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City Art Fest in Nitra connects diverse expressions of contemporary visual art with typical forms of art in urbanspaces as street art and graffiti...
Venue: public spaces of the city Nitra, Slovakia
Organizers: Nitra Gallery, The city of Nitra – City Cultural Center, Antena
Participating artists: Aktivnagruppa, Animo, Arial, Coxie (PL), Eja Devečková, Christian Eisenberger (AT), David Fišer (CZ), Richard Fajnor,Michaela Ivaníková, Mário Kastelovič, Martin Keniž, Mira Keratová, Dušan Krnáč, Magdaléna Kuchtová, Maroš, Masker(CZ), Lukáš Matejka, Monolog, Kristián Németh, ŇeTvor, Nomad, nomadSPACE, Igor Ondruš, Panika 71, Pasta (CZ),Point 3, Quoi, Matej Rosmány, Veronika Šramatyová, Wektor, Zbiok (PL)
City Art Fest in Nitra connects diverse expressions of contemporary visual art with typical forms of art in urbanspaces as street art and graffiti, and tries to bring them closer to people in their everyday environment in whichthey move and live.
Individual parts of City Art Fest run parallel throughout the whole city; in its streets, parks, squares and housing estates. Visitors move like tourists with a map (informational bulletin) in hand "sightseeing" (in this case looking for different activities of the festival). Participating artists are inspired by the characteristics of Nitra; they react to specific situations and areas in the city.
First year of City Art Fest will introduce over 30 artists from Slovakia and Central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland, and Austria). The visitors will see and experience graffiti, street art, public art, performances, happenings, statues, installations, but also accompanying events such as workshop for pupils, presentation, film screening and a concert.
Accompanying events for the public
Friday 2.10., 5 p.m. – 7 p.m., Nitra Gallery, Župné Square 3
Presentation/discussion – Mira Keratová: "Public space. Collectivization or privatization?"
Friday 2.10., 8 p.m. – 10 p.m., Svätopluk Square, podium
Screening of animation films (in cooperation with Fest Anča)
Saturday 3.10., Svätopluk Square, podium
Concert of the bands Kotúče DM, Kvety nikotínu, Nové mapy
Free admission to all events!
more informaton: www.cityartfest.sk


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Microsoft releases Windows 8.1 Update 1 to manufacturing
Summary: Microsoft's Windows 8.1 Update 1 is done and heading towards general availability in April, according to various sources.
By Mary Jo Foley for All About Microsoft | March 4, 2014 -- 18:18 GMT
Microsoft has released Windows 8.1 Update 1 to manufacturing, according to my sources, as well as the known Windows leaker WZor. Windows 8.1 Update 1 -- which Microsoft also has referred to internally as "Windows 8.1 Spring Update" and "Windows 8.1 Update" -- is designed to make Windows 8.1 more palatable and familiar to users who prefer to use mice as much, if not more, than touch. Word of Windows 8.1 Update 1's existence and feature set began leaking months ago. Pre-RTM builds of the update have been leaking for weeks. (The RTM build has not yet leaked to the Web as of March 4.) During Mobile World Congress, Microsoft execs officially provided some information on the coming release for the first time publicly.

subset: commoncrawl


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Quarter of land drier even if we limit global warming to 2 deg C
PARIS More than a quarter of Earth's land surface will become "significantly" drier even if humanity manages to limit global warming to 2 deg C, the goal espoused in the Paris Agreement, scientists said yesterday.
But if we contain average warming to 1.5 deg C, this will be limited to about a tenth - sparing two-thirds of the land projected to parch under 2 deg C, they concluded in a study published in Nature Climate Change.
At 1.5 deg C, parts of southern Europe, southern Africa, central America, coastal Australia and South-east Asia - areas home to more than a fifth of humanity - "would avoid significant aridification" predicted under 2 deg C, said study co-author Dr Jeong Su Jong of the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China.
"Accomplishing 1.5 deg C would be a meaningful action for reducing the likelihood of aridification and related impacts," he told AFP.
Dr Jeong and a team used projections from several climate models, under different warming scenarios, to predict land drying patterns.
Aridification is a major threat, hastening land degradation and desertification, and the loss of plants and trees crucial for absorbing earth-warming carbon dioxide.
It also boosts droughts and wildfires, and affects water quality for farming and drinking. - AFP
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Ipsos Encyclopedia - Tracking Study
Tracking is the generic term for studies that provide measurement over time to update knowledge of brand and competitor performances.
Tracking is the generic term for studies that provide measurement over time to update knowledge of brand and competitor performances. These studies might be continuously in field or they might be periodic, that is waves of research timed to coincide with seasonal cycles or with marketing activities to understand their effect on the brand's competitive status.
Any study that updates performance over time can be considered a tracking study, even if is only run once year or even less frequently than that. The principle is that the measures and study / sample design are sufficiently consistent for assessment to be made of change over time.
There are two common types of tracking study: advertising tracking and brand health tracking. Advertising Tracking is primarily concerned with the advertising and in each wave will assess latest creative for cut through, branding, response and impact on brand. To do this well, it includes brand metrics such as awareness, trial and usage, both to trend them and for analysis of the effects of advertising exposure on these metrics. A survey adding more substantial brand understanding and equity or imagery assessments, for example, is more likely to be classed as primarily brand health tracking.
There is a separate Ipsos Encyclopaedia entry for Advertising Tracking, hence this document focuses on brand health tracking and how this can be enhanced by the additional measurement of advertising in the same survey for analysis of the relationships between the two elements to inform future advertising and brand strategies.
Ipsos Point Of View
Tracking studies are under considerable scrutiny. Client budgets have little freedom nowadays and tracking, with its regular, large samples, is a high cost item whose value is challenged by finance departments. Hence Ipsos receives demands to deliver greater value from tracking, for the same or even less money. Sometimes Ipsos has to defend the very existence of tracking.
Results from tracking studies should feed directly into brand marketing planning. Today, with a proliferation of metrics on brand performance from sources such as social media, tracking remains essential as a primary source of data that can be used to set brand and comms strategies.
Brand tracking is the fundamental tool for monitoring trends on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the context of market developments and the progress made by competition. This enables identification of strategic brand drivers to communicate and in-market aspects to address.
There are several critical questions that only brand health tracking answers:
- How is the brand performing in the market and have there been basic changes in awareness, consideration or usage?
- How is the brand doing against its targets and objectives?
- How has this changed and why?
- How is the brand relative to its competition, and how has this changed?
- What has been the impact of new product launches or other changes in the market?
More power comes from integrating brand equity and KPIs with communications measurement, in order to identify the impact of activity on key brand measures. If the tracking also has questions about the brand's and/or competitors' communications, it can answer further questions such as:
- How are new campaigns cutting through and driving positive consumer attitudes to the advertised brands?
- Does recall of advertising and other marketing activity lead to improved perceptions of the brand?
- Do people who recall brand communications retain the right messages from them?
- How well have communications performed? How can brands continue success? Which elements need improvement or correction?
- Are better ads starting to wear out and do the brands need to take action?
- Which media channels and other marketing activities are most effective and which can be better leveraged in future?
- How are competitors' campaigns performing and what can be learned from their activity?
Owing to the high cost of continuous (or very frequent) interviewing it only makes sense to track continuously if the measures in the survey are expected to change quickly enough to justify regular inspection. Brand Equity and brand imagery perceptions are established over many years of concerted effort and do not change quickly. Hence it does not deliver value to track these elements continuously.
Ipsos suggests that clients conduct deeper surveys on brand equity and imagery drivers once a year because the degree of change is unlikely to warrant more frequent investigation. Also, the strategic direction suggested by these explorations cannot be acted on more often than annually at best – brands cannot amend strategic direction without the risk of disconcerting users.
In typical tracking designs, other modules are appended to the questionnaire for a wave or two waves, to answer specific objectives as they occur. These might be to do with media choices or emotional motivations or other topics which require periodic attention.
Communications performance is worth tracking more frequently, if the market is sufficiently dynamic. Early detection of change can allow corrective adjustment to the comms activities.
Thus a tracking study, either continuous or less frequent such as quarterly, usually focuses on the comms activities, with a few measures to provide core brand monitoring and to allow diagnosis of the impact of the advertising on brand and comms objectives. The goal is to ask only the measures which relate to the objectives of the comms activities and which might therefore be expected to change, based on a schedule where real change could have or should have happened.
Business circumstances should dictate the timing of brand health tracking, connected to brand fortunes, the planning cycle and the need for strategic refreshment. The start of a tracking programme is the right time to check that the study has the right dimensions for monitoring. From then brand tracking can recur at planned intervals, or be instigated when there is uncertainty about positioning or when there are changes to the marketing environment or competitive context that demand reassessment.
The KPIs that are used in brand tracking are mainly in these areas:
- Brand behaviour metrics; these are generally measures such as unaided awareness, prompted awareness, consideration and trial / usage / repeat usage.
- Brand equity metrics; these are measures of the brand relationship, identified by Ipsos as Performance and Closeness, and the propensity for the brand to be ranked ahead of other brands on these dimensions (reflecting how purchase decision are made). Ipsos also looks at how easy it is for people to choose brands at the point when purchase decisions are made. From all these metrics Ipsos models overall Brand Equity. The Ipsos equity model is called Brand Value Creator (BVC).
- Brand image or personality dimensions; these are the attributes which distinguish the brand in its category or market and those which it is seeking to communicate about itself. There can also be dimensions which are conditions of the market, on which all brands have to meet a threshold of acceptability.
Ultimately the most relevant KPIs for a client are the objectives that have been set for the brand and its communications. The most important thing to track is the dimensions on which the brand is expected to progress, which should be linked to driving success in market.
Best reading
There are hundreds of relevant books and articles on how brands work, how consumers react to brands, how they make decisions and how brands grow as a function of marketing efforts and other factors.
Prominent authors and their work include:
- Dan Ariely: Predictably Irrational
- Binet & Field: The Long and the Short of It
- Briggs & Stuart: What Sticks
- Robert Cialdini: Influence; the Psychology of Persuasion
- Erik Du Plessi: The Advertised Mind
- Paul Feldwick: The Anatomy of Humbug
- Robert Heath: Seducing the Subconscious
- Byron Sharp: How Brands Grow
- Anthony Young: Brand Media Strategy
- Gerald Zaltman: How Customers Think
The Institute of Practitioners in Advertising in London brings together details of all its knowledge-based activities to help stimulate best practice and commercial creativity across the industry.
WARC is an online service offering advertising best practice, evidence and insights from the world's leading brands. In addition to its own content, WARC features advertising case studies and best practices from more than 50 respected industry sources, including:
- the Advertising Research Foundation
- Cannes Lions
- Effie Worldwide
- Association of National Advertisers
- 4A's
- the IPA
Media & Brand Communication
[WEBINAR] American Family Media Experiences 2020
February 19 - This month we're previewing some of the insights our newest survey revealed: American families are exposed to more and more media choices to build their family lives around. View our on demand webinar featuring new data and evolving trends in the American family's media experience.
[WEBINAR] Introducing BI-style reporting for Social Media Intelligence
October 8 and 10 - Taking the best-of Business Intelligence (BI) tools, and the best-of Social Media Intelligence, you now have a faster path-to-insights with the new Synthesio reporting experience. Now, you don't need to be an expert to get expert reporting.


