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Death From Above – The Aerial Dispersion Project
Running Interference On The Globalist Agenda
Chemtrails or contrails? This issue has been put more and more in the spot light in recent years. Once a tin foil hat wearer's hot topic has now gained more mainstream notoriety. Whether you think what is happening in the skies above is weather modification, spraying of aluminum and barium on the landscape bellow, or just vapor trails, it is hard not to notice there are some weird anomalies. Personally I have seen only southbound flights, close to a hundred in one day, not one northbound flight. I have also seen triple aircraft chem trailing so close together there is no possible way they are commercial air liners. I have also seen these same jets do circles above towns. And no, they are not performing a landing maneuver, they then fly south after a few passes. Another anomaly I noticed is these jets all seem to be flying within 5 minuets of each other. When was the last time you were in a airport and all flights were leaving within five minuets of each other, all in the same direction?
I notice that these jets do affect the weather, usually on a nice blue sky morning, forecasted to be a nice hot day, turns into an overcast and sometimes muggy day. Another observation I have is you notice a lot more of these jets flying during the summer months. Some here in Southern Oregon believe that whatever kind of particulates are being spread from behind the jets may also be to blame for your fast igniting, vicious forest fires that we have suddenly had in the last ten years.
If they are spraying aluminum and barium, could this be another agenda 21 plot for population control? I assume eating foods and drinking water that are saturated with aluminum and barium could lead to some serious health affects such as cancer. Also the particulates floating freely though the air as you are carrying on with you daily activities. We are inundated in whatever is being dispersed by these jets
Bellow are two videos that I have taken. Below that is a sequence of three videos which a viewer sent into Before It's News.
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This afternoon I read an article about the 20 most commonly mispronounced food words. I remember the first time I heard someone say "quinoa" aloud. I had no idea what they were talking about! I always pronounced quinoa like "kee-no-ah." False. It's keen-wah. This word, along with 19 other confusing food items made the list:
- Chipotle: Proper pronunciation: chi-poht-ley.
- Espresso: This is neither spelled nor pronounced with an "X" anywhere in it. Proper pronunciation: e-spres-oh.
- Bánh mì: This popular Vietnamese sandwich is just as popularly butchered, pronunciation-wise as "ban mee" or "bang mee." Proper pronunciation: bahn mee.
- Pho: This Vietnamese soup is pronounced almost exactly like the French word for fire, feu, for which it's named. It is not "foe." Proper pronunciation: fəʊ, or like the word "fur" without the "R" at the end.
- Gyro: Proper pronunciation: yee-raw, if you're Greek; jeer-oh or zheer-oh if you're American.
- Foie gras: Not "foy grass." Proper pronunciation: fwah grah.
- Gnocchi: Proper pronunciation: nyawk-kee if you want to be Italian; nok-ee or noh-kee if you're American.
- Quinoa: Pronunciation isn't the only thing about quinoa that people often get wrong; it's not a grain, as is so often assumed. It's actually a chenopod, like epazote and spinach. Proper pronunciation: keen-wah.
- Caipirinha: Popular Brazilian cocktail. Proper pronunciation: kai-pee-reen-ya.
- Açai berry: Proper pronunciation: ah-sigh-ee.
- Beignet: No one wants Ben-Gay with their chicory coffee. Proper pronunciation: ben-yey.
- Guanciale: Most definitely not pronounced "gwan-see-ale."Proper pronunciation: WAHN-chall-eh.
- Coppa: Proper pronunciation: KOH-pa (hear it yourself).
- Kibbeh: Proper pronunciation: KIB-bay or KIB-beh (hear it yourself)
- Sriracha: The red rooster sauce seems be in every refrigerator and in every peppery mayonnaise sauce these days. Proper pronunciation: shree-ra-cha.
- Bruschetta: Not pronounced "broo-shet-uh." Proper pronunciation: broo-sket-ah.
- Haricot vert: Upscale restaurants love to use this French term for thin, green string beans, even if they're just serving regular old green beans. Proper pronunciation: ah-ree-koh VEHR.
- Bouillabaisse: Proper pronunciation: boo-ya-bes.
- Jalapeño: Proper pronunciation: hah-luh-peyn-yoh.
- Quesadilla: Kweez-a-dill-uh? No. Proper pronunciation: key-suh-dee-uh.
- Peanut Butter: Pea-nut Butt-ah
Okay, so maybe I added the last one.
Another one that surprised me from the list was bruschetta. I totally say it "broo-shet-uh." Giada would be ashamed!
For dinner this evening, Ryan and I stuck to a menu of food items we know how to pronounce.
Chicken. Corn. Beer.
I used the bottle of Bud Light in a crock pot dish. I first rubbed two chicken breasts with the same seasonings I used for the sugar 'n' spice pork that Ryan and I loved so much before placing them in a crock pot and covering them with the beer. I let the chicken breasts cook for four hours on low and then shredded the meat with two forks before topping it with honey mustard sauce and serving it on a toasted whole wheat sandwich thin.
Served with a side of sweet white corn on the cob, this dinner was the perfect summer meal.
Immediately after dinner, Ryan and I played several rounds of Rummy.
Ryan learned how to play Rummy on his guys' hiking trip a couple weeks ago and taught me last night. We played a few rounds yesterday and had a good time so we decided to play until one of us accrued 500 points this evening.
Guess who got there first?
I took it home in the last round. Woo!
Now I'm off to join Ryan and Sadie on the couch to catch the rest of So You Think You Can Dance!
Enjoy your evening, friends!

subset: commoncrawl


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Alibaba, and the rise of China in Tech & AI
"China. Now there is a sleeping giant.
Let him sleep. For when he wakes, he will move the world."
Napoleon Bonaparte
With the dawn of the new millennium, it became apparent that the giant had awoken. Today, China is converging on the heart of American capitalism, taking on the tech giants.
At the front line of this advance is Alibaba. It was founded in 1999 by Jack Ma, a 'non-techie' English teacher, with two failed businesses behind him. Today, Alibaba sells three times the dollar value of goods annually as Amazon. Its IPO in 2014 was the largest IPO in history. In contrast with Amazon's operating margins of 2.3%, Alibaba's margins are 31%.
Unlike Amazon, Alibaba has no warehouses. Its asset and focus is software. It is now at the forefront of competition between the US and China for supremacy in the use of AI, key to fast paced technological advances witnessed today.
Alibaba is now ready for international expansion, and on the front line is David Lloyd . An Oxford graduate, in this evening's talk he will discuss Alibaba's approach and culture, the challenges it faces and the pivotal role of artificial intelligence.
The discussion will be followed by a drinks reception.
Price promotion continues.


