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Please refer to the information on the Planning Portal pages Introduction to appeals for the latest guidance if you are the applicant and wish to make an appeal against a planning decision. IMPORTANT– on 18/06/2019 the Planning Inspectorate...More info
Search for Planning Information Using Online Mapping
To search using our online GIS (Geographical Information System) mapping system we recommend using a fast internet connection due to the large amount of data on the maps. Go straight to online mapping if you have used our system previously You...More info
Hyndburn Local Plan Consultation Video 2019
Business Rates
National Non Domestic Rates (NNDR), also known as business rates are charged on non-domestic or commercial properties and help fund local services. Commercial properties are given a rateable value by the Valuation Office Agency. This rateable...More info
Our Financial Challenges
Revenue We currently spend around £11m each year on a range of services for people who live and work in Hyndburn. People make use of our services most days. Refuse and recycling collections, parks and play areas, sports and leisure, protecting...More info
What we do
What we are responsible for Food safety is a major part of the Food and Safety Officer's work. Our job is to ensure that food business supply wholesome and safe food produced in a clean, hygienic manner. The statutory functions of the Food...More info
Health and safety
Acupuncture, ear-piercing, tattooing, electrolysis The Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982 requires that all persons that carry out acupuncture, tattooing, semi- permanent make up, ear piercing and electrolysis be registered with...More info
For the public
We can assist you with food hygiene in the home. Before contacting the team directly we suggest that you view the Food Standard Agency's (FSA) website as this provides comprehensive food safety advice for members of the public. The FSA provide...More info
Food safety for business
Environmental health officers aim to ensure that all food and drink intended for human consumption by Hyndburn's food businesses is produced, stored, distributed or handled without risk to the health and safety of the consumer. We will also...More info
Street Trading
Hyndburn Borough Council operates a street trading consent scheme under the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982, for all street trading activities such as hot food vehicles, ice cream vans and flower stalls. This page outlines...More info
Planning Policy in Hyndburn
Planning policies shape how places will be developed in the future. They provide the policy framework for the long-term development of the Borough and are the basis upon which planning decisions are based. View the Hyndburn Local Plan 1996 and...More info
Business Rates Revaluation 2017
From 1st April 2017, all commercial buildings and offices in the borough have been given a new rateable value which is used to calculate the amount of business rates a business occupying that space has to pay. This process is known as...More info


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Our Process
More than 100 Million Americans don't have access to traditional high-speed internet. According to the FCC over 30 percent of Rural Americans don't have access to internet that meets the minimum standard for "Broadband". As a result: businesses, families, and schools across the country struggle to keep up with the demands of daily life. When government and corporations struggle to fix the problem, Patriots step up and get the job done.
We will give you all the information you need to decide that Patriot Broadband is the perfect investment for you – and then walk you through each step of purchase and build out.
Step 1 - Contact Us
The first step to buying a franchise is to call us
Speak To Our Franchising Experts
We will give you all the information you need to decide that Patriot Broadband is the perfect investment for you – and then walk you through each step of purchase and build out.
Step 2 - Learn The Process
Learn about our company, products and services
Getting To Know Our System And How It Works
Learn more about our company, the services that we provide and the technology we use.
Step 3 - Sign Documents
Legal documents
View And Agree To All Legal Documents
Once you decide to move forward, our team will help you every step of the way with all the documents necessary to get you started
Step 4 - Training
Training for you and your staff
Get All The Training You Need To Be Sucessful
Franchisees will take part in an intensive, one-week training program with the Patriot Broadband team. Market analysis, infrastructure development, transmitter placement and more will be discussed, and support will always be just a phone call away once the training is complete.
Step 5 - Launch Your Business
The grand opening!
We Will Help You Get Ready For The Grand Opening
We will help you get ready for your opening day
Ready To Get Started?
Learn More about Starting Your Patriot Broadband Franchise.
Patriot Broadband is a franchise opportunity like no other and the very first Wireless Internet Service Provider Franchise company. Franchisees can look forward to a strong network of support. In the last few years we have learned how to deliver the very best customer service. And we have experience tackling any challenge you are faced with as you set up your own Patriot franchise. We're proud to be a best in class offering and franchisees can be confident they have an experienced operations team to rely on.
Contact Us Today To Get Started!
Operating a Patriot Broadband Franchise is simple. We give franchisees the ability to tap into large existing fiber optic networks, so they can transmit internet using radio waves from transmitters placed on small towers. Best of all customers aren't locked into a contract, and this is the way internet service should be!

subset: commoncrawl


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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting, with eventual paralysis. Patients with ALS lose the ability to walk, speak, swallow, and breathe, which leads to respiratory failure and death. The only currently approved therapy for ALS delays the onset of ventilator dependence and death by only 1-2 months, leaving a signficant unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. Approximately 10% of cases of ALS are hereditary forms of the disease caused by specific gene mutations that result in the production of abnormal proteins that are toxic to motor neurons. ODC director Dr. Wilson and his team within Penn's Gene Therapy Program are developing AAV gene therapy approaches to treat both hereditary and non-hereditary forms of ALS.
Follow this link if you would like to make a contrubution to our work within this program area.


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Business Networking Done Differently
Great businesses doing great things together
Expression of interest – New Region
Interested in establishing a Synergy48 Team in your region?
Synergy48's mission is to bring together teams of outstanding B2B businesses working collaboratively to help members and their clients build more profitable and sustainable businesses and make a difference in the world. Great businesses doing great things together..
We are committed to assisting B2B professionals who want to take a leadership role in Synergy48's mission through the establishment of new teams in their region. Synergy48 will directly support the establishment, marketing and growth of new teams.
Opportunities are open for both Facilitators and Leadership Team members.
Ideal candidates meet the following criteria:
- You are an independent B2B business professional.
- Your ideal clients are SME business owners. (Not micro businesses or large businesses)
- You have the ability to schedule your own time and you are able to commit to attending one Team Meeting and one Knowledge Sharing Dinner each month.
- You have strong communication, leadership and facilitation skills. (Essential for those interested in a Facilitator role)
- You are looking for increased exposure and opportunities to grow your business.
- You want to develop a strong network of B2B specialists who can add real value to your clients.
- You share the Synergy48 Group core values of professional excellence, teamwork, truth, and business for good.
Expression of Interest - New Synergy48 Group Regional Team
Quality Control
Our Latest Customer Feedback Results (Live Feed)
Site Links Menu
Contact Info
Postal Address:
Suite 563 / 585 Little Collins Street
Victoria 3000
Business Hours:
10.00am to 4.00pm, Monday to Wednesday
——— Closed all day, Thursday
10.00am to 4.00pm, Friday


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VAT included.
|0.00 €
Reimagine your little ones' wardrobe with unique print designs from our exciting UT Babies' collection. Discover charming printed T-shirts, dresses, leggings, bodysuits, gift sets and so much more, all featuring the characters and icons they know and love presented in an array of colours, patterns and prints.
At UNIQLO, we're constantly striving to further our sustainability initiatives, which is why we're partnering with the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI*) to improve cotton farming globally.
Discover a new UT collection for babies that celebrates the 50th anniversary of the world-famous Japanese manga series, Doraemon. Choose from playful prints inspired by some of Doraemon's signature secret gadgets, such as the Hopter, the Anywhere Door, and the Time Machine.
The popular Disney characters we all know and love take a vacation to Hawaii in this fun collection for all the family. Discover graphic prints featuring Mickey Mouse wearing vibrant hibiscus-patterned trousers and Minnie Mouse with a lei around her neck.
Come and join the wonderful world of Peppa Pig in this brand new collection designed just for little piggies. Make yourself at home with Peppa and her family and enjoy days filled with fun, games and jumping in muddy puddles!
Popular characters Gaspard et Lisa and Curious George have sprung out of their picture books for an exciting new UT collection of graphic printed T-shirts.
Finlayson, founded in 1820, is by far the most beloved textile brand in Finland and almost all Finns have a strong bond with their design. Finlayson has contributed to the birth of Scandinavian design and this collection consists of gems from their archives.
Our newest UT collection for babies and toddlers pays homage to two world-famous clay animation characters. First is Pingu the penguin, who was born in 1984 as the brainchild of animators Otmar Gurmann and Harald Muecke. The second is Shaun the Sheep, who lives on an idyllic sheep farm set in the beautiful countryside, where he goes on wild adventures with his flock and the farm sheepdog Bitzer.
Recapture the important youthful experience of reading an exciting storybook with our new Disney Stories UT Collection. We hope that everyone of every gender or generation remembers their own stories through this collection, passing these meaningful experiences onto the next generation.
Mickey and his pals are together again in this exciting new Magic For All Icons UT Collection! Discover graphic prints featuring iconic character poses and celebrate the magic of Disney with a lineup of designs made for everyone all around the world!
Discover the new Disney Holiday Collection and celebrate the Winter season with your favourite characters. Enjoy staying warm and cosy when it's cold out with these snug loungewear pieces inspired by the world of Disney.
Scandinavian ceramicist, designer and artist Lisa Larson reinvents her popular and beloved animal characters in a selection of charming new UT T-shirts for women and kids.
Scion is an upbeat brand designed for everyone created with a trend-savvy customer in mind. This collaborative collection boasts fresh colours and clean Scandinavian-inspired designs in line with Scion's enduringly universal appeal.
This is a collection that colourfully depicts the unlimited possibilities that Lego® Blocks have for learning while having fun.
Pieter Ceizer is a Dutch typographer and artist living and working in Paris. His work varies from minimalist script design to dynamic and colorful abstract compositions. Ceizer's skillful play of written words brings a balanced mix of humor, poetry and empowerment. Exclusively for UNIQLO, Ceizer designed the 'No Worries Club' collection, celebrating free spirit and positivity.
UNIQLO is proud to present a brand new collection of Mickey Stands graphic prints, charming designs featuring classic Mickey iconography for fans big and small.
Adventures await with Moomintroll, Moominmamma and Moominpappa as the beloved inhabitants of Moominvalley return to UT in this brand new collection for babies! Featuring adorable bodysuits and pyjama sets for little ones.
Charlie Brown and Snoopy have returned to UNIQLO. Peanuts, the internationally-loved American comic strip created by Charles Schulz, has been translated into 21 languages in more than 2,200 newspapers in 75 countries. Now discover all the charm and learned wit of the world's favourite comic strip characters in this brand new graphic print collection.