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Our curriculum is organised into exciting themes which provide the context through which we stimulate the children's learning. At the beginning of each theme the children are asked to personalise their Theme books by decorating the covers using ICT resources.
This engages the children in preparation for their learning and provides a wonderful record of their learning journey.
In addition to theme work, the children are offered a rigorous programme to support the development of basic skills - they have daily reading, phonics and handwriting sessions which are carefully differentiated to ensure that progress is made. Once the children have mastered these skills they are given weekly opportunities to produce extended pieces of writing. We are keen to develop a community of confident writers!
We aim to develop a community of Mathematical Thinkers. Children are taught basic skills alongside being given the opportunity to problem solve and engage in mathematical investigations. Teachers work hard, with the support of parents and carers, to support children in achieving secure recall skills. We use online resources such as J2e, IXL, Busy Things and TimesTables Rockstars as well as practising half-termly KIRFs (Key Instant Recall Facts). These can be accessed both at home and at school.
At King Athelstan we are fortunate to have three specialist teachers who deliver comprehensive programmes for Physical Education, Music and French. Their expertise enables us to become engaged in many extra curricular activities including Sports competitions, swimming lessons, Music Festivals and French Theme Days. We feel this enriches the curriculum we are able to offer the children.
© Copyright 2020 King Athelstan Primary School | Admin login


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Spring has sprung finally! Don't get me wrong I love winter, but I love flowers, sunshine and pastel colors even more. For this month's beauty favorites it will be colorful, just like spring. As usual, I will state everything in categories. Just as a disclaimer I am not sponsored by any of those brands, and these are all genuinely my thoughts of the products.
Skin Care
Lush Eau Roma Water
This month's favorite skin care product is something that I have used for years! But after my last bottle was emptied, I didn't go back to repurchase it for months and let me tell you, do I think it is a mistake now. Eau Roma Water is one of those products that saved my skin. I know there have been some recent studies about toners doing nothing extra to improve your skincare, but this is more than just a toner. First let's discuss the fact that it's a lush product, which to me means that the chances of irritation are very slim to none. It is infused with rose petals and lavender, that are known to calm, soothe and refresh. The scent is a pretty therapeutic smell of a refreshing rose. I usually spritz this on after cleansing my face and before applying my skin care, both in the morning and at night. The moisture of the water, not only moisturizes my skin but also helps any product I apply after to seep into my skin better. This is a staple, and it's perfect for springtime too!
Price: I got the 3.3 fl.oz for $ 10.95 CAN.
Dupe: The closest dupe to this one is rose water, found at a grocery store. I really do believe that lush uses pure rose water and add some more goodness to it.
Click here to purchase.
Makeup April Favourites
Too Faced Better Than S*x Mascara
This month's favorite mascara is obviously something that I have raved about for months, I got all my friends hooked on it. You have probably heard about a million times but I just can't get enough! I am the type of girl that doesn't believe in purchasing the same exact product so many times, simply because I love trying new things. But no matter how many different mascaras I tried, I keep going back to Better Than Sex by Too Faced. I don't know what it is but this mascara gives volume, and length to my eyelashes. If applied correctly it sometimes looks like I have fake lashes on. It is just perfect!
Price: 0.27 oz /8ml aka standard size $30 CAN; I have to admit it is a little pricey for a mascara, but it lasts a really good time.
Click here to purchase.
Tarte Maracuja Creaseless Concealer
I have been on the search for the perfect concealer for years! My only problem was I didn't know the difference between a liquid concealer and a cream concealer, but that is all for another post that I will discuss in detail. For this month's favorite Tarte Maracuja creaseless concealer, I have to give this year's concealer award to Tarte! They are honestly stepping up their game big time with the shape tape that took the world by storm and the maracuja that just has the thickest, fullest coverage I have ever seen! You know how sometimes you want to go run a quick errand but you don't want to wear a full face of foundation? You just want to cover any imperfections, just because you feel like it. This concealer is the best of the best for concealing imperfections on the face, like acne scarring or any pigmentation. I am warning you it is pretty thick and creamy! But if you find the perfect shade to match your skin tone, you might just go days without wearing any foundation. A little bit goes a long way, I've had this for an entire year & I love it. But there is one thing I want to note, it is pretty shiny, so if you applied it to conceal your under-eyes, make sure that you set your eyes with a setting powder after. I love it, and I just can't say enough
Price: 0.28 oz/ 8ml $31 CAN
Click here to purchase.
Smashbox Photofinish Pore Minimizing Primer
I love primers, but ever since the Kendall Jenner's dermatologist said they clog your pores, I've been feeling a little hesitant about applying them. I still haven't done my complete research on the topic, but I do obviously still wear primers because they just transform my skin and make my foundation last a lot longer. I have tried every range of primer from the Photo Finish line, I loved them all! This one specifically helped minimize any appearance of pores, I applied it on my nose and just a little bit on the sides of the nose and it made the areas smooth and prepped. This doesn't really minimize your pores, more so it blurs them out for the time being. Therefore this performed pretty beautifully and helped the foundation glide on so effortlessly.
Price: Travel Size $20 CAD
Dupe: I think Benefit Pore minimizing has the same if not even better performance, but I am not sure if it counts as a dupe.
Click here to purchase
Too faced Born This way Foundation
This month's favorite foundation is Too Faced Born This Way Foundation. I know based on my latest review of the Clinique Foundation + Concealer, you may assume that I found a winner. But unfortunately clinique came second best this month, and the top foundation is the Too Faced Born This Way. I can't rave enough about this product, it is oil free and has medium to full coverage. I genuinely think this is perfect for summer and spring time because it gives such a natural dewy finish and it's extremely long-wearing, with so many different ranges of shades. It comes with a pump which makes the application process easier. I will do a full review on this one very soon. I honestly have to grant the award of best foundation this month to this lovely baby over here.
Price: 30 ml/ 1fl.oz for $49 CAN
Dupes: The dupe for this one has to be L'oreal True Match foundation. It really reminds me of loreal, just a bit more long wearing with fuller coverage.
Click here to purchase.
Sephora House of Lashes collab
Lashes change your makeup game to another level! I love trying new lashes on, although I have to admit I only wear lashes occasionally. I am always on the hunt for those Kylie Jenner fluttery eyelashes, but I also don't want my wallet to bleed. Therefore I gave this a go, and for the price range, I loved them. The band is quite thick, but the lashes look quite natural, I rocked them on their own or even with a crisp liner and they looked flawless! I personally loved them and I love the collab with House of Lashes, because it's about time House Of Lashes move to Sephora don't ya think?
So there you guys go! Here are a few of my favorite things! I can't wait to do another one of these in May. Again my loves, this is all based on my personal opinion, & as usual remember my yearly favorite thing that money can't buy is kindness, stay humble and kind!
Don't forget to follow!


