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Coronavirus (COVID-19): General adviceSee all parts of this guide Hide guide parts
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is the illness caused by a new strain of coronavirus first identified in Wuhan city, China. It can cause a new continuous cough, fever or loss of, or change in, sense of smell or taste (anosmia).
Generally, coronavirus can cause more severe symptoms in people with weakened immune systems, older people and those with long term conditions like diabetes, cancer and chronic lung disease.
This is a rapidly changing situation which is being monitored carefully.
Higher risk of severe illness
Some people are at higher risk of developing severe illness with coronavirus. These people should strictly follow physical distancing measures.
Their household and other contacts should also strictly follow physical distancing advice.
Higher-risk group
This group includes people who are:
- aged 70 or older (regardless of medical conditions)
- under 70 and instructed to get a flu jab as an adult each year on medical grounds
- pregnant
And those with:
- chronic (long-term) respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema or bronchitis
- chronic heart disease, such as heart failure
- chronic kidney disease
- chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis
- chronic neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), a learning disability or cerebral palsy
- diabetes
- problems with their spleen, for example sickle cell disease
- a weakened immune system as the result of conditions such as HIV and AIDS, or medicines such as steroid tablets or chemotherapy
- a BMI of 40 or above who are seriously overweight
Extremely high risk of severe illness
Some groups of people are considered to be at extremely high risk of severe illness with coronavirus. These people should should strictly follow physical distancing and hygiene measures.
Their household and other contacts should strictly follow physical distancing and hygiene measures to protect them.
Extremely high-risk group
This group includes people with:
- cancer and are receiving active chemotherapy
- lung cancer and are either receiving or previously received radical radiotherapy
- cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukaemia, lymphoma or myeloma who are at any stage of treatment
- severe chest conditions such as cystic fibrosis, severe asthma, severe COPD, severe bronchiectasis and pulmonary hypertension
- rare diseases, including all forms of interstitial lung disease/sarcoidosis, and inborn errors of metabolism (such as SCID and homozygous sickle cell) that significantly increase the risk of infections
- an absent spleen or have had their spleen removed
- significant heart disease (congenital or acquired) and are pregnant
And those that have had:
- solid organ transplants
- bone marrow or stem cell transplants in the last 6 months, or who are still taking immunosuppression drugs
Or receiving:
- immunotherapy or other continuing antibody treatments for cancer
- other targeted cancer treatments which can affect the immune system, such as protein kinase inhibitors or PARP inhibitors
- immunosuppression therapies that significantly increase the risk of infection
- renal dialysis treatment
I'm not sure if I fall into one of the more vulnerable groups. What should I do?
If you have an underlying health condition or take medicines regularly but you're not sure whether or not you fall into one of the more vulnerable groups, you should phone your GP practice and say you want advice about your underlying condition or your medicines.
People who are considered to be extremely vulnerable to severe illness will receive a letter giving them further advice, but if you remain unsure, contact your GP.
Symptoms of coronavirus
The most common symptoms are new:
- continuous cough
- fever/high temperature (37.8C or greater)
- loss of, or change in, sense of smell or taste (anosmia)
A new continuous cough is where you:
- have a new cough that's lasted for an hour
- have had 3 or more episodes of coughing in 24 hours
- are coughing more than usual
A high temperature is feeling hot to the touch on your chest or back (you don't need to measure your temperature). You may feel warm, cold or shivery.
Some people will have more serious symptoms, including pneumonia or difficulty breathing, which might require admission to hospital.
Could I have coronavirus?
Use this guide to find out what to do next if you have developed any of these symptoms and are worried about coronavirus.
Self-help guide
If you have coronavirus symptoms
If you've developed symptoms (however mild), stay at home for 10 days from the start of your symptoms and arrange to be tested. Do not go to your GP, pharmacy or hospital.
You should remain at home until you get the result of the test, and then follow the advice you will be given based on the result.
Read our stay at home guidance for households with possible coronavirus infection.
When to get help
Only phone 111 if:
- your symptoms worsen during home isolation, especially if you're in a high or extremely high-risk group
- breathlessness develops or worsens, particularly if you're in a high or extremely high-risk group
- your symptoms haven't improved in 10 days
If you have a medical emergency, phone 999 and tell them you have coronavirus symptoms.
Caring for a cough or fever at home
Do the people I live with need to take any action?
If you live with other people and have symptoms, they'll need to stay at home for 14 days from the start of your symptoms even if they don't have symptoms themselves.
If they develop symptoms within the 14 days, they need to stay at home for 10 days from the day their symptoms started and arrange to be tested. They should do this even if it takes them over the 14-day isolation period.
Your whole household should follow our stay at home guidance for households with possible coronavirus infection.
Get an isolation note to give to your employer
You can send an isolation note to your employer as proof you need to stay off work because of coronavirus.
You don't need to get a note from a GP.
Is there anything I can do to prepare?
You should start planning now for how you would manage a period of self-isolation just in case everyone in your household needs to stay at home.
Your plan might include:
- talking to your neighbours and family and exchanging phone numbers of household contacts
- making a plan for those in your home who are considered vulnerable.
- creating a contact list with phone numbers of neighbours, schools, employer, pharmacist and your GP
- setting up online shopping accounts if possible
- ensuring adequate supplies of any regular medication, but do not over-order
- talking to any children or young people in your household as they may be worried about coronavirus
You can find advice for supporting your child's mental health during coronavirus through Parent Club.
Testing for coronavirus
Anyone with symptoms of coronavirus should be tested. You can book a test for:
- yourself
- someone you care for
- a child in your care
Key workers, and anyone in their household with symptoms, can access testing through their employer in the first instance and will be given priority.
If you test positive for the virus your close contacts will be traced as part of the national Test and Protect approach to containing the virus.
Overseas visitors, asylum seekers and refugees
People who have come to Scotland to work, study or claim asylum (including refugees) will not pay for any coronavirus tests or treatments they need.
More about the coronavirus arrangements for overseas visitors
How the virus spreads
Because it's a new illness, we don't know exactly how the virus spreads from person to person.
People can become infected when droplets land directly on them or they touch contaminated objects and surfaces. That is why good respiratory hygiene and hand washing are so important.
The virus might also spread by people 2 days before developing symptoms or by those who don't develop significant symptoms at all.
How to avoid catching coronavirus
You can reduce your risk of getting and spreading the infection by:
- avoiding direct hand contact with your eyes, nose and mouth
- maintaining good hand hygiene
- avoiding direct contact with people that have a respiratory illness and avoiding using their personal items such as their mobile phone
- covering your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing with disposable tissues and disposing of them in the nearest waste bin after use
- following the guidance for households with possible coronavirus infection and arranging to be tested if someone in your household has symptoms
- making sure everyone in your household follows the Scottish Government's coronavirus advice as much as possible and to stay away from other people
- making sure your household follows the physical distancing advice, especially anyone in a vulnerable group
You can't catch coronavirus from food. But it is possible to catch it if you touch an infected surface or object and then touch your mouth or nose.
Food Standards Scotland have answered some common questions about coronavirus and food.
Wash your hands regularly
Wash your hands with soap and water or alcohol hand sanitiser before eating and drinking, and after coughing, sneezing and going to the toilet.
How to wash your hands (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9hCY-MldMA)
Treating coronavirus
Currently, there's no vaccine and no specific treatment for the virus.
There's no evidence to show a link between ibuprofen, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), and catching or making coronavirus worse.
Paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used to help with the symptoms of coronavirus if needed, unless your doctor has told you paracetamol or NSAIDs are not suitable for you. Use these medications according to the instructions on the packet or label and do not exceed the recommended dose.
Coronavirus helpline
We have set up a free helpline (0800 028 2816) to help with any questions you have about coronavirus that you can't answer online.
