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Monday marked the beginning of OTAs for Redskins players. No football was played but the players were back in the building and getting ready. After all, it's just 100 days until training camp.
Plenty of familair faces dominated the video released from the team below, but new faces emerged as well. Free agent addition wide receiver Terrelle Pryor was spotted by the team's Instagram account, as well as Josh Norman, Kirk Cousins, Jamison Crowder and Ryan Kerrigan.
Inside the weight room on day one.#HTTR #ByAnyMeans pic.twitter.com/b6n4gbYJWo— Washington Redskins (@Redskins) April 17, 2017
Day #1 of off-season training. Back in the lab. @Redskins #5amwakeupcall pic.twitter.com/epmHxtBaqY— Vernondavis85 (@VernonDavis85) April 17, 2017
Remember, the CBA does not allow for actual practices during the offseason, just varying levels of workouts. For plenty more pictures, check out the Redskins Instagram feed.


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|Top Online Data Backup Rankings
Supports Full Range of Enterprise Workloads, Compliance Needs & Variable Monthly Backup Volumes
TEMPE, Ariz. – Feb. 12, 2018 — /BackupReview.info/ – Insight Enterprises has announced a new Backup-as-a-Service offering featuring monthly, consumption-based pricing, and the ability to leverage on-demand, public cloud IT resources to support usage spikes. Industries of all types experience IT demand spikes. Examples include retailers during the holidays and cyclical shopping seasons, media and telco providers, and manufacturers when developing and manufacturing new products.
The new offering from Insight's Cloud and Data Center Transformation division, Datalink, also supports a full range of on- and off-site enterprise workloads. Enterprise workload backup requirements are often not fully addressed by public cloud providers or conventional managed backup services.
Our data protection services portfolio helps clients achieve a 10-25% reduction in backup-related operational costs. In addition, Insight's cloud and data center transformation services help reduce the tension IT leaders face when simultaneously running and innovating the business with day-to-day backup administration and monitoring.
"Our new Backup-as-a-Service offering allows backup strategies to be tailored precisely to the needs of the enterprise with flexible per-terabyte pricing that eliminates the need to pay for fixed capacity that may not be used. Our clients have been asking for this model to help them meet their organizational needs, so they can focus on supporting business outcomes. With the managed backup lineup, we can now help our clients manage for today and transform for the future," said Shawn O'Grady, Senior Vice President and General Manager, Datalink, a division of Insight.
Key benefits of Insight Backup-as-a-Service include:
Clients also benefit from Datalink OneCall™ customer support, which provides a single support number to resolve trouble incidents with technologies from multiple vendors.
"IT organizations today need comprehensive backup solutions to support their diverse enterprise workloads, on-premises platforms, and compliance requirements. At the same time, they are under intense pressure to minimize costs with the pay-as-you-go pricing available from public cloud providers. However, when it comes enterprise workloads, public cloud backup programs often provide limited technology coverage and regulatory support capabilities," said O'Grady.
Backup-as-a-Service is the newest addition to a broad portfolio of Insight data center operational services that help clients maximize operational efficiency by outsourcing administration of networks, servers, storage, virtualization, voice, both private and public cloud environments and other assets. Details are available at https://www.datalink.com/Services/Managed-Services
About Insight
Scott Walters
Ariel Kouvaras
Source: Insight
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Gryffindor™ Lounge Vest Top
Product Details
This light grey vest top has racer-style straps, and the Gryffindor Crest™ printed on the front in burgundy. The seams are stitched in a burgundy thread to match the crest on the front.
Product Code: 1329311
Care Instructions
60% cotton, 40% polyester. Machine wash with like colours. Use only non-chlorine bleach when needed. Tumble dry low. Remove promptly.
Delivery Information
We have a range of delivery options available; for more information, please see our Delivery page.
Did you know
Featuring a lion as its crest and with Professor McGonagall as its head, Gryffindor is the house which most values courage, bravery and determination.


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I am a native Floridian involved in a local redevelopment projects, including receiving a grant from the local Community Redevelopment Agency to restore a beautiful 1908 historical structure. I am an active member of the Historical Society of Palm Beach County and the Norton Museum of Art.
I have an extensive first-hand experience as a real estate investor in South Florida, and have operated a Palm Beach County law firm specializing in a variety of business and real estate matters since 2001. My diverse background as an investor, attorney and real estate professional provides me with an invaluable ability to negotiate the best possible deal on his client's behalf. This leaves his clients the ability to focus on what is most important to them – finding what they want and need in a home.
My educational background allows me to deliver a higher level of expertise and service to my clients. I received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from American University in Washington, D.C. and graduated from New England School of Law in Boston, Massachusetts. Most recently, I completed a Master of Science in Real Estate Development from Columbia University in New York City.
(561) 456-0069


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As leaving day draws closer we have found ourselves dreaming of places we want to see and adventures we want to experience during our travels. So we compiled a list of our top 10 pick of wonderful and breathtaking places we have on our bucket list, that are a little unique and a little different from the norm.
10. Salar De Uyuni, Bolivia
One of the worlds largest salt flat can be found in Salar De Uyuni in central South America. It is covered in a layer of salt crust that is very flat and if you head down here in November, the Salar becomes a breeding ground for the Pink Andean flamingos.
Could this also be the worlds largest mirror?
9. Santorini, Greece
The intricate, beautiful and highly photographed architecture of Santorini is breathtaking and is one place that we must visit in person. Combine Santorinis views with its mediterranean climate, this easily made it onto our bucket list.
8. Machu Pichu, Peru
Also known as "The Lost City", we would love to hike this world wonder. The Inca Trail takes about 3 to 5 days to complete and spans for 45km, but it will all be worth it to sit and stare out at this marvel.
7. Igloo Village, Finland
Seeing the Northern Lights is a natural wonder that we would like to see in our 20s and what an amazing way to view them than inside your very own igloo.
6. Marble Caves, Chile
These caves can only be travelled to by boat and only when the weather is nice and the water is still. It is said that the light show caused by the reflection of the turquoise water is unparalleled to anywhere else in the world.
5. Holi Colour Festival in India, Nepal
This spring Hindu festival is held in India and involves celebrating love by throwing dry colourful powder at everyone around you. The best part – anyone can attend, including travellers and non-Hindus.
4. Jellyfish Lake, Palau
If you are daring enough you can jump straight into Palau's jelly fish infested water and live to tell the tale. Over the course of a millennia, resident jellyfish have completely lost their sting due to the lack of predators to fight off.
3. Cinque Terre, Italy
Probably the worlds most colourful and enchanting coastal villages it's something you would picture being in a fairytale or a picture book. Do you really need another excuse to visit Italy?
2. Lantern Festival, Taiwan
This annual event happens on the last day of the Lunar New Year and involves letting go of ones past in preparation for the new year through the symbolisation of the lanterns floating away.
1. Tree Camping California, USA
Finally, we want to take camping to the next level, literally. This can be done in most countries, but it is in Elk, California that we wish to tree camp due to the beautiful surrounding scenery.
What places are on your bucket list? Leave a comment below, Tweet us or leave a post on Facebook.
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DFM holds 2016 Global Distributors Conference
On April 26, 2016, DFM 2016 Global Distributors Conference themed "DongFeng goes with you" was held in Beijing. Leaders including Li Shaozhu, member of the Standing Committee and vice president of DongFeng Motor Corporation (DFM), representatives of DFM's global distributors from around the world, as well as representatives of DFM's overseas business units got together to explore the strategy of overseas business development.
'DongFeng Dream Car' Automobile Creative Design Contest Concludes
On January 31st, the final of the First 'DongFeng Dream Car' China Youth Eco-friendly Automobile Creative Design Contest took place at DFM Headquarters. After undergoing rigorous examinations, the Hunan University GZW Team won the 'DongFeng Dream Car' award with its design work named 'Summer'. The final was judged by Secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Youth League Central Committee Xu Xiao, General Manager of DFM and Vice Secretary of the CPC DFM Committee Zhu Fushou, Vice Secretary of the CPC DFM Committee and Chairman of the DongFeng Public Welfare Foundation Zhou Qiang, Secretary-General of the China Foundation for Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Chen Zong and Secretary of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League Zhang Guihua.
Contact us │Legal statement │Trucks Cataloggue
Copyrighted 2015 Dongfeng Motor Company 鄂ICP No. 15017410号-1 鄂公网安备 42011302000349号


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roofcleaninginnc wrote:Will be in Charleston. Count me in.
Will be in Charleston. Count me in.
YOU must registar please . www.nationalcleaningexpo.comIf you dont there might not be a free Place to sit....at the door will cost $$$$$$$$$
Ron Musgraves
National Cleaning Expos480-522-5227Mobile Cleaning Contractor Education Seminars Roundtables
Like Us On Facebook Pressure Washing Institute Roof Cleaning Forum