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WSO2 App Factory supports the development of several runtimes for enterprise applications, such as Java Web applications, JAX-RS and JAX-WS services, Jaggery applications, dataservices etc. The App Factory has extension points that allow you to add any app type that is not available by default.
In this guide, we explain how to create a new app type for PHP applications and PHP runtime environment in the App Factory. The runtime environment is set up as a IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) image in a Cloud service such as OpenStack or Amazon EC2. After setting up, every time the user creates a PHP application in the App Factory, an instance of the IaaS image is spawned in the Cloud, providing the user the necessary runtime to build and deploy PHP applications.
We use Apache Stratos as the PaaS (Platform as a Service) framework that provides the environment for the App Factory to work with the Cloud. It facilitates spawning of the IaaS image in the Cloud, load balancing, auto scaling, multi-tenancy etc. Stratos manages applications using a concept called Stratos cartridges.
A cartridge is a virtual machine (VM) image on an IaaS that has software components to interact with Apache Stratos PaaS. We have Apache Stratos integrated with the App Factory by default, and we also set up a Stratos cartridge agent in the IaaS image in the Cloud.
A cartridge agent is a component that resides within a cartridge instance of Stratos and handles the communication between the cartridge and Stratos. The cartridge agent manages the cartridge's lifecycle, synchronises the deployment artifacts and communicates statistics about the cartridge. For more information about Apache Stratos, see the Apache Stratos documentation.
Let's see how to create a new app type, its runtime environment as a IaaS image and how to set up Apache Stratos to enable the App Factory to work with the IaaS image that facilitates the runtime:
Creating a new app type
You can add a new app type to the App Factory by deploying an archive file as described in the following steps.
Create a Java class for your new app type by implementing the interface
org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.core.apptype.ApplicationTypeProcessor. If it is already there in the existing application processor classes, you don't have to write it from scratch. In this example, we use the following class for PHP:PHPApplicationTypeProcessor.java
package org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.application.mgt.type; import org.apache.axiom.om.OMElement; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.common.AppFactoryConfiguration; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.common.AppFactoryConstants; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.common.AppFactoryException; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.common.util.AppFactoryUtil; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.core.apptype.ApplicationTypeManager; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.core.dao.JDBCApplicationDAO; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.core.dto.CartridgeCluster; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.core.util.AppFactoryCoreUtil; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.s4.integration.StratosRestService; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.utilities.project.ProjectUtils; import org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.utilities.version.AppVersionStrategyExecutor; import org.wso2.carbon.context.CarbonContext; import java.io.File; import java.util.Map; /** * PHP application type processor */ public class PHPApplicationTypeProcessor extends AbstractFreeStyleApplicationTypeProcessor { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(PHPApplicationTypeProcessor.class); private static final String PARAM_CARTRIDGE_IP = "{cartridgeIP}"; private static final String ENVIRONMENT = "ApplicationDeployment.DeploymentStage"; private static final String TENANT_MANAGEMENT_URL = "TenantMgtUrl"; private static final String SYMBOL_AT = "@"; @Override public void generateApplicationSkeleton(String applicationId, String workingDirectory) throws AppFactoryException { ProjectUtils.generateProjectArchetype(applicationId, workingDirectory, ProjectUtils.getArchetypeRequest(applicationId, getProperty(MAVEN_ARCHETYPE_REQUEST))); File pomFile = new File(workingDirectory + File.separator + AppFactoryConstants.DEFAULT_POM_FILE); boolean result = FileUtils.deleteQuietly(pomFile); if (!result){ log.warn("Error while deleting pom.xml for application id : " + applicationId); } } @Override public String getDeployedURL(String tenantDomain, String applicationId, String applicationVersion, String stage) throws AppFactoryException { String deployedUrl = StringUtils.EMPTY; try { String urlPattern = (String) this.properties.get(LAUNCH_URL_PATTERN); String artifactTrunkVersionName = AppFactoryUtil.getAppfactoryConfiguration(). getFirstProperty(ARTIFACT_VERSION_XPATH); String sourceTrunkVersionName = AppFactoryUtil.getAppfactoryConfiguration(). getFirstProperty(SOURCE_VERSION_XPATH); if (sourceTrunkVersionName.equalsIgnoreCase(applicationVersion)) { applicationVersion = artifactTrunkVersionName; } // get cartridge active IP String cartridgeActiveIp = getCartridgeActiveIP(applicationId, tenantDomain, stage); // generate application url if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(urlPattern) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(cartridgeActiveIp)) { urlPattern = urlPattern.replace(PARAM_CARTRIDGE_IP, cartridgeActiveIp) .replace(PARAM_APP_ID, applicationId) .replace(PARAM_APP_VERSION, applicationVersion); deployedUrl = urlPattern; } } catch (AppFactoryException e) { if (log.isErrorEnabled()) { log.error("Error while generating application url !", e); } } return deployedUrl; } private String getCartridgeActiveIP(String applicationId, String tenantDomain, String stage) throws AppFactoryException { AppFactoryConfiguration configuration = AppFactoryUtil.getAppfactoryConfiguration(); String serverURL = configuration.getFirstProperty(ENVIRONMENT + XPATH_SEPERATOR + stage + XPATH_SEPERATOR + TENANT_MANAGEMENT_URL); String userName = CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getUsername() + SYMBOL_AT + CarbonContext.getThreadLocalCarbonContext().getTenantDomain(); String cartridgeAlias = AppFactoryCoreUtil.getCartridgeAlias(applicationId, tenantDomain); StratosRestService restService = new StratosRestService(serverURL, userName, StringUtils.EMPTY); String clusterId = restService.getSubscribedCartridgeClusterId(cartridgeAlias); // get data from runtime db JDBCApplicationDAO jdbcApplicationDAO = JDBCApplicationDAO.getInstance(); CartridgeCluster cartridgeCluster = jdbcApplicationDAO.getCartridgeClusterByClusterId(clusterId); if(cartridgeCluster != null) { return cartridgeCluster.getActiveIP(); } return null; } }
Build the above Java class and save the JAR file in
Create the configuration file of the app type. It adds the new app type to the App Factory UIs, and defines the new app type's extension, whether the app type is buildable or not etc. For example,apptype.xml
<ApplicationType> <ApplicationType>php</ApplicationType> <ProcessorClassName>org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.application.mgt.type.PHPApplicationTypeProcessor</ProcessorClassName> <DisplayName>PHP Web Application</DisplayName> <Extension></Extension> <Description>php web application</Description> <Buildable>true</Buildable> <BuildJobTemplate>freestyle</BuildJobTemplate> <MavenArcheTypeRequest>-DarchetypeGroupId=org.wso2.appfactory -DarchetypeArtifactId=php-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=2.1.0-SNAPSHOT -DgroupId=org.wso2.appfactory -Dversion=default-SNAPSHOT -DinteractiveMode=false -DarchetypeCatalog=local </MavenArcheTypeRequest> <ServerDeploymentPaths>phpapps</ServerDeploymentPaths> <Enable>enabled</Enable> <Comment>Test</Comment> <Language>PHP</Language> <SubscriptionAvailability>aPaaS</SubscriptionAvailability> <IsUploadableAppType>false</IsUploadableAppType> <DeployerType>php</DeployerType> <LaunchURLPattern>http://{cartridgeIP}/phpapps/{applicationID}-{applicationVersion}</LaunchURLPattern> <Runtimes>php</Runtimes> <ExecutionType>Open</ExecutionType> <IsCodeEditorSupported>true</IsCodeEditorSupported> </ApplicationType>
The elements of the above configuration are described below:
Element Description Data type Fixed value/s <ApplicationType>
The type of the application archive. Currently, the App Factory supports Web applications (war), JAX-RS (jaxrs), JAX-WS (jaxws), WSO2 BPS (bpel), Data Services (dbs) and WSO2 Jaggery (jaggery).You can specify a new type, but has to be related to the supported types.
String <ProcessorClassName> Class name of the application implementation type String <DisplayName>
Display name of the application type. You see this name under the Application Type drop-down list when you create a new application.
String <Extension>
Extension of the application's archive type. The App Factory supports the following types and archive names:
Web Application: war
JAX-RS: war
JAX-WS: war
Data Services: dbs
- WSO2 Jaggery: zip
String war, zip, dbs <Description> Detailed description of the application type String <Buildable> If the artifact is not buildable, set this property to false. It will then not go through the process of being built on the build server. Boolean true/false <BuildJobTemplate> The build job configuration template name for the Jenkins application build. <MavenArcheTypeRequest> Maven archive type request for the build. Change the archive type based on the application type. The existing types can be found in github. <ServerDeploymentPaths> Server deployment path <Enable> Defines whether the application type is enabled or not. String Enabled/Disabled <Language> Programming language used to write the artifact's code. <IsUploadableAppType> The application can be uploaded to the App Factory as an archive file. See here. <DevelopmentStageParam> The value you define here will be added to the URL pattern of the application when it is in the development stage. <TestingStageParam> The value you define here will be added to the URL pattern of the application when it is in the testing stage. <LaunchURLPattern> Defines the URL patten of the artifact that is deployed. For example, if you define the URL as https://appserver{stage}.appfactory.private.wso2.com:9443, then the <stage> will dynamically change in each lifecycle stage according to the values you define in the <DevelopmentStageParam> and <TestingStageParam> elements. <DisplayOrder> The place in which the new application type will appear in the application type drop-down list in the App Factory console. <IsAllowDomainMapping> Whether to allow domain mapping for this application type or not Boolean true/false <Runtimes> The supported runtimes as a comma-separated list (only a single runtime is supported at the moment) String
Tip: Based on the build perspective of apps, they can be categorized as follows.
Buildable app types that need to be built to get the artifact for deploying the application. E.g., Java, .Net
Freestyle app types that do not need to be built to be deployed. E.g, Jaggery, PHP
The PHP app type that you create here is freestyle but if you create a buildable app type, you must create a Jenkins build configuration for it. Jenkins is the default build server of the applications in the App Factory. Here's a sample build configuration for .Net.
Create an archive of
apptype.xmlwith the extension 'apptype' using the following command. If your app type is buildable, you must archive the build configuration also with this.
zip -r <apptype-name>.apptype apptype.xml
Save the archive file in
You have now created a new app type in the App Factory. If you log in to the App Factory console, you will be able to see it populated in the Application Type drop-down list when creating a new application.
Creating a runtime for the app type
To deploy applications of the new app type that you created earlier, you need to configure a runtime environment with the operating system and the necessary software installed. This runtime environment is similar to an instance of WSO2 App Server, IIS, PHP etc. set up on a Cloud service such as OpenStack or Amazon EC2.
In this guide, you create a cartridge using a puppet-based cartridge configuration. The advantage of configuring cartridges using Puppet is that DevOps will be able to configure new cartridge instances or reconfigure existing ones without changing the virtual machine image.
Puppet is a configuration management system that allows you to define the state of your IT infrastructure and automatically enforce the correct state and automate other sysadmin tasks. In Apache Stratos, Puppet is used to automate the configuration process of all cartridges. In a Stratos deployment, you set up a puppet master with the puppet scripts for setting up cartridges, cartridge software and the cartridge agent.
When a cartridge starts, a startup script (e.g.,
init.sh) invokes the puppet agent. The puppet agent then communicates with the puppet master, which automatically configures the respective cartridge based on the
SERVICE_NAME payload parameter that defines the service type. For example, if
SERVICE_NAME=PHP, the puppet agent communicates with the puppet master and configures the cartridge to host PHP applications. For more information about puppet based configurations, see Apache Stratos documentation.
Create a virtual image of an operating system. As you set up a PHP runtime here, Ubuntu is recommended.
Execute the following commands on the VM instance:
Task Command
Login to the instance using SSH and get root access to the instance
sudo su
Install zip and unzip
apt-get install zip unzip
Create a new directory named bin in the home directory
mkdir ~/bin
Save the config.sh in the ~/bin directory and make it executable. As this is a puppet-based configuration, the config.sh script is used to install the puppet agent to the instance. This puppet agent communicates with the puppet master and configures the required environment using puppet scripts. You configure the puppet master at the time the App Factory is installed. The config.sh script also configures the init.sh file to be executed automatically during the startup of the instance.
chmod +x config.sh
Save the init.sh in the ~/bin directory and make it an executable.
This init.sh script,
- Starts the puppet agent
The cartridge agent needs several parameters from the Amazon EC2 metadata service as payload to communicate with the Stratos manager in the App Factory. The metadata service is used for virtual machine instances to retrieve instance-specific data. It supports two sets of APIs: an OpenStack metadata API and an EC2-compatible API. Instances access the metadata service on
Downloads the launch parameters from the Amazon EC2 metadata service using the following command:
wget http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data -O /tmp/payload/launch-params.
- Configurs the host file of the instance with the required host entries
- Downloads the cartridge agent from the puppet master in the App Factory
chmod +x init.sh
Save the stratos_sendinfo.rb file in the ~/bin directory. Create a directory named
puppetinstallinside the ~/bin directory.
mkdir ~/bin/puppetinstall
Save the puppetinstall file in ~/bin/puppetinstall/ and make it an executable.
chmod +x ~/bin/puppetinstall/puppetinstall
In the above script file, set the TIMEZONE value that matched the timezone set in the puppet master using the following command. In this case, we are setting the timezone to Etc/UTC.
sed -i 's:^TIMEZONE=.*$:TIMEZONE=\"Etc/UTC\":g' ~/bin/puppetinstall/puppetinstall
Create a directory named
mkdir /mnt/apache-stratos-cartridge-agent/
Save the cartridge-agent.sh file in
/mnt/apache-stratos-cartridge-agent/and make it an executable. This script is used to configure and start the cartridge agent.
chmod +x /mnt/apache-stratos-cartridge-agent/cartridge-agent.sh
Execute the
config.shfile using the following command:
Provide the following details when prompted:
This script will install and configure puppet agent, do you want to continue [y/N] y Please provide stratos service-name: php Please provide puppet master IP: <IP-Of-AppFactoryServer> Please provide puppet master hostname [puppet.test.org]: puppet.test.org
In OpenStack, create a snapshot image of the runtime instance that you configured in the IaaS. Note that an ID is generated for the snapshot. We use that in step 5 below.
Add this runtime configuration to the App Factory by saving it as an XML file in
<AF_HOME>/repository/deployment/server/runtimes/. As hot deployment is enabled, it will be deployed automatically.
<Runtime> <Runtime>php</Runtime> <DeployerClassName>org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.jenkins.deploy.JenkinsArtifactDeployer</DeployerClassName> <PAASArtifactStorageURLPattern>{@stage}/as</PAASArtifactStorageURLPattern> <AliasPrefix>{@appName}</AliasPrefix> <CartridgeTypePrefix>php</CartridgeTypePrefix> <DeploymentPolicy>af-deployment</DeploymentPolicy> <AutoscalePolicy>economy</AutoscalePolicy> <SubscribeOnDeployment>true</SubscribeOnDeployment> <UndeployerClassName>org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.jenkins.deploy.JenkinsArtifactUndeployer</UndeployerClassName> </Runtime>
The elements of the above configuration are described below:
Element Description Data type Default value <Runtime> Name of the runtime that you wish to add String <DeployerClassName> The fully qualified class name of the application deployer String Default is
The artifact storage URL where the application artifact is stored. The URL is resolved using the stage of the application in the runtime.{@stage}- resolves the current stage of the application (e.g., Development, Testing, Production etc.) as the runtime prefix.
<@stage>/as'as' stands for Application Server.
<AliasPrefix> Prefix of the alias String <CartridgeTypePrefix> Prefix of the cartridge type String <DeploymentPolicy> Deployment policy used for subscription String af-deployment <AutoscalePolicy> Autoscale policy used for subscription String economy <SubscribeOnDeployment> Whether subscription is required at the time of deployment or not. Boolean False <UndeployerClassName> Fully qualified class name of the application un-deployer String
org.wso2.carbon.appfactory.deployers.JenkinsS tratosUndeployer
You have now created an virtual image of a PHP runtime. At the time users create new PHP applications in the App Factory, this virtual image is used to spawn new PHP runtime instances in the Cloud environment. Next, let's configure Apache Stratos as the PaaS environment for the App Factory to work with the Cloud instance.
Configuring Apache Stratos in the App Factory
Apache Stratos is an extensible PaaS framework that helps you run Apache Tomcat, PHP, and MySQL applications. You can extend it to support many more environments on all popular Cloud infrastructures. For developers, Stratos provides a cloud-based environment for developing, testing, and running scalable applications.
Apache Stratos is set up at the time you install the App Factory. Log in to the Stratos manager consoles of all three stratos instances (dev, test, prod) as admin, using the following URLs.
In the Stratos manager console, go to Configure Stratos > Partitions and add the partition definition. Following JSON object shows a sample partition definition.
{ "id": "P1", "provider": "openstack", "property": [ { "name": "region", "value": "RegionOne" } ] }
Go to Configure Stratos > Autoscale policies in the Stratos manager console and add the autoscale policy. This policy defines how to scale up and down the resources of your Cloud instance depending on different conditions, demand and load. The following JSON object shows a sample autoscale policy.
{ "id": "economy", "loadThresholds": { "requestsInFlight": { "average": "300", "gradient": "10", "secondDerivative": "0.2" }, "memoryConsumption": { "average": "80", "gradient": "10", "secondDerivative": "0.2" }, "loadAverage": { "average": "600", "gradient": "20", "secondDerivative": "0.2" } } }
Similarly, go to Configure Stratos > Deployment policies and add the deployment policy. The following JSON object shows a sample deployment policy.
{ "id": "deployp", "partitionGroup": { "id": "openstack", "partitionAlgo": "one-after-another", "partition": [ { "id": "P1", "partitionMax": "10", "partitionMin": "2" } ] } }
Go to Configure Stratos > Cartridges and add the cartridge definition. The following JSON object shows a sample cartridge definition for development environment.
- Please change the placeholders with actual values.
- In this configuration, the cartridge type should be the concatenation of the
CartridgeTypePrefixof the runtime and the environment type of the cartridge. The
CartridgeTypePrefixis an element of the runtime configuration defined below. For example, if the
CartridgeTypePrefixis Windows, then the cartridge type of development environment is
- The
ImageIdshould be the ID of the image that was created when creating a snapshot image of the runtime in the IaaS.
{ "type": "php", "provider": "apache", "host": "stratos.org", "displayName": "PHP", "description": "PHP Cartridge", "version": "7", "multiTenant": "false", "portMapping": [ { "protocol": "http", "port": "80", "proxyPort": "8280" }, { "protocol": "https", "port": "443", "proxyPort": "8243" } ], "deployment":{ }, "iaasProvider":[ { "type":"openstack", "imageId":"RegionOne/58746cf5-2d59-4a6b-9e7c-9a580c8a242d", "maxInstanceLimit":"4", "property":[ { "name": "instanceType", "value": "RegionOne/3" }, { "name":"keyPair", "value":"appfackey" } ] } ] }