The helpline is open from 8.00am to 10.00pm each day.
Further information
- Coronavirus (COVID-19): Check your symptoms
- Coronavirus (COVID-19): Physical distancing
- Coronavirus (COVID-19): Shielding
- Coronavirus (COVID-19): Ask NHS inform a question
On other websites
Common questions
Is there a risk of passing on infection through shared use of or contact with towels or bed linen used by a person who develops coronavirus?
You should wash clothes, towels and bed linen that has been used by someone with symptoms at the highest temperature appropriate for the fabric. Follow the instructions on the manufacturer's label.
Anyone with symptoms of respiratory illness should:
- use their own towels and bed linen
- wash these separately from other people living in the household
Don't shake dirty laundry as this can spread the virus through the air.
I have heard that someone who attends my workplace/my child's school has coronavirus. What should I do?
You don't need to take any specific actions as long as you and your child remain well and you haven't been contacted because you're a close contact of someone with the virus. If you are identified as a close contact, you will be given further advice.
If you develop symptoms, follow our advice for self-isolation and arrange to be tested. Phone 111 if you or your child has severe symptoms.
How soon after contact with the virus do people become unwell?
Because this is a new virus, we do not know enough to have a precise incubation period. Experience so far suggests the average time it takes for symptoms to develop is 4 to 6 days after exposure, but it may be as short as 1 day or much longer.
How long can coronavirus survive outside the body?
Items that may have been contaminated with the virus aren't considered to be infectious after 3 days. This includes any personal items or clothing used by someone who has had symptoms
After 3 days you can:
- place rubbish bags containing personal waste, such as tissues used by someone with symptoms, in the normal waste
- take laundry used by someone who is ill to a launderette
Regular household cleaning is important to remove the virus from surfaces and household items quickly.
I have had a positive test result for COVID-19 but I have not had any symptoms-what should I do?
If you have had a positive test result you should follow all the guidance for households with possible coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.
You must isolate at home for 10 days from the day your test was taken. All other members of your household must isolate at home for 14 days from the day your test was taken.
If you develop symptoms in the days after your test, you should re-start your own and your household's isolation from the day your symptoms start.
I've had a second test and it's still showing positive for coronavirus. What should I do?
Repeating testing to show you no longer have coronavirus is not currently recommended for the general public.
The test can stay positive for several weeks after you've had coronavirus but this doesn't mean that you are still infectious. You may end self-isolation after 10 days as long as you feel better and no longer have a high temperature.
If your employer has told you that you need to be re-tested, you should follow their advice on when you can return to work.
Because this is a new disease, it is not yet known how much immunity people will develop following an episode of infection, or how long any immunity will last. If you recover from an episode of coronavirus confirmed by testing, and you later develop new symptom, you still need to follow all the advice about self-isolation and household isolation again.
Is my pet at risk from coronavirus?
There is emerging evidence some animals can become infected with coronavirus after close contact with infected humans.
Only a small number of infections have been reported globally. The majority had contact with infected households or people. There have been no reported cases of coronavirus in livestock in the UK, and infections in pets are very rare.
It's always a good idea to wash your hands with soap and water after contact with pets and other animals. This can help to protect you and your pet against common infections that can pass between animals and humans.
Follow the Scottish Government's advice for pet owners to make sure you are following advice on reducing contact with other people.
I am a carer, what will happen if I need to isolate?
If you're a carer and need to isolate because you or someone you live with is unwell or you've been identified as a close contact, you should discuss the needs of the person you care for with your social worker or primary care team. They'll assess the risk to the health of the person you care for to find out what support they'll need while you're isolated.
You should also:
- speak with your family and friends about who could take over your caring role if you become unwell or need to self-isolate - just in case local services can't provide support
- have key information about the person you care for easily available so that anyone taking over care has all the information they need
If you or your friends and family are unable to care for someone, contact your local social work department for help.
What about my home visits from health and social care staff?
If you need a home visit while you're self-isolating, tell your care provider in advance that you're following our stay at home advice so they can follow the appropriate guidance.
I provide personal care. How do I access personal protective equipment (PPE)?
Unpaid carers
If you're an unpaid carer who can't access PPE for your care role through your normal routes, phone your local authority or local carers' centre to find out how to access it locally.
Care Information Scotland has a list of local carers' centres and young carer services. If your local carers' centre is unavailable, phone the Social Care PPE Support Centre (0300 303 3020).
The Scottish Government has published guidance for unpaid carers providing personal care and information for social care providers, personal assistants, and unpaid/family carers on how to access personal protective equipment (PPE).
Personal assistants
If you're a personal assistant who can't access PPE for your care role through normal routes, phone the Social Care PPE Support Centre (0300 303 3020) to find out how to access it locally.
The Scottish Government has published guidance on self-directed support options 1 and 2 for local authority and Health and Social Care Partnership staff for use during the coronavirus.
What effect does coronavirus have if someone is pregnant?
As this is a new virus, how it affects someone who is pregnant isn't yet clear. You should carefully follow our physical distancing guidance to be safe.
We expect that a large majority of people who are pregnant will only experience mild or moderate cold or flu-like symptoms.
People who are pregnant don't appear to be more susceptible to the consequences of coronavirus than the general population.
We have more detailed coronavirus guidance for people who are pregnant
I have a condition or take medicines that affects my immune system. Do I need to take any special precautions?
People with weakened immune systems can show different signs of coronavirus infection. Speak to your hospital care team or GP if you're concerned about any new symptoms.
You should also carefully follow our physical distancing advice, depending on the nature of your immune disorder.
How should I clean surfaces in my home if someone has been unwell with a cough, cold or other respiratory illness?
Many readily available household cleaners will kill viruses and bacteria. You can either use a:
- combined detergent/disinfectant solution
- neutral general purpose detergent followed by disinfection
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution and any guidance on application and contact times for all detergents and disinfectants.
Always wash your hands after cleaning. Wash or dispose of cleaning cloths as usual.
Will wearing a face mask or covering help to prevent the virus spreading?
People must by law wear a face covering:
- in all shops and supermarkets
- on public transport
- in public transport premises such as railway and bus stations and airports (This applies to open air train stations but not to bus stops)
- on school transport (children aged 5 and over)
- in secondary schools (corridors and communal areas) but not in classrooms
- in libraries
- in museums
- in banks/post offices
- in places of worship
If a face shield is worn, another face covering must be worn underneath.
Face masks and coverings must not be used as an alternative to physical distancing, hand washing, respiratory hygiene and household isolation if someone in your household has symptoms. These are the most important and effective measures to prevent the virus spreading.
The Scottish Government has produced guidance on the personal use of face coverings during the coronavirus outbreak.
Can I return unused medicines?
You can now return unused medicines to your community pharmacy for disposal. However, you cannot return essential medicines if you:
- have or have had coronavirus symptoms (or a positive test result) and are still within your 10 days self-isolation period
- are self-isolating for 14 days as someone you live with has or has had symptoms
- have been identified as a close contact of someone who has tested positive
If you or others in your household have symptoms you need to stay at home and follow our guidance for households with possible coronavirus infection.
When returning medication:
- wipe the outside of the bottle or packaging with a damp cloth using your usual detergent
- place in a plastic bag
- separate any medicines with needles or controlled drugs from other medicines
- wash your hands for 20 seconds with soap and water or alcohol hand sanitiser after handling
Is it safe to drink from water fountains?
In general, you shouldn't drink directly from the spout of a water fountain.
If the spout is a suitable design you can fill cups and water bottles. Spouts with 'swan neck' designs are most suitable for this.
You should avoid contact between the spout and your lips, or between the spout and the cup/container being filled.
What is the current advice for returning to school?
The National Parent Forum of Scotland has issued information on returning to school.
What is the current advice for arranging and attending funerals?
The Scottish Government has issued guidance on funerals which outlines the current restrictions.