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Most of us have heard the saying, "Do you have 30 years' experience, or one year of experience repeated 30 times?" The other one we have all heard is the definition of insanity: "Doing the same thing over and over again while expecting different results." The point is the same in either case. Are we learning and changing?
As the year draws to a close, it's important to reflect on our victories as well as our failures. What did the company do well over the past year, and where were we weak? Have a company meeting to discuss these, and set goals for the coming 12 months. Below are a few topics you might want to discuss.
How many employees (techs or staff) left the company over the past year? If the number is high: Why? Look at your hiring practices. How do you interview; do you utilize DiSC testing? (DiSC is a personality test that measures dominance, influence, steadiness and conscientiousness.) Are there core issues with how you treat employees? Look at your employee orientation program and training process. I heard a great quote a while back, "Seldom is the problem in front of you the real issue. There is usually a foundational problem behind the issue." Having an honest discussion with employees on this topic can be very telling. If you are an owner or manager, critical or defensive comments will silence the room. Swallow your pride to accomplish the objective of improvement.
Gain/Loss of Maintenance Agreement Customers
Maintenance agreements are the foundation stone for profitable growth. The final selling price for most trades companies is usually heavily dependent on the company's active maintenance agreements. Keep accurate records of maintenance-agreement customers gained and lost during the past year. Compare total active maintenance agreement customers at the end of the year with each previous year. Is the number growing? If not, why not?
Did the Company Make a Net Profit in All Departments?
This can be an elusive number for a couple reasons. The first is cash flow verses accounting. As most are now aware, it's not unusual to see an accounting P/L statement that says you made a profit — which you will have to pay taxes on — while noting there is far less money in the company checkbook. Look at net profit from both perspectives.
The other issue is departmentalization. Few companies departmentalize all the way through sales, overhead, labor and materials, only looking at the company's overall net profit. The potential problem: One department can easily be being subsidizing another, and no one knows until it's too late. Review your real net profit by department, and compare with past years. Are profits increasing or decreasing, and why?
Debt Status
List all outstanding debt including balances owed on loans, unpaid credit card balances, overdue money owed suppliers, personal loans to the company, balances on your lines of credit and overdue taxes. Totaling those dollars can be a wakeup call. The objective is to have the total owed figure substantially decreasing each year. Hint: Build debt repayment into your overhead cost when setting proper hourly rates. If you don't, debt repayment can quickly swallow net profit.
Closing Rate on Sales Presentations
An acceptable closing rate for sales presentations is 50 percent or more. What is your rate per individual? Is it going up or down year to year? If the closing percentage is not increasing, why? Do some, or all, salespeople and/or selling technicians need additional formal training? Reviewing these percentages annually — or, even better, monthly or quarterly — can keep the sales team on track.
Total Dollars Tied Up in Inventory
How many dollars does the company have tied up in inventory? If the dollar figure is going up, it might be because the company is growing — therefore additional inventory is needed. It also might be caused by a sloppy purchasing policy. Look at those numbers and ask the question.
How Often Did You Meet with Your CPA?
It's hard to manage the company without taking a close look at the bottom line. Did the company make a profit this past month? It does little good to find out you had a rotten year three months after the close of the year. Company owners need to know how they did, financially, within 10 days of closing out each month. Make it a habit to sit down with your CPA by the 10th of each month to review your numbers. If he or she is not providing practical advice on how to improve your bottom-line profit, find a new CPA.
Select a date for your annual company meeting to discuss at least some of the above items. Make it fun. Choose a really nice restaurant so you can not only review progress but also thank those who helped the company prosper. Everyone wants and needs to be appreciated.


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More than 5,000 spectators came to Haras Hacienda in Magnolia for the inaugural Haras Cup benefiting Kids' Meals Houston.
The three-day event featured Working Equitation (WE), a highly-acclaimed equestrian competition. Horse lovers and people of all ages and interests gathered at the elegant horse ranch to watch equestrians of all ages and levels compete with national and international competitors.
The weekend was filled with good music, food and exciting activities including a Jonathan Blake Fall/Winter 2014 Fashion Show on Friday night, an Equestrian Show Gala Night on Saturday night and a Hat Derby sponsored by Thomas Markle Jewelers and emceed by Great Day Houston anchor Courtney Perna on Sunday. All weekend guests enjoyed an array of vendor booths, entertainment for everone and a fabulous silent auction.
The event raised more than $15,000 for Kids' Meals Houston.


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About Charles Taylor Adjusting (CTA) US
Charles Taylor Adjusting takes pride in being one of the premier independent loss adjusting companies in the world. With a commitment to superb service and the highest quality of product for our clients, our US adjusting business focuses on commercial losses and claims in the property & casualty, energy, marine, aviation, and other technical and special risk markets, most of which are large and complex in nature.
Our US business remains true to Charles Taylor Adjusting's global reputation for world-class adjusting and service, performed by adjusters of the highest caliber. Our adjusters are experts in their fields, with advanced degrees in various fields of engineering, legal backgrounds, vessel captain and chief engineer licenses, and many other notable credentials. Our adjusters have handled some of the largest and most noteworthy losses on record, and bring years of experience adjusting high exposure, complex, and unique claims. With CTA US, you are guaranteed an unmatched standard of expertise and service.
We are investing heavily in the US market in an effort to create a great workplace and top notch capabilities for our clients, which has sparked excitement throughout the company and our client base. In 2017, we added a new CEO dedicated to the US business and new leaders to our management team. We opened eight new US locations, and welcomed a diverse group of very experienced adjusters to our team. With each new addition, we have strengthened the depth and breadth of our experience, capabilities, capacity, and footprint. Indeed, our adjusters are strategically located in all of the major US markets, and handle claims in all 50 states and internationally.
We invite you to contact us, should you have any questions regarding CTA US or how we can be of service to your company.
Why CTA US?
- Quality, high-end, focused adjusting services for targeted, specialized industries.
- Recognized name that's trusted and accepted by the global insurance industry including underwriters, claims personnel, brokers and third party administrators.
- Unrivalled depth of expertise across property & casualty, energy, marine and aviation.
- Extensive network of global offices strategically placed where our clients need us.
- Flexible commercial arrangements aligned to the value we provide to your business.
- We enhance the claims experience through our technology-powered solutions and service delivery.
- Viable long-term partner. We combine breadth of services, product expertise and geographic reach, with the next generation of adjusting talent.


text: "The Wonder of You" is a song written by Baker Knight. In 1959, Ray Peterson released it as a single. The song became a Top 40 hit for him on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #25. That same year it was recorded by Ronnie Hilton in the United Kingdom, his version reaching #22 on the UK Singles Chart. The Ray Peterson record briefly re-entered the Hot 100 in 1964. In the early 1960s, the Platters also recorded this song, which appeared on a 1970s compilation "The Platters–30 Golden Hits".