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Elizabeth Taylor being buried Thursday
By Sean O'Connell
Hollywoodnews.com: One day after Elizabeth Taylor passed away in Los Angeles' Cedar-Sinai hospital, the iconic actress and celebrity is set to be buried according to the practices of her faith, it is being reported.
Taylor converted to Judaism "for her marriages to Mike Todd and Eddie Fisher," People notes, so the actress's family is "following the rules of the religion [about] being buried soon after her death."
A funeral will be held today, Thursday, at Forest Lawn in Glendale, CA. The ceremony will be reserved for family members of the 79-year-old star.
People reports that a public memorial for Taylor "will take place at a later date."
Follow Hollywood News on Twitter for up-to-date news information.
Hollywood News, Hollywood Awards, Awards, Movies, News, Award News, Breaking News, Entertainment News, Movie News, Music News
Photo courtesy of PRPhotos.com.


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Loveless Manga is Coming Back with Volumes of New Content
Yun Kouga's popular shounen-ai Loveless manga will be back with 2-3 new volumes' worth of content, says the mangaka in an interview published in the just-released Loveless Fan Book. Find out what more she said in the interview below!
In the same interview, the author tells us that Loveless was born to be just 5 volumes and that she had no intention of going on as far as she currently is (12 volumes and counting).
This said, the manga has already developed so much of the story, that bringing it to a true end will need 2-3 additional volumes.
The publishing of the final part of the story, marking Loveless' end-of-hiatus, will begin in autumn.
Source: Loveless Fan Book (Amazon.co.jp link)
Do you think she should have ended it when she has initially planned to?


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Our mission at Socedo is to help you discover, engage with, and qualify prospects through social, at scale. To achieve success with Socedo, just like any other demand gen initiative, you want to take a test-and-learn approach. Our best customers are the ones who take the time to develop their criteria keywords and test multiple messages/offers. In addition, they make it a habit to log into their accounts regularly to learn from their results and make adjustments to their campaigns. We want … [Read more...]
An Overview of Onboarding Success with Socedo
We're pleased to share that we've designed a new onboarding experience to help our customers achieve long-term success. As a Socedo customer, you'll work with a dedicated Customer Success Manager who will guide you through your Socedo implementation and be a B2B marketing resource for you. This person will spend time with you to understand your business goals, and help you develop strategies and tactics for achieving those goals using Socedo. In addition, he or she will keep you posted about … [Read more...]
New Socedo Reports Gain Deeper Insights from Integrations
Although it's only been a couple of months, it seems like a year since Socedo launched its new integration with HubSpot, adding to our existing capabilities with Marketo and Salesforce. Just three weeks ago, we launched our Social Lead Monitoring solution, enabling marketers to add social activities and leads from organic Twitter actions to their database. Now that Socedo is giving businesses more value in their systems of record, we want marketers to take full advantage of their Socedo … [Read more...]
Introducing Social Lead Acceleration from Socedo
Turn your existing investment in social media into leads. At one end of your marketing department, you have the fearless social media team, creating a meaningful relationship with your audience and enhancing your campaigns with creative messaging. At the other end, you have your marketing operations team and demand generation marketers, tirelessly scoring and nurturing leads, moving them down the buyer's journey, and identifying warm opportunities for the sales team. Now Socedo's Social … [Read more...]
Socedo Integrates with HubSpot: Nurture Your Leads
Capture every lead, and take full control of your marketing pipeline. To provide end-to-end demand generation using social data, Socedo provides additional lead data beyond Twitter profiles, including email address, company, job title, LinkedIn URL, and more. You can use this data to send emails to your unconverted leads, nurture them with relevant content, or follow up with your most qualified leads right away. Socedo can provide this data as a CSV export to upload into the marketing or … [Read more...]
Socedo's Enhanced Lead Discovery Engine
Your outputs are only as good as your inputs. We've designed Socedo to help you make the best decisions and the best use of your data. We made some significant changes to Socedo's lead discovery engine—the brain power behind Socedo that finds and brings qualified leads into your account. If you're a customer or a free trial user, the improvements in our system are already in place. Simply use Socedo like you always have, and the enhanced platform will bring more higher-quality leads into … [Read more...]
Socedo Increases Followback Rate Through Favoriting Tweets
When striving to improve the Socedo experience and results for our customers, our product team must combine their technical knowledge with the mindset of a psychologist and a healthy dose of predictive analytics. From follow-back rate to conversion rate, our goal is to make interactions with customers as personalized and efficient as possible. One aspect of customer interaction we recently improved was the overall follower rate on accounts. Our outreach strategy has always included two light … [Read more...]
The Ultimate Email Strategy Guide for your Data Export
Last week, our team proudly announced a new Socedo feature: the Organic Lead Export. This new data export finds warm leads who interact with your handle by mentioning, retweeting, replying to or following your handle on Twitter, and downloads over 50 available data points on each lead. Rather than buying email for "targeted" leads with no context or relationship, you can now download a list of email addresses along with enough data points to help guide your communications and sales … [Read more...]
Socedo's New Organic Lead Export Turns Interactions into Leads
A client recently stated that when she asked a customer where he heard of her, he said, "Oh, I've been following you on Twitter for years." As much as some people would appreciate the loyalty, having someone follow you on Twitter for two years before converting is an incredibly inefficient sales cycle. Socedo is changing that with our new Organic Lead Export. All Interactions are Leads Every person who interacts with your brand should be considered a marketing or sales lead. Companies may … [Read more...]


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Retired Smokejumpers Carry on Legacy of Service
July 19, 2018
OVANDO - This week, retired smokejumpers returned to Seeley Lake, an area that many of them have a deep connection with, to continue to do work that protects and maintains public lands by volunteering for the Forest Service.
The retired jumpers who volunteer their time on trail maintenance are called TRAMPS, Trail Restoration and Maintenance Program Specialists. This week they updated important infrastructural elements at the North Fork Trailhead.
According to Barry Hicks, the squad's leader, everyone brings their own tools to use on the project. The work done by the volunteers helps the Fo...
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By Jarely Rea
Freshmen year is the start of a new beginning, a clean slate. It's the year where you can a have a fresh new start in a new school. It can be scary for some, but for others it may mean something different. One thing is for sure freshmen year is the year where you start from the bottom and scale your way up. The year where you learn the new hallways and classes that will follow you throughout four years of your life. Here are some opinions of current freshmen here from McDonald county and their first few weeks here and how things have changed for them since they became new high schoolers.
"I've made a lot of friends this year. I was very nervous that things might of not have gone well this year but they did. I'm happy that I'm still very close to my old friends as well as the new ones!" says Daniela Serrano.
Moises Mendez stated,"I've made some friends. I was a little nervous at the beginning of the first day but calmed down towards the end of the day."
Mackenzie Keller said, "Well, I've made quite a few friends but luckily still kept the old ones."


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How We Can Help You
Although it really is generally perceived like a cosmetic dilemma, weight problems is connected with numerous significant wellness situations, like diabetes, heart sickness, high blood pressure, several forms of cancer, rest apnea, musculoskeletal conditions, as well as other healthcare issues. Our specialist staff of medical doctors, dieticians and mental overall health specialists can assist you apply the way of life adjustments necessary to achieve sustainable bodyweight loss, enabling you to improve your health. The Center features excess weight loss surgical treatment, meal replacements, individualized dietary plans, assessments, courses and assistance groups.
About Me
Elizabeth Ayala, a well-know pharmacist, new york times top seller, and professor of physical therapy at the University of Alberta, published studies for both the layperson and for professionals on fitness nutrition topics, including diabetes, low-carb and paleo.
THE Collection of Weight Loss Before and After Pics, Proven Weight Loss Diets and Proven Getting In Shape Case Studies, Do Not Forget to Follow Me!
And You're More Than Welcome To Visit My Site: NaturallyCurvy.com
The Quick And Easy Way To Lose 20 Pounds With The Diet For Women To Losing Weight After 50 In Only 21 Days
Weight loss can be challenging. You may launch your weight loss program with a great sense of motivation, but in time, your enthusiasm might begin to wane. Below are great ideas that people have used to lose weight and stay trim long after.
Start by creating a detailed weight loss plan you know you can follow. Do you want to just get more fit, or do you need to drop a lot of weight? Are you aiming to reach a certain weight? Or perhaps you want to build strength and endurance in order to feel more energetic?
When you keep track of what you are doing, you will know how far along you are in your weight loss goals. Make sure that you weigh yourself each week, so you know what is working and what is not. Usually, the simple act of writing everything down is enough to persuade you to make better eating decisions.
People tend to overeat or choose unhealthy meals when they are very hungry. Never wait until you are famished before finding something to have as a snack. Always plan your meals in advance, and don't forget to have healthy snacks available. Bring your own lunch instead of going to a restaurant. Doing this can help you save both money and calories! Being very hungry usually results in making poor food choices. Don't wait until you're starving to sit down to a meal. Have a schedule for your meals, and also have a healthy snack close to hand in case you need it. Instead of eating at a restaurant, bring your lunch from home. This will be easy both on your wallet and on your calorie count.
In order to lose weight you should follow a healthy diet along with exercise. Find a workout that you like to do, and complete it regularly. If you find that simple exercise is a drag, integrate it into the things you like doing already. Use any opportunity to go on a walk. You should consider taking a dance class if you enjoy dancing. If hiking is your thing, then hit a new trail every week!
If you have junk food in the cupboards, it makes it extremely hard to resist it when temptation strikes. This works the other way around, though: keeping your home filled with healthy foods means you will go for them first. Be sure to have plenty of healthy options available, such as veggies, fruits and nutritious snacks. The simplest way to cut back on your junk food consumption is to not buy it at all. Having healthy food within easy reach while you have to go out to get junk food makes you far more likely to choose the healthy food.
Get a buddy to workout with. It is easier to skip a day for a flimsy reason when we have no one else to answer to but ourselves. You will be able to motivate each other. You an rely on each other for emotional support, motivation and ideas to make your weight loss more successful.
Make Weight Loss Easy With These Tips
Sometimes, it is easy to forget why you are putting yourself through all this work. Even though your weight loss goals started easily, you will likely notice your motivation decline as time goes on. What's the best way to motivate yourself from the drive of all those around you? How do they lose weight and keep it off?
It is important to figure out your goals from the beginning to help you lose weight. Do you just want to shave off those few extra pounds you gained over the holidays, or do you want to fit into clothing that is a size or two smaller than what you currently wear? Figure out why losing weight is important to you. Know what your weight loss goals are. It can be as specific as a set amount of weight you want to lose, or as general as overall fitness.
Keeping track of the weight you are losing on a weekly basis is very important. Write down each thing you eat as you go throughout your day. Recording what you have eaten makes you feel more accountable. Writing inspires you to continue making healthy choices when it comes to the foods and drinks you consume.
Skipping meals and allowing yourself to become excessively hungry may result in an inability to control your appetite. Do not let this happen to you. Set aside one day each week to prepare your snacks and meals in advance. Bring them along when you are away from your house. Prepare your meals at home starting now. This will slim your waistline and fatten your wallet.
Usually, just eating well is not enough to produce great weight loss results. Combining exercise with a healthy diet will give you the results you desire. If you make your exercise something that appeals to you, you will more than likely stick to your routine. Find activities you enjoy that will also give you a good workout. Seek out classes that will keep your interest and invite friends to join you in these activities.
If all you have in the house is junk food, it should be no surprise that you reach for it first when you are hungry. This works the other way around, though: keeping your home filled with healthy foods means you will go for them first. Be sure to have plenty of healthy options available, such as veggies, fruits and nutritious snacks. If you do not have junk food in your cupboards you will be less likely to overinduldge. You will find it easier to break your junk food habits when you make nutritious alternatives handy and keep the unhealthy stuff out of reach.
It is important to have supportive people around, maybe even a weight loss partner if possible when trying to lose weight. Even when you are at the end of your rope, your friends can cheer you on and help you stay on track. Call on a friend when you need some motivation and it will help you reach your goals.
Contact Us
4200 Clear Valley Dr,
Encino, California 91436
Elizabeth Ayala: Diet For Women
4200 Clear Valley Dr, Encino, CA, 91436 / (205) 337-1197


