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Publication Date
Whether the goal is to improve or predict consumer decisions, understanding human judgment and choice processes long has been recognized as an essential component in the study of marketing. Though several reviews of judgment and choice research have been published recently (Abelson and Levi 1985; Einhom and Hogarth 1981; Pitz and Sachs 1984; Slovic, Lichtenstein, and Fischhoff 1985), relatively little attention has been given to the growing body of knowledge on consumer (including industrial buyer) judgment and choice. Consumer judgment and choice researchers face unique conceptual, contextual, and methodological problems that warrant special attention.
Required Publisher Statement
© American Marketing Association. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Recommended Citation
Johnson, M. D., & Puto, C. P. (1987). A review of consumer judgment and choice [Electronic version]. In Michael J. Houston (Ed.), Review of marketing 1987 (pp. 236-292). Chicago: American Marketing Association. Retrieved [insert date], from Cornell University, School of Hospitality Administration site: http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/articles/424/


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Dangerous Linux Vulnerability is discovered by security researchers. An integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation creates a numeric value that is outside the typical range that can be represented, this can give results that lead to unintended behaviour within the application. The exploit could allow an unprivileged user to gain admin access to the system. The security researches also released a proof of concept (PoC) showcasing how major distributions are affected.
The vulnerability discovered by Qualys, the cloud-based security provider, could affect all versions of the kernel released between July 2007 and July 2017, covering the Linux, Red Hat, CentOS and Debian operating systems. The vulnerability has been dubbed "Mutagen Astronomy" and has the potential to be very dangerous if exploited successfully.
The vulnerability is an example of a local privilege escalation, wherein the memory tables can be exploited by attackers who have gained access to the system, and then can install malicious software that will gain root access to the system, allowing them to control of the system. The exploit would only work on 64-bit systems, since 32-bit systems do not have a large enough address field to exploit the flaw.
On 31 August 2018 Qualys reported their findings to Red Hat, who assigned it a high severity CVSS score of 7.8. Since the investigation, Red Hat have started to release security updates to target the issue. The Mutagen Astronomy vulnerability also does not affect Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 installed on the Linux Kernel.
Until a full patch has been released, Red Hat Enterprise Linux users can apply a temporary fix which is available through this customer portal page and are encouraged to do so. (https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2018-14634)
[stackCommerce layout="2″ count="5″ sort="best_sellers"][/stackCommerce]

subset: commoncrawl


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The Circassians in Israel (Hebrew: צ'רקסים, Adyghe: Адыгэхэр) refers to the Circassian community who live in Israel.
The Circassians in Israel are Sunni Muslims, they tend to put an emphasis on the separation between their religion and their nationality. Israel has about 4,000 Circassians, who are mainly centered in two villages of Kfar Kama and Rehaniya.
The Circassians arrived in the Middle East after they were expelled from their homeland in the northern Caucasus. The Circassians, who fought during the long period (see the Russian-Circassian War) wherein the Russians captured the northern Caucasus, were massacred and expelled by Czarist Russia from the Caucasus. The Ottoman Empire, which saw the Circassians as experienced fighters, absorbed them in their territory and settled them in sparsely populated areas, including the Galilee.[2]
The Circassians exiles established the village Rehaniya in 1873, and the village of Kfar Kama in 1876.[3]
Nowadays, the Circassian community in Israel is well integrated into Israeli society, speak Adyghe (in addition to learning Hebrew, Arabic and English in elementary school), while cultivating their unique heritage and culture.[4]
The Israeli Circassians have had good relations with the Jewish community in Israel since the beginning of the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel, in part due to the language shared with many of the First Aliyah immigrants from Russia who settled in the Galilee. The Circassian community in Israel helped the migration (Ha'apala) of Jews from Lebanon into Mandate Palestine and fought on the Israeli side of the War of Independence.
As is the case with the Israeli Jews and the Israeli Druze population groups living in the state of Israel (except for the Druze population living on the Golan Heights), since 1958 all male Circassians (at their leader's request) must complete the Israeli mandatory military service upon reaching the age of majority, while females do not.[5] Many Circassians in Israel are employed in the Israeli security forces, including in the Israeli Border Police, the Israeli Defence Forces, the Israeli Police and the Israeli Prison Service. The percentage of the army recruits among the Circassian community in Israel is particularly high.
The entrance to the Circassian village of Kfar Kama in the Lower Galilee
The Circassian village of Rehaniya in the Upper Galilee
The mosque in Kfar Kama
The site of the abandoned Circassian village which was established in 1860 by Circassians from Bulgaria and was eventually abandoned due to the spread of Malaria
Circassian men in traditional clothes in Kfar Kama
Israel, Caucasus, Association football, Hebrew language, Crusader states
Turkey, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Adyghe language, Turkic peoples
Jerusalem, West Bank, Hebrew language, Tel Aviv, Syria
Arabic language, Israel, Jerusalem, Hebrew alphabet, Ethnologue
Quran, Islam, Hadith, Islam by country, Shia Islam
Russia, Syria, Turkey, Circassians, Ottoman Empire
Russia, Krasnodar Krai, Caucasus, Circassians, Adygea


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This summer has been awesome for new makeup releases it seems. I'm a huge fan of the low maintenance makeup look that summer is well known for. I'm all about sheer coverage, getting my glow on, and a five minute makeup look. I have been obsessed with Jane Iredale lately, and the brand has two winning products out for summer that I think you'll love. I for one have been using them both a ton! Read to the bottom and then head to Instagram for your chance to win one of them for yourself!
The cornerstone of any summer makeup look in my mind is a natural looking bronzed glow. If I could only wear five things in the summer time on my face it would be a sheer foundation, blush/bronzer combo, mascara, lippie, and a brow pencil. When I'm going subtle on the makeup the emphasis should be on healthy looking and glowing skin. The Jane Iredale Rose Dawn Bronzer has me covered on that front.
Rose Dawn comes as a refill pack with the refillable compact being sold separately. It's kind of a bummer that they don't come together because it does make it kind of a costly investment with the bronzer being $44 and the compact being $18. Ouch! I do believe what you are getting warrants the price tag though, because in the few weeks I've had it I can barely put it down.
So, what's so special about Rose Dawn? You can use these shades swirled together like I am using them, or you can use them as an eyeshadow. I love the mix of the cool pinks and bronzes and how they complement my fair (but slightly tanned) skin tone, giving me just a little bit of warmth. I love that it's blush, bronzer, and highlighter on me at the same time. The effect is very pretty and comes across very subtly and gives a natural looking glow. I recently recommended this to a friend who thinks the Becca highlighters are just a little much on her skin. This will still illuminate the skin, but the shimmer is a lot finer so it really looks like you are lit from within rather than lit up like a disco ball. If you feel like you have seen Rose Dawn before, you may have! It was redesigned into different packaging, but Jane Iredale has carried this previously.
Alongside the launch of Rose Dawn comes the LipDrink SPF 15 Lip Balm in a new shade, Flirt. It doesn't have a ton of color payoff, but it has the lightest sheen and makes my lips feel so hydrated. As it wears off over time, my lips still feel moisturized and it leaves a faint shimmer behind that is so flattering and gorgeous. It has a light hint of lemon, and is so refreshing for summer! I love that it has SPF. A lot of my lip balms don't and while I don't always seek out SPF in my lip products, I probably should.
I'm really digging Jane Iredale lately, and was excited to see them carried at the Ciel Spa in Las Vegas last month when we went. I haven't seen them in any stores since, but you know how it goes, once you get into a brand you start seeing them everywhere! I am particularly loving how subtle a lot of their products are- they're not VAVOOM but they look really naturally gorgeous ad that is exactly the look I am going for in my 30s. These particular products have the rose vibe going, which has made me pick up a long neglected palette, Naked 3. I love when a new makeup product inspires me to dig out old things that aren't getting used. They also pair beautifully with the Modern Renaissance palette (review), which is getting a ton of mileage at my house at the moment!
If you'd like to win a Lip Drink for yourself, I'll be giving one away to a winner on Instagram this week, so head over!
Have you tried any of the new Jane Iredale products? What do you think of the brand?
*Press sample sent for consideration, affiliate links in use.


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OSC Edge is an equal opportunity employer. We accept our responsibility to make employment decisions without regard to race, color, creed, religion, age, national origin, ancestry, citizenship status, sex or gender, (including pregnancy, childbirth and related medical conditions), gender identity or gender expression (including transgender status), sexual orientation, marital status, military-service or status, veteran status, physical or mental disability, protected medical condition as defined by applicable state or local law, genetic information or any other classification protected by applicable federal, state, and local laws and ordinances.
If you are an individual with a disability and require a reasonable accommodation to complete any part of the application process, or are limited in the ability or unable to access or use this online application process and need an alternative method for applying, you may contact 1-877-672-1025 ext.700 or firstname.lastname@example.com for assistance.
Applicants and employees of OSC Edge are protected under Federal law from discrimination on several bases. Follow the links below to find out more.


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|Sat, Feb 1, 2020 - Sat, Feb 29, 2020
|Breckenridge Tasting Room
|Reservations Required (970) 771-3443
Here is your chance to be a winemaker for a day! Enjoy a special tasting of multiple wine red varietals. Then, with help from our professional staff, craft your own unique wine blend using authentic vintner equipment. Think of this as high school chemistry with wine! Finish your experience by blending, bottling, corking and labeling your custom wine for the perfect high country souvenir. Create a single bottle, multiple bottles, or several cases to take home or share at a special event. A great group activity! Event Fee (including your custom bottle of wine) $85. Offered daily, except Saturdays. Reserve now by calling 970-771-3443.
Keep up to date on the latest wine releases, events, and promotions and get 10% off your next order.