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Saturday, June 5, 2004MARY: I'm Mary, in case there's anybody here that didn't already know that! (Laughter) Usually when there are new people I start out by letting them ask questions about the phenomenon or about Elias or about anything, all that good stuff, how this got started or where do I go (laughs) or anything like that. So if anybody has any questions about Elias or about the phenomenon itself or whatever, this would be the time to ask. (Group silence, then laughter) Nobody? No questions? Nothing?BEN: Why are there no questions? MARY: Because everybody already knows everything! Cool! Now I don't have to repeat it for the thousandth time! (Laughs)I did think that maybe it would be interesting if anybody had questions about this wave that we're participating in or something like that. Sometimes people don't always understand everything that Elias is saying about it, and it's nice to have examples of things in real life and stuff like that - also if anybody had anything that they wanted to share about what they're going through with all these truths and things like that. It seems to be a pretty big deal these days, and people are having a hard time dealing with all of these truths and trying to figure out what to do with it all. (Slight pause)I guess everybody's really up to speed on that, too, and has no problem with it! CHRISTINE: I could say a few comments on this. I'm Christine. My essence name is Lurine, but you've never read a transcript from me.MARY: Because she's relatively new.CHRISTINE: What I've been noticing is there have been a lot of events that seem to be occurring in my life that are rather stressful in one way or another. I had all these plumbing issues in my house, and I had problems with my ears blocking up and crackling and so forth. I talked to Elias about this, and he said this was a blocking of energy that had to do with the truth of elimination, that there's not a flow going on. So this has been a rather interesting challenge for me. Also it seemed like every time I came up against something that was stressful for one reason or another - I had a skin condition and there were just little things - he also kept reminding me that this particular wave is not a wave in which we are going to be intellectualizing this stuff. We are going to be experiencing things directly and coming up against our personal truths. So this has sort of given me a different perspective every time something happens that I'm going, "Ugh!" I have to recognize there's probably a truth involved and that this has to do with this wave. So that's what I've been noticing the last six months.MARY: Cool.Well, I am going to talk about one thing before we get started with Elias. I talked about it in Vermont and we didn't tape it, and I got a lot of feedback from people that were really upset that we didn't tape it. I had some experiences this year in figuring out what it means to reconfigure energy. Elias talks about this a lot. I don't know about all of you, but up until I had this experience I didn't have a clue what he was talking about. It was just words. I noticed that this year, like I have for the last four years, I started getting all stressed out in February. I had a terrible month. I was stressed out because I was anticipating having to do my taxes. Every year I go through this same thing where I get really anxious and really upset and worried and nervous because I just know that the big bad government is going to come and get me and do terrible things to me, and I'm going to have to pay them thousands and thousands of dollars because that's what you have to do with the government. Every year I stress out. I don't know why I do it in February. You would think I'd do it in March, but I don't. So this year I was doing it again, only this year I was worse than ever because I was just completely convinced that I was going to have to pay tons of thousands of dollars to the government for taxes for last year. I was so stressed out and everything kept going wrong. As much as I was trying to save money so that I could pay the government, everything that could possibly go wrong and that I would have to pay out money for was happening: the dog got sick, I was paying for vet bills, the pipes broke in the house, the car broke. Everything that could possibly go wrong was going wrong, and every time something would go wrong it would make me even more stressed. Plus at the same time I was checking airfares to come here, and I was stressed out about that because every time I would check the fares they were $1500. I was like, "Oh no, I'm never going to be able to afford this!" It just seemed like nothing could go right the whole entire month, and I was a wreck over the whole thing.By the end of the month, I was standing in my kitchen, cooking on my stove, and I had this pot on my stove and the bottom broke on the pot. This is impossible because the pot is all one piece, so for the bottom to break off is pretty impossible. So I was standing there in the kitchen with this huge mess all over my stove and all over my floor, and I was screaming at this pot, "That's it! This is the last straw! I can't deal with this anymore! Now I have to go buy a new pot! Can anything else happen where I have to go spend more money, when I don't want to have to spend any money at all?" I was screaming at this pot - thank god nobody was home! - and I started to hear myself, what I was saying. I was screaming at this pot, saying to this pot, "You couldn't do this a month from now? You had to do it now? Next month it wouldn't have bothered me, but now I'm so stressed out about this whole thing." And I stopped, because I heard what I said. I started to think about it and I was like, "Wait a minute, that's right - next month I wouldn't be stressed out about it. If this happened a month from now, I probably wouldn't even think about it. I would just laugh and say, 'That's an impossible thing to happen,' and I would tell myself, 'Oh well, I've wanted to buy new pots and pans for five years anyway. Now is my excuse to do it.'" I would go out and buy them, and I wouldn't think about it. I would have the money to buy them, and it wouldn't be a big deal at all. But at that moment it was a big deal.So I started to think about it, and I started to think about what Elias was saying about reconfiguring energy. That was the first time that something had happened that I thought I might be able to do this. I gave myself an example, and I figured, "Well, let me try something. Maybe the reason everything is going wrong every year during this month is because I change my energy every year during this month. I get so nervous, I get very protective of money, I get very stressed out, and that's the kind of energy I'm putting out and so everything goes wrong." I'm not like that most of the rest of the year. Money is usually something that I don't think about very much and it doesn't bother me. If I need to go and buy something, I just do it and I don't really give it a whole lot of thought. So I thought to myself, "Okay, maybe if I tried to just do things that I normally do, maybe that will change whatever energy I'm putting out and maybe things will start to change." Mind you, I still felt the same way. I was still stressed out. I was still worried. I was still thinking about my taxes and the government and things like that. But even though I was still feeling that way, I decided to do different things. So the next day I went out and bought new pots and pans. I spent the money and I bought new pots and pans. I put them on my table and looked at them for three days because they were so cool! (Laughs)Well, a few days later I went on the computer to check air prices again, and all of a sudden I found an airfare for $500 - which it didn't end up being $500 with everything that they add into it - but I was like, "Wow! This must be a sign to myself that I did change something in my energy." Something changed, even though I was still feeling upset. Then a few days later I decided to get my taxes together and send them up to my tax lady. She called me a few days after she got my information, and because I did so many trips last year I actually lost money instead of making any money. So she tells me, "Oh, I have wonderful news! Your taxes are very low. You'll get a refund from the state." I never get a refund; I always have to pay! She said, "You'll get a refund from the state, and you only have to pay $600 to the federal government." I was like, "Wow, I thought I would have to pay $10,000. Oh my god, this is so great! It must be working! I must be doing it, even though it feels like nothing changed."Then a few days after that I got an email from David in England, telling me that the first Elias book got picked up by a publisher and that they would be paying me royalties for the book, which was like free money - oh, wow! So that was really exciting. The very same day that that happened, a producer in California called me to interview me to be on a TV show they are producing that will air next year. So all these things, everything, turned the complete opposite of what it was to begin with. I think the important piece was that lots of times when people are thinking, "How do I change my energy to make something different," they automatically think that they should feel different, that if they're changing their energy then they should feel fine. I don't think that's necessarily true. I think you can change your energy and make things go the way that you want them to go by doing different things. You might not feel any different right away, but after you start giving yourself examples of how it is changing, because things start to turn around and they start to happen differently, then you start to feel better and start to trust what you're doing. Many people get into situations, it doesn't matter what kind of a situation it is, and they get very upset or they're sad or they're having a lot of conflict or they can't figure out how to get themselves out of a certain situation or whatever. They just keep trying to think about it, and nothing happens. They keep asking themselves, "Why is all this stuff happening to me?" and that doesn't give them any answers, either. Or they try to make themselves feel something different. I come up against a lot of that with a lot of my clients, where they're in a situation, maybe they're really sad or maybe they're really upset, and they're trying to force themselves to feel something different. I was speaking with a client of mine just recently who had a death in her family, and she was very, very, very sad - it was her husband, actually. She was talking to me about it, saying, "I keep trying to make myself happy. I keep trying to make myself feel something else." I said, "Well, I don't know how intense that must feel with your husband, but I can tell you that a few years ago I had a dog that was very, very special to me and she died, and I was very, very sad. I just let myself be sad and I didn't try to make it anything different." Interestingly enough, it went away a lot faster. When I wasn't fighting with it so much, it took a lot of the sting of the sadness out of it, so it wasn't like this really hard pain or whatever. I think that's something to think about also, that when you're really trying to force your energy against something, most of the time it does exactly the opposite of what you want it to do. Then you're really frustrated because you're like, "Oh, I can't do anything right! I don't know how to do this! I'm the only person that reads Elias' material that can't figure it out! I can't make it work!" And that's not true. Everybody goes through all of these kinds of things too, and gets frustrated and has these struggles and whatever. I think that it's an interesting key to do something different, to notice what you're doing in the time when things are not so great, to notice what it is that you're doing. Your key is what you're feeling. If you're anxious or you're upset or you're depressed or you're nervous or scared, those are your keys to tell you what kind of thing you're doing. In listening to those communications, you can pay attention to what you're actually doing - like for me, trying to hoard money in the bank and not pay for anything because I was trying to protect it and keep it, and that's not a normal flow of energy for me. So I noticed that this was not something that I normally do; I was doing something different. Sometimes it's a little hard to figure out what you're doing, because you think you're not doing anything. You think that things are just happening to you or they're just happening around you, and so you don't necessarily think that you're doing anything. But you are, and that's what makes things happen in not such a great way.I just thought it was an interesting example to share with all of you of how to actually do something like that. It's all well and good to listen to Elias say, "Oh, all you have to do is reconfigure your energy," and then you walk away and go, "Okay, what the heck does that mean? I don't even know what my energy is. How am I supposed to reconfigure it?" BALBINA: But you changed behavior...MARY: Yes.BALBINA: ...and then later the emotions and so on changed.MARY: Yes!BALBINA: But first you changed behavior.MARY: And change the actions that you're doing. That makes the other things change, and that then changes the emotion and the thinking, because you can see something.BALBINA: And this is easier to go this way than to change emotions, for example.MARY: Yeah. It's pretty hard to change what you're feeling intentionally. You can think about it all you want; it doesn't seem to make it go away! (Laughs) I could think forever, "I hate this feeling in the pit of my stomach!" and it just stays there. But if you change something that you're doing, that kind of... It's the same principle only in reverse of what you were doing the first time. If you're putting out energy and you're doing things that are making everything go wrong, that's the same principle. It's kind of like a chain reaction. You start doing something and it starts going wrong, and it goes more wrong and it goes more wrong, and it just keeps building. It's the same principle only reversed, where you make a different choice and you do a different action and stop that flow from happening. It's like interrupting that ball rolling and making it roll a different way, and it works in an amazing way! I was pretty amazed, pretty impressed, too! (Laughs) I was like, "Wow, this is pretty cool!" It's hard to talk about some of these things if you don't have some real examples and you can't share real life examples with somebody. Also what was very interesting about this whole experience or this sequence of experiences was the thing that caught my attention the most was the pot, which was the smallest thing of all of the things that happened. I thought that it was kind of interesting that we have a tendency to look at all these big things and not see sometimes there's a lot of information in something really little. The whole month all these big things were happening, and I could not figure out how to stop it. I couldn't think of any way to stop it. I was also feeling pretty much like a victim, that everything was happening to me and that I wasn't making it happen. The dog was getting sick - okay, I'm not making that happen! My daughter needed rent money because her husband didn't get paid - okay, I didn't make that happen! Lynda crashed my car.ANJULI: My session money got lost.MARY: Oh, yes, twice! That was in that time, too. The money for the sessions got lost in the mail. That didn't happen only with you; that happened with a couple of other people, too. They sent checks and poof, gone! They never arrived. I even went to the post office and talked to the postman, saying, "Is something going wrong here? How come all of a sudden all my mail is getting lost?" He was like, "I don't know. I don't understand." I went back home, telling myself that I'm cursed and I don't know what I'm doing, I can't make this stop, I don't know what it is that I'm putting out that's making it all happen, and I certainly don't know how to stop it and do something different.But the pot was so little and it was such an obvious thing to me that if I wasn't in that month and if I wasn't feeling what I was feeling, I wouldn't have given that a second thought. At any other time I would have just laughed at it, and it wouldn't have been something that would have made me mad. It would have really genuinely been an excuse for me to go buy new pots and pans, which was really cool!So even though it was such a small thing, it was a very obvious thing to see that this is why all of these things were happening to me, because I was putting out this kind of energy. I didn't know what kind of energy I was putting out before that, but it really showed me that this is not what I normally do and that's why all of these things were happening, and if I stopped it and did something different, maybe everything would go back to normal. And it did, which was kind of cool.BALBINA: But even better than normal, no?MARY: Oh, yeah, actually it was!BALBINA: Because you had refunds and so on. It was even better.MARY: My tax lady actually called me a week after she told me that my taxes were going to be $600 and told me that she had found some more write-offs and that they were going to be $350. I was like, "Score!" I actually thought she made a mistake. I was like, "Are you sure?"It did actually go even better than normal, because I got the book deal and the TV show. Instead of paying out money to the government, people started paying me for the book and for the TV show, for me not to even have to do anything. Checks were coming in! (To Anjuli) It so made up for the lost ones from you! (Laughs) Actually, that's a good point - it did kind of go even better than it would normally, which was pretty exciting.All right, that's my spiel! (Laughs) That's all I have to say. Now we'll let the dead guy talk.GROUP: Thank you, Mary.MARY: You're welcome!?2004 Mary Ennis, All Rights Reserved
© Mary Ennis 2004