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What Is BS 5250 and How Does It Relate to Pitched Roof Design?
BS 5250 - currently the 2011 edition, with an amendment in 2016 - is the code of practice for control of condensation in buildings. It provides building designers with guidance on safeguarding the health of occupants by considering likely sources of moisture, avoiding the build up of excessive moisture, and preventing mould growth and condensation.
What are the sources of moisture?
Moisture can be generated internally by building occupants, or enter the building from external sources. It can also be present within the construction if the building has not been allowed to dry sufficiently.
The building fabric should provide a weathertight envelope to minimise or prevent the ingress of moisture from external sources, and BS 5534 deals with the contribution of pitched roofs. The recent amendment to BS 5534, plus the introduction of BS 8612, has sought to improve the product quality and standard of installation of dry fix roofing systems.
Internally, moisture is generated by building occupants and their activities. Perspiration, respiration, cooking, cleaning, and washing can all generate significant quantities of moisture that needs to be removed from the building, usually by ventilation.
BS 5250 acknowledges that occupants rarely use a building in the manner intended by the designer. It recommends adopting "fail safe" solutions to account for the likely difference between theory and reality.
How is moisture controlled?
Traditionally, open fireplaces and chimneys achieved a property's ventilation needs. Although the internal air was constantly refreshed, the downside of uncontrolled ventilation was to make it harder to heat the building and keep it warm.
Modern construction practice aims to achieve much higher levels of airtightness. The idea is to prevent the leakage of warm air through the building fabric, and instead refresh the air supply by controlled ventilation.
For any construction project, designers and contractors should be aware of the likely level of airtightness that will be achieved so that an appropriate ventilation system can be specified accordingly.
Why does condensation occur?
When warm air carrying moisture vapour leaks through the building fabric and bypasses the thermal insulation layer (or the 'thermal envelope'), it risks coming into contact with cold surfaces. If the air cooled to the extent that it can no longer hold all of the moisture vapour it carried, that moisture is deposited as condensation.
Nearly all construction materials also allow moisture vapour to diffuse through them, to differing extents. For this reason, the airtight layer is often also vapour tight, again with the aim of using ventilation to control the movement of moisture in the building.
On a minority of projects, the materials used in the construction are all vapour permeable (or 'breathable'). Their deliberate specification allows moisture to move through the construction freely, with appropriate levels of ventilation at the outermost layers of the building fabric to finally remove it to the external air.
How does BS 5250 relate to pitched roofs?
Due to the natural movement of air within a building, some moisture vapour is likely to reach the roof space - especially where insulation is laid along the horizontal ceiling. The question then is how to specify the roof to deal with that.
Generally speaking, the specification of 'breathable' underlays and pitched roof ventilation in combination is not what it could be. The extent to which the ceiling below is made airtight, and therefore how much moisture can reach the roof space, should also influence the choice of underlay and the provision of ventilation.
Among other things, BS 5250 gives guidance on general design principles for buildings, the role of air and vapour control layers, and the vapour permeability of common materials. Annex H deals specifically with design principles for roofs, including pitched roofs, and should be used to check a proposed roof design against good practice.
It also specifies minimum levels of roof space ventilation. Designers should confirm with the manufacturer of their chosen 'breathable' membrane that it provides the required air and vapour permeability, and be confident that the required level of ventilation has been designed for and can be achieved on site.
To discuss the implications of BS 5250 on your next roofing project contact your local Marley specialist who'll guide you every step of the way.


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Stuck in bloodweb (PC)
I am running into an issue today on PC where the I am getting stuck on the bloodweb screen after completing a level 50 bloodweb on killer. It is happening with Ghostface, but it has happened to me on Clown before. I complete all the nodes on the bloodweb, and it doesn't cycle to a new one. I am unable to back out or change screens until a game starts. I can click Ready and Unready, but I can't leave the bloodweb screen.
That's definitely not intended behaviour. Has it been resolved after todays patch? If not, you may want to grab a log file and submit it to https://support.deadbydaylight.com0
edgarpoop Member Posts: 2,210
I'll try to reproduce it and submit a log file tomorrow. I can get it to happen if I search for a match as Ghostface or Clown, enter the bloodweb, and complete a level 50 web before finding a lobby. Neither character is prestiged. It resolves itself once the trial is completed, but it can happen again if I repeat the steps. Definitely seems related to completing bloodwebs while searching for a match.0
PyroGL Member Posts: 154
I am having the identical issue when leveling up Nancy right now.
EDIT: After Alt +F4ing, and rebooting the game, it seems to work again.0


text: Instacoins Estonia OÜ, a cryptocurrency brokerage, is pleased to announce it has received an operating license from the Estonian Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). The company is now fully regulated under Estonian law to provide services of exchanging virtual currency against fiat. Last year, Estonia tightened its regulations on preventing money laundering and criminal activities in […]The post Crypto-Broker Instacoins Receives Operating License in Estonia appeared first on The Daily Hodl.


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Most of us have gotten the hint about EA a Madden or two ago, but people in the NBA Live community are just now starting to catch on to the fact that EA may not have their best interests at heart. Crazy, I know, but they have evidence! Let's see what these gentleman say about NBA Live that made them so mad at EA:
Whether EA does or does not care about its fans, the bigger issue is perception, and the image that EA presents is that they don't care. Every year, we as a community submit one or more wishlists, often with the same wishes from year to year. A lack of implementation of the wishes sows seeds of belief that EA isn't paying attention. When EA releases a game in which the CPU won't even use its bench, and overrides user substitutions, it sows seeds that EA doesn't care and just wanted to cash in. When major online media do not recieve review copies, it leads to the belief that EA knew the product was defective but proceeded anyway. When community members contact EA and receive a response that seems to imply EA isn't too interested in fixing the problems, and telling us to wait until the next game, it does quite a bit of harm to our faith in the company.
They're a little disenchanted, and I get that, but EA not caring about us is something most of the gaming community has gotten over by now. They will sell X amount of units per year no matter what they do to the diehard fans; EA is pretty much review-proof. Will the casual gamers ever wise up and stop buying? I'm not sure, but EA doesn't really need to kowtow to the people who wrote this letter or people like me. Frankly they don't care, and the sales numbers reflect the fact they don't have to.
If you want to see just how bad NBA Live is this year, scroll down in the letter and check out some of the videos. It's amazing a game was ever released that had these issues. Of course, that's not even mentioning Madden this year.


