text: MAY 1961 THE NATIONAL HEALTH JOURNAL gel. -o BE GOOD TO YOUR FEET How To Relax тАв411.41%& 50c ESSENTIAL Books that discuss with candor and helpfulness the individual problems of sex and associations that face young people and their parents. HAPPINESS for HUSBANDS and WIVES EWING CALLOWA Y By Harold Shryock, M.D. On Becoming a Woman BY HAROLD SHRYOCK, M.D. Here is a mingling of Christian idealism and scientific frankness in dealing with an adolescent girl's unfolding sexual and emotional life that will commend itself to every intelligent reader. Price. $2.75 A study of the factors that make for harmony in marriage. Sensible courtship, the basis of a memorable honeymoon, the merger of personalities, marital adjustments, and a sane attitude toward sex are among the many subjects discussed with sympathy and mature insight. Bound in a beautiful gift binding. Price, $3.50 LOVE'S WAY On Becoming a Man BY HAROLD SHRYOCK, M.D. Every adolescent boy will find in this frank discussion of his sexual and emotional development a spiritual idealism that is not only practical but persuasively attractive to noble ambitions. Price. $2.75 ORDER BLANK Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington 12, D.C. Please send me the following: LOVE'S WAY @ $1.75 LETTERS FROM MOTHER NAOMI a 1.75 ON BECOMING A WOMAN La' 2.75 -------ON BECOMING A MAN @ 2.75 --------HAPPINESS FOR HUSBANDS AND WIVES @ 3.50 Add: Postage and Insur. 15c first book, 5c each additional book. Sales tax where necessary. TOTAL Postage and Sales Tax TOTAL ENCLOSED NAME STREET CITY ZONE STATE ___________________ тАвтАвтАв MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM тАв111тАвтАвтАв11111тАвтАвтАвтАв By A. W. Spalding A book for parents, to help them in telling the story of the beginnings of life to the very youngest inquirers. Price, $1.75 Letters From Mother Naomi An older woman's answers to the many questions asked by all normal girls concerning the intimate problems of everyday life in a modern world. Publishing Association Washington 12, D.C. "Because I was nervousтАФa 'Grumpy Grandpa' my doctor started me on Postum." "My grandchildren made me realize how irritable and nervous I was. 'Grandpa's grumpy!' I heard them whispering. Was there something wrong with my nerves? "The doctor didn't think so. He asked if I'd been sleeping well. I hadn't. Then he asked if I'd been drinking lots of coffee. I had. It seems many people can't take the caffein in coffee and I'm one of them. Change to Postum, the doctor advised. It's 100% caffein-freeтАФ can't make you nervous or keep you awake. "Did my grandchildren notice the difference? They certainly did. When you sleep well, when you're not on edge, you have lots more patience. I'm sold on Postum тАФI like the way it makes me feel. You will too!" Postum is 100% coffee-free Another fine product of General Foods No Longer Hopeless It gives us a tremendous thrill when we think about the achievements of this century of scientific knowhow. Jet planes, atomic energy, man-made satellites. And one of these days, soon, man in space. Medical science is making great gains, too, in the fight against mental illness. Only 25 years ago most mental disorders were considered hopeless. Today mental illness is no longer hopeless: Thousands of mentally sick people are recovering. But there are still hundreds of thousands who cannot be helped. A treatment which will work for one patient may not work for another. And no effective treatment has yet been discovered for many mental illnesses. The National Association for Mental Health, through its Research Foundation, sponsors research to improve existing methods of treatment. It supports research to find ways of treating mental illnesses which still resist treatment. And it promotes research to seek ways of preventing mental illness. Support this vital research program by supporting your mental health association. Contribute generously to the Bell Ringer Campaign for Mental Health, and . . . Let's Conquer Mental Illness ... Next! Editor J. DE WITT FOX, M.D., L.M.C.C. MAY тАв 1961 тАв VOL. LXXVI, No. 5 Assistant Editor 77th Year of Publication MARY E. CASTOR Medical Consultant ROBERT A. HARE, M.D., F.A.C.P. Consulting Editor HARRY M. TIPPETT, M.A. THE NATIONAL HEALTH JOURNAL Art Editor T. K. MARTIN Editorial Secretary NELLAH S. KEITH Editor, Braille Life & Health C. G. CROSS FEATURE ARTICLES BE GOOD TO YOUR FEET, Leo Rosenhouse 10 WELCOME ALL THE CHILDREN, Gail H. Oglee 12 MENOPAUSE MOODS, Harold Shryock, M.D. 14 Consulting Board of Editors ROBERT F. CHINNOCK, M.D. THEODORE R. FLAtz, M.D. J. WAYNE MCFARLAND, M.D. WALTER E. MACPHERSON, M.D., F.A.C.P. VACCINES, Shirley Moffer Linde HOW TO RELAX, Clarence W. Dail, M.D. 16 18 MAUD E. O'NEIL, PH.D. M. WEBSTER PRINCE, D.D.S., F.A.C.D. HAROLD M. WALTON, M.D., F.A.C.P. Contributing Board of Editors FOR HOMEMAKERS FAMILY PHYSICIAN 20 YOUR CHILD'S HEALTH 22 FAMILY FIRESIDE 24 HOME NURSING 28 DIETITIAN SAYS 30 ROGER W. BARNES, M.D., F.A.C.S. JOHN F. BROWNSBERGER, M.D., F.A.C.S. LEROY E. COOLIDGE, M.D., F.A.C.S. CYRIL B. COURVILLE, M.D. J. MARK Cox, M.D. ERWIN A. CRAWFORD, M.D. HORACE A. HALL, M.D., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S. GEORGE T. HARDING, M.D., F.A.C.P. MAZIE A. HERIN, R.N. CARL J. LARSEN, M.D. ARLIE L. MOON, M.D. MARY CATHERINE NOBLE, R.N., R.P.T. MENTAL HYGIENE KEYS TO HAPPINESS 13 GOLDEN AGE 26 C. E. RANDOLPH, M.D. H. L. RriTENHousa, M.D. HAROLD SHRYOCK, M.D. DUNBAR W. SMITH, M.D. LYDIA M. SONNENBERG, M.A. HENRY W. VOLLMER, M.D., F.A.C.S. R. G. CAMPBELL Circulation Manager J. M. JACKSON Field Representative S. L. CLARK Field Representative and Advertising LIFE AND HEALTH, copyrighted 1961 by the Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington 12, D.C., U.S.A. All rights reserved. Title registered in U.S. Patent Office. A FAMILY MAGAZINE FEATURING RELIGIOUS HEALTH INFORMATION. The official journal of the Home Health Education Service. Published monthly by the Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington 12, D.C. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. SUBSCRIPTION PRICES, U.S. CURRENCY, U.S., U.S. possessions, and Canada. 1 year. $5.00. Add 40c a year elsewhere. All subscriptions must be paid for in advance. Single copy. 50 cents, U.S.A. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Send to LIFE AND HEALTH, Circulation Department, Washington 12, D.C., at least 30 days before date of the issue with which it is to take effect. Please send us your old address with your new one, enclosing If possible your old address label, to avoid error in old and new lists. MAY, 1961 5 NOT IN SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS DEAR EDITOR: WHY YOU SHOULD Season WITH A Reason HELPED US DEAR EDITOR: Have just finished reading your February issue, received today, and find its many articles extremely enlightening, especially "Heart Attack" [by Edward R. Pinckney, M.D.], "Why I Don't Eat Meat" [by 0. S. Parrett, M.D.], and "Conserving Food Values" [by Lydia M. Sonnenberg, dietitian]. Your LIFE AND HEALTH magazines are treasured in our home, and have helped us many times. . . . MRS. EDGAR C. REYNOLDS Miami, Florida OUR MAY COVER Thousands of people like yourself are now enjoying BAKON YEAST, the triplevalue seasoning. BAKON tastes delicious when sprinkled on buttered toast, eggs, soups, vegetables, etc. BAKON contains vitamins . .. supplies ten factors of the Vitamin B Complex. BAKON is rich in protein, carrying all essential amino acids. BAKON is 100% dried Torula yeast, genuinely hickory smoked for a delightful bacon-like flavor. Contains no starch, no sugar, no salt, no meat. BAKON gives you much more Vitamin B, than wheat germ. BAKON is suitable for low sodium diets. Season with a reason...use BAKON. Sold in health food stores for 25 years. BAXON тАвwii Iwo Now on Sale at :At-At re: Your Favorite Health Food Store BAKON YEAST, Inc. тАв New York 13, N.Y. 6 ISSUE EVALUATED DEAR EDITOR: Just a note to express my appreciation for some fine articles in the current issue of LIFE AND HEALTH [November, 1960]. I especially enjoyed "The Road' Back," by Mr. Walter Frederick Westphal, and "Painless Surgery," by Dr. Bloomquist. Everything from the pen of Harry M. Tippett is inspirational and thought inspiring. D. C. FIDWELL Long Beach, California MALAYAN READER DEAR EDITOR: Though I live in the East, I am a reader of your magazine LIFE AND HEALTH. I have always been impressed by your devotion to help others improve their lives. MRS. WAN KEE CHEONG Perak, Malaya ENCLOSED FIND CHECK DEAR EDITOR: Color Try Delicious Every month we receive a copy of LIFE AND HEALTHтАФthat medical journal we all love to read. It provides us with a wealth of invaluable information that is not to be found in any of our science textbooks. The journal keeps us posted with all the new and modern methods by which diseases are conquered and how we can improve our health and mind. The senior students read every article with great scrutiny, and it is helping them in their quest for knowledge. The journal is kept in circulation throughout our branches, and it is always in demand by outsiders. It is a pity that LIFE AND HEALTH is not circulated in our territory. We express our thanks to the editorial staff and circulation manager, and pray that they will continue their good work. JOYCE MAHABIR, Chief Librarian St. Andrews Academy Trinidad Transparency by Grant Hellman, From Shostal Spring! What a joyous season; how long waited for and how truly welcome. There is no season of the year more anticipated. After nature for months has turned a cold shoulder on the world, she now offers a sunny smile. Graciously the good earth smiles in response with a profusion of flowers, buds, and birds. How truly generous is mother earth, giving us flowers for our enjoyment, trees for shade, and fruits in abundance for our sustenance. With spring comes her invitation to see for yourself her reproductive powers. Dig into her rich soil, plant the seed, and it will pay dividends in flowers, fruit, vegetables, and health. There are few, if any, do-ityourself projects that are as stimulating to health as working your own garden. Try it. Enclosed please find check for threeyear subscription to LIFE AND HEALTH, which I can't do without. LOUIS C. GALLI Fort Myers Beach, Florida FAMILY PHYSICIAN COMMENT DEAR EDITOR: I always read all the articles in LIFE AND HEALTH, and enjoy the Family Physician items very much. MRS. MELVIN CLARK LIFE & HEALTH Atrch of Medicine 11,111, 11,, '1,111141 1n,тАЮIan .,,1,,1 ,I 11111, ', I , , 11 ,ii 111111111111111111, ' d. ' ,.',1 I , , II, FOOT AND LEG CRAMPS Leg cramps, a frequent complaint in the doctor's office, may be set off by a variety of causes, and the average patient should not assume that it is simply the old-fashioned Charley horse from a tired or overstretched calf muscle. The cramping may occur in the feet, calves, and other muscles of the body. The cramps may be caused by a serious metabolic disorder, or they may point to early signs of arteriosclerosis and narrowing of the leg arteries. In either case, your physician is best qualified to determine the cause and prescribe proper treatment. Foot and leg cramps may be caused by anything that produces an increase or decrease in the salt or oxygen supply of the body. Too much or too little salt or oxygen may cause cramps. Excessive muscular activity may cause cramps. A person who is unaccustomed to being on his feet for long periods of time may notice night cramps when he goes to sleep. The pregnant mother may notice that in the later weeks of her gestation period, her calves may cramp because of pressure of the baby on the blood vessels and nerves that pass into the legs. Diet and vitamin deficiencies may also cause leg cramps. Too much or too little calcium may produce cramping symptoms. The alkalosis condition from hyperventilation, or too rapid breathing, may also tighten the muscles. Sometimes when patients take diuretic drugs to help them eliminate salt from the body, these salt-depleting agents may produce leg cramps and excessive sweating. Circulatory deficiencies, atherosclerosis, vasospasm, varicose veins, and clots in the lower extremities are among the common causes of cramps. Old people are more likely to have night cramps of the calves than young people. During normal muscle activity, the fibers contract at the rate of 10 or 50 per second. In muscle cramps, the fibers contract at a higher rate, at times reaching 300 per second. The excessive tension developed in the muscle causes pain. The treatment of leg cramps involves diet, medication, andтАФmost importantтАФ physical exercise, and careful foot and leg care. We have become a sedentary MAY, 1961 nation, with withered legs and atrophied big muscles. We sit to eat, we sit to drive, we sit in the office, we sit in front of a television, we sit to talk, we sit in church, we sit at a ball game, we live in a sitting position. Americans should use their legs more, and they would have fewer leg cramps. A daily walk in the fresh air would keep your leg muscles in tone. The diet should be low in fat, calories, carbohydrates, and salt. It should be sufficient in protein. Fats should be avoided, and oils, such as sunflower-seed oil, corn oil, soy oil, peanut oil, or olive oil should be used instead. This diet would reduce the blood cholesterol and retard atherosclerosis. Whole milk should be limited and low-fat milk substituted. An old Chinese proverb says, "He who takes medicine and neglects diet wastes the skill of his physician.тАЭ Eat a wellbalanced, healthful, low-fat, low-calorie diet, chewing slowly and thoroughly. Many medicines have been advocated to prevent muscle cramps. Strong narcotic drugs should be avoided. A person who has a definite calcium deficiency will rarely be relieved by the taking of extra calcium. However, during pregnancy and lactation, adequate calcium is necessary to replace the amounts taken up by the baby. Mineral-vitamin supplements high in vitamins B, C, and D, may help. In severe spasm your physician may give intravenous calcium gluconate to bring prompt relief. Among the medicines used are various muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, and antihistamines. If the patient has swelling of the calves and legs, diuretics prescribed by his physician may be of help. Quinine has long been used, but its prophylactic and treatment value in leg cramps has not been conclusively established. Quinine should be avoided by pregnant women or people who have a hearing or visual disturbance. The average person neglects his feet by wearing improperly fitted shoes. And infrequent washing of the stockings may permit the harboring of fungus infection. Warm foot soaks or contrast sprays should be taken twice daily, with massage by a vasodilator ointment and musclestretching exercises. The person who has a poorly fitted shoe should see his orthopedic surgeon for possible metatarsal pads or other appliances of value in getting good foot balance. Many measures are available for treating a low blood supply to the feet, but it is dangerous to use diathermy, heat lamps, and the like if there is poor circulation to the feet. Electrical muscle stimulation, a rocking bed, or repeated hydromassage, such as whirlpool, may be of value. In varicose veins the elastic bandage and massage and elevation of the feet at the end of a long day are helpful. Surgical tying and stripping of the veins may also be indicated. If there is inadequate circulation owing to arterial disease, surgical treatment in the form of nerve blocks and interruption may be of value. In some cases where the arteries are actually blocked, the examination of the involved vessels by X-ray and grafting may bring great relief. People having overweight problems, anemia, diabetes, heart disease, or kidney diseases along with artery disease should have these difficulties checked and corrected at the earliest possible moment that they can manage. The so-called Berger-Allen exercises, in which the legs are elevated for two minutes, placed below bed level for three minutes, placed level with the bed for two minutes, have long been popular for disease of blood vessels near the surface of the legs. These exercises should be supplemented by gentle massage of the foot, foot exercises, swimming, warm baths, rest, and periodic elevation of the involved legs. Leg cramping is not so simple as it sounds. Your physician should be consulted in cases of leg cramps, and the treatment should include a well-rounded program including diet, medication, special foot care, and leg exercises. It may be that surgery will be necessary, and the earlier it is performed the better the chance of permanent cure. тАв 7 THE DOCTOR PRESCRIBES x;A 1;0 lis AVE you noticed a change in the H corner grocery store? A change in size of counters and a shift in emphasis from one food to another. The supermarket in our area and the neighborhood grocery store have become storage depots rather than dispensers of fresh foods. The trend is to lengthen the counters carrying packaged goods, which will keep for weeks, and to shrink the size of the produce counters, where fresh fruits and vegetables are piled. The food freezer and its frozen vegetables, fruits, and the many preplanned, precooked, and ready-toserve dinner plates are featured. Prepared foods make for rapid, profitable commercial enterprise, but they take some of the fun out of shopping. Do you get the fun out of shopping for vegetables and fruits you once did? Looking at pictures on a box is not nearly so enticing as looking at fresh green peas in the pod, even if it does mean sitting down at the kitchen table and shelling a potful. And sweeping up the peas that flip onto the floor. I well recall as a lad the beautiful fruit and vegetable markets the Japanese