Learn more about what to do after a death during the coronavirus pandemic


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Paperback - 336 Pages
Published - 2002
By Steven Scott Pither
Experience the power and deep meaning inherent in the spiritual science of numbers.
This breakthrough book will show you that numerology consists of more than just nine numbers.
It involves our entire mathematical system - from arithmetic to modern physics - and is rich in psychological insight.
Combining the mystery of the occult with the objectivity of science,
this book expands numerology far beyond any current concept of it.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thank you for supporting Mission EDIFY:
Click HERE to make a tax-deductible donation to Mission EDIFY (formerly Redroad Outreach) using your credit card, debit card, or bank draft.
The Hope Center
2001 W. Plano Parkway
Suite 3422
Plano, TX 75075
Please make your gift payable to WNPA and include
Mission EDIFY in the memo line.
"Many times they afflicted me from my youth, yet they have not prevailed against me" (Ps 129:2).
An Important Aspect to Healing from the Inside Out
I firmly believe that God uses the people who frustrate or perhaps even infuriate us, to reveal more of what needs to change inside our own hearts. For years, I was a woman with a "short fuse." When life didn't go my way, I didn't know how to live. So I threw fits. Which is why God put Suzanne in my life.
"Wendy, if you squeeze a lemon, what comes out of the lemon?"
"Lemon juice, Suzanne. Why are you asking me this? It's a silly question."
"Because I want you to understand that life will always squeeze you with irritating people and unfavorable circumstances that you cannot control. Your reactions, in other words, what comes out of you when you are squeezed, belong to you. No one makes you behave a certain way. You, and only you, are responsible for your temper. Fortunately, you were not created to have a bad temper inside of you the way lemons were created to store lemon juice. Are you willing to believe that God will bring about change if you cooperate with Him?"
"Yes, Suzanne."
How do you react when life "squeezes" you? Do you lose your temper? Slip into depression and climb into bed? Abuse alcohol? Take drugs? Shop? Starve yourself? Gossip?
I encourage you today to ask God to hold a mirror in front of you and then grace you with eyes to see. Confess what you see, ask Him to forgive you, and then continue asking Him each day to teach you His ways. And be patient with yourself. One day at a time, sweet friend, one day at a time.
What does this have to do with healing? Just do it, and you'll discover the answer for yourself. Bless you, today!
Published on Tuesday, March 8, 2011 @ 9:26 AM CDT


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Capsule raffia shoes
These shoes have been designed by Capsule in Spain inspired in the origen model, the traditional raffia shoe, and made in Morocco using raffia sourced from Madagascar. A team of highly skilled female artisans inside a cooperative perfectly sculpt each pair using a combination of intricate weaves.
A single pair can take up to two days to construct, making each pair of shoes special and sought after by also adding a non-slip sole, silicone pad for comfort and a one centimeter heel.
These beautiful shoes are extremely friendly to the environment and they give a very high quality of comfort to the foot, creating an easy to wear contemporary style.
Key Features:
- Material used: raffia, recycled natural materials and cow leather
- Sizes available: 37, 38, 39
- This shoe is true to size, if in-between sizes, customers should size down.
- Colours available: natural
- Flat sole; suitable for all foot shapes
- Ethically handmade by skilled artisans in Morocco
- Small production runs to limit deadstock and waste
- All hang-tags and boxes are made from recycled paper and are 100% recyclable


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I think we could all safely say that we don't want to share our living space with any insects, arachnoids or any other type of pest. They tend to show up at the most inopportune moment, such as a fly coming around to bug you while you are eating or a spider appearing out of nowhere when you are taking a shower. Even if you don't really mind having bugs around, they aren't going to be your first choice for roommates. That isn't to mention those of us who tend to shriek when we see them.
If you have had enough of these little bugs in your life, you probably do your best to remove them. Some people tend to do so with extreme prejudice but there are many people who want to relocate them safely to another area rather than just squashing them under a shoe. If you tend to fall into the category of someone who wants to spare their life but not have them around then we have just the tool for you. It is a contraption that you are going to want in your life right now.
The tool is an insect and spider catcher and it is going to be a game-changer if you have a fear of spiders.
This tool sports a 26″ handle, so you don't have to get close to the bug. In addition, the soft bristles ensure the bugs are not harmed.
The tool is easy to use and it even is enviro-friendly in many ways.
Just squeeze the handle and the bristles will open. Hold them over the insect and release the handle.
The Insect is now trapped inside of the soft bristles and can be transported to a new area.
When you have relocated the insect or spider, just squeeze the handle and they can get away free.
Say goodbye to napkins, paper towels and fly swatters. It's time to say hello to your new friend, the insect catcher.
Buy is on Amazon now for $20
Source: Diply


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Real Madrid closed the gap between them, league leaders, Barcelona, and Atletico Madrid by defeating Deportivo Alaves 3-0 at the Santiago Bernabeu stadium.
Karim Benzema continued his recently found form in front of goal when he opened scoring for Los Blancos, recording his sixth goal in his last four games for the Spanish giants.
The match looked evenly contested from then onwards till the end of the first half, but Real Madrid looked like the side more likely to get a reassuring goal.
The second half saw Alaves pressing the Santiago Solari side for an equalizer, but had a determined Real Madrid defence, and Courtois to contend with.
Karim Benzema got subbed off with 15 minutes of regular time to play with a standing ovation from the impressed Bernabeu fans (obviously they were happy to see their top striking back in top form — recording his 10th league goal of the season, unlike the previous season, where he could only manage 5 goals). He was subbed on for Mariano who has had little impact for Madrid this season.
The game lingered on until second half substitute, Marco Asensio, found Vinicius Jnr free, with a good pass, and the dazzling starlet made no mistake in finding the back of the net for Real's second.
Los Blancos rounded off a good performance when Odriozola sent an inch perfect cross to Mariano, who said "thank you" by converting with an audacious flying header which went past a helpless Pacheco in goal. Three goals to the good, and a pleasant way to sign off the weekend for Madrid faithfuls.
The win meant that Solari's side had reduced Barcelona's deficit to eight points after Barça could only manage a draw against Valencia . They also went two points off City rivals, Atletico Madrid, who lost earlier on Sunday afternoon, to Real Betis, thanks to a penalty goal by Sergio Canales.
With just a match left to be played today (Monday), here's Top 10 of the current Spanish Laliga table:


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Johannesburg - From Twitter wars to physical altercations and an alleged cheating scandal, AKA has had one bumpy year.
The Baddest rapper found himself making headlines on countless occasions for all the wrong reasons this year. At the top of that list is the ongoing public feud between AKA and Cassper, which took a turn for the worse this year after damning diss tracks were released by both teams.
In August this year, Cassper shocked fans when he took to social media alleging that AKA had walked up to him in a nightclub, and slapped him. At the time, AKA denied the claims but later admitted to it on Twitter after being accused of being involved in another altercation at a club.
Another incident of violence that got attention was a viral video of AKA kicking a fan off stage at the Durban July after-party. He defended his actions, saying the security team was sleeping. AKA also got into a Twitter war with DJ Black Coffee, publicly slamming him for getting involved in the hip-hop industry. This saw the likes of Euphonik and other high-profile dj's weighing in on the situation.
Then AKA came under public scrutiny yet again when his baby mama, DJ Zinhle implicated him in an alleged cheating scandal with Bonang Matheba. During a tell-all interview with MTV Base Africa earlier this year, opening up about some of the headlines surrounding him, AKA again denied the speculation. "I don't want to call it mistakes, I feel like I have made choices that have put me before her, before my child and before my family," he said.
Despite making headline, coming under fire on social media for his opinions and being scutinised for the choices he's made, AKA has still raked in numerous awards this year.