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Teardrops n Tiny Travel Trailers
or t n ttt for short (tnttt.com)
tony.latham wrote:Heck, I'M excited.
Take that Dutch and cook up this for your pals. It ain't rocket science and they'll be blown away:
You can leave the eggs at home and use 7 Up or Sprite instead (trust me –add it until your batter is "there"). Also, for it to come out as perfect as the video, the Dutch has to be on a level spot. Otherwise, it'll be thick and thin.
I'd throw a can of bear spray in (you won't need it but you should have it on those hikes). Dunno if the Canadians will let you cross the border with it.
dreamofcolors wrote:In July, I'm doing a cross-country trip from North Carolina to Edmonton, Canada then a week in Banff and Jasper, and then home via Montana and Wyoming (Glacier National Park & Grand Teton & Yellowstone).
It will be about 5000 miles round trip. Much of the distance driving will be done in big chunks (I figure 3 12-hour days each way) and on those nights, I don't plan on actually camping as much as simply stopping for a place to sleep.
The Banff portion of the trip is largely planned. I'm driving to Edmonton and back with a friend who will be there for work, and while she's working, my parents are flying into Calgary so I can take them to my favorite place in North America - Lake Louise, Moraine Lake and the Canadian Rockies. We have campsites reserved, day hikes planned and a basic schedule of the seven nights in the rockies.
I haven't planned anything else... a lot of it will be "just wing it" probably, but I'm already trying to think of a packing list. Living out of my teardrop for up to four weeks will be a big deal. I only got my camper in November, and have never spent more than four nights in it.
I'm not carrying an extra table for food prep, and may even leave the easy up at home (though it fits in my front storage box without firewood, which I won't be transporting to Canada (or even out of state) for obvious reasons!). I'm not even sure if the Dutch Oven will make the cut, because I haven't yet discovered and mastered it's usefulness and am not sure we will have a lot of leisurely camping and cooking time (the coleman stove will be my workhorse). I will have to have a tent and sleeping bag for the time I'm in Banff... I've told my parents they can sleep on a "real" bed and I will take the forest floor while they are with me.
None of the campsites have electricity. All have running water and bathrooms. I have done mathematical calculations and am confident my battery and solar panel are sufficient to keep my lights and fans and small electronics charged. I will likely use a 100w inverter in my car for my laptop (I don't want to drain 8+ amps per charge off of my camper battery).
What items are must haves for those of you on big trips? What can I leave at home?
I know I need to get a full set of cookware... am seriously considering Magna. I need a new headlamp, but that's more for night hikes to see sunrise at some of my favorite sites. I really want to pack light. I don't want to store anything in the cabin of my camper so it can be used on travel days for mid-day napping. I have an awesome new Yeti cooler, but it's on the smaller side so I'm trying to find recipes with non-perishable ingredients (vegetarian chili, pasta, etc.) and will likely take a second cooler for cold drinks that won't hold ice as long or as well. I need some grab and grow breakfast ideas for my morning photography hikes. I don't eat meat, so that's one less perishable thing to pack!
Thanks for advice in advance!
S. Heisley wrote:
That sounds like a blast!!!! Advice?
First of all, you don't need a full set of cookware. You need a medium to large pot with a lid and a fry pan that can share the same lid. Chances are, you only have two burners on your stove and the one pot and one pan should be able to do just about everything you need. Make sure that the two can be nested inside each other, to save space. If you like tea or coffee, you may want a small tea kettle or coffee pot. Again, be certain that it will nest inside the pot, to save space. You can usually go to a thrift store and find some still very nice copper bottom stainless steel ware that will work great without spending a lot.
Easy, canned meatless meals? Whenever you can, make one pot meals.
This list is off the top of my head (Assumes cheese/eggs okay-adjust accordingly) :
Dinner ideas
- Canned Hunts spaghetti sauce, warmed and poured over a package of cooked up & drained spaghetti noodles.* Buy the smallest packages of Parmesan cheese & use in one meal.
- Canned Chili, your choice of brands or make your own with one can each chili beans, Mexican style tomatoes, and one drained can of either kidney beans or black beans**
- Cook up some Uncle Ben's instant rice (12 minutes) with a pkg of cashews, peas & carrots, broth or bouillon and seasonings of your choice (garlic, curry, turmeric, S & P)
- Canned Soups and grilled cheese or bean spread sandwiches
- Dehydrated foods....Go to the local Sportsman/REI/Walmart to buy. These are nice to have if you are really tired, alone, and don't want a lot of fuss. Follow pkg directions.
- Or, try on-line places like this: http://www.wildernessdining.com/vegen.html
* Most people don't know that spaghetti tomato sauce and whole wheat noodles combine to make a complete protein.
** Black beans not only cause less flatulence but also contain more iron than kidney beans. If chili is meatless, serve with whole grain bread or corn bread for complete protein.
- Sandwiches, such as Peanut Butter and Jelly
- Cheese or bean spread and crackers
- Eggs, hard boiled the night before and eaten plain or in a sandwich
- Any saved leftovers from the night before
- Food from Roadside stands
- Oatmeal packets mixed with raisins, a little peanut butter, and hot water; or, just with milk, if you have it.
- Eggs, hard boiled the night before and eaten plain or in a sandwich
- Dehydrated scrambled eggs, reconstituted
- Pancakes, the just add water kind, cooked for a leisurely morning breakfast
In some places, they may insist that you store your food in the bear boxes. I had a hard time finding the size; but I found that the metal ones are usually:
36"D x 43"W x 28"H
This is what could be stored in that much space:
This is 3 weeks food for me and my dog plus we had some left that we brought home.
(Notice that the ice chest wasn't filled when the pic was taken; but, it's a small ice chest.)
razorback wrote:http://allrecipes.com/recipe/omelet-in-a-bag/
Macy and I have been to several tdrop gatherings where we did omlets in a freezer bag. Just leave out meat in the attached recipe. Just boil some water and add your eggs, and veggies, and cheese, and salsa. Simple but good.
GuitarPhotog wrote:Be prepared for rain. I followed that route (Banff - Waterton Lakes - Glacier - Yellowstone - Grand Tetons) in June last year and had 5 consecutive days of hard rain from Banff through Glacier.
It's beautiful country, with truly majestic mountain views, and well worth the trip.
Have a great time.
Stacie Tamaki wrote:Sounds like a really fun trip! Having driven cross country from CA to MI more than once in a year and living full time out of my trailer for 6 months a few tips I can offer are:
Looking forward to hearing about your adventures.
dreamofcolors wrote:I have AAA+ but had never thought of the RV option... I'll have to look into that. Another good suggestion.
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I'm Dawn Cansfield and I'm a part-time PhD student in the Archaeology Department at the University of Winchester, Hampshire, UK, researching prehistoric burials (morbid, I know).
On this year's Day of Archaeology I was involved in an open day at Brighton Museum. These regular drop-ins are held on the last Friday of each month in the Museum Lab, when the public are able to come and find out about the work on the archaeology collections that usually goes on behind the scenes. The Brighton and Hove Archaeology Society bring along educational displays, artefacts from their excavations including pottery, stone tools and animal bones, and work on post-excavation activities such as recording and drawing finds.
My involvement in these open days arose from a collaboration between Andy Maxted, the archaeology curator at the museum, Paola Ponce, osteoarchaeologist at Archaeology South-East, and myself. We were fortunate to be awarded the inaugural Collections Study Award by the Prehistoric Society which is funding us to catalogue and assess the museum's collection of prehistoric human remains. At the monthly drop-in days I work on a particular skeleton (as I do on my usual days at the museum), lay it out in anatomical order, assess and record it and discuss the work with visitors.
Today I laid out a skeleton from the collection that we have very limited information about but hopefully we can find out more through further research, something we are doing as part of the project. The human remains in the collection are of Brighton's prehistoric ancestors and they vary from a good number of fairly complete skeletons to some which comprise just a few bones. Often the museum record includes details of where and how the skeletons were found and in some cases there are newspaper cuttings dating back to the 1920s and '30s; occasionally there are even written reports. Ultimately all these individuals will be uniformly assessed and recorded with digitised summary reports uploaded to the museum database for future researchers to refer to.
We had a lot of visitors today and I spent pretty much the whole day talking with people about archaeology generally and the study of human remains in particular. This was no hardship for me! It was great chatting to people, adults and children alike, from all around the world, about things like how you can work out the age and sex of a skeleton, which bones are which, the timeline for prehistoric Brighton and how we are using our research to try and tell these people's stories. All this chatting did, however, mean that I didn't get very far with my actual recording on this occasion (which is not unusual at these events) but that's fine because I can finish it at my next visit. Today was all about sharing the wonders of archaeology!