operated in southern California before the second world war. You could walk into one of these markets and see the fruits and vegetables arranged in neat rows being sprinkled with a fine spray of fresh water to keep them crisp. Celery had its salty aroma that made your appetite tingle. Onions were lined up in neat bins тАФBermudas and the big purple Spanish onions so delicious on sandwiches. In California the markets are different now. Not only do you have difficulty finding the Japanese farmer and his produce market but you don't often find fresh fruits and vegetables in the amounts formerly offered. Whether this new trend in American merchandising and eating habits is good or bad, only time will tell. For my money, fresh foods still taste 8 better. We do not replace all the vitamins and minerals of fresh fruits and vegetables in any form of processed, packaged, or canned products. Before my readers descend on me with a barrage of mail asking: "Isn't frozen food better than the wilted vegetables and overripe fruit on the markets today?" Yes! I am sure frozen fruits and vegetables are tastier, more appetizing, and more nutritious than old shopworn produce. My campaign is for the return of the fresh-produce market, with farmers selling apples and oranges, corn and carrots and peas, with pride, as they did of old. The American public is likely to get what it wants. Although we all want speed in cooking and meal planning, many of you will agree that canned, dried, pulverized, frozen, homogenized, dehydrated, reconstituted, baked, fried, preserved, artificially col- ored, artificially flavored foods aren't as much fun to prepare and eat as good old-fashioned foods. Fruit is a special problem. Because of the long distances fruits are shipped, too often they are picked green. More and more oranges are going into cans as frozen orange juice, and fewer and fewer find their way onto the produce counter. Is the day coming when fresh oranges will be hard to find? The twentieth century of zip-zip meal planning is making a poorly balanced diet for many people. Mother can plan a well-balanced meal from tin cans, frozen food boxes, and cellophane sacks, but the rush is so great that she may give more thought to the speed with which food can be flipped from box to plate than to its nutrients. It is high time we started a crusade for more fresh fruits and vegetables, for greater pride in counters of colorful oranges, apples waxed and polished and glistening red, golden bananas, and in season peaches, apricots, cherries, plums, nectarines, strawberries, and the luscious fresh fruits that farmers on the roadside now carry which seldom find their way into the markets in the fresh succulent state they should. A revival of interest in green vegetables but less emphasis on sweets and starchy foods would increase the vitamins and minerals in our diet and reduce our weight. Eating could be a real adventure. "Pass the baked potato stuffed with onion chips and sprinkled with celery or garlic salt!" Mother and market will have to be convinced that you are interested in their taking time to feed you better. Yours for a better supper tonight, 4A42.--7f,., 114 LIFE & HEALTH is right on the lake front, so you can guess how well they like the water. Shirley was born in Cincinnati, earned a B.S. degree in zoology from the University of Michigan. She got her training in writing in a couple of night school courses and now enjoys conducting workshops in creative writing at the lake. Minnie Worthen Muenscher ("Herbs Instead of Salt," page 31) was born in Lynden, Washington. She graduated from the State College of Washington (now Washington State University), and was married the next year to Walter C. Muenscher, who is emeritus professor of botany, Cornell University. She used her journalistic training to assist him with his writing. Since her husband's retirement, she has written a number of magazine articles, principally on the use of herbs and on various aspects of joyful living. Her chief joys are her home, family, and friends. Hobbies include gardening and writing. In gardening she is especially interested in herbs. Her favorite * * * Harold Shryock, M.D. ("Family Fireside," page 24), is well known to LIFE AND HEALTH readers for his articles on mental hygiene and family relationships. Trained as a physician, Dr. Shryock early chose to spend his life with medical students rather than in the practice of clinical medicine. During the twenty-three years since he completed his internship he has been engaged actively in the teaching of anatomy, in medical school administration, and in research. He is chairman of the department of anatomy of the Schools of Dentistry and Medicine of the College of Medical Evangelists, Loma Linda, California. Dr. and Mrs. Shryock have always found their greatest pleasure in the home and with their children. The high light of their life is the occasion when their two granddaughters come to visit. Writing is the prime hobby that has claimed Dr. Shryock's spare time since he was in college. He is an active member of the American Medical Writers' Association. In addition to numerous magazine articles, he now has six books to his credit. * * * Science writer Shirley Motter Linde ("Vaccines," page 16) lives at Lake Lotawana near Kansas City, Missouri. Most of the time when she isn't doing freelance writing she spends with her husband, Doug, and their son, Scott, either on the lake sailing and water skiing or in the lake and swimming. Their home MAY, 1961 Martin H. Koch ("Favorite Recipes," page 32) is one of several chefs at the Washington Sanitarium and Hospital, in Takoma Park, Washington, D.C. He was born and reared in a suburb of Reading, Pennsylvania. With his four sisters and nine brothers he attended the rural schools of his native State, and later enrolled in and completed a butler's course in New York City. Mr. Koch has cooked in hotels, restaurants, and hospitals in Pennsylvania, Florida, and California; he also served as cook in the U.S. armed forces before coming to Washington Sanitarium. Mr. Koch says his real hobby is work, especially around his newly acquired home in Takoma Park. Once in a long while he will really relax by spending a day at the beach or visiting relatives and friends in Pennsylvania. His desire to make foods attractive and palatable was manifested at an early age. writing is letters to family and friends, to shut-ins, and to other herb lovers. She lives three miles from Ithaca, New York. In the last thirty-five years the Muenschers have changed their acre of ground from a bare meadow to a wellwooded lot. They have three married daughtersтАФone living in Old Town, Maine, one in Berkeley, California, and one in Fairbanks, AlaskaтАФand have five grandchildren. "Herbs Instead of Salt" was written because Mrs. Muenscher has cooked without salt for the last ten years, due to her husband's health. They have found herbs such a happy substitute that she wished to help make saltless food a painless experience for others. тАв Don't Miss SALADS By M. Dorothea Van Gundy Jones Delicious salads are a part of every healthful diet. Mrs. Jones gives recipes for many varied and beautiful salads, in the June, 1%1, issue of 9 BY LEO ROSENHOUSE PECIALISTS in foot care say that one person in five suffers from a foot ailment. Nearly all foot trouble can be prevented if it is treated early enough. Surprisingly, foot fatigueтАФ "tired feet"тАФcauses the nation almost as much misery as the common cold. You may be victim of a foot ailment and not even know it. Perhaps you are having trouble with a persistent backache and wonder why you have it. Don't begin thinking of kidney trouble, lumbago, or spine ailments. Most likely you should look down at your feet for the cause. Chiropodists, podiatrists, and orthopedistsтАФthe professional men most concerned with the care of the feetтАФhave learned that often they can trace backache and nearly seventy-five other ailments to bad feet. The problem of foot care is considered so important that many hospitals, government agencies, and large industrial organizations operate foot clinics, where foot hygiene and care are stressed. Even schools are interested in seeing that youngsters get better foot care, because it is known that one of every two children has some foot defect by the time he is ten years old. If your feet bother you or you are troubled with 10 backache, it is time you thought of your feet. The best way to begin is to take off your shoes and stockings and scrutinize your feet as you stand barefoot on a hard surface. Look at the toes of one foot. Are they the same size and shape as the corresponding toes of the other foot? If the toes of the two feet do not match, and some are small or deformed, you are undoubtedly experiencing foot trouble. A more narrow examination of your feet may reveal corns, bunions, and calluses, usually caused by uneven pressure against your feet. Take a pen and circle every one of these growths. If you have more than three on a foot, it would be advisable to let a specialist in foot care treat you. Wet your feet and examine the footprints you make on a flat surface. If they make marks that look like pancakes, you may have poor arches, which can cause you much agony. Most cases of broken arches can be corrected quickly by proper arch supports worn inside your shoes. Accept your doctor's suggestion as to the use of these supports in preference to recommendations made by shoe clerks. Most shoe clerks can fit you with arch supports, but they cannot advise as to whether your arch defect requires medical attention. LIFE & HEALTH Of course you want your feet to work for you all your life. You will have to do your part in caring for them. While you stand barefoot, pick up your shoes and examine them. Are the heels run down? Are the inner rims of the heels uneven? Is one heel higher than the other? What about the toes? Are they wide and comfortable, or pointed and curled? Good serviceable shoes can give you comfortable, healthy feet, but when you buy shoes for style and ignore their real responsibility of being a protection to your feet, you court trouble and get it in the form of misery. A sensible rule in buying shoes is to see whether there is enough toe room to wriggle your toes and whether your heel is too loose against the back of the shoe when you walk. Another good thought to have while trying for a properly fitting shoe is to search for pressure against any part of the foot. Such pressure or confinement near the base of the big toe can lead to a serious bunion. A shoe that offers discomfort when new will not likely break in to become more comfortable. The discomfort tends to get worse. MOst people are perplexed about hard growth of tissue on their feet. Such callous formationsтАФhardened deposits of tissueтАФcan form on the surface of the skin or beneath the skin adjacent to bone and muscle. Corns, the most common hard growths on the skin, are created by rubbing or pressure of shoes or stockings against the skin. The area of irritation becomes hard, and the uneven mass causes foot pain. A. DEVANEY Other calluses may form hard pads of tissue on the ball, heel, or side of your feet. They can be very painful. Don't rely on commercial remedies to treat such foot ailments when you have the opportunity of visiting a foot specialist or your family doctor first. He may be able to prevent recurrence of calluses, and may recommend certain commercial preparations to benefit your feet. Bunions, which are enlargements of the end of the bones at the large joints, are caused mainly by shoe pressure. A short shoe or an excessively tight or thick stocking can bring on a bunion. Let your doctor take care of this ailment. Warts and other tissue masses on the foot should not be pared, trimmed, or cut away with knife or razor blade until the growths are examined by a competent doctor. The same holds true for any brightly or darkly colored mass of tissue that makes an appearance on or beneath the skin of your feet. Foolish cutting of tissue can lead to danger if the growth should turn out to be a serious tumor. Leave all such trimming to your doctor. Among the most troublesome of foot ailments, ingrown toenails lead the field. The big toenail bothers people most often. An ingrown nail causes severe pain and can lead to inflammation and infection. When the nail bed becomes irregular, the rough nail extends into the soft tissue. The toe responds by becoming painful and inflamed. The remedy is to cut the nails properly and wear a comfortable shoe and stocking. (To page 25) If you are victim of tired feet, UNNATURAL POSITION PAIN, ILL HEALTH, DEFORMED FEET MAY, 1961 11 BY GAIL H. OGLEE Warne (71//de (haw Though surrounded by the love of his family, a cerebral-palsied child needs also the acceptance of society. OW can they let that child play on a public beach?" I heard these words less than a year ago, and they referred to a cerebral-palsied youngster who was playing contentedly in the waves at the shore line. In the past eleven years some positive effects of a widespread campaign to explain cerebral palsy have been realized, but there is still much public ignorance of the affliction. Unfortunately, in the past, adult CP's actually have been called revolting drunks; parents of the CP children have been told, "Only bad, dirty people would have a child like that." Cerebral palsy is not a medical mystery. It is not shameful or the result of a strain of degeneracy in the family. Down through the years there have been H 12 many false ideas about CP, and we can understand the difficulty in correcting them. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Dr. William Little, the father of orthopedic surgery in Great Britain, wrote the first description of cerebral palsy in medical books. He intimated that CP's were humans with the minds of vegetables. Their poor speech and grotesque posture gave credence to this mistaken idea. Actually, at least 75 per cent of the palsied have an intelligence quotient of 70 or more. Dr. Little's unfortunate idea remained in medical books until 1918, when there was a polio epidemic. Dr. Winthrop Phelps, who was interested in cerebral palsy, had many parents bring their children to him. They thought that polio at birth was the cause of LIFE & HEALTH their children's affliction. Dr. Phelps had discovered that it was an injury to or a deficiency in the portion of the brain that controls the motor nervesтАФthe nerves of movementтАФrather than an attack of polio. He worked actively in the reform effort, but CP got little attention until parents' groups got together and aroused their doctors and the public. There are six surviving cases of CP out of every 100,000 births. An injury to the brain that could cause CP might occur at any time in the development of the motor center of the brain. In prenatal develop. ment, there may be a slip in the building blocks that might cause a brain defect, just as there may be one that might cause clubfoot. Some kinds of disease in the mother before the child's birth may cause damage to the brain cells. Injury at the time of birth or later in life, or diseases that leave scar tissue on the brain, may produce damage. Cerebral palsy is not hereditary. Proof of this fact is shown in the case of identical twins, one with CP and the other a normal child. There are five general types of cerebral palsy. They are distinguished by the physical characteristics of the motor activities. Seeing and hearing defects and a speech disorder are commonly associated with cerebral palsy. In all cases there is motor difficulty. Fully 75 per cent of CP's can be rehabilitated. CP cannot be cured, for brain cells are not regenerated. The best thing to do is train other parts of the patient's brain to take over the functions normally performed by the injured section. CP children are no different from other children except that they require extensive physical training in order to become independent people. Therapy exercises are directed toward teaching skills and eliminating deformity. Physical therapy teaches balance and motor ability, and occupational therapy teaches manual dexterity. Two seven-year-old youngsters I helped prepare for their weekly Cub Scout meeting had mastered the laces and buckles on their braces and the buttons on their shirts. Speech therapy is designed to improve breathing habits and facial control. Mental growth must be simultaneous with physical education, and self-discipline is a necessary lesson. A simple muscle act of many CP's requires the concentration of a normal man learning to walk a tightrope. A man I know was an executive of a large advertising firm. He had some difficulty speaking spontaneously and in walking, but he could play the piano and sing, never missing a note or a word. There was a young woman who so feared to lift a cup to her lips that she could not attempt to do so without breaking the cup, but she was able to etch delicate tracings on a copper dish. Understanding of cerebral palsy is new, but the affliction is as old as deafness or blindness. There are references in the Bible to the palsied. King Richard III of England was thought to have been a victim of cerebral palsy. From the years of understanding one can see the barrier of rejection built up through the ages. If the spreading of knowledge continues at (To page 23) the rate it has taken in the past MAY, 1961 By HARRY MOY LE TIPPETT "WHOA, BACK UP!" HE first car Henry Ford built had no reverse gear. Whether it did not occur to him as necessary or whether T he had not solved the mechanical problem involved is not clear. One thing is sure, automotive development would have been wrecked on its forward gears if mechanical genius had not provided a retreat device for awkward corners and narrow dead-end streets. The