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When sending email, you receive an immediate bounce such as the following:
Subject: RE: XXXXXX - October 27, 2009
Sent: 10/31/2009 12:40 PM
The following recipient(s) could not be reached:
'John Doe' on 10/31/2005 12:40 PM
503 valid RCPT command must precede DATA
550-Verification failed for <firstname.lastname@example.com>
550-Unrouteable address
550 Sender verify failed
This means you must check your email before trying to send mail meaning that our mail server requires authentication, which can be achieved using one of these methods:
A) Pop before smtp -- check your email for new mail before trying to send email. This adds your IP address to a relayhosts file and allows any email to be sent from that IP address for up to 30 minutes. After 30 minutes you have to authenticate again.
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If using MS Outlook, please try the following:
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2) Go to Tools/Email Accounts
3) Select the Account with the trouble and click Change
4) Click on More Settings
5) Click on Outgoing Server Tab
6) Click "Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP) requires authentication" and make sure "Use same settings as incoming mail server" is selected (see below image)
7) Click on "Advanced Tab"
8) Set outgoing Port (SMTP) to 587
9) Click Ok and then Test Account Settings
If it fails on send then repeat starting from 7.
7) Click on Advanced Tab
8) Set outgoing Port (SMTP) to 587 or 465
9) Check the box Beside "The server requires an encrypted connection (SSL)".
10 ) Click ok and then Test Account Settings


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|FDSN code
|Network name
|Erebus Tomography and Source Studies (Tomo_Erebus)
|Start year
|Operated by
|End year
|Deployment region
|United States of America
|Short description
The fundamental instrumentation of a temp. network consisting of 23 BB seismometers, occured during the 2007-2008 field season. this deployment specifically included Guralp CMG 40-T Seismometers with sampling rates of 100 samples per second for the 07-08 field season and 40 samples per second for the 08 winter season. Each of these station consist of Reftek 6 channel DAS with 4 Gb of memory. It should be noted taht only 3 of the available channels were used in this deployment. All of the experiment components were provided by IRIS Passcal Instrument Center. These stations were deployed in the most optimal tomographic geometry, roughly concentric about the volcanic axis at elevation of appox. 2000 m and 3000m, feasible for the rough terrain and limited accessibility of certain regions of the volcano
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
|Data Availability
Loading data availability information...
FDSN Web Services provide a common data access API for seismic data.
Availability based on irisws-fedcatalog service.


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On April 22, 2018, at about 8:58 pm, Seneca County Sheriff's Investigators arrested Jon C. Lamere, age 27, of 920 Caroline Road, Waterloo, on charges of Attempted Assault in the First Degree, a Class C Felony, and Menacing in the Second Degree, a Class A Misdemeanor.
The charges stem from an incident that occurred at his residence where Lamere was engaged in a heated dispute with his roommate. During the dispute, Lamere discharged a 20 gauge shotgun three times in the general proximity of the victim.
Responding Sheriff's Deputies quickly apprehended Lamere at the scene without incident. The victim was uninjured during the incident and was never struck by any gunfire. The victim was also checked over at the scene by North Seneca Ambulance.
Lamere was arraigned in the Junius Town Court and remanded to the Seneca County Correctional Facility on $2,000 cash bail/$4,000 secured bond. Lamere is to reappear in the Junius Town Court on April 26, 2018 at 7:30 pm. A Class A Order of Protection was issued on behalf of the victim.
The New York State Police, New York State Park Police, and Seneca Falls Police Department also responded to the scene.


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Friday Focus 02/24/17
A message from TOPANGA ELEMENTARY CHARTER SCHOOL
What's Coming Up?
Fri Feb 24 Reception @ The Topanga Gallery – 3:00 - 6:00 pm
Mon Feb 27 Parent Conference Week Begins – 1:35 pm dismissal all week
Wed Mar 2 The Vocabulary Parade – 8:30 am in the auditorium – 1:35 pm dismissal.
Fri Mar 3 Friday Morning Assembly – 8:00 am - 1:35 pm dismissal.
Traffic Duty for the Week: Ms. Galindo's Class
Frozen Treat Sales: Ms. Weisberg's Class
It's late in the afternoon, but I'm trying to finish writing this edition of the Focus in time to get over to the Topanga Art Gallery and be a part of this afternoon's reception. I've seen our students and teachers working hard on these projects, and it's always a special treat to see them up on the wall in a real art gallery.
Thank you all for expressing your appreciation for the final Black History presentation this morning. In contrast to the "hot jazz" played by Louis Armstrong and other pioneers of the 1920s, we listened this morning to the "cool" sounds of Lester "Prez" Young's tenor saxophone – in both an instrumental setting and with his favorite singer, Lady Day (Billie Holiday). Jazz is a rare commodity on the radio these days – and I'm glad so many parents agree that our young people need to be exposed to this vital musical form that constitutes our nation's greatest gift to the world.
Parent Conference Week
Next week we will be conducting our second parent conference week for this school year. Dismissal for every day will be at 1:35 pm (not just on Tuesday and Thursday as we usually have it) so teachers have time to schedule conferences with all their students' parents. I encourage you to attend a conference with your child's teacher this week even if you feel there is nothing you need to discuss with the teacher. Our Topanga teachers have worked closely with your child for over one hundred days, and meeting to discuss your child's strengths and challenges is an important way to make sure there is a strong connection between home and school.
Because of the short parent conference days, and because it may rain again early next week, we are postponing the scheduled Outdoor Science Lab (hike) for the week after next. We also need another week to clear away a few tree branches that fell on the trail during last week's storm. Hopefully we can get dry weather and lots of parent volunteers for the week after next so we can get back on the trails.
The School Return Survey
Thank you all for returning the School Experience Survey to school, or for completing it online. Hopefully you aren't all "surveyed out," because we sent another survey home this week! This one is just for our school and it's much shorter – we need to begin estimating what our enrollment numbers will be as we plan for the next school year. Please return the "return" survey to school by Friday, March 3rd, so we can start planning...
A Message from Rosi Dagit from the RCD
We are starting the trapping effort for the introduced bad beetles and have upcoming watering/weeding events for the baby oaks in lower Topanga and building the traps. Both are terrific scout and student projects.
We would love some help collecting the recycled soda bottles!!!!
I hate to buy soda when we really have so many bottles floating around needing to be recycled! Perhaps this could be part of the trash collection effort?
Stay tuned for more information on the beetle trapping project, but in the meantime, save those soda bottles!
See you at the Gallery,
Mr. Steve Gediman, Principal
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Friday Focus 02/17/17
A message from TOPANGA ELEMENTARY CHARTER SCHOOL
What's Coming Up?
Mon Feb 20 Presidents' Day – No School
Tue Feb 21 Drop off art at The Topanga Galley – 8:00 am
Tue Feb 21 Leadership Council – 1:45 pm
Tue Feb 21 Last day to turn in Jump Rope for Heart envelopes
Wed Feb 22 Topanga Art Show – Through Saturday @ The Topanga Gallery
Fri Feb 24 Friday Morning Assembly – 8:00 am
Fri Feb 24 Reception @ The Topanga Gallery – 3:00 - 6:00 pm
Traffic Duty for the Week: Ms. Kort's Class
Frozen Treat Sales: Ms. Tobisman's Class
That was some storm we had today – and it's not over yet. I hope everyone stays safe and dry during the long Presidents' Day weekend, and we look forward to seeing everyone back on Tuesday, February 21st.
You have one more day – Tuesday, February 21, to hand in Jump Rope for Heart envelopes. Our total raised for the American Heart Association is now $4561.24!
The Art Show at The Topanga Gallery
Next week the spotlight falls on our Topanga students' artwork – on display in an actual art gallery. If you are dropping off artwork, please bring it by the gallery after school begins on Tuesday morning. The art will be on display from Wednesday 2/22 to Saturday 2/25. There will be a reception on Fridayfrom 3:00 – 6:00 pm – and I hope you see many of you there!
See you Tuesday,
Mr. Steve Gediman, Principal
Email: email@example.com
Friday Focus 02/10/17
A message from TOPANGA ELEMENTARY CHARTER SCHOOL
What's Coming Up?
Mon Feb 13 TEP Meeting - 7:00 pm in Rm 14
Tue Feb 14 Last day to turn in (paper) School Surveys
Tue Feb 14 Committee Meetings – 1:45 pm
Fri Feb 17 Friday Morning Assembly – 8:00 am
Fri Feb 17 Last day to complete online School Surveys
Fri Feb 17 Last day to hand in Jump Rope for Heart envelopes
Mon Feb 20 Presidents' Day – No School
Traffic Duty for the Week: Ms. Batz's Class
Frozen Treat Sales: Ms. Santora's Class
I'm an educator, not a meteorologist – so I was as surprised as everyone else to find the school dry this morning after all the rainy forecasts. We took advantage of the mild weather to have our morning assembly – and I even had time to squeeze in a Louis Armstrong lesson for Black History Month.
We had planned on conducting the Jump Rope for Heart event in the auditorium to avoid the rain, but since the rain avoided us in the morning, we had a splendid time on the upper yard. Thanks to all the parents who stayed and helped – everyone had fun, and we've raised $3,185 (so far) for the American Heart Association! All envelopes are due by next Friday, 2/17 or online at www.heart.org/jump - also by Friday the 17th.
The School Experience Survey – Updates
We have a few more days to accept the paper surveys – please turn them in by Tuesday, February 14th. If you are submitting a survey online, the deadline is Friday, February 17.
The School Directory (A Message from TEP)
Have you lost your school directory already? Have you been at the school and your child wants to have a playdate with a friend but you don't have their parent's contact information readily available? Well good news! Today, you will be receiving an invitation to join Topanga Elementary's online school directory. The directory is provided by the service MySchoolAnywhere and provides you with the ability to:
It's secure, as only verified families who are granted access can view the online information. All data is stored behind secure firewalls and can only be accessed by authorized users with a validated username and encrypted password.
To find out more, watch the 5 minute video:
Plant you now, dig you later,
Mr. Steve Gediman, Principal
Email: email@example.com
Friday Focus 02/03/17
A message from TOPANGA ELEMENTARY CHARTER SCHOOL
What's Coming Up?
Sat Feb 4 TEP Speaker Series Begins – 3:00 pm at the Topanga County Library
Tue Feb 7 Trashy Tuesday – 1:45 pm in front of the Auditorium
Wed Feb 8 Art Trek Docent Training – 8:15 am in Room 8
Fri Feb 10 Friday Morning Assembly – 8:00 am
Fri Feb 10 Jump Rope for Heart Day
Fri Feb 10 Early Dismissal – 1:35 pm
Traffic Duty for the Week: Ms. Welch's Class
Frozen Treat Sales: Ms. Harrell's Class
Well, we managed to get three days of science hikes in before it started raining today. One of the many benefits of the rain, however, is that it softens up the trail - allowing our students to more easily find animal tracks. Thanks to all the parent volunteers who helped out this week – when we have more adults helping on the trails, the students can do even more exploring and investigating in smaller groups.
February is Black History Month, and many of our classes are studying the lives and works of famous African Americans this month. I'm dusting off my stack of 78 rpm shellac records so I can present some classic jazz and blues sides for the Friday morning assembly. That is, unless it rains again on a Friday . . .
Ye Olde 5th Grade did a fabulous job recreating colonial life inside and outside of their classrooms yesterday. I felt transported back at least 200 years while learning about food, clothes, and even games from the time of the original thirteen colonies. Not only did our other grade K-4 classrooms get to participate, but I also led our first school tour of the year through as well so they could see the sights and sample the homemade butter. Thank you 5th grade students, teachers and parents!
TEP Speaker Series Begins
Dr. Tamsin Woolley-Barker is an Evolutionary Biologist with an extensive background in leadership, innovation, and sustainability. She will be inaugurating TEP's new speaker series, organized by our science committee, Saturday at the Topanga County Library from 3:00 – 4:30 pm. Dr. Tamsin will teach us about how nature solves problems and discuss creative concepts from her groundbreaking book, Teeming: How Superorganisms Work to Build Infinite Wealth in a Finite World. For questions or to RVSP, contact email@example.com
The School Experience Survey – Updates
LAUSD determined that the paper version of the parent survey is missing the answer bubbles for Questions 27 and 33. The District is asking parents to create and shade in a circle in the place where the answer bubble should be, and this will assure that your answer will be accepted. Parents also have the option to take the survey online at: http://www.bit.ly/lausd2017
While we would still like to have the paper surveys back by February 10, the District has extended the deadline to submit online to February 17.
A Important Message from TEP
Regarding your tax deductible TEP donation receipt: We are endeavoring to get all the letters/receipts out as soon as possible. For the sake of expediency, the letters reflect only those donations made directly to the giving fund for 2016. If you don't receive your letter by the end of next week, or feel that there are other donations that should be considered, please feel free to reach out to:
Sean O'Connor firstname.lastname@example.com
Jared Vest firstname.lastname@example.com and
Fuji Whittenburg - firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you.
Stay dry!
Mr. Steve Gediman, Principal
Email: email@example.com
TECS Blog
The latest news from Topanga Elementary Charter School and TEP, including the TEP Newsletter and the Friday Focus.
December 2019