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NEWS CORPORATION.. (NWS) operates in the Media & Entertainment industry category. News Corporation, a media and information services company, creates and distributes content for consumers and businesses worldwide
The most recent ex-dividend date was 15-09-2020. This dividend was $0.0969 and was not franked. and was partially franked at 0%. The date paid for this dividend is 14-10-2020.
Dividend paying companies in the same Industry and of a similar market capitalisation. For more dividend investment ideas try the Yield Finder
|Ex Dividend Date
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|Further Information


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April 2016, 56/A4, xeroxed, Polish, hand-numbered, interviews: SKELETHAL, AUTOKRATOR, CATACOMBAT, INFERNUS SERPEST, ISRATHOUM, GOAT SEMEN, ADRIAN (R'Lyeh zine), SEPULCHER, TORMENTO BESTIAL, CEMETERY WHORE, TILL YOU FUKKIN BLEED.
I started to read this newest still hot issue being really high-mettled. Well, not only because of decent work with the previous piece of Apocalyptic Rites, but also my beloved Valencia beat Barcelona at Camp Nou. But let's leave football since a mistful scytheman is coming near. A fast perfunctory examination and all is clear: nothing has been changed. The style is continually the same (layout and general facies), maybe Robin painted it more white comparing to #7. The first cannon-shot is made by French Skelethal and, as opposed to Nechbeyth that opened the heptad, they are verbalize experts. But don't count your chickens before they're hatched, just look at their answer concerning the Islamic world. Nothing new in this topic…
This time Robin decided to inject his child with Polish ptomaine. No doubt, these chats belong to the best ones here. But from the beginning, very interesting Catacombat, a bit weaker Cemetery Whore. In turn another different dimension reaches friendly causerie (however Robin wastes his breath in editorial writing about it) with head representative of nice R'Lyeh community on Polish underground burning issues. It's not an usual as always, Adrian and Robin spatter themselves with facts, arguments, and opinions, entering the ground of commercial tv world, lofty aspirations and money, presenting real stars of the underworld. The whole sucks in like a walking through the swamp. And one more thing, as it has culinary touch appetizing for dumplings, but guys, I prefer these ones filled with sauerkraut and mushrooms (boletus only). Till You Fukkin Bleed also brings something to eat, however I don't like blood sausage at all. Focusing on the core, and except for Bartuus does a great job with his small label spewing all these tapes, it becomes a friendly fire-side talk and simply another interesting piece to read. Well done! As for world outside. Not as good as mentioned above, but definitely not a donkey ride, so there's no need to be ashamed for. Autokrator gives really good stuff to be familiar with, just like very long Goat Semen. Sepulcher isn't a cripple as well, but when Robin asks about printed press, Norwegians presents… five dots. Fuck, is the question about zines too difficult to get along? Fucking no, it has nothing in common e.g. with the Higgs boson and vascular endothelial growth factor. Or maybe Robin insisted to see everything in Polish due to being so lazy to translate it? Ok, going further through apocalyptic rites domain, one interview has to be mentioned as it has been rolled by Sentiel. The start isn't easy for him, it's pretty tough and bluff, yet the machine moves forward eventually despite of some laconism here and there. From the other hand two last shots from South America: decentish Bestial Torment and the hero from Robin's article Infernus Serpest, which are next American bands that do not like football, I know that proctologic vigour of Gonzalo Jara isn't the thing Chile should be proud of. Hm… strange. Anyway, metal prevails, right?
The review section isn't as large as afore, but all is served in white. This time 23 portions of zines (still great it isn't treated unfairly) and 141 of music. No changes of the Robin's style, but mentioned Sentiel did write several of them as well. I didn't even notice a lack of live reports, probably due to another interesting survey. The subject is as fresh as a daisy and deals the recent gigs of famous bands and their thematic tours. Not sure if everything is kept in sincere way, yet I saw Iron Maiden in Poznań in 2014 during Maiden England 2014 travels and they crushed me completely showing one of the best live performances I've ever seen. It was planned to play old stuff only (up to "Fear of the Dark" album exclusively), but what about Morbid Angel or Samael executing whole old (!) albums? No surprise, opinions are divided, everything depends on personal feelings only. But Death to All? For me a complete misunderstanding! And I agree with Robin opinions just like with Marcin C., his Death to All parallel to speedway turning right is a killer, I felt down from my chair roaring with laughter on the floor. I couldn't term it more precise. But the question is: who will be the next one? Motörhead to All? Marketing dabsters, don't waste your time and go to work!
Fine, while totalizing the content of the Eight: for sure it is better than the previous number. You know, less bands fructified quality merchandise in each aspect. I treat it maybe not as a superiority apex, but definitely one of high-powered significant titles in Polish zine kingdom and absolutely safe buy for all and sundry rooted deeply in the underground. Believing that Apocalyptic Rites won't become webzine, I wait for the ninth rite. Hope next year.
(written in April, 2016)


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Fifty is the new thirty and walking is the new running. Everyone seems to be lacing up their trendy athletic shoes and
Sponsored Post Staying fit and active is one of the best gifts you can give to yourself after 50. Ever heard the
Why Technology May be Your Ally in Improving Health & Fitness After Fifty The following post is sponsored by flip50.
Staying on top of your health at any age is critical, but after your 50's, you need to take extra care so that
You have to exercise to lose weight, right? It's something we hear throughout our lives but is exercise the main
Can we retain in the second half of life the good things we enjoyed in the first half? The answer is mainly, yes. Even
You're making your list, checking it twice, but leaving out what will keep you merry and bright, your workout! With
Everywhere you turn, people are extolling the virtues of the low carb diet plan. Want to lose weight? "Go low
While every other article this month is addressing how to avoid weight gain during the holidays, let's talk
Why do I overeat? Have you found yourself asking that question at the end of the day when you feel bloated or perhaps


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Definitions for "Sone"
Keywords: loudness, stevens, perceived, internationally, decibels
a unit of subjective sound loudness. One sone is the loudness of a pure tone of frequency one kilo hertz and strength 40 decibels. A sound has loudness sones if a listener judges it to be times louder than a sound of 1 sone. The phon is another unit of sound loudness; a sound of loudness phons has loudness 2( - 40)/10 sones. The sone is often used in industrial engineering to express the perceived loudness of engines, fans, and other items of industrial equipment. The unit was introduced by S.S. Stevens and H. Davis in 1938. Its name is from the Latin word sonus, sound.
a unit of perceived loudness equal to the loudness of a 1000-hertz tone at 40 dB above threshold
a linear measure of noise loudness
Keywords: measurement


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College of Southern Idaho guard Danya Kingsby is always ready to play and will soon be ready to make his college decision. The 6'1 CG from Milwaukee, WI had a great freshman season this past year. In 34 games, he averaged 11.4 points per game, 3.7 assists per game, 3.0 rebounds per game, and 1.1 steals per game while helping his team to the National Tournament and a 27-7 record. He also shot 50% from the field as well as 42% from 3. What's so impressive about Kingsby and his stats is that he did this in only about 23 minutes per game.
Kingsby is a very athletic combo guard that can make plays with the ball in his hand. He has a great handle, can create for himself and make something out of nothing. He is only 6'1 but has a good frame and long arms. He is great in transition, making athletic plays look easy. He has a great midrange pull up and can knock down the 3. He will get after in on the defensive end and plays with motor. He can finish at the rim with either hand, making plays above the rim or with crafty finishes. He elevates on his jumper and can create his shot over taller defenders. He is always a threat on the floor to make a play. He competes and wants to win when he steps on the court.
Kingsby is expected to make his commitment announcement in the next few weeks. JucoRecruiting.com talked with Kingsby recently and here are the highlights of the interview:
JucoRecruiting.com: You had a great freshman season, what are your goals for your sophomore season?
Kingsby: To be an NJCAA All American and win a National Championship.
JucoRecruiting.com: What do you think is the biggest strength of your game?
Kingsby: Scoring the basketball, creating plays for myself and others.
JucoRecruiting.com: What's one area of your game that you worked on most this off-season?
Kingsby: That would definitely be my jumpshot.
JucoRecruiting.com: You had a great showing in the National Tournament and in the July Showcases, who all has been recruiting you?
Kingsby: Pittsburgh, Tulsa, UNLV, UC Santa Barbara, Texas A&M, Florida Gulf Coast, New Mexico, New Mexico State, Grand Canyon, Missouri State, Buffalo and still getting some new calls.
JucoRecruiting.com: Do you have any visits scheduled?
Kingsby: I am looking to finalize my list pretty soon. I am visiting Tulsa this weekend and Pitt next weekend.
JucoRecruiting.com: What are you looking for in a program?
Kingsby: Of course a winning program but somewhere that's going to fit me because I only have two years left and want to make the most of it. I want to go somewhere that the coaches can trust me to play like I know how.
JucoRecruiting.com: When do you expect to make a decision?
Kingsby: I am looking to make a verbal commit in the next 2 weeks. I don't want to wait to sign late, the schools that want me have been recruiting me the hardest and made me a priority.
Kingsby is going to be a great pickup for a program here in the next few weeks. Kingsby is ready for another great year at CSI and look for them to make another run to the National Tournament.
***For more information or if you have any questions, email firstname.lastname@example.com or call/text 904-233-0858


