided to use an altoids tin because they are very common amongst the community here and it is easy to carry! I have seen a ton of pocket USB chargers formed inside of an altoids tin and I have always loved the look :)
insulate the tin with electrical tape and cut holes where needed. I had to cut a hole for the female USB and micro USB ports. Move the electronics in and hot glue to secure.
As I mentioned earlier I did extensive testing to ensure the safety of this build. It charges fully and discharges safely and emits very little heat when doing so. I am just saying this because I know there will be a few people saying that what I did was dangerous and all that jazz so I am trying to avoid that :)
Thats all folks! Thanks for viewing!
Check out my facebook page dedicated to DIY projects if you would like :)
Step 6: Test It. (added Step)
I would take a picture of it charging my phone but I use my phone (galaxy note2) to take the pictures for my projects. The multimeter reading 5 volts dc should suffice :)
The easiest way to test to see if everything works is to test the output with a volt meter. I would advise testing with a meter before a usb device such as your phone
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25 Discussions
why did you rip the top off ,because they screw off lolz
geart gob
Hi nice job how was the micro usb wired to charge cells ?
Can I just replace the lithium battery that is around 2300 mAh with a Panasonic 3000 mAh lithium ion battery?
This is a good project
I just made a project similar to this,.but i made my own case,altoid tin was nice,but unable to find it here.anyway thanks for giving time to check mine:
DIY Links:
iPhone/Smartphone DIY Powerbank
Mobile link:
Agreed with Kurt. Project is cool, but you may want to consider redesigning the power source.
Here are few reasons why:
1) Running batteries in parallel is always a bad idea
2) The controller board is only able to handle so much current. The limiting diode will blow, if it exceeds the limit(usually 1A for a regular charger).
You can actually replace all 3 units with cheaper alternative: my local radioelectronics store has 3.7V 5800mAh Lithium accumulators(~$4). In combination with really cheap 5V step-up converter and a simple resistor bridge to set output voltages for D+ and D- on your USB output will make it safer, smaller and lighter.
I understand your addressed concerns but since I have made this I have charged my phone well over 10 times and have yet to notice any issues. even after several tests.
While I applaud your creativity and enthusiasm, I have to warn you that this is not an ideal use of Lithium batteries.
To start, Lithium batteries are not something to play around with unless you really know what you are doing. I know you know this, and I know you mentioned it, but I still have to say it. They tend to explode when they are unhappy. Just saying.
Charge controllers for Li-on are specified for a certain number of cells, meaning they will not work correctly (long term) for more or less than they were designed to charge. Parallel batteries typically demand a special charge controller with multiple outputs. One or more of the cells will eventually settle at a different voltage level than the others, causing discharge from the other batteries into it. This is a recipe for disaster. You can sometimes combine other types of batteries in parallel without consequence, but definitely not Lithium based ones.
Although you didn't mention this, I have to state it because people are always confused on the matter...The mAh rating only specifies the capacity, not the discharge rate. In fact, it has absolutely nothing to do with the discharge rate. You can often estimate what the correct charge rate of the battery will be based on the mAh rating, but the discharge rate is a whole different animal, typically based on the internal architecture. For example a AAA cell can only source a fraction of the current that a D cell with the same voltage and Ah rating can.
True, combining three 2.2Ah in parallel does (somewhat) create one 6.6Ah battery pack. However, it does not in any way increase the discharge rate into a circuit, just the potential for a higher discharge. Your device itself has a charging circuit built in that determines how much current it wants to draw while charging. You can put an infinite number of batteries in parallel and it will not charge your device any faster. Again, I know you didn't say that it would speed up the charging time of the device (just the time to charge the battery pack itself), but I have to mention this because most people have absolutely no idea how any of this stuff works.
As for insulating the tin, you should look into a product called "plasti-dip" which is basically liquid plastic in a spray can. It is perfect for this type of application.
I never said it would increase the discharge rate. it I outputs one amp. I said it would triple the charge time. meaning if one battery can charge your phone say 50 percent than three can charge it 150 percent. as I have proven that to be true. one unmodified battery charged my galaxy note 2 about 65 percent now with three it charges it to 100 percent plus some. 65x3=195 percent. I have monitored this closely and it discharges and charges without any problems. I do understand your concerns though. I have done my research on the application and its looking pretty good as of right now. I will look into plastic dip! kinda like flex seal?