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Popular Twitch streamer Dr DisRespect and the BoomTV livestream gaming platform have partnered up again to host the second running of the Code Red Fortnite Battle Royale tournament.
Code Red is a 16-team Duos tournament that features some of the biggest and well-known Fortnite content creators and pro players facing off against each other to claim a share of the $20,000 prize pool.
This week's tournament is taking place on November 20 and is set to begin at 1 PM PT / 4 PM ET.
There will guaranteed be a new winner this week since the week one winners - TSM Hamlinz and Reverse2K - are not participating in today's tournament.
The tournament will be live-streamed on the EsportsArena Twitch channel. Streams from the players' individual Twitch channels will be included in the 'Additional Streams' section at the bottom of this page.
Code Red features a double-elimination bracket that will start off with 16 teams of two players each. Since there are no Fortnite custom games available to the public, the competition will follow the standard 'total of two' format.
Each round, the Duos that are matched up will queue into a Squads lobby together and try to get more eliminations than the opposing Duo. The team with more kills after two maps wins.
If kills are tied after the two maps, a third map will be played and the Duo to first get to five total kills first winning. If neither team gets to five, the team with the higher number of eliminations wins.
Sabotage is not allowed and will result in a forfeit if there is substantial proof that a team committed one or more of the following violations:
- Damaging any of your opponents Vehicles, Equipment, Items, etc.
- Running over your opponent with a vehicle or Killing/Harming them with a vehicle.
- Using any equipment to interfere with your opponent.
Ex: Throwing a smoke, flash, stun/concussion, etc at your opponent.
This week's Code Red tournament features some of the biggest names in the Fortnite community, including Myth, NICKMERCS, CouRage, Daequan, and others.
The full list of all competitors, along with a live bracket that is updated after every round, can be found by visiting the event web-page HERE.
The total prize pool for this competition is $20,000, which will be divided among the Duos that finish in the top three.
- 1st Place: $6,000 USD
- 2nd Place: $2,500 USD
- 3rd Place: $1,500 USD
Keep in mind that all players who are streaming will have a 120-second delay, as per the rules of the event.


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Ellis Cushion in Burnt Orange
This item is currently unavailable. Please check back soon.
Add a cosy yet contemporary look to your decor with this modern and classic cushion. Made with a luxurious wool-like woven fabric, this matching reversible design is certainly a timeless choice. The woven-fabric design holds outstanding durability and wrinkle resistance as well as having strong rustic colours that will compliment any interior.
|45 x 45cm (18" x 18")
|Design Features
|Windowpane check design with matching piped edges
Hidden zip closure
|Faux wool
|100% polyester
|Care Instructions
|Dry clean only


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Bill Dobbins Rochester, New York
BILL DOBBINS is professor of jazz studies at the Eastman School of Music, where he currently teaches jazz composing and arranging while directing the Eastman Jazz Ensemble and Eastman Studio Orchestra. From 1994 through 2002 Mr. Dobbins was principal director of the WDR Big Band in Cologne, Germany, where from 1998 to 2002, he also headed the jazz studies department at the Hochschule für Musik. ... more
Streaming and Download help


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Social network Bebo has added a button for users to report suspect behaviour. The CEOP Report button was developed with the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre.
Gawd bless the Daily Mail and the Sun, branding the CEOP button a "paedo panic button". The actual function of the button is less hysterical: clicking on it gives you access to help, advice and links from services such as Childline and Beatbullying. The button also allows you to report suspect behaviour to special police units.
Jim Gamble, head of the CEOP, went on to criticise Facebook and MySpace, saying they had no excuse not to add the button. Both of those sites are substantially bigger than Bebo, and have much greater international traction, setting a substantially bigger technical challenge to regionalise the information. A more cynical view would be that Web services aren't keen for people to report bad behaviour, because then they'd have to do something about it. Reporting to the police via the button removes the onus from Bebo and should act as a deterrent to user hoaxes and abuse.
Bebo has age restrictions in place, so users can set age limits on those who can see their profiles and contact them. We just remembered we have a Bebo profile, so we signed in for the first time in about three years. No sign of the button yet. The CEOP button is already working at ThinkUKnow.co.uk, a friendly guide to keeping safe online.
The CEOP has been working with Bebo for three years now, which is when we published these still-relevant tips for safe social networking.
On a lighter note, see if there's a niche social network for you, and find out what your favourite Web sites say about you.


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MGSL Player Development Plans
6U - Main goal is to make the game fun for all players. Development Chart
8U - Main goal is to develop primary skills of the game while keeping practices and games fun. Development Chart
10U - Main goal is to understand game concepts and play aggressively, further developing skills and having fun along the way. Development Chart
13U - Full ASA rulebook in effect, compete for victory while continuing to emphasize game concepts, skill development and fun. Development Chart


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Recipe Cuisine: Indian | Category: Sweet
Preparation Time: 30 mins | Cook time: 20 mins | Makes: 12
Maida – 1 & 1/2 cup
Water – 1/4 cup (approximately)
Butter + Oil – 1/4 cup+ 1/8 cup
Sugar – 1/2 tsp
Curd – 1& 1/2 tsp
Cooking soda – 2 pinches
Oil – for deep frying
Syrup preparation
Sugar – 3/4 cup
Water – 3/4 cup
Cardamon powder – 2 pinches
Lemon Juice – 1 tsp
- Take a bowl add melted butter, oil, salt and cooking soda. Mix all this well and make it frothy. Now add the flour little by little.
- Add water carefully little by little. Ensure the dough is soft. You can also adjust the water level but make sure the dough should be in the consistency as shown in the picture. Knead the dough atleast for 10mins in order to make it soft.
- The final output of dough should be without cracks. Make small balls as shown in the picture. I made 12 balls out of the given measurement.
- Take a ball and pinch a edge and fold it inwards direction. Repeat the same process to get the design as shown in the picture. You can also make doughnut shapes if you find hard to design like this.
- Simultaneously, add sugar to a vessel and add water to it. Keep stirring the syrup. Boil the sugar syrup until you reach one string consistency. You can also cross verify by pouring a drop of this syrup in little water, it should not dissolve. Add cardamom powder and squeeze lemon juice once the syrup reach the correct consistency. Adding lemon juice helps to avoid crystallization of syrup.
- Heat oil and check with the pinch of dough. If it rises then the oil is in right tempeture. Now add the badusha. Give 5 to 8 minutes to cook it well and you should get badusha browning as shown in the picture.
- Drain in the paper towel and add it immediately to the sugar syrup. Leave it for an hour to let the badusha soak in sugar syrup.
8. Badushas are ready to be served. Enjoy the sweet.


