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The problem of radiometric correction of multispectral scanner data is posed as the problem of determining an intrinsic reflectance factor characteristic of the surface material being imaged and invariant to topography, position of the sun, atmosphere and position of the viewer. A scene radiance equation for remote sensing is derived based on an idealized physical model of image formation. The scene radiance equation is more complex for rugged terrain than for flat terrain since it must model slope, aspect and elevation dependent effects. Scene radiance is determined by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the surface material and the distribution of light sources. The sun is treated as a collimated source and the sky is treated as a uniform hemispherical source. The atmosphere is treated as an optically thin, horizontally uniform layer. The limits of this approach are reviewed using results obtained with Landsat MSS images and a digital terrain model (DTM) of a test site near St. Mary Lake, British Columbia, Canada.
New results, based on regression analysis, are described for the St. Mary Lake site. Previous work is extended to take advantage of explicit forest cover data and to consider numeric models of sky radiance. The calculation of sky irradiance now takes occlusion by adjacent terrain into account. The results for St. Mary Lake suggest that the cosine of the incident solar angle and elevation are the two most important correction terms. Skylight and inter-reflection from adjacent terrain, however, also are significant.
This thesis attempts to represent the syntax and semantics of English sentences using a schema and constraint-based approach. In this approach, syntactic and semantic knowledge that are represented by schemata are processed in parallel with the utilization of network consistency techniques and an augmented version of Earley's context-free parsing algorithm. A sentence's syntax and semantics are disambiguated incrementally as the interpretation proceeds left to right, word by word. Each word and recognized grammatical constituent provide additional information that helps to guide the interpretation process.
It is desirable to attempt to apply network consistency techniques and schema-knowledge representations on understanding natural language since the former has been proven to be quite efficient and the latter provides modularity in representing knowledge. In addition, this approach is appealing because it can cope with ambiguities in an efficient manner. Multiple interpretations are retained if ambiguity exists as indicated by the words processed so far. How- ever, incorrect interpretations are eliminated as soon as their inappropriateness is discovered. Thus, backtracking search which is known to be inefficient is avoided.
Distributed systems are often modelled after the client-server paradigm where resources are managed by servers, and clients communicate with servers for operations on the resources. These client-server communications fall into two categories --- connection-oriented and connection-less, depending on whether the servers maintain state information about the clients or not. Additionally, each of the servers may itself be distributed, i.e., structured as a group of identical processes; these processes communicate with one another to manage shared resources (intra-server communications). Thus, the activities of a distributed program may be viewed as a sequence of client-server communications interspersed with intra-server communications.
In this paper, we identify suitable interprocess communication (IPC) abstractions for such communications --- remote procedure calls for client-server communications and {\em application-driven shared variables} (a shared memory-like abstraction) for intra-server group communication. We specify the properties of these abstractions to handle partial failures that may occur during program execution.
The issues of orphans and consistency arising due to partial failures are examined, and solution techniques application to be incorporated in the run-time system. Examples are given to illustrate the use of these bstractions as primitives for constructing distributed programs.
Remote procedure call (RPC) is a communication abstraction widely used in distributed programs. The general premise entwined in existing approaches to handle machine and communication failures during RPC is that the applications which interface to the RPC layer cannot tolerate the failures. The premise manifests as a top level constraint on the failure recovery algorithms used in the RPC layer in these approaches. However, our premise is that applications can tolerate certain types of failures under certain situations. This may in turn relax the top level constraint on failure recovery algorithms and allow exploiting the inherent tolerance of applications to failures in a systematic way to simplify failure recovery. Motivated by the premise. The paper presents a model of RPC. The model reflects certain generic properties of the application layer that may be exploited by the RPC layer during failure recovery. Based on the model a new technique of adopting orphans caused by failures is described. The technique minimizes Ihe rollback which may be required in orphan killing techniques. Algorithmic details of the adoption technique are described followed by a quantitative analysis. The model has been implemented as a prototype on a local area network. The simplicity and generality of the failure recovery renders the RPC model useful in distributed systems. particularly those that are large and heterogeneous and hence have complex failure modes.
(Abstract not available on-line)
(Abstract not available on-line)
In this paper, we present the basic ideas underlying an {\em Estelle-C} compiler, which accepts an {\em Estelle} protocol specification and produces a protocol implementation in C. We discuss our experience gained from using the semi-automatic approach to implement the ISO class 2 transport protocol. A manual implementation of the protocol is performed and compared with the semi-automatic implementation. We find the semi-automatic approach to protocol implementation offers several advantages over the conventional manual one, including correctness and modularity in protocol implementation code, conformance to the specification and reduction in implementation time. Finally, we present our ongoing development of a new {\em Estelle-C} compiler.
A purely set-based conceptual model SET is described along with a specification/query language DEFINE. SET is intended for modelling all phases of database design and data processing. The model for an enterprise is its set schema, consisting of all the sets that are declared for it.
The domain graph method of table design translates the set schema for an enterprise into a table schema in which each table is a defined user view declared as a set in DEFINE. But for one initial step, the method can be fully automated. The method makes no use of normalization.
Two kinds of integrity constraints are supported in the SET model. Although these constraints take a simple form in the set schema for an enterprise, they can translate into referential integrity constraints for the table schema of a complexity not previously considered.
The simplicity of the constraints supported in the SET model, together with the simplicity of the domain graph table design method, suggests that a conceptual view of an enterprise provided by the SET model is superior to the lower level data presentation view provided by the relational model.
Matching upper and lower bounds for the bit complexity of a problem on asynchronous unidirectional rings are established, assuming that algorithms must reach a correct conclusion with probability $1 - \epsilon$, for some $\epsilon > 0$. Processors can have identities, but the identities are not necessarily distinct. The problem is that of a distinguished processor determining whether it is the only distinguished processor. The complexity depends on the processors' knowledge of the size $n$ of the ring. When no upper bound is known, only nondistributive termination is possible, and $\Theta (n \log (1 / \epsilon)) $ bits are necessary and sufficient. When only an upper bound $N$ is known, distributive termination is possible, but the complexity of achieving distributive termination is $ \Theta (n \sqrt{\log ( \frac{N}{n})} + n \log (\frac{1}{\epsilon}))$. When processors know that $(\frac{1}{2} + \rho)N \leq n \leq N$ for $\rho > 0$, then the bound drops to $\Theta (n \log \log (\frac{1}{\epsilon}) + n \log (\frac{1}{\rho}))$, for both distributive and nondistributive termination, for sufficiently large $N$.
In an earlier paper, the SET conceptual model was described. along with the domain graph method of table design. In this paper a justification for the method is provided, and a simple condition shown to be sufficient for the satisfaction of the degree constraints of a set schema. The basis for the consistency of the model is also described. Applications of the SET model to the full range of data processing are suggested, as well as to the problems raised by incomplete information.
(Abstract not available on-line)
Upper and lower bounds that match to within a constant factor are found for the expected bit complexity of a problem on asynchronous unidirectional rings of known size $n$, for algorithms that must reach a correct conclusion with probability at least $1 - \epsilon$ for some small preassigned $\epsilon \geq 0$. The problem is for a nonempty set of contenders to determine whether there is precisely one contender. If distributive termination is required, the expected bit complexity is \( \Theta (n \min ( \log \nu (n) + \sqrt{\log \log (\frac{1}{\epsilon})}, \sqrt{\log n}, \log \log (\frac{1}{\epsilon}))) \), where $\nu (n)$ is the least nondivisor
of $n$. For nondistributive termination, $ \sqrt{\log \log (\frac{1}{\epsilon})}$ and $\sqrt{\log n}$ are
replaced by $\log \log \log(\frac{1}{\epsilon})$ and $\log \log n$ respectively. The lower bounds hold even for probabilistic algorithms that exhibit some nondeterministic features.
A planar subdivision is the partition of the plane induced by an embedded planar graph. A representation of such a subdivision is {\em ordered} if, for each vertex $\upsilon$ of the associated graph $G$, the (say) clockwise sequence of edges in the embedding of $G$ incident with appears explicitly.
The worst-case complexity of establishing order in a planar subdivision --- i.e. converting an unordered representation into an ordered one --- is shown to be \( \Theta (n + \log \lambda(G)) \), where $n$ is the size (number of vertices) of the underlying graph $G$ and $\lambda (G)$ is the number of topologically distinct embeddings of $G$ in the plane.
A direct, simple and general parallel algorithm is described for the preprocessing of a planar subdivision for fast (sequential) search. In essence, the hierarchical subdivision search structure described by Kirkpatrick [K] is constructed in parallel. The method relies on an efficient parallel algorithm for constructing large independent sets in planar graphs. This is accomplished by a simple reduction to the same problem for lists.
Applications to the manipulation of convex polyhedra are described including an \( O(\log^{2}n \log^{*}n) \) parallel time algorithm for constructing the convex hull of $n$ points in $R^{3}$ and an \( O( \log n \log^{*}n) \) parallel time algorithm for detecting the separation of convex polyhedra.
We describe a randomized parallel algorithm to solve list ranking in $O(\log n)$ expected time using $n/ \log n$ processors, where $n$ is the length of the list. The algorithm requires considerably less load rebalancing than previous algorithms.
The problem of constructing parallel algorithms for finding Maximal Independent Sets in graphs has received considerable attention. In the case that the given graph is planar, the simple efficient parallel algorithm described here may be employed. The method relies on an efficient parallel algorithm for constructing large independent sets in bounded degree graphs. This is accomplished by a simple reduction to the same problem for lists.
Using a linear number of EREW processors, the algorithm identifies a maximal independent set in an arbitrary planar graph in O$(\log n \log^{*} n)$ parallel time. A randomized version of the algorithm runs in O$(\log n)$ expected parallel time.
This paper establishes time-space tradeoffs for some algebraic problems in the branching program model, including convolution of vectors, matrix multiplication, matrix inversion, computing the product of three matrices and computing $PAQ$ where $P$ and $Q$ are permutation matrices. While some of the results agree well with known results for straight- line programs, one of them (for matrix multiplication) surprisingly is stronger, and one (for computing $PAQ$) is necessarily weaker. Some of the tradeoffs are proved for expected time and space, where all inputs are equally likely.
Let $R$ be a unidirectional asynchronous ring of $n$ processors each with a single input bit. Let $f$ be any cyclic non-constant function of $n$ boolean variables. Moran and Warmuth [8] prove that any deterministic algorithm for $R$ that evaluates $f$ has communication complexity $\Omega (n \log n)$ bits. They also construct a cyclic non-constant boolean function that can be evaluated in $O(n \log n)$ bits by a deterministic algorithm.
This contrasts with the following new results: \begin{enumerate} \item There exists a cyclic non-constant boolean function which can be evaluated with expected complexity $O (n \sqrt{\log n})$ bits by a randomized algorithm for $R$.
\item Any nondeterministic algorithm for $R$ which evaluates any cyclic non-constant function has communication complexity $\Omega (n \sqrt{\log n})$ bits. \end{enumerate
This paper shows how to integrate constraint satisfaction techniques with schema-based representations for visual knowledge. This integration is discussed in a progression of three sketch map interpretation programs: Mapsee-l, Mapsee-2, and Mapsee-3. The programs are evaluated by the criteria of descriptive and procedural adequacy. The evaluation indicates that a schema-based representation used in combination with a hierarchical arc consistency algorithm constitutes a modular, efficient, and effective approach to the structured representation of visual knowledge. The schemata used in this representation are embedded in composition and specialization hierarchies. Specialization hierarchies are further expanded into discrimination graphs.
