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Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was the third Prime Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian National Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office
Indira Gandhi was the only child of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. She served as the Chief of Staff of her father's highly centralized administration between 1947 and 1964 and came to wield considerable unofficial influence in government. Elected Congress President in 1959, she was offered the premiership in succession to her father. Gandhi refused and instead chose to become a cabinet minister in the government. She finally consented to become Prime Minister in succession to Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966.
As Prime Minister, Gandhi became known for her political ruthlessness and unprecedented centralisation of power. She presided over a period where India emerged with greater power than before to become the regional hegemon of South Asia with considerable political, economic, and military developments. Gandhi also presided over a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 during which she ruled by decree and made lasting changes to the constitution of India. She was assassinated in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star.
In 2001, Gandhi was voted the greatest Indian Prime Minister in a poll organised by India Today. She was also named "Woman of the Millennium" in a poll organised by the BBC in 1999
Her father, Jawaharlal Nehru, led India's political struggle for independence from British rule, and became the first Prime Minister of the Union (and later Republic) of India. She was an only child (a younger brother was born, but died young), and grew up with her mother, Kamala Nehru, at the Anand Bhavan; a large family estate in Allahabad.Indira had a lonely and unhappy childhood.] Her father was often away, directing political activities or being incarnated in prison, while her mother was frequently bed-ridden with illness, and later suffered an early death from tuberculosis. She had limited contact with her father, mostly through letters.
Indira was mostly taught at home by tutors, and intermittently attended school until matriculation in 1934. She went on to study at the Viswa Bharati University in Calcutta. A year later, however, she had to leave university to attend to her ailing mother in Europe. While there, it was decided that Indira would continue her education at the University of Oxford in Britain. After her mother passed away, she briefly attended the Badminton School before enrolling at Somerville College in 1937 to read history. Indira had to take the entrance examination twice; having failed at her first attempt, with a poor performance in latin. At Oxford, she did well in history, political science and economics, but her grades in latin—a compulsory subject remained poor.
Gandhi fasting in 1924, with the young Indira, who is dressed in a khadi garment, following Gandhi's advocacy that khadi be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles.
Indira Nehru c. early 1930s
Portrait of Feroze and Indira Gandhi.
During her time in Europe, Ms. Indira was plagued with ill-health and was constantly attended by doctors. She had to make repeated trips to Switzerland to recover, disrupting her studies. She was being treated by the famed Swiss doctor Auguste Rollier in 1940, when the Nazi armies rapidly conquered Europe. Indira tried to return to England through Portugal but was left stranded for nearly two months. She managed to enter England in early 1941, and from there returned to India without completing her studies at Oxford. The university later conferred on her an honorary degree. In 2010, Oxford further honored her by selecting her as one of the ten Oxasians, illustrious Asian graduates from the University of Oxford.
During her stay in the UK, young Indira frequently met her future husband Feroze Gandhi, whom she knew from Allahabad, and who was studying at the London School of Economics. The marriage took place in Allahabad according to Adi Dharm rituals though Feroze belonged to a Parsi family of Gujarat.
In the 1950s, Indira, now Mrs. Indira Gandhi after her marriage, served her father unofficially as a personal assistant during his tenure as the first Prime Minister of India. After her father's death in 1964 she was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting
When Indira became Prime Minister in 1966, the Congress was split in two factions, the socialists led by Gandhi, and the conservatives led by Morarji Desai. Rammanohar Lohia called her Gungi Gudiya, which means 'Mute Doll'.[citation needed] The internal problems showed in the 1967 election where the Congress lost nearly 60 seats winning 297 seats in the 545-seat Lok Sabha. She had to accommodate Desai as Deputy Prime Minister of India and Minister of Finance. In 1969, after many disagreements with Desai, the Indian National Congress split. She ruled with support from Socialist and Communist Parties for the next two years. In the same year, in July 1969 she nationalised banks.
In 1971, Gandhi intervened in the Pakistani Civil War in support of East Pakistan. India emerged victorious in the resulting conflict to become the regional hegemon of South Asia. During the war, the U.S. had supported Pakistan, while India received help from the Soviet Union. U.S. President Richard Nixon disliked Gandhi personally, referring to her as a "witch" and "clever fox" in his private communication with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Relations with the U.S. grew distant as Gandhi developed close ties with the Soviet Union after the war. The latter emerged to become India's largest trading partner and its biggest arms supplier for much of Gandhi's premiership.Nixon later wrote of the war: "[Gandhi] suckered [America]. Suckered us.....this woman suckered us."
India's new hegemonic position as articulated under the "Indira Doctrine" led to attempts to bring the Himalayan states under the Indian sphere of influence.Nepal and Bhutan remained aligned with India, while in 1975, after years of building up support, Gandhi annexed Sikkim to India. This was denounced as a "despicable act" by China.
India maintained close ties with neighbouring Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) following the Liberation War. Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman recognized Gandhi's contributions to the independence of Bangladesh. However, Mujibur Rahman's pro-India policies antagonised many in Bangladeshi politics and the military, who feared that Bangladesh had become a client state of India. The Assassination of Mujibur Rahman in 1975 led to the establishment of Islamist military regimes that sought to distance the country from India. Gandhi's relationship with the military regimes was strained, due to her alleged support of anti-Islamist leftist guerrilla forces in Bangladesh.[30] Generally, however, there was a rapprochement between Gandhi and the Bangladeshi regimes, although issues such as border disputes and the Farakka Dam remained an irritant in bilateral ties. In 2011, the Government of Bangladesh conferred its highest state award posthumously on Gandhi for her "outstanding contribution" to the country's independence.
Indira Gandhi with Jacqueline Kennedy in New Delhi, 1962
Gandhi's approach to dealing with Sri Lanka's ethnic problems was initially accommodating. She enjoyed cordial relations with Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. In 1974, India ceded the tiny islet of Kachchatheevu to Sri Lanka in order to save Bandaranaike's socialist government from a political disaster. However, relations soured over Sri Lanka's turn away from socialism under Junius Jayewardene, whom Gandhi despised as a "western puppet."India under Gandhi was alleged to have supported LTTE militants in the 1980s to put pressure on Jayewardene to abide by Indian interests.Nevertheless, Gandhi rejected demands to invade Sri Lanka in the aftermath of Black July 1983, an anti-Tamil pogrom carried out by Sinhalese mobs.Gandhi made a statement emphasizing that she stood for the territorial integrity of Sri Lanka, although she also stated that India cannot "remain a silent spectator to any injustice done to the Tamil community."
India's relationship with Pakistan remained strained following the Shimla Accord in 1972. Gandhi's authorization of the detonation of a nuclear device at Pokhran in 1974 was viewed by Pakistani leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as an attempt to intimidate Pakistan into accepting India's hegemony in the subcontinent. However, in May 1976, Gandhi and Bhutto both agreed to reopen diplomatic establishments and normalize relations. Following the rise to power of General Zia-ul-Haq in Pakistan in 1978, India's relations with its neighbour reached a nadir. Gandhi accused General Zia of supporting Khalistani militants in Punjab. Military hostilities recommenced in 1984 following Gandhi's authorization of Operation Meghdoot. India was victorious in the resulting Siachen conflict against Pakistan.
Gandhi remained a staunch supporter of Palestinians in the Arab-Israeli conflict and was critical of the Middle East diplomacy sponsored by the United States. Israel was viewed as a religious state and thus an analogue to India's arch rival Pakistan. Indian diplomats also hoped to win Arab support in countering Pakistan in Kashmir. Nevertheless, Gandhi authorized the development of a secret channel of contact and security assistance with Israel in the late 1960s. Her lieutenant, Narasimha Rao, later became Prime Minister and approved full diplomatic ties with Israel in 1992.
India's pro-Arab policy had mixed success. Establishment of close ties with the socialist and secular Baathist regimes to some extent neutralized Pakistani propaganda against India. However, the Indo-Pakistani war in 1971 put the Arab and Muslim states of the Middle East in a dilemma as the war was fought by two states both friendly to the Arabs. The progressive Arab regimes in Egypt, Syria, and Algeria chose to remain neutral, while the conservative pro-American Arab monarchies in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and United Arab Emirates openly supported Pakistan. Egypt's stance was met with dismay by the Indians, who had come to expect close co-operation with the Baathist regimes. But, the death of Nasser in 1970 and Sadat's growing friendship with Riyadh, and his mounting differences with Moscow, constrained Egypt to a policy of neutrality. Gandhi's overtures to Muammar Gaddafi were rebuffed. Libya agreed with the Arab monarchies in believing that Gandhi's intervention in East Pakistan was an attack against Islam.
The 1971 war temporarily became a stumbling block in growing Indo-Iranian ties.] Although Iran had earlier characterized the Indo-Pakistani war in 1965 as Indian aggression, the Shah had launched an effort at rapprochement with India in 1969 as part of his effort to secure support for a larger Iranian role in the Persian Gulf. Gandhi's tilt towards Moscow and her dismemberment of Pakistan was perceived by the Shah as part of a larger anti-Iran conspiracy involving India, Iraq, and the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Iran had resisted Pakistani pressure to activate the Baghdad Pact and draw in the Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) into the conflict. Gradually, Indian and Iranian disillusionment with their respective regional allies led to a renewed partnership between the nations. Gandhi was unhappy with the lack of support from India's Arab allies during the war with Pakistan, while the Shah was apprehensive at the growing friendship between Pakistan and the Gulf states, specially Saudi Arabia, and the growing influence of Islam in Pakistani society. There was an increase in Indian economic and military co-operation with Iran during the 1970s. The 1974 India-Iranian agreement led to Iran supplying nearly 75 percent of India's crude oil demands. Gandhi appreciated the Shah's disregard of Pan-Islamism in diplomacy.
Although independent India was initially viewed as a champion of anti-colonialism, its cordial relationship with the Commonwealth of Nations and liberal views of British colonial policies in East Africa had harmed its image as a staunch supporter of the anti-colonial movements. Indian condemnation of militant struggles in Kenya and Algeria was in sharp contrast to China, who had supported armed struggle to win African independence. After reaching a high diplomatic point in the aftermath of Nehru's role in the Suez Crisis, India's isolation from Africa was complete when only four nations; Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and Libya supported her during the Sino-Indian War in 1962. After Gandhi became Prime Minister, diplomatic and economic relations with the states which had sided with India during the Sino-Indian War were expanded. Gandhi began negotiations with the Kenyan government to establish the Africa-India Development Cooperation. The Indian government also started considering the possibility of bringing Indians settled in Africa within the framework of its policy goals to help recover its declining geo-strategic influence. Gandhi declared the people of Indian origin settled in Africa as "Ambassors of India."] Efforts to rope in the Asian community to join Indian diplomacy, however, came to naught, partly because of the unwilligness of Indians to remain in politically insecure surroundings and partly due to the exodus of African Indians to Britain with the passing of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act in 1968.] In Uganda, the African Indian community even suffered presecution and eventually expulsion under the government of Idi Amin.
Foreign and domestic policy successes in the 1970s enabled Gandhi to rebuild India's image in the eyes of African states. Victory over Pakistan and India's possession of nuclear weapons showed the degree of India's progress. Furthermore, the conclusion of the Indo-Soviet treaty in 1971 and threatening gestures by the major western power, the United States, to send its nuclear armed Task Force 74 into the Bay of Bengal at the height of the East Pakistan crisis had enabled India to regain its anti-imperialist image.[ Gandhi firmly tied Indian anti-imperialist interests in Africa to those of the Soviet Union. Unlike Nehru, she openly and enthusiastically supported liberation struggles in Africa. At the same time, Chinese influence in Africa had declined owing to its incessant quarrels with the Soviet Union. These developments permanently halted India's decline in Africa and helped reestablish its geo-strategic presence
Gandhi presided over three Five-Year plans as Prime Minister. All but one of them succeeding in meeting the targeted growth.
There is considerable debate regarding whether Gandhi was a socialist on principle or out of political expediency.S. K. Datta-Ray described her as "a master of rhetoric...often more posture than policy", while the The Times journalist, Peter Hazelhurst, famously quipped that Gandhi's socialism was "slightly left of self-interest." Critics have focused on the contradictions in the evolution of her stance towards communism; Gandhi being known for her anti-communist stance in the 1950s with Meghnad Desai even describing her as "the scourge of [India's] Communist Party." Yet, she later forged close relations with Indian communists even while using the army to break the Naxalites. In this context, Gandhi was accused of formulating populist policies to suit her political needs; being seemingly against the rich and big business while preserving the status quo in order to manipulate the support of the left at times of political insecurity, such as the late 1960s. Although Gandhi came to be viewed in time as the scourge of the right-wing and reactionary political elements of India, leftist opposition to her policies emerged. As early as 1969, critics had began accusing her of insincerity and machiavellism. The Indian Libertarian wrote that: "it would be difficult to find a more machiavellian leftist than Mrs Indira Gandhi...for here is Machiavelli at its best in the person of a suave, charming and astute politician." Rosser wrote that "some have even seen the declaration of emergency rule in 1975 as a move to suppress [leftist] dissent against Gandhi's policy shift to the right." In the 1980s, Gandhi was accused of "betraying socialism" after the beginning of Operation Forward, an attempt at economic reform.[56] Nevertheless, others were more convinced of Gandhi's sincerity and devotion to socialism. Pankaj Vohra noted that "even the late prime minister's critics would concede that the maximum number of legislations of social significance was brought about during her tenure...[and that] she lives in the hearts of millions of Indians who shared her concern for the poor and weaker sections and who supported her politics."