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Mark Winegardner
Mark Winegardner grew up among the Dum Dum suckers and Etch A Sketch toys of Bryan, Ohio, where he learned to love road trips from his RV-dealing father, baseball from his sports fan granddad, and reading from a friendly Williams County librarian. Who would have known, when he was booted from his Little League team and rejected from five creative-writing programs, that he would one day direct a creative writing department, publish several books about baseball, and win the nomination to write one of the most talked-about books of the new millennium, The Godfather Returns.
Mark Winegardner was never good at baseball, but Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria, a contributor to the New York Times Book Review, said his Veracruz Blues was "the best baseball novel that I have read." Winegardner grew up in rural northwest Ohio, but even Cleveland natives couldn't criticize his perceptions of their city in Crooked River Burning. Winegardner has no history with the Mafia—he's not even Italian—but his Godfather Returns is gripping and winning, a "real book by a real writer," one full of "elegant, ironic insight," says Sarah Vowell.
Some say Winegardner developed wanderlust, traveling the country with his parents as a boy. But perhaps it's not wandering to distant places that this Ohio writer craves. Perhaps his forte is in wandering into the lives of people and time periods foreign to him and his readers, and making them into lives and times to which we all can relate. Mark Winegardner is young and his career is just picking up current. One wonders where this crooked river will take him next.


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Developer-Pivotal Games
Publisher-SCi, Gotham Games
Platform-PlayStation 2, Xbox, PC, GameCube
Release date-September 19, 2003
Genre-Tactical shooter
Mode-Single-player, multiplayer (split-screen, cooperative)
Rating-ESRB: T,OFLC: MA15+,PEGI: 16+
Conflict: Desert Storm II, released as Conflict: Desert Storm II: Back to Baghdad in North America, is a 2003 video game set during the Gulf War. The game puts the player in command of a special forces squad of four men.Games Conflict Desert Storm II - Back to Baghdad this is the iraq war-themed game that occurred in 2002 and players have to operate around Iraq during the Gulf War. Players must lead the army and charged with the task of defending Kuwait against the invasion of Iraq. Players will once again need to balance the need for action on the need for survival in a series of 10 missions that are designed to meet operating objectives.
Set during the first Gulf War, the four squad members of either the British 22nd SAS or the US Army Delta Force must battle their way through ten missions.
The player can control one member at a time but can also give remote commands to other squad members. It is possible for two players to play simultaneously, each controlling two soldiers. Up to four can play in the Gamecube and Xbox versions. The player can use different tactics, such as focusing on a head on approach or by using stealth against a variety of forces from the Iraqi military. The player is not limited to the original arsenal, and may find appropriate enemy weapons and munitions. Different orders, such as "follow me" or "fire at will" can be given to the soldiers not being controlled by the player (who can switch control between them at will).
Set during the first Gulf War, the four squad members of either the British 22nd SAS or the US Army Delta Force must battle their way through ten missions and take out Saddam Hussein's men. Starting in Al-Hadar, the squad must link up with a delta team trapped in the city. After rendezvousing with the delta sergeant, two deltas are killed in the mortar strike as the squad heads to the communication bunker. At the communication bunker the squad must protect three deltas from the Iraqi forces before they and the sergeant are evacuated. The squad then escapes with Sgt. Arnold.
The squad is then sent to take out a communication base and are captured, leading to a break out. The squad must then take out a chemical facility where Scud missiles are being filled with sarin gas. After destroying the chemical threat, the squad must help the 2nd Marine Division secure a refinery which has been taken over and is to be destroyed. The mission ends with an Iraqi ambush of the marines and a number of soldiers are killed.
The squad then support the securing of Kuwait City via the use of an M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, taking out numerous Iraqi infantry along the way, eventually making their way to the nearby artillery shore guns, calling in air strikes to destroy them. The game then ends with Kuwait liberated and the Emir thanking the U.N. coalition for their military assistance.
Windows 98 SE/ME/2000/XP
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Size-115 MB