I know you didn't say that, hence this: Although you didn't mention this, I have to state it because people are always confused on the matter...
And yes, plasti-dip is similar to flex seal, but it is a bit less expensive. Either will probably work fine. Also, plasti-dip usually sprays on smooth while flex-seal can leave a very rocky looking finish.
What do you mean by "it outputs one amp?" Do you mean it is capable of sourcing one amp? Just clarifying... Like I mentioned before, it's the device itself that decides how much current to draw. It's why you can often safely use different USB chargers from difference devices, as long as they can each source the minimum amount of current.
thank u
the charge controller will output 1 amp meaning it's the most a device can draw. I'll have to look into plastic dip for future projects
I notice you are in school for electronics, which is really the only reason I have said much of anything - trying to teach you something that will help in the future. With that said, this isn't a constant current driver, so it will not output 1 amp. However, it can source up to 1 amp. It's not the same thing, and the wording can get you into trouble, especially if you get it in you head that something like this actually is sourcing 1 amp all of the time.
Thank you for the Instructable. I may give this a try soon. I've seen these sticks around, I take it that one would re-charge the stick via a USB connection to say, a laptop or desktop? Have you considered adding, or someway intergrating solar technology to re-charge your battery sticks? That would be pretty cool!
you're welcome. :) I would advise using a usb port from a wall charger. I haven't tested the current draw and if it's higher than 600 ma it could damage the usb port on a computer. I would love to incorporate solar power to recharge this but maybe for another build. since the battery capacity is 6,600 ma it would take weeks of direct sunlight to charge using a panel that would fit on top of the tin. maybe in the future it would be possible :)
"insulate the tin--" How, with what?
You can also insulate the inside of the tin with plastic dip, sold at your local hardware. You can apply it with a brush, or using their spray on cans. They also have various colors too; red, blue, white, yellow, etc. I personally like the one I can apply with using a brush, I get better control.
my go-to is hot glue.
with anything that won't conduct. :) I used electrical tape.


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ESRI: Lone parents better off not working because of 'extremely high childcare costs'
Almost one in five lone parents are better off not working due to the cost of childcare, according to the ESRI.
New research shows those who took up work after a social welfare policy change 2011 actually suffered a fall in income rather than a rise.
The report puts this down to high childcare costs and low-paid, part-time employment options.
Senior Research Officer, Dr Claire Keane, says the price of child-minders and creches is a huge factor.
Dr Keane said: "We have extremely high childcare costs compared to other OECD countries.
"So if we look and see how many lone parents are better off not working before we take these childcare costs into account, it's around 2%.
"If we move to include childcare costs, 16% of lone parents are financially better off not being in employment."
The Society of St. Vincent de Paul (SVP) said it confirms that the changes to the One Parent Family Payment introduced in 2012 were "counterproductive".
Dr Tricia Keilthy, Head of Social Justice with SVP, said, "This is the fourth report to be published in the last nine months which shows how the cuts during the crisis reduced the income of lone parents and pushed them into deeper and more persistent poverty.
"From the outset of the reforms, it was clear that the policy lacked coherence and led to the development of a complex system of supports, where eligibility depends on the age of their youngest child."
"Since 2012, SVP has been particularly critical of the decision to abolish the features of the One Parent Family Payment which supported lone parents to take up employment and education. The ESRI research clearly shows that the cuts and changes resulted in income losses for employed lone parents.
[quote]"This is also reflected in data from the European Income and Living Conditions survey which showed that the rate of in-work poverty among lone parent increased from 9% in 2012 to just over 20% in 2016," she continued.
Dr Keilthy said the report also shows that adequate subsidies under the Affordable Childcare Scheme can improve lone parents' access to employment and make it possible for parents to take up and increase working hours.
She said: "We fully agree with the authors of today's report when they say labour market activation can't occur in a vacuum.
"Changes in the benefit system need to be considered alongside other changes in childcare policies and family employment practices, the availability of social and affordable housing, and legislation relating to precarious work, minimum wage, and child maintenance.
"It is clear that the Government needs to move away from a 'work first approach', as it does not consider the barrier to education and training, making access to quality employment more difficult. Lone parents need decent employment opportunities that fit with the realities of everyday family life."