In summarizing the biographical works on Gandhi, Blema S. Steinberg concluded she was decidedly non-ideological. Only 7.4% (24) of the total 330 biographical extractions posit ideology as a reason for her policy choices. Steinberg noted Gandhi's association with socialism was superficial; only having a general and traditional commitment to the ideology, by way of her political and family ties. Gandhi personally had a fuzzy concept of socialism. In one of the early interviews she had given as Prime Minister, Gandhi had ruminated: "I suppose you could call me a socialist, but you have understand what we mean by that term...we used the word [socialism] because it came closest to what we wanted to do here – which is to eradicate poverty. You can call it socialism; but if by using that word we arouse controversy, I don't see why we should use it. I don't believe in words at all." Regardless of the debate over her ideology or lack of thereof, Gandhi remains a left-wing icon. She has been described as the "arguably the greatest mass leader of the last century." Her campaign slogan, Garibi Hatao (Eng: Remove Poverty), has become the iconic motto of the Indian National Congress. To the rural and urban poor, untouchables, minorities and women in India, Gandhi was "Indira Amma or Mother Indira."
Gandhi inherited a weak and troubled economy. Fiscal problems associated with the war with Pakistan in 1965, along with a drought-induced food crisis that spawned famines, had plunged India into the sharpest recession since independence. The government responded by taking steps to liberalize the economy, and by agreeing to the devaluation of the currency in return for the restoration of foreign aid. The economy managed to recover in 1966 and ended up growing at 4.1% over 1966–1969. But, much of that growth was offset by the fact that the external aid promised by the United States government and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), meant to ease the short-run costs of adjustment to a liberalized economy, never materialized. American policy makers had complained of continued restrictions imposed on the economy.At the same time, Indo-US relations were straining due to Gandhi's criticism of the American bombing campaign in Vietnam, and because of President Johnson's policy of withholding food grain shipments to coerce Indian support for the war.In light of the circumstances, liberalization became politically suspect and was soon abandoned.[60] Grain diplomacy and currency devaluation became matters of intense national pride in India. After the bitter experience with Johnson, Gandhi decided not to request food aid in the future. Moreover, Gandhi's government resolved never again to become "so vulnerably dependent" on aid, and painstakingly began building up substantial foreign exchange reserves. When food stocks slumped after poor harvests in 1972, the government made it a point to use foreign exchange to buy US wheat commercially rather than seek resumption of food aid
Despite the provisions, control and regulations of Reserve Bank of India, most banks in India had continued to be owned and operated by private persons. Businessmen who owned the banks were often accused of channeling the deposits into their own companies, and ignoring the priority sector. Furthermore, there was a great resentment against class banking in India, which had left the poor (the majority population) unbanked.After becoming Prime Minister, Gandhi expressed the intention of nationalising the banks in a paper titled, "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation" in order to alleviate poverty. The paper received the overwhelming support of the public. In 1969, Gandhi moved to nationalise fourteen major commercial banks. After the nationalisation of banks, the branches of the public sector banks in India rose to approximate 800 percent in deposits, and advances took a huge jump by 11,000 percent. Nationalisation also resulted in a significant growth in the geographical coverage of banks; the number of bank branches rose from 8,200 to over 62,000, most of which were opened in the unbanked, rural areas. The nationalization drive not only helped to increase household savings, but it also provided considerable investments in the informal sector, in small and medium-sized enterprises, and in agriculture, and contributed significantly to regional development and to the expansion of India's industrial and agricultural base. Jayaprakash Narayan, who became famous for leading the opposition to Gandhi in the 1970s, was solid in his praise for her bank nationalisations.
Having been re-elected in 1971 on a nationalisation platform, Gandhi proceeded to nationalise the coal, steel, copper, refining, cotton textiles, and insurance industries.Most of these nationalisations were made to protect employment and the interest of the organised labour. The remaining private sector industries were placed under strict regulatory control.
During the 1971 war against Pakistan, foreign owned private oil companies had refused to supply fuel to the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. In response, Gandhi nationalised oil companies in 1973. After nationalisation the oil majors such as the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL) and the Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL) had to keep a minimum stock level of oil, to be supplied to the military when needed
In the late 1960s and 1970s, Gandhi had the Indian army crush militant Communist uprisings in the Indian state of West Bengal. The communist insurgency in India was completely suppressed during the state of emergency.
Gandhi considered the north-eastern regions important, because of its strategic situation. In 1966, the Mizo uprising took place against the government of India and overran almost the whole of the Mizoram region. Gandhi ordered the Indian army to launch massive retaliatory strikes in response. The rebellion was suppressed with the Indian Air Force even carrying out airstrikes in Aizawl; this remains the only instance of India carrying out an airstrike in its own civilian territory. The defeat of Pakistan in 1971 and the secession of East Pakistan as pro-India Bangladesh led to the collapse of the Mizo separatist movement. In 1972, after the less extremist Mizo leaders came to the negotiating table, Gandhi upgraded Mizoram to the status of a union territory. A small scale insurgency by some militants continued into the late 1970s but was successfully dealt with by the government. The Mizo conflict was definitively resolved during the administration of Indira's son Rajiv Gandhi. Today, Mizoram is considered as one of the most peaceful states in the north-east.
Responding to the insurgency in Nagaland, Gandhi "unleashed a powerful military offensive" in the 1970s. Finally, a massive crackdown on the insurgents took place during the state of emergency ordered by Gandhi. The insurgents soon agreed to surrender and signed the Shillong Accord in 1975. While the agreement was considered a victory for the Indian government and ended large scale conflicts, there has since been spurts of violence by rebel holdouts and ethnic conflict amongst the tribes
andhi contributed and further carried out the vision of Jawarharalal Nehru, former Premier of India to develop the program. Gandhi authorised the development of nuclear weapons in 1967, in response to the Test No. 6 by People's Republic of China. Gandhi saw this test as Chinese nuclear intimidation, therefore, Gandhi promoted the views of Nehru to establish India's stability and security interests as independent from those of the nuclear superpowers.
The program became fully mature in 1974, when Dr. Raja Ramanna reported to Gandhi that India had the ability to test its first nuclear weapon. Gandhi gave verbal authorisation of this test, and preparations were made in a long-constructed army base, the Indian Army Pokhran Test Range. In 1974, India successfully conducted an underground nuclear test, unofficially code named as "Smiling Buddha", near the desert village of Pokhran in Rajasthan. As the world was quiet by this test, a vehement protest came forward from Pakistan. Great ire was raised in Pakistan, Pakistan's Prime minister Zulfi Ali Bhutto described this test as "Indian hegemony" to intimidate Pakistan. Gandhi directed a letter to Bhutto and, later to the world, describing the test for peaceful purposes and India's commitment to develop its programme for industrial and scientific use.
The government faced major problems after her tremendous mandate of 1971. The internal structure of the Congress Party had withered following its numerous splits, leaving it entirely dependent on her leadership for its election fortunes. Garibi Hatao (Eradicate Poverty) was the theme for Gandhi's 1971 bid. The slogan and the proposed anti-poverty programs that came with it were designed to give Gandhi an independent national support, based on rural and urban poor. This would allow her to bypass the dominant rural castes both in and of state and local government; likewise the urban commercial class. And, for their part, the previously voiceless poor would at last gain both political worth and political weight.
The programs created through Garibi Hatao, though carried out locally, were funded, developed, supervised, and staffed by New Delhi and the Indian National Congress party. "These programs also provided the central political leadership with new and vast patronage resources to be disbursed... throughout the country
The Congress Party split during the election campaign of 1977: veteran Gandhi supporters like Jagjivan Ram and her most loyal Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna and Nandini Satpathy, the three were compelled to part ways and form a new political entity CFD (Congress for Democracy) primarily due to intra party politicking and also due to circumstances created by Sanjay Gandhi. The prevailing rumour was that Sanjay had intentions of dislodging Gandhi and the trio stood between that.
A coalition of opposition, under the leadership of Morarji Desai, came into power after the State of Emergency was lifted. The coalition parties later merged to form the Janata Party under the guidance of Gandhian leader, Jayaprakash Narayan. The other leaders of the Janata Party Charan Singh, Raj Narain, George Fernandes and Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The Janata government's Home Minister, Choudhary Charan Singh, ordered the arrest of Indira and Sanjay Gandhi on several charges, none of which would be easy to prove in an Indian court. The arrest meant that Indira Gandhi was automatically expelled from Parliament. These allegations included that she "'had planned or thought of killing all opposition leaders in jail during the Emergency'".[102] However, this strategy backfired disastrously. Her arrest and long-running trial, however, gained her great sympathy from many people. The Janata coalition was only united by its hatred of Gandhi (or "that woman" as some called her). With so little in common, the Morarji Desai government was bogged down by infighting. Desai resigned in June 1979 after Charan Singh and Raj Narain formed their own breakaway party. Charan Singh was appointed Prime Minister, by President Reddy, after Gandhi promised Singh that Congress would support his government from outside.
After a short interval, Congress withdrew support and President Reddy dissolved Parliament in the winter of 1979. In elections held the following January, Congress was returned to power with a landslide majority.
In 1979, when she visited Madurai, some hooligans attacked her. Nedumaran saved her from the attacks
The day before her death Indira Gandhi visited Orissa on 30 October 1984 where she gave her last speech:
"I am alive today, I may not be there tomorrow. I shall continue to serve till my last breath and when I die every drop of my blood will strengthen India and keep a united India alive."
Indira Gandhi's last speech at Bhubaneswar
Indira Gandhi delivered her last speech at the then Parade Ground in front of the Secretariat of Orissa. After her death, the Parade Ground was converted to the Indira Gandhi Park which was inaugurated by her son, Rajiv Gandhi.
On 31 October 1984, two of Gandhi's bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, shot her with their service weapons in the garden of the Prime Minister's residence at 1 Safdarjung Road, New Delhi. The shooting occurred as she was walking past a wicket gate guarded by Satwant and Beant. She was to have been interviewed by the British actor Peter Ustinov, who was filming a documentary for Irish television. Beant Singh shot her three times using his side-arm, and Satwant Singh fired 30 rounds.[citation needed] Beant Singh and Satwant Singh dropped their weapons and surrendered. Afterwards they were taken away by other guards into a closed room where Beant Singh was shot dead. Kehar Singh was later arrested for conspiracy in the attack. Both Satwant and Kehar were sentenced to death and hanged in Delhi's Tihar jail.
Indira Gandhi was brought at 9:30 AM to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, where doctors operated on her. She was declared dead at 2:20 PM. The post-mortem examination was conducted by a team of doctors headed by Dr. T.D Dogra. Dr. Dogra stated that as many as 30 bullet wounds were sustained by Indira Gandhi, from two sources, a Sten gun and a pistol. The assailants had fired 31 bullets at her, of which 30 had hit; 23 had passed through her body while 7 were trapped inside her. Dr. Dogra extracted bullets to establish the identity of the weapons and to correlate each weapon with the bullets recovered by ballistic examination. The bullets were matched with respective weapons at CFSL Delhi. Subsequently Dr. Dogra appeared in the court of Shri Mahesh Chandra as an expert witness (PW-5), and his testimony lasted several sessions. The cross examination was conducted by Shri P N Lekhi, the defence counsel.
Gandhi was cremated on 3 November near Raj Ghat. The site where she was cremated is today known as Shakti Sthala.
Shakti Sthala, the place where Indira Gandhi was cremated at New Delhi
Her funeral was televised live on domestic and international stations, including the BBC. Following her cremation, millions of Sikhs were displaced and nearly three thousand were killed in anti-Sikh riots. Rajiv Gandhi on a live TV show said of the carnage, "When a big tree falls, the earth shakes."
She was married to Feroze Gandhi. Firstly, her younger son Sanjay had been her chosen heir; but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, his mother persuaded a reluctant elder son Rajiv Gandhi to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981. Over a decade later, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated.
Gandhi's yoga guru, Dhirendra Brahmachari, helped her in making certain decisions and also executed certain top level political tasks on her behalf, especially from 1975 to 1977 when Gandhi "dissolved Parliament, declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties
ndira Gandhi was a famous politician, but she is likely to be a controversial choice for the greatest woman of the past 1,000 years.
The only child of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi was herself elected prime minister in 1966. She served four terms, three of which were consecutive.
She studied at Visva-Bharati University in India, and Oxford University. In 1938, she joined the National Congress party and became active in India's independence movement.
As prime minster in 1971, Indira Gandhi led India in a war against neighbouring Pakistan which resulted in the creations of Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan.
Her role in the war was only one of her controversial actions.
She is remembered most for her campaign against Sikh separatists.
When Sikh extremists used violence to demand an independent state in Punjab, she ordered an army attack on their refuge, the holiest Sikh shrine, the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
The June 1984 attack killed an estimated 450 people, and left a legacy of bitterness.
Five months later, Indira Gandhi was shot dead by her Sikh bodyguards in revenge.
That incident was followed by attacks on Sikh communities in Delhi and elsewhere in India, in which several thousand people are believed to have died.
BBC News Online readers from across the world took part in the millennium poll and those who voted for Indira Gandhi praised her leadership skills and strength.
Khalid Ahmed said: "She was a true feminist to the core, a woman of substance who helped the country through a testing phase, possessed all the virtues of a woman and fought valiantly for women's rights in a man's world."
And according to Geetha Sankaran, she was "a dynamic leader and worked for the uplifting of India and its women."