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Original Research ARTICLE
Vascular anatomy of kiwi fruit and its implications for the origin of carpels
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- 2Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China
- 3College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
Kiwi fruit is of great agricultural, botanical, and economic interest. The flower of kiwi fruit has axile placentation, which is typical for Actinidiaceae. Axile placentation is thought derived through fusion of conduplicate carpels with marginal placentation according to the traditional doctrine. Recent progress in angiosperm systematics has refuted this traditional doctrine and placed ANITA clade rather than Magnoliaceae as the basalmost clade. However, the former traditional doctrine stays in the classrooms as the only teachable theory for the origin of carpels. To test the validity of this doctrine, we performed anatomical study on kiwi fruit. Our study indicates that the placenta has a vascular system independent of that of the ovary wall, the ovules/seeds are attached to the placenta that is a continuation of floral axis enclosed by the lateral appendages that constitute the ovary wall, and there are some amphicribral bundles in the center of placenta and numerous amphicribral bundles supplying ovules/seeds in kiwi fruit. The amphicribral vascular bundles supplying the ovules/seeds are comparable to those usually seen in branches, but not comparable to those seen in leaves or their derivatives. This comparison indicates that the placenta in kiwi fruit cannot be derived from the fusion of collateral ventral bundles of conduplicate carpels, as suggested by traditional doctrine. Instead the vascular organization in placenta of kiwi suggests that the placenta is a shoot apex-bearing ovules/seeds laterally. This conclusion is in line with the recently raised Unifying Theory, in which the placenta is taken as an ovule-bearing branch independent of the ovary wall (carpel in strict sense). Similar vascular organization in placenta has been seen in numerous isolated taxa besides kiwi fruit. Therefore whether such a pattern is applicable for other angiosperms is an interesting question awaiting answering.
Vascular bundles are the main transport channels of water and nutrients in the fruit, and play a very important role in fruit development and quality formation (Choat et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Measham et al., 2010) in addition to their systematic significance. The growth of fleshy fruits involves a balance between the supply or withdrawal of water via the vascular tissue, and losses to transpiration (Morandi et al., 2007; Clearwater et al., 2011). Kiwi fruit is of great agricultural, botanical, and economic interest. In kiwi fruit, as in most fruits, storage quality is related to calcium concentration and many disorders are associated with low fruit calcium concentration, and calcium transport to the fruit is exclusively via the xylem – calcium is not phloem mobile (Marschner, 1983; White, 2001; Dichio et al., 2003). Kiwi fruit vasculature is similar to that of the ovary at anthesis (Schmid, 1978). Many of the fruit vascular bundles are considerably larger than those of the flower owing to the formation of secondary vascular tissue, particularly secondary xylem (Habart, 1974; Schmid, 1978). However, these studies on kiwi fruit vascular bundles are not systematic and the evolutionary implications of the vascular bundles are rarely touched. Here the distributions, shapes, types, and structure of vascular bundles in kiwi fruit were systematically observed in order to provide a basis for studies on material transport and accumulation, mechanism of quality formation. Also the implications of vascular anatomy for the forming of carpel are explored.
Materials and Methods
Female flowers and some 150-day-old fruits of Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa 'Qinmei' were collected from an orchard in Fangshan, Beijing in 2012, and two 150-day-old fruits were sectioned in both the transverse and longitudinal planes and then photographed. Samples were taken from central placenta (CP), peripheral placenta (PP), and outer pericarp (OP) at the base, in the middle and near the top of other fruits. The samples were fixed with FAA and then used in the preparation of 8-μm thick paraffin-sections following the routine method. These sections were critically examined tracing the vascular bundles and photographed using a Nikon-E400 microscope with a Nikon E-995 digital camera.
Kiwi fruit is derived from compound pistil ovary, and its vascular bundles are mainly distributed in three distinct regions: CP, PP, and OP (Figures 1A–C).
FIGURE 1. Female flower and fruits of Actinidia deliciosa var deliciosa 'Qinmei.' (A) A female flower, showing syncarpous pistil constituted by many carpels. (B) Mid-cross section of fruit, showing many carpels around the axile placenta. (C) Longitudinal mid-section of fruit. Note the major vascular bundles (arrowheads) of fruit. CP, central placenta; PP, peripheral placenta; OP, outer pericarp.
The axile placenta of fruit is mainly formed of homogeneous, very large parenchymatous cells. Cross sections made through the placenta at the base (Figures 2A–C), in the middle (Figures 2D–G) and near the top (Figures 2H–K) of fruit indicate that vascular tissues are amphicribral bundles with secondary xylem in stellate-shaped arrangement, developed secondary phloem and obvious vascular cambium. After entering the axile placenta, these bundles immediately ramify and permeate the core (Figures 2 and 5), which include placental vascular bundles (PB) from the upper surface of receptacle and CP vascular bundles (CB) diverging from the former (Figure 5). With the extension of vascular bundles, xylem cross-sectional areas are getting smaller and smaller (Figures 2B,E,J), and the shapes of vascular cross section change from subcircular (Figures 2A,B,E–G) to suboblong (Figures 2I–K). Meanwhile, central parenchymatous areas of vascular bundles gradually decrease (Figure 2), but secondary phloem does not decrease in the proportion of vascular bundle, suggesting developed phloem provides an important structural basis for the axile transport of nutrients.
FIGURE 2. Sections of central placenta at the base, in the middle and near the top of fruits, respectively. (A–C) Views at the base. (A) Cross section of central placenta, showing one of vascular bundles. (B) Detailed view in Figure 2A, showing an amphicribral vascular bundle with the phloem surrounding the xylem. (C) Longitudinal section of central placenta, showing annular tracheids in xylem of amphicribral vascular bundle. (D–G) Views in the middle. (D) Cross section of central placenta, showing seven vascular bundles. (E) Detailed view of one of the amphicribral vascular bundles, showing the phloem surrounding the xylem, which is divided into several segments by parenchyma. (F) Detailed view of an amphicribral vascular bundle, showing the phloem surrounding the xylem and central parenchyma. (G) Detailed view of an amphicribral vascular bundle, showing the phloem surrounding the xylem of several tracheids. (H–K) Views near the top. (H) Cross section of central placenta, showing seven vascular bundles. (I) Three amphicribral vascular bundles with few tracheids, showing the phloem surrounding various amount of xylem. (J) Detailed view of left bundle in Figure 2H, showing branching bundle with branching xylem of few tracheids. (K) Detailed view of an amphicribral vascular bundle, showing the phloem surrounding the xylem.
Vascular tissues of PP include PB and its branches [radial ovule-supplying branch (RB), ovule trace (OT), and septum bundle (SB); Figures 3A,B and 5], which are all amphicribral bundles, and their shapes, types, and structures are consistent with those in CP (Figures 3 and 5). PB, derived from the upper part of the receptacle, provide organic nutrients, water, and inorganic salts for ovules or seeds through RBs and OTs. SBs, distributed in every other septum, nourish septum tissue constituted by the two to six rows of cells arranged radially (Figure 3A). Vascular pattern in the middle and near the top (Figure not shown) is similar with that at the base of fruit (Figure 3).
FIGURE 3. Cross sections of peripheral placenta at the base of fruits showing the distribution, shape, type, and structure of amphicribral vascular bundles. (A) Distribution of vascular bundles at placental periphery, showing placental vascular bundles at the periphery of axile placenta and septum vascular bundles in every other septum. (B) Cross section showing radial ovule-supplying branch and ovule trace embedded in parenchyma. (C,D) Detailed view of typical amphicribral placental vascular bundles with the phloem surrounding the xylem, which may be interrupted by parenchyma. Se, spetum; SB, septum vascular bundle; RB, radial ovule-supplying branch; OT, ovule trace.
Vascular bundles in OP include ovary wall vascular bundle and its lateral branch bundle, like the midvein and secondary veins in a leaf. Ovary wall vascular bundles are from the receptacle (Figures 4 and 5). At the base of fruit, lateral branch bundles are amphicribral (Figures 4A,B), while ovary wall vascular bundles are collateral, which consist of less developed secondary xylem to the adaxial, vascular cambium with a weak activity and less developed secondary phloem to the abaxial (Figure 4C). In the middle and near the top of fruit, both of ovary wall vascular bundle and lateral branch bundle are collateral rather than amphicribral bundles (Figures 4D–G). As seen in Figure 4, cross-sectional areas of most ovary wall vascular bundles are bigger than those of lateral branch bundle, and the latter is oblong, while the former varies from long narrow shape to nearly triangular. In a bundle, cross-section area of the phloem is no less than that of the xylem (Figures 4A–C), highlighting the importance of the organic nutrient transport on fruit.
FIGURE 4. Cross sections of outer pericarp at the base, in the middle and near the top of fruits. (A–C) Views at the base. (A) Cross section of outer pericarp, showing two amphicribral bundles from lateral branch bundles. (B) Detailed view of the amphicribral bundle on the right side of Figure 4A. (C) Cross section of outer pericarp, showing three collateral bundles and their different shapes, which are all ovary wall vascular bundles. (D,E) Views in the middle. (D) Cross section of outer pericarp, showing three collateral bundles, in which two of them are lateral branch bundles (above), and the other is ovary wall vascular bundle (below). (E) Detailed view of different shapes of ovary wall vascular bundles, showing long and narrow bundle and nearly triangular view in cross section. (F,G). Views near the top. (F) Detailed view of one lateral branch bundle, which is collateral. (G) Detailed view of an elongate ovary wall vascular bundle, which is collateral.
FIGURE 5. Sketches of the vascular distribution of fruit of Actinidia deliciosa var deliciosa 'Qinmei.' (A) Longitudinal mid-section of fruit, showing the arrangement of the major vascular bundles in fruit. (B) Mid-cross section of fruit, showing the distributions of the major vascular bundles (green dots) in the fruit. Note septum vascular bundles occur in every other septum. CB, central placenta vascular bundle; LB, lateral branch bundle; PB, placental vascular bundle; OB, ovary wall vascular bundle; OT, ovule trace; SB, septum vascular bundle.
Fruit vascular arrangement has important influence on fruit quality, and it has been investigated by previous authors. Examining the anatomical structure of kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis), Habart (1974) did not mention vascular bundles in CP and septa. Subsequently, based only on Habart's work, Ferguson (1984) concluded that the central core and the septa should lack of vascular tissue, and this could further result in poor nutrient in these parts due to inadequate supplies of the immobile nutrient such as calcium. However, the present study shows that the central core and the every other septum have abundant secondary vascular tissue. In addition, in the determination of starch content in various parts of kiwi fruit and observation on their chloroplast ultrastructure, we have found starch contents continue to increase in axile placenta and inner pericarp, and are significantly higher in them than in OP at 140 days after anthesis (unpublished). These suggest that both of placental bundles and SBs have a strong function of transporting carbohydrates to meet the needs of these parts of fruit for nutrients. Further observation is necessary to testify whether there are anatomical differences between two cultivars of Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa 'Qinmei' and Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis.
It has been observed that kiwi fruit vasculature is composed of the multi-level branches arranged in order, and each part of fruit has corresponding bundles providing nutrients for it. PB and ovary wall vascular bundles enter the placenta and ovary wall from the receptacle through continuous extension and branching. Particularly, the ovary is superior, and all those to sepals, petals, and stamens from the base surface of receptacle are isolated from the placental branches, which all are amphicribral in organization. So, the placenta is a flower part independent of and separated from others, which are taken as foliar in nature. This would make the placenta a distinct organ.
According to the traditional botanical doctrines, the gynoecia of kiwifruit are constituted by multi-conduplicate carpel, and dorsal and ventral bundles in a carpel should have the same structure and type. However, our observations are not consistent with the theory. First, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, all the vascular bundles are amphicribral in placenta and its periphery of kiwi fruit, implying an axial nature for the placental bundles, and most of them are collateral in ovary wall implying a leaf precursor for ovary wall. Second, as seen in Figures 2A,B,E–G,K and 3C,D, stronger activity of vascular cambium in placental bundles, compared with that in ovary wall vascular bundles (Figure 4), further indicates that the placenta is an organ of the branch, and also implies ovary wall is a leaf organ, which usually lacks of secondary growth. Third, it can be inferred from traditional doctrine that, if septa are formed by the edges of carpel, and they all should have a uniform structure. Actually, our results show that SBs are distributed in every other septum (Figure 3A). This phenomenon is, however, understandable if the septum is taken as part of placenta, which, as a branch, includes vascular tissue and other tissue such as ground tissue. Fourth, combined with vascular patterns in CP and PP (Figures 2D,H, 3A and 5), there is more than one ring of vascular bundles in placenta, which is very important. According to the traditional theory, carpel edge has only one ventral bundle involving in ovules bearing, and is impossible to form a few rings of vascular bundles, suggesting that the placenta is different from ovary wall in nature and origin. Fifth, in accordance with our current knowledge of botany, there is some of parenchyma in the center of xylem in amphicribral bundles with secondary growth, a typical configuration for eustele. So, amphicribral vascular with central parenchyma in placenta of kiwi fruit implies that the placenta is axial in nature (Figures 2 and 3), and is different from the ovary wall. This inconsistency between traditional doctrine and actual observations is not restricted to kiwi fruit. Amphicribral bundles have been shown to be related to ovules/placenta in various angiosperms [Papaveraceae (Kapoor, 1973,1995); Leguminosae in Figure 1 of Lersten and Don (1966); Winteraceae in Figure 2 of Tucker (1975); Solanaceae in Figure 1f of Dave et al. (1981); Gesneriaceae in Figures 11–13 of Wang and Pan (1998); Buxaceae in Figures 10Q and 82N of Von Balthazar and Endress (2002); Annonaceae in Figures 6G–K of Endress and Armstrong (2011)]. These families span from the magnoliids to terminal eudicot lineage in the tree of life for angiosperms (APG, 2009). However, little attention has been paid to this frequently seen phenomenon. The inconsistency between the traditional doctrine and observation in kiwi fruit and other plants casts serious doubt on the traditional doctrine.
The Unifying Theory states that the carpel in the classic sense is a composite organ comprising an ovule-bearing shoot (placenta) and a foliar part enclosing the shoot (Wang, 2010). This view is compatible with data from other fields of botany (Herr, 1995; Rounsley et al., 1995; Hickey and Taylor, 1996; Skinner et al., 2004; Dreni et al., 2007; Doyle, 2008; Zheng et al., 2010). If this theory is true, it can be presumed that there should be vascular bundles of radial symmetry (namely, amphicribral bundles) in the placenta. The amphicribral bundles in placenta of kiwi fruit in the present study provide important and crucial evidence favoring this theory. Moreover, studies on gene expression patterns in flowers of model plants including Arabidopsis, Petunia, and Oryza also indicate that STK, FBP7, FBP11, AGL11, and OsMADS13 are restricted to placenta/ovules (Angenent et al., 1995; Rounsley et al., 1995; Pinyopich et al., 2003; Dreni et al., 2007; Yoo et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011), while DL, CRC, and YABBY only to ovary wall (Yamaguchi et al., 2004; Dreni et al., 2007; Li et al., 2011). This implies that placenta is a distinct floral organ equivalent to a secondary shoot and independent of carpel and it is recruited onto ovary wall later in angiosperms (Angenent et al., 1995; Roe et al., 1997; Skinner et al., 2004). These conclusions are plausible considering that ovules are borne on fertile shoots in gymnosperms that have no carpels (Bierhorst, 1971; Biswas and Johri, 1997), and that ovule formation has nothing to do with carpels in mutant angiosperm (Lersten and Don, 1966; Dave et al., 1981; Skinner et al., 2004). Considering all, placenta in angiosperms is homologous with ovule-bearing branch, and the carpel wall with its subtending bract.
In the ovary wall vascular tissues, only lateral branch bundles are amphicribral at the base of fruit, implying an axis feature for the base of fruit wall, while all vascular bundles are collateral in other parts, implying a leaf characteristic for the middle and the top of fruit wall (Figure 4), that is to say, ovary wall of fruit, as leaf organ, has not completed the conversion process from axis to leaf at the base although well done in the middle and top portion. Studies on fossil plants provide some clues for the transformation from axis to leaf. Psilophyton and Pauthecophyton have distal axes with lateral, three-dimensional, synchronously dichotomous trusses. These lateral dichotomous trusses most probably performed a photosynthetic function similar to that performed by leaves, and distal divisions of the dichotomous trusses show a fundamentally leafy architecture, comprising a vascular bundle, parenchymatous mesophylls, and epidermis and lacking peripheral sterome (Banks et al., 1975; Gifford and Foster, 1989). Ultimate units of the branch-leaf complexes (BLC) of Psilophyton dawsonii and Triloboxylon ashlandicum show a uniform, fundamentally leafy histology, consisting of a vascular bundle (vein), parenchymatous mesophylls and epidermis (Banks et al., 1975; Scheckler, 1976). So, vascular anatomy of kiwi fruit wall shows a midway between axis and leaf, and thus sheds some new light on the derivation of leaves.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We thank Dr. Xin Wang (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS) for inviting us to join this research topic.
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Banks, H. P., Leclercq, S., and Hueber, F. M. (1975). Anatomy and morphology of Psilophyton dawsonii sp. n. from the late Lower Devonian of Quebec (Gaspé), and Ontario, Canada. Palaeontogr. Am. 8, 77–127.
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Choat, B., Gambetta, G. A., Shackel, K. A., and Matthews, M. A. (2009). Vascular function in grape berries across development and its relevance to apparent hydraulic isolation. Plant Physiol. 151, 1677–1687. doi: 10.1104/pp.109.143172
Clearwater, M. J., Luo, Z., Ong, E. C., Blattmann, P., and Thorp, T. G. (2011). Vascular functioning and the water balance of ripening kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) berries. J. Exp. Bot. 63, 1835–1847. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err352
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Keywords: angiosperm, placenta, origin, comparative anatomy, kiwi fruit
Citation: Guo X-M, Xiao X, Wang G-X and Gao R-F (2013) Vascular anatomy of kiwi fruit and its implications for the origin of carpels. Front. Plant Sci. 4:391. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00391
Received: 30 June 2013; Accepted: 13 September 2013;
Published online: 16 October 2013.
Edited by:Xin Wang, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Reviewed by:Xin Wang, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China
Zhong Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Copyright © 2013 Guo, Xiao, Wang and Gao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Xue-Min Guo, College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, St. 4, Changli County, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600, China e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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|Mason Square Branch – 765 State Street – Springfield MA 01109
765 State Street
Springfield MA 01109
Free parking is available in the side lot on Hawley Street and the back lot on Monroe Street, across from DeBerry School. Enter the glass breezeway from either the front or the back of the building.
Manager: Diane Houle
Book a Librarian: For assistance with basic computing, job searching, homework, resume writing, trouble-shooting your computer, or just figuring out how to use your gosh-darn smart phone – Book-A-Librarian. To reserve a one-on-one session speak with Mason Square's adult reference librarian. They can be reached at the branch's reference desk or by phone at 413-263-6853.
|The libraries will be closed on the following 2020 holidays:
|January 1, 2020 (Wednesday)
|New Year's Day
|January 20, 2020 (Monday)
|Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
|February 17, 2020 (Monday)
|Presidents' Day
|April 12, 2020 (Sunday)
|Easter: Central Library closed
|April 20, 2020 (Monday)
|Patriot's Day (MA holiday)
|May 25, 2020 (Monday)
|Memorial Day
|July 3, 2020 (Friday)
|Independence Day (Observed)
|July 4, 2020 (Saturday)
|Independence Day
|September 7, 2020 (Monday)
|Labor Day
|October 12, 2020 (Monday)
|Columbus Day
|November 11, 2020 (Wednesday)
|Veterans Day
|November 25, 2020 (Wednesday)
|Thanksgiving Eve: All libraries close at 5 pm
|November 26, 2020 (Thursday)
|Thanksgiving Day
|December 24, 2020 (Thursday)
|Christmas Eve
|December 25, 2020 (Friday)
|Christmas Day
|December 31, 2020 (Thursday)
|New Year's Eve: All libraries close at 5 pm
Fax Service: Fax service is available. There is a $1 per job charge for a traditional fax. We cannot receive faxes. There is no charge to scan your document to an email address, USB, tablet or smartphone. To scan to your smartphone you must have a QR code app.
To promote neighborhood culture and development, the library makes its community room available for educational, social service, and other organizations. Visit the Meeting Room page for information about booking the Community Room, to review our meeting room rules and policies, and submit a meeting room request.
In 1943 the Winchester Square (now known as Mason Square) area of Springfield Massachusetts was a prosperous and diverse community, with thriving businesses, active churches, and excellent schools and colleges. Not surprising then, that in March of that year, library advocates pulled together and pushed for the establishment of a branch library in the area. On April 12 the Library leased space at 826 State Street, and an "agency" of the Springfield City Library opened on May 18. Growing from a deposit collection housed in a rented storefront to a library agency one month later, it soon became apparent that a full service library was necessary. (After only one month, book circulation was higher than at three older branches!) In the fall of 1950 neighborhood residents were concerned that their library might be closed due to budget issues so parents, children, and teachers from the area's seven schools worked together to keep Winchester Square from being without a branch library. They succeeded beyond their expectations and in May of 1951 the branch was relocated to a much larger space, 21 Catharine Street, with over 300 people visiting on the May 23 Opening Night.
Often visiting this branch for books was an elderly neighborhood resident, Annie G. Curran. Annie was born in Springfield during the Civil War, was quite independent, even owning one of the earliest cars in the city, and yet lived a simple life. She enjoyed sewing, listening to the radio, and reading, especially about local and national current events. Outliving three husbands, and investing monies left to her, she stunned the City upon her death in April of 1952 by leaving over one million dollars to establish and operate a full service branch library in the Winchester Square area, yet wanted no glory for herself. She did not want the new library named after her, but simply a "real full service library with meeting space."
When it opened in September of 1955, at 765 State Street, the modern design made the new Winchester Square Branch Library a unique and inviting space for all ages, boasting an outdoor Reading Garden, children's outside story area, and spacious auditorium able to accommodate as many as 200 children to watch a movie. The main reading space included built-in ceiling speakers so patrons could listen to music as they browsed the book collections. The following year the Library's one-floor design was given an award by the Easter Seal Society, noting its lack of stairs, nice wide doors and easy-reach bookshelves as a "boon to handicapped and heart patients particularly."
The Springfield Library and Museums Association operated all branches of the library system until February 2003 when the Library became a City Department. The building had been sold to the Urban League of Springfield in 2001 and the Community Room held the library, while the remainder of the building became the Urban League headquarters. The Library continued to serve residents, albeit on a much more limited basis. Still, the Mason Square Branch has been a vital part of this neighborhood since its inception. Residents have supported and steadfastly defended it, most recently working and planning while the eminent domain process played out. The City recovered ownership of 765 State Street allowing the library to again provide services in the entire building. The Springfield Library Foundation, guardians of the Annie G. Curran Endowment, allocated $1.5 million in the fall of 2010 to renovate and refurbish the building, and the "new" Mason Square Branch Library celebrated its grand reopening in April of 2011, fittingly during National Library Week.
For more about the history of the Mason Square Branch, download our brochure.
Branch News
Descubra su verano: ¡lea y gane premios!
¡Únase al Club de Lectura del Verano 2020 para niñxs, adolescentes y adultxs en la Biblioteca de Springfield!
Statement on Racial Justice
Statement from the Library Director and the Springfield Library Commission on Racial Justice
Curbside Pickup
Curbside pickup of materials starts June 8 at all Springfield City Library locations.
Discover Your Summer: Read and Win Prizes!
Join the Summer Reading Club 2020 for kids, teens, and adults at Springfield City Library!
Resources for Adults During Coronavirus Closures
Links and information about resources for adults during this period of Coronavirus closures and service changes.
Branch Programs
Libraries Transform: Group Read of "Book Of The Little Axe"
Join readers across the country for a group read of "Book of the Little Axe" | Adults
Knot Just Knitters
Grab some needles and yarn, then come join us! Newcomers always welcome. | Adults
Coupons Galore!
A wide selection of free store and manufacturer coupons are available for you to take.
Neighborhood Playgroups
Come join us for fun and learning. | Children