The rapper also takes his role as a dad seriously, and continues to produce chart-topping songs. AKA recently revealed that he's decided to focus on what's important in his life and discard the rest. And as the most played South African artist on local radio, AKA ignoring the hate just proves that he's got what it take to be the Supa Mega!


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Let's be honest: It was not the state of the union that anyone was curious about ascertaining from Donald J. Trump's address to Congress Tuesday night.
The interior state of the president, on the other hand, has been a yearlong topic of interest, revived recently by the dishing in Michael Wolff's "Fire and Fury" and by Mr. Trump's reported vulgar insults toward Africa and Haiti during a meeting on immigration. The White House treated the speech as a chance to reset the agenda, not just about his policy, but about Mr. Trump's personality.
So for his first State of the Union address, someone switched the usual president with decaf.
Sounding reserved (and a bit hoarse), sticking (mostly) to his prepared text and punctuating his own speech with loud, staccato slaps of applause, Mr. Trump attempted the music, if not necessarily the lyrics, of comity.
Earlier in the day the Trump White House dropped hints about its tone. It would be "bright" and "optimistic." Mr. Trump, at lunch with TV anchors Tuesday, said things like "I want to see our country united," and did not refer to anyone with a mean nickname.
The speech began with some traditional elements that reliably bring across-the-aisle applause: tributes to American heroes — first responders in natural disasters and the mass shooting in Las Vegas — and to Rep. Steve Scalise ("the legend from Louisiana"), who survived a shooting at a congressional baseball practice.
He also opened with calls for unity — "We always will pull through together, always" — which contrasted with repeated network cutaways to congressional Democrats, seated and often glaring.
Reminders of disunity were never too far away. When Mr. Trump praised a guest, 12-year-old Preston Sharp, for arranging the planting of 40,000 flags at military graves, he added that it was a reminder of "why we proudly stand for the national anthem" — a none-too-subtle allusion to his divisive attacks on NFL players over protests during the national anthem.
This acoustic version of Mr. Trump did not come across warmer, except in moments of exchange with heroes and grieving parents in the audience. Mr. Trump was a TV performer for years, but he is not, like Ronald Reagan, an actor. He doesn't modulate his tone. He just keeps his chin stuck out and speaks slower, in a half-whisper, like someone trying to have an argument in a quiet restaurant.
Last year, when Mr. Trump addressed a joint session of Congress and stuck to his script, he was hailed by analysts as finally having become presidential. The next weekend he was on Twitter, accusing Barack Obama of having conspired to "tapp my phones" during the campaign.
A year later, we know that this president can only be counted on to pivot in the sense that a Tilt-a-Whirl can. Even the Fox News round-table noted that it did not come off as the bipartisan "olive branch" hinted at earlier in the day.
But if the State of the Union cannot be taken as a reliable guide as to who Mr. Trump is, it is a useful guide to how he wants to be seen. This speech sought to project the image of someone who can keep his cool to viewers who tune out day-to-day politics.
There are probably fewer of that group than usual, given how un-tune-out-able Mr. Trump's outbursts and the news cycle has made him. This administration is like "Scandal": The plot changes every commercial break. The hour before the speech, the cable networks largely skipped the usual previews to cover new reports on the Russia investigation.
Even the usual pageantry was affected by Trump-drama subplots. The arrival of the first lady, Melania Trump, was noted by commentators who pointed out that she arrived separately, and that her white suit resembled those worn by Democratic women at last year's speech — the subtext, seemingly, being recent reports of strife in the couple's marriage.
The counterprogramming, too, was busy, reflecting the throng of Democrats jockeying to be the counter-voice to Trump. There was the official party response — Representative Joseph P. Kennedy III of Massachusetts at a Fall River, Mass., vocational school, a car competing with the congressional backdrop — but the planned responders also included Representative Maxine Waters (on BET) and Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont (on social media).
There will be other rebuttals and contradictions. Some of those may eventually be issued by the president's less low-key self, tweeting as he watches "Fox & Friends."
But this speech is who Mr. Trump is on paper — or on the prompter screen — until his next episode.


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Are you looking for a dental practice in Waco, TX that offers affordable dental care, accepts various payment options and works with a variety of insurance providers? Well, look no further. Hillcrest Dental Care has you covered! At Hillcrest Dental Care we are dedicated to providing our community with affordable, compassionate and effective dental care. We work with most major PPO dental insurance providers, accept third-party financing options, such as CareCredit and Lending Club and even accept numerous payment options to better accommodate our patients. Our accepted payment options include cash, personal check and even most major credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, American Express). Interested in scheduling an appointment with Hillcrest Dental Care or have additional questions regarding insurance, payment or financing? Feel free to contact us. We'd be happy to answer any questions you may have and get you on our schedule for an appointment.
At Hillcrest Dental Care we work with almost all PPO insurance providers. However, we prefer for our patients to contact us prior to any appointments or treatments to verify benefits and insurance coverage. Payment is due at the time of service, and we like to avoid any confusion or complications for our patients.
Along with working with a variety of insurance providers and accepting various forms of payment, at Hillcrest Dental Care, we are also happy to accept third-party financing options such as Lending Club and CareCredit. With third-party financing, our patients can receive the treatment they desperately need today and pay for it monthly following their care. Depending upon various factors, patients may even be able to receive 0% interest financing for up to 18 months.
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Interested in affordable dental care in Waco? Ready to schedule your appointment with Hillcrest Dental Care? Contact us today, we are always welcoming new patients into our practice and would be happy to get you added to our schedule for some routine dental care.


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Kew Layered Body
The Kew Layered Body is a luxuriously soft mesh bodysuit with a dramatic open back and layers of overlapping mesh to create contouring details and playful levels of opacity. Will you style it as underwear or outerwear?
- Soft mesh body in Navy Blue
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Care and Composition:
Elastic: 89% Polyamide, 11% Elastane. Mesh: 82% Polyamide, 18% Elastane. Delicate handwash separately.
Style Number: SS20BOD01NB
Model wears size S: Height 5'9/175cm, Lower hip 93cm, Waist 65cm, Bra size: UK 34B/32C
Gift Service
All orders come with free Standard Gift Wrap with the option of adding a personal message at checkout. Luxury Gift Wrap is available at an additional charge of £15.00 or free for orders exceeding £400.00.
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Elite Positions Camp
Event Description
Coach Ryan Wills Volleyball Camps
Elite Positions Camp | 2020
A comprehensive review for all skills, and competition aspects as it pertains specifically to your position: Pin hitter, Middle blocker, Setter, and Defensive Specialist.
July 19th
Grades: 9th - 12th Fall of 2020
Check-In: 9:00am - 9:30am
Time: 9:30am - 4:30pm
Cost: $115 per Camper
Reynolds Center, 800 S Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104
Camp Schedule
9:00am - 9:30am
9:30am - 12:00pm
Session 1
1:30pm - 4:30pm
Session 2
What to Bring
Socks, shoes, shorts, t-shirt, knee-pads, water bottle.
Important Details
- The check-in begins at 9:00am. You should be at the Reynolds Center no later than 9:30am. The afternoon session will conclude at 4:30 pm.
- If you are sick, please call the volleyball office before the sessions begins.
- If you are going to miss a session because of commitment, please let us know prior to camp starting.
- Camps conclude at 4:30pm.
- Parents and families are welcome to observe the camp at any time.
- Daily drop off and pick up will be at the entrance of the Reynolds Center.
- Lunch will be provided each day. Gatorade will also be available during all camp sessions. Campers can bring additional snacks and water if desired.
Lunch in provided each day, please advise us of any special concerns.
For More Information Contact
Ben Farmer | email@example.com
All camps are open to all entrants (limited only by number, age, grade level and/or gender).