crayfish has often been used as a symbol of incongruous retreat, and one who crawfishes on his agreements and business deals is contemned. Yet the ingenious swimmerets of the crayfish that enable him to back with rapidity from danger have been his greatest life preserver. People with no capacity to withdraw from a position once taken, who exult in a head "bloody but unbowed," may be more foolhardy than courageous. People who boast that they never quit, never revise their work, never retrace their steps, often leave a trail of misfit accomplishments and sorry incompletions that provide commentary on the folly of aggressiveness that brooks no retreat. Strategic retreat is one of the most important tactics in military maneuvers. Timely withdrawal from a hopeless situation has often been the crucial movement that has won a battle. How can we translate this important principle into our everyday affairs? Despite the assurances of work-happy philosophers, the quitter does not always lose nor the go-getter win. There are situations that all must face, when tents must be struck and arms stacked, no matter how bitter the mandate. Whether the need is for a retreat, a setback, or a detour, it could conceivably teach us something about resources we never knew we had. We may discover assets in ourselves useful in meeting later hindrances to progress. The proverbial tide "that leads on to fortune" may prove to be the riptide of forces that violently contest our way. It would be quite conducive to wisdom to know how many ulcer cases there are in the world today induced by the inability to yield to circumstances beyond control, how many families have been broken up by a lack of give-andtake in the marital partners, how many business ventures have gone on the rocks by refusing judicious retrenchments. Old "Rear-up" O'Leary of the Montana mines where I worked in my youth got his nickname from the time his dumpcart failed to trip, and he commanded his mule to rear up. It was unheard-of procedure, but the load was delivered. I'm glad Henry Ford found out about reverse gears early in his career. How about you? тАв 13 HAROLD SHRYOCK, M.D. Menopause is a merry-go-round of moods. Though glandular readjustments make people depressed, normal optimism can be regained. HAT brings you to see me, George?" The doctor addressed a 48-year-old businessman who had always appeared healthy, courageous, and optimistic. "Well, Doc, I cry," the man said reluctantly. Even men become moody and emotional when they are in the period of life we call the menopause. Usually the symptoms of the menopause are more obvious in women than men. A woman's tears flow easily at this time of life. She may become sensitive, mildly suspicious, morose, downcast. Days may drag by slowly, seeming like blue Mondays. Being moody and downcast is not limited to the menopause. Almost everyone has occasional off days. During the menopause these downswings occur more frequently and are more intense than at other times of life. Menopause moods may occur unprovoked, out of a clear sky. Ordinarily a person feels moody when his supply of nervous energy runs low. It is when he loses an argument, is rebuffed, has not had sufficient sleep, or has been living too strenuously that he is down in the mouth. Menopause moods are not so easily explained. There are two factors, either of which may contribute to menopause moods. They are glandular and emotional. In order to understand the changes that occur at the menopause, we need to mention four glandsтАФthe pituitary, the sex (ovaries and testes), the thyroid, and the adrenal. Each of these glands produces one or more hormones that circulate through the tissues as a means of regulating certain body functions. Each gland has an influence on the other glands. When one is not active enough, another may compensate by increasing its own activity. Someone has called the pituitary the master gland, because it regulates the function of all other glands. It secretes a gonadotropic hormone that stimulates the sex glands, a thyrotropic hormone that stimulates the thyroid, and an adrenotropic hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands. The initial glandular change at menopause is retardation of sex glands. In a woman the ovaries cease to produce ova (reproductive cells). After the meno14 pause is entirely complete, a woman may no longer become a mother. In a man the sex glands are reduced in activity, but the testes continue to produce sex cells, though fewer, and to provide male hormones even after the menopause, though a limited amount. A husband and wife remain capable of enjoying the intimate relations of marriage even after they have passed their menopause periods. As the sex glands slow down, the pituitary responds by increasing its activity. It is as if the pituitary were reluctant to allow the sex glands to decrease their activity. The sex glands are no longer capable of responding to the stimulation the pituitary provides. Throughout several months during which the pituitary is hyperactive, it produces all its hormones in abundance. The amounts of the thyrotropic and adrenotropic hormones are increased, even though the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands are still functioning as usual. This excessive stimulation by the pituitary may cause the thyroid and the adrenal glands to become overly active. In a case where the thyroid gland is particularly sensitive to increased stimulation, the person will develop nervousness, tension, rapid pulse, and emotionality. So far as the glands are concerned, it is the temporary increased function of the thyroid that accounts for menopause moods. Increased activity of the adrenal glands, caused in a similar way, is presumably responsible for the rapid changes in the body's temperature-regulating mechanism. This explains the hot flushes, or hot flashes, so typical of the menopause period. The emotional factors that contribute to menopause moods center largely on the readjustments a person's body must make as he passes from the reproductive period of his life into the period of full-blown maturity. This transition is particularly obvious to a woman because of the cessation of her menstrual periods. To many a woman, this is an unwelcome reminder that youth is past. In some cases, the menopause occurs about the time the children reach adulthood and leave the parents' home to establish homes of their own. The mother, previously busy ministering to the children LIFE & HEALTH in the home, now has only to contemplate the loneliness of her empty house. She has extra time to develop dread of old age and to humor menopause moods. Just as there are two factorsтАФ glandular and emotionalтАФthat contribute to menopause moods, so there are two factorsтАФglandular and emotionalтАФthat provide the means of controlling these moods. Glandular therapy is not a panacea. In selected cases directed by a well-trained physician, the administration of estrogen for women and testosterone for men may serve to make the menopause period much .more tolerable. These preparations supplement the natural sex hormone produced in smaller amounts by the lagging sex glands. Hormone treatment must not be expected to make young people out of middle-aged people. When administered conservatively for a few weeks at a time, these preparations serve to soften the shock of readjustment. When such therapy is used, the pituitary seems not to react so violently to reduction of the sex glands. The usual symptoms of the menopause, including menopause moods, are not so severe as they otherwise would be. The emotional control of menopause moods may be gained in part by habits designed to maintain the person in the best physical and mental health. Good general health always boosts optimism, and a bright outlook enables a person to counteract the tendency to feel moody. Here's how to promote your general health at menopause: 1. Avoid excess activity and overexertion. During the menopause a person does not bounce back so quickly as when he was a youth. He must learn to be more conservative and deliberate. 2. Provide yourself wholesome exercise. The human body thrives on a combination of physical MAY, 1961 and nervous activity. If either is neglected, the general health suffers. Garden work, gentle stretching exercises, and walking are forms of exercise that will not overtax the vital organs but will maintain the muscles in good tone and keep the tissues healthy. 3. Provide a well-balanced diet. Such a diet includes adequate amounts of vegetables, fresh fruits, and protein food. Regulate the calories so as to avoid obesity, common after menopause. 4. Keep your mind on the advantages of life after menopause. For a woman, the complete ending of menopause marks release from the obligations of childbirth and the more active routine of homemaking. A woman may look forward to many years in which she can do the things she has always wanted to do. 5. Avoid unnecessary emotional stress and upsetting circumstances. When you avoid a difference of opinion by tact or diplomacy, you gain a personal victory and avoid much strain on your glands and vital organs. 6. Develop control of nervousness and anxiety. Satisfactory and permanent control of nervousness does not depend on sedative drugs. In the long run, (To page 23) they exact a higher penalty 15 VACCINES BY SHIRLEY MOTTER LINDE You may avoid untold ill-health, crippling, and death through vaccines. HE spotlight turned on vaccines again recently with the announcement that doctors were trying a vaccine against measles. The first trials in a small group of children were successful, but the vaccine is still a long way from general use. Developers of the experimental vaccine were Dr. John F. Enders, winner of the Nobel prize for his work with polio virus, and Dr. Samuel L. Katz of Harvard Medical School. The vaccine, they reported, produces fever and spots, but the children involved in the trials went about with normal activity and appetite. Much work has to be done to improve the vaccine and test it in further field trials, but doctors are optimistic about the long-sought vaccine. Much work is involved in making a vaccine. The organisms that cause the disease have to be killed or weakened. This work can be done by chemicals, heat, or growth in test tubes for many generations. When the dead or weak germs are injected, they are not strong enough to make you sick. They stimulate your body's defenses to form antibodies for fighting future invaders that might cause the disease. Vaccines are one of medicine's biggest weapons in the battle against disease, and doctors hope they can be an even bigger weapon in the future. Here are the facts on some of the vaccines under study: 1. Poliomyelitis. Doctors are alarmed at the number of people who have not taken advantage of polio shots. Throughout the United States less than half of the children under five have had three injections, and almost a third have had no vaccine. Many people under 40 have not had the basic three injections, and some have had no vaccine. This makes too many people under age 40 who are not completely protected. In the years of use, the polio shots have been found to be effective, but the paralytic form of the disease is increasing. This fact, said Dr. Leroy E. Burney, Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, can be attributed basically to one causeтАФfailure of the population to take full advantage of the vaccine in advance of a year of high polio prevalence. T 16 Preschool children are extremely vulnerable to the paralytic form, and especially need the vaccinations. Dr. Albert B. Sabin of the University of Cincinnati has developed a promising oral vaccine. With the oral polio pills, says Dr. Sabin, only one dose is needed and immunity may last longer. It is cheaper and easier to give and is especially useful in countries having limited resources. Results in field tests with the polio pills are encouraging so far. In Africa, field tests on a mass scale were conducted with 244,000 inhabitants receiving the pills. No sickness was reported after administration of the pills. Other studies on various oral polio pills were conducted on two million Colombian children, on people in the Soviet Union, Mexico, the Netherlands, and in a group of volunteer families in a University of Minnesota student housing project. 2. Tetanus. Every school child should be immunized against tetanus. The shots are usually combined for tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, and polio. Some doctors recommend an annual summer booster shot of tetanus for all children and extension of tetanus immunization to adults, particularly industrial workers. Tetanus is still a hazard in the United States. Public apathy toward immunization allows hundreds of deaths each year, mostly from minor wounds. 3. Common Cold. The biggest problem with developing cold vaccines is that so many different kinds of germ can cause colds. Dr. Winston H. Price of Johns Hopkins University announced the isolation of one of the viruses that cause the common cold, then developed a vaccine to the virus, and tested it on hundreds of volunteer boys during epidemics in several schools. The vaccine prevented colds caused by the virus in 80 per cent of the boys up to eight months. Another vaccine that may prevent 60 to 70 per cent of all common colds was tested by Dr. Thomas G. Ward at Notre Dame University. He combined eleven different vaccines into a one-barrel shot and tested it in field trials in schools, prisons, and industry. LIFE Sc HEALTH 4. Grippe (often called influenza). Similar to colds are the sore throat, fever, and watery eyes of grippe, caused by the APC viruses. A vaccine against these viruses was developed by Dr. Robert Huebner of the National Institutes of Health. In tests on prison volunteers it prevented 70 per cent of them from getting grippe symptoms. When tested on recruits at Great Lakes Naval Training Center, it proved up to 70 per cent effective, and at Fort Dix, New Jersey, it prevented nearly 90 per cent of respiratory illness. 5. Asian Flu. U.S. Navy and Public Health Service scientists reported that a commercially prepared vaccine proved encouragingly effective in preventing Asian influenza among a group of naval recruits. More than 3,300 recruits entering training just before the 1958 outbreak of Asian flu were studied. Scientists inoculated a third of them with Asian strain vaccine, a third with an older multistrain vaccine containing no Asian strain, and a. third with a harmless salt solution. The Asian strain vaccine reduced illness 83 per cent and the multistrain 21 per cent. 6. Cancer. Viruses are being implicated more and more as one of the causes of cancer. If viruses are a cause, there is a possibility that a vaccine could be developed. In people, doctors find that antibody and immune reactions occur with cancer, which is hopeful evidence that a vaccine may work. Other studies show that a vaccine made from the patient's own tumor seems to increase his resistance to his cancer. Much more research is needed before even a small break-through can be expected. 7. Tuberculosis. TB is still a major problem. It is the chief killer among infectious diseases, with 100,000 new cases every year. The only available vaccine against tuberculosis is BCG, made from a strain of living tubercle bacilli. It is used extensively for mass vaccination in some countries, but not in the United States. Here, BCG is recommended for people who are unavoidably exposed to tuberculosis, such as personnel in hospitals and prisons, families with a tuberculosis patient living at home, and in communities where TB is a particular problem. A new method of giving BCG was tried at the University of Illinois. It was done, not by injection, but by placing the subject in a closed room and spraying the BCG vaccine into the air. The vaccine is effective in most people after they have breathed the air for thirty minutes. 8. Undulant Fever. Undulant fever, also called brucellosis, is an infectious disease that a person can get from goats, cows, hogs, or from drinking infected unpasteurized milk. A vaccine against it will successfully prevent the disease in animals and people. Studies have shown that mass immunization of people is practical in areas where undulant fever occurs often. Cases have been reduced from a third to a tenth of the usual. 9. Mumps. The Russians reported a vaccine for mumps that gave favorable results when tested on 35,000 children in Leningrad. During an outbreak of MAY, 1961 mumps, there were ten times more cases in unvaccinated than in vaccinated children. 