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Make this bright, creamy charred-corn salad without firing up the grill.
Test cook Elle Simone makes Julia carne adovada, and equipment expert Adam Ried reveals his top pick for 9-inch tongs. Then, test cook Erin McMurrer makes Bridget esquites.
We typically reach for 12-inch tongs to protect our hands from heat and messes, but we decided it was time to shine the spotlight on their shorter sibling.
Restraint is the key to the purest, most robust chile flavor in this classic New Mexican pork braise. It's also what makes it dead simple to prepare.
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Series: My first book about
By Felicity Brooks
Currently unavailable on this website
Library edition hardback
Currently unavailable on this website
WARNING! Not suitable for children under 36 months because of small parts. Choking hazard.
What makes it rain? Where do penguins live? How many oceans are there? Young children can find the answers in this charming book and have fun adding stickers to the pages and doing puzzles too. Topics include weather, the seasons, rainforests, deserts, icy places and a world map, and there are internet links to websites with video clips and games.
Also available as a hardback library edition with no stickers and with a contents page and index.
Felicity Brooks is an Editorial Director and writer at Usborne Publishing. She studied English and Drama at Exeter University and worked as an actor, teacher and lexicographer before starting work in children's publishing in the late 1980s. She has written and edited hundreds of children's titles, including stories and novelty books for pre-schoolers and books about history, geography, languages, science, maths, nature and the arts. Her books have won the TES Senior Information Book Award, the Aventis Science Books Prize, the SLA Information Book Award, the Sheffield Baby Books Award and Practical Pre-school Gold and Silver Awards.
For links to specially selected websites with video clips and activities or a pronunciation guide for this book, visit the Usborne Quicklinks website.