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GULDARA DISTRICT, Kabul Province – Farmer Wazir Gul, 43, from Tolat village examines the nicked and shriveled grape vines damaged by hail in the spring and drought in the summer. He looks doubtful that he will have enough good grapes to sell to support his family.
Although Wazir Gul cultivates 150 grape vines, he receives the yields of only 30 of them as the vines are shared among his four brothers and their families. Nonetheless, Wazir Gul does not despair; from previous experience, he knows first-hand how helpful the community grain bank is. He explains, "A few months ago during Ramadan, my wife became very sick. I didn't have money for both food and medicine. I couldn't risk letting my wife's condition worsen, but I also couldn't let the children go hungry."
Aware of the plight of Gul and his family, the community grain bank in his village, a philanthropic community food reserve initiated under the Citizens' Charter Afghanistan Project (Citizens' Charter), leapt into action and distributed food and other basic necessities to Gul and other food insecure families like his.
"When I found out our family's name was with the grain bank, I was so relieved and happy because they brought food to our home and I could buy medicine for my wife," says Wazir Gul.
Villagers, like Wazir Gul, with small farms are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters, such as hail storm. "Even a small shock can adversely affect their livelihood," says Saleh Mohammad Samit, Head of Vulnerable Groups Division of the Citizens' Charter. "The grain bank is designed and established particularly for such situations—to assist people in dire need of help."