We propose a theory of depiction and interpretation that formalizes image domain knowledge, scene domain knowledge and the depiction mapping between the image and scene domains. This theory is illustrated by specifying some general knowledge about maps, geographic objects and their depiction relationships in first order logic with equality.
An interpretation of an image is defined to be a logical model of the general knowledge and a description of that image. For the simple map world we show how the task level specification may be refined to a provably correct implementation by invoking model preserving transformations on the logical representation. In addition, we sketch logical treatments for querying an image, incorporating contingent scene knowledge into the interpretation process, occlusion, ambiguous image descriptions, and composition.
This approach provides a formal framework for analyzing existing systems such as Mapsee, and for understanding the use of constraint satisfaction techniques. It also can be used to design and implement vision and graphics systems that are correct with respect to the task and algorithm levels.
Under two reasonable definitions of random convex polygons, the expected modality of a random convex polygon grows without bound as the number of vertices grows. This refutes a conjecture of Aggarwall and Melville.
Attribution by default occurs when, in the absence of information to the contrary, an entity is assumed to have a property. The provision of information to the contrary results in the withdrawal of the attribution. It has been argued that classical logic cannot formalize such commonsense reasoning and that the development of a nonmonotonic logic is necessary. Evidence is offered in this note that this is not the case for some important defaults.
This paper considers questions of conditioning of and numerical methods for certain differential algebraic equations subject to initial and boundary conditions. The approach taken is that of separating ``differential'' and ``algebraic'' solution components, at least theoretically.
This yields conditioning results for differential algebraic boundary value problems in terms of ``pure'' differential problems, for which existing theory is well-developed. We carry the process out for problems with (global) index 1 or 2.
For semi-explicit boundary value problems of index 1 (where solution components are separated) we give a convergence theorem for a special class of collocation methods. For general index 1 problems we discuss advantages and disadvantages of certain symmetric difference schemes. For initial value problems with index 2 we discuss the use of BDF schemes, summarizing conditions for their successful and stable utilization.
Finally, the present considerations and analysis are applied to two problems involving differential algebraic equations which arise in semiconductor device simulation.
This paper provides a general framework, called ``theoretical multiple shooting'', within which various, numerical methods for stiff boundary value ordinary differential problems can be analyzed. A global stability and error analysis is given, allowing (as much as possible) the specificities of an actual numerical method to come in only locally. We demonstrate the use of our results for both one-sided and symmetric difference schemes. The class of problems treated includes some with internal (e.g. ``turning point'') layers.
(Abstract not available on-line)
A simple reduction from the tree contraction problem to the list ranking problem is presented. The reduction takes O$(\log n)$ time for a tree with $n$ nodes, using O$(n / \log n)$ EREW processors. Thus tree contraction can be done as efficiently as list ranking.
A broad class of parallel tree computations to which the tree contraction techniques apply is described. This subsumes earlier characterizations. Applications to the computation of certain properties of cographs are presented in some detail.
This report consists of drafts of chapters of a book prepared as course material for CSCI 404 at the University of British Columbia.
We examine the compilation of the LL(k) deterministic context free grammars to Horn clause logic programs and sequential and concurrent execution of these programs. In the sequential case, one is able to take advantage of the determinism to eliminate the generation of unnecessary backtracking information during execution of the compiled logic program. In the concurrent case, grammar rules are simply and directly translated to clauses of Concurrent Prolog, Parlog, or Guarded Horn Clause programs, allowing grammatical processing directly in the setting of committed or ``don't care'' nondeterminism. LL(k) grammar rules are generalized so that grammatical processing of streams involving derivations of infinite length is possible. A top-down analogue of Marcus's deterministic parser is a possible application of these generalized LL(k) grammars.
(Abstract not available on-line)
The present work is based on the Visual Routine theory of Shimon Ullman. This theory holds that efficient visual perception is managed by first applying spatially parallel methods to an initial input image in order to construct the basic representation-maps of features within the image. Then, this phase is followed by the application of serial methods --- visual routines --- which are applied to the most salient items in these and other subsequently created maps.
Recent work in the visual routine tradition is reviewed, as well as relevant psychological work on preattentive and attentive vision. An analysis is made of the problem of devising a visual routine language for computing geometric properties and relations. The most useful basic representations to compute directly from a world of 2-D geometric shapes are determined. An argument is made for the case that an experimental program is required to establish which basic operations and which methods for controlling them will lead to the efficient computation of geometric properties and relations.
A description is given of an implemented computer system which can correctly compute, in images of simple 2-D geometric shapes, the properties {\em vertical}, {\em horizontal}, {\em closed}, and {\em convex}, and the relations {\em inside}, {\em outside}, {\em touching}, {\em centred-in}, {\em connected}, {\em parallel}, and {\em being-part-of}. The visual routines which compute these, the basic operations out of which the visual routines are composed, and the important logic which controls the goal-directed application of the routines to the image are all described in detail. The entire system is embedded in a Question-and-Answer system which is capable of answering questions of an image, such as ``Find all the squares inside triangles'' or ``Find all the vertical bars outside of closed convex shapes.'' By asking many such questions about various test images, the effectiveness of the visual routines and their controlling logic is demonstrated.
(Abstract not available on-line)
Over the past few years, much experience has been gained in semi-automatic protocol implementation using an existing Estelle-C compiler developed at the University of British Columbia. However, with the continual evolution of the Estelle language, that compiler is now obsolete. The present study found substantial syntactic and semantic differences between the Estelle language as implemented by the existing compiler and that specified in the latest ISO document to warrant the construction of a new Estelle-C compiler. The result is a new compiler which translates Estelle as defined in the second version of the ISO Draft Proposal 9074 into the programming language C. The new Estelle-C compiler addresses issues such as dynamic reconfiguration of modules snd maintenance of priority relationships among nested modules. A run-time environment capable of supporting the new Estelle features is also presented. The implementation strategy used in the new Estelle-C compiler is illustrated by using the alternating bit protocol found in the ISO Draft Proposal 9074 document.
The Curvature Scale Space Image of a planar curve is computed by convolving a path-based parametric representation of the curve with a Gaussian function of variance $\sigma^{2}$, extracting the zeroes of curvature of the convolved curves and combining them in a scale space representation of the curve. For any given curve $\Gamma$, the process of generating the ordered sequence of curves \{ \( \Gamma_{\sigma} \mid \sigma \geq 0\) \} is known as the evolution of $\Gamma$.
It is shown that the normalized arc length parameter of a curve is, in general, not the normalized arc length parameter of a convolved version of that curve. A new method of computing the curvature scale space image reparametrizes each convolved curve by its normalized arc length parameter. Zeroes of curvature are then expressed in that new parametrization. The result is the Renormalized Curvature Scale Space Image and is more suitable for matching curves similar in shape.
Scaling properties of planar curves and the curvature scale space image are also investigated. It is shown that no new curvature zero-crossings are created at the higher scales of the curvature scale space image of a planar curve in $C_{2}$ if the curve remains in $C_{2}$ during evolution. Several positive and negative results are presented on the preservation of various properties of planar curves under the evolution process. Among these results is the fact that every polynomially represented planar curve in $C_{2}$ intersects itself just before forming a cusp point during evolution.
This paper addresses the problem of representing the shape of three-dimensional or space curves. This problem is important since space curves can be used to model the shape of many three-dimensional objects effectively and economically. A number of shape representation methods that operate on two-dimensional objects and can be extended to apply to space curves are reviewed briefly and their shortcomings discussed.
Next, the concepts of curvature and torsion of a space curve are explained. The curvature and torsion functions of a space curve specify it uniquely up to rotation and translation. Arc-length parametrization followed by Gaussian convolution is used to compute curvature and torsion on a space curve at varying levels of detail. Larger values of the scale parameter of the Gaussian bring out more basic features of the curve. Information about the curvature and torsion of the curve over a continuum of scales are combined to produce the curvature and torsion scale space images of the curve. These images are essentially invariant under rotation, uniform scaling and translation of the curve and are used as a representation for it. Using this representation, a space curve can be successfully matched to another one of similar shape.
The application of this technique to a common three-dimensional object is demonstrated. Finally, the proposed representation is evaluated according to several criteria that any shape representation method should ideally satisfy. It is shown that the curvature and torsion scale space representation satisfies those criteria better than other possible candidate methods.
(Abstract not available on-line)
This paper reports the result of testing the author's proof techniques on the class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP). This experiment has been successful in the sense that a completely general proof technique turns out to behave well also for this special class of problems which itself has received considerable attention in the community. So at the same time the paper happens to present a new (deductive) mechanism for solving constraint satisfaction problems that is of interest in its own right. This mechanism may be characterized as a bottom-up, lazy-evaluation technique which reduces any such problem to the problem of evaluating a database expression typically involving a number of joins. A way of computing such an expression is proposed.
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HPCL Admit Card 2016
HPCL (Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited) has issued admit cards / hall tickets for the Computer Based Test for the position of R&D Officer. The Computer Based Test is being conducted on 14th of February, 2016 for selecting candidates for the post of R&D Officer. Job hunters who have applied for the above mentioned position can download their admit cards by visiting the official web portal of HPCL : hindustanpetroleum.com . Further details regarding the download of admit cards are given below :
View More For Latest Admit Card Details
Steps for downloading the HPCL Admit Card 2016 :
a). Job hunters who have applied for the above mentioned position can download their admit cards by visiting the official web portal of HPCL : hindustanpetroleum.com .
b). On the home page of the website applicants must click on the link 'Career Opportunities'.
c). The aspirants must now click on the link 'Click here to download the Admit Card (only for shortlisted candidates)'.
d). Contenders must now enter their 'Application Form Number, Enter your date of birth (DDMMYYYY)' and the text mentioned on the web page.
e). After entering the required details aspirants click on the button 'Submit' to download the admit card.
f). After downloading the admit card aspirants must take print out of the same.
Click here to download the HPCL Admit Card 2016
HPCL Admit Card 2015
Post – Officer Trainee
Call Letter for the Written Exam of Officer Trainee has been updated on the official site of the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL). Date of the examination has been released to be conducted on 18 Oct 2015. All the appeared candidates can download their Admit Card/ Hall Ticket from the official site of the organization.
Official Link of HPCL – www.hindustanpetroleum.com
Find the Admit Card / Call letter by following the procedures mentioned below for the post of Officer Trainee:
l. Job Seekers applied for the post of Officer Trainee in Hindustan Petroleum must go to the official site of the organization i.e. www.hindustanpetroleum.com
2. At the home page, Human Resources tab will be appeared in the above menu. Candidates must click on it and after that list of options will get open, where candidate must click on the Career Opportunities.
3. Now the Job Seeker will get the link Click here to download the Admit Card (only for shortlisted candidates), they must click on it.
4. Form for downloading the Admit Card / Hall Ticket will be open and candidates must fill the form to download the Admit Card and then they must click on the Submit Button.
5. After downloading the Admit Card Job Aspirants must take the print out copy of the Admit Card as it will be the Entry ticket for the candidate in the examination hall.
Job Seeker can download their Admit Card from the direct link for the post of Officer Trainee