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Indians of Central America -- Guatemala
Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Sarg Family Photograph Album
Identifier: Image Archive-Album-051
Scope and Contents 1880s-1900s. A family album containing 13 original silver gelatin and platinum print photographs (6 1/2" x 5"), plus 19 photographic reproductions. There are two platinum prints of the house occupied by their friends the Maudslay's. The images provide views of the family's home and properties in Coban, Guatemala and parts of Mexico. A list of manuscript captions are most likely in Mary Elizabeth Parker Sarg's hand. 32 total images.
Dates: 1880s-1900s


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Despite some increased religious diversity, the 116th Congress that was sworn in on Thursday remains predominantly Christian—at rates higher than that of the general U.S. population. By analyzing self-reported data, Pew Research Center found that 88 percent of Congress members are Christian, compared to 91 percent in the previous Congress. In the general public, by comparison, 71 percent of American adults say they're Christian.
Pew summarizes: "While the number of self-identified Christians in Congress has ticked down, Christians as a whole—and especially Protestants and Catholics—are still over-represented in proportion to their share in the general public. Indeed, the religious makeup of the new 116th Congress is very different from that of the U.S. population."
Out of the 11 congresses for which Pew has collected faith-related data, the 116th has the fewest Christians (471) and the fewest Protestants (293). For its purposes, Pew categorizes Protestants, Catholics, Mormons, Christian Scientists and other groups as Christians.
Diversity Emerges in 116th Congress, Especially Among Democrats
Of the 253 Republican members of Congress, only two don't identify as Christians; both are Jewish. But of the 281 Democratic members, 61 don't identify as Christians. Of those, 32 are Jewish, 18 didn't specify a religion, three are Hindus, three are Muslims (including the first two Muslim women in Congress), two are Buddhists, two are Unitarian Universalists, and one is religiously unaffiliated.
Pew notes: "By far, the largest difference between the U.S. public and Congress is in the share who are unaffiliated with a religious group." Only Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., identifies as religiously unaffiliated, yet 23 percent of the general public identify as atheist, agnostic or "nothing in particular." (Sinema, 42, also is the first openly bisexual Congress member.)
Rep. Jared Huffman, D-Calif., one of the 18 Democrats who didn't specify a religion, says he's a humanist and not sure God exists.
Still, "Christians remain over-represented in both parties' congressional delegations compared with their coalitions in the general public," Pew states. In Congress, 78 percent of Democrats are Christians, while among the general public 57 percent of registered Democrats are Christians. And 99 percent of Congressional Republicans are Christians, while among the general public 82 percent of registered Republicans are Christians.
Data wasn't included for North Carolina's 9th District, where allegations of election fraud have kept results from being certified. The Republican candidate, Mark Harris, is a Southern Baptist pastor.
Additional Findings About Congress Members' Faith
According to Pew, most Christians in Congress are Protestants. Those include 72 Baptists, 42 Methodists, and 26 each of Anglicans/Episcopalians, Lutherans and Presbyterians. Of the 534 members of Congress, 163 (or 30 percent) are Catholics; that's down five members from the previous Congress.
Among Protestants, the largest gain is in Congress members who didn't specify a denomination. One Protestant group that's under-represented is Pentecostals, with just 0.4 percent of Congress but 5 percent of the general public.
Six percent of Congress members are Jewish, though just 2 percent of the general population adheres to that faith.
Only 10 members of Congress (1.9 percent) are Mormon, "a low over the last six congresses," notes Pew. Among the general public, 2 percent of Americans are Mormon. Prominent Utah Republican Senator—and 2012 presidential candidate—Mitt Romney was recently critical of President Trump's character.


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Heating & Furnace Installation Metairie LA, Marrero LA & the greater New Orleans area
If energy efficiency and cost savings are at the top of your wish list, this is the perfect time to invest in a new heating system. Today's furnaces pollute less, boost comfort and produce more heat for less cost. The wide range of options in home heating allows you to select the right furnace for perfect temperature control. When you call Express Heating and Air Conditioning, we deliver the leading brands in HVAC, partnering with American Standard and Daikin for top-of-the-line equipment, cutting-edge technology, proven reliable and the maximum efficiency. Our installation specialists have the technical competency, product knowledge and experience to ensure long-lasting comfort.
Furnaces have significantly increased efficiency levels over the years. A gas furnace from approximately thirty years ago has an AFUE of about 65%. As of now, the lowest efficiency allowed by law for new gas furnaces is 78%. Express Heating and Air Conditioning provides our valued customers near total efficiency, offering models with up to 97% AFUE. By upgrading your furnace, you can potentially save $17 for every $100 spent on fuel. You'll also be less likely to face inconvenient repairs, and should something go wrong, warranty coverage has greatly improved in recent years as well.
[Man Cave featuring exposed duct work]
Selecting an Appropriately Sized Furnace for Your Home
When sorting through the many options available, size matters a lot. The furnace's specifications should exactly fit your needs. A too-small furnace won't keep your house warm and comfortable during the Harvey winters. A furnace that is too large will frequently cycle on and off, putting excess wear and tear on components, wasting energy and may even cause temperature to vary uncomfortably.
To be certain of proper sizing and reliable installation, call Express Heating and Air Conditioning. Our certified technicians will take the time to calculate your heating needs according to industry standard, taking into account weather extremes, and the size, design and construction of your home. We'll inspect ductwork, making sure it is clean and clear of debris, and take exact measurements for sheet metal fittings. If you are also interested in products that work with your furnace to improve indoor air quality, like humidification or UV treatment systems, our knowledgeable professionals would be happy to discuss options.
Our 30-Day Guarantee on Heating System Installations
Express Heating and Air Conditioning offers up-front pricing and written proposals that have guaranteed pricing for 30 days. While our staff has expanded, Express Heating and Air Conditioning remains a small business, and our team of highly-trained and committed professionals continue to bring the best solutions in HVAC to our friends and neighbors. Our team of highly-trained and committed professionals continue to bring the best solutions in HVAC to the Greater New Orleans area.


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Bloomfield Irrigation is divided into 3 Precincts.
Precinct #1- Porter Wash East
Precinct #2- Porter Wash West to 1st Street
Precinct #3- 1st Street to end of the ditch
BID diverts water from the San Juan River a few miles down stream of the Navajo Damn Spillway.BID then carries the water 42 miles to the end of the ditch located East of Bloomfield
Copyright © 2017 Bloomfield Irrigation District - All Rights Reserved.
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We are pleased to release a Request for Applications for the third annual School-Justice Partnerships Certificate Program: Fostering Success for Youth At Risk. The 2015 and 2016 programs, run in partnership with the American Institutes for Research, have been two of our largest and most successful to date.
This year's program will be held from September 25-29, 2017 at Georgetown, and will highlight the experiences of local youth and expert practitioners nationwide, as well as provide in-depth training on school-based and cross-system policies and practices, culture change and leadership, and family, youth and community engagement.
We look forward to welcoming participants from schools, courts, juvenile justice, law enforcement, child welfare and other child-serving agencies and partners, and working with them to address the educational and related needs of children known to, or at risk of entering, the juvenile justice system in their jurisdiction.
Access full information here.
Georgetown University 3300 Whitehaven Street, NW, Suite 5000 , Washington, DC 20057, États-Unis
Georgetown University 3300 Whitehaven Street, NW, Suite 5000
Washington, DC 20057, États-Unis
Precio: 2500 USD Etats-Unis Dollars
Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile (OIJJ). Fondation Belge d'utilité Publique
Tous droits réservés
Siège: Rue Armand Campenhout, nº 72 bte 10. 1050. Bruxelles. Belgique.
Téléphone: 00 32 262 988 90. Fax: 00 32 262 988 99. email@example.com


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I admit, I have a problem with buying pretty wall hooks. I have several on display in our main floor bathroom as decor, and I have three hooks by the front door for hanging necessities (like my purse). I've been collecting more of them for the past year or so with the intention of hanging them in my bedroom. Finally I had enough for a nice looking display, and I decided to hang some necklaces since I didn't have any proper jewelry storage for them. Plus, they just look pretty. 😉
First I chose a layout.
I hung them on the wall next to my armoire with just a hammer and nails.
I added the necklaces and boom! – instant wall decor. Gotta love functional art!
The hooks are from Anthropologie, Marshalls, and Hobby Lobby.
I love it.
And I may be one (small) step closer to finally being done with this room!
Do you decorate with hooks in your home?
Recent Awesome Posts:
* Pretty in Paisley {Romance- Themed Furniture Makeovers}
* 100+ Craft Projects to Inspire You
Join the GITG Community
When you join this thriving online community of 90,000 creative souls, you'll be inspired to discover hidden artistic talents and learn skills to boldly face DIY projects with confidence.
You'll also receive my free guide "Just Paint It: 7 Tips for Transforming Furniture with Confidence."