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Few issues have been politicized in the way that migration has in the last few years.
On the one hand, that makes the work to secure migrants' rights exceedingly difficult. Yet on the other hand, events like the Syrian refugee crisis have driven unprecedented attention to complex issues of migration and human mobility in the modern world.
The International Organization for Migration is at the center of this storm. Devex spoke with Ambassador Laura Thompson, the IOM's deputy director general, to hear her assessment of the current state of migrants' rights, the efforts underway to integrate them, and the role for the private sector in that process.
Across Borders is a monthlong online conversation hosted by Devex and partners — World Vision, the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department, the U.S. nonprofit partner of the International Organization for Migration and United Nations Volunteers — to analyze and amplify the discussion on global migration and current refugee crises through the lens of global security, development cooperation and humanitarian aid work, and more. Visit the campaign site and join the conversation on social media tagging @devex and #AcrossBorders.


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Blood Pressure Channel
Related Channels
Atenolol and Weight Gain
Some people may experience side effects while taking atenolol, and weight gain that occurs rapidly has been reported by a small number of people. When rapid weight gain does occur, it can potentially indicate congestive heart failure -- especially if accompanied by symptoms such as a cough and/or swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs. You should contact your healthcare provider if you notice unexplained weight gain or swelling while taking atenolol. Gradual weight, however, is not a reported side effect.
There are a number of possible side effects with atenolol (Tenormin®). Gradual weight gain, however, does not appear to be one of them. This data comes from clinical trials that extensively studied atenolol and documented its side effects. However, gradual weight gain has been reported rarely with other beta blockers.
Rapid weight gain, on the other hand, is a reported side effect with all beta blockers, including atenolol.
Before medicines are approved, they must go through several clinical studies in which thousands of people are given a particular medicine and compared to a group of people who were not given the medicine. In these studies, side effects are always documented. This way, it is possible to see what side effects occur, how often they appear, and how they compare to the group not taking the medicine. Side effects are then usually separated into those that occur in more than 1 percent of people (common side effects) and those that occur in less than 1 percent of people (rare side effects).
For people taking atenolol, gradual weight gain was not reported as either a common or rare side effect.
One very important point to keep in mind related to weight gain with atenolol is that all beta blockers may worsen congestive heart failure or, in some cases, even cause it. One of the main symptoms of heart failure is unexplained weight gain. In fact, people with symptoms of congestive heart failure can often have rapid weight gain over a couple of days. This weight gain is often combined with other symptoms, such as a cough and/or swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs. Make sure to contact your healthcare provider if you notice unexplained weight gain or swelling while taking atenolol.
Atenolol Medication
Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD; Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
Last reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD


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The particular stuffed pets are fantastic toys to be able to introduce dog interaction. The toy provides child a thought of what exactly is an animal generally speaking.
Being brave just isn't taught, I assume. It will be trained and considering the surrounding you might be in, everyday you will ever have. At youthful years, familiarity with all the different varieties of animals surrounding the youngsters makes these tough. It will be through their particular stuffed animals they are playing that fact will be served.
With one level, having assorted sort of stuffed animals to pick from and to be able to play with can be good regarding growing youngsters because young, they already know just the diverse names, characteristics and appear of diverse animals. I could consider it as a possible advance stage for studies. If they first head to school, the trainer ask something of a common identify, sound and also description of your certain dog, the youngster can response easily, and known the pets being asked in their mind. If we were holding to segregate the particular sound, for the proper sort of animal, making use of their proper characteristics and brands, I believe that early on introduction for the animals will probably be of great help the youngsters, and it really is through their particular stuffed pets, of course apart from the pictures and also videos they may be watching.
In a few point, having packed toys inside your home is also a very important thing. It will be proven in a few studies in which things can be remembered any time someone is reaching them, than hearing these, reading these, or experiencing them. Interaction with all the stuffed toys gives them these kinds of comfortable experience, aside coming from its softness that produces the youngsters remember these easily. Therefore, when each goes to university or carry on a industry trip, where animals may take place, they can simply recognized these because at an early on stage we were holding with these, playing using them, and sleeping using them, because they will look the identical with their particular stuffed toys and games.
The children which can be not bring in to this type of toy, will feel frightened easily if they first come across these pets. Some cause them to become interchange making use of their names and also sounds particularly when they are usually somewhat practically look likewise. The finest example have been cobra and also python, dolphin and also shark, hippopotamus and also rhinoceros, and also crocodile and also alligator, and there are tons more to call them but they're just some of the illustrations where confusion will probably be in, due to the fact I, for starters, from my own experienced, utilized to interchange their particular names due to the fact I viewed them because the same.
So I really believe that benefits to these kinds of stuffed animals by means of a toy is a superb help to be able to growing youngsters, because should they learn that in university, it remains fun and also okay however, not that intriguing for increasing minds that have been always curious to find new Feature Posts, lovely and also learning items.