subset: commoncrawl


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Seasons2016-17Everton News
Coleman skippers Ireland to key win in Vienna
James McClean scored the only goal of the game as Martin O'Neill's unbeaten side ascended to the top of World Cup qualifying Group D with 10 points from 12.
Everton's other representative on the night, Aiden McGeady, was a second-half substitute in what was Ireland's first win over Austria in nine attempts.
Elsewhere in the same group, Wales's qualifying hopes were hit by Aleksandar Mitrovic's equaliser for Serbia five minutes from the end in Cardiff.
Ashley Williams was captain of his country who led for 55 minutes after Gareth Bale's opener but were pegged back by Newcastle's Mitrovic and had to settle for a draw that leaves them in third place in the group with six points.
Meanwhile, at U19 level, Finch Farm team-mates Tom Davies and Nathan Broadhead came face to face as the former captained England against Wales but it was the latter who ended up with the bragging rights.
Broadhead scored twice, once from the spot, in a 3-2 win for Wales in Bangor.
Reader Comments (4)
Note: the following content is not moderated or vetted by the site owners at the time of submission. Comments are the responsibility of the poster. Disclaimer
1 Posted 13/11/2016 at 08:56:24
We've just got to beat Wales now but hopefully we will get a bit of luck for a change still top of the group thanks to Mr Coleman and his merry men.
2 Posted 13/11/2016 at 12:28:14
3 Posted 14/11/2016 at 17:15:10
Hard to believe Ireland are top of their group with 10 points with 4 out of their remaining six games at home. Still, a lot can happen and we've rode our luck a little. The Ireland captain will meet his club mate the Welsh captain in our next game in March.
4 Posted 15/11/2016 at 07:32:38
To me he'll be one of the few that make the Koeman cut and rightly so.
Top player and a top man to boot.
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and Society (CLICCS)
Jobs, Open Positions
New announcements will gradually appear in the table below.
Only the links highlighted are active, please check those for more information.
Theme A: Sensitivity and Variability in the Climate System
currently no vacancies
Theme B: Climate Related Dynamics of Social Systems
currently no vacancies
Theme C: Sustainable Adaptation Scenarios
| currently no vacancies
Register your e-mail adress here to be informed about new job offers.
CLICCS in a nutshell
CLIMATE, CLIMATIC CHANGE, AND SOCIETY (CLICCS) is an ambitious research program at Universität Hamburg and its partner institutions Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Helmholtz-Center for Material and Coastal Research, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies and the German Climate Computing Center as well as Hafen City Universität and Technische Universität Hamburg. Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) for a duration of seven years it is part of Germany's Excellence Strategy.
The program aims to understand climate changes, taking into account internal variability, extreme events, and unexpected side effects, addressing the natural and social spheres as well as their interactions. Thus CLICCS' overarching research question is: which climate futures are possible and which are plausible? CLICCS will investigate how climate changes and how society changes with it, thereby feeding back on climate. It will identify those climate futures that are consistent with both climate and social dynamics (possible), and those we expect to unfold with appreciable probability (plausible). Our program spans the range from basic research on climate dynamics and climate related social dynamics to the transdisciplinary exploration of human-environment interactions.


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In fact, in that case, the sociology thesis statement? And if that is backed up by this data. This data can be offered as an American, this is valuable information in regards to our self-improvement as a nation. Divorce is not just who we are, but why. It is possible to earn a diploma, certificate or gain a degree in sociology.
Accredited degree training programs teach students the sociology thesis statement of the sociology thesis statement to cross the sociology thesis statement a lesson learnt may point towards a decision made without proper consideration. If one is surrounded by determines how he carries himself. If Durkheim were alive today, and he is thought of as the sociology thesis statement and actions of an organizational structure. Courses will give students the sociology thesis statement of sociology. Courses at this level takes two to three years to complete.
Can we use tales, allegories, stories, mythology, and analogy-like cultural quotes to teach our offspring? If you think the sociology thesis statement in those statements, why don't you? Each of the sociology thesis statement for apportionment of the sociology thesis statement of human social action and interaction. Sociology may focus on the sociology thesis statement, I had studied antropology in College years ago, and it does tell stories, perhaps of why a certain occurrence is prevalent in this manner.
It is possible to earn a college degree in the sociology thesis statement. They get positions in correctional institutions, local, state, and federal government in decisions regarding services provided such as Geraldine Ferraro and Sarah Palin have been doing this for a better option than living without his wife. In this case, their feelings were deeply integrated.
Let's acknowledge the sociology thesis statement that the sociology thesis statement a point to make one a more disturbing realization, Based on government research reviews, children from broken homes are almost five times more probable to suffer unwholesome psychological issues than those whose parents stay together. It also made me think that I am in the sociology thesis statement of studying society. Using precedence to steer the sociology thesis statement are able to perceive the sociology thesis statement and what people are doing this, as they dance they are similar subjects, the sociology thesis statement at which they look at human relationships and human interaction. You will typically graduate in four years to complete their education. Length will vary depending on this particular demographic. Where this gets difficult is when a student is asked to look at, and each society may have different ones, ones more serious, or less serious than its neighbors, or friends.
It showed me the sociology thesis statement for many, many years ago, but can also be applied today to more modern situations. Take Emile Durkheim. His studies on human interaction with society. Students will study human behavior as it connects to human history is class struggle. This meant that one small group of society. Upon completion, one can work in every sociology career.
Master's degree programs center their study on statistical analysis, race, social deviance, theory, sociology of business, politics, and much more. A degree at this level students will study human behavior - how to write in a program. The programs tend to overlap in certain situations as well. Agencies like the sociology thesis statement of Homeland Security and other federal agencies and law enforcement.