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Firstly, please excuse typos. I'm writing this "blind" as fibro has gone for my eyes again! Sometimes I suffer from facial paralysis - a general tightness in the cheeks, jaw and around the mouth. This is usually accompanied, as it is today, by my eyes defocussing. I have blown the screen up to 175%, which is all well and good, but I can't actually see the keys on my keyboard! I do a lot of work on screen and today is looking to be a write off. I do carry a credit card sized magnifier in my wallet, but this isn;t really practical for typing.
The other fellow traveller when I'm in "fibro head" is fogginess and forgetfulness.
Ironically, I was at an ATOS interview this morning, accompanying my wife, who has MS, and needs to be allowed to install dictation software on her work computer. Yes they're THAT officious! Incidentally, ATOS in Cardiff is totally inaccessible to people without their own transport, and has no allocated disabled parking.
So the question is: does anyone else suffer with this blurred vision? What to they do to counter it? Are there any "work arounds" for using a computer etc?


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Dolly Singh is a 34-yo media professional, home chef, a yoga practitioner and a body positivity influencer. Her motto in life is, 'your body is not your limit'. NLT spoke with the "curvy yogi" as she likes being called, earlier this week.
Since Singh is an advocate of body positivity, the first question we asked her was what, according to her, is body positivity. Here's what she says,
"Body positivity to me is more about not judging a book by its cover. What I mean is, what I look like, what I appear like, what the color of my skin is, how 'big' or 'small' I am… all these things are extremely superficial. These cannot define who I am on the inside."
Singh believes that a major part of body positivity is about self-acceptance. She says,
"I feel that this is my body that has taken me through so many things in life and is still going to take me through a lot more. The least I can do for it, is not be ashamed of it."
Suggested read: "I Have A Dream That Every Terrace Of Calcutta Will Be Green" #NLTTalks With Lata Bhatia
"Yoga is always the answer"
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I came to my mat after 3 days. I was just not feeling right about it and then last evening I thought to myself "might be it's ok to deviate sometimes". This December month is all about family, friends, celebrations and no matter how hard I try I think I will be irregular. Let's see how I squeeze in my mat time and space. #everydaypractice #everydayoga #yourbodyisnotyourlimit #bodypositivity #anybodycanyoga #yogalove #yogalife #yogafitness #strongwomen #juggling #havingfun #stayhumble #JustBreathe
Quite naturally, we were interested in finding out how yoga happened to Dolly Singh and vice-versa; was it her first choice or did she settle for it after having tried different forms of exercise.
"Yes, I did try a lot of other stuff before yoga happened. I tried aerobics, Zumba, Pilates and a lot more in an attempt to find something that would be interesting to me; something that I would stay on with. The two forms of exercise that I enjoyed the most were running and yoga. I think what worked for me was the fact that to perform both of these, you actually need nothing. You don't have to find a group or go somewhere specific to do these. I guess that's how these became a part of my regular routine.
I think what attracted me to yoga most is how it presents the whole idea of pushing one's body a little further every time, and seeing what all your body is capable of. Also, I love that through yoga I realized the beautiful symmetry of our body. It was nice to see what forms and shapes my body can take, and how much I can push it every day in terms of flexibility, strength and agility."
But Singh didn't want to confine her practice to the four walls of her small studio apartment in Bandra. She decided to take her practice to the parks, but was amused by the response she received. She says,
"The original reason behind practicing yoga in public spaces was very simple: I live in a small apartment, and in the summers, it would get very humid and stuffy when I would practice with the fans off. I thought practicing in parks would be refreshing; I could enjoy some fresh air and a view. But what it eventually resulted in was very surprising for me; people reacted in a way that I had not expected. I think the reason could be that people are still not used to the idea that big bodied persons don't just sit on a couch, that there is a possibility for us to be working out as well! (Laughs)"
Dolly told us that random people would come up to her and ask her how she was performing such difficult poses with so much ease. While some would inquire how she could bend and twist so much, others were astonished by Singh's strength. All of this surprised her, she says.
"It was startling for me because in my head, I wasn't ever thinking that I am big-bodied and people are going to judge me and so I should not take my practice outside."
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Today was a quick practice and I had enjoyed the rear shoulders flow so did the same today. The blocks add a little weight and make it challenging. I don't know if it's my muscle or the fat but I could feel the contraction in the lower back and the chest opening up. You can try this with books or some weight. #everydaypractice #everydayyoga #yourbodyisnotyourlimit #anybodycanyoga #bodypositivity #shoulderflexibility #yogalove #yogalife #yogafitness #strongwomen #stayhumble #havingfun #JustBreathe
What started as a way to get some fresh air while practicing, turned into an idea of reclaiming public spaces. Singh says,
"Public spaces are for people to do what they want to do, and everyone should be allowed."