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Samurai 1.5″ Lift Missing Links provide approximately 1.5 inches of lift.
Missing Links only come in 1/4″ plate thickness.
Grade 8 hardware included.
Fits stock-width springs only.
Includes two pieces; enough for one axle.
If you will be installing these on the rear of your samurai, you must remove the stock shackle stop bracket as pictured in the product gallery.


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Solve This (? + ? + ?=30)
If 1111=R, 2222=T, 3333=E, 4444=N Then 5555=?
Guess the Hindi Muhawara from the following whatsapp Emoticons?
Sweet, Medicine, Film, Girl, City, Car, Place, Doggy all are name same, guess which word it is?
A girl is blind, deaf, dumb and uneducated too. A boy loves her. How would he propose without touching her?
Four Question, One Answer: One River Name, One Flower Name, One Film Name, One Actress Name?
Guess me who am I, I am the first on earth, the second in heaven...
Which Indian cricketer is known as "Brown Bradman"?
Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the punch card in 1801 as a means of automating what process?
In which century was the Suez Canal opened?
An individual is treated as Resident and Ordinarily Resident if he satisfies any one of the basic conditions and both the following additional conditions –
Basic Conditions:
- He is in India for a period or periods amounting in all to at least 182 days in the relevant previous year.
- He is in India for 60 days or more during the relevant previous year and has been in India for 365 days or more during four previous years immediately preceding the relevant previous year.
Additional Conditions:
- He has been Resident in India for at least 2 out of 10 previous years immediately preceding the relevant previous year.
- He has been in India for 730 days or more during 7 previous years immediately preceding the relevant previous year.
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The search found 8 results in 0.01 seconds.
A vigorous discipline of sociology requires the creation of meaningful research knowledge and the training of professional sociologists able to pass on that knowledge effectively. In spring 2015, four ASA Department Affiliate institutions participated in a pilot project to integrate TRAILS, ASA's Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology, into their graduate teaching seminars.
Istanbul, Turkey
The ASA Task Force on Liberal Learning and the Sociology Major, Third Edition (LL3) has been working steadily on the charge put to it by ASA Council at their August 2014 meeting: to revise the ASA document Liberal Learning and the Sociology Major Updated: Meeting the Challenges of Teaching Sociology in the 21st Century (McKinney et al. 2004). Perhaps the most important as well as the most cited sociology curricular document in the United States, this revision comes at a critical time when several changes are occurring in higher education.
Sally Hillsman,
ASA Executive Officer
If you are a student at a public college or university in Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, Oregon, Texas, Utah, or Wisconsin, the person sitting next to you in class may legally have a handgun under that collegiate sweatshirt he or she is wearing. In these 10 states, legislation allows students and faculty members who have concealed weapon licenses to bring their weapons, such as handguns, to campus. In 2014, bills proposing similar legislation were introduced in 14 states.
Tropes and stereotypes exist in the many comparisons of the responses to COVID-19 in China and the United States. I focus here on a less mentioned reason: the differing imaginaries of the public held by policymakers and scientific and medical experts.
Over the past few months, I have conducted interviews with people experiencing pregnancy, childbirth, and life with newborns amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. I've spoken with single first-time mothers and working mothers of six, those who have had home births and those who have been induced in the hospital, those giving birth with emergency or scheduled cesarean sections. As is typical in any sample of pregnant women, some welcomed and celebrated the transition to motherhood while others resented their pregnancy and feared the birthing process.


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Fashion icon and designer Karl Lagerfeld, who died Tuesday at the age of 85, had a lot of books.
"I hate leisure, except reading," he once told Women's Wear Daily.
And he walked the walk. He had an extensive library that included over 300,000 volumes in four different languages. His personal library is houses in a special room, but is so full, the books had to be stacked horizontally to fit more on the ample shelves.
My Modern Met visited the creative director of Fendi and Chanel at home in 2016:
Lagerfeld's rows and rows of books line the walls of his home, requiring a catwalk to access the upper parts of the stacks. Because of their landscape orientation, he doesn't have to tilt his head to read the titles, meaning he can breeze towards the book that he really wants.
In 2005, Lagerfeld took Vanity Fair's "Proust Questionaire" and revealed that he especially loved to read poetry in their original languages. "I like poets best, E. Dickinson (English), R. M. Rilke (German), Mallarmé (French), Leopardi (Italian). I speak no other languages and I don't believe in translated poetry." In the same piece, he said that "Virginia Woolf's Orlando" was his favorite fictional character.
There is some speculation about who will inherit Lagerfeld's library. After all, his beloved cat Choupette (shown with Lagerfeld above in an image from his Facebook page), thought to be his main heir, doesn't read.
Everyone today is writing about Lagerfeld, so we won't go deeply into his deeds and misdeeds (and in 85 years, he managed to rack up a lot of both), but we'd be remiss if we didn't point you at an amusing round up from the National Post of the designer's "Most cutting insults." There are a lot of them, and they're here. We thought to include just one, but it's difficult to choose. ◊


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Note: This is the 2014–2015 edition of the eCalendar. Update the year in your browser's URL bar for the most recent version of this page, or click here to jump to the newest eCalendar.
Composition : Analysis of advanced orchestration techniques. Various orchestration theories and practices used by composers, particularly in the twentieth century including the study of extended techniques.
Terms: Fall 2014
Instructors: Harman, Christopher (Fall)


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It can be extremely intimidating to go to college because of all the things you must be aware of. This article can make things easier for you by offering college tips and advice.
Have a good supply of toiletries on hand. You'll go through these toiletries pretty fast through regular use. Bulk purchases avoid this situation and keep your costs down, too.
When preparing for college, create a list of what you'll need. It makes more sense to arrive well-equipped rather than having to ask Mom and Dad for items each week. This is especially important if you'll be far from home.
Always eat a good breakfast before going to class, especially if you have a test. Even something small like a yogurt or apple can help. Your stomach can be a huge distraction when you are trying to take a test. Eating before a test will keep your body and mind energized and focused on the work at hand.
Be sure to make use of local transportation. Normally it is faster to ride the bus than driving. This will also save you the hassle of having to find a non existent parking spot in the full campus lot. You don't have to pay for gas and parking passes. It is also great for the environment.
You should get to know the professors of your classes. Professors are the most important resource and can help you get on your way. Also, ask questions if you are unsure of a certain topic. Forging favorable relationship with professors can lead to improved grades and opportunities; don't underestimate their importance.
Even if college seems really difficult, the reward of a diploma is well worth it in the end. Use the things you've learned here, and take advice from others that have already been there. As tough as getting there may be, you will see how much it was worth it when you graduate.
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Councillors set to make decision on Watton homes plan
PUBLISHED: 12:00 23 August 2010 | UPDATED: 10:57 16 September 2010
A controversial planned housing development on the northern edge of Watton will be recommended for refusal when councillors discuss it next week.
Hopkins Homes wants to build 91 homes on three patches of grassland off Saham Road, ranging from single-bed flats to four-bed houses.
A controversial planned housing development on the northern edge of Watton will be recommended for refusal when councillors discuss it next week.
Hopkins Homes wants to build 91 homes on three patches of grassland off Saham Road, ranging from single-bed flats to four-bed houses.
The 3.2-hectare site falls outside the defined settlement boundary for Watton, and was assessed as unsuitable for development during Breckland Council's Local Development Framework (LDF) consultations.
But earlier this month, councillors were told greenfield sites had to be considered for housing if developers could prove they were "available, suitable and achievable" - because the district could not meet its five-year land supply targets until preferred LDF sites were formally adopted.
It sparked fears of a "developer's gold rush" if decision-makers were bound by policy to accept housing plans on previously protected sites.
But planning officers have advised that the Hopkins scheme should be rejected as it was "contrary to local and national planning policies that seek to restrict new housing development outside development boundaries".
Other reasons for the recommendation include flood risk concerns and doubts raised by Anglian Water over whether the sewerage system could cope with the extra houses.
A report by principal planning officer Nick Moys says: "Despite a number of positive aspects, concerns about drainage infrastructure raise fundamental questions about the suitability of the site for development at the present time.
"The shortcomings of the proposed housing mix and assessment of flood risk reinforce this conclusion, though it is acknowledged that these matters could be addressed respectively by changes to the housing mix and the submission of additional information/revised drainage proposals."
The application has generated 28 letters of objection and a petition signed by more than 30 opponents.
Watton Town Council also asked for the plans to be refused because the site was not allocated for development and could overburden local infrastructure, causing traffic and flooding problems.
The proposals include the construction of a new access road and the provision of a public open space. Most of the 91 dwellings would be two-storey buildings, and 36 would be provided as affordable housing.
Mr Moys' report says the scheme was generally well-conceived and its visual impact would be "relatively self-contained".
Breckland's development control committee will discuss the application on September 1.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Watton and Swaffham Times. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