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Cotton Washcloth Set - Dark Ocre
Or 6 weekly interest-free payments from $4.48 What's this?
New Zealand Designer Bianca Lorenne's knitted washcloths are made from 100% soft cotton.
Ideal to use with our Good For Everything Spray to clean your home, or as a soft face wash cloth.
Now available in the new quirky dark ocre, with bobbles.
- 100% cotton
- Set of 3
- Approx. 27 x 27cm


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- Folding lounger cushions
- Stove gray-white
- Hotel in Chile in the traditional South American style
- custom closet under the stairs
- Magical LED lighting effects in a modern apartment in Poland
- Minimalist work
- Color ideas for living room – gray wall paint.
- Colourful ideas for summer decoration in various designs and colors
- Color code for the show: Blue, Grey and Yellow
- Roller garage doors – custom design ideas with wall stickers 3d
Decorating ideas for home design input with flowers and shrubs
Photo: Landscape Wallance
Imagine, they drive past a prestigious district. The first thing that impresses you, what are the design ideas for the input. Lots of flowers and shrubs set the tone and provide privacy for outdoor use. Let yourself be inspired!
design ideas for house entrance - flower beds and gravel path
Photo: Van de Voorde
Anyone looking for design ideas for the house entrance, can opt for a garden in the country house style. A gravel path can lead to the front door and colorful flowerbeds can be decorative. Especially garden design difficulty building, located on a slope. In this case, the flowers and plants must be chosen in different size. The tallest plants should be at the front - and the trend is optically reduced and the land is flat. Tallgrass make the look of a natural garden and compliment the overall look.
design ideas for the entrance of the house with evergreens
Thanks Margie Photo
If you decide to develop ideas for the entrance of the house with evergreen plants, ensures that the whole year will be garden fresh and inviting look. It is very important to choose plants and local trees, the special conditions in winter are good. Pots and planters optional course flowers can be placed as decoration in any case need this then a garden shed / greenhouse, where they can be stored in the winter. Important role is played by the garden path. Modern gardens with evergreen plants benefit from the garden walkway of concrete and pebbles. He created a visual link between the architecture and the garden. The stylistic coordination between the house and the garden is actually a must. Houses can be complemented by minimalist rock, while wooden houses can be good with a colorful garden in the style of Monet cartel.
Creating a garden path
Photo: l.Ami Saunders, r. Johnsen Landscapes
Garden on a slope
Photo by Jeffrey Gordon Smith
Trees and tall shrubs provide Sichtschtuz
Photo Johnsen Landscapes
Landscaping with evergreens
Photo Ecocentrix
river stones as decoration at the entrance
Photo by Billy Goodnick
Garden in the traditional style
Photo: Landscape Elements


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Addendum To Parking Lot Expansion District Office For Cibola NF-MT Taylor Rd
Author(s): L. Popelish
Year: 1990
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded.
If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at email@example.com.
Cite this Record
Addendum To Parking Lot Expansion District Office For Cibola NF-MT Taylor Rd. L. Popelish. 1990 ( tDAR id: 279807)
This Resource is Part of the Following Collections
Geographic Keywords
35006 (Fips Code) • Cibola (County) • New Mexico (State / Territory) • North America (Continent) • United States of America (Country)
Spatial Coverage
min long: -109.046; min lat: 34.578 ; max long: -107.067; max lat: 35.349 ;
Record Identifiers
NADB document id number(s): 5433668
NADB citation id number(s): 000000218447
General Note: Contract number: 1990-03-104A


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An occasional look at premium homes on the market.
The address: 4006 Glenview Ave., 40222. Asking price: $1,995,000. Listing agency: Gant Hill & Associates. Details:
One of the most distinctive properties in Louisville, offering modern amenities with timeless elegance and design. Located in prestigious and bucolic Glenview, this majestic estate has more than 11,000 square-feet of iving area on more than five acres (listed on the National Registry of historical properties). The European-inspired porte-cochère flanked by limestone columns, hand-painted chinoiserie-inspired wall paper, and imported Scottish fireplace columns are among the many unique features. In the photo, above, the dining room has hand-painted murals by Italian artists. Susan Maloney of Maloney and Smith, the original interior designer, traveled the world searching unique items for the home, including crystal chandeliers in almost every room and coordinating the installation of seven fireplaces.


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SynclioLook Bigger & Handle Calls
More Efficiently
Ever wish you could go back and review an important telephone conversation? With Synclio's call recording feature you can do just that! Record inbound and outbound calls of any length with just the press of a button. Once the call is concluded, you will receive a link to the file via email that can also be stored for easy retrieval.
Keep track of important meetings and conferences among your team with Synclio's call recording option. Often the most innovative business ideas come from collaborative meetings and brainstorming sessions and you don't want to miss out on the good things that could come out of these interactions. Use group calling to get everyone together and record your meeting minutes instantly to be retrieved and used at a later date.
Real-life scenarios are often the most effective way to educate your team on proper policy and procedure. Recorded calls make excellent tools for training and coaching purposes as they help your employees hone their skills by showing them the best way to handle calls to improve customer satisfaction, accuracy and efficiency. Use real recorded incoming or outgoing calls as examples to show your team what does and doesn't work and help them improve their phone handling skills.
With call recording you will have instant access to calls received through your Synclio account. Best of all, it requires no additional hardware. Simply select it as an optional feature with your Synclio plan and activate it. Document vital business conversations and meetings, monitor your team's performance, record interviews and capture important information while you're on the road with the simple click of a button. Synclio's call recording feature helps to ensure you never miss an important detail.
Record inbound and outbound calls with the press of a button and easily archive them for reference or future use.
Turn your recorded calls into future training and coaching opportunities to maximize your team's performance and improve customer satisfaction.
Simply activate the call recording option on your Synclio plan and you're ready to begin capturing important call data instantly.