10. Tick Fever. The virus that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the infection that plagues many campers and mountain climbers in the West, has been isolated. An experimental vaccine has been prepared against it and is being tried in human volunteers. These are the major vaccines under study. Which are in common use for the general public? How often should adults get them? Here is an immunization schedule for adults that was outlined in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It gives optimum intervals for adult immunization, assuming that an adequate initial immunization series was given. Smallpox vaccination is needed every three years. Diphtheria immunization is not recommended for adults except where a person shows no immunity after exposure to special risks. A tetanus booster dose should be given at the time of each injury where the danger of tetanus exists, with reinjection in the absence of injury at intervals of no longer than five years. Typhoid reinforcing injections are necessary every three years. Influenza injections should be given every year to aged or chronically ill people. Not enough time has gone by to learn about the duration of protection conferred by poliomyelitis injections, but a fourth dose given not earlier than one (To page 23) year after the third dose could be If a vaccine can save your child from polio, it is worth while. J. BYRON I DC,: 17 When you are tense during the day, your sleep will be affected. A CLARENCE W. DAIL, M.D. USCULAR relaxation is the absence of muscle tension. In relaxation a muscle is at complete rest, there is not the slightest contraction. In order to relax fully you should be able to recognize tension in your own muscles anywhere in your body. You should learn to discontinue it as it occurs. This control is the basic principle of being able to relax. A muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers. Each fiber is supplied by a nerve connection called a motor nerve end plate, which is connected to a tiny nerve fiber. Up to three hundred of the muscle nervefiber elements are attached to a main nerve fiber, like branches on the limb of a tree. The main nerve fiber arises from a single nerve cell in the front part of the spinal cord. Thus a single nerve cell may directly control a group of one hundred to three hundred muscle fibers in the muscle as far as three feet away from it. Such a group of muscle fibers 18 and their nerve supply is called a motor unit. Every muscle of your body is made up of many such motor units. Every motor unit of muscle fibers will contract vigorously in a twitchlike manner. These twitches will be complete or entirely absent. The degree of contraction depends only on the frequency of nerve signals arising from the corresponding nerve cell in the spinal cord. A slight contraction results from only a few twitches per second, a marked contraction from many per second. The degree of contraction of the muscle as a whole depends also on the number of motor units functioning. In full contraction of a muscle all the motor units in that muscle are functioning and each as rapidly as it can. In a weak contraction only a few scattered units function. In complete relaxation none are functioning. With every muscle movement in the body there is a chemical reaction. With every chemical reaction in the body there is an accompanying electrical reaction, charge, force, or voltage. This is true of the muscles of the stomach and intestines during digestion. Such chemical and electrical reaction also occurs during brain and nerve reaction. The electrical reaction takes the form of waves, which can be analyzed by your doctor. They can be recorded on paper for examination of brain activity. In the diagnosis of heart disease the electrocardiograph may be used to record the small electrical currents from the heart. Our primary interest is in the electrical forces, waves, or action currents that arise from a contracting muscle. These currents are too small to study by the use of ordinary meters and recording devices. To amplify the electrical forces adequately from nearly relaxed muscle, an instrument must be used that is LIFE & HEALTH able to detect vibrating forces as small as a millionth of a volt. The apparatus, an electromyograph, is similar to radio in that it uses vacuum tubes to amplify. After amplification, the vibrating forces may be indicated by meters, they may be recorded by photography or a pen that traces on paper moving along like ticker tape, or they may be visualized on a cathode-ray tube similar to a television tube. The usual electromyograph apparatus consists essentially of two or three wires connected to the muscle under study. Usually one of these wires ends in a needle, which is inserted directly into the muscle. The amplifier is a very sensitive loud-speaker that makes the electrical waves audible, and a televisionlike cathode-ray screen makes these waves visible. On the cathode-ray screen a spot of light travels from left to right. Usually it is made to travel so rapidly that the spots looks like a line. When an electrical wave arises from the muscle, the spot travels up and down while traveling from left to right. Thus we find a wave. Figure 1 shows a tracing of what would be seen on the screen when there is no muscle activityтАФwhen the muscle is fully relaxed. The line is smooth, with no waves except for a slight fine movement caused by the amplifier itself. Figure 2 shows a tracing when there is slight contraction. Observe the shape of the waves. The type of sound produced by the loud-speaker varies as the waves vary, and helps in the analysis. A careful study of the tracing in Figure 2 shows recurrence of the same wave pattern; in fact, there are three distinct patterns of shape and heightтАФa, b, and c. Each of the three patterns is from a separate motor unit that results from the activity of three specific nerve cells in the spinal cord. A tracing such as this represents only slight tension in the small area of the muscle studied. A much more pronounced tension is illustrated in Figure 3. In it there are so many motor units contracting that they cannot be distinguished. Many studies using this kind of instrument have been made to learn more about the physiology of muscle action, sleep, and thought. These studies, observations made on patients and subjects, and observations made by the patient on himself have resulted in some valuable findings. Electromyographic studies present evidence that even the thought of some activity requiring movement of a certain muscle causes an increase in the tension of that muscle, as demonstrated by the sense of tension and increase in electrical activity. This has been the case with so many muscles and varied thoughts that it appears that muscle movement and tension may be a necessary accompaniment of thought. The muscles of the eyes and speech appear to be especially associated with thought. It is common experience that thought and- emotion are reflected by facial grimaces and movements of the body. The idea that muscle action is necessary for thought is affirmed by the observation of patients who have been taught to relax all the muscles of the body, especially of the eyes, jaws, and tongue. These patients MAY, 1961 often say that when they have reached the stage of perfect relaxation, no thought is possible. Scientists have demonstrated a relationship between muscle tension and internal-organ activity. It is called reflex action. A reflex response consists of some muscular movement resulting from stimulation of the skin or deeper tissue, such as the tendon of the kneecap. It depends on nerves that run from the area stimulated to the spinal cord and -back to the muscle. The brain takes no direct part in this process. In a perfectly relaxed muscle there is suppression of even these reflex contractions. Relaxation of the muscles of the body produces a quieting effect, and in many instances symptoms that are due to spasm of internal organs can be relieved by relaxation. In everyday living we often allow vicious cycles to be set up. Anxiety and worry cause muscle tension. Muscle tension is likely to cause spasmodic activity of the internal organs, and the spasm is likely to cause undesirable symptoms, such as loss of sleep. As if the original anxiety were not enough, worry about the secondary symptoms may further aggravate the condition. Such vicious cycles may be brought under control by relaxation. See Figure 4. It is not necessary to do an electromyogram to (To page 21) demonstrate an unrelaxed state. FIGURE I TRACING OF RELAXED MUSCLE A C A B A C A B IL! FIGURE 2 TRACING OF SLIGHTLY CONTRACTING MUSCLE I KA i FIGURE 3 TRACING OF HEAVY CONTRACTION \\ ti: PAIN SPASM OF INTERNAL ORGANS LOSS OF SLEEP FIGURE 4 INTERRUPTION OF THE VICIOUS CYCLE 19 the 3amilj Yhjsician We do not diagnose or treat disease by mail, but answer general health questions. Enclose stamped. addressed envelope. Address: Family Physician, LIFE Rh Blood Factor What causes erythroblastosis in the newborn? Erythroblastosis sometimes presents itself because of the Rh factors involved in the mother, father, and child. This quality of the blood was not known until about twenty years ago. It has become so important an observation that we find that physicians generally test the Rh of the mother very early. If there has been a history, a series of tests are taken every few weeks through the course of the pregnancy to determine whether an unfavorable condition is developing. If so, suitable steps can be taken to ward off pos- CT HEALTH, Washington 12, D.C. sible serious results in mother or child. Sometimes children born with erythroblastosis can be helped by an exchanged transfusion of blood shortly after they are born. By this we mean drawing blood from them and replacing suitable blood so that in the course of a few hours practically all the natural blood has been removed and they have been given blood compatible with normal health and development. We have seen this done in some instances with gratifying results. The Rh factor is of sufficient importance to the prospective mother that the attending physician should closely watch, supervise, and make repeated tests of her condition. NEXT MONTH NO WOMAN TALKS YOUNG MAN AND MAIDEN BY CHESTER L. ROBERTS, M.D. BY HAROLD SHRYOCK, M.D. No woman talks about trichomonas vaginitis, but it is a problem to many married couples. Courting days can be a delightful prelude to the happiest time of life if the couple is wise. Oil Enemas Do you recommend oil enemas? What can be done about oil leakage afterward? The injection of oil by rectum often causes a little annoyance for a few days or weeks. One should take the injection with the hips raised above the level of the body and preferably while lying on the left side. If the injection, which is usually three or four ounces, is done very slowly, there is not much tendency for it to leak away after the first or second installation. After injection, one should remain in this same position in bed so that the oil can work its way up the colon. There is no harm in taking a day or two for movement, in fact often this is an advantage in establishing the normal function of the bowel. We have seen people develop a good habit of bowel action by the use of oil enemas when they have тАвdepended on other enemas and cathartics for twenty years. r * * Sweaty Feet Can you suggest a remedy for odorous sweating feet. SALADS REGULAR FEATURES BY M. DOROTHEA VAN GUNDY JONES FAMILY FIRESIDE DIETITIAN SAYS Delicious salads are a part of every healthful diet. Don't miss these varied and beautiful salads. 1; 20 тАвInn HOME NURSING тАвтАв+- тАв , The question you ask about odor of the feet is sometimes difficult to answer. For reasons not understood, there are periods when sweating feet become quite odorous without apparent cause and reason. The best thing that can be done, we think, is to bathe the feet frequently with soap and water, washing them as clean as possible, and applying an astringent foot powder. Several of such powders are available. The feet must be cared for by frequent cleansing and changing of socks so that damp articles are not kept in contact with the feet and shoes continually. тАв LIFE & HEALTH results in irritability, inefficiency, and fi- the cause of these emotions unless you nally disease. When you find it difficult to trust in divine leadership, protection, and (From page 19) sleep, you may try many measures in forgiveness. When you have corrected any your effort to remedy the situation. Often wrong done to others your sense of doing Simple and often casual observation is such attempts not only are worthless but right is a marvelous soother of the nerves. adequate. There is no movement, ir- may increase the insomnia or cause some It permits restful sleep. ritability, muscle stiffness, or tension other injury. This is especially true when Body disturbance due to disease may wrinkles if the muscles are perfectly re- you use sedative drugs. cause insomnia. Sleep is difficult when laxed. The ability to sleep and the soundness there is pain. Fatigue may be so severe as Outward signs such as body movement, of sleep differ widely from one person to to drive away sleep. Lack of exercise may restlessness, irritability, muscle stiffness, another. One person's sleep may not be allow the body to remain tense, so that and wrinkles give clues of muscle tension. disturbed by loud noise. Another per- sleep is difficult. Nervous exhaustion Muscle tension and contraction of the son's sleep may be disturbed by only a causes insomnia; physical fatigue invites face produce wrinkles. Wrinkles may be whisper. Some people sleep quietly. Oth- sleep. Extreme hunger may cause wakepermanent or transient. They may be ers toss to and fro throughout the night. fulness, but eating a hearty meal just bethe result of prolonged tension, of strain Sound sleep is not likely to be associated fore retiring may prevent sleep. A hot lasting for months or years, or of a fleet- with unpleasant dreams, for it is restful. drink should relieve hunger enough to ing emotion. Character becomes evident Sound sleep is favored by a relaxed con- invite sleep. in the face, because the face reveals the dition when you are falling to sleep. PeoRegulation of all the factors that conhistory of emotions and the degree of con- ple suffering from inability to sleep would tribute to insomnia naturally will imtrol in the person's make-up. prove sleep. Eliminate them wherever posbenefit from learning how to relax. Watch yourself to detect persistent musSleep is often disturbed by modern liv- sible. The most important physical faccle tension. Are you at this moment hold- ing. Amusements and sports are likely to tor is nervous and muscular tension. If ing any part of your body stiff in a way excite. Many motion pictures stir up the you are able to relax, you may often sleep that is not necessary to the performance emotions to the point that sleep is im- well in spite of other aggravating condiof what you are doing? While you are possible. Competitive business is often tions. In this world there is much that now reading, are you holding your shoul- the cause of mental tension and worry will interfere with quietude. Learn to reders and arms in a stiff position? Are you that may carry over into the small hours lax all the nerve and muscular tensions fidgeting with something? When perform- of the night. It is important to your that you have come to think of as necesing a task, do you make many unnecessary health to control these factors. sary. moves? Do you talk unnecessarily? Do You cultivate nerve and muscle relaxaFear, a guilty conscience, remorse, and you usually maintain a one-sided conver- grief are important factors in the cause tion only by persistent and repeated pracsation? Do you startle easily at unex- of insomnia. It is impossible to remove (To page 23) pected noises? Do you feel nervous and, when you stop to analyze yourself, find that most of your muscles are drawn tight? Do you clench the steering wheel when you drive? If you must answer Yes to these questions, you show evidence of undesirable tension. A more accurate kind of observation is made by tension sense. To be able to follow tension sense you need special training, for ordinarily this sense is not recognized. In order to learn it properly you need personal instruction. To become GOLDEN alert to tension sense is similar to learnGLOW SALAD ing any type of skill. It requires diligent тАФno need to practice. Essentially, it is learning to recgrate'carrots ognize the feeling of tension in the region with Eveready! of your body where there is muscular activity. CARROTTension can be observed quite easily Ilrilb RAISIN when there is strong contraction of musMUFFINS 4111, тАФsoeasy, cle, for example in the biceps, the muscle so good Billy shows off when he clenches his fist with and doubles up his arm. The detection anymeal ! of tension sense is practiced with decreasing amounts of contraction until it can GOLDEN be noticed even when there is no percepGRIDDLE tible motion. When you become suffiCAKES тАФso unusual ciently sensitive to tension sense, you can and nutritious feel muscles tighten up when you merely at breakfast! think of contracting them. When you learn to detect muscle tenSend for your sion you also learn how to release it. Here are wonderful ways to give your family their free copy today ! Thus you learn to truly .relax. By relax- needed Vitamin A! And remember, Eveready Write: "Eveready Recipes," Hawaiian ing the sensation you feel in the muscle Pineapple Co., Ltd., is the richer carrot juice because it's always you relax the tension. Dept. L, San Jose 8, California Sleep is a necessary body function. The made from midwinter California carrots. inability to sleep is called insomnia. It EVEREADY THE RICHER CARROT JUICE! HOW TO RELAX vit recipe boo MAY, 1961 21 By ROBERT F. CHINNOCK, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, College of Medical Evangelists School of Medicine, Los Angeles Polio Immunization Is it necessary for my children to have polio shots again this year? At the present time it is recommended that polio immunizations be given yearly after the first series of shots. If it is a year since your child had an immunization, it is time for another. Recently, we have heard a lot about a new oral vaccine that will replace injections. It appears that this is a method of immunization preferable to injections, and it may provide more lasting protection. Even though a child had injections of Salk vaccine, the oral preparation will be effective when it becomes available. Immunization against polio is helpful in preventing the severe complications of the disease, and it has markedly reduced the crippling effects. Do not neglect polio immunization. MOTHER REMEMBERED By ELAINE V. EMANS I sit by the window, sewing, looking out Now and then at a sound or a bird going by, And I see you again at a far-off window, sewing, Lifting