text:
Ferroconcrete, or ferrocrete, was a composite building material made from the combination of concrete and iron that was molecularly bonded to produce a substance with exceptional resistance to wear and tear. The material was used primarily in the construction of roads and walkways, but also for reinforced bunkers and building foundations.
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Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, derision and/or prejudice of Russia, Russians and/or Russian culture.[1]
A wide variety of mass culture clichés about Russia and Russians exists. Many of these stereotypes were developed during the Cold War,[2][3] and were used as elements of political war against the Soviet Union. Some of these prejudices are still observed in the discussions of the relations with Russia.[4] Negative representation of Russia and Russians in modern popular culture is also often described as functional, as stereotypes about Russia may be used for framing reality, like creating an image of an enemy, or an excuse, or an explanation for compensatory reasons.[5][6][7][8] Decades after the end of the Cold War, Russians are still portrayed as "Hollywood's go-to villains".[9]
On 19 October 1797 the [12] With reference to Russia's new constitutional laws in 1811 the Savoyard philosopher Joseph de Maistre wrote the now famous statement: "Every nation gets the government it deserves" ("Toute nation a le gouvernement qu'elle mérite").[13][14]
In 1843 the Marquis de Custine published his hugely successful 1800-page, four volume travelogue La Russie en 1839. Custine's scathing narrative reran what were by now clichés which presented Russia as a place where "the veneer of European civilization was too thin to be credible". Such was its huge success that several official and pirated editions quickly followed, as well as condensed versions and translations in German, Dutch and English. By 1846 approximately 200 thousand copies had been sold.[15]
The influential British economist John Maynard Keynes wrote controversially on Russia, that the oppression in the country, rooted in the Red Revolution, perhaps was "the fruit of some beastliness in the Russian nature", also attributing "cruelty and stupidity" to tyranny in both the "Old Russia" (tsarist) and "New Russia" (Soviet).[16]
In the 1930s and 1940s, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party viewed the Soviet Union as populated by Slavs ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters.[17]
Hitler stated in Mein Kampf his belief that the Russian state was the work of German elements in the state and not of the Slavs:
Here Fate itself seems desirous of giving us a sign. By handing Russia to Bolshevism, it robbed the Russian nation of that intelligentsia which previously brought about and guaranteed its existence as a state. For the organization of a Russian state formation was not the result of the political abilities of the Slavs in Russia, but only a wonderful example of the state-forming efficacity of the German element in an inferior race.[18]
A secret Nazi plan, the Generalplan Ost called for the enslavement, expulsion or extermination of most Slavic peoples in Europe.
"Need, hunger, lack of comfort have been the Russians' lot for centuries. No false compassion, as their stomachs are perfectly extendible. Don't try to impose the German standards and to change their style of life. Their only wish is to be ruled by the Germans. [...] Help yourselves, and may God help you!"
— "12 precepts for the German officer in the East", 1941[19]
Modern anti-Russian sentiment peaked during the Cold War, driven by Western fears of the Soviet role in communism's mission to take over the "Free World".
Post-Soviet distrust of Russia and Russians is attributable to backlash against the historical memory of Russification pursued by Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union, and backlash against modern policies of the Russian government.[20]
Vlad Sobell[21] believes current "Russophobic sentiment" in the West reflects the West's failure to adapt and change its historical attitude towards Russia, even as Russia has (in his view) abandoned past ideology for pragmatism, successfully driving its economic revival. With the West victorious over totalitarianism, Russia serves to perpetuate the role of a needed adversary owing to its "unashamed continuity with the communist Soviet Union."[22]
In October 2004, the [25]
According to a 2014 survey by Pew Research Center, attitudes towards Russia in most countries worsened considerably during Russia's involvement in the 2014 crisis in Ukraine. From 2013 to 2014, the median negative attitudes in Europe rose from 54% to 75%, and from 43% to 72% in the United States. Negative attitudes also rose compared to 2013 throughout the Middle East, Latin America, Asia and Africa.[26]
Negative attitudes towards Russia and frequent criticism of the Russian government in western media should not be confused with negative attitudes towards Russian people and culture. In a 2012 survey, the percentage of Russian immigrants in the EU that indicated that they had experienced racially motivated hate crimes was 5%, which is less than the average of 10% reported by several groups of immigrants and ethnic minorities in the EU.[27] 17% of Russian immigrants in the EU said that they had been victims of crimes the last 12 months, for example theft, attacks, frightening threats or harassment, as compared to an average of 24% among several groups of immigrants and ethnic minorities.[28]
Anti-Russian sentiment in Armenia has historically been very low. According to a July 2007 poll, only 2% of Armenians see Russia as a threat, as opposed to 88% who view Russia as Armenia's partner.[31] According to Manvel Sargsyan, the Director of the Armenian Center of National and Strategic Research, "There are no special anti-Russian sentiments in Armenia."[32] Armenia's first president Levon Ter-Petrosyan stated in 2013 that anti-Russian sentiment "has never existed and still does not exist" in Armenia, except "some marginal elements and some individuals with anti-Russian sentiment."[33] During the dissolution of the Soviet Union and rise of nationalism in the Soviet republics and Eastern bloc countries, Armenian nationalists were among the few that did not "interpret Russia as their most significant threat."[34] Armenian Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian stated in 2001 that "Anti-Soviet sentiment did not mean anti-Russian in Armenia's case."[35]
On several occasions, however, anti-Russian sentiment has been expressed in Armenia, particularly in response to real or perceived anti-Armenian actions by Russia. In June 1903, Nicholas II issued a decree ordering the confiscation of all Armenian Church properties (including church-run schools) and its transfer to the Russian Interior Ministry. The decision was perceived by Armenians to be an effort of Russification and it met widespread popular resistance by the Russian Armenian population and led by the Dashnak and Hunchak parties. This included attacks on Russian authorities in attempts to prevent the confiscation. The decree being eventually canceled in 1905.[36] In more recent times, in July 1988, during the Karabakh movement, the killing of an Armenian man and the injury of tens of others by the Soviet army in a violent clash at Zvartnots Airport near Yerevan sparked anti-Russian and anti-Soviet sentiment in the Armenian public.[37]
The 2015 Gyumri massacre caused anti-Russian sentiment among some Armenians from Gyumri, while others say the nationality of the killer is irrelevant.[38]
Anti-Russian sentiment is prevalent among a substantial number of Azerbaijanis, especially due to the violent crackdown by the Soviet military of the anti-Armenian violence in Baku in January 1990, which resulted in more than one hundred civilian deaths.[39]
According to a 2012 poll, 35% of Georgians perceive Russia as Georgia's biggest enemy, while the percentage was significantly higher in 2011, at 51%.[40] In a February 2013 poll, 63% of Georgians said Russia is Georgia's biggest political and economic threat as opposed to 35% of those who looked at Russia as the most important partner for Georgia.[41]
According to veteran German author, journalist and Russia-correspondent Gabriele Krone-Schmalz, there is deep disapproval of everything Russian in Estonia,[42] this however has been challenged in a poll conducted by Gallup International[23] which suggests that 23% of Estonians see Russia in negative light while 34% have positive attitude towards Russia.[23] In a 2012 poll, 3% of the Russian minority in Estonia reported that they had experienced a racially motivated hate crime (as compared to an avarerage of 10% among immigrants in EU).[27]
According to Estonian philosopher Jaan Kaplinski, the birth of anti-Russian sentiment in Estonia dates back to 1940, as there was little or none during the czarist and first independence period, when anti-German sentiment predominated. Kaplinski states the imposition of Soviet rule in 1940 and subsequent actions by Soviet authorities led to the replacement of anti-German sentiment with anti-Russian sentiment within just one year, and characterized it as "one of the greatest achievements of the Soviet authorities".[43] Kaplinski supposes that anti-Russian sentiment could disappear as quickly as anti-German sentiment did in 1940, however he believes the prevailing sentiment in Estonia is sustained by Estonia's politicians who employ "the use of anti-Russian sentiments in political combat," together with the "tendentious attitude of the [Estonian] media."[44] Kaplinski says that a "rigid East-West attitude is to be found to some degree in Estonia when it comes to Russia, in the form that everything good comes from the West and everything bad from the East";[44] this attitude, in Kaplinski's view, "probably does not date back further than 1940 and presumably originates from Nazi propaganda."[44]