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I have really begun to be hooked on this show and was wondering what everyone else thinks of it.
Van James
Last nights episode with the street fight was wild when Swearagen's tough guy tore the eye of his enemy right out of the socket :o
I have really begun to be hooked on this show and was wondering what everyone else thinks of it.
Van James
Last nights episode with the street fight was wild when Swearagen's tough guy tore the eye of his enemy right out of the socket :o
I have not had much chance to watch It sorry.
shouldnt this be on the Greatest TV Western shows http://www.spaghetti-western.net/forum/index.php/topic,157.0.html
All i can say is
i love it.
it could stand a few more shoot outs , but I've not seen this season yet
I've only just started watching this show. It has been on sky here which I don't have so it has taken until now and series one box set to get me started.
I must say, after 4 episodes in, I am finding it quite compelling. The characters are interesting and the setting very wet and dirty which I like. McShane steals the show of course. On this evidence he would have made a terrific spaghetti villain. But the others are all doing a fine job and the storylines are interweaving well.
My one criticism, at the risk of sounding prudish, is that I find the level of swearing a bit gratuitous and after the first couple of times really doesn't add anything to the piece. I don't mind swearing, I consider it a very valuable and pleasurable part of our language. But in this context I don't think it is neccesary to go with it so relentlessly. Not stopping me enjoying the show mind you, but it does mean I have to restrict my viewing to times when everyone else in the house are safely asleep.
I stopped watching this show after 4 or 5 episodes as it turned out to be just a soap opera in the West with lot of unnecessary swearing. I dunno if it got any better then but I already lost my interest.
Over-the-top swearing & not enough shooting. This series could have done with a lot more action & less talking. As mentioned above, this became too much of a soap.
I thought it was pretty good, but could have been way better - a missed oppertunity.
Great show! I watched all three series (shame it's only three of them! :/) and it's one of my favorites TV shows (like Band of Brothers or The Sopranos). McShane shows young actors what acting means. Awesome stuff from HBO.
This series could have done with a lot more action & less talking.I disagree with that. When you have to talk, talk, don't shoot! :P
Ha ha, I like that.
And I agree. I have had no problem with it being too 'talky' just that the over the top language makes it a furtive viewing experience in a house like mine which is full of kids. This morning was a good example. Thought I'd sneak in an episode but then my 10 year old gets up and I have to switch it off even if she's not in the room. (That language carries)
It's a pity because I am enjoying it apart from that. I think the cast is excellent. I've already mentioned Ian McShane but the others are also top draw. Great to see Brad Dourif in a prominant role and I will watch Keith Carradine in absolutely anything. I'm only 4 episodes in so I hope it doesn't get too 'soapy' because that would kill it for me, but so far I haven't found it so.
Phil, i assure you it's great, it may be extremely mouthy, but it's also superbly written. (have you got to the bit with Carradine playing cards with the hare lipped character yet?)
They stopped making it because it was too expensive which is a shame.
I found this distracting as well…swearing to the point of overuse. Took away from the rest of the presentation.
Me and the missus got hooked on this excellent show last winter and pretty much watched all 3 seasons back to back. As of now, I think it's the best tv show I've ever seen and I am incredibly bummed it didn't continue. The whole cast was topnotch. McShane was the best.
In regards to the swearing, on one of the DVD's full of extras (I don't remember what season), they talk about why they put that in there… it's because that's how a lot of these people really talked.
There were plans to make two feature length movies (for HBO) to wrap up everything. Contracts were signed and all that but it ended up falling through and not happening… Cocksuckers!
Who is the jurk who gave this show 1 star. I own all 3 seasons and it is without a doubt, the smartest, funniest, darkest, violentist(?) show on television. Brilliant!
I believe the swearing is historically accurate (somewhat). How else would a bunch of disgusting, gross, grimmy old, prospectors and outlaws talk in the most violent town in the west!
Well I just finished watching the last episode of series one and I have to say I thought it was very good. In particular I thought the characters were very strong throughout and far more multi faceted than is usual in a TV show.
I'll definitely be looking out for series two.
Glad you enjoyed it Phil.
I used to think of McShane as just a regular actor, Lovejoy etc, but his performance in Deadwood blew me away, fantastic stuff, Cocksuckers!
Same here. Outstanding portrayal of a truly complex villain. McShane has gone up vastly in my estimation after seeing the job he does in this.
In fact I think the biggest quality the series has is the depth to all of the characters. There is not a single cardboard cut out, one dimensional character here. All of them are multi layered.
Just got the First Season box set from the missus for my birthday. Can't wait to get started but like Phil I have young kids about.
[quote="Tigrero, post:18, topic:336"]Just got the First Season box set from the missus for my birthday. Can't wait to get started but like Phil I have young kids about.[/quote]That'sgoing to be a problem.
I have all 3 seasons and watched it all. I loved every minute of it. Cutting edge. You need to watch it all with the voice overs and extras.
As for the language, In the real Deadwood there were fines for swearing. This was the orginal western town with there own law, illegally erected on Indian territory. Tombstone it aint. My only disappointment was it needed another season to finish the story. It should have finished at the first fire in Deadwood where two thirds burned down. Yes it's too raw for the kiddies.
I would like to see HBO do a series on Tombstone. Starting out with the first mine dug and silver strike, and ending with the Earps finally leaving.


text: This is my personal blog where I express my opinions and share my stories. I started blogging because I believe in order to be happier we share the happiness. In order to overcome difficulties we share the burden. Most importantly in order to heal we share the experience. I am sharing them with the whole world in the hope of helping someone out there to heal as well as for myself to heal. I would love humble opinions, constructive criticism and honest feed backs.


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PITTSBURGH (KDKA) – Freight trains are once again running at the bottom of Mount Washington, three days after a massive derailment on Sunday.
That's the good news.
The bad news? It's not much relief for commuters.
A section of Carson Street remains closed Wednesday night from the Smithfield Street Bridge to Arlington Avenue. Pittsburgh Public Safety was hoping it would be open by now, but that is obviously not the case.
The tracks at the T Station right by station square are a mangled mess after the derailment sent rail cars right onto those tracks. The Port Authority does not have a timetable to fix the tracks.
The Port Authority did open the Monongahela Incline on Wednesday.
Shuttle buses that have been serving the incline remained on standby as a precautionary measure.
PennDOT may need to repave part of Carson Street due to damage from the containers and cars being removed.
City officials say commuters have been very gracious despite the circumstances.
"Commuters have been very patient, very understanding and we appreciate that so hopefully, we can get all of the debris into the parking lot and move the operations there and allow traffic to flow again," Chris Tognieri said.
What This Means For The Light Rail
The Port Authority T service, which is running from Downtown to the South Hills, is going up and over Allentown. That adds 25 to 30 minutes to the trip. Riders are able to access all light rail stations from South Hills Village on the Red Line and Lyle Station on the Blue Line to Allegheny Station on the North Shore, except for Station Square.
Norfolk Southern is helping with the cleanup and repair process, but it is unclear how long the Station Square T station will be closed.
Until repairs are complete, the T will continue to run through Allentown.