She also spoke of how practicing yoga in public places was necessary for more visibility. She explains why that is important by saying,
"You see visibility is acceptance. If you show more big-bodied people doing things that probably thin and 'able-bodied' people are supposed to be doing, then this whole stigma of being big-bodied or being branded as 'lazy'… you know how a fat person is associated with being lazy, right? Yes, I think all this will go away. Also, when more people see me doing yoga and other challenging stuff, they will realize that they too are capable of doing a lot of things.
Finally, it is also a way of promoting yoga. Yoga is just so fulfilling and satisfying. It is a one-in-all kind of a package that works for me, on both a physical as well as a mental level. To be honest, now I think I have moved away from my obsession with the physical benefits of yoga to its mental advantages."
"I am thick-skinned, both literally and figuratively"
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My forward folds have become deeper, only if I didn't have a technical problem of bigger bust…hahahaha….I'm sure there are many who can relate to this. It took me quite some time to understand that my postures are not going to look the same as a person with a smaller frame. My body has contours and it will wrap accordingly, no matter how hard I try or beat myself up for this. Now I'm learning to be happy and working towards making strong every inch of it. #everydaypractice #everydayyoga #yourbodyisnotyourlimit #anybodycanyoga #curvepower #bodypositivity #forwardfold #yogalove #yogalife #yogafitness #stayhumble #havingfun #JustBreathe
Taking her yoga to the public, in the real and the virtual world, has also invited body shamers and trolls that Singh has to deal with on a regular basis. Speaking about this, she says,
"I do believe that when you become a public figure, and I am not saying that I am huge public figure, but if I am out there and I am putting my practice for people to see, then I know the response will involve both the good and the bad. And the bad will be overwhelming, but I think for every thousand or hundred trolls, I get two very kind messages in which people tell me how I am inspiring others, how I am teaching them to learn how to accept themselves and incorporate flow and movement in their usual lives. And that works for me. I don't know these people who troll or shame me, and I don't have that kind of energy to answer them because I am extremely occupied with my work, my practice and everything around it. To be honest with you, I don't care so much about them. I don't care at all, actually (laughs).
"a number cannot be a deciding factor for me"
There is a general perception that a person's BMI is an indicator of one's fitness. Also, people do not seem to know that there's a big difference between losing weight and being fit, although they are not mutually exclusive. Considering all this, we asked Singh for her advice to people who want to lose weight rather than becoming fit through yoga.
According to her,
"I am not a certified teacher, nutritionist or anybody for that matter. I have no qualification to talk about the BMI issue. But what I know is that a number cannot be a deciding factor for me, and a number should not be deciding things for you either. So BMI is just another number like your weight. I am obese or maybe over-obese by BMI standard, but that's my problem. That's my body whose weight I have to learn to carry. My muscles need to take that weight.
For me BMI is not what decides whether I can do something or not. I don't mean that I will be great at doing everything, but I will give everything a try. I might not be able to run 20 kilometers, but I can run 10 kilometers, and that is good enough for me. I might not be able to climb the Everest with my weight, but I can go up to the Everest Base Camp to trek. (Laughs)
What I mean is these are the small things that I want to do. I am not going to limit myself because of my BMI. For me it is so much easier to exercise, do yoga, go for a run or a swim, than to think about 'oh I am doing all of this, but I am still fat, I am still round, I am still big'. When I practice yoga or do other physical activities, I feel at bliss. The whole energy is different. But if I sit down and measure the consequences, like whether or not I am losing weight by doing all this, then that would depress me. For me, it is about doing my bit and doing everything I want to do in my life."
Suggested read: "Being different means you're brave enough to be yourself," #NLTTalks With Shraddha Mandale
"We are all a part of conditioning. But in my everyday life, I am trying to break that barrier for myself."
Dolly Singh is a media person, and all of us know how the media has contributed immensely to the contorted idea of beauty that Singh is fighting. We thought it'd be interesting to ask her how she imagines the media could undo the damage and rather help spread a more embracing view of beauty.