your head occasionally, as I. Hiccups I sit by the window with all women, past And present, holding a thread and needle, sewing, Looking up at the shout of children's laughter, Perhaps, or passing birds. I sit here knowThought often runs more smoothly through the hours Than thread after a needle. I know how A woman makes a garment of contentment, Sitting here by the window, sewing now. Pureed Baby Foods How long is it necessary to continue pureed baby foods? With the ready availability of pur├йed fruits and vegetables today, mothers often use these commercial products instead of preparing food themselves. It is entirely proper for the mother to prepare all the foods for her baby if she wishes to do so, but the ease of opening a can and not needing to clean a strainer is very appealing. In general, foods coarser than pur├йed may be started when the child begins to put a lot of things into his mouth and to chew on objects. This will usually be about six months of age. It is not necessary to give the junior foods. Mashing with a fork or pressing through a coarse strainer with a spoon the cooked fruits and vegetables the rest of the family eats is preferable to using strained foods from a can. 22 As soon as practical, the baby should learn to like food his mother prepares rather than manufactured infant food. The food should be simple and seasoned only with a little salt and perhaps a touch of butter or margarine. My baby has frequent hiccups after eating, and they upset him a lot. What can I do to stop them? It is common during the first few months of life for a baby to have hiccups, particularly after meals, but they should not cause concern. When they occur, the child may have a bubble of gas in the stomach that needs to come up. Picking him up and burping him or giving him some warm water will usually help. If it does not, do not worry. Hiccups usually bother the parents more than the baby. Seldom does a baby appear to be in distress or cry with them. They may be noted occasionally while the child is sleeping, and he should riot be awakened in an attempt to get them to stop. Childhood Diabetes Mashing the food can gradually be abandoned as the child learns to chew. A few particles of undigested food may appear in the stool. They are not an indication to discontinue giving coarse foods. If pureed food is given too long, the baby becomes used to the soft consistency and does not readily accept coarser food. It is not necessary for a child to have teeth before starting coarse food. Some children may be more than a year old before getting the first tooth, and coarse food should be started before then. My child was recently diagnosed as having diabetes, and I have heard a lot about the use of tablets instead of insulin. Do you recommend that I try them on my child? In the last few years several preparations to be taken by mouth have been developed that have the effect of lowering blood sugar. For adult diabetes, these preparations often are helpful in decreasing insulin dosage and at times may make insulin dosage unnecessary. Childhood, or juvenile, diabetes is quite different from adult diabetes. Oral LIFE & HEALTH medicine is seldom of much benefit for juvenile diabetes, and though the tablets may provide some benefit, insulin is still necessary. If tablets are beneficial, usually they are ineffective after the child has had diabetes two or three years. It is a mistake not to give insulin for juvenile diabetes. Nothing will take the place of insulin along with an adequate diet and proper exercise. тАв * HOW TO RELAX (From page 21) tice. It may require months to relax; take heart. Skill in most manual activities takes longer than this. Perfection in relaxing cannot be expected from the study of these articles alone; welcome any help that may come your way. Much depends on your personal effort. Learning to relax properly involves your basic habits of life. Training yourself to respond calmly to your varied surroundings and the conflicting tensions you meet is a first step. Then you can more easily relax muscles that are not needed for the task at hand. Relaxation is really not difficult. The real difficulty is unlearning tension. Lift your arm. Doing so requires effort. If you resist the motion, your effort will be greater. Next, do not bother to lift your arm. Let it fall limply. That is the opposite of exertion. It is relaxation. The chief difficulty during an attempt to relax is that you are fighting it with a corresponding effort. You are using one muscular effort to try to relax another. Relaxation requires no effort; it is the opposite of effort. You are geared for action, and you must learn how to produce inaction. In our next and last article we will deal with the actual technique of relaxation. тАв WELCOME ALL THE CHILDREN (From page 13) eleven years, the barrier will one day be destroyed, and formerly cruelly rejected children can find some happiness. Maria Killilea in her book telling the story of her CP daughter, Karen, lists some rules of attitude she thinks are important to the cerebral palsied: 1. A CP is a child first, handicapped second. 2. The CP should receive compassion тАФbut pity, never. 3. There must not be overprotection, and fear must be conquered, for fear undermines and destroys. 4. The CP's goal is to become a selfrespecting and self-supporting member of society. MAY, 1961 The CP has long been labeled hopeless, but modern medicine is proving that this is not so. The objectives of the CP campaign are to inform, to dispel ignorance, and to encourage acceptance of the CP. Lack of other people's understanding is in large measure responsible for the fact that not more of the cerebral palsied have made a completely satisfactory adjustment to society. Could you stand being cut to the heart by repeated rejections? Leonard Goldenson, founder of the United Cerebral Palsy Association, said, "The big problem, and a costly one, is in training . . . the public." тАв AUTOMATIC PULP-EJECTING JUICING EVEN FOR BLENDER LEAFY VEGETABLES parsley. grossтАФall fnAts,vegeMbles. "JUICEFASTER" Make pitcherfuls, not glassfuls, of clear juice! Capacity unlimited, yet unit is compact. EFFICIENCY never dreamed of. 9 sets of stainless steel cutters incorporated in I. Pulp fine as dust. Get up to 14 oz. juice from 16 oz. of carrots. (Compare with other machines at $150.1 JUICER at only $89.90. Blender attachment included if ordered now. WRITEтАФ NATURAL FOODS, INC. MENOPAUSE MOODS 8615 Usher Rd., Cleveland 38, Ohio Dept. IF-LH5 (From page 15) than justified by the temporary relief they afford. Mild outdoor exercise during the day, a warm bath just before retiring, and an attitude of equanimity are rational means of counteracting nervousness. 7. Cultivate a happy frame of mind. Choose friends who are optimistic. Develop a hobby you enjoy. Encourage a taste for good music. Develop confidence and faith in divine guidance and watchcare. тАв LL SUNDAY Invite Others to Listen to the Voice of Prophecy A King, a Dream, and You Christ Our Prophet Christ Our Priest Christ Our King May 7 14 21 28 VACCINES (From page 17) administered to people exposed to special risks. This is a general guiding schedule, which varies according to circumstances. For people traveling to areas where smallpox is prevalent, revaccination every six months may be desirable. People living in areas where typhoid is common should get a booster dose every year. Doctors urge that parents make sure their children receive proper first vaccina tions and that adults continue with their later vaccinations. Vaccines, they say, are one of today's best weapons in preventing disease, and offer one of the strongest hopes for defeating some of our still unconquered diseases. тАв Get RELIEF From Arthritic, Rheumatic Pain with 7/toidt meat Effective help for neuritis, colds, and "flu" with THERMOPHORE "fomentations." FACTORY PRICE Money-back Guarantee Pain-soothing heat "at the snap of a switch" gives you quick relaxation and relief from soreness. The Battle Creek THERMOPHORE replaces messy old-style hot packs and wet towels with quick, convenient, moist-heat fomentations. USED BY FAMOUS SANITARIUMS ... Seat Belts Safer Tests have shown that persons wearing properly installed car seat belts have two and a half times fewer injuries, and three and a half times fewer dangerous or fatal injuries than those who are not wearing seat belts. тАв A professional appliance, yet safely, easily used at home. Satisfied users testify to the effectiveness of the THERMOPHORE when moist heat is desired. Included arc a 27" x 13" electric unit (uses AC or DC current), two washable covers, a safety thermostat, a switch, and a 10' cord. Write Today for Literature THERMOPHORE Battle Creek Equipment Co. Dept. LH-51, Battle Creek, Michigan 23 Send your questions on family problems to: The Family Fireside, LIFE Cy By HAROLD SHRYOCK, M.D. HEALTH, Washington 12, D.C. Enclose stamped, addressed envelope for reply. LET'S NOT QUARREL UARRELING is dangerous. It leads to resentment and hatred. It may Q even lead to divorce. AMIDIEXIMIKICKIKIMECIESOLICIME3CrIC3C) REFRESHMENT Then why do people quarrel? Is it beBy JUNE LEE cause they hate each other? Hatred may Cool as dew encourage quarreling and quarreling And freshly filled may generate hatred, but usually hatred By morning rain. is the by-product of quarreling, not its To my pool cause. In search of drink Quarreling starts with an attempt to A robin came, communicateтАФan effort to talk things Pruned and plucked over. The attempt to talk is desirable, And tidied up, commendable. Communication is necesThen took to wing. sary in every organization, particularly From the spruce tree within the family unit. But when feelings On the hill are on edge, when selfishness creeps in, I heard him sing. when emotions flare out of control, the attempt to talk degenerates into an unhappy contest of who can say the meanest things the fastest. The fear of quarreling should not keep a husband and wife from discussing their problems and trying sincerely to find solutions. There is one thing that is worse than quarreling, and that is failure to discuss. Even quarrels are preferred to brooding. A discussion of problems within the sequence of events in your courtship and family need not bring husband and wife marriage. to the brink of a quarrel. The man and I assume that you are normal, typical woman who are genuinely Christian in American people. I assume that you have their attitudes can profit greatly from each other's interests at heart fundaconversations in which they express their mentally. I am confident that the reason opinions and state their cases in an hon- you want your husband to correct perest, factual manner without the least sonal faults is that you want to be sure show of anger. he will be a success in life; you want him to be well received in the family Discovering Faults and by your group of friends. I would guess that yours was a happy How can I help my husband to recognize his faults and correct them? We courtship, with each of you on your have been married for three years, and good behavior, trying to make the most I have come to know him pretty well. favorable impression. Before your marI have tried to help him, but he resents riage it is probable that both of you were blind to personal faults. The attimy help. What can I do? tude of lovers is typically tolerant and By reading between the lines of your full of hope for the best. As lovers you question, I should like to make a guess were confident that your home would be on what kind of people you are and the nearly perfect. 24 After marriage, as you began to settle down to the realities of everyday living, it doubtless came to you as a shocking revelation that your husband had some human frailties after all. The first time you noticed that he was impatient you doubtless tried to explain it by saying that he was tired. So far as carelessness in personal neatness is concerned, you may have blamed poor training as a child. His tendency to procrastinate probably had you worried from the start, for you realized it would handicap him in his progress toward making a good living. So you attempted to help him by giving him good wifely counsel. You had no thought but that he would thank you for the tip and promptly set about to correct his weakness. You tried to be as objective and tactful as possible as you mentioned his tendency to put things off. To your surprise, he did not thank you for your trouble. He shocked you by countering with a list of your faults. Your first quarrel began. Now for your question, "What can I do?" You know by now that you can't point out your husband's faults and tell him how to correct them. Place your emphasis on his good qualities. During courtship you observed only his good qualities. Try to regain the attitude you had toward him before you were married. He still has the old good qualities. Look for them, and you will find them. They are what you must use as a foundation for future hopes. Don't try to rebuild your husband's personality. He is an individual in his own right, and he may not want to be changed. Commend him for what he does well. Encourage him in his interestsтАФnot yours. Settle down to the fact that your husband is the kind of man he is. Encourage him as tactfully as you can to make the most of life in ways consistent with his particular set of good qualities. LIFE & HEALTH The Contest for Supremacy How can my wife and I rise above a contest for supremacy? A contest for supremacy usually has its roots in events that took place long before marriage. It is only natural that during courtship and before, each one built himself up in his own estimation as a desirable person. Each received compliments from friends on his personal traits. Each had reason to think that his attitudes and way of life were quite satisfactory and worth defending. With a favorable appraisal of one's own personality, it is natural to resist the efforts of anyone elseтАФeven a partner in marriageтАФto bring about a change in attitude and preference. Usually just after the honeymoon the first evidences of a contest for supremacy appear. The husband is often more aggressive in this contest. The wife 'very WowawaloweeeessmooWnWawaelel What do you give the man who has everything? Encouragement!тАФSelected. naturally offers resistance when the policies her husband advocates are different from those she is accustomed to. For her to give in too readily to his ideas would be the same as admitting that she is not as desirable a person as he. It would be the same as conceding that her home background, which had its influence in making her what she is, was inferior. She thinks she should have equal voice in determining the policies of their home. The greater the difference in background and attitude of a young husband and wife, the more heated may be the contest for supremacy. The more determined each person to establish himself as superior, the more difficult the adjustment. When the parents of either newlywed live close by, an added complication is present. It is humiliating for the new husband or the new wife to admit to his parents that he had to give in on a point of difference. The parents think that what was good enough for them should be good enough for the newly married couple. They may even encourage their son or daughter to hold out on certain questions, making it more difficult for the young couple to work out the necessary compromise. To rise above the contest for supremacy, three things are necessary: 1. Unselfish deference for each other. This induces a husband and wife to place high value on harmony in their home. It induces them to give first consideration to each other's wishes over the wishes of parents and close friends. 2. Willingness to talk freely. To live MAY, 1961 harmoniously, a husband and wife must be able to talk things through without heat of emotion. They must respect each other's feelings and opinions. They must find ways to talk to each other about grievances rather than let their pet peeves smolder and generate tension. 3. A practical concept of teamwork. A husband and wife together should organize their home life. They should arrive at an understanding as to which duties and responsibilities each will assume. Once the pattern of family conduct is agreed, each should entrust to the other his part, making sure he does his own faithfully. тАв JUICES --- improve your diet --Help yourself to a better Diet with the ALL Stainless Steel K&K SHREDDER JUICER where you get: 25% MORE JUICE! BE GOOD TO YOUR FEET (From page 11) you will get welcome relief through rest, massage, foot baths, special shoes, and exercises. If you suffer from other body ailments that you suspect are caused by your feet, seek help from a foot specialist. The national Foot Health Council, an educational and research group devoted to helping the public find relief from foot trouble, has laid down nine basic rules: 1. Bathe your feet daily or even several times a day. Scrub gently with a soft brush to remove dead skin. Dry thoroughly and use foot powder. 2. Do not wear the same shoes and socks or stockings two days in a row. Change during the day if the feet become wet from rain or perspiration. 3. Cut your toenails straight across, leaving enough nail so that the edges extend past the toe flesh. 4. Wear all-leather shoes with good toe space. Use the correct shoe for the right occasion. Wear high heels only a few hours at a time, and do not wear flimsy slippers for heavy housework. 5. Be sure to buy your shoes of the proper size and last, and socks or stockings at least half an inch longer than your longest toe. 6. Exercise your feet with your shoes off. Wriggle your toes. Elevate the feet to aid circulation. Standing onтАв a book, bend your toes over its edge. Pick up a pencil with your toes. 7. Learn correct posture. Proper walking calls for your feet to' be straight ahead. 