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Why Replace Lost Teeth?
It is very important to replace teeth you have lost for the following reasons:
-Visible gaps in your smile are unsightly. You may smile less and your confidence may be decreased.
-Multiple missing teeth can make speech more difficult.
-Every lost tooth means that the remaining teeth need to share that extra chewing load. This can cause them to fail earlier than they otherwise would.
-A minimum number of teeth that connect together are required to support your jaw joints and chew properly. TMD (Temporal Mandibular Joint Disorders) and poor nutrition can result from too many lost teeth.
-The jaw bone shrinks where teeth are lost often making replacement more difficult as time goes by. If too many teeth are lost and the entire jaw shrinks, then your lower face can look shorter vertically giving you an older appearance.
These are a lot of great reasons to keep your teeth!
Replacement Options for Missing Teeth
We offer the following options to replace missing teeth and fill gaps.
- Bridgework
- An Implant supported tooth
- Partial dentures
- Dentures
- Implant supported teeth
Bridgework helps fill spaces well by joining teeth together over a gap. A 'bridge' can fill in one tooth space or several with fairly natural looking teeth. A bridge is cemented in so it is permanently attached to your teeth so they don't move around nor come out. The only cons to bridgework are:
-The teeth on either side of the gap need extensive dental work. This isn't a problem if they already have a crown or big fillings but can be an issue if they never have had dental work done on them.
-The bite force of the missing tooth or teeth are shared by the remaining natural teeth under the bridge increasing the stress on them.
-Bridges are tricky to floss as you have to thread floss underneath the gap tooth. This is very important as bridges on natural teeth can be prone to decay in those spots that only floss gets into.
-Because the teeth are connected together, the bridge can look a bit bulkier and less defined than natural teeth.
Bridgework has been a mainstay in dentistry for many decades and can be white (porcelain) or gold. Dental plans usually cover them and bridgework can appear quite authentic and last for years without causing the wear and tear on the surrounding gums and teeth.
Single Tooth Replacement with an Implant Crown
An implant-supported crown is an excellent option for filling a single tooth gap in your smile! Dental implant supported crowns are usually the most cost-effective solution over time for you because they can possibly last the rest of your life!
Some advantages of dental implant crowns include:
- Can't get cavities.
- Leave surrounding teeth untouched. This is especially important if the teeth on either side of the gap have no fillings.
- Support themselves when chewing so other teeth don't get an increased load.
- Maintain the bone and gums around them much like natural teeth do.
- Look great as the teeth are separate.
- Are easier to maintain by flossing.
- Are usually the longest lasting choice.
Dr Malfair and our highly trained staff in Kelowna has been placing and restoring dental implants since 2006 and are educated in associated grafting techniques. So we can usually do all the work start to finish here in our office!
Partial Dentures
This option is a very cost-effective method of restoring a youthful smile when you are missing one or several teeth. This solution has been offered by dentists and denturists for a long time. While your smile may look much better with this choice, your chewing ability may be an issue and you may find them unstable, bulky and/or loose. A removable partial denture holds into your mouth by having clasps and relying on friction to hold onto your teeth. This friction over time can wear down your teeth and gums where the rubbing occurs when chewing.
A Denture is a very cost-effective and great looking option for replacing teeth when all the teeth in one jaw are lost or need to be removed. Dentists and denturists have offered dentures for a long time. Issues with dentures include:
-difficulty chewing hard foods.
-concern about the denture coming out when you least expect it.
-anxiety of being seen without your denture.
-difficulty speaking.
-eventual loss of jawbone resulting in a short lower part of your face and an older appearance.
These concerns are more pronounced with lower dentures than upper dentures.
Implant Supported Teeth
Implant supported teeth cover a lot of different options and address the problems of traditional dentures. The implants serve to fix teeth in place so:
-chewing function and speech is restored. These will work much like teeth.
-Your teeth are very stable and only are removable by a dentist.
-You will never be without your teeth.
-The jawbones are maintained so the lower part of the face doesn't shrink to the same degree as with traditional dentures.
There are a wide array of these solutions including:
-full dentures secured with 'snaps' like shirt snaps to several implants so you can remove these to clean them yourself.
-full arches of teeth (MUCH smaller than a denture) that are attached to 4-6 implants and made of a variety of materials including zirconia, arcrylic and porcelain. These include options like TEETH IN A DAY and ALL ON 4 solutions.


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News Room
Related Practices
IP Member Teaches UNC Law ClassApril 2013
Research Triangle Park Intellectual Property Member Tristan Fuierer is co-teaching a patent prosecution class offered within UNC School of Law's Spring 2013 curriculum. This is the first time the class has been offered by UNC.
"The purpose of this class is to teach the students what we actually do on a day-to-day basis as a patent prosecutor," Fuierer stated.There are currently 14 students enrolled in the class. Fuierer will also teach the class in Spring 2014.


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Restoring Fiscal Conflict
Flight 93 and Our National Disease
What Power of the Purse?
A few years ago Eugene Steuerle (Brookings) and his colleague Tim Roeper developed a "fiscal democracy index." It measures the extent to which revenues are already claimed by permanent programs—the big entitlement programs, and interest payments on the debt. The remaining "discretionary" portion has to pay for the entire government's operations, from defense to roads to education to the DoJ. The trajectory over the past half-century looks like this: Note how in this as in many other respects, the Clinton years look pretty darn good. And note how the index turned negative in 2009. The picture going forward doesn't look much…
Hamilton versus Jefferson: A Conversation with Carson Holloway on the Struggle to Complete the Founding
Winning the War on Debt
Those well-versed in the recent history of U.S. deficits and debt may not be aware—in fact I wasn't—that the national debt was paid off during the 1830s. Carl Lane has stepped up to educate us all on this remarkable event, which was as brief as it is unlikely ever to recur. Lane, a professor of history at Felician College, seems at first blush to be addressing a narrow topic. His book actually has a broader scope that includes an early history of the nation's finances, including the Bank of the United States. The main title of A Nation Wholly Free: The…
Toward a Softer, Kinder Constitutional Moment
In response to: Constitutional Moments
I admire all of Michael Greve's essay and agree with much of it. Like him, I worry about the long-term solvency of the United States. Like him, I doubt the capacity of partisan politics as currently structured to address that problem. And like him, I am a dyed-in-the wool Madisonian institutionalist who views changes of incentives as a more reliable basis for reform than an outburst of civic virtue. It was not so long ago that I regarded Herbert Stein's well-known aphorism as an antidote to despair. Lately I have begun to wonder. Yes, if something cannot go on forever, it…
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If something can't go on forever, Herb Stein instructed us, it won't. The relief that bad arrangements will not get eternally worse yields once more to alarm, however, when we contemplate how they will stop going on forever. With ample warning before we face mortal peril, and sufficient reservoirs of probity, good will, and intelligence…
Busting Through Our Dysfunctional Political Consensus With the Wisdom of Alexander Hamilton
For six-plus months, Greve, you've been yapping and yammering about the institutional causes of our political and economic malaise. Let's say you're right: what's your solution?
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Amendment XXVIII. For any fiscal year in which federal outlays exceed federal revenues, the IRS shall assess and collect a national head tax sufficient to cover the shortfall unless two-thirds of both houses of Congress vote to suspend the tax for that fiscal year.