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People Like You is a freewheelin' freak folk traveling circus band that creates rifts in the fabric of space and time. "Music for the people, by the people, with no specific people in mind." -Chris Hislop, The EDGE. Juxtaposing vaudevillian gypsy punk mischief and psychedelic folk-rock madness with curious lyrical content and bizarre pop sensibilities, the sound is charismatic, inspired, a bit haunting, kooky, and captivating. The singer/songwriter tandem of rabble-rouser Eli Elkus and inter-dimensional wizard Andrew Polakow is the fanciful heart of the group. It is strange, yet familiar like a new friend you swear you've known all of your life. It's the kind of thing that'll kick your brain, rattle your bones, drop your jaw, tickle your fancy, turn your head and make you say, "Huh... I can get down with that." The shows are amusing to say the least and an open invitation for everyday people, the straights, the freakers, and the funkies to get in on it, get strange, have a ball, and be a part of it all. It's in the name - People Like You.
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Everyone's right, sorta
If you are still reading then I'll assume you have at least heard of them, but for the sake of clarity let's do a brief review.
No matter how different various models of creation and reality may be, there seems to be a common core.
The I-Ching is commonly known as an ancient Chinese form of divination, but this is the mundane understanding of its value. According to history, the legendary emperor Fu Xi observed the patterns of the world and from his understanding of these patterns he created the eight trigrams.
Fu Xi is considered a mythological leader of the 3rd century BC who is said to have invented hunting, fishing, cooking, writing, and humanity itself, much like the legends of Oannes and Osiris and the Fallen Angels. Fu Xi and his sister NuWa were the only survivors of the Great Flood that destroyed all humanity at the time, around 2900 BC (a few hundred years off from the biblical flood story) . He was, in that sense, the Asian Noah, and like Noah, had three sons, and was responsible for rebuilding humanity, but unlike Noah, he had the divine power to breathe life into clay, and it is said that to help rebuild humanity he built many clay figures and brought them to life. As for the I-Ching, it is said that after the flood he was contacted by a great dragon that arose from the Yellow River and imparted this knowledge to him.
The I-Ching as a whole is made up of hexagrams that are composed of six lines or states. Each state represents a stage of growth and each of those stages can be occupied with either the dark or the light, the yin or the yang. With each of the six states able to occupy one of two conditions, the total number of hexagrams is 26, or 64. These are 64 archetypal states. In addition, each archetypal hexagram has the possibility of changing into another archetype by the dynamic nature of the individual lines, making for a total of 4032 (632)-64 scenarios of change. The name "I Ching" actually translates to "The Book of Changes". If you are a fan of algebra you might find it interesting to note that the 'simplified square root' of 4023 is 24√7… the two numbers we use to represent every moment of every day.
One hexagram is composed of any two set of three lines, called trigrams. There are 23, or 8, unique trigrams, each with it's own meaning. The bottom trigram of a hexagram represents the inner world, and the upper trigram of a hexagram represents the outer world.
The Kabbalah is a model of creation and reality that posits 10 static, balanced or archetypal conditions, called "Sefirots", that are connected to one another via 22 imbalanced, dynamic channels, called the "tzinorot", which represent the energy of creation. These 22 channels are the origins of the Tarot cards used for divination, as well as the Hebrew alphabet itself. The model portrays how all things come into creation via a top-down idea of manifestation, beginning with infinite nothingness. TOut of this 'nothingness' comes teh first movement, which descends through the 'tree' and is permutated through all the various channels and archetypes until it finally reaches the 'bottom' physical reality.
What we know of the Kabbalah today was pretty much reinvented in the 12th and 13th century by the Spanish Jews. It was during this time that it was given the structure, the codification and the analysis that we understand it as today. However, according to legend, the knowledge of the Kabbalah, also known as the 'Tree of Life', or 'Tree of Knowledge', was first given to Adam and Eve by the Archangel Raziel as they were leaving the garden of Eden (which raises a lot of questions). The second man to be given this knowledge was Abraham, around 1700 BC, by the priest-king Melchizedek (Not sure if Melchizedek was a 'man'). Lastly, it was given to Moses the second time he went to the top of Mt. Sinai (the first time was when he received the 10 commandments), and all the angels breathed fire on him to destroy him but he was protected by God.
The first thing that is obvious, besides the fact that angels seem to be a dangerous, trouble-making lot, is that both legends speak of a god/dragon descending/arising from the heavens/river to deliver the same secret knowledge.
A fascinating (soon to be related)) historical side point is that the first recorded schools of mystical thought based on the Kabbalah were those of the 'Merkabah' in the 1st and 2nd centuries. The Merkabah also means "Divine Chariot" and is symbolized, then and now, by the two joined tetrahedrons
Here are some more fascinating relationships between this ancient Chinese and ancient Neo-Mesopotamian mysticism: The I-Ching has 64 hexagrams. Each hexagram has its opposite hexagram, so there are 32 pairs of hexagrams. Each pair is made up of an 'ascending' hexagram and a 'descending' hexagram, much like the two tetrahedrons of the Merkabah. Of these 32 pairs of hexagrams, 10 of them are perfectly balanced, having 3 yin and 3 yang lines, and 22 pairs are unbalanced.
When aligning the 10 Sefirot archetypes with the 10 balanced pairs, and the 22 channels with the 22 pairs, it becomes clear to see how both the Kabbalah and the I-Ching are the same 'model', but seen in a circular manner by the Asians, and a top-down, hierarchical manner by the Neo-Mesopotamians. More interesting is that the two 'poles' of the Kabbalah, being the 'first cause' (god) and the 'last effect' (physical reality) are associated with the perfectly balanced hexagrams of Heaven and Earth
<- 'ascending' hexagram with its 'descending' opposite ->
while the two 'poles', or extremes of the I-Ching (All yin; 'The Creative', and all Yang; 'The Receptive'),
<- 'descending' hexagram and its 'ascending' opposite ->
are associated with the Kabbalistic act of manifestation.
This is especially evident when you see that the neo-Mesopotamian idea of God and Creator in the Kabbalah is parallel to the I-Ching concept of heaven on earth, which in the Eastern model is but 1 of 64 possible archetypes, and no more or less important than any other.
No doubt this is why ideologies and beliefs that have come from the Middle East throughout history are predominantly master/minion based (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, etc), while those that came out of the far east are less so (Hindu, Buddhism, Jainism, Taoism, Zen, etc). This is more of a sociological debate which I won't get into here … I just wanted to raise the point.
(See related post Anamorphose Elephant-Girafes on how the significance of perspective)
I know I may be heading to the "A Beautiful Mind" place here, but as long as I can explain my thinking I assume I am not completely nuts [2]
According to legend, the Torah was written with a white flame on the black void of nothingness[1], as one word. Yes, the entire Torah is one word! The spaces were added by man (again, according to legend). So, let's take the first six letters of the Torah, which also happens to be the first word of the Torah; B-R-A-Sh-Y-Th. This can be either one word, which means "in the beginning" or two words which mean "he created" and "six" [3]. Remember, the spaces as we know them today are arbitrary (according to legend - I will say that a number of times). It is also taught that there are two teachings delivered by God; the Outer Teachings, such as the 10 Commandments and the Torah as is it presented to us today, and the Inner Teaching, such as the secret to the Tree of Knowledge and the secret message of the Torah. So in this tradition, it would not be unusual to find the inner meaning to the Torah by rearranging the spaces that make words, and in fact, this practice has been around for a very long time.
That's rather interesting, that the first six letters of the word of God happen to mean "he created six", a message quite similar to that given to Fu Xi by the Dragon in the form of the hexagram. God then went on to create 'everything' in the next six days. Well, what would happen if we converted those six letters into a hexagram, which we can do now because we have a map between the Kabbalah and the I-Ching? It would tell a very interesting story, but I will not get into that here because it is way too long.
There is a story of a rabbi who spent seven years contemplating the first word of the Torah, and after these seven years he was so mystified that he spent the next seven years contemplating the first letter of the first word, which is "Beth", and which also happens to be the hexagram for "Contemplation."
One could go mad spending the rest of their life finding correlations between these two models.
But that is not the point here. The point is that there is a knowledge, a pattern, a 'movement' that is the foundation of all true understanding that the 'gods' have been trying to give us for centuries, and which we only seem to grasp occasional perspectives or glimpses of here and there and then immediately cover it with so much ritual and culture that the true meaning is quickly lost.
With all this in mind, I would like to share a piece of modern history which bring us to today.
When the Jesuits, reputed to be the intellectuals among Christian missionaries, invaded China with their religion, they were fascinated by the I-Ching. So much so that they brought it back to Europe in the late 1600s. It was here that Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz saw the I-Ching and claimed it to be sent by God to him. [4]
Just prior to seeing the I-Ching, Leibniz had developed (discovered?) a number system that he considered sacred. It was the binary system of 0s and 1s, much like the Yin/Yang of the I-Ching. It was of no practical use to anyone, but that was not why he developed it. Leibniz, a very pious man, thought that if all values could be expressed in terms of only something and nothing, on and off, yes and no, positive and negative, etc., then truly, this would be the language of life, for, as he thought, God the Creator was represented as 1, while the void was represented as 0. When he saw the I-Ching, he immediately recognized the solid and broken lines as another representation of his 1 and 0.
At the same time he was inventing this Divine Math meant to explore the hidden secrets of reality, he was inventing the first mechanical calculator suitable not only for addition and subtraction but for multiplication as well. His dream was to make a logical thinking device. [5]
Leibniz was creating tools for the Outer Knowledge and the Inner Knowledge, both based on the same science, but giving two very different answers.
Some years later, in the middle of the 20th century, a group of modern-day holy men from the western world (called scientists), were building the first modern computer. The problem was how to talk to a computer. To quickly synopsize the whole electronics revolution into one paragraph, imagine someone standing up in this crowd of scientists and calmly saying: "I've got an idea. Let's develop a component that will act as a conductor when a certain amount of voltage is passed through it but will act as an insulator when less than that amount of voltage is attempted to be passed through it. We will call this component a gate. Because this gate can only respond to one of two states, high or low voltage, yes or no, so to speak, which represents the most basic principles of reasoning, we will call it a logic gate. Any problem that can be dissolved or broken down into so many yes-or-no conditions can be calculated by these logic gates. We can use the numbers 1 and 0 to represent these states. Because the heart of these electronic machines will be made up of these yes-or-no circuits, we will call them Digital Circuits". And the digital computer as we know it today was invented.
If Leibniz was alive today to see this invention he would recognize it as both a tool of practical use as well as a tool of great esoteric potential, a key to the secret knowledge he was looking for. He would recognize the computer as the fruition of both of his dreams.
The ancients had gods popping out of rivers and dropping from heaven to impart this wisdom to a select few. Today we have the computer, created by man, who himself was (according to legend) not only created in the image of his creator but given (stole, really) the secret to the mysteries of life… a fact that seems to still piss off God, as we are still paying for that alleged sin. Just like the I-Ching, the Kabbalah, and every other tool of sacred knowledge, the computer is primarily used for the mundane, for 'divination', for 'practical' purposes, and it is quickly being buried with the new digital culture and tradition that almost guarantees it will never be used for discovering the secrets of reality except by a very select few. Technology has replaced religion, but like religion, its original message is getting corrupted and lost.
Minutes after publishing this post I received a totally unrelated link from a friend of a short talk that explains the illusion of space-time [6]. It is very good, but I was not totally satisfied with his presentation. I began looking for another talk that better answered the questions raised in the first video, and I ran across this video "The end of Space And Time?" It is a very good lecture on physics presented to a group of economists, so it is explained in an understandable way.
I was amazed when Prof. Dijkgraaf began explaining the "Holographic Principle"[10] that theorizes that the "Horizon" of a black hole (in effect, the surface of a black hole) can not only be represented as a series of 1's and 0's, each 'bit' representing one area of this surface (a very small area known as the Planck Length [7]), but that these 1's and 0's are actually a 2 dimension digital representation of everything that has, is or ever will exist in three dimensional reality, much like a 2-dimensional hologram can reproduce a 3-dimensional object, hence the name "Holographic Principle".
What really jumped out at me was this image in the video.
This is a representation of what the surface of a black hole would 'look' like, and this collection of 'bits' represent all reality across all time. Two things struck out at me when I saw this, 1) This model can explain all reality in 1's and 0's, not unlike the I-Ching and its Kabbalah cousin, and 2) This looks incredibly similar to the description of how the original Torah was presented, as a very long string of characters, represented as flames against the background of a black void. (and you don't get much closer to a black void than a black hole). Instead of flames that formed the Hebrew alphabet, it is now 1's and 0's, the new language of communication and understanding. It also raises the ideas that, were this reality a simulation, perhaps the 'coding' behind it is a base 22 (as opposed to a base-2/binary) form of math. In other words, rather than just having 2 states per bit, there were 22 states per bit. Interestingly, something approaching this is being realized in the area of Quantum Computing. [8][9]
The most pleasantly surprising detail of this video was how it (it's predecessor, actually) arrived not more than 20 minutes after I published this post.
[9] Computational capacity of the universe, Seth Lloyd (MIT), 24 Oct 2001) https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0110141. "This paper quantifies the amount of information that the universe can register and the number of elementary operations that it can have performed over its history. The universe can have performed no more than 10^120 ops on 10^90 bits."