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After the reaction to last week's close to home topic, I decided to keep that theme going for this week's Murder Monday. I'll skip all the personal banter about why I took an interest in this murderer, because he definitely doesn't deserve any more thought than was already required for this – and he is the fucking worst.
Philly folk, buckle up. I'm here this week to tell you about…
Philadelphia's House of Horror
And all about this asshole, Gary M. Heidnik.
Gary Heidnik was born to Ellen and Michael Heidnik on November 22, 1943, in Eastlake, Ohio. After his parents divorced, Gary Heidnik and his younger brother Terry were placed in the care of their father and his new wife. Heidnik claimed to have been emotionally abused by his father and that he suffered life long symptoms of this abuse (bedwetting, ect.) His father later denied these accusations. According to classmates, during the time Heidnik spent in school he was confrontational to other students. Other counts also state that he was bullied for his abnormally shaped head, which he apparently acquired from falling out of a tree as a child. (if your kid falls and hits their head, please do your best to make sure they aren't showing early signs of sociopathy / homicidal tendencies *please*) One even recalled that he would tell other students they were not "worthy enough" to speak to him. Although he was the odd man out, he was an academic star with a tested I.Q of 148. He went on to a Military Academy at the age of 14 as encouraged by his father, but dropped out two years prior to graduation. He then spent another period in public school, but dropped out again and joined the U.S Army at the age of 17. After 13 months of service, he was rejected for numerous specialist positions that he applied for. Eventually, he was transferred to the 46th Army Surgical Hospital, where he was trained as a medic. Although he seemed to be a great fit for this position, and had just earned his GED – Heidnik wasn't doing so great after all. In 1962 he began complaining of nausea, blurred vision, dizziness, and severe headaches. A neurologist then diagnosed him with gastroenteritis- and later noted that he also displayed signs of mental illness and prescribed him Trifluoperazine. Shortly after this Heidnik was transferred to a military hospital in Philadelphia, PA, where he was diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder and was honorably discharged from the military. He went on to become a licensed practical nurse and enrolled at UPenn, but dropped out yet again. Ironically, he worked as a psychiatric nurse for a span of time, but was fired for being rude to patients and for his poor attendance. After this last failed endeavor, Heidnik found himself in and out of psychiatric hospitals with a recorded 13 suicide attempts. Meanwhile, his brother Terry was also suffering the effects of mental illness, with various recorded suicide attempts. In 1970, their mother committed suicide by drinking mercuric chloride.
What comes next? Surprise – Heidnik found religion. (*Eternal eye roll*) In 1971, Gary Heidnik started a church. The "United Church of the Ministers of God" initially only had five followers.
Heidnik opened a bank account under the churches name, and eventually amassed over $500,000. By 1986 the church was more than wealthy. He appointed himself a bishop, apparently invested in Playboy magazine, and drove a Rolls-Royce. (I find all of this very hard to believe, internet.)
Heidnik was arrested for the first time and charged with aggravated assault after shooting a potential landlord with an unlicensed pistol.
Gary M. Heidnik signed his girlfriend's sister out of a mental institution, took her home, and kept her locked in his basement. He raped and sodomized her, and gave her gonorrhea. After she was found and returned to the institution, Heidnik was arrested and charged with kidnapping, rape, false imprisonment, involuntary deviant sexual intercourse, and interfering with the custody of a committed person. She was also mentally disabled. Heidnik's sentence was overturned and he was released in April 1983 under the supervision of a state-sanctioned mental health program.
But this wouldn't stop him.
In '86 at the peak of his thriving church scam, Heidnik met his wife through a marriage service. Betty Disto moved here from the Philippines in September 1985, married Heidnik in October 1985, and left him in January of 1986. During their marriage, Betty claimed that he repeatedly raped and assaulted her, and that he would often force her to watch as he engaged in deviant sexual acts with other women. Before she left him he had impregnated her, and she gave birth to his child in September of 1986. Heidnik had a total of three children from three separate women, one of which was mentally disabled – the sister of the mentally disabled woman that he had previously been arrested for abducting.
It gets worse.
3520 North Marshall Street, Philadelphia, PA
In November of 1986, he began collecting victims in his home. His captives, who were all African American women and mostly mentally disabled, were raped, beaten, and tortured….. and worse.
In the course of a year, Heidnik abducted six victims and kept them in his dungeon-like torture house. Two of the six women did not survive. Sandra Lindsay was the first to die in his basement, from a combination of starvation, torture, and an untreated fever. To hide her body Heidnik dismembered her, continued to cook her ribs in the oven, and her head on his stove top. This created a foul odor, and the police were notified. Somehow, this asshole was able to convince the police that he "burnt a roast" – and his torture spree continued.
"I'm cooking a roast. I fell asleep, and it burnt."
Sandra Lindsay's arms and legs were found in his freezer in a bag marked "dog food." He ground up the rest of her remains, combined it with real dog food, fed it to his remaining victims, and himself. During his trial his defense attorney Chuck Peruto said that there was no evidence in any of his kitchen tools that he had done this with her remains, Peruto claimed he had made up the cannibalism story to support his insanity defense. She was the second to be kidnapped.
Deborah Dudley was the second to pass, after he had forced the girls into a water filled pit in his basement and then electrocuted it with a live wire. It is said that Deborah Dudley put up a strong fight towards Heidnik since her abduction, more so than the other girls.
Dudley's body was found in the Jersey Pine Barrens – just like everyone elses body's in the 80s.
Josefina Rivera, Jacquelyn Askins, Lisa Thomas, and Agnes Adams survived the house of horrors.
Josefina Rivera
Josefina Rivera was abducted on November 26, 1986. She had just left her home after a fight with her boyfriend, and decided to try and flip some tricks (sexual favors) to attain some extra cash to buy her family Thanksgiving dinner. She found herself in a Cadillac Coupe De Ville with a man named Gary, he took her to a nearby McDonald's where he bought a coffee and she watched him drink it. She noticed that he wore an expensive watch and drove a luxury car, but that his clothes were soiled. She asked where they were going, and he said they were going to his house. Upon arrival, Josefina noticed another car in his driveway – a 1971 Rolls Royce. For a soiled man living in a run down neighborhood, he sure had fancy things. They entered his home through a variety of locks and keys that he explained to her were to prevent anyone from entering (red flag!) and they entered through his kitchen, which was decorated with pennies glued to the walls. He offered to watch a movie with her, but she declined. He led her to a room upstairs, through a hallway that had been decorated with $1 and $5 bills, handed her a $20 bill, and hopped into bed with her. They're act was short lived, and she stood to dress herself. Heidnik came up behind her, choked her, restrained her with handcuffs, and led her to the basement where he put her ankles in metal clamps attached to a chain connected to a ceiling. He meticulously added glue to her shackles and dried them with a hair dryer. He then explained to her that he had planned to get ten women, impregnate all of them, and that he wanted a big happy family. Josefina had numerous escape attempts, all of which were failed, and even though she could see a window, her screams outdoors were muffled by a radio set on a loud classic rock station near the window.
Lisa Thomas
Lisa Thomas was abducted three days before Christmas on Lehigh Avenue, she was 19 years old and on her way to a friends house. He initially proposed a sexual favor, but then apologized and offered her a ride. She felt safe getting into his vehicle because he had apologized nicely and had an impressive car. He gave her a ride to her friends house, and suggested that when she was finished that the two of them go grab dinner. She agreed, he waited outside for her. When they were out to dinner, he suggested they take a trip to Atlantic City the next day, but she said she had nothing to wear. Heidnik took out a $50 bill and took her to Sears to buy some new clothes. They went back to his house afterwards, where he gave her a glass of wine and put on a movie. She became drowsy from the wine mixed with her allergy medication, and she woke up to Heidnik undressing her. He took her upstairs, and raped her for the first time. He then choked her and lead her to the basement where he told her he would be introducing her to two of his friends – Sandra, and Josefina. He lifted a plywood sheet off of the floor, revealing a pit with the two girls inside. He introduced the three girls and brought them sandwiches, but would not let them eat until he "indoctrinated" Lisa. After Lisa satisfied him, he chained her up like the others, and went upstairs. The women ate their meals and talked amongst themselves.
Ten days later he returned home with Dudley, and shortly after returned with Jacquelyn Askins. It is said by the survivors that his behavior became increasingly more violent after he had brought home the feisty Deborah Dudley. He began demanding the girls to beat eachother and preform sexual acts upon one another while he watched. He would often pick one girl at a time, force them to control the beatings, and then preform sexual acts on the one in control. He also began beating them until the agreed to eat dog food and crawl on all fours.
Jacquelyn Askins
On January 18th, Heidnik picked up Askins on the North side of the city and brought her home. She was a sex worker. He took her upstairs, sexually assaulted her, and took her to the basement like the others. He tried to shackle her ankles, but they were so small he had to use handcuffs instead. Later that day, he brought everyone Chinese food and Champagne to celebrate Josefina's 26th birthday. Clearly, she had become his favorite. They were also celebrating the fact that Heidnik believed two of the girls, including Josefina, to be pregnant with his children.
The girls watched Sandra and Deborah meet their deaths, and lived to tell the horrors. Sandra was punished and hung from the ceiling by a single shackle on her wrist and force fed with her mouth held shut while she choked for several days. He cut her up in front of the girls when she passed, and let his dog come down to play with the remains that he had used as "dog food" for the other girls. Shortly after, he showed Deborah the remains on the stove when she was acting out. He then led her downstairs for shock therapy, killed her in the water pit with a live wire, and forced Josefina to write on a piece of paper that she had assisted in the shock treatment of Deborah Dudley. Heidnik said that he could use this as evidence for the police if he was ever caught, and that she would be blamed.
Agnes Adams
Following Dudley's death, Josefina became Heidnik's sidekick of sorts. She helped him dispose of Dudley's remains in the pine Barrens. He then told her that they would need to find a "replacement" – they went out on the prowl, and came across Agnes Adams. Both of them had already known Agnes, Josefina had worked with her in a strip club, and Heidnik had picked her up on street corners and engaged in sexual acts with her in the past. They took her home after negotiating prices, Josefina waiting downstairs as he did his usual of taking the new girl upstairs and assaulting her before leaving her to the basement. Josefina convinced Heidnik that she had helped him find a replacement, and the two developed a bond – but she had a plan all along.
March 24th 1987
Josefina Rivera convinced Gary M. Heidnik that if he drove her home, she would return to him with another wife for "their collection". He was anxious, but the two made a strict plan and set it into action and he was to pick her and his new wife up from a gas station later that night. Josefina ran to safety after exiting his vehicle, and called 9-1-1.
March 25th 1987
Around 5pm on March 25, a police squad under the supervision of Homicide Lieutenant James Hansen, arrived at 3520 North Marshall Street. One of the first officers to enter was David Savage, he and his partner officer McCloskey followed Josefina Rivera's lead to the basement after knocking down the front door. They entered the horror scene that was Gary Heidnik's basement and found Askins and Thomas in thin blouses and socks, chained to the ceiling. They woke and screamed, and the officers assured the girls that they were here to help them. Thomas directed them to the sheet of plywood on the floor, where they found Adams squatting in the pit naked. They took the girls to an amulance and began searching the house.
In the kitchen the police found a yellowish fatty substance lining the pots on the stove, and an industrial food processor that looked to have been used for raw meat. They found what seemed to be a human rib in a dish inside the stove, and a forearm in the fridge. Police excavated his yards to check for human remains but found none.
Although the house did not depict a man of wealth, it was discovered that Heidnik did in fact have $550,000 in a Merril Lynch stock market investment account.
Gary M Heidnik was arrested at a gas station where he was waiting for Josefina to return. His reported best friend Cyril Brown was also arrested, but was released on 50,000 bail after agreeing to testify against Heidnik. Brown admitted to having witnessed the death and dismemberment of Lindsey. Shortly after his arrest, Heidnik attempted to hang himself in jail, and failed.
This dude was god damn cockroach.
At his arraignment, he claimed that the women were already in his house when he moved in. (Seriously?) At trial, Peruto attempted to prove Heidnik's insanity but this was successfully rebutted with the fact that the man had managed to amass $550,000 in his bank and brokerage accounts – and clearly was of some sort of functional mental capacity if he could do this. Testimony from a Merrill Lynch financial advisor was also used to prove competence.
"Heidnik was an astute investor who knew exactly what he was doing."
Betty Heidnik (Disto) and her daughter (his ex wife and child) – filed a suit in federal court seeking a stay of execution on the basis that he was not competent to be executed. After two years of proceedings, this was denied and the way was cleared for Gary M. Heidnik's execution.
July 6, 1999
Heidnik was executed by lethal injection, and his body was cremated. Gary M. Heidnik was the last person to have been executed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Suck it, Heidnik.
Honestly I usually have some sort of point to make in reference to these murders but in this case I'm just gonna keep it real real-
Trust no one, be terrified of every one and everything, because people like this exist. Everywhere. Your neighbor could be a cannibalistic rapist attempting to run a baby mill out of his basement… and if you live in Philadelphia – you live REAL close to your neighbors.
….Have a nice week? See you next Monday? Maybe?