The Estonian businessman and politician Tiit Vähi, who briefly served as Estonia's prime minister in 1992 and once more in 1995-1997, described "overall anti-Russian sentiment" as a feature of the populist current in the country's politics, raising it as one among a number of issues with the ruling coalition of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip.[45]
European discrimination watchgroups express worries about the usage of a highly derogatory Estonian term for Russians, tibla, in mainstream media.[46][47]
According to Andrei Tsygankov (a Russian himself), ethnic Russians in Latvia are subjected to ethnic discrimination.[48] In a 2012 poll, 2% of the Russian minority in Latvia reported that they had experienced a racially motivated hate crime (as compared to an avarerage of 10% among immigrants and minorities in EU).[27]
Latvian American doctor and former member of the Civic Union, Aivars Slucis wrote op-eds in the New York Times and Washington Post in which he explains to the Americans that Russians have invading other nations in their genes, and they can only understand the language of force. Slucis wrote that he would personally never treat a Russian patient with soviet symbols tattooed on his body who came into his office.[49] In November 2010, Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis, the Latvian Foreign Affairs Minister, became embroiled in a scandal with Slucis after email correspondence between the two from 2009 was released by journalist Lato Lapsa. In one of the letters, Slucis stated that he would not be able to treat Russians with the same level of care that we would Latvians, and also stated that in the event of a shortage of medical supplies he would deny Russians the right to access to those supplies. In reply, Kristovskis stated that he approved of "both his assessment and vision of the situation".[50][51] According to Lapsa, Kristovskis was also in agreeance with Slucis advocating for freezing and reviewing all citizenships granted after 1991 with the thought of rescinding a majority.[52]
In a report by the Jamestown Foundation, dealing with the topic of the (extremely positive according to the report) reception of American Republican senator John McCain's statements about Russia's "double standards in the Caucasus" (referring to how Russia recognized South Ossetia but would not let Chechnya go), one Chechen was quoted to have gone so far as to tell the website that Chechnya "cannot exist within the borders of Russia because every 50 years... Russia kills us Chechens".,[53] demonstrating local fear of the Russian government.
Journalist Fatima Tlisova released an article in 2009 discussing the frequent occurrences of Russian Orthodox crosses being sawed off buildings and thrown off mountains in Circassia, due to the cross being associated with the people who initiated the mass expulsions of Circassians.[54]
In a poll held by Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in May 2009 in Ukraine, 96% of respondents were positive about Russians as an ethnic group, 93% respected the Russian Federation and 76% respected the Russian establishment. In a poll held by Levada Center in Russia in June 2009, 75% of respondents respected Ukrainians as an ethnic group, but 55% were negative about Ukraine as the state.[57]
According to the statistics released on October 21, 2010 by the Institute of Sociology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, positive attitudes towards Russians have been decreasing since 1994. In response to a question gauging tolerance of Russians, 15% of Western Ukrainians responded positively. In Central Ukraine, 30% responded positively (from 60% in 1994); 60% responded positively in Southern Ukraine (from 70% in 1994); and 64% responded positively in Eastern Ukraine (from 75% in 1994). Furthermore, 6-7% of Western Ukrainians would banish Russians entirely from Ukraine, and 7-8% in Central Ukraine responded similarly. This level of sentiment was not found in Southern or Eastern Ukraine.[58]
The right-wing political party "Svoboda",[55][56][59] has invoked radical Russophobic rhetoric[60] (see poster) and has electoral support enough to garner majority support in local councils,[61] as seen in the Ternopil regional council in Western Ukraine.[62] Analysts explained Svoboda's victory in Eastern Galicia during the 2010 Ukrainian local elections as a result of the policies of the Azarov Government who were seen as too pro-Russian by the voters of "Svoboda".[63][64]
Oleh Tyahnybok, the leader of the far-right Svoboda party, whose members hold senior positions in Ukraine's government, urged his party to fight "the Moscow-Jewish mafia" ruling Ukraine.[65] Right Sector's leader for West Ukraine, Oleksandr Muzychko, has talked about fighting "communists, Jews and Russians for as long as blood flows in my veins."[66] Ukrainian–Israeli oligarch and governor of Dnipropetrovsk Ihor Kolomoisky issued a $10,000 bounty for the apprehension of Russian 'saboteurs'.[67] At least one billboard exists with the following text: "$10,000 for a Moskal" (derogatory name for Russians).[68]
Igor Shafarevich associates anti-Russian sentiment with the historiography inspired by Jewish nationalism,[69] he writes that Russophobes were the enemies of Russian nationalism and specifically characterised the Jews as the special embodiment of anti-Russian antipathy.[70] Russian nationalists accuse the oligarchs of being Russophobes who hate Russia. Most believe that the anti-Russian sentiment of the oligarchs is connected to the fact that so many of them are not Russians but Jews, who they claim despise Russians as an inferior ethnic group. Oligarchs such as Boris Berezovsky (who is a convert to Orthodox Christianity) are seen as archetypical Jews. Viktor Ilyukhin, a Duma deputy for the Communist Party, claimed the problems of the Yeltsin era was due to Yeltsin's inner circle consisting "exclusively of one group, the Jews".[71] Thus "Russophobe" has become a codeword for Jew popularized in Russia.[72]
According to a 2013 BBC World Service poll, 19% of Poles view Russia's influence positively, with 49% expressing a negative view.[73]
Mutual animosity between Poland and Russia have a long history, dating to the late Middle Ages, when the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Muscovy struggled over control of their borderlands. Over centuries, there have been several Polish-Russian wars, with Poland once occupying Moscow and later Russians controlling much of Poland in the 19th century as well as in the 20th century.
Much of the modern anti-Russian feelings in Poland is caused by grievances of the past.[74] The most contentious issue is the massacre of 22,000 Polish officers, priests and intellectuals in Katyn Forest in 1940, and deportation of around 250,000 mostly polish civilians and others including soldiers to Siberia and Kazakhstan where many, around 100,000 died, even though the Russian government has officially acknowledged and apologized for the atrocity.[75]
The New York Times reported after the Polish daily Gazeta Wyborcza that "relations between Poland and Russia are as bad as ever".[76]
Jakub Boratyński, the director of international programs at the independent Polish think tank Stefan Batory Foundation, said that anti-Russian feelings have substantially decreased since Poland joined the EU and NATO, and that Poles feel more secure than before, but he also admitted that many people in Poland still look suspiciously at Russian foreign-policy moves and are afraid Russia is seeking to "recreate an empire in a different form." [74]
Anti-Russian sentiment dates back to the conflict between the Russian and Ottoman empires in the early 19th century and the ceding of part of the Moldavian principality to Russia by the Ottoman Empire in 1812 after its de facto annexation, and to the annexations during World War II and after by the Soviet Union of Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia and the policies of ethnic cleansing, Russification and deportations that have taken place in those territories against ethnic Romanians. Following WWII, Romania, an ally of Nazi Germany, was occupied by Soviet forces. Soviet dominance over the Romanian economy was manifested through the so-called Sovroms, exacting a tremendous economic toll ostensibly as war-time reparations. Overall, there is a negative perception of everything Russian, including language, culture and people, and individuals who take an interest in these matters are seen as pro-Communists or Russophiles.[77][78][79][80][81]
According to the World Public Opinion poll undertaken in 2013, 53% of Australians had a negative view of Russia, up 15% from 2012.[82] Following the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, allegedly by Russian-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine, which claimed the lives of at least 27 Australians, the Australian government and the Opposition became decidedly anti-Russian, with Prime Minister Tony Abbott considering barring Russian President Vladimir Putin from attending the 2014 G-20 Brisbane summit.[83][84]
In Finland, anti-Russian sentiment has been studied since the 1970s. The history of anti-Russian sentiment has two main theories. One of them considers the Finns and the Russians have been the arch-enemy throughout history. The position is considered to have been dominated at least the 1700s since the days of the Greater Wrath, when the Russians "occupied Finland and raped it." This view largely assumes that through the centuries, "Russia is a violent slayer and Finland is an innocent, virginal victim".[85] In 1920s and 1930s this anti-Russian and anti-Communism propaganda had a fertile ground.[86] Failed Russian actions to terminate Finnish autonomy and cultural uniqueness (1899–1905 and 1908–1917) contributed greatly to both the anti-Russian feelings in Finland. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact which granted Finland to Soviet Union, followed the attack of the Soviet Union against Finland during the Winter War and Soviet annexation of large parts of Finland. This caused lots of casualties among Finnish population and 11% of the total population having to leave their homes in the caused a lot of bitterness, and has endured as the Karelian question in Finnish politics.