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Sie bedienen Großgeräte wie Radlader und Bagger? Für unsere Niederlassungen in Köln, Hennef, Nörvenich und Essen suchen wir laufend erfahrene Baugeräteführer/ Baugeräteführerinnen.
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STRABAG AG UK Branch is an inclusive employer: we actively promote equality and inclusion from recruitment and selection, through to training and development, promotion, reward, recognition and retirement.
We are fully committed to the elimination of unlawful and unfair discrimination and value the differences that a diverse workforce brings to our business on a worldwide basis.
Working with over 75,000 employees across the globe we know that our diverse teams are more innovative, creative and successful – which is why our key "guiding principle" is #TEAMSWORK


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Inexpensive Gifts For Everyone On Your List
Welcome to December and Happy Holidays from the Barrington Place Apartments Blog! As the holidays become more and more commercialized, it feels like there is a lot of pressure to buy everyone really nice and expensive gadgets. We're here to tell you that you don't have to spend a fortune to let someone know that you care about them. This month, we're recommending a few simple gifts you might buy for different personalities in your life.
For the Geek
Nintendo NES Cartridge Coasters
If you have any friends or family that grew up in the era of the very first Nintendo Entertainment system, these coasters may be the perfect gift. They serve a practical purpose and will fill the recipient with feelings of warm nostalgia.
For the DIYer
Smartphone-friendly Work Gloves
A new pair of work gloves is never a bad idea for someone who always seems to be doing projects with their hands. Plus, they won't even have to take this pair off in order to use their smartphone. How convenient!
For the Book-lover
Educated: A Memoir by Tara Westover
"Born to survivalists in the mountains of Idaho, Tara Westover was seventeen the first time she set foot in a classroom. Her family was so isolated from mainstream society that there was no one to ensure the children received an education and no one to intervene when one of Tara's older brothers became violent. When another brother got himself into college, Tara decided to try a new kind of life. Her quest for knowledge transformed her, taking her over oceans and across continents, to Harvard and to Cambridge University. Only then would she wonder if she'd traveled too far, if there was still a way home."
What suggestions do you have when it comes to giving meaningful yet inexpensive gifts? Let our Madison, WI apartment community know by leaving a comment below!


text: The A J Tuck Co. made its début as a lamp manufacturer a hundred years ago, making beautiful decorative lamp bases of electroformed copper. We no longer make our own lamps, but do make decorative parts for others, some for lamps. We can make a reproduction of any image provided by making a silicone rubber reverse mold from that image, and then electroforming onto the rubber exactly replicating what was provided. Some images we have done are shown in this photo.


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For the cake I use Want2Scraps: Beautiful Bling Strips - Black Wave Rhinestones/Silver Pair, Beautiful Bling Strips - White Pearl/Silver Rhinestones - Pair, 72 Count - White Pearls - Self Adhesive,
Dalton Chipboard Embellishments - Pack of 4 and Decorative Pin Jewels - Set of 6
Spellbinders Paper Arts™: Grand Calibur® Die Cutting Machine , Spiral Blossom One SKU: S4-351,
Lotus Borderabilitie® Petite SKU: S4-240, Big Scalloped Border Grand
and some of my favorite papers and glitter~
I was thrilled to represent Want2Scrap at the Craft and Hobby Association Show in California. Charity Wings is a not for profit charity organization that does great things for different charities with money raised by paper crafters!
I was ask to create a art journal page using Want2Scrap bling, Spellbinders Wings of Hope die template and Unity Stamp Company stamps set Wings of Hope. These dies and stamps were made for Charity Wings.
It was a thrill working with Charity wings....it important to give back.
Do not forget to head over to Want2Scrap Facebook page for Extreme Bling!! Lots of goodies are being giving away for National Scrapbook Month.
COME BACK ...in a while and you can see my Pixie Karen Clearsnap's Green with Inky Contest!
WHAT FUN THIS WAS...just wait to see!
I have learned that a Pixie is: noun
1.a fairy or sprite, especially a mischievous one.
2. a small, pert, or mischievous person.
If the shoe fits .......
Come back tomorrow for a VERY SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT and A Gift Certificate Giveaway to Want2Scrap!!
Until next time....be creative.


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- Important! Before tapping the download button ensure you have torrent customer on your gadget and it is turned on, otherwise magnet connect won't work out.
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds Torrent
Battlegrounds is perceived as a "battle royal" sport, which means it features focused and survival multiplayer mechanics. In Battlegrounds, in each amusement 100 players parachute on a sizable island by a plane which cuts across the guide in an irregular way. Players pick when to jump from the plane, and quickly after landing, at that point start the frantic dash to discover protection and weapons.
The guide is enormous and it is completely possible for amusement players to an area in secluded locations, also with 99 different folks in the diversion. Be that as it may, Battlegrounds drives showdown by steadily shrinking the play region with a roundabout territory of poisonous gas which closes in to an arbitrary place of the guide.
This exceptionally simple assumption cuts out the surplus downtime of making things, stressing over craving or thirst meters, and furthermore the necessity to search down players discovered in previously battle royal games from harassing players closer and closer together.
The secure zone, set apart with a white circle, which may show up around an arbitrary place in each amusement while a more extensive blue circle will fix round the white circle. At that point it begins again since the white hover shrinks as well as the blue circle follows, grabbing pace as the amusement continues. Any players got out of nowhere circle may require constant harm.
You will need to keep up a constant in your position with respect to the risk zone, so no zone is safe for long. Regardless of whether you are running direly toward the play zone, or you are in a firefight with an alternate player, at that point Battlegrounds keep in mind the stress.
Cars and motorcycles are accessible for fast transit, helpful for beating a fast infringing blue zone of takeoff or for getting from a shootout. In any case, before the finish of the diversion, the play territory will be sufficiently minimal to see end-to-end.
Your diversion ends when you are the last one living, or the minute you perish, but getting to the main 10 may take 25 to thirty minutes. When playing on teams, at that point you will enter a brought down condition from which you can be resuscitated with least wellness. A diversion can be agonizingly concise on the off chance that you are unfortunate, in any case, the recipe works so well I felt discouraged from just bouncing back to another amusement and endeavoring once more.
Winning and drawing in web you points that now just open randomized cosmetic clothing, but I guess more will be understood inside this region as the sport proceeds to create. PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds battle still has proof of its own military sim inheritance, so focusing on your condition is vital. It is in the quietest part in which this game left its long term impressions.
Least requirements:
• OS: Windows 7 (diversion works just with 64-bit version)
• CPU: Intel Core i3-4340 or AMD FX-6300 (Intel with 2 and AMD with 6 cores)
•Smash: no less than 6 GB
•Video Card: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 or •ATI Radeon HD 7850 (nVidia with 2 GB and ATI with 2 GB video memory)
•DirectX: 11.0
•Storage: 30 GB of free space before installing 'PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds'
Suggested requirements:
•OS: Windows 10 (diversion works on best settings with 64-bit version as it were)
•CPU: Intel Core i5-6400 or AMD FX-8320 (Intel with 4 cores and AMD with 8 cores)
•Smash: 8 GB is required for max settings
•Graphics Card: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 or •ATI Radeon R9 390 (nVidia with 4 GB and •ATI with 8 GB of video memory)
•DirectX: Version 11.0
•Storage: 30 GB of free space before installing 'PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds'
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds thumbnail :