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Doing an Essay: composing methods for ADHD and GAD affected individuals
After the thesis, you ought to provide a mini-outline which previews the examples
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As any seasoned pheasant hunter knows, selecting the right hunting boot shouldn't be taken lightly. Next to your firearm and your dog, there may be no decision that is more important or consequential.
According to the footwear experts at Irish Setter, the official upland hunting boot sponsor of Pheasants Forever, there are six factors that pheasant hunters should consider when selecting hunting boots. And they should know - pheasant hunters have walked millions of miles in Irish Setter boots since they were introduced in 1950.
"When you find the right hunting boot – the boot that fits you perfectly – you develop a special bond," says Charley Bryant, Irish Setter footwear merchant. "You come to trust your boots like you trust your hunting dog or your favorite shotgun. That's why it's so important to select the right boots." Factors to consider when selecting pheasant hunting boots include:
- Seasonality
- Fit and comfort
- Stability
- Moisture management
- Temperature management
- Boot materials
When you shop for pheasant hunting boots, consider the season at the location where you'll be hunting. It's possible that you'll need more than one pair of pheasant hunting boots – a lighter, uninsulated pair of boots for early season when it's warm, and a heavier insulated boot for colder weather. So, when selecting a boot for pheasant hunting, make sure to think about the environment in which you'll be using them throughout the season.
Some boots offer comfort right out of the box. Other boots, such as those made with high quality leather, require a short break-in period to feel really comfortable.
Regardless, what matters is choosing a boot that allows you to go all day, anywhere you want. Look for a boot that helps you maintain your energy as you walk mile after mile, and a boot that reduces your chances of experiencing foot discomfort or blisters.
You'll want to consider that as you walk throughout the day, your feet can actually swell - sometimes up to a full size larger. That's because as you're walking, your feet flatten and lengthen. So, for example, if you normally wear a size 9 in a casual shoe, you may want to consider a 9-1/2 in a hunting boot.
When you shop for boots at a local retailer, try them on in the late afternoon, when your feet will be at their largest. Look for a snug fit around the ankle, heel (no slipping) and instep. You should also be able to wiggle your toes.
The other part of the equation is socks. When trying on boots, wear socks that you would actually wear on a hunt. Avoid wearing cotton athletic socks with your hunting boots. Cotton does not wick sweat away; it actually retains it. You'll want to wear moisture-wicking socks of the appropriate length for the boot height that you're considering.
As experienced pheasant hunters know, pheasant hunting isn't about just walking down neatly planted cornrows. There are plowed furrows, unexpected rocks, ruts and burrows. Throw in wet grass and weeds, briars and thistles, creeks and streams, sand and mud, gravel and dust, and you'll need a boot that's ready for just about anything. So consider boots tall enough to support your ankle if you unexpectedly step into a rut or hole. For example, Irish Setter Wingshooter boots come in heights of 7 inches and 9 inches.
And don't overlook the soles, which provide traction, shock absorption, lateral stability and under-the-foot comfort. Balance your need for flexibility on uneven terrain, with durability for sure footing over time. Tread and shape are critical when selecting a boot. A shallow tread limits mud and debris accumulation. A deeper, more aggressive tread pattern may be needed for more rugged terrain.
Nothing ruins a hunt faster than wet feet. Whether it's walking through dewy fields, crossing a creek or traversing a field of freshly fallen snow, maintaining dry feet is the litmus test for pheasant hunting boots. Irish Setter utilizes Ultradry™ waterproofing technology, a moisture management lining that complements the other waterproof components of its boots to keep feet dry.
Another major consideration in your footwear selection is insulation. Choose your insulation level based on the temperature range in which you'll be hunting, as well as your personal references. We all have our own inner thermostat – some hunters experience very warm feet while walking, while others get cold feet at the slightest drop of the thermometer.
If you're planning an early season hunt in South Dakota, it's more than likely going to be warm, so you'll probably want a non-insulated boot.
On the other hand, if you're planning a late season hunt in North Dakota, you'll want boots that keep your toes warm and toasty as you push through snow shelterbelts and cattails.
Insulation is measured in grams. Insulated boots typically are built with a layer of insulating material. Insulation ranges from 200 grams to 2,000 grams. For late fall pheasant hunting, Irish Setter offers Wingshooter boots with 400 grams of insulation.
Finally, take a close look at the quality of the materials used to make your boots. You're not just buying a pair for your next hunting trip; you're buying boots for years of use, depending upon how often you hunt. It is not uncommon for Wingshooter boots by Irish Setter to last for years and years of pheasant hunting as they're built with premium materials.
The boot upper is the part that's above the sole. It supports your ankle and protects your foot and ankle against abrasions from sticks, thistles, rocks, and barbed wire.
Upper materials are usually made of all leather or leather combined with nylon fabric. Leather provides support and protection and will be sturdier than most fabrics in rocky conditions. Leather quality can vary quite a bit. The top of the line is a full grain waterproof or water-resistant leather. Lower priced boots often incorporate less durable materials or split leathers. Fabric panels, which frequently incorporate popular camouflage patterns to complement hunting clothes, can help make a boot more lightweight, flexible and affordable.
Hunting boots play a critical role in the enjoyment and success of your pheasant hunting experience. Take time to find the right hunting boot so you won't need to think about your boots during your hunt – a boot that offers go-all-day comfort and go-anywhere performance.
To learn more about pheasant hunting boots by Irish Setter, visit irishsetterboots.com or stop by your nearest Irish Setter retailer.