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Broker Admits Lying To Investigators and Obstructing La Jolla Bank Bribery Investigation
United States Department of Justice
United States Attorney's Office, Southern District of California
May 5, 2016
Broker Admits Lying To Investigators and Obstructing La Jolla Bank Bribery Investigation
Assistant U.S. Attorneys Emily W. Allen (619) 546-9738 and Nicholas W. Pilchak (619) 546-9709
SAN DIEGO – Jocelyn J. Brown, a loan broker for the now-defunct La Jolla Bank, pleaded guilty today to making false statements in relation to an investigation into bribes paid to the bank's Vice President and Small Business Administration ("SBA") lending department manager Amalia Martinez.
As part of her guilty plea, Brown admitted that she paid cash bribes in return for the banker's assurance that the loans Brown referred would be approved and funded, and, therefore, that Brown's commissions would be paid. Brown collected tens of thousands of dollars in referral fees from La Jolla Bank, and kicked back a portion to the bank manager, in cash, every time she was paid.
La Jolla Bank was a bank and financial services company that provided consumer, business, and construction loans. It opened its SBA lending department in 2005. In February 2010, the bank failed, and was taken over by the FDIC. At the time of its failure, the bank had outstanding debt of over $1 billion, which the FDIC absorbed—and ultimately passed on to the American taxpayers.
According to the plea agreement, Brown worked as an unofficial broker for La Jolla Bank, referring business loan customers to the bank's SBA department. As part of this job, Brown helped her borrowers compile their loan application packages and submit them to the bank. In return for generating business, La Jolla Bank paid Brown a commission or referral fee, calculated as a percentage of each loan she referred.
Brown admitted that in 2006, Martinez asked her to kick back a portion of her commissions, in cash, after her clients' loans were funded. In turn, Martinez would make sure that Brown's clients' loans were approved so that Brown could collect commission payments, regardless of the soundness of the loans and their benefit to the bank. In addition, the Martinez arranged to pay Brown a fraudulent $30,000 "commission" for a loan she in fact had no part in brokering. Brown went so far as to generate a fake invoice, pretending that she had earned the commission.
Brown admitted that she lied to law enforcement agents by concealing these bribe payments and hiding her relationship with Martinez. During the investigation, she told federal agents, falsely, that she never saw Martinez accept money in exchange for loans. And despite the fact that she and Martinez traded several phone calls and text messages and had a sit-down meeting in June 2014, Brown falsely reported to federal agents in September 2014 that she had not spoken to or seen Martinez since before she learned about the federal investigation. In her plea agreement, Brown acknowledged that her false statements significantly impeded the investigation of Martinez.
Since then, however, Martinez has pleaded guilty to accepting bribes, and admitted that she and other senior La Jolla Bank executives accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash bribes and kickbacks from borrowers in return for issuing hundreds of millions of dollars in loans. The bank management issued the loans knowing that the borrowers were unqualified and unlikely to repay, and their mismanagement contributed to the bank's billion-dollar collapse. Martinez admitted that she participated in a conspiracy with the bank's senior executives to line their own pockets with bribe money.
Two other defendants have been charged in related cases. SBA borrower Annand Sluman pled guilty and admitted paying cash bribes to Martinez in return for several SBA loans he was issued between 2006 and 2008. By 2008, Sliuman was not financially qualified to borrow money, so he submitted fraudulent documents as part of his loan application that made his businesses appear to be financially sound. Sliuman's assistant, Laura Ortuondo, assisted in creating the fraudulent loan documents. She pled guilty to making false statements to investigators about her involvement in the case; as part of her plea, she also admitted that she destroyed evidence and instructed her then-husband to testify falsely on her behalf to help cover up the crime.
Brown is scheduled to be sentenced on July 19, 2016 at 9 a.m. by U.S. District Judge Anthony J. Battaglia.
DEFENDANT Case Number 15CR2049-AJB
Jocelyn J. Brown, Age: 60 San Diego, CA
Making a false statement to a federal agent, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Maximum Penalties: 5 years' imprisonment, $250,000 fine, $100 special assessment, restitution.
Amalia Martinez, 15CR2471-AJB Age 52 San Diego, CA
Conspiracy to misapply bank funds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371
Maximum Penalties: 5 years' imprisonment, $250,000 fine or twice the pecuniary loss or gain, three years supervised release, $100 special assessment, restitution.
Annand Sliuman, 13CR3673-AJB Age 37 Spring Valley, CA
Bank bribery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 215
Maximum Penalties: 30 years' imprisonment, $1,000,000 fine or three times the value of the thing given, offered, or promised, five years' supervised release, $100 special assessment, restitution.
Laura Ortuondo, 13CR3879-AJB Age 36 Cupertino, CA
Making a false statement to a federal agent, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Maximum Penalties: 5 years' imprisonment, $250,000 fine, $100 special assessment, restitution.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
U.S. Small Business Administration – Office of Inspector General
Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – Office of Inspector General
Department of the Treasury – Office of Inspector General
Federal Housing Finance Agency – Office of Inspector General
This content has been reproduced from its original source.