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NOTE: The following is the prepared text for an address given this past Sunday by Einsiedeln's Br. Thomas Fässler at Saint Meinrad's Monte Cassino Shrine. Each Sunday during May and October, pilgrimages in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary are held at the shrine, about a mile from the Archabbey. The services include hymns, a litany, rosary procession, and a short address on a Marian topic. The title of Br. Thomas' talk was "Einsiedeln: Life at a Marian Shrine." Having completed his year-long studies here, Br. Thomas will be returning to Einsiedeln in Switzerland in several days. Next school year, another monk from Einsiedeln--Br. Phillip--will join us. It has been a real pleasure having the former here, and we look forward to welcoming the latter. Quite appropriately, Saint Meinrad Archabbey and its motherhouse of Einsiedeln maintain strong ties through such exchanges. On a personal note, it is difficult for me to believe that it has been almost two years since I spent the summer in Switzerland. It was one of the most special times in my entire life. I am very grateful for the experience, and send fondest greetings and regards with Br. Thomas to all his confreres at Einsiedeln. -- Br. Francis
***Einsiedeln is situated in the German-speaking part of Switzerland close to Zurich. It is an internationally well-known Marian pilgrimage site with the famous Black Madonna called "Our Lady of Einsiedeln," and the center of Swiss Catholicism. Einsiedenl attracts around 1 million pilgrims a year, operates two schools, employs more than 200 people, and a experiences a deep winter between November and April. These are just some facts about my monastery—the motherhouse of Saint Meinrad Archabbey—which I joined around six years ago.
All these facts shape our monastery and make it a unique place—as every monastery is unique. During the past year studying in the United States, I have had the enriching opportunity to visit other monastic communities. It has been very interesting to observe that all these different Benedictine communities follow the same rule—the 1,500-year-old Rule of Saint Benedict—but have many differences concerning the way it is lived. That is the reason why we always say that a Benedictine monk does not really join an order, but a monastery. And if someone has a call to a particular monastery, it does not mean that he would also be called to another place.
My community stands in a long tradition. Founded in 934, many generations of monks have lived before me at the same place, have sought God and served the people. Today, we still practice many customs which go back to the Middle Ages. Our history is very rich, as we become aware every night when we pray for deceased monks and benefactors who passed away during the last 1,078 years of our existence. We not only have a history, we also remember it!
There are a variety of jobs in our house. We serve several parishes, operate a high school, and a school of theology. We welcome and serve many pilgrims. We have a huge library, a big garden, publish our own journal, and much more. So, it is probable that during his lifetime, an monk of Einsideln will work in different jobs, using and developing different skills. I think that is one of the main reasons why my community is so lively and acts so youthful.
We also have an enriching variety in our community, since we have monks from the four different regions of Switzerland. The main language in our house is German, but one hears all four official languages in our community. Besides German, these are Italian, French, and Rumantsch—a very old language between Italian and Latin. Of course, to encounter different mentalities is an enriching experience, but it sometimes is also a challenge.
Our community also faces other challenges. First of all, we haven't had any new vocations for almost five years. Therefore, the community is becoming smaller and smaller. When I joined the monastery six years ago, we had around 90 monks. Now, we are down to 62. Of course, it is sad, very sad, to see our community becoming smaller, even though I don't think that we will all die off in the near future.
While we become few in number, the amount of work we must do does not lessen. Therefore, many of monks have to do an incredible amount of work—or we have to employ more people. The latter solution brings another challenge with it, which is apparent at the end of every month when we have to pay the salaries of all these people.
It is also very expensive to live in big, old monastery. Our carpenters, roofers, electricians, painters, blacksmiths, and plumbers always have enough to do! We also need bigger restoration projects. Right now, for example, we are trying to restore the huge square in front of the abbey church, which, next to the St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, is the biggest church square in Europe. Having just enough money from the revenues of our work to pay our daily bills, we would never have enough money to pay for these large projects ourselves. Therefore, we are always searching for sponsors who are willing to support us. It is very impressive to see how many people—even from America—are willing to help us for the sake of the people and in honor and glory of God.
With this help and, of course, with prayer to God and the Blessed Mother of His Son we are confident in handling all these challenges and that we will continue to chant in our beautiful church for many decades to come!
-- Br. Thomas Fässler, O.S.B.
* To learn more about Einsiedeln, check out the abbey's website (in German) by clicking here
** To learn more about Saint Meinrad's Monte Cassino Shrine and its history, click here


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Part of being part of a large group is dealing with several smaller circles within that group. Think of the last wedding or family reunion you went to: there was a small committee that put together an event that a large group of people showed up to. With over a thousand people participating in Runnerhub, that is a lot of work to throw on a couple of shoulders.To make the job of operating Runnerhub and the associated subReddits and Wiki pages easier, as well as continue to put forth the quality games you the players want, founding members and concerned volunteers have created the following Table of Organization.
We have divided the structure of Runnerhub's staff into 6 bodies. These are five Divisions, and the Executive Board.
These Divisions have responsibilities to each other and to Runnerhub as a whole. While these Divisions are solely responsible for items in their area of focus, they do interact frequently. Members may be part of several Divisions, although we do try to ensure that volunteers only lead one Division at a time. We have listed the Divisions below, and a brief summary of what they do.
You can contact Runnerhub Moderators (and most GMs) via this link: Runnerhub ModMail
Character Creation Division (CCD):
This Division is usually the first that new players come into direct contact with. The CCD is the Division responsible for character approval. Their duties include:
- Reviewing all new characters that are submitted to r/hubchargen.
- Grant feedback on characters.
- Feedback will take the form of either "Required" or "Suggested".
- Required changes must be addressed or the character will be declined. This includes changes needed to make the character legal, to prevent the character from diminishing the fun of other players, or to adhere to the Shadowrun Setting Standards Sheet (SSSS), among others.
- Suggested changes are merely suggestions such as optimization or better flavor.
- Feedback will take the form of either "Required" or "Suggested".
- CCD will compile and maintain the SSSS with input from Thematic Division.
- CCD can be reached via the link: Character Creation Mail
Thematic Division (TD):
The TD is responsible for the integrity of the RunnerHub setting and any current events taking place in that setting. Think less directors of photography, and more executive producers: the focus is on consistency within the big picture. This will include:
- Ensuring that characters acceptably conform to the standards of the setting.
- Runs do not unrealistically implement new developments.
- Major overarching plot developments have a unified thought process behind them.
TD will also have the authority to award GMPs (Game Master Points) at their discretion for any activity that they deem to improve RunnerHub. This includes the GMPs for the GM of a run, as well as ensuring realistic rewards for any run's threat and/or effort. No one else has the ability to hand out bonus GMPs or rewards obtained outside of a run / solo session. TD is also responsible for approving or denying run proposals.
Thematic Division can be contacted via the following link: Thematic Mail
Rules Division (RD):
The RD is responsible for clarifying ambiguous rules or designing new rules where the current Shadowrun system fails to meet expectations and needs. Any clarifications or house rules for mechanical effects will be designed and maintained by RD; no other division has the authority to make rulings.
Should a player, GM, or administrator have a question or dispute about a rule, then they must submit a ticket with RD by contacting them.
Please note that the RD is not available for "on the spot" rulings. Members of RD may be available for guidance for GMs if needed, but their individual responses do not override anything listed in the existing Shadowrun 5e Core Rule Books or RunnerHub House Rules.
For specific questions, use the above link - for general questions, contact them at: Rules Mail
Interpersonal Division (ID):
The ID is the Division responsible for the satisfactory interactions between any people on RunnerHub. Their duties include:
- Approval of all new GMs.
- Mediating any disagreements between people that are not rules disputes or flavor disputes. Note the following clarifications, however:
- ID is not here to handle annoyances. An individual will never get along with every other individual in a community due to differences of opinion, and there is nothing ID can do to change that. Having a disagreement is not a reason to seek out ID; there must be sufficient disagreement or ongoing conflict to justify involving ID.
- If you answer 'Yes' to any of these questions, the issue falls under ID's purview:
- Was I personally insulted?
- Will this issue have a permanent effect on my character?
- Is this a repeated issue?
- ID's job is to solve issues, not to assign blame. ID will attempt to sort out the event in question and resolve it, and they will actively attempt to refrain from placing blame.
- ID does not exact retribution for anyone.
- ID has the power to assign temporary bans of up to one week to any person on RunnerHub should an issue in question warrant such a response.
- A permanent ban may be motioned by ID, but the Executive Board will have to ratify such a move.
- A member of ID can issue a strike to a disruptive member as a warning if they think the situation warrants it. At least one other member of ID needs to agree with this assessment for the strike to take effect.
- Once a member has been issued 3 strikes a ban will be issued. At first this will be temporary ban, generally for 7 days. After another 3 strikes another ban will be issued, with the duration extended to 14 days, and so on. Depending on the situation ID may make a motion to the Executive Board to make the ban permanent after the second ban.
- If a member is issued a strike but shows no more disruptive behavior and isn't issued any more strikes for 3 months, the strike will be removed. Previously issued strikes may also be removed after another 3 months each.
- Please note that this system is specifically meant to be used in cases of general misconduct. More severe misconduct, for example intentionally abusing the honor system, can have more immediate and drastic consequences.
- Contact ID at the following link: Interpersonal Mail
Upkeep Division (UD):
The UD is responsible for the efficient organization and dissemination of all Divisions and Executive Board business as well as the maintenance of previously developed RunnerHub content & standards. Any public notification, query, or update will be reviewed and approved by UD to ensure that official RunnerHub communications are efficient and organized. The UD is responsible for maintaining:
- The sidebar of all RunnerHub related subreddits
- What the stickies are for the related subreddits
- Any guides are under the direct control of UD.
- Permissions list to access ShadowSea will be handled by UD.
- UD also handles requests from the players to the Divisions and Executive Board.
If you have a concern, comment, or thoughts on improving Runnerhub, please contact ModMail or UD directly.
Executive Board (EB):
The EB is a separate body from the rest of Runnerhub's staff. Unlike the Divisions, it must specifically have five members at all times. Members of EB do not need to be members of any other department, although they are welcome to be. EB will have the following responsibilities:
- They must meet once a month in a format of their choosing to discuss the state of Runnerhub. Prior to the meeting, they may ask any department to make a report on its ongoing functioning over the past month.
- They are free to give any nonbinding advice that they feel the need to share with a department. EB can only make recommendations; they cannot enforce anything nor make any rulings or decisions for a department.
- With a four-fifths vote, they may force a leadership change in any division.
- They must approve any permanent bans through a four-fifths majority vote.
- Should an organization-changing decision need to be made, each department may make its own recommendations but EB will make the final decision at its monthly meeting.
- Contact EB via this message link: Executive Board
If you have any questions about the reorganization, feel free to contact us. Any of the Divisions can be reached via Mod Mail, or the associated subreddit ModMails. We cannot address concerns if they are not made public. The Table of Organization for Runnerhub has been reorganized to better serve you, so we want to hear your feedback. Thank you for your understanding as we developed this over the past few weeks, and we hope you enjoy the new RunnerHub.