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"Building Site" exhibition at Lisbon Architecture Triennale
October 27, 2016
One of the four main exhibitions of the 2016 Lisbon Triennale, "Building Site" allows for cross-readings on issues generated by building sites, inviting the viewer to reflect on the transformations in contemporary building sites, the challenges they face and the impact they have on the practice of architecture.
Just as the forms of architecture determine the organization of building sites, so technology and economy organize methods of production – with a significant social impact. These conditions constrict and stimulate architectural conception. From the communication between design and construction, the organization of time and money, to the rhetoric of politics and technological innovations, all the cards for architecture-to-be are played on the building site.
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"Building Site"
October 5 – December 11, 2016
Curator: André Tavares
Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Lower Gallery
Av. de Berna 45 Lisbon
The work of the architect serves as a counterbalance to the client's anxiety in relation to many factors, including the need to match building deadlines and cost optimisation with quality standards. In a building project many diverse interests require negotiation and the role of architecture unfolds as projects become buildings.
The exhibition is organized into modules, which serve as anchors for exploring different approaches.Presented in partnership with the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA), one of the modules draws from the professional archives of Cedric Price. It focuses on a report he produced in the 1970s aimed at improving work conditions on building sites.
Another example – presented in partnership with the Cité de l'Architecture & du Patrimoine – takes a look at the entrepreneurial strategy of François Hennebique who, in the late nineteenth century, mastered construction in reinforced concrete and paved the way for the concentration of technical knowledge in the field.
In the other modules different perspectives are presented: Usina, an architectural collective that fosters self-help housing developements in the Brazilian megalopolis of Sao Paulo; the process leading to the construction of OMA's Casa da Música, addressing the role of time in construction; the example of the project for the reconstruction of the Neues Museum in Berlin by David Chipperfield Architects, looking specifically at the communication unfolding between the various actors involved; the young architectural practice Skrei and their approach to material qualities; and finally a view upon the coldwar choreographies generated to serve as a stage for US and USSR heavy pre-fabricated steel and concrete panel construction.
The Lisbon Architecture Triennale is a non-profit association whose mission is to examine, foster and promote architectural thinking and practice. It holds a major forum every three years for the debate, discussion and dissemination of architecture across geographic and disciplinary boundaries. In addition to this main periodic appointment, the Triennale organizes conferences and events all year round, such as Open House Lisboa, an event that for one weekend each year opens the doors to the best architecture in the cities.
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From Media Hype to Twitter Storm
Peter Vasterman
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The word media hype is often used as rhetorical argument to dismiss waves of media attention as overblown, disproportional and exaggerated. But these explosive news waves, as well as - nowadays - the twitter storms, are object of scientific research, because they are an important phenomenon in the public area. Sometimes it is indeed 'much ado about nothing' but in many cases these media storms have play an important role in political issues, scandals and crises. Twitter storms sometimes ruin reputations within hours. Although different concepts are used, such as media hypes, news waves, media storms, information cascades or risk amplification, all the studies in this book refer to the same process in which key events trigger a chain of reactions and interactions, building up huge news waves in the media or rapidly spreading social epidemics in the social media.
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I have been trying to use up some of my odd balls of yarn left over from projects, which makes me feel industrious and is kind of fun because its a way to relive old projects.
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Research Article | Open Access
Vinod K. Bisht, Bhagwati P. Nautiyal, Chandra P. Kuniyal, P. Prasad, Rakesh C. Sundriyal, "Litter Production, Decomposition, and Nutrient Release in Subalpine Forest Communities of the Northwest Himalaya", Journal of Ecosystems, vol. 2014, Article ID 294867, 13 pages, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/294867
Litter Production, Decomposition, and Nutrient Release in Subalpine Forest Communities of the Northwest Himalaya
Production, decomposition, and release of nutrients from leaf and nonleaf litter were investigated in four subalpine forests of North-West Himalaya, India. Total annual litter fall in four communities varied from 2950.00 to 4040.00 kg ha−1 and was found significant (CD0.05 = 118.2). Decomposition of leaf litter varied from 1.82–3.5% during autumn-winter to 36.14–45.51 during summer rainy season in all stands and percent of mass loss was significantly varied in stands (CD6.00). Similarly, decomposition in nonleaf litter was varied from 0.3–1.1% during autumn-winter to 19.59–30.05% during summer rainy season and was significantly varied irrespective of seasons. However, percent decomposition of leaf litter and the values of decay constant () were at par in all stands. Total standing state of nutrients in fresh litter as well as release of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in due course of decomposition (12 months) was also varying significantly. The rate of nonleaf litter decomposition was significantly positively correlated with air temperature ( in all communities). The significant correlation was observed only in Rhododendron-Sorbus forest community (PRS). Study indicates that the air temperature is a major determinant for nonleaf litter decomposition in this region.
1. Introduction
Subalpine forests represent a transition zone between alpine areas and temperate forest communities [1] and shared floristic components of alpine and lower temperate zone. Thus, subalpine forests are the habitat specialized with key governing factors such as harsh environmental conditions including low soil and air temperatures, massive snowfall, scanty precipitation, and diurnal variations in the temperatures for ecosystem functioning. Notable shift in the vegetational pattern at subalpine region appears in the form of cessation of tree limit and beginning of alpine meadows those harbours herbaceous and complex mosaic of plant communities. Thus, subalpine habitats are indicators for presence of specific environmental and edaphic determinant. Majority of subalpine forests in the Northwestern Himalaya are sensitive to topography, anthropogenic interferences, and abrupt climatic changes [2].
The integrity of an ecosystem is maintained by the transfer of matter and energy between producers, consumers, and decomposers [3]. A major part of the annual gain of energy and matter is shed as litter [4] which enters into the decomposition subsystem as dead organic matter or detritus. The organic matter on the forest floor is a major source of energy for heterotrophic organisms and mineral nutrients for plant growth and significantly affects hydrology and ecosystem structure and function [5]. As decomposition of plant litter is central to many ecosystem functions such as soil formation and nutrient cycling [6, 7], a thorough understanding of this process is essential in understanding the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems.
The importance of forest floor components to site productivity is well known. The decomposition of forest litter is the foremost pathway for providing organic and inorganic elements for the nutrient cycling processes and maintenance of soil nutrient pool [6, 8]. Litter production and decomposition is a key process in biogeochemical process of forest ecosystem and varies with climate, season, substrate quality, and type of biota [9–12]. Chemical composition, amount of lignin, nitrogen, hemicelluloses, and secondary compounds are the variable for affecting decomposition [10]. Total litter fall is composed of leaf litter and nonleaf litter. The decay rate of leaf litter and nonleaf litter also varies [13]. In general, nonleaf litter decays slowly but it also provides habitats for fungi, bacteria, arthropods, and invertebrates [14].
The quantity of nutrients released in a unit area or in particular ecosystem is known to be dependent on the quality of biomass accumulated. Decomposition of litter is a sequential process whereby complicated organic compounds are continuously degraded into simpler substances, releasing nutrients as byproduct of their breakdown [15]. To comprehend its dynamics, it is important to start with the chemical composition of plant litter as litter chemistry is the main determinant of litter decomposition [8, 16] within a given climatic region followed by rate of decomposition and nutrient release to soil organic pool. However, little is known regarding litter production, rate of decomposition, and releases of these main nutrients to soil organic matter pool through various types of leaf litter forms in subalpine forests of Northwestern Himalaya.
Very few studies are available on the litter fall, factor associated with decomposition and nutrient release in the subalpine areas of Northwestern Himalaya [1, 8, 17–19]. In view of functional ecological attributes, subalpine areas in the Northwestern Himalaya are among the least investigated habitats; however, it is very important to monitor these areas for estimating the possible change in future [2]. Therefore, present communication reports (i) litter production in different forest types in subalpine area, (ii) disappearance rate and standing state of main macronutrients [total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P)] of litter, and (iii) release pattern of macronutrients through litter decomposition to soil organic matter pool.
2. Material and Method
2.1. Study Area
The Panar, a subalpine region in Chamoli district (Uttarakhand, North-West Himalaya, India) in the vicinity of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, was selected for this study (Figure 1). Varied topography with diverse vegetation consisting of broad leaf, conifers, and deciduous trees in this region provides an immense scope to explore functional aspects of the community. Geographically, this region is characterized by rugged and deep gorges, gullies, and moderate to steep slopes. Most of the region is towards south to southeast aspects. Floristic diversity, geographical structure, and altitudinal gradients in this region are unique. Along 3200 ± 100 m asl, a recognizable demarcation of tree line and alpine meadows is apparent. In general, the region experienced two seasons, that is, the winter season during October to March (autumn-winter season) and summer season during April to September (summer rainy season). The winter season commences with heavy frosting (October–December) followed by heavy snow fall (January-February) and the area remains under snow cover till the end of March [20]. The air temperature increases thereafter followed by heavy rainfall during July–September. The summer season therefore is favourable for plant growth. Mean minimum and maximum air temperatures during April to September were 2.96 and 14.80°C (Figure 2). Temperature may also drop to subzero during winter nights. Relative humidity during the study period was recorded approximately 70–94%. Sporadic premonsoon showers coupled with occasional hailstorms are also experienced in May and June. On the basis of ambient conditions this habitat may be categorized as "moist temperate subalpine."
Plant communities in the subalpine forests are stratified along an altitudinal gradient. In the subalpine areas of the Northwestern Himalaya, some conifers such as Abies spectabilis and Taxus baccata thrive well in association with broad leaved species including Acer caesium, Sorbus microphylla, Rhododendron arboreum, R. campanulatum, Betula utilis, and oaks (i.e., Quercus floribunda and Q. semecarpifolia). Spatial distribution and regeneration pattern of forest types in this subalpine area was studied by Bisht et al. [20]. Based on dominant tree species and their combinations, this region was divided into 4 stands for present study, namely, (1) Acer-Rhododendron (abbreviated as PAR, P for Panar), (2) Quercus-Quercus (PQQ), (3) Abies-Quercus (PAQ), and (4) Rhododendron-Sorbus (PRS) (Figure 3). Approximately m area was marked in each stand () and stratified by a distance of 30 ± 5 meters for the observation on litter production and soil analysis.
2.2. Physico-Chemical Analysis
From each stand, soil was collected at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depth and composited. Soil texture classes were determined by following the textural triangle, while soil colors were determined with reference to Munsell's soil color chart (Munsell Color Division, Kollmorgen Corporation, Baltimore, MD 24218, USA, 1971). Soil moisture content (%) and soil water holding capacity (%) were estimated by following Goel and Trivedi [21] gravimetrically. Soils pH was estimated using an electrometric pH meter (Environmental and Scientific Instrument Corporation, Model—1012 E). Total nitrogen (N%), available phosphorus (P%), and exchangeable potassium (K%) were estimated using the methods of Allen [22], Olsen et al. [23], and Jackson [24], respectively. The details of ecological and climatic parameters with physicochemical characteristics of soils in the study area are described earlier (see Bisht et al. [20]) and also given in Table 1.
|Values in parenthesis are percent of total stand density, #±-S.E., = 8.
2.3. Litter Standing Crop