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Summary: Word Count 3983 Indiana Jones parody, where Indiana is indigenous and trying to rescue the bones of indigenous peoples from museums. Written from his internal dialogue… Read more "Idaho Jack and the Rescue of Red Hawk"
Month: May 2018
Our Orchard App Language Options
#NativeTwitter Getting ready to start on the Our Orchard app language options and we want to add indigenous languages. Anyone that would be willing to do a… Read more "Our Orchard App Language Options"
The European Problem unedited
Working on this story as time goes on. I love the idea of a world without European Colonialism. Please feel free to comment changes that would make… Read more "The European Problem unedited"


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Available - usually in stock
Ref: AA0289Brand: Kaytee
Kaytee Rainbow Exact is a nutritionally complete extruded diet. Each crunchy, fruit flavoured nugget provides 100% of your birds dietary requirements. Rainbow Exact is totally consumable so there is less waste and less mess.
Suitable for African Greys, Amazons, Conures, Senegals, small Cockatoos etc.
Also available in 'chunky' for larger parrots, macaws, cockatoos etc.
Home > Bird Feed & Snacks > Parrot and Large Parakeet


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ACCDFISA v2.0 Ransomware is not a program that you want to face acting on your operating system. If you ever encounter it, make sure to do everything in your power to avoid it. That is critical to do because this devious piece of software can cause a lot of damage. Like any other application of this classification, this ransomware can easily lock large quantities of data without any warning whatsoever. It is not hard to imagine that having such intrusive program could have devastating outcomes, to put it lightly. If you are keen on finding out more about the complex inner workings of this malware, be sure to read our report in its entirety. In addition to such essential information, we also include a few virtual security tips along with a detailed removal guide, which you should use to delete ACCDFISA v2.0 Ransomware once and for all. Read more »
Monthly Archives: January 2018 - Page 12
ACCDFISA v2.0 Ransomware
Satan's Doom Ransomware
Satan's Doom Ransomware is a malicious program that encrypts user's data and locks the screen by displaying a message illustrated with pictures from the Blizzard Entertainment game series called Diablo. In exchange for decrypting the user's files the hackers who created the infection demand for a payment of $250. If the user does not manage to pay it in two days, these people threaten to double the price. Nonetheless, we advise you not to rush as you could later regret your choice. Keep it in mind; no one can guarantee the hackers will want to or will be able to decrypt your data. In other words, while you may keep up to your end of the deal the malware's creators might not, and if this happens, you will lose transferred money in vain. This is why we encourage users not to put up with any demands and erase Satan's Doom Ransomware with the instructions provided at the end of this report. Read more »
FilmsNet Start
There is another PUP (potentially unwanted program) that was created for the Google Chrome users, and it is called FilmsNet Start. At the moment, it is only compatible with the Chrome web browser, but we cannot guarantee that it will not cross over. If that happens, we can add the removal instructions you need below. If you are reading this report, the chances are that you have already made up your mind about eliminating this suspicious extension, but Anti-Spyware-101.com malware researchers can help you understand it better too. If you care only about deleting FilmsNet Start, you can scroll down. If you are curious to learn more about this suspicious extension, its distribution, and its activity, you should continue reading. Note that the comments section is open for all discussions, and if you come up with any questions while familiarizing yourself with the information provided, feel free to add them. If you are dealing with any problems, our research team will try to assist you as soon as possible. Read more »
Apple Security Alert
Apple Security Alert happens to be one more fake alert that could prove to be extremely dangerous. In some instances, encountering this devious warning message could result in losing a large sum of money. In other situations, this fake alert could even lead to further virtual security problems. During our analysis, it has been discovered that you could come across this warning in a few different ways. One of them is via a redirection caused by careless behavior while surfing the web. In other instances, a questionable third-party application might be responsible for it. In our report, we provide further analysis of this dubious warning message, which will help you learn more about its suspicious functionality. Furthermore, we include simple, yet effective virtual security tips along with a generic removal guide, which you should use to delete the program associated with Apple Security Alert in no time at all. Read more »
Advanced Identity Protector
Advanced Identity Protector is a questionable piece of software, which you should avoid at all times. It is critical to do so because this application happens to be one more potentially unwanted program. Such classification has been made due to a couple of reasons. One of them is its questionable functionality, which has been noticed during the in-depth analysis of this application. Another one is its suspicious distribution that could even prove to be dangerous. If you wish to learn more about the inner workings of this potentially unwanted program, make sure to read the rest of our report. Additionally, we include a few virtual security tips, which will help you maintain a fully secure operating system at all times. Finally, you will find a detailed removal guide, which you should use to delete Advanced Identity Protector at the very same instance that it is found up and running on your personal computer. Read more »
WinLock2 Ransomware
If you ever come across a program which goes by the name of WinLock2 Ransomware, make sure to do everything in your power to avoid it. We recommend doing so because this intrusive application exhibits malicious functionality that you should not be tolerated. During our in-depth analysis, it has been discovered that this devious program can easily lock access to your computer. Developers of this malware use it for illegal profits as they demand a payment in return for access to your PC. As you can imagine, having a program like this could have devastating outcomes. To understand how this intrusive piece of software functions, read this article as we provide extensive information. Also, we include a few virtual security tips along with a detailed removal guide, which you should use to delete WinLock2 Ransomware without encountering any major problems. Read more »