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The Toronto Declaration: Protecting the rights to equality and non-discrimination in machine learning systems was launched on May 16, 2018 by Human Rights Watch and a coalition of rights and technology groups which joined in a landmark statement on human rights standards for machine learning.
Known as the Toronto Declaration, the statement calls on governments and companies to ensure that machine learning applications respect the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The document articulates the human rights norms that the public and private sector should meet to ensure that algorithms used in a wide array of fields – from policing and criminal justice to employment and education – are applied equally and fairly, and that those who believe their rights have been violated have a meaningful avenue to redress.


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At a pre-scheduled time, your Decorating Consultant will visit your home to discuss style options, show you the range of possible fabrics and materials, and help you decide on the perfect choice of window treatments to style your home.
Placing your order with our Decorating Consultant is simple and hassle-free. Leaving no detail unturned, your order details are then verified by a certified technician before being sent for manufacturing.
Once your custom windows treatments have been manufactured, installation will take place on a designated date that is convenient to you. Our certified technician will install your custom window treatments, including any necessary hardware, while maintaining a safe and clean work site in your home. Once you are completely satisfied with your newly-installed custom blinds, shades, drapes and/or shutters, our certified technician will then teach you how to operate the window treatments (if needed) before leaving your newly restyled home.
10 Frank Nighbor Place Kanata, ON K2T 1C4
Store: 613-271-7577 Tool Rental: 613-271-8895 Pro Desk: 613-271-7412
3779 Strandherd Drive Barrhaven, ON K2J 5M4
Store: 613-843-7900 Tool Rental: 613-843-7906 Pro Desk: 613-843-7903
1900 Baseline Road Ottawa, ON K2C 0C6
Store: 613-723-5900 Tool Rental: 613-723-1548 Pro Desk: 613-723-7296
2056 Bank Street Ottawa, ON K1V 7Z8
Store: 613-739-5300 Tool Rental: 613-739-5306 Pro Desk: 613-739-5303


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First Demo
by Chad Jewett
Fugazi were punk's greatest editors. And if that sounds like a dry, formalist way of talking about the post-hardcore supergroup's aesthetic, perhaps consider how peerless their discography really is, and how much of that greatness is due to how thoughtfully Fugazi handled each note and nuance. Not only are there not enough sub-par Fugazi songs to fill a 7" (Red Medicine and In On The Kill Taker are particularly flawless and laser-cut), the D.C. quartet was unequaled in their fashionable sense of proportion, space, tension, and release. The best Fugazi songs manage an exactitude and attention to detail that is most of all amazing for the fact that that formal precision doesn't come at the expense of energy, kinetics, surprise, or even hooks. Their music pays off, even as it pushes hard against the conventions of songcraft. Songs like "Turnover" and "Furniture" and "Do You Like Me" are equal parts explosive and studiously measured, and, at their best, are so explosive because they're so studiously measured – they flare up like the big-bang endings of Hitchcock movies, and they breed tension in similar ways.
First Demo, an eleven-song collection of early tracks that would later surface on Margin Walker, Repeater, the Furniture 7", and the band's debut self-titled EP, underlines just how much calculus was required for the sharp, nimble alacrity one associates with Fugazi. It also highlights just how clear a sense of self the quartet always had. Moreover, the subtle but tangible differences that do surface between these initial takes and the canonical versions collected on 13 Songs, for instance, serve to illuminate the band's imagination, and just how wide a field of possibility Fugazi was willing to entertain. Indeed, First Demo manages to have its cake and eat it too by assembling either sharper, hungrier versions of familiar classics or offering surprising fun in the form of small but compelling improvisations, changes, and whimsical (yes whimsical) ad-libs.
Take "Waiting Room" – arguably Fugazi's signature composition – whose demo form not only features a more prickly, tense aura (Joe Lally's bass, so often the leading role in Fugazi songs, feels especially barbed here), but which also comes up with a bit of dub-like strangeness as a flubbed Ian MacKaye vocal is spiraled into a woozy echo, then punctuated with a sheepish "Whoops!". It's a moment that humanizes a band become monolithic (there are a handful of funny moments, including one take being introduced as "Mustang Sally, Take One", delivered with an audible shit-eating-grin), but it also serves to emphasize how economical Fugazi could be: even a miscue could be turned into a compelling aesthetic choice, a left-field idea that just happens to work, and work well. Elsewhere, "Furniture" (which wouldn't be officially released for another twelve years) is more spacious and free-form than the drum-tight version that would show up on the garage-punk sprint Furniture EP. The strict, sinewy guitar of the official version is replaced by loose-limbed bass, emphasizing the song's considerable groove; the EP version is precise and brief where this version roams for an additional thirty seconds. On First Demo, "Furniture" comes complete with the kind of icy echoes that normally emanate from whatever cave on Hoth Joy Division recorded in, a more atmospheric substitute for the vacuum-sealed tightness of the 2001 recording.
If these differences seem academic, consider that there is also a very real sense of urgency and vitality to First Demo that is anything but. The release gives you the rare opportunity to hear a group of young, cerebral artists swept away in their own ideas, aggressively free of the strictures of punk and hardcore, and endlessly thoughtful about what could happen next. Consider the rickety barrelhouse piano that chatters beneath "Merchandise" or the noise paintings that cut through "Joe #1" and "Badmouth", all the ways that Fugazi were playing with what must have felt like galaxies of wide open space following the furious density of Rites of Spring, Embrace, and Minor Threat. Somehow, First Demo manages to stand on its own as a fascinating glimpse at an endlessly curious, forever hungry group of musicians, even while it illuminates the cemented versions it shadows; it is the rare dug-up curio that is undeniably worth the time.
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Well it's no shock to our regular readers that I'm in love with Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk.
After spending many happy childhood holidays there, on the Caravan Park next to the pine forests and beach (as previously chronicled).
I thought it was worth posting a link to the Wells' Harbour website (click here), which amongst the webcams and local information, also carries some very good posts regarding progress at the Sheringham Shoal offshore wind farm development.
Situated off the coast of Sheringham, and clearly visible from that town and it's beaches, the support craft for the servicing and construction of, moor at Wells'.
More recently, John Craven was there recording an interview / piece on the Wind farm for the BBC's Countryfile – the episode to be aired this Sunday (16th October 2011).
The excitement of Mr Craven's visit is well documented with pictures on the Wells' harbour website here.
photo credit: elliott brown


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Sunday, October 28, 2012
My letter to the NY Times re: Why Devaluation Is NOT the Answer to the Euro-Debt Crisis
Re: Euro Survives, But Future Is in Doubt, by Floyd Norris
Dear Sirs:
Mr. Norris makes many good points about the euro-debt crisis; however, like many other pundits he assumes that currency devaluation is a "normal prescription for countries in financial distress...exports surge and imports plunge.". As I explained in more detail in my essay titled "Value in Devaluation?", the benefits to exporters from devaluation are paid entirely by the citizens of the country using the now-devalued currency. Exports increase, but only because foreign importers get a subsidized bargain. The rest of society finds that necessary imports are more expensive, which, pari passu, means that the cost of living increases. Therefore, currency devaluation is an unjust transfer of wealth, engineered by the state. The Irish example of painful labor reform, which Mr. Norris reports as successful but too costly, is the only real, long term solution.
Patrick Barron
Posted by email@example.com at 10:23 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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My tweets
- Tue, 13:57: RT @F5Careers: We are driven by a relentless pursuit of amazing. Learn more about current openings at @F5Networks and apply here: https://t…
- Wed, 01:37: Very much NOT a fan of the headlights on the @Rivian pickup and SUV, but otherwise I like what I've seen so far. C… https://t.co/d8xQHyPmmV
- Wed, 03:18: I liked a @YouTube video https://t.co/Fmhk1aUXQ6 Tesla Taxi Brothers


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Chapter 34 -35 Dinah goes to town to meet some local women, is noticed by Shechem and they get to "know" each other. Jacob and Dinah's brothers don't like that she had sex with an uncut man and the scam fam strikes again.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


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It's about this time of year when creative gift-giving ideas fly out the window and the "just get something...anything" mentality enters. Don't abandon your creativity quite yet. Consider Red Stick Spice your tour guide. Embark on an exploration of completely delicious, totally giftable and impeccably creative gifts. From the Netflix-watching, popcorn munching snack master in your life to the "this needs more heat, pass the hot sauce" heat maestro, we've got you covered.
Let's start the tour...
Hot enough for you? This is as hot as it gets. Like, literally. First there was Ghost, then Scorpion and now the Louisiana Creeper--the hottest on earth. And they're all here. You've been warned.
What's poppin? This gift guide, that's what. Farmed in Mississippi, Crop to Pop popcorn is completely delicious on its own and exceptional with one of our popcorn blends. Snack on.
Pay attention. If you blink, you'll miss it. Sprinkle one of our bread dipping blends. Drizzle in Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Add warm crusty bread. You just created a crowd-pleasing, somebody-is-probably-double-dipping appetizer that also doubles as a most excellent hostess gift. You'll be the life of the party.
Smoky. Sweet. A little heat. It's all here. Treat the grillmaster in your life to a collection of pit-ready blends, oils and sauces. Consider these your ticket to a summertime BBQ invitation.
Pinkys up! It's tea time. This collection is perfect for the persnickety enthusiast or the casual teatime sipper. Sweeten the pot with local honey and our infused sugars. Spot of tea, anyone?
Forget the Great British Baking Show, from extracts to our perfectly-blended baking spices, we take full credit for the explosion of baking during the holiday season. (And hey, if anyone wants to drop off a batch or two, we are cool with that.)