Total litter fall was estimated using three randomly placed nylon litter traps of m dimension with 30 cm inner depth in triplicate which were fixed randomly 25 cm above ground in all 4 stands in the first week of October 2009 before the commencement of snow fall. Retrieving of litter twice a year was done, that is, after snow melt (first week of March, 2010) and prior to frost and snow fall (late September, 2010) to estimate annual litter production. Retrieved litter was segregated as leaf litter and nonleaf litter including twigs, seeds/cones, and bark and wood remains. In order to estimate the total litter fall during autumn-winter and summer rainy seasons, retrieved litter was oven dried at 55 ± 2°C. Annual litter fall in selected stands was weighed and converted to kg ha−1.
2.4. Assessment of Litter Decomposition
In another set of experiments, litter of different ligneous species was collected from the yellow senescent leaves, branches, twigs, and other parts of plants prior to abscission or recently abscised from each forest stand and was cleaned with a soft cloth to remove adhering debris. The litter was then air dried. Equal weights (200 g) of leaf litter and nonleaf litter were placed in nylon mesh bags measuring cm (1 mm mesh) on the floor of each stand during the first week of October, 2009, following Witkamp and van der Drift [25]. Experiment was designed to observe litter decomposition for a year (November 2009–October 2010). Decomposition rate was assessed under snow during winter months (i.e., October 2009–March 2010) and summer rainy seasons (i.e., April–October 2010). A total of 24 bags (8 months × 3 replicates) of each litter type in each stand were prepared. Overall, 192 bags were placed in randomized block disign in all 4 stands. The first batch of litter bags from each forest stand were recovered (in triplicate) in March, 2010, immediately after snow melt in the area to assess the rate of decomposition under snow. Thereafter, litter bags were retrieved monthly from April to October, 2010, for the growth period. Retrieved litter bags were brought to the laboratory in sealed polyethylene bags. After using soft cloth to remove fine soil particles, litter samples were oven dried at 55 ± 2°C until constant weight was recorded. Dry weights of samples were recorded (Digital electronic balance XX-7301A, Anamed Instrumentation Pvt. Ltd.). The litter decomposition rate () for the time period (month) and decay constant () for the annual rate of decomposition was calculated following Sangha et al. [10] as where is original weight of litter for decomposition (g), is weight of litter remaining at time period , is decay constant, and is time period (12 months for ).
2.5. Nutrients Release Pattern
To estimate the monthly release of nutrients, oven dried (55 ± 2°C) initial litter of both litter types as well as litter retrieved from the field was powdered and analysed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) as per the methods of [22, 24, 26], respectively. Standing stock of nutrients for each forest stand was calculated as litter standing crop multiplied by nutrient contents of litter. The amount of nutrient release was calculated by subtracting the amount of nutrient present after decomposition at time from that of initial nutrient stock.
2.6. Data Analysis
The data obtained from different observations were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using randomized block design. Significance of the variance () due to time interval and between stands was determined by calculating the respective value and then critical difference [27]. Similarly, correlation coefficient () between temperature and humidity with mass loss through decomposition in due course of observation was also analyzed by using linear correlation regression analysis.
3. Results
3.1. Litter Production
Observations on litter fall reveal that annual litter fall ranged from 2950 kg ha−1 (PAR) to 4040 kg ha−1 (PRS) (CD0.05 = 118.2) although, independently for leaf litter and nonleaf litter, there were no significant differences. Annually, leaf litter contributed 75–79% of total litter production compared to nonleaf litter in the stands with no significant difference among stands. Marked seasonal variations were noted in the amount of litterfall (leaf litter and nonleaf litter) with being higher during the summer rainy season compared to autumn-winter. Of the total litterfall, leaf litter contributed (62–78%) in autumn-winter season. The contribution of leaf litter increased (80–85%) in comparison to nonleaf litter in summer rainy season (Table 2).
|Forest stands abbreviation given in Table 1; 2LL: leaf litter; 3CWD: coarse woody debris; 4values in parenthesis are percent, #summer rainy: April to September, and autumn-winter: October to March months; *significant.
3.2. Decomposition Rate
Decomposing leaf litter lost 1.8–3.5% of original mass during autumn-winter and 36.1–45.5% during summer rainy season in all stands. The mean monthly decomposition during summer rainy season (May–October) varied from 6.0% (PQQ) to 7.6% (PRS) (Figure 4). However, mass loss from leaf litter varied significantly (P0.05) among stands in both seasons (Table 3). Standing state of nutrients varied significantly in fresh litter (Table 4). The decomposition of leaf litter in stands with Abies (PAQ) and Rhododendron (PAR) was found less sensitive to air temperature and humidity as indicated in Table 5. Decomposition of nonleaf litter was 0.3 (PQQ)–1.1% (PRS) during autumn-winter season; nevertheless variation in decomposition rate () as well as mass loss (CD0.05 = 0.7) among stands was found significant. During summer rainy season, decomposition rate () as well as mass loss was lower than leaf litter but then variation in mass loss among stands was found significant (CD0.05 = 11.8).
| Values in parenthesis are average for per month; *significant; nsnot significant.
|Indicates standing state of litter nutrients in selected forest types; +initial concentration in fresh litter kept for decomposition; #percent of initial concentration+ released from decomposed litter after 12 months; •significant.
|Significant level: .
It appears from Table 3 that 37–47 percent of original litter decomposed after a year in all stands even if the variation in decomposing litter between the stands was significant (CD0.05 = 6.0). Comparatively, less nonleaf litter was decomposed in all stands with no significant variation (CD0.05 = 12.8) and the value of per cent mass loss ranged from 19.6 to 30.0. The decay constant () year−1 reflected the slower decay rate especially for nonleaf litter where it was at par in all stands and ranged from 1.24 (PQQ and PAQ) to 1.42 kg ha−1 (PRS). For LL, although variation in values of stands was not significant and ranged from 1.6 (PAQ) to 1.9 kg ha−1 (PRS), it was reported to be slightly higher than the values for nonleaf litter. This indicates high decay rate of leaf litter over nonleaf litter. During this study, decomposition rate of nonleaf litter was significantly correlated with air temperature in all stands ( = 0.63–0.74) and with the rate of leaf litter decomposition in PRS. However, relationship between decomposition rate and humidity was not significant (Table 5).
3.3. Standing Stock and Release Pattern of Nutrients
The total standing state of N ranged between 64.5 and 93.3 kg ha−1, P between 6.2 and 12.5 kg ha−1, and K between 43.9 and 59.4 kg ha−1 in different stands (Table 4; Figures 5–7). In general, fresh litter of stand PRS showed a maximum content of all nutrients probably due to broad leaf litter of Rhododendron and even Sorbus.
During decomposition, N concentration from leaf litter declined by 0.9 ± 0.1% to 1.4 ± 0.1% in different stands during summer rainy months while it ranged only between 0.7 and 1.0% in winter. Similarly, N concentration declined from nonleaf litter ranged between 1.1 ± 1.0% and 2.5 ± 1.5% at all stands. Decline in N concentration in leaf litter was low compared to nonleaf litter at selected stands during all months (Figure 4). Similarly, P from leaf litter declined from 0.1 ± 0.01 to 0.1 ± 0.01% while it was 0.1 ± 0.1% to 0.2 ± 0.16% from nonleaf litter (Figure 5). The values of decline in K concentration from leaf litter ranged from 0.3 ± 0.02% to 0.6 ± 0.1% and from nonleaf litter it followed the same trend in all stands (Figure 6).
4. Discussion
Annual litter standing crop, contribution by leaf litter and nonleaf litter to total litter, and litter production were similar in all stands irrespective of vegetation composition. However, litter production in different forest stands in present subalpine region was at lower site as reported by Tripathi et al. [28] and Pandey et al. [29]. Seasonal quantity and quality of total litter production during this study follow the model of litter production correlated to climatic factors [30]. As usual, the broad leaved deciduous species returned slightly higher quantity of leaf litter compared to the conifer species mixed habitats. However, the variations in standing state of leaf litter and nonleaf litter dropped to the ground were not significant within seasons or among stands. In general leaf litter contributes around 70% of annual litter production in cold temperate habitats [31]. In the subalpine regions of Himalaya, leaf litter is reported to be the major contributor (67–81%) in total annual litter production [1]. However, on seasonal basis, nonleaf litter contributes more to total litter production during autumn-winter than during summer rainy season. This may be attributed to the presence of Acer caesium (PAR) and Sorbus macrophylla (PRS), which are deciduous and shed their leaves and twigs during autumn-winter season. Besides, nonleaf litter also includes seeds/fruits.
Litter decomposition and nutrient fluxes depend mainly on litter chemistry and plant types in a given climatic region [29, 32]. Significant variation in percent decomposition of nonleaf litter (Table 3) irrespective of season may be attributed to litter chemistry.
It is believed that litter decomposition is generally low in the forests across the globe under cold climate [3]. The rate of litter decomposition significantly correlated to the air temperatures, precipitation and moisture contents in the litter [33, 34], and abundance of macro-detrivores such as invertebrates and arthropods [35]. Low temperatures are known to retard activity of soil microbes [36]. Slow decomposition of litter during autumn-winter may attribute to this phenomenon. In present study, higher rate of decomposition was observed in both the litter types during summer rainy season. Alhamd et al. [37] reported that activity of decomposers is also favoured by high temperatures and high relative humidity. However, easily decomposable litter of tree species may undergo rapid mass loss at the initial stages of decomposition [4].
The decomposition of leaf litter in stands with Abies (PAQ) and Rhododendron (PAR) was found less sensitive to air temperature and humidity. This might be due to higher lignin content that made litter somewhat complex in terms of readily available quality [38]. Beyond 30% decomposition, lignin content becomes increasingly important for further decomposition [39].
Significant variation in standing state of nutrients may primarily be due to different vegetation composition and dominance of one or a few tree species in all stands. Also, release of all 3 minerals varied significantly in all stands. The variation in release of N from both types of decomposing litter may vary due to higher fungal activity which increases N content in decomposing litter [40]. Pande et al. [41] reported N as the most important factor in leaf litter decomposition in an Oak-Conifer forest. Higher N content initially promotes decomposition and later on has suppressing effect due to the impedance created by its presence on lignin degrading enzymes [42]. The standing state of K was higher than P. However, percent release of P was higher. The litter of high altitude species is rich in P content as compared to the low altitude species and releases P continuously during decomposition [18]. Potassium-litter chemistry is poorly documented so far but major flux is via canopy leaching [43]. However, low obtainability of N along with P in litter could be one of the reasons of slow decomposition rate as described by Berg and Laskowski [44].
In general, abiotic factors (like precipitation, temperature), composition of microbial and plant species, and altered chemical composition of stand types were major determinant for the release of nutrients during the course of decomposition [7, 8, 10, 45]. Nevertheless, comparatively a small amount of the nutrients present in original above ground litter was transferred to the soil through disappearance and decomposition of aboveground litter as also reported by Rawat et al. [7] and Rawat et al. [8] for alpine ecosystem of Northwestern Himalaya. Litter shed by subalpine forests does not decompose completely in the subsequent favourable season and layers of litter are deposited on the floor of the forests which are subsequently replaced from the system through runoff during rainy season.
5. Conclusion
Annual litter fall, seasonal decomposition, and nutrient releases patterns in the four sites at a subalpine habitat of Northwestern Himalaya indicated the following. (i) Leaf litter is a major contributor in the total litter fall; however, some species may also shed the tender twigs and variety of other nonleaf litter during autumn-winter. (ii) Decomposition of the litter was noted to be better during favourable season (i.e., summer rainy). Based on above observations, it can be concluded that comparatively small amount of the nutrients present in original above ground litter was transferred to the soil through disappearance and litter decomposition.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
The authors are thankful to Director of Herbal Research and Development Institute, Mandal, Gopeshwar, and Director of High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, Srinagar, Garhwal, for providing necessary facilities.
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Copyright © 2014 Vinod K. Bisht et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Succinic acid, dec-2-yl 2-naphthyl ester
- Formula: C24H32O4
- Molecular weight: 384.5085
- IUPAC Standard InChI:
- InChI=1S/C24H32O4/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-11-19(2)27-23(25)16-17-24(26)28-22-15-14-20-12-9-10-13-21(20)18-22/h9-10,12-15,18-19H,3-8,11,16-17H2,1-2H3
- Download the identifier in a file.
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UBVKPNNALPBLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Options:
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- Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.