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While we were expecting to see television's fresh catch – Zara Noor Abbas – as Shabbo in Parey Hut Love (PHL) on Eid-ul-Azha, it comes as a surprise when Wajahat Rauf announced that Mehwish Hayat and Zara Noor Abbas will be seen in his forthcoming untitled feature film which is supposedly a romantic comedy.
Speaking exclusively to Something Haute, Zara Noor Abbas tried to keep it all hush-hush as she was reticent to disclose more about Wajahat's project. What we know for sure is that she is paired opposite her husband, Asad Siddiqui.
"I had certain preconceived notions about a husband and wife working on the same project. I expected that arguments and banters are bound to happen when partners work together as you tend to act like a husband and wife rather than co-actors. Surprisingly enough, it wasn't like that at all. Asad and I are so comfortable with each other on sets,†Zara said.
"I am more of a prankster on sets and he is not. Asad told me that we are seeing a new side of each other. It's so funny because we have been married for a year and we had no clue how each of us behave at work. We joke and tease that 'ye unprofessionalism nahi chalega ya makeup pe bohat time le rhe ho' [This unprofessionalism will not work or your makeup is taking too much time],†she said.
Wajahat's film happened right in between when she was shooting for PHL. Which film will be her debut is still under wraps as it is not clear yet when Wajahat Rauf is planning to release his film.
"I always tell everyone that I have learnt everything from Asim Raza's school as I have worked with him first. Asim and Wajahat are on a completely different scale as directors, but both of them are highly professional,†Zara shared.
Read: Mehwish Hayat and Zara Noor Abbas will feature in Wajahat Rauf's third film
Talking about why she opted for a supporting role in PHL, Zara has a different take on choosing scripts.
"My role in Wajahat's film is very different from what I have done as Shabbo in Parey Hut Love. People in our industry hesitate to take supporting roles, but I think the only pre-requisite is that a role has to be well-written. I recently saw Gully Boy and look at Kalki Koechlin's character in it; she wasn't playing the lead but she was so impressive. International actors see beyond these concepts. They want a character who takes the story forward and perform in a way that people will remember it. That is why Indian cinema is strong because they take good actors in every role,†Zara said.
Another significant reason was to break the monotony of characters that Zara has played in dramas so far.
"At this point in time in my career, I really want to get out of that 'damsel in distress' persona that I have been playing again and again. Khamoshi was a hit and I appreciate it, but I have done the same character over and over again in the other two dramas. So, my arc was identical in all of them. I am not growing as an actor,†she said.
The actress, like her husband, also wants to explore the digital world of web-series. "It would be interesting to work on a story with only 12 episodes, rather than at least 24 episodes that we shoot for a drama,†she said.
This led us to talk about Deewar e Shab, Zara's next drama serial in which Bushra Ansari will be playing the role of her mother and Asma Abbas will be essaying the role of her maternal aunt. (Indeed a confusing role reversal!)
"I am playing a courtesan who sings and dances in mehfil. They are artistes, but the neighbourhood condescendingly calls them 'ganay bajanay wali aurtein'. I had to work on my dialogue delivery as it needed a musical tone, so it was a different learning curve altogether,†the actress shared.
How was it working with her mother and aunt in a drama?
"I felt like I was at home. Khala baal sahi kr rhi hein, Amma dupatta sahi kr hein… I was their center of attention on sets. I felt embarrassed that people will think that Zara is behaving like a star. Though it was important to work with such exceptional actors, but I have realized that they love me overwhelmingly,†Zara added.
Moving forward to the buzzword of current times i.e. nepotism, Zara thinks that only talent survives in the entertainment industry.
"Sajal and Iqra don't have any backgrounds, yet they have made it big on sheer basis of their talent. The only advantage I have as an insider is that I have access to the right people through my mother and khala. However, as a result directors/producers will meet you nicely or invite you to social gatherings, but you will only get work if you're capable of performing. I have a privilege in comparison to girls who are struggling to get the first opportunity, but it will only take you so far,†Zara said.
A graduate from Beaconhouse National University, Zara has studied filmmaking, film design and theatre as a minor subject too. However, she believes that the craft of acting is inborn. "Intelligence and academics are two different things. Academic knowledge will help you understand the technicalities of the craft but you have to be smart enough to use theoretical concepts for practical purposes," Zara said.


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Want a little more drama added to your dress, without overdoing it? The classic, yet bold teardrop bouquet may be the perfect fit.
Absolutely stunning with all roses, the bouquet will make the most impact by using a single colour. This picture of my bride is from years ago, but I still adore it! The teardrop manages to be timeless and trendy without even trying.
A friendly word of caution — if you must have this bouquet, be prepared for its weight. Saying it is heavy may be an understatement! Although, I do find that adrenaline-filled brides don't really notice, but it is still something to consider.
—Amber, Cool Green & Shady


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Financial aid is awarded under the assumption that the student will attend for the entire semester. Students who receive financial aid and find it necessary to withdraw from all classes may be required to reimburse a percentage of funds received. This is a separate calculation from the institution's tuition and fees refund policy.
Federal Title IV funds recipients are subject to the "Return of Title IV Funds" Policy which is based on the percentage of the enrollment period completed and the amount of Title IV aid disbursed.
If the student receives Title IV aid, the refund percentage follows the federal policy listed above.
If the student does not receive Title IV aid, the following percentages must be returned to the appropriate funding source, based on the withdrawal date determined by the Registrar (specific dates for each semester are published by the Registrar's Office):
Summer Session:
Note about waivers: DHHR, HSTA, SOCW match new tuition after refund.
Students must contact the Academic Success Center to officially withdraw from the university.
For students that cease attendance and do not complete the official withdrawal process, the university must determine the last date of attendance and do a refund calculation if the date is during the refund period. If a student who began attendance and has not officially withdrawn fails to earn a passing grade in at least one course, the university is required to assume, for Title IV purposes, that the student has unofficially withdrawn and the last date of attendance must be determined and a refund calculation completed if the date is during the refund period.