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TUT's new promotional video titled Evaluation is the important thing to the long term" takes you on a breath-taking visible journey into the world of science, retracing the industrial historical previous of Tampere and reaching for the celebrities to offer a glimpse into the way forward for scientific exploration. The interface is comparatively easy to make use of, and means that you can view your plan and 3D image at the identical time. You possibly can transfer the digital camera across the plan to see different views, and even paint the walls and ceilings from an intensive shade selection.
Planner 5D is a web-based service for creating detailed residence plans & fashionable inside design available on multiple platforms. All features of the design could be changed when it comes to colour and texture and, while you're ready to share your plans, it can be printed in a photorealistic format.
Home: … Read More


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I posted about yoga the other day on twitter and wanted to share with you some ways I stay mobile and flexible with my desk job at work and the time I spend at home writing. Setup If all I do is sit slumped at my desk at work for eight hours and then come home and pound away on my laptop, no amount of stretching is going to prevent neck pain. … Read More
This year brought many changes into my life, from selling my home and moving into an apartment to becoming a cat lady for the first time. If you've been following the blog, you also know it is the year I completed my first draft of The Story. The Story has been on my mind for over a decade, and all previous attempts to get it down fully have failed. So I count… Read More


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I began this project by learning as much about the Reformation as I could. Instead of immediately choosing a topic, I decided to learn as much as I could about topics such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and other aspects from the Reformation. Finally, I decided that Witchcraft and Sorcery would be the most interesting topic for me to research. I began on Wikipedia and other encyclopedia sites and sources trying to learn about and gather much knowledge as I could about witchcraft during the reformation. Many signs pointed towards researching the Salem Witch Trials, as they are the most famous events relating to Witchcraft, however I decided not to research them because I wanted to find a more unique topic, and the Salem Witch Trials took place during a later timeframe then I would like. So I looked at the Age of Exploration google site and beneath the Witchcraft section I found the "Malleus Maleficarum (The Witch Hammer 1486)." So I decided to research this on Wikipedia and I learned about its contents, its author(s), and various other aspects of the document. The Malleus Maleficarum was written by Catholics from a very Catholic point of view so I will also be learning as much as I can about the Catholic faith so that I may understand the Malleus Maleficarum as well as possible.
I have been following the assignment guidelines closely, and currently I am working to establish what my primary document will be. I will most likely take a page of text from the Malleus (which is a treatise) itself, however if I come across a different document relating to it which will meet my demands in a superior manor I will choose this document. I am happy with where I am thus far and I believe I am progressing at a pace suitable for me and my learning style.


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Hurricane Sandy will always be remembered for its devastating affects through several states across the northeastern United States. Dependable auto shipping services are essential for dealerships, vehicle manufacturers, auction houses and remarketers. Companies in the automobile industry must rely on a timely auto shipping company that they can trust. All Aboardis a trusted auto shipping services company delivering millions of vehicles from coast to coast. Let All Aboard Auto Transport service you in this time of reconstruction. Fill out a form or give us a call at:
The Red Cross continues to focus on reaching as many people as possible who need our help. Your help is urgently needed to continue to support relief efforts. Getting supplies and meals and water into affected areas is the top priority. Since the beginning of the Sandy relief effort:
Please donate today. Financial donations make the greatest and most immediate impact, helping the Red Cross provide shelter, food, emotional support and other assistance to those affected by disasters like Hurricane Sandy.


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Caught Up In The Moment Photo Booth Services, CUITM, is a Southern California-based photo booth rental company that offers services to couples planning their nuptials in the Los Angeles and Ventura county area. For over six years, CUITM specialized in providing fun, affordable open air photo and video booth rentals for weddings, private parties, and special events. On your wedding day, the dedicated and experienced CUITM team will keep you and your guests entertained all night with their fun and modern photo booths.
Services Offered
CUITM is a full-service photo booth rental company that offers a variety of photo booth and video booth rental services and products. Most packages are inclusive and include awesome services and products like unlimited, customized prints; instant smart phone uploading capability; fun photo filters; video messaging capability; flip books; GIF creation; custom prop tables; and scrapbook stations. CUITM also offers a variety of photo booth setups: open, enclosed, and inflatable. Check out our awesome adult moon bouncer, perfect for outdoor events and spacious venues.
Other couples have also viewed:
96 Reviews for Caught Up In The Moment Photo Booth Services
Recommended by 96% of couples
2 User photos
Tim · Getting married on 02/12/2021
LaLioni and her team have for 4 years now been there for my office holiday get togethers and provided a super fun time with the photo both and letting my staff just let loose and have fun with all the props and being silly, including my Top Doc's who get in on the action as well!Sent on 01/15/2018
Everyone is professional, fun, they are on time, friendly and we look forward to having them with us every year!
Great for any event!
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It was a great pleasure working with LaLioni and her husband. She made everything so simple... Love Love Loved it!!!!!Sent on 06/11/2018
Ayako · Married on 05/03/2018
La'Lioni was really great to work with. She makes things as easy as possible, and the day-of experience was super smooth.Sent on 05/13/2018
1 Endorsement
very professional!


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Freestanding fiberglass walls for playgrounds, type TR-Block.
Designed for children 6-14 years.
The wall is fitted with climbing holds TR-walls
Around the wall is placed a safety zone. The surface of the safety area laundered river gravel fraction 8 - 10 mm. Thickness of layers - 40 cm.
The wall complies with CSN EN 1176: 2000.


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ASH GROVE, Mo. – After hunting opportunities have ended, it's important to clean and care for firearms so they'll be in good working order for the next season.
Hunters and gun owners can get information about caring for firearms in between hunting seasons at the Missouri Department of Conservation's (MDC) Firearm Basic Care and Cleaning program Feb. 24 at MDC's Andy Dalton Shooting Range and Outdoor Education Center. This free workshop will be from 8:30-11:30 a.m.
The workshop will cover how to clean and store firearms and other basic firearm maintenance, too. Participants can bring their own unloaded firearm to the class or use ones provided by Dalton Range staff.
The class is for all ages. Participants must register online at:
MDC's Andy Dalton Range and Outdoor Education Center is located at 4897 N. Greene County Farm Road 61. Information about this and other upcoming Dalton Range programs can also be obtained by calling 417-742-4361.


text: The Ardor dress is cut from a lightweight stretchy recycled polyester blend with moisture-wicking technology. The design features include a high-neck, racer-back, zigzag back detail, and an interior shelf bra with removable modesty cups. . This product will be shipped directly from Prana and will leave their warehouse in 2-3 business days. Eligible for ground shipping only. . . . 88 Recycled Polyester / 12 Spandex. . Prints and solids: Recycled polyester light weight stretch jersey. . Moisture wicking. . Sublimated print. . High neck racer-back dress with zigzag inset back detail. . Interior shelf bra with mesh liner and brushed elastic. . Removable modesty cups. . Mini diamond label at center back. . Size S = Above knee. . Standard fit. . Imported. .


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Report: John McCain Claims Barack Obama Provided Better 'American Leadership' Than Donald Trumpby Adam Shaw11 Jun 201710,968Anti-Trump Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) has reportedly told a left-wing newspaper that he believes "American leadership" was better under President Barack Obama than President Trump — the latest in a series of shots the failed 2008 presidential candidate has taken at his fellow Republican.According to the Guardian, McCain was "visibly irked" when asked about comments Trump made last week in the wake of the terrorist attack in London, in which he criticized London Mayor Sadiq Khan for his response to the atrocity."What do you think the message is? The message is that America doesn't want to lead," McCain said. "They are not sure of American leadership, whether it be in Siberia or whether it be in Antarctica."Then, when asked if America's international standing was better under Obama, McCain reportedly responded: "As far as American leadership is concerned, yes."McCain — who lost his 2008 presidential bid against then-candidate Obama after a campaign in which he repeatedly defended Obama from his supporters' criticisms — has been an outspoken critic of Trump and has refused to tone it down since his fellow Republican took the White House.In a recent tour of Australia, McCain told an audience in Sydney that Trump has "unsettled" allies and Americans alike."Other American allies have similar doubts these days and this is understandable," McCain said, according to The Associated Press at the city's university. "I realize that some of President Trump's actions and statements have unsettled America's friends. They have unsettled many Americans as well."He went on to urge the Australians to "keep at" the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal in the hope that one day "America will decide to join you."He also said in an interview with an Australian TV network that Trump makes him "nervous from time to time" and said he was bothered that Trump does not always take the advice of his national security team."Can I tell you that he does all the time? No. Does it bother me? Yes, it bothers me," he said.http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/...p-better-obama/
McCain is off his meds


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Perennials are the backbone of most flower gardens because they come back year after year. Unlike annuals that must be replanted each year, hardy perennials die at the end of their growth season, and then re-grow from the same roots the following year.
Perennial flowers are hardy, dependable performers. They are easy to care for and provide a wide variety of shapes, textures and colors in any landscape. Planting perennials in the fall can add wonderful color to garden beds, containers, window boxes and areas around shrubs and trees. When combined with annuals and bulbs that bloom at different times during the year, you can create year-round color.
The lifespan and bloom time of perennials can vary greatly depending on the plant species, so it's important to check that before you plant them. Perennials can last for several years, many years or a lifetime.
If you're looking for a hardy, long-lived perennial when planting perennials in the fall, peonies have been known to bloom for up to 50 years with vibrant color and beautiful blooms every season.
When planting perennials in the fall, you can combine spring-blooming perennials with fall-blooming perennials to give your landscape more foliage, texture and color throughout the year.
When planting perennial garden areas, they look best when combined with trees, shrubs and woody plants that provide height, depth and contrasting texture.
If you need help planning your landscaping, give us a call!


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Doug MacGinnitie, Secretary of State candidate: $24,547
June 14, 2010 --
Doug MacGinnitie reported income of less than $25,000 last year, but that was still enough to buy a $2.2 million home in Sandy Springs.
MARTA close to resolving conflict issue over senator's job
November 23, 2009 --
No vote has been taken, but MARTA appears close to signing off on state Sen. Doug Stoner's job with a key contractor, the engineering firm of PBS&J. Several MARTA officials say there's no conflict, because PBS&J got the contract before it hired Stoner, who serves on the Legislature's MARTA Oversight Committee.


text: You'll love the super-functional rolltop design of the Milly Women's Backpack. The spacious main compartment is accessed through the rolltop opening, which allows you to create more or less space as necessary, while staying weather resistant. The main compartment also features a padded laptop sleeve, and is easy to access on the go through the convenient zippered side entry. The structured front pocket includes plenty of organization for pens, keys, phones, etc. A major update to this model is the straps. We replaced simple, low-profile straps with ergonomic s-shape straps, featuring more padding and breathable soft mesh. The result is a functional everyday pack with simple, slimmed down style—perfect for the minimalist rucksack lover in all of us.