text:
My problem:
Even with all recommended "Trade quality for performance" options selected and fairly tame filtering I still get low performance (~15 fps when I should be getting at the very least 24, i.e, 10 frame drops per second). I really doubt a setup this old and widely-used takes hardware this good to run minimally well.
My bulid: ~2-3 year old ASUS gaming laptop with
Probably useful info:
- MPC-HC with LAV, madVR, CCCP, XYsubfilter and ASSmod (because they don't always both work)
- i7-6700HQ @ 2.60 GHz
- 1TB HDD and 128GB SSD
- Windows 10
- It uses up nearly all of my GPU's time (yes, the dedicated GPU) but not so much the CPU
- Most of the GPU usage is for 3D (and a little bit for decoding)
- I have Vsync enabled but it doesn't seem to improve performance at all
- Integrated Graphics don't do anything (can't use both GPU's at once for the same thing)
- Render time is fairly low at the start of the video file leading me to suspect the GPU stores unnecessary frames (maybe changing GPU flush settings could help?)
- madVR takes too long to render the frames, which is the likely cause of his issue.
Using CTRL+J I see frame render time usually hovers 70ms when it should take at most 1/24 ~ 42ms
Here's a link to my madVR and LAV settings
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Your settings are pretty advanced. Create a folder called "ShowRenderSteps" within the madvr folder. Then the OSD (CTRL+J) will show where the time is spent.
You say at the beginnung of the video render times are ok, then too long. Is your GPU being throttled because it overheats/uses too much power? Did you monitor your GPU clock rates/power state yet?
"ShowRenderSteps" seems pretty useful but I can't see all of the text (too many lines). Any way I can display all of them / log them?
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text:
|Real customer reviews
V**g C.
2 Apr 2017 19:39
Exquisite boxes. france correct delivery time.
E*******h C.
2 Apr 2017 19:37
excellent quick delivery
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21 Mar 2017 07:20
Cute a poco Boys But very cute
15 Mar 2017 09:16
Boxes are beautiful and good quality but rest small i-m'attendais bigger.
C****f Z.
13 Mar 2017 09:50
Very good product as pictured
D*****a D.
13 Mar 2017 04:53
Very nice loved me :)
M***y B.
10 Mar 2017 00:34
Colors are very beautiful bright
9 Mar 2017 19:26
A. primerno. month... I think. that will not have time to other children. but no .. prishli)) sooo cool... look carefully)) a couple of pieces not very good (one stained. and the other a little wrinkled), but in general, they are worth the money))
9 Mar 2017 14:04
Beautiful, petit size
S***h N.
3 Mar 2017 02:48
Slow order processing but fast shipping
17 Feb 2017 06:47
Excellent figment, the only thing Is that came to me 3 BOXES less than las purple.
16 Feb 2017 22:03
Las BOXES are Precious, thanks
B*****i F.
14 Feb 2017 08:59
Lovely treees except the white color is not clear
1 Feb 2017 05:22
Very nice! Thanks
M****a K.
27 Jan 2017 06:39
Took the silver: small, but very nice.
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Sophomore is The Voice of Teen Band Vague Rendition
October 15, 2018
There are many talented students at West Springfield High School that work towards their dreams daily. One of them is sophomore talent show winner and athlete Grace Wayrynen. Wayrynen is the lead singer of the teenage band Vague Rendition.
Wayrynen has the ability to sing any genre of music with ease. She has been performing in concert since the age of eleven, and has been singing for many years and advancing her skills and vocal abilities. Along with her impressive vocals, she also plays piano, ukulele, and a little bit of guitar and bass. Wayrynen loves singing and sharing her voice with others. For Wayrynen, singing is a stress reliever and she doesn't get nervous for shows.
Vague Rendition includes five members, they came up with the name because they believe they are a vague rendition of everyone else. All members, with the exception of Wayrynen, are from Suffield, Connecticut and recently graduated high school. They have been a band for the past four years and Grace joined last year. Since then, the band has become very close and enjoy practicing and performing together. Practices are sometimes hard to schedule due to a majority of the band being in college.
The five members of Vague Rendition include Grace Wayrynen, Ryan Bedlack, Matt Vindigni, Peyton Meissner, and Nick Peroulakis. Ryan Bedlack (19) is the band's drummer and sophomore at University of Haven. Bedlack is blind in one eye and that has never held him back in music or life. He is very impressive in concert and Bedlack still is able to play complicated drum solos. Matt Vindigni (18) is the band's bassist. Wayrynen said, "We call him the bus driver because he drives the band." Peyton Meissner (18) is the band's guitarist and founder of Vague Rendition. Meissner organizes all of their events and basically manages the band. Nick Peroulakis (18) is the band's other guitarist but also plays multiple instruments such as bass, trumpet, and more.
Their most common music genre is classic rock. Some frequent covers they perform are "Hotel California," "Comfortably Numb," "Santeria," "Should I stay or Should I go?" Vague Rendition does have a few original songs such as "Here" written by Peroulakis and Bedlack. The band has a variety of outside influences. According to Wayrynen, their biggest inspiration is, "Pink Floyd because they are unique and set themselves apart from other artists." They plan to keep performing at local places and keep having fun with performing and writing originals. Check out their website, Youtube channel, and social media for their upcoming performances.
Social media: @vaguerendition