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What does it mean to accompany? Why do we do it?
I pose it because there is a lot of accompanying going on right now at St. Margaret of Scotland, especially with regard to the new school leadership search.
- We accompany by way of our Novena of Accompaniment for the School leadership search – these nine days of prayers and reflection questions born of our mission, that many are sharing together, and many others are participating in from afar.
- We celebrated a Mass of Accompaniment on Saturday, when priest and deacon, ministers and congregation, young and old blessed the committee members, lifted voices in song, and shared homeward prayers.
- Those on the committee are accompanying Fr. O'Toole at the search table.
- Those rest of us are accompanying the whole effort by our prayers, our questions, our presence.
But do we even know what we're doing? I ask again:
What does it mean to accompany? And why do we do it?
Merriam-Webster defines accompany as "to go with as an associate or companion." The etymology, or linguistic roots, of accompany highlights the active tense: "to make someone a companion or associate". These are also offered: "to be in company with, to attend." Here are some possible take-aways:
- The "active" stance of accompany calls forth our shared place in the search.
If we accompany the search committee, we actively participate in the search process; if the searchers accompany prayer, they actively participate in prayer. We make the committee, and the search itself, our companion; and the committee makes of prayer and the pray-ers its companion. Together we search; together we pray; and the communication that we share binds us more closely in companionship, that relational version of companioning, whose synonym is fellowship.
- Accompany carries with it the call to attend, or "stretch towards" (Latin root, ad- and tenere).
For yogis among us, stretching means lengthening spines, sending hips skyward, and drawing pressed hands to heart center. In accompanying prayer, we, all of us, are asked to stretch our minds, bodies, and spirits towards the search, towards the committee's collective efforts, towards the communal effort of praying, towards finding the next school leadership. This has meant showing up, as often as possible, to attend to the needs of our community in prayer and in the work unfolding at the table. It means giving space for our youth to articulate the anxiety of their hearts in this time of unknowing. It means listening to voices that engage us in the dialectic between mission values and practical action even when it feels uncomfortable. It means honoring that which resonates in our current situation and reaching beyond for the next, the other, the one.
- Accompaniment as "being in company with" aligns us with our Eucharistic selves.
"To companion" derives from the Latin (com- and panis): literally, "to break bread with another." For Eucharistic people, this has implications. Prayerful accompaniment of this search means we "break bread" with those who search, and with those who pray; with the committee, with the community, and even, with the searched for known-now and not-yet. All of us, across time and space, together, deriving the path forward from our source and summit.
Most obviously, we do this when we celebrate Mass together. We allude to it when we pray novena prayers together. But we channel it also when we eat youth group pretzels together; when we parse job descriptions together; and when we await crumbs together. This bread we break is the gift of Christ among us, with we Christ's hands and feet and voices and ears. We live, are crucified and resurrected in the very likeness of God.
So, What is this and why do we do it?
We accompany because we are accompaniment itself: bread, even the most humble of crumbs, blessed, broken, and shared for the life of this community, and for the life of the whole world.
All of our work, all of our presence, all of us brings us closer to the future our loving God intends for the community of St. Margaret of Scotland.
Be with us, won't you? As you are, wherever, whenever, and whoever you are?
We welcome your company.
-Mary Lisa Penilla, 2/19/19


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Little Known Facts About Hair Growth Product.
Indicators on Hair Growth Product You Should Know
Ingredients-wise, well, there's no discussing Hair Surge shampoo without mentioning caffeine. No, a shampoo containing caffeine doesn't mean a bottle-full of coffee grounds – or a cup from yesterday's pot – but rather caffeinated compounds integrated with essential oils and ketoconazole. Why caffeine? Because several studies show that caffeine causes hair follicles to grow more rapidly than with using other hair-loss ingredients.
And, in case you're wondering, you can't just skip the shampoo and drink excess amounts of coffee to prompt your hair growth. That is, unless you plan to drink over 100 cups of coffee a day (please don't do it), which is what you'd have to drink to get any hair-beneficial results.
Some users report noticeable hair regrowth after only using Hair Surge for three months (remember, hair growth doesn't happen overnight). Other reviewers said that it works particularly well for regrowth around the hairline. Another reason to like Ultrax Labs Hair Surge shampoo is that it's effective for men and women.
Type: Shampoo Can be used alone or along with your regular shampoo. Years of proven results. Helps keep your hair and scalp healthy. Doesn't foam as well as some hair-loss shampoos. There are plenty of good products to choose from when it comes to hair loss and hair growth shampoos for men and women.
Hair Growth Products Can Be Fun For Everyone
They put years of research into developing their Hair Surge shampoo, and all that hard work has paid off with excellent results. Let's get back to ketoconazole for a moment. It's the primary hair loss/hair growth ingredient found in Nizoral A-D Anti-Dandruff shampoo and it's an ingredient in many other hair products.
For one, ketoconazole fights fungus on the scalp; fungus which inhibits hair growth and may cause hair loss. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that are good for scalp health. If seborrheic dermatitis is one of the causes of your hair loss, then products with ketoconazole – such as Nizoral's A-D Anti-Dandruff Shampoo – are worth serious consideration.
Best Hair Growth Products Things To Know Before You Buy
And you know how dandruff is: an unwanted visitor that shows up on your clothes at the worst possible moments (not that there's ever a good moment to get dandruff). Nizoral A-D prevents the flaking, itching, and scaling associated with dandruff. As it turns out, ketoconazole is an effective dandruff fighter as well as taming fungus and inflammation on your scalp.
Some Known Questions About Hair Growth Products 2019.
Ketoconazole binds to the natural protein of your hair so that it keeps working between your uses of Nizoral A-D. We also like that it's gentle on your hair – gentle enough that it's suitable for color-treated hair, as well. Type: Shampoo Proven to fight dandruff and hair loss. Fights fungus on your scalp.
8 Easy Facts About Hair Growth Products 2019 Described
Some reviewers wish it came in a bigger bottle. Thousands of users on Amazon give Nizoral A-D Shampoo a 5-star rating (out of 5 stars), so it must be pretty good. And it is, especially for fighting hair loss while helping to rid of dandruff. You'll see results even if just using it twice a week, as recommended.
Examine This Report about Hair Growth Products
You'll find this shampoo on many lists of the best hair products, and it stands out from many of the others because of its long list of natural ingredients. I mean, we're talking coconut oil, jojoba oil, green tea extract, sage best hair growth product oil, rosemary oil, and so forth. But its three ingredients to focus on are Biotin, castor oil, and emu oil.
Let's take a closer look at the other three: Biotin – As mentioned, many experts suggest that hair loss is, at least partly, the result of a Biotin and zinc deficiency. Biotin is an essential water-soluble vitamin that's also known as vitamin B7 – which is sometimes referred to as the hair growth vitamin.
Castor oil – Castor oil is one of those home remedies you heard your grandparents talk about – if anyone still uses it as a home remedy, that is. Not to disparage it, however, because it has been used for centuries to treat skin disorders, constipation, and now its virtues for helping to promote skin and hair health are well known.
Best Hair Growth Product Fundamentals Explained
And emu oil is one the most effective, natural oils for fighting inflammation. The list of Liopgaine's ingredients is long, indeed, but combined they create a gentle formula that's free of harsh chemicals, that's safe for all hair types and color-treated hair, and is designed for both men and women.
Easy to apply. Non-greasy water-based formula. Must use consistently for best results. Lipogaine is a trusted name when it comes to promoting hair growth while lessening the effects of hair loss. This shampoo is safe, full of natural ingredients, and ideal for both sexes. DS Laboratories, which manufactures the Spectral DNC-N hair loss and hair growth treatment, is all about innovation.
Their Spectral DNC-N treatment certainly bolsters the company's reputation for innovation and state-of-the-art technology. One of its main ingredients, Nanoxidil, is garnering a lot of attention in the hair product industry and is said to be more effective than Minoxidil on its own. Nanoxidil and Minoxidil perform the same functions of reducing hair loss while promoting hair growth, but Nanoxidil eliminates some of the potential Minoxidil side effects.
The same clinical trial also showed that 93% of Nanoxidil users experienced decreased hair loss, while 83% had hair regeneration. The major difference between Nanoxidil and Minoxidil is in their molecular structure. Nanoxidil has a larger molecular weight, which means it's better absorbed by the skin. You'll find other important hair growth ingredients in the Spectral DNC-N, including caffeine, biotin, azelaic acid, and copper peptides.
10 Simple Techniques For Best Hair Growth Product
You can also use it with the Spectral.F7 Efficacy Booster, which reduces hair loss caused by stress. Type: Minoxidil spray Provides the benefits of Minoxidil without potential side effects Easy to http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hair growth product apply Non-greasy water-based formula Must use consistently for best results Spectral DNC-N represents a new way to stimulate hair growth while decreasing hair loss.