"Being a media person myself, I remember sitting for an interview once and telling them that you know thousands of pictures of white women were circulated and everybody bought it. And then we realized that we need to expand it to be able to sell more, and so we started circulating pictures of black women and realized that you know what black skin is hot too. So I thought I should jump into the bandwagon, and say even big can be beautiful. And you can see how that worked, right? People started buying that too! (laughs)
This brings us back to the concept of visibility. The whole "box" idea of beauty that has been created, is obviously the reason behind the internal drawbacks that we think we as women have. Everybody out there is trying to tell us that you know what, you are not perfect, but we have this perfect remedy for you (for your weight, for your aging skin, your eyes, your feet, and the list goes on.) It's almost like everybody is telling you that you are not good enough, but I can help you with my product. And we have been buying these propositions for the longest time. I won't be a hypocrite; even I have given in to this lucrative offers in the past. But now I have realized that this way I will never be able to enjoy my life. I took that decision for myself. And it is so much nicer and better now when I don't have to bear the burden of looking perfect, being 'beautiful'. Now I really don't care about how I look to someone else. And by doing that I have made my life much easier. Every day I wake up and dress up the way I want to and come to work or meet friends. I am not self-obsessed anymore about the way I look. And my practice has helped me do this. I have realized that by not channelizing my energy and not focusing on those aspects, I can actually focus on the important things.
Something that is beautiful to me might not be beautiful to you. How and why are we buying into a fixed standard or a set pattern or a number that defines beauty. This is something that I have started questioning. Though it is still very difficult. We are all a part of conditioning. But in my everyday life I am trying to break that barrier for myself. I still judge myself. I am not 'very happy' with my body. I want my stomach to go in so that I can do a full head stand so that my core becomes stronger. So I still look at my flabby stomach and wonder when it is going to go, you know! (Laughs) So yes, there is a constant fight. Today I don't want my stomach to go in so that I look pretty, but so that I can do a headstand! (Laughs)
"I think we both share the same anger and angst"
Speaking of the person who inspires her most, Singh says,
"For my practice, I am really inspired by this big bodied yogi from the States, Jessamyn Stanley. I think she is kickass; in not just what she does, but also everything she says. I think she is my lost sister. I think (laughs) we both share the same anger and angst against people who think we are not capable of doing things because we are big-bodied. (Laughs)"
"I tell them that when I play on the mat, I play in my life"
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The last from the holiday series. The bavarian villages , the house paintings, the flower arrangements , the auto bahns , jungles, gorges and some snow peaks too. Germany was just the perfect ending. Ya my upper back is really sore but for that I'm back to practice from today evening. Happy to be home Bombay.#traveltal #yogaandtravel #meandmymat #exolore #europeancities #anybodycanyoga #yourbodyisnotyourlimit #travelgermany #bavarianvillages #stayhumble #havingfun
Those of you who are not aware, Dolly Singh loves cooking and is endorsing regional food through her pop-up food service, Home Café. Not just that, Singh loves to traveling, telling stories to her little nieces, and loves making crafts. Speaking of her hobbies, she says,
"I think everyone have a hobby. I, for example, love crafts. I enjoy cooking, I practice yoga, I love being outdoors. I also love telling stories and tales to kids. I love creating things. I love clicking pictures of things that are around me, things that are a part of my daily life. I am into immersive travelling too.
In my opinion, hobbies are very important. I always ask myself this one question: when I turn 50 what am I going to do? If I know 10 things, if I build skillsets, then I can do a lot rather than becoming redundant at that age. Also, hobbies are a great way to channelize your thoughts, creativity and energy. The whole joy of learning something new transcends into your daily life. You know I am generally this very cheerful, vibrant person at work and everybody asks me how are you so energetic, and I tell them that when I play on the mat, I play in my life.
I love craft. I find it therapeutic. It keeps the child in me alive. I love telling stories to kids and that makes me a better storyteller. I want to learn pole dancing soon; now that I have some upper body strength, I think I can do some great moves (smiles)."
"And if you are really busy to not have time for yourself, then I think that is a big problem"
Nowadays, we hear a lot about stress, and how people's lives revolve around their work. In such a situation, how important, does Singh think, it is for them to incorporate yoga into their daily routine. Let's find out.
"I think "being busy" is the most overrated phrase that almost all of us have used at one point or another. For me, even when I do miss yoga because I have other things going on, or for example it's the holiday season right now and my family is here, so I am not being able to practice, but it is not because I am busy. It is just that I don't feel like doing my routine. Busy can never be the reason; you need to be honest with yourself. And if you are really busy to not have time for yourself, then I think that is a big problem. Not being able to take out even 20 minutes for yourself, is warning bells to me. You need to ask yourself how you are utilizing your time and energy.