Other theory considers that anti-Russian sentiment was born in Finland at the time of internment camps to the occupied East Karelia where ethnic segregation between 'relatives' (Finnic population) and 'non-relatives' (other, primarily Russian population) took place which has been attributed to anti-Russian sentiment.
According to polls in 2004, 62% of Finnish citizens had a negative view of Russia.[23] The main reasons were historically rooted antipathy. Deportation of Ingrian Finns, autochthones of St. Petersburg, Ingria and other Soviet repressions against its Finnish minorities have contributed to negative views of Russia. In a 2012 poll, 12% of Russian immigrants in Finland reported that they had experienced a racially motivated hate crime (as compared to an avarerage of 10% of immigrants in EU).[27]
The Swedish words russofob (Russophobe) and russofobi (Russophobia) were first recorded in 1877 and 1904 respectively and its more frequent synonym rysskräck (fear of Russia or Russians) in 1907. Older synonyms were rysshat (hatred of Russia or Russians) from 1846 and ryssantipati (antipathy against Russia or Russians) from 1882.[88]
The Russian state is said to have been organized in the 9th century AD at Novgorod Republic (which later became Russia), soon to be broken by another catholic Swedish crusade into Greek-orthodox Novgorod. Russia has been described as Sweden's "archenemy" (a title also given to Denmark). The two countries have often been at war, most intensively during the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and the Finnish War (1808–1809), when Sweden lost that third of its territory to Russia that now is Finland. Sweden defeated a Russian army in the Battle of Narva (1700), but was defeated by Russia in the Battle of Poltava 1709. In 1719 Russian troops burnt most Swedish cities and industrial communities along the Baltic sea coast to the ground (from Norrköping up to Piteå in the north) in what came to be called "Rysshärjningarna" (the Russian ravages, a term first recorded in 1730[88]). "The Russians are coming" (ryssen kommer) is a traditional Swedish warning call.[89] After the death of king Charles XII in 1718 and the peace in 1721, Swedish politics was dominated by a peace-minded parliament, with a more aggressive opposition (Hats and Caps). When Swedish officer Malcolm Sinclair was murdered in 1739 by two Russian officers, the anti-Russian ballad Sinclairsvisan by Anders Odel became very popular.[90][91]
After 1809, there have been no more wars between Russia and Sweden, partly due to Swedish neutrality and nonalignment foreign policy since then. Peaceful relationships and the Russian capital being Saint Petersburg, many Swedish companies ran large businesses in Imperial Russia, including Branobel and Ericsson. Many poets still grieved the loss of Finland and called for a military revenge,[92][93] ideas that were refueled by the Crimean War in the 1850s.[94] With the increasing cultural exchange between neighboring countries (Scandinavism) and the nationalist revival in Finland (through Johan Ludvig Runeberg and Elias Lönnrot), contempt with the attempts of Russification of Finland spread to Sweden. Before World War I, travelling Russian saw filers were suspected of espionage by Swedish proponents of increased military spending. After the Russian Revolution in the spring of 1917 and the abdication of the Tsar, great hope was vested in the new provisional government, only to be replaced with despair after the so-called October Revolution. Old anti-Russian sentiment was replaced by new anti-communism, to last for the duration of the Soviet Union. Many Swedes voluntarily joined the Finnish side in the Winter War between Finland and Soviet Union 1939–1940. When the Soviet union was finally dissolved in 1991, anti-communism became obsolete and nobody seemed to remember its predecessor. The old cry ryssen kommer was also obsolete.
Thus, in statements made by Swedish politicians, the Swedish sentiments against the Russian government have always been about fear of military invasion, which now (before the [25]
In June 2014, political scientist Sergey Markov complained about Russophobia in Sweden and Finland, comparing it to antisemitism. "Would you want to be part of starting a Third World War? Antisemitism started the Second World War, Russophobia could start a third.", he commented.[95] The retired Swedish history professor and often cited expert on Russia Kristian Gerner said he was "almost shocked" by Markov's claim, and described his worldview as "nearly paranoid".[96][97]
Anti-Russian sentiment was common in France after the French defeat by the Russians in the 1812 War.[98]
The history of Anti-Russian sentiment in New Zealand was analyzed in Glynn Barratt's book Russophobia in New Zealand, 1838-1908.[99] This research was expanded to cover the period up to 1939 in an article by Tony Wilson.[100] According to Wilson, Russophobia towards the Soviet propaganda.[100]
In Great Britain, anti-Russian sentiment arose during conflicts including the Crimean War[101] and the Anglo-Afghan wars, which were seen as representing Russia's territorial ambitions regarding the British empire in India. This competition for spheres of influence and colonies (see e.g. The Great Game and Berlin Congress) fueled anti-Russian sentiment in Great Britain. British propaganda of the time took up the theme of Russians as uncultured Asiatic barbarians.[102] The American professor Jimmie E. Cain Jr has claimed that these views were then exported to other parts of the world and were reflected in the literature of late the 19th and early 20th centuries,[101] though this is to miss the fact that these views had been formulated much earlier and already widely published by various French sources since 1812.
The Chinese Qing dynasty General Zuo Zongtang called for war against Russia during the Ili crisis, saying: "We shall first confront them [the Russians] with arguments...and then settle it on the battlefields."[103][104][105][106]
An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Turki Muslim (Uyghur) prostitutes to a party in January of 1902 in Kashgar, this caused a massive brawl by the inflamed local Turki Muslim populace against the Russians on the pretense of protecting Muslim women because there was anti-Russian sentiment being built up, even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local Turki Muslims violently clashed with the Russians before they were dispersed, the Chinese sought to end to tensions to prevent the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.[107][108][107]
After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision, the locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side, they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol, the Sarikolis did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.[109][110]
In 1930s, a
In their view, the United States want to break up Russia and turn it into a source of raw materials. The West being accused of Russophobia is a major part of their belief.[140]
This national-patriotic view holds that for centuries the West has wanted to force Russia to her knees and plunder her natural resources, thus has worked to undermine Russia's self-sacrificing messianic mission to enlighten and save mankind, with the collapse of the Soviet Union as evidence. This is reinforced by the actual historic experience of the Soviet and Russian people during the two world wars, especially as a result of the Nazi Germany occupation of the Soviet Union in 1941 - 1944.
The presence of anti-Russian sentiment has become an indispensable part of contemporary Russian nationalist ideology.[139] Sociologist Anatoly Khazanov states that there's a national-patriotic movement which believes that there's a clash of civilizations, a global struggle between the idealist, collectivist, morally and spiritually superior Eurasia led by Russia, and the corrupt, materialistic, decadent, morally and spiritually polluted West led by the United States.