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South Midland and Southern U.S.
[ klab-er ]
/ ˈklæb ər /
milk that has soured and thickened; curdled milk.
verb (used without object)
(of milk) to curdle; to become thick in souring.
Nourish your vocabulary with a refresher on the words from the week of September 14–20, 2020!
Question 1 of 7
What does "blatherskite" mean?
Also clobber.
Origin of clabber
1625–35; <Irish clabar short for bainne clabairbonnyclabber
regional variation note for clabber
Clabber has many regional variations, including bonnyclabber and its variant bonnyclapper in the Northern and Midland U.S., thick milk in the Hudson River Valley and North Midland U.S., lobber and its variant lobbered milk in the Inland North, clobber in the South Midland and Southern U.S., and crud in some widely scattered areas.
Words nearby clabber
CJD, ck., ckw., cl, CLA, clabber, clabber cheese, clabby-doo, clachan, clack, clacker
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020
Example sentences from the Web for clabber
Then put the article to soak in another pan of milk, letting it stand until the milk turns to clabber.Fowler's Household Helps|A. L. Fowler
Simply cottage cheese left in a cool place until it grows soft and automatically changes its name from cottage to clabber.The Complete Book of Cheese|Robert Carlton Brown
I 'member choppin' cotton on Clabber branch when I wus a little boy before de surrender.
To have clabber in perfection, place in small glass dishes or bowls enough milk to make clabber for each person.Housekeeping in Old Virginia|Marion Cabell Tyree
Let it alone until it turns to clabber, and if there is any water in it, it will appear between the cream and the clabber.Health, Happiness, and Longevity|Louis Philippe McCarty


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New York
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New York, NY 10004
J.D., Seton Hall University School of Law, 2013
B.A., cum laude, Law and Society and Italian Studies, Ramapo College of New Jersey, 2010
Rising Stars, New York Super Lawyers, Thomson Reuters, 2016 - Present
Brittany L. Primavera is an Associate in the New York office of Gordon & Rees and is a member of the Employment Law practice group. She has experience representing both employers and employees in all aspects of employment law in New Jersey and New York including wage and hour actions, discrimination actions, and agency charges of discrimination.
New York
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Author: "Sleepy's: At Long Last, a Potential Sweet Dream for Remedial Statute Uniformity?" New Jersey Labor and Employment Law Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 1 at 40-44 (Oct. 2015).
Panelist: 2016 and Beyond, Turning Challenges into Opportunities for the Female Business Owner, hosted by Prudential (September 2016).
New York
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In progress
Two lights in Auton Place not working
Reported in the Street lighting category anonymously at 13:44, Tue 10 October 2017
Sent to Oxfordshire County Council 1 minute later
Street lights not working making it very dark outside our houses for several weeks now.
Thank you for your report, we have received a report re column no 1 being sporadic, however we have not had reports for any other of the lights. Can you please confirm the unit numbers you are referring to so that we may investigate.
State changed to: Investigating
Posted by Oxfordshire County Council at 14:32, Tue 10 October 2017
Provide an update
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Northern Corridor Member States, in their pursuit of facilitating trade and transport to make the Northern Corridor a smart Corridor, had instructed the Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA) Read Moreto design and implement a project aimed at establishing Roadside Stations (RSSs) along the Northern Corridor to curb the scourge of loss of lives and cargo (and diversion of goods), enhance road safety and health.
In this regard, a study has been undertaken with the objective of identifying and appraising interventions that will facilitate investment in the construction of RSSs as a way of supporting cost effective, reliable and safe conveyance of freight and people in East Africa and beyond. Recommendations of the study are now ready for implementation.
The criteria used for the selection of the location of Roadside Stations are;
- Traffic Volume
- Average driving speeds over sections of the Corridor
- Location aspects including proximity to key junctions on the corridor and the network
- Economic activities of the communities
- Availability of the workforce
- Distance between on RSS to another not to exceed 100 kilometres the RSSs
- Development projects underway/planned
- Accessibility and availability of land
- Environmental impact
- Proximity to border crossing, weighbridges and police control points
- Willingness of host community to participate in the project
- Availability of the finances
- Sustainability
According to the Study, from the 67 Road Side Stations selected as priority in six (06) Member States out of 141 identified, more than 40 of them are up for grabs. They have a good Internal Rate of Return and can be executed by Private Sector or through Public Private Partnership (PPP) framework.
Why RoadSide Stations along the Northern Corridor?
The Northern Corridor forms the backbone of transport system which links signatory Member States of Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan and Uganda to the Port of Mombasa. It is the most important trade route among the five key corridors designated by the EAC as critical to its development agenda.
It is a fact that the corridor has high traffic especially heavy commercial and long distance passenger vehicles moving goods and people across the region. The corridor over the years has had the highest cases of road accidents, most of which can be attributed to the heavy trucks and buses. Safety on this corridor has been a concern for many stakeholders. Long distance drivers face many challenges: long working hours which leads to fatigue, loss of concentration and poor health all of which are major contributors to accidents. Additionally, the corridor lacks the requisite facilities to ensure that long distance drivers safely take resting breaks.
The RSS program comes to enhance road safety and health along the Northern Corridor using RSS as a launch pad. Other benefits include socio-economic development and income generation for surrounding communities.
Facilities that attract investment in Roadside Stations
The main functions of the RSS will include providing secure parking yards for transit vehicles as well as rest facilities, restaurants, information centres and outlets for amenities needed by truck crews, long distance passengers and local communities.
Kenya has already gone ahead and started to set up a framework for investment in RSS. Indeed a Task Force established by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure proposes that the Government should embark on the marketing and developing of two (02) pilot RSS namely; Sultan Hamud and Salgaa which will act as models for the roll out of the program on the entire corridor network.
As an illustration, according to the study, for the two (02) Pilot Large RSS selected in Kenya; Sultan Hamud and Salgaa, have a high private financial potential. This means that the RSS is totally feasible from a financial perspective and Public Private Partnership (PPP) considerations: globally financially feasible and bankable, and therefore could be of interest to private investors.
Sultan Hamud RSS
Sultan Hamud is being proposed to be developed as a large RSS. The Task Force through the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Settlement has identified land in Sultan Hamud that belongs to Kenya High Ways Authority (KeNHA). The piece of land is currently used to store construction material and equipment which will soon be removed. Kenya High Ways Authority (KeNHA) has expressed willingness to lease out the land to National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA), for the construction of RSS.
The land is within town and 200 meters from the highway which guarantees ease of access to water and power. There is also a sub district hospital near the site where Wellness centre functions could be provided.
Salgaa RSS
Salgaa is being proposed to be developed also as a Large RSS. The land is still in the process of identification. Discussions are under way with Nakuru County Government to donate some of the land set aside for the construction of the RSS.
The RSS study came up with Financial and economic viability indicators for all RSS sites along the Corridor. These Indicators were meant to guide decisions on attracting private sector interest and as a basis to show the future economic potential and incentives for investors.
For implementation, it is recommended that:
- The Government acquire land at the identified sites to facilitate the Prospective Developers.
- To facilitate further detailed financial evaluation of the RSS and due diligence for the concessioning and development of the sites.
Salgaa and Sultan Hamud RSS are to be developed as pilot Road Side Stations. Since land is readily available in Sultan Hamud, this RSS will be presented as a model for investment opportunity during the investor's conference to be held on 28th April 2015, at KICC, Nairobi.
Sultan Hamud is strategically located for truck and long distance buses stop, hence an ideal resting place for most truck drivers on transit from and to Mombasa Port. Sultan Hamud RSS will have sufficient parking spaces for trucks and buses as the land identified is large enough to accommodate a large RSS Design. The Sultan Hamud RSS will have emergency response and wellness facilities to cater for the long distance drivers and effectively respond to accidents.
Regulatory and Legal Framework for RSS
The RSS will be supported by appropriate legislation as well as health and safety interventions. As proposed by NTSA, the RSSs will be operated through a concession.
The Government of Kenya, through the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, has authorized NTSA as the Concessioning Authority, to facilitate the establishment of the Road Side Stations, their operation and maintenance through a concession on Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) basis for a concession period of 20 years. In simple terms, Land and RSS Sites will be provided by the Government to avoid speculation.
The Financing model should also include the formation of an Institution to manage the revenues generated by the RSS.
With the aim of facilitating and providing timely and accurate information on concession and land matters, the Government will set up a Steering Committee as one-stop centre, which will be constituted as follows;
- Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
- Ministry of Land, Housing and Urban development
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) Unit
- Kenya High Ways Authority (KeNHA)
- National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA), and
- Northern Corridor Transit and Transport Coordination Authority (NCTTCA)
Similar structure will be adopted in other Northern Corridor Member States.