8. Examine yourself and your children periodically for foot defects, ill-fitting shoes, and bad walking habits. 9. Don't doctor yourself. If your feet need attention, consult an orthopedist, a chiropodist, or a podiatrist. They are the only ones who can set your feet in the right path. тАв with the all Stainless Steel K&K SHREDDER JUICER at all Diet Food Stores or write to Dept. KNUTH ENGINEERING COMPANY L-5 1720 N. California Ave., Chicago 47, III. You Need REA What's DIFFERENT about TORUMEL YEAST TORUMEL YEAST has a Protein Efficiency Ratio up to 80% higher than Torula or Brewer's yeast. You get vital B-complex vitamins and minerals plus balanced Amino-Acids which greatly increase protein utilization. Protein can be harmful when improperly utilized; it is not how much you take, but how much your body can use efficiently. TORUMEL, unlike many food yeasts, is easily digested, readily assimilated. Fabulous-for-Flavor! You owe it to yourself to try TORUMEL. You'll like it! Morning, Noon or Night! Available as: POWDERтАФthat dissolves instantly in hot or cold water. TABLETSтАФfor convenient easyto-take measured amounts. 'PRICES Powder: Tablets: or 14 es. 250 1,000 $1.50 $2.00 $6.00 It not available at your Health Food Store, order direct I rom THE EMENEL co. LOMA LINDA, CALIF. 25 Jhe qotacii This page is dedicated to all our Golden Age readers who are still young at heart. It is designed to improve and encourage active hobbies, good diet, and outdoor exercise. By OWEN S. PARRETT, M.D. SENILITY ETTER that the mind outlive the body than the body outlive the B mind. The term is often used vegetable to describe the tragic case of an infant or child whose mentality is badly damaged or lost; it is equally tragic when an elderly person is no longer capable of using his reasoning powers. I have cared for many elderly people in hospitals, and often they become hostile toward husband or wife, sometimes refusing to see him, even though the loved one brought a gift as a token of his loving care and interest. These are sad cases even to a doctor, who may be used to witnessing human suffering. Mental suffering is often harder to bear than physical pain. As we get older, certain changes are likely to occur in the body structures. The blood vessels tend to harden, depending on three factorsтАФhereditary tendency, diet, and environment. We may be able to do nothing about it if father, mother, or grandparents died of a stroke or became senile with arteries of the brain foremost in developing arteriosclerosis. We can take extra precautions with the hope that it won't happen to us, and the earlier in life we start to prevent. it the better the chance of keeping our arteries soft and elastic. We all know people who might best be called worriersтАФalways concerned about what probably will seldom happen. If the weather is good, it probably means they are in for a hot or a cold spell. If it is bad, it is too bad. You seldom catch these people whistling or singing. The atmosphere about them is heavy with smog. Pessimism predisposes to almost every ailment flesh is heir to, including hardened arteries. Are you one of those people who cannot rest until they run an index finger over the door tops to be sure there is no dust on them? I have seen people wipe off knife, fork, and spoon before eating, 26 even in a first-class hotel. There is a middle of the road, which is better than being a worrywort. If you were born with a high-tension nervous system that worries at every street crossing, you had better start practicing relaxing. You might do as one doctor prescribed for a nervous business administrator whom he ordered to lean back in his swivel chair several times a day and say ten times, "I don't give a hang." Perhaps the good old Bible verse might be even better: "Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee." I like that verseтАФhave used it times without number, and it works. To combat hardening of the arteries, it is well to start young. Recently I was at breakfast with a doctor who is a specialist in internal medicine. The two children at the table were using skim milk on their breakfast cereal. The doctor remarked, "My children are going to keep away from saturated fatty acids and SPRING COMPOSITION By WINNIFRED J. MOTT A simple merry melody I've started to compose. It's rollicking and happy, and it will be till the dose. So far, I have a solo for a brook (with chuckles in it) And several baa's of baby lambs no bigger than a minute; A bullfrog and a cricket in a very odd duet, A cheery robin chorusтАФand it isn't finished yet. But when it is, then everyone who hears will want to sing Or hum or whistle right along with my gay song of spring. cholesterol, for now is the best time to build good arteries." What about people who have reached mid-life or beyond? There is all the more reason for us to exercise care in selecting a correct diet if we are to keep our minds elastic and our reasoning powers intact to a ripe old age. It came almost as a shock to me recently to learn that even of lean meats 75 per cent of the calorie or food value is in saturated fatty acids. This was told me by Dr. U. D. Register and later confirmed by Dr. Mervyn Hardinge, both well qualified in nutrition. Simply avoiding the fat meats is not the answer, but avoiding all meats would make a heavy contribution toward ensuring a good blood-vessel system. What about milk? Many people are using skim milk to keep weight under control. There is no reason why skim milk or buttermilk may not serve as well as or better than whole milk, except that many people don't like it so well at first. You might solve the problem of milk by using soy milk. I find that I like it better than cow's milk, and have reared several babies on it. Since we discovered four cases of leukemia in one year in the herd of cows cared for by the husband of one of my office nursesтАФall being milked at the time the diagnosis was madeтАФsoy milk tastes better to me than ever. There is an added factor in favor of the soy milk for those who may be troubled with excessive mucous, catarrhal conditions in nose and throat, and sinus difficulties. I have quizzed many of my patients for years as to whether they have observed any relation between the amount of milk drunk and mucous discharge from the nose and throat, and I have come to the conclusion that in spite of its denial even by some doctors there is a relationship between heavy milk drinking and mucous discharge. LIFE & HEALTH We should eliminate largely or entirely from the diet meat, animal fats, and even egg yolks, which run high in cholesterol content. On the other hand, fruits, juices, vegetables, and salads should reach an alltime high in the diet. The two nutrition authorities who told me the facts about lean meats gave me another surprise by saying that if people were to subsist entirely on fruits, the body could still meet its protein needs. Neither of these men is recommending that anyone become a fruitarian. An excess of protein serves no useful purpose. Countries like our own, where the protein in the diet is high, are where we find the highest incidence of cardiovascular disease, with its strokes, coronaries, and related illness. The next time one of your aging friends succumbs to a coronary or stroke or you hear of someone whose mind is failing while still well able to be about, stop, look, listen, and go to your corner grocery store and load up your market basket with fruit, juices, vegetables, and salad material. These, with a little wholegrain cereal and a few legumes, will take care of your every need, and may enable you to reach a ripe old age and not get lost trying to locate the bedroom in your own home. тАв TV and Genes Smoking and Your Heart Television viewers need not worry about receiving a damaging dose of radiation while watching the programs. This possibility is extremely remote. Even from the genetic point of view, the amount of radiation given off by the conventional television set appears reasonable, Drs. Carl B. Braestrup and Richard T. Mooney report in Science magazine. Field and laboratory tests have shown the yearly average radiation dose to be at least less than 5 per cent of the dose due to the average natural 'background radiation to the gonads. However, the possibility of somatic or noninheritable injuries to people during testing and servicing of TV sets should not be overlooked, the doctors say. Their tests involved only the panel of the television tube. Radiation transmitted by the funnel and other parts of the tube may be greater, they suggest. A radiation level as high as one roentgen per hour has been measured for other types of television tubes. Closed circuit television, electron microscopes, and theater projection-type TV tubes should also be checked carefully before being considered safe, the doctors conclude. тАв Cigarette smoking has long been linked with lung cancer. More recent research points up the dangers of early death from coronary heart disease in heavily smoking middle-aged men. "Heavy cigarette smoking may contribute to coronary heart disease and its complications," said Dr. A. Carlton Ernstene, president of the American Heart Association. Dr. Ernstene believes that because coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among the American people, its connection with smoking should be brought to the attention of the public. Continuing research is seeking the relationship between cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease, strokes, and other aspects of heart and blood vessel disease. Aggravation of these diseases may well be due to the effect of nicotine, which causes constriction of capillaries and blood vessels, a resultant narrowing of the blood supply to the heart, creating a favorable situation for coronary occlusionтАФa cutting off of the blood supply to the heart. The fight against heart disease is pointed up by the deaths of all ages that in 1960 top 903,270, as against cancer's 259,090. тАв A NURSING Homf- SERVICE The modern nursing home is a place where those in need of such facilities can be assured of competent nursing care, healthful, adequate diet, and congenial associations. It is a home away from home for loved ones who for various reasons should have nursing home care. Modern-day living with its related problems has created a demand for the nursing home service. But you want to be sure that you are entrusting your loved ones to a home that will make every needed contribution to their health, happiness, and general welfare. list only homes that are properly recognized and of good repute. For information write: LIFE AND HEALTH, As an aid to those who desire to explore the nursing home facilities in certain areas, we maintain a listing service for our readers and their friends. However, we MAY, 1961 Dept. LH-51, Washington 12, D.C., stating areas in which you are interested. We assume no responsibility other than to provide listing information. 27 By MARY CATHERINE NOBLE, R.N., R.P.T. THE CLEANSING ENEMA SHORT time ago, I received a letter from a home-nursing club. The members of the club were interested in learning how a cleansing enema should be given. They thought that many other readers of LIFE AND HEALTH might like the information too. When a person is in good health, he should not need laxatives or enemas, for a balanced diet, with adequate fruits and vegetables, acts as a natural regulator. Having a regular time for meals and not eating between meals is beneficial. Most people with a constipation problem find that eating more fruit and drinking little with meals is a help. Try drinking your water between meals rather than with them. These simple changes in diet plus thirty minutes of brisk exercise outdoors should cause elimination problems to disappear. A full lower bowel and colon stimulates the desire to empty the bowel. Normally this reaction occurs when the waste products of the body fill the bowel. This reaction is the principle behind the enema for cleansing. The water causes distention of the bowel, and in turn the patient feels the need to empty the bowel. Many physicians think that a salt solution is the enema solution of choice, but your physician may recommend another. The soft rubber rectal tip is better than the hard rubber tip sold with irrigating sets, but if the hard tip is the only one available and the patient is able to insert it himself, the procedure should not be too uncomfortable. Lubricate the tip with vaseline before inserting. Be certain the tip is well in place before releasing the water. One common mistake in giving an enema is having the patient in a sitting position. This means that the solution must be under greater pressure to enter at all, and when it does enter, it probably pools in the lower part of the bowel. This pooling defeats the purpose of the enema, which is to cleanse the bowel. The patient should be lying down, pref- A 28 OF WHITE By JANE MERCHANT There was, of course, the gold of sun And fathomless sky-deep blue, And the many million leaves were one Green harmony that grew Into each act and word and thought. But it wasn't only of gold And blue and green that the day was wrought, For there was a manifold Wonder of white clouds casually drifting, Of white-winged butterflies, And of tall hollyhocks airily lifting Steeples of white toward the skies. .41116.I6.46,116.11kA116.11161.41kAlls.....AL IkAll\WтАв erably on the left side, because the lower part of the large bowel lies on the left side of the abdomen. Lying on the back or on the right side may be necessary if there is some reason why the patient cannot lie on the left side comfortably. After as much fluid as the patient can tolerate has been injected, he should lie on his back for a few minutes if possible before attempting to get up to the toilet to expel the solution. If the patient is too ill to get to the bathroom, he uses the bedpan, which should be close at hand before the procedure is begun. Better results are obtained if the patient's feet are warm. If they are cold before the treatment is started, a hot foot bath will ensure greater success. Mothers sometimes find it necessary to give a child an enema. The procedure is much the same for the older child as for the adult. For the infant and very small child, a rubber bulb syringe with a tip is often used. A small child usually is placed on his back, with adequate padding and protection under the lower part of his body. This protection is necessary because he is not able to retain the fluid as easily as an older person can. If good results are obtained with the enema, the child's abdomen will be soft and flat after the treatment. Constipation in the infant and small child is usually easily controlled by diet, as with the adult. Enemas and laxatives are not normal means of elimination, and they should not be necessary except in illness. For a cleansing enema you will need: 1. An irrigating can or a hot-water bottle with tubing and clamp. 2. Small soft-rubber rectal tube or hardrubber enema tip. The hard-rubber tip may be used as an adapter to connect the rectal tube. 3. Vaseline for lubricant. 4. Bedpan and a cloth cover. 5. Toilet tissue. 6. Newspapers or rubber sheeting. 7. Bath towel. 8. Solution to be used. Salt solution: 1 teaspoon to each pint of water. Soda bicarbonate solution: 1 teaspoon to each pint of water. Tap water (given at body temperature). Usually one and one-half to two quarts of solution is made up at a temperature of 104┬░ F. The solution will be cooled somewhat as it flows through the tubing. Follow this procedure in giving an enema: I. For the ill patient. To help keep the regular bedding clean and free from odors, fold the bedcovers back. To keep the patient warm, cover him with a light washable blanket. Keep him warm and as comfortable as possible. 2. Place rubber sheeting under the patient's hips. If it is not available, use several layers of wide-open newspaper. Cover the newspaper with a towel. 3. Have the patient turn on his left side LIFE & HEALTH and bend his knees for best efficiency. 4. To remove the air before the tube is inserted, allow a small amount of the solution to run through the tube, then close the clamp. Failure to remove the air often causes discomfort, and it can prevent entrance of the water because of air lock. Often the clip is stiff and hard to turn on and off as quickly as you may need to. For quick and efficient control of the water, make a complete bend in the tubing and release the clip as you hold the bend firmly. 5. Lubricate the tip with vaseline, and ask the patient to insert it. If he is unable to do so, gently insert the tip into the rectum, turning it slightly back and forth to ease its entrance. Do not insert it more than three or four inches. 6. To avoid cramping and to stimulate a normal desire to empty the bowel, permit the water to run in slowly. This measure will allow slow distension of the lower bowel. 7. The rate of flow is controlled by the height of the water above the patient. To achieve the proper gentle flow, place the container of water about twelve inches above the patient. Too much pressure is built up in the bowel if the can is held too high. If the patient feels a desire to expel the water, stop the flow for a few minutes, then begin again when he is more comfortable. 8. If the patient cannot relax sufficiently to retain enough water, suggest that he breathe deeply. 