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Coulter clash at UC Berkeley costly for university
The cost to keep the peace following conservative pundit Ann Coulter's canceled trip to UC Berkeley last week was not cheap, officials said Tuesday.
Bay Area law enforcement agencies called in to prevent violence from erupting on campus after Coulter's appearance there was scuttled on Thursday cost a total of a half-million dollars in overtime, said Alameda County Sheriff Gregory Ahern.
Supporters and counterprotesters showed up at Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park a few blocks from campus. While the two sides shouted at each other, the day did not devolve into the riot-like violence that characterized earlier political clashes in Berkeley, like the visit from right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos in early February that ended with an estimated hundreds of thousands of dollars in property damage.
While the most recent demonstrations turned out to be relatively peaceful, law enforcement officers summoned from around the Bay Area prepared for the worst.
Ahern estimated his agency alone spent about $80,000 in overtime and he expects to be reimbursed by the University of California.
The Oakland Police Department, San Leandro Police Department, California Highway Patrol and six other UC campuses sent officers to Berkeley on Thursday after Coulter's speech on campus was canceled.
Sgt. Sabrina Reich, a spokeswoman for the UC Berkeley Police Department, said the department is working with a number of law enforcement agencies to reimburse the costs they incurred.
An official estimate of the total cost to be reimbursements is not yet available, Reich said.
Filipa Ioannou is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: email@example.com Twitter: @obioannoukenobi


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Financial Analyst - Client Incentives
- Foster City, CA, USA
- Full-time
Company Description
As the world's leader in digital payments technology, Visa's mission is to connect the world through the most creative, reliable and secure payment network - enabling individuals, businesses, and economies to thrive. Our advanced global processing network, VisaNet, provides secure and reliable payments around the world, and is capable of handling more than 65,000 transaction messages a second. The company's dedication to innovation drives the rapid growth of connected commerce on any device, and fuels the dream of a cashless future for everyone, everywhere. As the world moves from analog to digital, Visa is applying our brand, products, people, network and scale to reshape the future of commerce.
At Visa, your individuality fits right in. Working here gives you an opportunity to impact the world, invest in your career growth, and be part of an inclusive and diverse workplace. We are a global team of disruptors, trailblazers, innovators and risk-takers who are helping drive economic growth in even the most remote parts of the world, creatively moving the industry forward, and doing meaningful work that brings financial literacy and digital commerce to millions of unbanked and underserved consumers.
You're an Individual. We're the team for you. Together, let's transform the way the world pays.
Job Description
- Analyze newly executed incentive contract terms to assess Visa's contractual obligations and determine appropriate accounting treatment
- Review proforma and Accounting Treatment form to ensure accuracy of contract interpretation and application of Visa's accounting policy respectively
- Prepare monthly estimated amortization and payment schedules per contract terms and Visa's Accounting Policy
- Create excel models to determine contractual commitments per the terms of the contract, ensuring that all key obligations have been accurately addressed
- Review on-going contract performance and update future performance /amortization schedules, as needed
- Review contractual payments per terms of acceptance contracts. Liaison with
- Sales, Legal and clients to determine the fulfillment of contractual obligations.
- Assist in the resolution of related issues and discrepancies
- Analyze and explain the variances between forecasted and actual contractual commitments and prepare the necessary adjustments
- Manage, track, and process payments for Debit Issuer Portfolio
Basic Qualifications:
- 2 years of work experience with a Bachelor's Degree or an Advanced Degree (e.g. Masters, MBA, JD, MD, or PhD)• B.S. /B.A. degree in accounting or finance is preferred
Preferred Qualifications:
- 3 - 5 years of relevant working experience
- CPA preferred but not required
- Audit or statistical reporting experience desirable
- Extremely detail oriented, conscientious, thorough and accurate
- Candidate must be self-motivated, ability to function well independently as well as in a team, and comfortable in a fast-paced and dynamic environment
- Candidate must be highly organized and attentive to detail
- Candidate will interact with various levels of management across the organization as well as with external clients.
- Strong leadership and interpersonal skills are required as cross-functional projects occur on a regular basis
- Strong business analysis skills, excellent verbal and written communication skills, diplomacy, and a very upbeat customer-service attitude are essential
- Candidate must be proficient in Microsoft Access and possess advanced Excel skills
Additional Information
Work Hours:
- Incumbent must make themselves available during core business hours
Travel Requirements:
- This position requires the incumbent to travel for work 0% of the time.
Mental/Physical Requirements:
- This position will be performed in an office setting. The position will require the incumbent to sit and stand at a desk, communicate in person and by telephone, frequently operate standard office equipment, such as telephones and computers, reach with hands and arms, and bend or lift up to 25 pounds
Visa is an EEO Employer. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability or protected veteran status. Visa will also consider for employment qualified applicants with criminal histories in a manner consistent with EEOC guidelines and applicable local law.


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There out of four commercial laboratories in the US that were sent blood samples from patients suspecting they had Lyme disease returned false-positives in up to half of all cases.
The problem was uncovered by researchers at the University of Calgary in Canada, a country that has seen an escalation of the disease in recent years.
Many Canadians who suspect they have Lyme disease-and who have similar symptoms, such as joint pain, fatigue and mental fog-are turning to the laboratories for a second opinion, especially if an initial test in Canada has failed to detect the disease.
They become "vulnerable and desperate for an answer", says Dr Dan Gregson at the university. But the American laboratories are providing a misleading diagnosis in far too many cases, which is stopping the patient receiving appropriate treatment.
Laboratories that use the standard CDC two-tier testing algorithms are most likely to return an accurate reading, he said, whereas those that employ only the Western blot method should be treated with caution.
(Source: CMAJ, August 2015; doi: 10.1503/cmaj.141413)


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Last updated: June 25, 2018
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In no event shall Recreating Society be liable for any special, direct, indirect, consequential, or incidental damages or any damages whatsoever, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tort, arising our of or in connection with the use of the service or the concept of the services. Recreating society reserves height o make additions, deletions or modifications to the contents on the strive at any time without prior to notice.
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I am confident in using Recreating Society products. However, we do not take responsibility for any injuries or misuse of the products. I don't suggest using any oil for ingestion.I am not taking the place of your licensed medical professional, I do not diagnose and do not take responsibility for your health. I encourage you to do your research and seek out conversations with medical professionals that you go to.
The use of this website if for educational purpose not medically related. We give out general information and understand for you to research and use at your own risk. This website should not be used as a substitute for medical personals.


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After their latest series of events, hosted at National Trust properties around Greater London, the Art of Dining team have returned to the city and to the capable hands of set designer Alice Hodge, who is tasked with recreating the 70s 'kitchen sink realism' of the Mike Leigh play, Abigail's Party. Stretch out on garish sofas, sink your feet into shag-pile rugs and gaze into the lava lamp, while your hosts fix you a cocktail from the cabinet.
For £55, you wouldn't expect prawn cocktails, fondues and cheese-and-pineapple on a cocktail stick, but in the hands of Moro-trained chef Ellen Parr, these humble classics will be turned on their head – you'll find subtle Thai influences and Middle Eastern twists incorporated throughout every course. And with The Art of Dining, the experience is never just about the food: in the playful style of director Mike Leigh at his best you can expect suitably awkward moments, homely hosting and plenty of surprises that only a strong gin and tonic will see you through.
For the price of a ticket you'll be treated to five adventurous courses and a suitably seventies cocktail on arrival. Dressing for the era is advised, so dig out those flares and that Dralon dress, and get ready for a pop-up dining experience that's a far cry from the rest – opening night is already sold out: the rest will likely go the same way, so don't delay.
|Abigail's Party, The Art of Dining
|Rose Lipman Building, 43 De Beauvoir Road, N1 5SQ | MAP
|Nearest tube
|Angel (underground)
11 Mar 15 – 14 Mar 15, 7:30 PM – 12:00 AM
18 Mar 15 – 21 Mar 15, 7:30 PM – 12:00 AM
25 Mar 15 – 28 Mar 15, 7:30 PM – 12:00 AM
01 Apr 15 – 04 Apr 15, 7:30 PM – 12:00 AM
|Click here to go to the Art of Dining website for booking