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Leadership of the industry 4.0: How to develop?
The fourth industrial revolution is here to stay. Faced with an industry in which machines, professionals and the market have changed, new demands have emerged. So, in this context, what is the role of the 4.0 leader? Leadership 4.0 must accompany the social trends of diversity, individualization, digitalization and globalization. In addition, the internal demands of employees must also be taken into account: responsibility, autonomy, safety, flexibility and integration in the company.
"It's part of this role of leadership skills to develop skills as a collaborative spirit, to learn and develop new skills, to be innovative, to communicate well and to solve complex problems", says Felipe Morgado, executive manager of Professional and Technological Education of SENAI.
Therefore, today's demands require dynamism, networks and, also, active and empathetic cooperation between managers and teams. In that sense, organizations can help identify and develop next-generation leaders. This is possible by adopting a competency-based leadership approach. Look at some of them!
Essential skills for leadership 4.0
Social intelligence
Social intelligence is very broad but can be seen as a comprehensive and dynamic action in social situations, so it must be exposed to different types of people and social situations, for example. In addition, work itself can also be useful for the development of social perception. Developing the ability to involve others in an action is also essential. Interpersonal skills
Here, the aspect of social effectiveness is more oriented towards the construction of relationships. The development of interpersonal skills requires an effort to become an active and attentive listener. That is, in Leadership 4.0 it's necessary to work on the conversation and be shown, in practice, open to criticism, suggestions and dialogues.
Emotional intelligence
To develop emotional intelligence, the ability to relate with others and understand their own feelings, it's important to practice reading non-verbal cues from employees. This is especially aimed at emotions. You must also learn to control your own emotions, avoiding impulsive and harmful behaviors in the workplace.
Conflict resolution
This is a skill that helps avoid or resolve conflicts of an interpersonal nature. When members of an organization are in conflict, leaders are usually called for the purpose of judging. However, the ability to avoid or resolve your own conflict situations is also involved in this.
Decision making
The ability to make good decisions or lead a decision-making process is among the key competences of the 4.0 leader. A good leader knows when decisions must be made and when partners and subordinates should be consulted. In addition, one must know how to recognize when others should be included in the process. The best way to perfect these skills is through study, courses, simulations and, especially, experience.


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In any industry, quality is paramount. This holds true for the software industry too. As global shipments of software rival or even exceed the manufacturing sector by leaps and bounds, Quality Assurance in software is as relevant as it is the manufacturing.
Software testing is defined as an investigation that is conducted to provide key stakeholders in an organization with specific inputs about the quality of the software product or service that is being developed.
Software testing can also provide an independent view of the quality of the software to allow the stakeholders to understand the risks of implementing the software that is being tested.
Software Quality Assurance ensures that the product produced is of acceptable quality and conforms to industry norms.
Software quality and testing can also cause loss of life and property as showcased by the recent example of a software glitch in the Boeing 737 Max aircraft pilot guidance system, which resulted in a plane crash and the irreplaceable loss of hundreds of lives.
In the software industry, Quality Assurance is more commonly known as Software Quality Testing or Software testing. Software testing is the process of ensuring that the software delivered to the customer is of acceptable quality and performs as desired.
Software that has been extensively tested are more stable than untested software and showcase reliability, predictability and use limited resources.
Well-tested software is also not as prone to instability, data theft and data loss. For enterprises, software quality is especially important as many enterprise workflows are completely dependent on the software that they run in.
Software testing methodologies
Software testing can be broadly categorized into two different methodologies – Manual testing and Automated testing.
Manual testing implies testing of software by software test engineers and professionals. They test and verify various aspects of the software according to test cases and test plans. Many software requires to be tested by test engineers for many changes for which automation test scripts cannot be created easily.
Typical examples are color rendition, user experience and design. Manual testing is relatively low-cost compared to automation testing but is labor intensive and subject to human error and bias.
Automation testing is the creation of automated test scripts that allow software to be tested without human intervention. Repetitive, labor intensive tasks like data input validation and unit tests can easily be automated by test engineers to ensure that these are run every time a new change is made to the software code without requiring the assignment of an engineer to test that change.
Automation testing requires specialized teams that are adept at creating test scripts according to the automation testing suites used by their organization. Their requirement of specialized software and teams make automation testing costlier to implement.
Automation testing typically pays off in the long run as automation scripts written by specialist testers typically manage to uncover a much higher number of bugs compared to manual testing.
Software vendors adopt need-based testing methodologies and use a combination of manual and automation test strategies to ensure that the software they publish is error free.
Software Testing Techniques
Software testing techniques can be divided into three categories:
Black Box Testing – Black box testing is testing the software by emulating the end user. This testing technique assumes that the tester is the end user of the application and tests the interface without being concerned about the internals of the software that is being tested.
White Box Testing – White Box testing is testing the software at the structural level, verifying the internal workings of the software and the integration of various components of the software. White box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and the system levels of software testing processes.
White box testing techniques include the following:
API testing: Testing of the software by utilizing public and private programming interfaces.
Code Coverage: Testing the software to ensure that all statements in the program are run at least once.
Fault Injection: Introducing faults intentionally to test the robustness of the software
Mutation testing: Altering the source code to find and remove redundancies. This can include testing values (constants), decisions (relational and logical operators) and statements (editing code to check if code has been copied).
Dynamic testing: Executing the source code of the software to ensure that the response to variables is consistent.
Static Testing: Testing the source code and its accompanying documentation without executing the code.
Grey Box Testing: Grey box involves performing black box testing while having access to the source code of the software to ensure that informed tests can be run to determine boundary values and errors. Grey box testing implements intelligent test scenarios that are based on the access to both source code and the user interface.
Read here how to Ensure a seamless experience to your user with Mobile Application Testing!
Types of testing
Software testing can be divided into many types. Each type has its own need, requirements, advantages and disadvantages. Software testing is primarily divided into functional and non-functional types.
Functional tests are run to ensure that the software under test conforms to the software requirement specification.
Functional testing types include:
Unit testing
Unit testing involves testing independent modules of the software. This test is usually run by programmers to test the code that has just been compiled.
Integration testing
Testing all modules of the software to ensure that they work in conjunction with each other. This testing technique is especially important in distributed systems.
System testing
Testing the entire system as per the software requirements.
Sanity testing
Sanity testing tests if the planned functionality is working as expected
Smoke testing
Smoke testing checks if the software is ready to be tested thoroughly.
Interface testing
Interface Testing determines if two different components of the software are able to communicate with each other.
Regression testing
Regression testing is testing the application as a whole to test a new change in functionality.
Beta/Acceptance testing
Acceptance or User Acceptance testing involves testing the software against its requirements to test if the end to end flow is as per the needs of the user.
Non-Functional testing involves testing the non-functional requirements of software to determine its performance, usability, and reliability.
Non-functional testing types include:
Performance Testing
Performance testing is done to check if the software performs up to set standards and performance requirements.
Load testing
Load testing is done to check the behavior of the software under specific load conditions that might cause performance degradation.
Stress testing
Stress testing involves testing the application to figure out the breaking point of the application.
Volume testing
Volume Testing involves testing the performance and processing speed of the system with an unusually large data set or high volume.
Security testing
Security testing involves testing the data in the software against intrusions, malware attacks and exposing any loopholes in the security of the software.
Compatibility testing
Testing a software under diverse system configurations.
Install testing
Testing the installation/uninstallation process of the software.
Recovery testing
Recovery Testing involves pushing the system to crash and testing its capability to recover from such situations.
Reliability testing
Reliability testing involves testing whether the software can perform a failure-free operation for a specified period in a specified environment.
Usability testing
Usability testing involves testing if the software can easily be understood by the end user.
Compliance testing
Compliance testing involves testing the software according to set norms to check if the software adheres to those norms.
Localization testing
Localization testing involves testing the multi-lingual ability of the software.
Software testing levels
Levels in software testing are the different stages of the software development lifecycle where testing can be conducted and implemented. Bringing your software to test early on in the software development lifecycle can ensure that your product performs better as it will be well tested.
Software testing levels include:
Unit Testing
Unit testing involves testing the smallest testable portion of a software which can be compiled, linked, loaded and tested individually. This test is performed by developers to ensure that each part of the software performs as intended.
Integration Testing
Integration testing involves testing the flow of data from one component of the system to another. This test checks if various modules of the software perform as intended when tested as a group. This test level also validates if the software is ready for system testing.
System Testing
This testing level involves testing the entire system to see if it behaves as intended and meets the requirement specification.
Acceptance Testing
Acceptance testing involves testing the software against delivery specification of the system to ensure that everything works as intended for the end user.
Building a software testing strategy
According to Wikipedia, a test strategy is an outline that describes the testing approach of the software development cycle. It is created to inform project managers, testers, and developers about some key issues of the testing process.
This includes the testing objective, methods of testing new functions, total time and resources required for the project, and the testing environment. As it is with any other aspect of a business, software testing also involves following a set strategy to ensure that business and product goals are met.
Factors that a business must consider while choosing a software testing strategy:
Risk management
As risk is considered paramount during testing, therefore it is important to consider the various risks and their levels. For a mature app, regression is a critical risk that must be considered. For a new app, a risk-based strategy can expose many problems at the outset.
Stakeholder objectives
For a testing strategy to succeed, it must meet the needs of the stakeholders. If, for example, uncovering the maximum number of bugs prior to release is important, a dynamic testing strategy would make more sense compared to a static testing strategy.
Team Capability
No two individuals are equal. Taking that into consideration for test teams is a wise thing to do. A standard compliance strategy is a good option when your testing team has varied skill levels.
Product Requirements
Many contract-based software have standardized requirements that leave little or no margin for change. For such situations, an analytical software testing methodology that uses the requirement specification as a yardstick is apt.
Business Requirements
When a legacy system is being refactored or entirely reengineered, business requirements call for using a model-based strategy that can leverage existing knowledge to create an effective test strategy.
In some cases, compliance is mandatory for a software to be used by the end user. In such cases, methodical strategies can be used to ensure that compliance needs are considered and met.
There is no hard set rule towards choosing a software testing strategy, however, the strategy chosen should according to the needs and the requirements of the project and the organization as a whole.
A robust software testing strategy ensures that testing is performed at all technology stack levels to ensure that the system works well as a whole.
Some points to consider for testing strategies include:
Fix time
If testing leaves no time for fixing issues, it defeats the whole purpose of testing the software. Test plans should leave time for both fixing and retesting to ensure that defects can be addressed in the same release that they are tested in.
Leaving testing for the last moment can cause unnecessary delays or force the QA team to release a buggy build in the market.
Allowing teams to take ownership of the defects uncovered during the testing process helps developers to understand the reason for the testing process and for the testers to take ownership and drive the product to success rather than passing the buck and trying to blame issues on the other team.
Unscripted tests
Scripted tests limit the number of bugs that can be uncovered. Any tests that can easily be scripted must be automated. Manual testing should be limited to testing the system using creativity and exploration to try and uncover as many bugs as possible.
Documentation and reportage
A well-documented software requirements specification allows testers to test better. A well-documented bug report can do the same for developers by ensuring that less time is spent in communicating back and forth just to gather basic information about the bug that has been logged.
Test frequency
Testing software as frequently as possible ensures that both development and test teams stay motivated and end up with a much smaller kitty of bugs to address at the last moment. This also helps in controlling the product backlog.