9. When the patient has received as much water as he can take, close the clamp on the tubing and remove the tube gently. Usually about a quart of water can be taken if given slowly. Wrap the tip in toilet tissue to prevent its soiling other articles until you can cleanse it. It is better for the patient to retain a smaller amount of water, even if the enema must be repeated, than to take a large amount, for with too much water the bowel overdistends and the muscle tone necessary for contraction is lost. 10. Allow the patient to go to the bathroom, or place him on the bedpan. Stay within call and stand ready to assist him quickly if necessary. 11. Notice whether the patient has good elimination from the enema. If he goes to the bathroom, ask him not to flush the toilet. He may think he has had satisfactory results, but you need to make certain. 12. Remove the newspapers and towel, and make the patient comfortable. Replace the bedcovers, and remove the thin blanket. 13. Cleanse the equipment and put it away. Be sure the tubing and tip are thoroughly clean. Keep these precautions in mind: MAY. 1961 1. Give the water slowly to prevent cramping. Do not hold the container more than twelve inches above the patient. 2. If the patient cannot retain the water, place him on the bedpan while giving the enema. 3. A soapsuds solution is not recommended, because it irritates the bowel lining: The reasons for giving a cleansing enema are: 1. To stimulate peristalsisтАФthe wavelike motion of the bowel that helps carry the contents forward. 2. To cleanse the colon. 3. To stimulate emptying of the bowel. тАв * * * Nature's Flavor aura NEW! 3 IN 1 MIX STONE GROUND WHOLE WHEAT 4, Hearty - Tasty - Tempting One big 2 lb. package MAKES ALL THIS: walla" eegalrad 30 featherweight Pancakes 24 large luscious Muffins PLUS A DELICIOUS QUICK COFFEE CAKE ALL SO SIMPLY - QUI(KLY- EASILY A Division of National Bakers Services, Inc. BROADVIEW, ILLINOIS ELAM MILLS First Things First "Worry is blind, and cannot discern the future; but Jesus sees the end from the beginning. In every difficulty He has His way prepared to bring relief. Our heavenly Father has a thousand ways to provide for us, of which we know nothing. Those who accept the one principle of making the service and honor of God supreme will find perplexities vanish, and a plain path before their feet. . . . Our lives may seem a tangle; but as we commit ourselves to the wise Master Worker, He will bring out the pattern of life and character that will be to His own glory." тАФE. G. WHITE. rive- vvir ab,. m arpiar IFIEATIer R Portland 14, Oregon NU-VITA FOODS GOOD HEALTH ADVICE Stone grind your flour a few hours before baking bread and rolls.... an inexpensive way to get more nutrition into your diet. Vitamins are lost by oxidation in a matter of days. Eat pure wheat processed by you! Avoid chemical additives. * * * PAIN By VIRGINIA W VESS HEN pain first throws its arrows through the heart's windows, the shades of the soul are pulled down. Pain holds dominion over life itself. As this ignoble master persists in torment, there comes a glimmer of understanding to the tired mind. Beauty, in her soft, sweet manner, steals in between the shadows and cushions the hurting. Little things become big and precious in their comforting. Pain brings appreciation. It ushers in sympathy, love, kindness, and that key to all hearts--understanding. The qualities of heaven shine out more brilliantly. In our weariness we accept the trial because we feel mellow moods softening and molding us. We cling fervently to peace, joy, love, and unselfish service. In the depth of pain lies the road to beautiful living. We may live in a world of our own in the presence of God. тАв INVEST IN A LEE HOUSEHOLD FLOUR MILL тАв тАв тАв тАв Automatic Portable Electric Economical Order today! Choice of 4 mills. Save on introductory flour offer. Send coupon with check or money order for 5-lb. pkg., stone ground day shipped. LEE ENGINEERING CO. Milwaukee 1, Wis. LEE ENGINEERING COMPANY, Dept. LH-5-61 2023 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee 1, Wis. тЭС DEAF SMITH FLOUR, 5-1b. pkg. ppd. Only $1.50 lj WIS. MINN. FLOUR, 5-lb. pkg. ppd. Only $1.00 Name Street City . .. State . J 29 Jhe Dietitian Sajs If you have a question or problem regarding food or diet, address: The Dietitian, LIFE & HEALTH, Washington 12, D.C. Enclose stamped, addressed envelope for reply. By LYDIA M. SONNENBERG DIET AND ARTHRITIS HAT should I eat?" This is a question arthritis patients frequently ask doctors. It is estimated that at least three million people in the United States are afflicted with arthritis of one kind or another. In reply to this question the doctor probably will tell his patient that this disease requires no special diet. He does BIRTH OF A NEW DAY not mean that the general health of arBy MARK BULLOCK thritis sufferers will not be benefited by Within the first faint gleamings a good diet or that it is unimportant. Of the early morn Diet is very important to the arthritic. In the past, many varied and fanciful Are traced the prophecy: diets have been proposed for the arA new day will be born; thritic. Often they had no scientific baAnd now the eastern sky, sis, and their origin was in a patient's With banners bright unfurled, own experience with the disease. Witnesses its birth Among the older fanciful diets the soInto a beauteous world. called acid fruits and vegetables were omitted because of fear of acidosis. Ex- ".":"1"0","/"Viri'iiтАвтАвтАвтАвтАвVii/oтАвiiiтАвтАвтАвтАв perience has shown that not only do these foods cause no harm but they are Often these plans are dangerously lackvery much needed. They are often ex- ing in some foods. cellent sources of important nutrients, Rheumatoid arthritis (it is often the especially vitamins and minerals. crippling type) is potentially the most Because it was believed that there was serious of the common forms of chronic an acid tendency in arthritis, attention joint disease. The cause is unknown, but was focused on the acid-base property of it is the object of intensive search for food. This is not necessary. The body nutritional or metabolic associations. has a finely adjusted regulatory mechaPatients with rheumatoid arthritis usunism that under ordinary circumstances ally lose weight and often present nukeeps the body fluids in proper balance. tritional problems, but careful studies by With any reasonable diet, there need be scientists of carbohydrate, fat, and prono concern that this balance will be up- tein metabolism have shown no abnorset. malities that can be considered signifiThe idea of restricting protein in ar- cant. No major change of calcium and thritis goes back to the days when it was phosphorus metabolism is apparent, albelieved that almost all types of arthritis though an increased turnover in these were gouty. Doctors have learned that minerals and a small increase in calcium such restriction is not helpful in ar- loss often occurs. thritis. Prolonged protein restriction may At one time it seemed that our newer actually impair the patient's health and knowledge of vitamins might solve some sense of well-being. of the problems of rheumatoid arthritis. Unusual sensitiveness to certain foods Because the disease primarily affects the has been thought to be the occasional connective tissue, ascorbic acid (vitamin cause of chronic arthritis. Dietary plans C) was thought to be important. True, based on this belief have been devised. this vitamin is very much involved in W 30 the formation of certain intercellular tissues. The blood of many patients was found to be low in vitamin C concentration, but when large doses of it were given it did not favorably affect the course of the disease. Massive dosage of vitamin D for arthritis is not based on scientific .evidence, and in no way can be considered to be correcting a deficiency. This method of treatment has fallen into disrepute, largely because under controlled conditions it appears to have little if any value. In spite of failure to demonstrate any special role of nutrition in rheumatoid arthritis treatment, it is very important to build up the patient's general health to the highest possible level. Sound dietary practices provide favorable conditions for rebuilding body tissue and muscle, and correct any deficiencies that may be present. A diet liberal in calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals is usually indicated. It is most important to see that the patient actually eats it. Another type of arthritis known as osteoarthritis, or degenerative arthritis, is a disease most often associated with advancing years. It tends to occur chiefly in the weight-bearing joints and is more frequent and more severe in the obese. What role can diet play in its treatment? Only oneтАФreducing body weight lifts a burden from the joints. Reduction in weight even of people who are only a few pounds overweight is a wise measure. Reducing should be carefully done under a doctor's supervision, for a person needs plenty of vitamins, minerals, and protein. The person of normal weight should be sure that he is getting all the nutriments he needs. At present there is no special diet for the treatment of arthritis. However, the very best nutrition should be provided to the arthritic to build up his general health and well-being. LIFE & HEALTH For the adult such a diet will include each day the following: Fruits: 2 servings citrus fruit or juice 1 or 2 servings of other fruits, fresh or canned with very little sugar Vegetables: 2 to 4 generous servings, including 1 large vegetable salad and one dark-green leafy or deep-yellow vegetable Milk or alternate: 2 or 3 glasses Protein food: 2 or 3 liberal servings Cereals and bread: 3 to 6 servings, whole grain. тАв HERBS INSTEAD OF SALT By MINNIE WORTHEY MUENSCHER and more we are learning to enjoy the natural flavor of food without oversalting. Conversely, more and more people are forced to give up salt entirely, and find their food flat and tasteless. Some people have to stop the use of salt for health reasons, such as high blood pressure, kidney disturbance, overweight, and pregnancy. If the doctor has told you not to use salt, you need not be discouraged. Herbs will bring new exciting flavors to your food. You may grow the herbs yourself and dry them for winter use, or you may buy them at the grocery. Certain herbs belong with certain vegetables: summer savory with string beans, basil with tomatoes, mint with peas, parsley with potatoes, caraway with cabbage. There are many other combinations you may learn to enjoy. The herbs I use regularly are apple mint, basil, chives, marjoram, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, summer savory, and thyme. I consider them my basic ten. In moderation any one of them can be used with almost any vegetable. A little caraway seed, celery seed, cumin, dill, or tarragon is also good. These herbs can be added to eggs or cottage cheese. They can be used individually or several together. Marjoram, summer savory, and thyme are good together in scrambled eggs. Fruit is not tasteless without herbs, but I like to add a little occasionally. Powdered mint leaves are good in apple pie, both crust and filling. Cardamom adds a delightful flavor to applesauce. Toasted sesame seed is good in rice pudding and apple desserts. Mint, caraway, coriander, or sesame seeds can be sprinkled on fruit desserts or salads. Use mint, basil, or rose- M ORE MAY, 1961 mary with lemon juice in making dressing for fruit salad. Bread without salt need not be bland if made with whole-wheat, graham, or rye flour, or corn meal. But in bread also judicious use of herbs adds interest and culinary value. We find rye bread with fennel seed even better than rye with caraway; caraway good in whole-wheat bread; basil in corn bread; coriander in raisin bread. I add a mixture of dried herbsтАФ thyme, marjoram, chives, and parsley; parsley, sage, oregano, marjoram, and basilтАФto white bread (of course with unbleached flour it is not 'truly white bread). The same or other mixtures of the basic ten herbs can be used in whole-wheat bread. Rosemary in dinner rolls, marjoram in dumplings, thyme in waffles, are other favorites of ours. For variety I add a little apple mint to cereals. Peppermint or spearmint would be just as good. A pinch per serving of anise seed or fennel seed is tasty. Many herbs make delicious hot drinks or iced drinks. These are some of my favorite herb teas: peppermint, spearmint, apple mint, catnip, lemon balm, lemon verbena, costmary, tansy (use very sparingly), sage, woodruff, anise, fennel seed, and fenugreek seed. Simply pour boiling water on a small amount of the herb and steep for five or ten minutes. If not strong enough, use a little more of the herb next time. Use only a very little of an herb until you know whether you like it. It is easy to use too much. Even when you cannot be sure that you can taste the herb, you may have enlivened the food and made the absence of salt unnoticed. Experiment. Find out which herbs you like and how much to use. Try new herbs and make up new combinations of herbs. You may yet be glad that the lack of salt has forced you to learn the delights of cooking with herbs. тАв EAT PECANS FOR HEALTH FRESH TEXAS MACHINED SHELLED PECANS Packed-1# to 30# boxes HALVESтАФ$1.30 per lb. PIECESтАФ$1.25 per lb. PLUS POSTAGE On 5 lb. box always figure 6 lb. postage plus 10c insurance Prices subject to change without notice. D. McCREA & SON YANCEY, TEXAS Phone 2261 HOUSE OF NUTRITION "The House of a Million Vitamins" San Diego 1, California 1125 Sixth Avenue Ask about our 20% discount plan. Free Catalog on Request 441 I IT' it 1111.1 11 Beautifully Located in a Suburb of Our Nation's Capital T HIS modern general hospital maintains therapeutic standards aimed at bringing new strength and vigor to body, mind, and spirit of each medical, surgical, and obstetrical case admitted. EUGENE LELAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Riverdale, Maryland Every Penny WichitaтАФSafe City Wichita, Kansas, a well-administered city, had the best traffic safety record among cities in its population bracket in the first ten months of 1960, according to the National Safety Council. The council's monthly analysis of traffic deaths, based on the number of deaths for each 10,000 registered vehicles, showed that Wichita's rate of 0.77 was the best among cities with 200,000 to 350,000 population. One great safety advantage pedestrians in downtown Wichita have is that they have walk lights set for a long-enough interval to move the pedestrian traffic safely, and they arrest those who do not cross during the walk interval. тАв you put in a Life and Health subscription is money invested in better health. Please тЭС renew, тЭС enter my subscription to Life and Health today. 1 year, $5.00. Name Address Mail to: Washington 12, D.C. 31 YOUR BABY'S DOCTOR By LILLIAN SALTZMAN, R.N. I T IS a good idea for your baby to be seen by a pediatrician or your family doctor as soon after birth as possible and again a month or six weeks later. If your family doctor does not undertake the care of children and he has not recommended a pediatrician, you must select one. You may ask at the nearest hospital for the names of the pediatricians on the staff or you may write to the local department of health, the county medical society, or the State board of health. In many communities the physicians do not confine their practice to any one branch of medicine. For your baby you will be wise to choose the general practitioner who is noted for his careful technique and knowledge of children. Once you have made the decision, stick to it, and try not to listen to too many complaints about him. Remember, there are always two sides to every story, and Meatless Scrapple 1 cup gluten cup chopped onion 11/2 cups cooked yellow corn meal 1/4 teaspoon mace 1/2 teaspoon Accent Salt to taste Use basil or sage to taste if desired 1/4 FAVORITE RECIPES By Martin Koch, Chef Washington Sanitarium and Hospital Mock Italian Meat Balls 3 eggs li/2 cup nut meats ground finely 3/, cup cracker crumbs 1 or 2 sprigs parsley or sage to taste 1 small onion chopped finely 1 clove garlic Salt to taste Make into patties, brown quickly on both sides, bake for 3/4 hour in tomato sauce seasoned delicately with thyme. Italian Spaghetti Sauce If you use mushrooms, boil the water first. Cook the mushrooms for about three minutes. Use a little less than i/2 cup oil for 11/2 pounds of spaghetti. Into the oil chop 1 green pepper, 1 onion, some celery leaves, parsley, and as much garlic as you like. Brown slightly. If you use gluten, slice it in as soon as all these ingredients brown. Let the gluten brown. Remove it and put the mushrooms in for about 15 minutes. Let simmer. Strain one can of tomatoes and add it, also one can tomato paste. If you use 11/2 pounds of spaghetti, add a second can of paste. Add 1 tomato-paste can of water, salt to taste, and 1 teaspoon sugar. Let cook 3/4 hour. Add gluten cutlets or mock Italian meat balls and continue cooking. Yeast Biscuit Mix cup warm water 1 package yeast 1 tablespoon honey Mix i/2 cup soy flour 1 cup unbleached white flour 1 cup whole-wheat flour 5 rounded tablespoons butter 1 teaspoon salt Add yeast mixture, roll 1 inch thick, cut with a biscuit cutter, and bake at 400┬░ F. 1/2 32 Braise gluten and onions to a golden brown. Add cooked corn meal and all seasonings. Pour into a greased loaf pan and let cool. When cold, slice as you would bread, roll in flour, and pan fry or roll in bread crumbs and bake at 450┬░ F. until brown. Pennsylvania Dutch Potpie To 2 quarts of boiling water add: 1 medium-sized onion, chopped 3 tablespoons Mrs. McKay's Chicken Style Seasoning 4 small potatoes cut in quarters 2 tablespoons chopped parsley When potatoes are partially cooked, add the dough. Dough Boil 3 medium-sized potatoes in salted water. When tender, mash and add 1 egg 2 cups flour 1 tablespoon butter 1/4 teaspoon salt Mix all ingredients together and roll about the thickness of piecrust. Cut in 2-inch squares and cook in the stew about 15 minutes. Icebox