California-based international relations scholar Andrei Tsygankov has remarked that anti-Russian political rhetoric coming from Washington circles has received wide echo in American mainstream media, asserting that "Russophobia's revival is indicative of the fear shared by some U.S. and European politicians that their grand plans to control the world's most precious resources and geostrategic sites may not succeed if Russia's economic and political recovery continues."[138]
In February 2007, the Russian creativity agency E-generator put together a "rating of Russophobia" of Western media, using for the research articles concerning a single theme — Russia's chairmanship of G8, translated into Russian by InoSmi.Ru. The score was composed for each edition, negative values granted for negative assessments of Russia, and positive values representing positive ones. The top in the rating were Newsday (-43, U.S.), The Financial Times (-34, Great Britain), The Wall Street Journal (-34, U.S.), Le Monde (-30, France), while editions on the opposite side of the rating were Toronto Star (+27, Canada) and The Conservative Voice (+26, U.S.) [136][137]
In 1995, years before Vladimir Putin was elected to his first term, the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press reported: "coverage of Russia and its president, Boris Yeltsin, was decidedly negative, even though national polls continue to find the public feeling positive toward Russia and largely uncritical of Yeltsin." [135]
Some Russian and Western commentators express concern about a far too negative coverage of Russia in Western media (some Russians even describe this as a "war of information").[131][132][133] In April 2007, David Johnson, founder of the Johnson's Russia List, said in interview to the Moscow News: "I am sympathetic to the view that these days Putin and Russia are perhaps getting too dark a portrayal in most Western media. Or at least that critical views need to be supplemented with other kinds of information and analysis. An openness to different views is still warranted." [134]
In May and June 2006, Russian media cited discrimination against Russian companies as one possible reason why the contemplated merger between the Luxembourg-based steelmaker Arcelor and Russia's Severstal did not finalize. According to the Russian daily Izvestiya, those opposing the merger "exploited the 'Russian threat' myth during negotiations with shareholders and, apparently, found common ground with the Europeans",[128] while Boris Gryzlov, speaker of the State Duma observed that "recent events show that someone does not want to allow us to enter their markets."[129] On 27 July 2006, the New York Times quoted the analysts as saying that many Western investors still think that anything to do with Russia is "a little bit doubtful and dubious" while others look at Russia in "comic book terms, as mysterious and mafia-run."[130]
In a 2014 news story, Fox News reported, "Russians may also be unimpressed with Hollywood's apparent negative stereotyping of Russians in movies. "The Avengers" featured a ruthless former KGB agent, "Iron Man 2" centers on a rogue Russian scientist with a vendetta, and action thriller "Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit" saw Kenneth Branagh play an archetypal Russian bad guy, just to name a few."[127]
Recent events such as Anti-Magnitsky bill,[124] the Boston Marathon bombings[125] and Russia's actions following the Ukrainian crisis[26] are deemed to have caused negative impression about Russia in the United States.[126]
According to a 2013 Poll, 59% of Americans had a negative view of Russia, 23% had a favorable opinion, and 18% were uncertain.[82] According to a survey by Pew Research Center, negative attitudes towards Russia in the United States rose from 43% to 72% from 2013 to 2014.[26]
In the 20th century, anti-Russian sentiment in Turkey was so great that the Russians refused to allow a Turkish military attache to accompany their armies.[123]
Natasha, a common Russian name, is often used in Turkey to refer to any foreign prostitute, especially those from Slavic countries.[122]
According to a 2013 survey 73% of Turks look at Russia unfavorably against 16% with favorable views.[121]
Most Japanese interaction with Russian individuals – besides in major cities such as Tokyo – happens with seamen and fishermen of the Russian fishing fleet, therefore Japanese people tend to carry the stereotypes associated with sailors over to Russians.[118][119] According to a 2012 Pew Global Attitudes Project survey, 72% of Japanese people view Russia unfavorably, compared with 22% who viewed it favorably, making Japan the most anti-Russian country surveyed.[120]
Due to Russia's support of the Iranian government, many protesters started chants of "Death to Russia" after the 2009 Presidential election.[117]
During the 1980s Soviet war in Afghanistan, Afghan mujahideen were armed and trained by China, as opposition towards Russia.[116]
In 1951, Chinese Muslim General Bai Chongxi made a speech to the entire Muslim world calling for a war against Russia, and Bai also called upon Muslims to avoid the Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, accusing him of being blind to Soviet imperialism.[114][115]
Uyghur riots against white Russians in Xinjiang during the Ili Rebellion occurred, with Uyghurs calling for White Russians to be expelled along with Han Chinese. White Russians fled out of fear.[113]
[112] fought the Russians again, and killed many Russians in combat, leaving many graves at a memorial to war dead with Russian Orthodox crosses.Ma Hushan. His brother 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army). He was chief of the Tungan Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang Ma Zhongying, a general in the Chinese army, then did battle against the Russians during the [111]
Ukraine, India, China, Turkey, United Kingdom
Kiev, Russia, Sevastopol, Ukrainian language, Ukrainians
Eastern Bloc, Soviet Union, Vietnam War, Berlin Wall, United States
World War II, Russia, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian language, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Cultural assimilation, Multiculturalism, United Nations, Genocide, Religious persecution
Antisemitism, Anti-German sentiment, Anti-Hinduism, Anti-Japanese sentiment, Anti-Russian sentiment
2014 Winter Olympics, Fifa, Discrimination, Google, Pornography
Antisemitism, Richard Wagner, Discrimination, United Kingdom, Religious persecution
Finnish language, Anti-Russian sentiment, Akateeminen Karjala-Seura, Blood oath (ritual), Russophobia
World War II, Wehrmacht, Central Asia, German language, Anti-Russian sentiment


text:
A three-judge panel today spanked Oregon lawmakers, calling the logic they used last year to reduce prison sentences for repeat property-crime offenders "counter-intuitive at best and duplicitous at worst."
The three Clackamas County Circuit Court judges rolled back a law passed last year in the Oregon Legislature, saying it failed to meet the threshold of support mandated by voters nearly a decade before.
The effect of the ruling—if it's not appealed—would be longer sentences for some convicted criminals and a budget hole of $10 million for the two-year cycle.
The three Clackamas County Circuit Court judges laid out a clear description of what happened.
In 2009, voters approved Measure 57, which increased prison sentences for certain property crimes, such as burglary and identity theft.
Legislators then delayed the implementation of Measure 57 from 2010 to 2012 because the state could not afford the cost of imprisoning more people for longer periods during the Great Recession.
Measure 57 did go into effect. But then in 2017, a simple majority of lawmakers passed House Bill 3078, which reduced the penalties for certain property crimes—in effect rolling back some of the provisions of Measure 57.
Last year, three Clackamas County residents, Mary Elledge, Deborah Mapes-Stice and John Foote (who is the Clackamas County District Attorney but was acting in a private capacity) filed a lawsuit arguing that House Bill 3078 was unconstitutional.
The reason: In 1994, voters approved Measure 10, which said lawmakers could not reduce voter-approved sentences unless two-thirds of the members of each chamber voted to do so.
House Bill 3078 did not meet that standard: It got 33 votes in the House (it needed 40) and 18 in the Senate (it needed 20). Nonetheless, Gov. Kate Brown signed it into law on Aug. 8, 2017.
Judges Susie Norby, Michael Wetzel and Thomas Rastetter ruled today that the bill should never have become law.
"We unanimously conclude that a 2/3rds majority vote of the Legislature was required to enact the sentence reduction provisions of HB 3078," the judges wrote in their opinion. "The sentence reduction provisions of HB 3078 are unconstitutional and [Measure] 57 sentences remain in effect."