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At the summit of the BMW 1 Series range sits a hidden performance gem. It's called the M140i and despite this unit's vivid orange paint job, it too lives in the shadow of its much-vaunted M2 sibling. We get to grips with the understated newcomer and make an interesting discovery...
2016 was a notable year for BMW when it came to product launches. A new 7 Series was launched locally and made enough impact to land a nomination for the First Class category for the Cars.co.za Cars Awards. It's that good. For the performance fans, the BMW M4 GTS and BMW M2 were launched; both were highly anticipated and both fearsomely fast. However (almost under the radar), came a mild facelift to the BMW 1 Series range including this performance variant you see here. How does it stack up against other performance hatchbacks?
We like: Value for money thrills, raucous 6-cylinder soundtrack, smooth power delivery
We don't like: Ride could be firm without optional adaptive M suspension, not as pretty as its M240i coupe sibling
- Want a real M car? While the BMW M2 is a coupe and this M140i a hatchback, the inter-related engines and similar performance mean comparisons are inevitable. Consider that the price of the BMW M2 is knocking on the door of a million Rand, as opposed to the under-R700k M140i. The M2 is an exclusive machine, however, and in another class dynamically. Perhaps the svelte M240i coupe (which was approximately R20k more expensive than the 5-door at the time of this review) is a better rival...
- All-wheel drive option A: The Mercedes-AMG A45 has been a hit for the brand. It may be down 2 cylinders and 1 litre in displacement, but it packs a considerable punch. It has more power, but less torque, than the M140i and will outsprint it, but the BMW is arguably more comfortable to live with and more involving to drive.
- All-wheel drive option B: On paper, the Ford Focus RS promises much and its outputs suggest it's a performance match for the BMW. However, the RS is a hardcore driving enthusiast's car and its cabin certainly doesn't feel better assembled than the BMW's. It's also a bit more expensive than the M140i, and it feels a bit more exclusive.
See how the M140i compares with the Mercedes-AMG A45 and Ford Focus RS
There's little to distinguish the M140i from its 1 Series siblings, but for those eye-catching M wheels and blue brake callipers.
How does it fare in terms of…
While the rest of the performance hatchback segment has downsized to turbocharged 4-cylinder motors, BMW proudly bucks the trend by offering the M140i a wholesome 6-cylinder unit. The new B58 engine is the successor to the N55, which was BMW's second-generation forced-induction 6-cylinder engine and was utilised in many of the Bavarian marque's products. This new unit has fractionally larger displacement (2 998 cm3 as opposed to 2979 cm3), a bigger turbocharger and other small changes. The outputs? A nice, round and substantial 250 kW and 500 Nm of torque. These numbers are staggering. The BMW E46 M3 from 2001 had 252 kW and 365 Nm, yet this M140i (not even a fully-fledged M car) trounces it.
BMW claims the M140i will hit 100 kph from standstill in 4.6 seconds, but traction will be an issue because at full throttle the rear tyres can scrabble for grip (unless the stability control can prevent it, which it does in other circumstances). Be circumspect with the throttle to get the M140i off the line, and then open the taps for maximum effect. The constant stream of 500 Nm is fully available from 1 520 to 4 500 r/min, which is, as a matter of fact, an elbow to the ribs of the BMW M2, which can only muster 465 Nm (500 Nm is available for short bursts on overboost). That leads us to believe that the M140i will run an M2 close in a mid-range acceleration test, not that we're likely to get a chance to test the theory...
How does this all translate to the on-the-road experience? At start-up, you're greeted with that BMW trademark 6-pot rumble, which provides a welcome hint of what this vehicle is capable of. There are various driving modes (Comfort, Sport, Sport Plus, Eco), which alter the power delivery and responsiveness. Pottering 'round town during the school run or in between meetings? Comfort or Eco neuters the performance aspect to the car, and makes it feel like a responsible premium hatchback. If there a pesky Golf GTI spoiling for a dice, Sport mode will help make him disappear in your 'mirror. Note that Sport Plus loosens the safety shackles for some tail out sideways action, but will catch you before slides become terminal.
The cosmetic updates to the 1 Series interior are subtle, but the shift paddle-adorned sports steering wheel is a delight.
The star of this show is the sheer tractability of the engine. Yes, you have the benefit of an 8-speed 'box to keep the engine in boost, but there's no need to frantically bang down the cogs as the turbo starts pulling from the early teens (rpm). Overtaking? Effortless. It's addictive, the overtaking potential of this motor will even please fans of old-school burly V8s.
Of course, the fun really begins when you point the Bimmer at a sequence of tight, winding bends. Whereas many members of the all-wheel-driven performance car brigade have a tendency to convert high speed into understeer when powering through corners, the BMW M140i does the opposite. Those who are talented enough will be able to coax some sideways action from the M140i, but even those who just enjoy the under-appreciated art of driving will relish what this car is capable of. It feels purer to drive than many of its competitors and less complicated by fancy electronics and differentials. Let us put it this way: it's more like you're making the car go fast rather than leaning on all its systems to usher you around the bends.
Sure, while this BMW M140i is a delight to drive, it's reassuring to know that it benefits from the latest advancements in technology and communication. Standard specification is fair, and there are some interesting options to choose from. The centrally-located infotainment screen now features visuals that look similar to the first-class-segment display in the 7 Series, but the intuitive menu system of the pre-facelift 1 Series has been retained. BMW calls this new system iDrive 5.0, which shows just how far the firm's proprietary user interface has come.
The sumptuous infotainment graphics of the 7 Series seems to have filtered down to the "humble" 1 Series!
Our test unit came with the 8-speed automatic with paddle shifters located behind the steering wheel. A manual gearbox is available, but we'd bet that out of every 10 units sold, 9 would be autos. We'd recommend you tick the boxes marked Navigation System Professional, Harman/Kardon audio, Park Distance Control, and most importantly, Adaptive M Suspension, because, by virtue of the M140i's low-profile tyres and sporty damping, the ride can become a trifle choppy on uneven surfaces and the latter feature compensates for that to a degree.
Practicality and Comfort?
The BMW M140i is competent in the practicality and comfort departments. It's a five-door hatchback with a generous boot (one of the biggest in class, as a matter of fact). The rear seats fold in a 60:40 split, which increases the loading capacity from 360- to 1 200 litres, which is useful for those carting larger than usual items. The front two seats are comfortable and trimmed in leather. There is enough seating for five, but it'll be a squeeze to accommodate 3 occupants in the back. Rear legroom is okay, but taller folk won't be comfortable.
BMW M140i Price in South Africa
You can get behind the wheel of a BMW M140i from R652 802. The price includes a 2-year/unlimited kilometre warranty and a 5-year/100 000 kilometre maintenance plan. Services are determined by the onboard computer.
The M140i seems expensive for a premium compact hatchback, but not compared with top-end performance rivals.
There are numerous choices available in the performance hatchback segment, which is reserved for cars that are in a different league (performance- and price-wise) to hot hatchbacks. While the M140i is not as race track-ready as a Honda Civic Type R (at least it does not feel that way) or as adept at executing point-to-point sprints in variable conditions as the Golf R, for example, the BMW M140i makes an interesting case for itself. Bear in mind that if you do want that ultimate driving tool, the M2 is where you should be headed – if you can afford it.
Overall, the BMW M140i is a great all-round offering as it brings readily accessible performance to the table, entertaining dynamics, yet offers comfort and "premiumness" associated with the BMW brand. Not everyone wants to thrash their cars on racetracks and to be blunt, cars such as these are mostly driven to work and back, where their talents are largely wasted. The BMW M140i will do the daily drive effortlessly. It's brisk, it's comfortable and knowing that you could enjoy "one of the best drives of your life" on a mountain road is reassuring.
Compared with the flashier offerings on the market, the M140i feels like a grown-up, mature and sensible choice. It'd be hard to justify the purchase of a winged-warrior Civic Type R or electric blue Focus RS to your (probably non-petrolheaded) partner or spouse, but this? Well, it should be a bit easier, because the BMW largely flies under the radar and delivers thrills when it counts most. The M240i coupe might hold the edge in terms of looks, but the M140i offers more practicality... and would constitute a R120k saving over a Mercedes-AMG A45.
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Adapting Your Retail Marketing Strategy for Customer Technology Preferences
Before the era of data-driven marketing campaigns, retail brands needed to work much harder to convince audiences to give them a try or validate their loyalty.
Why Is Branding Post-COVID-19 so Important in the Specialty Retail Industry?
As ecommerce jumps years ahead thanks to the shove out of the airplane we call COVID-19, specialty retail looks for the emergency chute. To quote contributing author and retail expert Greg Petro, "retail is not dead, it is evolving." Evolving indeed.
Finding the Ideal Meal: Connecting with Pet Owners Earlier
In this second installment of a two-part blog series on pet food nutrition, TBE explores the multi-channel nature of pet owners who are researching their pets' food.
Making the Most of Mealtime: Opportunities for Pet Food Brands
What will be the differentiator between pet food brands that find retail success and those that fail to do so? Thriving in this competitive market takes both a solid product strategy and a brand strategy that offers pet owners a way to connect to their own beliefs about food and nutrition.
Shopify, WooCommerce & Magento: Comparing the Top Ecommerce Platforms
Choosing the best ecommerce platform to showcase your products or services requires thoughtful analysis of your business model and objectives.
Designing Packaging for Digital Display
Ecommerce has changed the packaging paradigm. Traditional packaging is designed for shelf impression, logically. When stocked directly next to similar products competing for the same consumers, well-designed packages will emphasize the benefits that differentiate them from competition.
Three Ways to Differentiate Your Telecom Marketing Strategy: Product, Brand and Price
Since our earlier blog post about the telecom industry, Trone Brand Energy has taken another look at our Spring 2017 national survey of 980 home internet subscribers to uncover additional insights and ways for smaller, regional internet providers to more efficiently differentiate their telecom marketing strategy efforts from those of larger, nat
Segmenting Home Internet Subscribers
Through a national internet survey, we asked home internet subscribers how frequently they used their subscription for common daily activities such as emailing, surfing, shopping and even working from home. Four activities stood out—streaming videos, streaming music, listening to podcasts and online gaming.
Brand Accountability: A Millennial's Perspective
Brand accountability. Company transparency. Ethical business practices. Social awareness. As companies continue to hone which messages resonate with millennial consumers, or more importantly, which ones backfire, these trends are no longer what makes companies stand out. They're baseline requirements.
We wanted to better understand the difference between how the subscribers of the biggest internet providers think compared to subscribers of the rest, including those who subscribe to smaller, regional internet providers.
11 Brilliant Digital Tips for the Holiday [Retail Edition]
In the blink of an eye, we're back to the holiday season. That's right. It's fourth quarter. Every year brings a host of new challenges for brands, and every year the online world takes a bigger piece of the holiday pie. If you don't already have a digital marketing strategy in place, you're certainly cutting it close.
How To Improve Your Ecommerce Website User Experience
We all like websites that are easy to use better than hard ones, so it seems obvious to take the advice: "Make your website easy to use." But it is truly worth the time and money?