Since I am from the media and we have very hectic schedules, one thing I have learnt is how to use my time well. I know how to prioritize. I don't procrastinate because I feel if you start thinking a lot, you will not achieve anything. So you need to take out time for self-care, because how do you expect the stress to go away if you don't do anything except the things that are stressing you out? Isn't it that simple? You need to do something to de-stress; you need an outlet.
It is very important to incorporate something in your everyday routine that makes you sweat. We are all living a very sedentary lifestyle. I mean we now even have an electric toothbrush to do the brushing for us. I mean how ridiculous is that?! Very soon we will be using gadgets that will help us wear socks and pick things from the floor! That is a very bad thing. If you are sedentary for really long, then you are going to develop problems.
So it makes no sense to be busy when your body is not supporting you, health-wise. I have done that whole "being busy" bit in my twenties. Now in my thirties, I have stopped being over-occupied. I am slow, and I prefer it this way."
"Building a habit is the most important part; once you do that, the other things become easy."
Singh practices yoga on her own by watching videos on YouTube. Her suggestion to those who want to follow suit, but have no clue how to begin is,
"For people who want to start doing yoga, I have a very simple idea: Everyday, just spread your mat, and sit there, quietly, for 15 minutes; everyday, same time, same place. I believe in the 21-day rule to develop a habit. During this time, I know whether this thing is working for me or not, and if it is not I move on. But, generally, this has helped me build a habit.
Building a habit is the most important part; once you do that, the other things become easy. For me, yoga today is a habit. I fall back on it. If I don't practice for a day, I know I am missing something. If I don't do it for three days, then I am miserable. (Laughs)"
"I think that acceptance is body positivity. That is where it starts."
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Whats the best suprise you have ever received ? Mine happened yesterday. I was overwhelmed by this unexpected gift from a colleague. Thank you @rajeshgthakare for this intersection of art to my yoga practice. The strength and grace of a posture has been so beautifully externalized in the sketch. And it's one of the most unique yoga sketches that I have seen. This is what yoga has brought to my life. Unexpected and completely uncomprehended love and appreciation from known and unknown people. The articles , videos, talks, PUMA, teaching, modelling and many more that I have no clue about. I wonder if im really that good!!!!!! My round self is so happy…. #thankyou #suprisegift #yogaandart #yogasketch #yourbodyisnotyourlimit #anybodycanyoga #bodypositivity #graceandstrength #curvepower #yogafitness #yogalove #yogalife #feeltheyogahigh #stayhumble #havingfun
Before bidding adieu, we asked our inspirational and vivacious yogi, about where she sees her crusade for body positivity going in the next few years, as more people become self-aware.
"I think the concept of body positivity has a huge potential, because no human is happy with their body. Nobody thinks that they are 'good enough' in the conventional way. You either don't have the 'perfect skin' or the 'perfect figure'… And since these are nothing, but self-created imageries for ourselves, which is being fueled by so many out there, I think the body positivity crusade is going to grow. As more and more people become aware of themselves, they become aware of how being obsessed with ourselves in a superficial way is causing us to be left behind in so many other things. For me, body positivity is a part of feminism. If I don't concentrate on the cover, then I can focus all my attention on what lies inside. I have learnt this, and I believe in this.
I have become so open to learning new things, trying new things, even failing at it. I have learnt how to fail, which is amazing. The fact that I can take my failures better than my successes, is a huge thing for me. Today, I am somewhat popular, people want to talk to me, they want to know my story, but few years down the line, I might not get all this attention, I might become an old story, and that is absolutely okay. I am not doing all of this to become a celebrity. By god's grace I have got more than what I think I deserve. I think that acceptance is body positivity. That is where it starts. When you are not okay with yourself and are discontent with yourself all the time, you cannot hope to achieve your goals. It doesn't work like that. (Smiles)."
Suggested read: "My Role Models Are The Children I Work With": #NLTTalks With Dr. Priya Virmani, The Entrepreneur Behind Paint Our World
If you are not already following Dolly Singh @yogaforallmumbai, then do that now! See you again next week with another crusader, another trendsetter! Until then goodbye.
Featured image source: Instagram/yogaforallmumbai


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