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An age-defying body cream to help hydrate, smooth and revitalise.
Calming Prickly Pear and omega-rich Olive and Avocado Oils boost the natural moisture barrier to refine and smooth the skin.
White Wine, Beech Bud and Olive Oil Fractions, naturally high in Squalene, help nourish, condition and protect elasticity.
Jojoba Oil
Olive Oil Fractions
Vegetable Protein Complex
Avocado Oil
Shea Butter
Olive Oil
Beech Bud
Prickly Pear
Vitamin E
White Wine
Full Ingredients
Aqua, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil*, Algae, Olea Europaea Oil Unsaponifiables*, Glycerin, Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein, Persea Gratissima Oil*, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter*, Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, Olea Europaea Fruit Oil*, Fagus Sylvatica Bud Extract, Opuntia Ficus-Indica Stem Extract, Tocopheryl Acetate, Vitis Vinifera Seed Extract, Wine Extract*, Lecithin, Tropolone, Carbomer, Caprylyl Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Hydroxyacetophenone, Citric Acid, Parfum.
*Organic Ingredients.
Directions for Use
Massage into skin with firm, upward, circular movements until fully absorbed.
Join our Sicilian Skincare Community - be the first to hear about launches, discounts and news straight from the farm. Enjoy 10% off your first order!


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(By Ronald Robinson) Crazed, snarling terriers chasing passing hubcaps have a better chance of coming away from the exercise without serious injuries than do too many of radio's yapping apologists. According to some stout defenders of music radio's status quo, radio's position is, essentially, fine and dandy and righteously rosy. It isn't — even as money is being made.
Now, I am willing to speculate how many commercial music stations — because they are extremely healthy in their marketplaces — are still close to the philosophical, programming precipice as are many more of the under-performing outfits. But, that's hardly sayin' something. I do suggest, however, even they are risking grievous injury while they are out there frolicking in highway traffic. As we all know, highway traffic doesn't play favorites.
Before getting into related matters, my general rant has been about how radio has been severely underutilized. Further, satisfying explanations are not being provided. Even as reasonable justifications are unavailable, my so-called "hatred of radio" has been dumped out as compelling evidence of an undeniable rationale.
Advisory (1.)
Much of the materials upon which I have been basing my premises, strategies, and methodologies for radio have been available beginning around 1976. They were provided as information to enhance the efficiency, productivity, and ease of application to those primarily in the counseling professions — the shrinks, psychologists, and coaches of the day. So extraordinarily effective were the methods, that a major psychiatric association sued the authors of the original material to keep the information out of the public domain.
Advisory (2.)
It is my intention to keep on professing the critical need for radio's on-air and copywriting communicators to radically increase their communication (linguistic) skills to the degree where they will become more influential and, perhaps, as importantly, to where they become even more listenable to any station's audience. This is doable and is not a pie residing in some yonder sky.
With that in mind, Welcome to The Lazy U Ranch. (And by "U," I mean: "YOU.") I have always allowed that "You" is an effective word in getting a listener's attention. But the impact lasts for about a nano-second — tops. After that, the consequences are toxic, dangerous, and extremely off-putting.
Applying the "You" has been, and continues to be, the go-to and most often applied approach in broadcasting. The alternatives (and there are many) have been considered with a barely fleeting indifference as well as outright derision, particularly when challenges are being provided. Further, applying the "You" is an incredibly lazy approach. Hence, The Lazy U Ranch.
To be clear: The promotion of the body of alternative, more effective linguistic works is a horse I am willing to kick until it rises from the track with a jock [sic] on its back — scorching down the stretch — just in time to win the Music Radio Derby. I have, indeed, been putting the boots to this ornery nag.
Consistently applying the "You" generates a number of negative responses in a member of a radio audience:
– It acts as another unwelcome jolt to the listener's current, subjective experience.
– It forces them to decide if the "You" is actually they.
– When the included content assures them that it doesn't – and it seldom ever does – the listener is compelled to generate another response. Those of us that toil in the mind-molding trade like to call this new experience for the listener a state of "Pizzdoughedness." This is hardly a desirable state to which an audience member should be triggered into arriving. No good for the communicator. No good for the advertiser, and no good for the station.
Having already jerked a listener around with such a blunt and invasive targeting tool (You), we then ratchet up the assaults and/or insults by continuously telling this unknown, unspecified individual what to do. We make demands for behaviors. Instead of massaging, influencing, cajoling, and yes, sometimes tricking a listener, we grab the linguistic equivalent of brass knuckles, beating on their minds with our crazy, lazy talking.
Our communications, arguably, are already mediocre enough, but we also, out of habit and tradition, are nevertheless doing a fantastic job of mentally mugging our audiences.
Ronald T. Robinson has been involved in Canadian radio since the '60s as a performer, writer and coach, and has trained and certified as a personal counselor. Email him at [email protected]


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We did it!
Devina sanghera raised £670 from 42 supporters
Start your own crowdfunding page
Closed 27/11/2018
We've raised £670 to help support the Jemus Jungkung Jammeh Memorial Nursery in The Gambia.
- Birmingham, UK
- Funded on Tuesday, 27th November 2018
What is crowdfunding?
Crowdfunding is a new type of fundraising where you can raise funds for your own personal cause, even if you're not a registered nonprofit.
The page owner is responsible for the distribution of funds raised.
The students of Jemus Jungkung Jammeh Memorial Nursery and Lower Basic School in The Gambia lack basic educational materials and supplies in their classrooms needed to help aid them in furthering their learning. To help provide the children with necessary school supplies, contribute to the new builds planned to extend the school, and pay the hard working teachers' salary, I will be participating in a daunting charity skydive on the 24th of August, in an attempt to raise at least £600 for the school. After the money has been raised, myself and other students from Solihull Sixth Form College will be travelling to The Gambia in November 2018, and will be going to the school every morning for a week, teaching children, aged 4 to 6, using a wide range of fun and compelling activities. Any donations would be massively appreciated, myself and the students & teachers at Jemus Jungkung Jammeh Memorial Nursery and Lower Basic School would be extremely grateful.
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Patrick Bartram
Nov 9, 2018
Sep 20, 2018
Stuart Newman
Sep 10, 2018
Well done
The Brookers
Aug 25, 2018
All the best!
Aug 24, 2018
Good Luck Devina! Love from Lember Sanghera & all the family!! Xx
Ben brooker
Aug 23, 2018
Raj Patel
Aug 22, 2018
Great people make things happen
Do you know anyone in need or maybe want to help a local community cause?
Create you own page and don't let that cause go unfunded!About Crowdfunding


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We were down by the Yadkin River today in a remote section of Davie County on the story you probably heard about. It seems that Duke Power is inching ever closer to ending their 30 year search for a location to build a Nuclear Power Plant in this region.
Some Reports suggest that the plant could be in Stokes County on Belews Creek adjacent to the Coal Burning plant and although published reports say that Duke Power wouldn't confirm that suggestion, they did confirm today that a Nuclear Plant will NOT be built on Belews Creek. They underlined, CAPITALIZED and BOLD FACED the NOT on their statement.
Davie County, on the other hand, is on Duke Power's list of places to put the plant. They own 1600 acres land along the Yadkin River that is currently leased to several farmers and set up as a Wildlife Refuge by the State of NC.
After spending a better part of the day gathering our usual neighborhood reaction from a selection of nearby property owners and getting footage of the perimeters of the property it was time to head out to a location by the river nearest to the Duke Property.
That's where Caron and I met up with Joe McCloskey, part time Sat Truck Driver, full time Photojournalist.(except for when his gear is locked in his news unit at a service center that won't be open for 2 days.)
So today, Joe is our guy to get us on the air. Driving the Santa Maria to the far reaches of Davie County to digitally impress our images into the sky.
When we walked down to the river to survey our live shot location we spotted what you see in the pictures. Animal Tracks. Several different kinds.
We threw out our best guesses about the large ones next to Joe's Fist. We were thinking maybe bear, based on one of the neigbors telling us about seeing bears in the area. But after looking on the internet, I can see that these large ones are Canine tracks. Probably not dogs since there aren't any houses for miles of there. These large tracks match up really well against the Coyote tracks which also have been reported in this area.
These smaller tracks in the above picture are two different animals. The one on the left is a racoon track, but I can't find a match for the two tracks to the right.
The above is a wider view of the racoon and unknown tracks to the left and another type of track to the right side of the picture.
This one (above) is another raccon and smaller version of the possible coyote track, indicating more than one coyote on the scene.
This is another set of the Coyote tracks that are a bit deeper and more defined.
And then we went live. Despite our facination with all the wildlife tracks we still made our slot on the evening news. I might have to go back down there and check out those tracks again one day.