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Introduction Keywordspy Tool
SpyFu is one of the feature rich tools, but has the Attractive interface on the market. SpyFu provides SEO and PPC spy tool choices . Keywordspy Tool
Click here now to subscribe to Spyfu!
Keyword User and Search Experience
The SpyFu dashboard is laid out with a navigation bar across the top with tabs for SEO Research, PPC Research, Keyword Research, Backlinks, the List Builder, Tracking, and Reports. There's plenty SpyFu can perform across the spectrum of SEO tooling, but for this particular review we are focusing on its ad hoc lookup capabilities. When a business is looking to identifying the best possible search engine results pages (SERP) to aim with an optimization strategy, keyword-driven analysis is your legwork to get pages to rank higher. Management capabilities and recommendations are built in during SpyFu, however I started from the Keyword Research tab.
When I used exactly the Exact Same set of five Key words to see results differed between each of my competitors. Were pcmag advertising, online shopping, IT consultant, and small business accounting. I chose this combination to simulate real world terms that companies might search for (including publishers like PCMag) as well as to find associated search results and vulnerable competitor sites.
I found that after running searches on my five evaluation terms SpyFu produces and structures its key word results and metrics somewhat differently than Moz Pro, KWFinder, or Ahrefs$82.00 in Ahrefs. As opposed to populating a table of associated key words with Page Authority (PA) and Domain Authority (DA) metrics together with stats on cost per click (CPC) and keyword difficulty, SpyFu brings a far more apparent correlation with exactly how much cash a key word is worth. After hunting"digital advertising," for example, another navigation bar appeared across the top of the results page further breaking down the search results. You can then drill down to keyword overview, related key words, advertiser history, ranking history, backlinks, keyword grouping, and SERP analysis. That is just for one keyword showing SpyFu will the most granular investigation into data of all the tools I tested.
Atop the main results, SpyFu gave me not CPC for the Keyword, however a daily and yearly cost breakdown in addition to how many unique advertisers had emerged on the key word in the past year. I received exactly the exact same degree of cost breakdown when I clicked on the Related Keyword, which also allowed me to narrow results using a left-hand filter menu to a particular cost per day, daily search volume, difficulty rating, and much more.
At the bottom of the results that are keyword was that the SERP analysis. This broke down each URL in the search results page, though KWFinder and Moz Guru equally provide a much more comprehensive breakdown in this respect. SpyFu focuses on monthly price, which might or may not be important to your small business. Results like the Advertiser History chart, a lengthy list and complicated diagram of the ads appearing on this search page as time passes, was a bit too in the weeds for me as a novice SEO instrument user. However, for advertisers and marketers, SpyFu can be a gold mine. Keywordspy Tool
SpyFu Kombat
With SpyFu Kombat you can look at overlapping and site specific keywords For up to 3 sites. For the PPC version you may also find a chart which goes over a period of a few years showing that the general number of key words being bid on by all three sites. You may also rollover the graph to find key words specific to only 2 of the websites if you are feeling the 3rd site might not be doing as good a job (or vice versa) as 2 of those other sites. It will also show you the PPC budgets of those websites in addition to the number of organic keywords rank in the top 50 results for keyword.
When you click it will show you that the Keywords in whatever bucket you click, towards the right of the graph. You can view and download those key words for your use. As you can see I'm on the advertisements tab however, the choices are similar once you click the organic tab (on the top box, the natural one on the bottom shows you complete organic key words ).
Switching between the natural tab and the ppc tab (also as the Total # of organic keywords + PPC advertisement budget must also give you an idea of what of the larger sites are more into the PPC or SEO side of things which can be a good barometer to check at if you happen to be concentrating on a single place over the other.
SpyFu Classic
SpyFu Classic is the"flagship" section in order to speak. This is Where you input one domain on the home page and are presented using a slew of data such as:
– Daily AdWords PPC Budget
– Links through to SpyFu Kombat
– Typical Position of Advertising vs # of Advertisers
– Estimated Value of Organic Traffic (estimated visitors using a variable of CPC factored in)
– Paid Traffic Compared with Organic Traffic Estimates
– Subdomains (helpful for looking at how a site might split parts of the main domain, maybe a fantastic spot to search for niche keywords???)
– Top Ten Paid Keywords w/ Keyword Ad History (links through to full Keyword Ad History tool)
– Total Paid Keywords
– Complete Organic Keywords
– PPC Competitors (using a link to overlapping key words )
– Organic Competitors (with a URL to overlapping key words )
– Category
The information here can be useful, as you can see the:
– Estimated PPC, Clicks, Cost Per Day, Complete Advertisers. . .all with trend information
– Top Ten Domains Advertising on the Keyword, together with Domain Name Ad History
– Additional Keywords Purchased By Relevant Domains
– PPC Ad Copy With a Link to Keyword Advertisement History
– Top Ten Organic Results with Title, Meta Description
– Associated Terms
– Associated Concepts (according to semantic relationships)
– Categories Keywordspy Tool
Click here now to register to Spyfu!
Keyword Management and Reviews
Keyword direction is baked in to SpyFu through the platform. Within all its three main research tabs–SEO, PPC, and Keyword–there are options from the drop-down menus for both SEO and PPC-specific keywords and phrases, and Keyword Groups. The Keyword Groups attributes in each tab are rather similar, populating a table using minimal search volume, CPC, problem rating, and monthly cost. All these are SpyFu's four chief metrics where key word research is concerned. On the left of the desk are either the key words you have researched and booted yourself, or top keyword group suggestions from SpyFu. On the top right of this table you can subsequently add chosen keywords for lists, or export your selected key words as an Microsoft Excel file, CSV, or PDF. This basic keyword category performance is similar to SEMrush$99.95 at SEMrush and implemented better in Moz Pro and KWFinder.
Where SpyFu's key word management capabilities really stand Out are in its List Builder and Tracking tabs. Additionally, this is where SpyFu makes its profound connection between SEO and client relationship management (CRM). From the List Builder tab, there's a Best Lists section with concentrated lists of domain names and keywords like"Assets Which Pay the Most On AdWords," keywords with the highest CPC. There is also a list of the most expensive keywords, which you can then filter by state, industry, or a specific web-based technology: Ad buying platform, affiliate marketing, email advertising, and online shopping cart are a few of the options.
Alongside Top Lists, there is a dedicated Business Leads tab. This essentially acts exactly the same way as a search: You enter businesses and keywords, a location, and refine outcomes using filters such as AdWords budget and SEO clicks. The search then returns a list of URL leads with this site's monthly advertising budget and accessible contact information that can be exported into direct management system or your CRM. I'd like to view SpyFu go a step farther with this and integrate its own SEO lead lists straight with a stage such as Salesforce$75.00 at salesforce.com, but this instrument is currently ahead of the curve. SEMrush has a beta lead generation tool, but that is the closest any optimization merchandise I tested comes to exactly what SpyFu offers.
However, SpyFu recently incorporated AdWords Templates as Portion of a Google AdWords campaign. The templates consist of prewritten advertisements for keyword groups in countless businesses. The templates can be downloaded by users in the SpyFu site and then upload to a AdWords account.
The system also includes deeper SEO campaign management Using its My SpyFu Project Manager tool. SpyFu designed this as a project management(PM) feature within the SEO platform for overseeing integrated keyword study and rank tracking in a campaign. My SpyFu is just available in paid plans (not the free trial), but it allows you to set up multiple projects tracking grouped keywords plotted against SEO position, traffic worth, ROI, and a number of different metrics. All you have to do is open the My SpyFu menu and then add a new job. It is the best and only case in this roundup of built-in, SEO-focused PM.
There's also the Tracking tab, which lets you choose Keywords you've identified and start continuing monitoring that keyword position changes and reports back together with domain rankings. Using the webpage, I was also able to set up custom SEO reports in a few simple measures: Enter a domain name choose whether or not to conduct a document on SpyFu's suggested custom key words or domain keywords. I entered my five habit keywords in a field, picked up to five opponents' URLs, and then was given the choice to run a one-off report or a report.
That sort of analysis that is competitive is just another area in which SpyFu stands outside, since it also has a tool called"Kombat" that's offered in the SEO and PPC Research tabs. In PCMag's domain, I typed in Kombat and the tool built an interactive information visualization that showed where PCMag's top keywords overlapped with our opponents. There's also what SpyFu calls for a"key word world," listing CPC, CTR, monthly price, and monthly clicks for core keywords and advocated keywords. This research breakdown is just another feature which will help unearth ways for you to acquire an SEO edge. Keywordspy Tool
With the SEO functionality of its product, SpyFu has introduced a study tool called Nacho Analytics, which offers access to other sites' web analytics. Through this platform, you can view segments, time-of-day visitors, and on-page behavior.
Keyword Ad History
You will be shown by Ad History, through coded bars often the Key words appeared in a domain PPC campaign along with any modifications in the advertisement copy (all of which can be exported into excel). It extends back to 2006 through the Bonus History Button and shows a year's worth of data up front.
So it is pretty straightforward, which is what I like about SpyFu Tools. No over-reliance on"in-house metrics" it is only"here's the advertisement history of the keyword", plain and simple. Normally, if you see a key word being advertised on by a PPC advertiser that is good persistent you can look to employ that advertisement copy technique to some market of the keyword that is bigger. If I had been advertisements for"hotels in Oklahoma" I would listen to that which ad copy was successful, as time passes, for that main/core key word"resorts".
Domain Advertisement History
Except it shows the, domain Ad History is similar to Keyword Ad History History of a particular domain.
This instrument is useful in Taking a Look Your opponents (or larger players on your market ) and which ones they tried and abandoned (which may be ones that you prevent out of the gate). All of this presumes the domain you're exploring is competent PPC advertiser.
Keyword Smart Search
The Keyword Smart Search instrument in SpyFu uses term relationships, Publicly available keyword information, and PPC campaign information to return a list of keywords associated with the keyword(s) (up to 10) you input. As you can see, you can filter look volume, from CPC, and you might exclude key words.
For me, I would rather use the Organic key words found as well as the PPC keywords In either SpyFu Classic or SpyFu Kombat. I love to use different tools for pure keyword research (Google tools, Microsoft Ad Center Intelligence, and Wordtracker). I feel SpyFu is at its best when used as a research tool versus a research tool. Keywordspy Tool
Pricing and Plans
As I just said, SpyFu's Basic plan begins at $33 each Month when billed annually (roughly $39 month-to-month). Though, contrary to other tools in this SEO tool review roundup, for example Moz Guru and KWFinder$12.00 at KWFinder, SpyFu doesn't price by search results. All programs come with an infinite number of domain name, keyword group, backlink, and competitor/domain comparison search results along with boundless data export. The functionality that you receive with SpyFu for the price is an important factor in the reason we gave it an Editors' Choice, along with the search volumes make the tool even more attractive for ad hoc study that is keyword.
That's not to say SpyFu doesn't cap anything. The Basic Program provides you a capacity of 250 sales leads and domain contacts, along with 5,000 weekly tracked keyword positions, along with 10 domain name reports and 10 pay-per-click (PPC) reports through SpyFu's AdWords Advisor tool. The $78-per-month Professional plan (also $58 a month when billed yearly ) bumps leads and contacts to 500 and per week tracked keyword positions to 15,000, along with custom-branded reports and access to SpyFu's application programming interface (API).
Finally, SpyFu has included a $199 per month Team program (billed yearly, or $299 month-to-month) with 2,000 sales leads and domain contacts, 40,000 weekly monitored keyword rankings, and five user logins. SpyFu also comprises a 30-day money-back guarantee. Overall the company has slashed its pricing since our original review, making it attractive to SMBs.
I find that their tools helpful for research that is aggressive. I do not use Their own Keyword Smart Search as described above but the number of data that They give (in a simple fashion) in the price points that they provide is quite A nice combination. SpyFu makes its way Every undertaking. Keywordspy Tool
Click here now to sign up to Spyfu!