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Villa Olivia Winter Sports is officially closed for the 2019-2020 Season.
Downhill skiing, snowboarding and snow tubing are right here in your backyard. Villa Olivia is just a short drive from anywhere in the Chicago area. With 100% snow making, ski & snowboard lessons for all levels, and rental equipment available, we have something for everyone. The hill includes seven runs, a chairlift, six rope tows, and a tubing hill. Visit the Ski Lodge for all winter sport transactions including slope tickets, tube tickets, rentals, merchandise, lessons and lockers.
Snow Tubing is VERY popular. Tickets are sold as first come first served, by availability, and are time stamped for two hours. Due to its popularity Snow Tubing may have a wait or it can possibly sell out for the day. Call 630-289-1000 before you come out to see if there will be a wait as the wait time can change very quickly.
For updates on opening/closing, run availability and conditions call our snow phone at 630-540-4199.
2019-2020 Villa Olivia Winter Sports Four Fold Brochure
Ski Patrol
The Villa Olivia Ski Patrol (VOSP) is a member driven volunteer organization and is affiliated with the National Ski Patrol (NSP). The VOSP provides emergency care service, ski and snowboard safety, as well as public relations for snow sports customers and visitors.
The Villa Olivia Ski Patrol is looking for new members
Membership is open to Skiers and Snowboarders. Benefits include family ski privileges, First Aid Training, Outdoor Emergency Care (OEC), Avalanche and Mountaineering Classes. For information about joining the VOSP contact them at www.villaoliviaskipatrol.org
Be Safe & Have Fun!
The Villa Olivia Ski Patrol and Supervisors reserve the right to ask patrons to leave for reckless behavior.


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Toronto. Last Saturday, George Dunbar asked an interesting question, "Anyone ever heard of this film?" I certainly hadn't. In 1948 I would have been in grade six and my family used only Kodak products as did most Canadians of the time. George's question was about a film advertised in the May 1948 issue of LIFE.
A browse of the web with Google came up with little of interest. A photo-finishing service, Lux Eterna, offered a pdf for processing old and obscure films including Kryptar while other sites suggested using ordinary B&W developers and times.
Fiddling with the search phrase brought to light this newsletter written in the fall of 1999 by The Photographic Historical Society across the lake in Rochester. The newsletter then edited by the late Joe Bailey covered the short lived Kryptar Film Corp. that almost died in a fire about the time the LIFE magazine ad saw the light of day. The factory was rebuilt and Kryptar film lived on a bit longer.


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High Commissioner opens Lahore Literary Festival at the British Library
Islamabad, October 27, 2019 (PPI-OT): The High Commissioner, Mohammad Nafees Zakaria opened the fourth edition of the Lahore Literary Festival (LLF) at the British Library in London on 26 October 2019, says a press release received here today from London. Razi Ahmed, LLF's Founder and CEO along with his team put together an impressive show featuring some of the finest writers and opinion-makers from Pakistan, Britain and other countries. The well attended full day event attracted a large number of writers, poets, artists, think tank notables, students and media persons. In his opening remarks, the High Commissioner commended Razi Ahmed and his entire team on the initiative that brought together an august gathering of finest brains and great intellectuals. He hoped that LLF would provide a useful platform for public discourse and create mutual understanding between various cultures and communities.
Mr Zakaria said being the cradle of ancient civilizations, Pakistan is rich in art and culture and the LLF sets the stage to promote Pakistani cultural heritage at the international level. Mr Zakaria commented: "The LLF would develop strong linkages between the literary circles of our two countries. Such affinities, when developed, transcend many differences and are utmost necessary for cross-cultural understanding, tolerance and global peace, which is the need of the hour. "LLF is also aimed at satiating the appetite of our 1.5 million strong Diaspora, who have great love for their literature, poetry and art. The Festival can effectively connect them to their literary heritage; especially the young people who need to be connected to their cultural heritage.
"Our Sufi poets have always fascinated the world with their Sufi ethos of love for humanity, hope and peace." The High Commissioner also mentioned about the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Indian Occupied Kashmir. He quoted the reports of international organisations on human rights abuses in of the Kashmiris by the Indian occupation forces. Mr Zakaria emphasised that the issue should be seen from the perspective of human rights. He also highlighted the security implications of the conflictions for the region and beyond. There was an exclusive session on current situation in Kashmir and the ongoing siege in the Indian Occupied Kashmir.
The session featured renowned author Mirza Waheed, historian Victoria Schofield and writer Sonia Faleiro. Mirza Waheed shed light on the history of past sieges in IOK but said the ongoing siege is the worst as the Indian forces have picked up children as young as 9 years old. Similarly, the whereabouts of the young people who were picked up remain unknown. He appreciated the voices being raised at the international level against Indian oppression in Kashmir. Victoria Schofield also gave perspective on the long standing dispute of Kashmir and emphasised on its resolution to end the sufferings of the Kashmiri people.
Ms Faleiro, who moderated the session, gave the details of the repressive measures taken by the Indian Government since 5 August 2019. Speakers included historian Ayesha Jalal, politician and former diplomat Sherry Rehman, authors Fatima Bhutto, Elif Shafak, artists Waqas Khan and Raqib Shaw, and former Guardian editor Alan Rusbridger. The LLF featured a wide range of topics including literature, art, history, culture, politics, architecture of Mughal era, Curtains Up Kashmir: Mirza Waheed and Victoria Schofield in conversation with Sonia Faleiro, Tourism and Mountaineering in Pakistan, education and Global Impact of Pakistani TV and Cinema. In his vote of thanks, Razi Ahmed thanked High Commissioner Zakaria for his support to the LLF. The Festival concluded with Qawwali performance by The Saami Brothers Qawwal in the evening.
For more information, contact:
Principal Information Officer,
Press Information Department (PID)
Tel: +92-51-9252323, +92-51-9252324
Fax: +92-51-9252325, +92-51-9252326
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.pid.gov.pk
Category: Official News, Press Information Department


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Brea and Mallory talk about cookbooks and interview writer Sam Slaughter! Use the hashtag #ReadingGlassesPodcast to participate in online discussion! Email us at readingglassespodcast at gmail dot com!
Sponsor -
Use code GLASSES when you subscribe!
Links -
Reading Glasses Facebook Group
Reading Glasses Goodreads Group
Recipe Tracker App - Paprika
Are You Afraid of the Dark Rum? by Sam Slaughter
Books Mentioned -
Black Leopard, Red Wolf by Marlon James
Movers and Shakers by Hope Ewing
The New Farm Vegetarian Cookbook edited by Louise Hagler and Dorothy R. Bates
Chloe's Kitchen by Chloe Coscarelli
Isa Does It by Isa Chandra Moskowitz
Death & Co: Modern Classic Cocktails by David Kaplan, Nick Fauchald, and Alex Day
Smuggler's Cove by Martin Cate and Rebecca Cate
Animal, Vegetable, Miracle by Barbara Kingsolver
Kitchen Confidential by Anthony Bourdain
Sweetbitter by Stephanie Danler
In Defense of Food by Michael Pollan
The Omnivore's Dilemma by Michael Pollan
Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser
The Drunken Botanist by Amy Stewart
The Ministry of Special Cases by Nathan Englander
Gather at the River edited by David Joy and Eric Rickstad
By the Smoke and the Smell by Thad Vogler
Deep Down Dark by Héctor Tobar
The Bar Book by Jeffrey Morgenthaler
Liquid Intelligence by Dave Arnold
Drinking Like Ladies by Misty Kalkofen and Kirsten Amann
The Dead Rabbit Mixology & Mayhem by Sean Muldoon, Jack McGarry, and Jillian Vose


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If you travel with little ones in your car, then you need to know about a new Pennsylvania law.
Starting in August, all children under two must be riding in a rear-facing car seat.
Pennsylvania is the fourth state to enact the law. It's already in effect in New Jersey.
Critics have long said the current law is too vague, never detailing which direction to face, only the age required for a car seat.
But for those tots under the age of two who haven't outgrown the height and weight requirements of the car seat manufacturer, they'll soon have to be in a rear facing car seat.
It's a Pennsylvania law that could cost you a $125 fine.
"Even without the law, we always make sure the kids are facing backwards," Jim Su of Bala Cynwyd said.
But the direction was never set in stone until now.
Critics have long argued current state law only specified a child under four be strapped into a car seat leaving everything else up to the parents' discretion.
Action News spoke with Erica Sciolla, a child passenger safety tech at Weisman Children's Hospital in New Jersey, one of three states already with this law.
"The child is five times less likely to have a severe or fatal injury traveling rear facing under the age of two, then they would be forward facing," Sciolla said.
One of the reasons is toddlers' bones are still soft and haven't fully hardened.
The debate over the new law is blowing up on our Action News Facebook page.
But several parents welcome this change.
"I think it's for the better, as long as it keeping my kids safe," parent Danielle Lelaj said.
In the law's first year, drivers will only be cited with a warning,
It goes into effect in 60 days.
New car seat law soon to take effect in Pa.
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Zarak Khan and Erik Johnson: Action Design Network and Beyond
Sometimes things just go better in twos and that was the case regarding our guests for this episode. Zarak Kahn is the Behavioral Innovation Director at Maritz and Erik Johnson is an independent Behavioral Science Consultant. They are the co-hosts of Action Design Radio and board members at Action Design Network. Kurt and Tim have known them as coaches and colleagues and wanted to talk to them about all of that.
We discussed how the application of behavioral science continues to grow in both the corporate and policy words. Today, there are more jobs, more workshops, more bachelor's programs, more masters programs, more PhD programs, more meetups and more bootcamps than ever before. We expressed our collective desires to make behavioral science so easy to do it will be ingrained into every job from UX to Marketing to HR, and how we'd like to see people applying a behavioral lens in all of their decision-making.
In our grooving session, Kurt and Tim emphasized the importance of expanding the community of people applying behavioral science and we are grateful to share the mantle with very bright and fine folk like Erik and Zarak.
Erik Johnson Twitter: https://twitter.com/erikleejohnson
Erik Johnson LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/erikleejohnson/
Erik Johnson Website: erikj.net
Zarak Kahn LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/khanzarak/
Action Design Network: http://www.action-design.org/
Action Design Radio (podcast): https://actiondesignradio.libsyn.com/
Robert Cialdini: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cialdini
Dan Kahneman: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman
Richard Thaler: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thaler
Cass Sunstein: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cass_Sunstein
Musical Links
Idles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuQG6_evFc8
Local Natives: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Natives
Lana Del Rey: https://lanadelrey.com/
Carley Rae Jepson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWNaR-rxAic
Wye Oak "The Louder I Call the Faster it Runs": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO7ffikJOE4
Sylvan Esso: http://www.sylvanesso.com/
Johnny Flynn: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Flynn_%26_The_Sussex_Wit
Sharon Van Etten: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7sTHoeH0eA
Gillian Welch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJ_nWPxrzmE
M Ward: https://mwardmusic.com/
The National: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIWmRbHDhGw


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Spring is finally here and we couldn't be more excited to put away our parkas and slip on a summer dress! No need to make a trip down to Victoria to revamp your spring wardrobe, we're here to let you know everything you need is right here in Sidney! Whether you're updating your look and vibe or just looking to treat yourself, no matter what you need Sidney has a boutique suited just for you.
Marmalade Tart Boutique
2506 Beacon Avenue
Marmalade Tart is the home of fun, flirty, fabulous fashion you're sure to love. This boutique store provides a bright, friendly atmosphere where you can immerse yourself in great lines of wearable fashion. Be sure to check out their array of unique jewellery handmade in Mexico, with a touching story behind each piece.
Connections Consignment
9783 3rd Street
Find all the trendy, designer brand names you love at Connections Consignment! Brand names such as Coach, Guess, TNA, Wilfred, American Eagle, Lululemon and many more. Connections is perfect if you're still discovering your unique style without breaking the bank! Be sure to 'like' their Facebook page for 10% off your first purchase!
Ecotopia Naturals
9816 Seaport Place
Ethical, eco friendly and trendy all in one store! Ecotopia is committed to sourcing quality, comfortable, and Canadian made clothing & accessories, made of natural fibres such as organic cotton, hemp, bamboo, linen, eucalyptus, modal, and more! For springtime you can't go wrong with an airy pair of linen pants, both benefiting the environment and your fashion status!
Moden Boutique
2418 Beacon Avenue
It is impossible to leave Moden without feeling your inner fashionista enlightened! Looking around the store each article of clothing is timeless, yet right on-trend. The fantastic staff are friendly and keen to help you build your wardrobe the way you want. Moden prioritizes supporting brands that are sustainably made, helping you look and feel your best with every purchase.
Miss Bliss Boutique
2389 Beacon Avenue
Very suitably named, Miss Bliss takes the stress out of shopping and helps turn it into a blissful experience. An incredibly knowledgeable staff is available to help liven up your spring attire with new dresses, purses, shoes, and jewellery! Whether you're looking to dress up for a night out or dress down for a day outside, you're sure to find a stylish outfit to kickstart the sunny season.
Waterlily Shoes
2537 Beacon Avenue
Can you really go shopping in Sidney without buying shoes? Waterlily Shoes is a footwear style destination featuring brands such as Fly London, TOMS, Naot, Timberland, Sperry, Dansko, Sacha London, Wonders, Hispanitas, and the list goes on! If you're not sure which brand is for you, be sure to ask one of the fantastic staff ready and willing to help style and fit you.
This is just a small taste of what Sidney has to offer for spring fashion this year! With plenty of men's and children's clothing stores, you can shop for the entire family right here in Sidney. To see more of what the Sidney shopping district has to offer click here!


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Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941
By Stephen Kotkin
Illustrated. 1,154 pp. Penguin Press. $40.
Dictators lend themselves to caricature. We label them sociopaths, paranoiacs or just victims of bad childhoods. We flatten them in order to explain our own times. Saddam Hussein is Hitler; Vladimir Putin is Peter the Great; Donald Trump is Mussolini. Sometimes, we are told, they simply defy explanation. In a 1939 radio address, Winston Churchill conceded defeat in his efforts to understand Stalin's Soviet Union. "It is," Churchill said, "a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma."
Stephen Kotkin demolishes such simplicities in his monumental "Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941," the second part of a projected three-volume biography of the Soviet leader whose reign of cruelty stretched from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953. Drawing on an astonishing array of sources, Kotkin paints a richly variegated portrait, delving into Stalin's peculiar personality even while situating him within the trajectories of Soviet history and totalitarianism more generally.
This multilayered analysis has a downside: The densely packed, 1,154-page tome — roughly a page for every four days of the period it covers — is no easy read. Yet the book unquestionably rewards the patience that it demands. Slowly but inexorably, Kotkin teases out his subject's contradictions, revealing Stalin as both ideologue and opportunist, man of iron will and creature of the Soviet system, creep who apparently drove his wife to suicide and leader who inspired his people.
And a compelling central thread holds it all together: Stalin's unwavering determination to transform his country into a fully Communist nation capable of holding its own in a world of hostile powers. "Stalin did what acclaimed leaders do," Kotkin writes. "He articulated and drove toward a consistent goal, in his case a powerful state backed by a unified society that eradicated capitalism and built industrial socialism."
An eminent scholar of Soviet history at Princeton University, Kotkin picks up where he left off in Volume 1 — the eve of Stalin's 1929 decision to collectivize Soviet agriculture — and carries his story down to the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union on June 21, 1941. The narrative moves forward, though, in three distinct stages that highlight different facets of Stalin's rule.
The first section focuses on the Communist Party's drive to abolish private landholding in the Soviet countryside from 1929 into the early 1930s. Aiming to feed a growing urban work force and increase exports, Stalin's henchmen forced peasants onto collective farms and eliminated relatively well-off peasants known as kulaks. The human consequences were, in Kotkin's word, nothing short of an "apocalypse." Famine resulting from social upheaval and drought killed between five million and seven million people, while five million kulaks were arrested, deported or murdered.
Why did Stalin embark on such a scheme and then double down when catastrophe loomed and critics within the party called for a change of course? In part, Kotkin argues, he acted on "deep Marxist premises" about the need to extirpate capitalist class relations. But Kotkin also attributes the drive for collectivization to a broader determination to wrench the Soviet Union, no matter the cost, into a state of social and economic, albeit anticapitalist, modernity.
The dictator believed, Kotkin contends, that the world's most powerful countries "achieved and maintained their great-power status by mastery of a set of modern attributes: mass production, mass consumption, mass culture, mass politics." If the Soviet Union failed to keep up with modern nations like Britain and Germany, it risked perpetual "backwardness" and subordination.
Evaluated by Stalin's own brutal standard, collectivization was a success. The transformed Soviet economy was booming by 1934, while Western economies remained mired in the Great Depression. This achievement makes Stalin's terrorization of his own party and government during the mid-1930s — the subject of Kotkin's middle section — a challenge to explain.
Across the 1930s but especially 1937 and 1938, Stalin ordered the arrests of some 1.6 million party officials, military officers, intelligence agents and others on trumped-up charges of betraying the nation, a stunning display of ruthlessness that gutted Soviet leadership circles at a time of mounting threats from abroad. Some victims were convicted in dramatic show trials. Far more were murdered quietly, often after being tortured into confessing their supposed crimes.
Stalin was motivated in part, Kotkin asserts, by his determination to break the will of critics and rivals. In this sense, the terror "constituted a form of rule, a matter of statecraft" that sprang readily from a mind steeped in paranoia but capable of impeccable self-control. Kotkin also suggests another, more intriguing explanation: Stalin used the purges to open opportunities for younger, well-educated functionaries he judged better able to advance the nation's industrial development.
Kotkin's most striking contribution, though, is to probe reasons Stalin encountered little opposition as he wrought mayhem on his nation. Careerism and bureaucratic incentives in the Soviet Union's formidable apparatus of repression had something to do with it, Kotkin writes, but so too did the party's monopoly on information and the public's receptiveness to wild claims about the danger of subversion from within. Stalinism was, in this way, as much enabled from below as imposed from above.
In the third section of the book, Kotkin turns to geopolitics, which increasingly preoccupied Stalin as Nazi Germany and militarist Japan upended the global status quo in the late 1930s. Well aware of Soviet military weakness yet eager to expand his nation's borders and enhance his power, Stalin faced difficult decisions: Should he cut deals with the aggressors, despite their rabid anti-Communism, or throw in his lot with Britain? The answers he reached from 1939 to 1941 reveal Stalin as both consummate opportunist and narrow-minded ideologue.
The opportunist shone through in 1939, when Stalin signed his notorious nonaggression pact with Germany in return for territorial gains in eastern Poland and the Baltic nations. But Stalin's ideological commitments resurfaced. Certain that arch-capitalist Britain was his country's foremost enemy, he clung to his strange-bedfellows partnership with Germany long after Hitler had abandoned the arrangement. The Soviet Union was ill prepared when Nazi armies invaded in June 1941.
Kotkin's account of this complex diplomatic dance disappoints only because it seems to turn him away from the more intimate, often chilling detail that he sprinkles into earlier sections of the book. Kotkin's eye for revealing minutiae — Stalin's failure to attend his mother's funeral and penchant for doodling pictures of wolves during meetings, for example — does much to bring the dictator alive in the years before 1938. One is left to wonder about Stalin's inner world as war grew close.
A larger problem for many readers will be Kotkin's tendency to assume a good deal of foreknowledge about Soviet history. Who exactly were Stakhanovites, Chekists and Orenburg Cossacks? Kotkin provides little help. Also daunting to nonspecialists may be Kotkin's tendency to drop the names of numerous Soviet officials who surrounded Stalin without drawing out their personalities or backgrounds.
These are, though, mere quibbles. The book deserves the broad audience it may struggle to find and will surely stand for years to come as a seminal account of some of the most devastating events of the 20th century. It will also whet appetites for Volume 3, which will no doubt consider events — World War II and the early Cold War — more familiar to many Western readers.