text:
how do i get trial version of windows vista
Microsoft generally offers trial versions only in the early stages of the release of an OS. That time has long since passed for Vista and Windows 7 as well.
There was no trial version of Vista, many misinterpret the 30 days grace allowed before having to activate it as a trial.
That was never the case as you had to buy it before you could install it and get the 30 days to activate it.


text:
My name is Randy Smith and on this page you'll see how I extracted the 7 Keys that every successful marketer follows from none other than John Thornhill.
John has been making a full time income online for years now and has slowly but surely risen through the ranks of internet marketers to the point of being labelled a Guru to some and mentor to others.
While you read every word on this page, you'll learn the exact keys John told me I'd need to follow if I wanted to turn a few hundred a month income into thousands.
If you're anything like me, you've probably seen reports and eBooks all over the place offering the key to success.
You've no doubt bought one or more of these – only to find that yes, the information was good, the content accurate and even eye opening……
So off you go, more trial and error until you are pitched to buy yet another product that will surely be the key to your success!I followed a similar path for years – 5 years to be precise
(In fact I often wonder how I lasted so long)
Then a couple of years ago I came across one of John's eBooks, as usual I duly bought the product and began reading it…. John included so much good content that I found myself joining his forum.
Try to picture the scene – here I was still a relative newbie because the only thing I had so far learned was how to get out my credit card and pay for yet another 'Key to Success' that had failed to move me on.
Is that a hard picture to see?…. or do you find it easy to visualize because you've been there yourself?
Trust me I know how you feel, I felt let down and de-motivated myself on nearly every occasion.
But this time it did seem different, I found John to be approachable and active in his forum, along with some great members who all seemed to help each other.
Having learned to accomplish some things online I was earning a few hundred a month and even helping out myself, offering my skills and services.
And this is what John has taught me, that delivering value to others is the key to internet riches, if you get to know John and listen to what he says over a period of time you start to realize that a lot of what he teaches is so simple, yet most people do things completely wrong. This was when I knew I had to find out more, and here we are today.
Can you imagine if you could just get someone like John to really open up in one fell swoop? Think about how much more quickly and easily you could achieve your dreams of a regular income of hundreds or even thousands of dollars online – if you could just find all the keys to successful marketing in one place!
Well after knowing John for a couple of years I gained enough respect from him, to have him open up to me. We even formed a relationship where John would hire me to do some of the work he outsourced, and it was during one of these tasks that I really got to chat about my future and how I could get myself on the right road to regular profits.
Here's what happened…
I extracted the 7 keys to success from John that he follows religiously, and I put them to use.
Net result – my list grew, my income grew and my online reputation grew!
And as John has seen the difference it made in me – he's insisting we share this information with others.
Those others include you – if you seriously want to get ahead online.
If you have dreams of seeing regular "Notification of Payment Received" in your inbox.
If you can picture yourself opening the door to success not with some fantasy single key – that never quite seems to fit the lock then allow me to introduce…
John has made me document each and every key.
I've quizzed him time and again to draw out of him the Why's and the How's that you need to follow, so that as sure as you're staring at a computer screen to read this – you have the answers you need to guarantee your freedom.
|You'll be free from ever wondering again what the missing key is.
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|Maybe you've even been this far before only to feel it all falling away from you — Not Anymore
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By the time you have all the keys in place – there wont be any doubt in your mind or your account balance that you have what it takes … you'll have the self same keys that every successful marketer follows and you'll know exactly how to open doors with them. So I ask you?
Do you have any concerns that these keys will be safe in your hands?
Let me assure you – once John had talked me through the 7 keys to Success, I went on to see increases in every area of my activities online….. put simply, They Work! The question really is, will you put them to work for you?
I did, and as a sign of gratitude when John asked me to write it all up – I jumped at the chance.
I could have simply done yet another question and answer audio or transcript…. but instead I chose to make an effort to detail everything John had taught me because John sincerely wants to help others and he truly helped me.
Now I get to pay him back by helping make this the best I can so that together we can help you.