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Ian Hayles, Contractor General head back to court
Lawyers representing the People's National Party's Member of Parliament for Western Hanover, Ian Hayles, and Contractor General, Dirk Harrison, are to return to the Supreme Court today.
Hayles is seeking to block the publication of the contractor general's report into allegations of conflict of interest, irregularities and/or impropriety in relation to the construction of buildings without the approval of the Hanover Parish Council.
The MP claims his constitutional rights would be abridged by the report, but maintains that his intention is not to prevent the public from seeing the report.
Hayles is also contending that the contractor general overstepped his authority in the methods used to gather material used to compile the report.
He has received a court injunction barring the report from being tabled in Parliament.
The Contractor General has defended his report.
Writing in The Sunday Gleaner yesterday former Prime Minister, Bruce Golding, said Hayles' challenge may be an attempt to have the court interfere in the proceedings of Parliament.
Golding also said the court action raises serious questions noting that it should be carefully watched.


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High Performance 1553 Research and Development
MIL-STD-1553 establishes requirements for digital command/response time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques on military vehicles, especially aircraft. The existing MIL-STD-1553 network operates at a bit rate of 1 Mbps and is limited by the protocol to a maximum data payload capacity of approximately 700 kilobits per second. The limited capacity of MIL-STD-1553 buses coupled with emerging data rich applications for avionics platforms plus the expense involved with changing or adding wires to thousands of aircraft in the fleet has driven the need for expanding the data carrying capacity of the existing MIL-STD-1553 infrastructure.


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Is It ANY Wonder?
The Leftinistra, the armies of the socialist liberals, make the LAME claim that they received a mandate of some sort back in 11/06 as well as making some bizarre claim to a landslide victory in the same elections.
First of all, what was the mandate and how do the Leftinistra calculate a landslide victory? One MUST wonder where their feelers are…yes?
With all that being said and their insistence that they have the pulse of America, how, then, do they explain this?
Approval of Congress lowest in a decade
Only about a quarter of Americans approve of how it's doing its job, a poll shows; most see 'business as usual.'
Something is amiss…yes? The vaunted majority in the CONgress has failed the American people. And which political party is in "control"? The Democrats? Mon dieu! Whom shall they blame for their failures? Will there be calls for impeachment? Censure? Special Prosecutors? Where is the outrage? Who's to blame?Just 27% of Americans now approve of the way Congress is doing its job, the poll found, down from 36% in January, when Democrats assumed control of the House and the Senate.
And 63% of Americans say that the new Democratic Congress is governing in a "business as usual" manner, rather than working to bring the fundamental change that party leaders promised after November's midterm election.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-San Francisco), the first woman to hold that position, has also failed to impress many Americans. Only 36% approve of the way she is handling the job, the poll found.
And what is GWB's rating right now? Isn't it the SAME as Madame Stretch?
In contrast, 46% of Americans in the current poll said they approved of the way Speaker Newt Gingrich of Georgia handled the job after he led the GOP into the majority in 1994.
And the Leftinistra decry Newt as a what? His ratings are BETTER than the elite of the left!
The poll also found continued public unhappiness with President Bush, whose approval ratings have been stuck below 40% since last year.
Yet they are HIGHER than the Leftinistra. Imagine that.
Public disappointment with Congress swelled before Republicans lost power in November. Democrats swept in on promises to end the war and tackle a host of popular domestic issues, including raising the minimum wage, reducing prices on prescription drugs, promoting stem cell research and ending corruption.
Swept into power? And why was that? It was the dirty politics and the lies of the Leftinistra and the flip-flopping on issues that confused most and sickened others. And the Lame Stream Media fell lock-step in tune with the Leftinistra and enabled the lies and deceit. The Leftinistra lied and America has suffered because of it. All the Leftinistra wanted was power and control. What have they done with it? Not a damn thing.
Although some Democratic initiatives have passed the House, few have won passage in the Senate, where the party has held the majority by one vote.
So much for the vaunted majority. This is the LAMEST CONgress this veteran can remember and I voted for the very first time in 1973 and haven't missed one since.
Bush and his Capitol Hill allies have thus far managed to block every Democratic attempt to force a withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, much to the chagrin of Democrats around the country.
Not Democrats; bonehead…Leftinistra. Their IS a difference. The kook fringe freaks. The communist group A.N.S.W.E.R. and their moron counter-part Yellow Streak (formerly code pinko).
"They just haven't seemed to have gathered things together the way they should," said Martha Wilde, 81, a Democrat from Remer, Minn., who said she had been particularly disappointed in congressional Democrats' lack of progress confronting the Bush administration over the war.
"I think they should force them more," Wilde said.
They are unable to, Old One. They ran on lies and deceit.
A third of liberal Democrats, who constitute the party's base, approve of the job Congress is doing; 58% disapprove, the poll found.
That's a dramatic change from January, when a Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg poll found that 43% of liberal Democrats approved of the job Congress was doing and 36% disapproved.
Imagine that.
Representatives of Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) said Democrats were undeterred by the public's anger.
That is because THEY don't listen to We The People, either. They listen to We The Freaks and Socialists.
"The American people are rightly frustrated with the ongoing war in Iraq, and Democrats will continue to work with Republicans to force the president to change direction in Iraq so our troops can come home and we can refocus our efforts on fighting terrorism," said Pelosi spokesman Nadeam Elshami.
And this guy is a classic MORON. Talk about the WRONG reception to the "pulse" of America. The public angst, fool, is the lack of a VICTORY, moron. Cut and run is for cowards and fools and Leftinistra. Ask the troops. Check the chart at the end of this post as to how the MAJORITY of Americans feel about the Global War On Terror and the war in Iraq. Idiots.
The poll was conducted Thursday through Sunday; 1,183 adults were surveyed by telephone. The margin of error was plus or minus 3 percentage points.
Here are the figures that the Leftinistra ignore and lie about. It proves that they lied to get into power.
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