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I am looking for BIOS + drivers + manual of mainbord:
Soltek SL-52A/B/C/D/E / SL-55A(ATX)
With searching on the website of Soltex I can not find suppor for this mainbord anymore. Also with google I can not find drivers etc. for this mainbord. Please knows someone a sollution. Where can I find the SOltek drivers, bios and manual
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Bios + drivers mainbord Soltek SL-52A/B/C/D/E / SL-55A(ATX)
Request help finding jumper settings or a motherboard manual.
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You love where you live, right? You think it's the best place to straddle a top tube, roll out of the driveway, and hit the trails, roads, breweries, pubs, coffee shops, and bike shops.
We're a little biased here at The Packfiller. That's why we created BIKETOWNS, a new YouTube series coming in 2019. We travel to the towns that brag about being a cycling mecca, and put it to the test.
Think you live in a BIKETOWN, send us a note and accept the challenge.
What makes a Bike Town? In the premier episode, Patrick Bulger, host of The Packfiller Podcast, travels to Bend, Oregon to experience the trails, roads, gravel, and culture to decide.


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By Kendra Guidolin
For four years, I studied two separate degrees: creative writing and dance. You can imagine the reactions I would receive as a double fine arts major, and the amount of questions I was asked about the combination of the two. But over the years of studying both, I noticed an overwhelming amount of connections between dance and literature. At the risk of sounding like a cliché stenciled on a wall found on Pinterest, dance is a universal language. From its most primal roots as a means of communication and storytelling to the emergence of the first classical ballet, dance has been a medium through which literature is both preserved and reinterpreted. Only in working tirelessly on a translation of Francis Ponge's poem "Soap" did I find exactly how similar the process is from translating a text to dance and vice versa. Like Ponge's original French text, ballet is a language that differs greatly from spoken or written English; sometimes the language limits the direct word for word translation and instead demands an interpretation of the original.
Although there are certain movements in ballet that do have a defined translation, known as classical ballet mime, not dissimilar to American Sign Language, the vast majority of translation in ballets happens through the expression and presentation of the characters, and the dynamics between those on stage and off. And while more often than not, the producer will offer a brief synopsis of each act in the program to add to the audience's experience of the production, dance is largely to be considered in the act of the performance itself; its dancers, choreography, costume, set design, and often musical score do the vast majority of the "talking."
From some of the greatest Shakespeare plays like Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream, to takes on literary classics like Anna Karenina and Eugene Onegin, dance has been taking over the literary world. More and more, contemporary ballet choreographers are delving into literary texts to interpret and reimagine words for the stage.
Although many productions have been passed down through ballet masters who teach the choreography to other companies to continue performing the original work, there are still contemporary choreographers, such as Christopher Wheeldon, who continue to translate texts into ballet today. Depending on the approach the choreographer wants to take with the text, they may start choreographing and have a composer create the score based on the movement, or they may create collaboratively with the composer. As in theatre, a choreographer may choose to interpret a text literally and translate each act or chapter, or to illustrate the essence of the text in movement quality and emotion. Take for example The Royal Ballet's production of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale:
Christopher Wheeldon and Joby Talbot's take on The Winter's Tale is both informed by the text and the ways in which each collaborator interprets the most vital aspects that are represented in costume, set, and musical and choreographic narrative. In both Wheeldon and fellow British choreographer Liam Scarlett's works, the text acts as a blueprint dictating the narrative arch, characters, and themes. Contrastingly, other choreographers such as Cathy Marston use texts as inspiration for movement and emotional drive, creating a more interpretive and loose adaptation on classics like Jane Eyre.
Like the translation poem or any form of interpretative art, such as erasure poetry, dance faces the same accusations of plagiarism, but it's the refurbishing of literature into fresh, modern interpretations that is keeping the text alive in a contemporary setting. For example, Frankenstein, recently picked up by Scarlett for the San Francisco Ballet, has now been recreated into a stage production. The ballet portrays Victor Frankenstein's creature as it was originally envisioned by Shelley, rather than the depiction that has been assumed and constantly remodelled by media. Instead of perpetuating the stale stereotype of the clumpy-shoed green giant with bolts in his neck, the ballet shows the character, a male dancer in an all nude, patchy costume stitched together, who moves in fluid, contemporary balletic style, contrasting the classical repertoire that the rest of the cast performs en point and in partners. The creature in its own style, separate from society, performs its otherness to the audience the same way it does in the novel: through speeches and literary devices. By reintroducing the initial intentions of Shelley's novel, the ballet becomes a more closely-linked translation than a piece loosely inspired by the text, as various satiric and comedic interpretations in film and theatre are. In doing so, the ballet acts against the tropes and caricatures perpetuated by popular culture to refocus the context back into its original. That is to say, the act of reworking a text into a ballet involves the same thoughtful intention as erasure or translation poetry because of the way dance, being an art without text, points at its textual origin.
With that said, like poetry or literature, a dance can be translated in many ways — some far from the author's intention for the text. Sometimes this works favorably for audiences, and sometimes not as much. Of course, the best choreographers will decide to maintain or stray away from the original context of the literary piece with artistic purpose.
Although dance— particularly ballet— can often be less accessible to the general public because of its price-point, and because performances are usually limited to larger cities, it can also translate literature in a way that appeals to a wider audience because body language is universal. While dance and literature may not immediately seem to be similar in their purpose and form, I believe that the two art forms working in tandem emphasize the importance of the other; it is important to keep dance alive because it keeps alive classical literature, and vice versa.
Having studied both creative writing and performing arts in her undergraduate degree, Kendra Guidolin is a budding writer and freelance dance artist. The Toronto native is currently working on her master's degree in creative writing at the University of New Brunswick.


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Fires are still breaking out in Brazil's Amazon and Cerrado regions.
The country's National Institute for Space Research published data on Wednesday showing 7,457 fire alerts in the Amazon region and 8,012 in the Cerrado region in the first 10 days of September.
The number of fires in 2019 across Brazil has surpassed 100,000, which is about 45% more than during the same period a year ago.
The flames and smoke have disrupted life for many and attracted widespread attention in recent weeks.
The Amazon is considered particularly important for its absorption of heat-trapping carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.


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The original Kokkedal Castle was erected as an aristocratic summer estate in 1746 and was designed by architect Johan Gottfred Rosenborg, who also created the Odd Fellow Mansion in Copenhagen.
The historic owners of the castle include co-founder of the East Asiatic Company Jens Frederik Horsens Block (1864), who extensively remodelled the manor, and Chamberlain and former Admiral Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu (1910).
Kokkedal Castle opened as a hotel in 2011 and today operates under the name Kokkedal Castle Copenhagen. In 2013, the castle was acquired by the M Goldschmidt Group, which was founded in 1979 by Mikael Goldschmidt.


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Following the success of Atari, undisputed forerunner of the video games home market, in the late 70s, Mattel (well known for the Barbie) inaugurates the Electronics Division, author of the console that was the first real rival of Atari 2600: The Intellivision.
In late 1979 system testing was completed, and Intellivision was released starting from 1980. The configuration was not just stuff. In fact it was the first home entertainment system with a heart at 16 bit!
The microprocessor inside the console, was a General Instrument CP1610 at 895 KHz (less than a MHz!!), which was backed by 1352 bytes in RAM (little more than A Kilobyte!!), a dedicated graphics chip, called STIC (who had 1KB of dedicated RAM), able to operate at 160 x 196 with 16 colors and 8 sprites, while the sound, managed by a General Instrument AY-3-8914, was capable of 3 channels + 1 for white noise, in mono.
The ROM, large about 7KB, contained the graphics routines (GROM) and the heart of the system: a true microkernel called EXEC.
The games on cartridge, were nothing more than a sequence of calls to routines already programmed into ROM. The architecture of the system was quite complex, because some features, initially not covered by the engineers, were crushed in areas originally intended for other content.
For more information – very very technical – click here!
Another edge over its declared rival, was the presence of theoretically advanced controllers, with 14 buttons and a directional diskpad, proposed as an alternative to the joystick, that allowed 16 different directions, against the 8 of the rival. In theory, since in practice many people were critical, especially on the poor precision.
The front buttons could be covered with colorful plastified sheets (layer), who were stuck in the proper frame, so to be anchored in order to customize the controls, depending on the game.
Within each of the games cases, there was a thick manual, two layers, and the cartridge containing the game.
The game industry crisis, from 1984 to 1986 which decimated most of the companies that rode the wave, didn't spare the Intellivision. In fact, with 6 million machines sold worldwide, but with a big loss on the balance sheet, Mattel dropped the console copyrights, leasing them to INTV, created by some former employees, which was able to keep alive this glorious creature, up to 1990.
This lucky gaming machine counts 130 titles made, without considering those that are still published by various fans, which keep alive this console through initiatives and exchange of information, through the inevitable communities on the net.