Cookies 1 cup butter 2 cups brown sugar 2 eggs 1/2 teaspoon vanilla 31/2 cups flour 1/2 cup chopped nuts Cream butter, add sugar gradually, then beaten eggs. Add sifted dry ingredients, flavoring, and nuts. Mix well, form into a hard roll of the size cooky you want. Roll in waxed paper, put in refrigerator overnight. Next morning slice very thin, and bake in quick oven. If you use an unsalted shortening, add 1/2 teaspoon salt to the flour. тАв the story that comes to you may be exaggerated. If you take your baby to too many different doctors, you will lose some advantages, for it is easier for the doctor to give good care to a baby he has seen often and knows than to one he sees for the first time. The record he keeps of his findings each time he examines the baby is important. He can compare them with later ones, and will be helped in judging how the baby is growing and progressing. During your first visit to the pediatrician, have a talk with him about how often he wishes to see your baby, under what circumstances he wishes you to get in touch with him by telephone, and what to do in case of emergency. Talk over with the doctor the cost of his services; it is always best to have a definite understanding with him about it. Some pediatricians have a set fee for the first year, including office visits and telephone calls. Others charge for each visit and telephone call. Before your visits to the doctor, write down whatever you think you should tell him and all questions you may have. It is easy to forget during the visit. Incidents may distract your thoughts and keep you from remembering your well-thought-out questions. Keep a calendar for your baby. This calendar is different from the usual baby book. The baby book is kept more or less for sentimental reasons, but the calendar is a practical reminder and a record of the day-to-day progress of your baby. In it you write the time for the doctor's appointments, dates for immunization, changes in diet, and important signs of development. Before your visits to the doctor, copy what you have written in the calendar during the interval and take it with you. Talk over with your doctor some of your problems related to the general well-being of your child. Regard your doctor as an adviser and friend, and 'talking over these problems with him will help you to find your own answer and save you much anxiety. It does not matter what the problem may be. Most doctors are married, and have children of their own. Regular visits to a doctor for checkups are almost a must in the life of every child under one year of age, for prevention is better than cure. During each visit, the doctor will examine every part of the baby's body. He will note whether the skin reflects the pink glow of health, the tissues are firm, or the abdomen is in proper condition. He will observe the baby's general activity and examine the chest, paying special attention to the heart and lungs. He keeps a special record of your baby and after each examination he records your baby's progress. Quite as important as the physical examination is the advice covering the time LIFE -& HEALTH between visits. If you follow his suggestions, they should make more assured normal growth and development and a good state of health. He will question you as to how your baby got along, guide you in the selection of food, and immunize the baby against communicable diseases. If for some good reason you cannot go to a private doctor, there are free baby clinics now in small towns as well as in large cities. By means of his examination and from information you give him, the doctor can judge whether the baby is growing and developing as a healthy baby should. Even though there may not be any special problems, the doctor will wish to know all about the infant and his routineтАФwhether the baby has been active and playful or listless and cross, whether the baby sleeps well, and the pattern of the baby's eating habits. Because your doctor knows that during infancy is laid the foundation of good health throughout life, he is not only concerned with the present but also looks ahead and plans for a well-adjusted, happy adulthood for your baby. Regular visits are insurance against much unhappiness now and later. Taking your baby to the doctor for checkups is a good idea. I took my babies, and I am glad I did. If nothing else, those visits to the doctor's office gave me peace of mind and self-assurance. What's more, I knew that my babies were given protection against some of the dreaded chilhood diseases. тАв * * * all. Whoever said that did not have a mother like mine nor all the mothers I have known. The special thing about mothers is how much they love us. When in all your life do you find someone as interested in you as your mother? Do you ever find anyone who will completely sacrifice himself for you as your mother would? My mother was never one to preach sermons to her four little girls. Biographies often give as the inspiration for the great life of the subject a saying heard often from father or mother. My mother had few if any set phrases. Her influence for good was delicate and subtle, and since I am not a subtle person or a person to understand subtle things, I cannot tell you how she wielded her influence. I never heard my mother tell a lie, and she never told me a lie. I don't remember that she ever told me not to tell untruths. Honesty was so much a part of our family life that we didn't have to mention prevarication. My mother did have a little chat with me once when I told her what a good idea it would be for me to take home for keeps a neighbor boy's Irish Mail scooter. After that I knew it was totally unfair to other people to take what belonged to them or to destroy anything of theirs. Mother left a copy of a McGuffey reader around for us girls to read, and I never did forget "Tiny's First and Only Lie." I decided that I would follow Tiny's example for life. I remember not liking Tiny's pictureтАФshe looked too old to have the reactions she had in the storyтАФbut I was all for her morals. When mothers show kindness, consideration, courtesy, fairness, sensitivity to our feelings, reverence for holy things, respect and love for God, they don't have to deliver lectures on morals. There is one big reason why we should give mothers due credit, and that is: Not until we live a long time do we fully appreciate them. We can't. Not until we learn that there are people who are dishonest, unfair, cruel, selfish, ruthless, and ugly in disposition do we realize what we have in our parents. I am ever so glad I have a mother like mine. I only wish I were more like her. тАв His method is to place the burned area immediately into a basin containing tap water, ice cubes, and the disinfectant hexachlorophene. For burns of the head, neck, shoulder, chest, abdominal wall, or back, where immersion is impractical, he applies towels chilled in a bucket of ice water. The cold treatment is continued until it can be stopped without return of pain. The period ranges from 30 minutes to 5 hours. Dr. Shulman said he had treated 150 patients in this manner. Most of the burns were thermal, due to excessive heat or cold, but some were chemical and electrical. "In every patient thus treated, immediate gratifying relief was expressed at once," he said. "Whereas pain ordinarily lasts 24 hours or more in the first-degree burn, relief in these patients was immediate, and the pain was almost totally absent by the time the patient left the office two or three hours later. "The impression obtained from our experience is that, although the primary injurious effect of the burn has taken place, the usual inflammatory process secondary to the burn can be reduced in degree and, indeed, at times reversed by icewater therapy. "No infections have been encountered in those patients treated within one hour of injury. "The time factor between injury and treatment determines the result. This treatment should, therefore, be initiated if possible by the patient or first-aid attendant at once. This would be far more effective first-aid treatment than the usual first-aid measure of applying butter or grease, which will only have to be painfully removed later by the attending physician. "It is suggested that this humane and simple form of first-aid management of less extensive burns should find its way into the thousands of books, manuals, and pamphlets on first aid throughout our nation." тАв ousehad MOTHERS By Mary E. Castor OMEONE has tried to tell us that S mothers aren't special people after Ice Water for Burns The magazine Georgia's Health gave this report: Ice water has been recommended as the best first-aid measure for any burn covering up to 20 per cent of the body. Writing in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Alex G. Shulman, Los Angeles, said: "My experience indicates that, whatever the subsequent management may be, those patients who receive initial ice-water treatment fare better than those who do not." Although the beneficial effect of cold in burns has been advocated off and on for many years, he said, it has been studied seriously only since 1955. Dr. Shulman's investigation began nine years ago when he burned his own hand with boiling grease. "In the ensuing agonizing few minutes it seemed logical to plunge the hand into a tub of cold water," he explained. Finding that the pain was alleviated and the burn subsequently healed more rapidly than expected, he decided to use the same therapy for his patients. MAY, 1961 33 Childhood Deafness For Additional Information concerning items or products advertised in LIFE AND HEALTH, use this check list and return it to us. Please send all orders for products direct to the advertiser whose name and address appears with the ad. ON PAGE BAKON YEAST, INC. тЭС Bakon Yeast 6 BATTLE CREEK EQUIPMENT COMPANY тЭС Thermophore 23 ELAM MILLS тЭС 3 in 1 Mix 29 EMENEL COMPANY тЭС Torumel 25 HOUSE OF NUTRITION тЭС Nutritional Products 31 HAWAIIAN PINEAPPLE COMPANY тЭС California Carrots 21 KNUTH ENGINEERING COMPANY тЭС Shredder-Juicer 25 LEE ENGINEERING COMPANY тЭС Flour Mill 29 Complications of birth and pregnancy are a major cause of deafness in newborn babies and young children, so says Patterns of Disease, a Parke, Davis & Company publication for the medical profession. Findings of a study conducted among 328 children with severe hearing loss revealed that in one third of the group damage could be attributed to the prenatal or natal periods. Complications of birth and labor headed the list of specific causes, accounting for more than 15 per cent of all cases. Maternal rubella, the virus that causes German measles, was found to be the cause of 11 per cent of cases, and Rh incompatibility was held responsible for 7 per cent. How early can deafness in children be diagnosed? At a surprisingly early age with the aid of special testing devices. In fact, Patterns says, infants as young as three weeks old can be tested for response to sound stimuli. And the publication urges the earliest possible detection, for "differential diagnosis in infants and preschool children is necessary to rule out such factors as mental retardation, aphasia, emotional disturbance, and psychic deafness." тАв EUGENE 'LELAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL тЭС Hospital Facilities 31 D. MC CREA & SON тЭС Shelled Pecans 31 Stress Not Cause of Heart Disease NATURAL FOODS, INC. тЭС Juicefaster 23 NURSING HOMES тЭС Listing Service 27 NU-VITA FOODS тЭС Hostess Cuts 29 REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN. тЭС Books 2, 36 VOICE OF PROPHECY тЭС Radio Program 23 WASHINGTON SANITARIUM & HOSPITAL тЭС Hospital Facilities 35 LIFE AND HEALTH, Dept. LH-51 Washington 12, D.C. Please send me free information regarding the items checked above. NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE 34 (PLEASE PRINT) MEMORIAL By REVAH SUMMERSGILL Upon this day of memories, Of honors sung and said, What travesty in trumpets, Remembering where they led, What loneliness in rolling drums, What sad reflection when You marched away, who never will Come marching home again. And I must leave this place where all The proud words ring of war, To think alone the gentler thoughts Of what a spring is forтАФ Of blossoming and growth and sun, Of dreams and youth and hope, And not of hard-fought battlefields And aching hearts that grope. I'll think of days when you were here Upon this grassy hill And a soft wind rose and the spring was fair, With you beside me still. A group of 200 executives heard a discussion on "The Care and Preservation I'll think of nights you'd climb to watch of the American Executive," in which For the first pale stars above, Dr. Irvine H. Page, research director, And how you'd whistle coming down, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, pointed So sure of peace and love, out that stress is not necessarily the cause of arteriosclerosis and heart attack. This So certain life was promising has been much overemphasized. HighAnd safe, and yours to live, pressure environments, in which many All unaware that soon it would executives work, have not proved the Be only yours to give, cause of chronic hypertension. However, Dr. Howard P. Lewis, professor of medi- And I will hold the dreams you held cine, University of Oregon, said that "we And try to bring them true know that the blood pressure can be For other boys in years to come, made to rise with nervous stress and that In memory of you. in many instances, having become elevated, it will fall under the influence of rest and relaxation. Even though we cannot be sure this factor is the basic cause The Blessed Hope of hypertension in certain predisposed people, its effects upon blood pressure are "The Lord's care is over all His creatoo definite for us to discount its possible tures. He loves them all, and makes no injurious effect." difference, except that He has the most Dr. Page also said that to avoid a heart tender pity for those who are called to attack, a person's diet must be changed. bear life's heaviest burdens. God's chilThe unsaturate fatty acids must be made dren must meet trials and difficulties. But palatable in the diet. The average person they should accept their lot with a cheerwill not change his diet, but must be sold ful spirit, remembering that for all that on a new food pattern, which can be the world neglects to bestow, God Himpurchased through the usual channels at self will make up to them in the best of favors."тАФE. G. WHITE. the market or grocery store. тАв LIFE & HEALTH Helping Hands... EWING GALLOWAY HIS pert little miss is seriously intent upon becoming a helping hand to mother during the day's duties. The combined energies of all members of the family help to ease the burden of each one. When one becomes ill or an invalid, however short the duration of sickness, the strain is increased proportionately on the others. And now that summer is about to break in full force upon us, there will be much strenuous activityтАФworking in the garden, playing outdoor games, doing all that outside work about the house. Spring cleaning can also become quite a chore. Perhaps our state of health needs its annual checkup too. The entire staff at the Washington Sanitarium and Hospital are ready to act as helping handsтАФto see that you are in the best of health for the strenuous summer months ahead. Today's medical services, with the tremendous adтАв vances made possible through research, offer a vital, satisfying career. 11111S11111CI011 HOD 110SPITHI. TAKOMA PARK, WASHINGTON 12, D.C. "WHERE YOUR HEALTH IS OUR CONCERN" C wymER, HAMM fat .k.th..km" hither," sa ilw nre On% anywhere nearki the eighh.r. "gni +mтАв harke. mid thelink t and It is cominghe this way. cm hear "I And kmD pm* running. They are ru ing dow thenthis n1.;..ffthcins I anorher ' t' ow "nni q sod'''swh:r'clfa"Zen ,J an with the gathering crowd dhnror own Then she saw ie. Her own house w fire, 'honk' and flames were already pour) ng hroZh ty the roof. "MY bh hasp' the tried frantically. "My baby," The crowd was thick aroun .0 d the hour.but like , mad b"byshe pushed and tore her way theough. ! My baby, Mn link Margie. A fireman seized her. e.nnen dcarh no in then!" he tried. "You will kw the lf┬░ I. on, go!" she cried. And with so,ng Lth she hda never known she had. she dragged herself free and dashed into the flaming house, while pr cry went up from all the waiting people. ., Loon just where to go. Dashing through the ,nice and llama. the seized her precious baby. then turned ow make her way out' But, oven ooke. she swayed and fell. and would have ,h,ith with her lab, had not a firenun nixed ca fried Ix, our whit a cheer went up a, they the lukry was saved unhormed. the JUVENILE READERS THE AUTHOR erviiitzsa-kivwL By ARTHUR S. MAXWELL Arthur S. Maxwell is known and loved by children everywhere. His stories are admirably suited to help parents solve child problems and to help children solve their own problems. Their great worth is recognized and acclaimed by thoughtful teachers and parents in all Englishspeaking countries of the world. Each volume contains fifty or more true-to-life stories. Many full-page illustrations, some in four colors, greatly increase the charm and value of these books. Large, clear type, durable bindings, and colorful jackets add further appeal to these unique volumes for the boys and girls of today who will be the men and women of tomorrow. HIGH POINTS IN CHARACTER EDUCATION Care of Health Correcting Bad Habits Courage Courtesy "` Diligence Forgiveness Gratitude Helpfulness Honesty Kindness Obedience Patience Mail us a card and we will send you full particulars concerning this series of stories that thousands of boys and girls have been waiting forтАФno obligation, of course. REUIEW and HERALD PUBLISHIAG ASS11., Washington 12, D.C.