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You are hereHome › NLS Annotated Bibliography ›
Search Results
Source: Population Studies
Resulting in 2 citations.
Calhoun, Charles A.
Espenshade, Thomas J.
Childbearing and Wives' Foregone Earnings
Population Studies 42,1 (March 1988): 5-37
Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Investigation Committee
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Earnings; Fertility; Labor Force Participation; Racial Differences
Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
This paper combines multi-state life-table analysis and the human capital model of wages to derive new estimates of the impact of children on hours of market work and earnings for American women aged 15 to 55. Panel data from the NLS Mature Women, Young Women, and NLSY are used to estimate multi-state tables of working life and to assess the impact of fertility on female labour force behaviour. Potential earnings based on a human capital wage model are combined with the working life histories implied by the life-table analysis to estimate opportunity expenditures (i.e. the money value of foregone employment opportunities) associated with different childbearing patterns. The impacts of race, school enrollment, educational attainment, marital status, marital status changes, birth cohort and fertility are considered. Some specific findings are: (1) with identical childbearing patterns, white women forego roughly five times as much as black women in market earnings between the ages of 15 and 55 - approximately $25,000 per birth for white women, versus $5,000 per birth for black women, in 1981 dollars; (2) foregone hours of market work per birth are two to three times higher for white women than for black women approximately 1,500 to 3,000 hours per birth for white women, compared with 600 to 1,000 hours per birth for black women; (3) opportunity expenditures for white women and more educated black women have been declining over time; (4) opportunity expenditures on children are roughly proportional to the number of births, for women of similar background and labour market experience; and (5) it is the labour supply reductions immediately following each birth that contribute most to observed opportunity expenditures, whereas the marginal effect of total family size is small by comparison.
Bibliography CitationCalhoun, Charles A. and Thomas J. Espenshade. "Childbearing and Wives' Foregone Earnings." Population Studies 42,1 (March 1988): 5-37.
Mott, Frank L.
Shapiro, David
Complementarity of Work and Fertility Among Young American Mothers
Population Studies 37,2 (July 1983): 239-252
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Population Investigation Committee
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Adolescent; Children; Employment; Fertility; Life Cycle Research; Mothers
Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
This research uses data from the Young Women's cohort of the NLS to examine the extent to which women maintain a continuity of work attachment during their early childbearing years, the years when they traditionally were most likely to withdraw from the work force. The results indicate that women who maintain closer ties to the work force immediately before and after their first birth are also more likely to be employed in l978--between five and ten years after the first birth-- independent of intervening fertility events and other labor supply factors considered to be important predictors of work. The research supports the notion that work and fertility are increasingly becoming complementary activities for American women.
Bibliography CitationMott, Frank L. and David Shapiro. "Complementarity of Work and Fertility Among Young American Mothers." Population Studies 37,2 (July 1983): 239-252.


text: For years, the Barnes' family-run barbershop has been a place where guys can get a trim while shooting the breeze about anything. So when the barbershop is sold to a large hair salon chain, prodigal son Kevin Barnes (Marques Houston) finds himself co-managing the shop and butting heads with the new owner's spoiled daughter, Tiffany (Shannon Elizabeth). With differing ideas about how to turn their shop into a success, these two new partners find themselves in a battle of the sexes. Kevin is adamant about keeping it a place where men can hang out, watch sports and have a beer¦all while getting a haircut. Tiffany wants to create an urban oasis for women and men; where they can offer massages, highlights and lattes made to order. The direction of the new business also has the current employees taking sides. Tiffany's improvements have all of the female employees excited, particularly Candy (Shondrella Avery), the sassy manicurist, who has no qualms about sprucing up her surroun


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Tom McKinley
Partner, Cardinal Partners
Tom McKinley, who has more than 35 years of investment experience, is a General Partner and the West Coast representative for Cardinal Partners, a venture capital firm focused exclusively on healthcare investing. Prior to joining Cardinal Partners, Tom was the Co-Founder and Co-Managing Partner of Partech International. Tom currently serves on the Board of Directors of lifeIMAGE, a cloud-based medical imaging sharing platform for hospitals, physicians and patients, and in Teladoc (TDOC), a telehealth services provider of doctor consults to consumers. He also serves on the Board of Directors of Awarepoint, RTLS delivers contextual awareness and operational intelligence to the Internet of Things to increase efficiency, improve quality management. In addition, Tom is the founding Chief Executive Officer and Board of Director of Cardinal Analytx, a software start-up spun out of Stanford University that was created to identify and target high-cost patients for early medical interventions using machine learning.
Tom earned Bachelor of Arts in economics from Harvard University, a Master of Science in accounting from New York University and a Master of Business Administration from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.


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25 Mon
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Man gets life in prison for Gresham murder
The man who ran over and killed a black teenager outside a convenience store in Gresham almost three years ago has been sentenced to life in prison.
Russell Courtier received his sentence Tuesday morning, April 16, from Multnomah County Judge Jerry Hodson for the 2016 killing of 19-year-old Larnell Bruce Jr.
The State of Oregon had previously shown evidence that tied Courtier to white supremacist groups, and he will serve at least 30 years before becoming eligible for parole. During the sentencing, Bruce's stepmother, Natasha Bruce, pleaded with the judge for the harshest possible sentence.
Last month, a jury convicted Courtier of murder and second-degree intimidation, which functions as Oregon's hate crime statute. He was also convicted of failing to perform the duties of a driver.
Outside of court, the Bruce family told KOIN 6 News, a Pamplin Media Group partner, they were satisfied with the sentence.
"I feel like in any situation like this, you would never get what you really want," Natasha said. "(There) is some type of relief for us and whoever else may have to deal with this man again."
The incident occurred in August 2016 outside a 7-Eleven in Rockwood, when Courtier and his girlfriend, Colleen Hunt, ran over Bruce with a red 1991 Jeep Wrangler after an altercation near the intersection of Southeast 188th Avenue and Southeast Burnside Street.
Upon arrival, officers found Bruce with critical injuries. He died at a local hospital, while the couple was arrested a short time later.
Surveillance footage showed Bruce and Courtier engaged in a physical fight. Eventually Bruce attempted to leave, which is when Courtier got into the Jeep and started driving toward the teen.
According to witnesses, there were two attempts made to run Bruce down. The first narrowly missed, but court documents said Courtier "circled around and chased after Mr. Bruce." Hunt told detectives she was a passenger inside the Jeep during the incident. She confirmed she encouraged Courtier by yelling "get him baby, get him."
Hunt pleaded guilty to manslaughter for her role in the teenager's death, and was sentenced to 10 years in prison Tuesday afternoon.
Law enforcement said race was a motivating factor in the killing. Courtier is a member of the European Kindred prison gang, which prosecutors said is a white supremacist group. He has a shoulder tattoo of a shield with the letters EK, and another EK tattoo on his leg.
Prosecutor Dave Hannon said Courtier was part of the gang by choice.
"It stemmed from his racist desire to be part of a 'brotherhood,'" Hannon told KOIN. "This is an appropriate sentence, given that the jury found Russell Courtier's actions of murdering Larnell Bruce were motivated by his perception of Mr. Bruce's race or the color of his skin."
In 1999, Courtier and two other men riding MAX attacked Martin Clyde Beavers, a black man who didn't know his assailants. Courtier pleaded guilty to third-degree assault in that case, court records show.
During the proceedings Tuesday morning, Larnell Bruce Sr. spoke directly to Courtier and said Courtier's son "will now have to live without a father and everything that happened today, I'm sure is going to have some kind of reflection on his son."
During the sentencing, prosecutors said Courtier treated Bruce as "less than a human being."
Jurors returned a non-unanimous verdict on the intimidation charge. All other charges were unanimous.
The Bruce family made the decision to donate their son's organs. Natasha listed the five people who received the gift of life from her son and said they want to bring awareness to how organ donations save lives.
The family also started a nonprofit organization — Love and Live #LarnellBruce.
"We are going to advocate and help victims of hate crimes," Natasha said. "We'd like to give help to anybody who's gone through what we have gone through."
You count on us to stay informed and we depend on you to fund our efforts. Quality local journalism takes time and money. Please support us to protect the future of community journalism.


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As the owner of the Hereford Equestrian website I am regularly emailed by students coming to the end of their college course asking if I have any jobs available. As yet, not one of the emails has captured my attention and all for the same reason and what is that?……
The most recent one was:
I am looking to finish my college course in April, and was wondering if you would have any jobs available in that time.
I can send you my CV.
Many thanks,
'Her Name'"
Crikey, was it even meant for me!? Firstly, I'd prefer my name was included in some way or other, "Hi, Hello, or Dear Sally", at least I'd know the email was meant for me although I realise it still might have been copied and pasted from one email to another, which I suspect is exactly what has happened with all the application emails I've received so far!
Secondly, why would I want to employ you? Quite frankly, you've given me no clues except that you're probably lazy and unmotivated because you can't even be bothered to tell me why you might like to work for me. I wonder if you even know what I do!
Many years ago, I spent some time discussing how to approach sponsors with a young man, who is no longer young, but he is a millionaire! He knew the recipe and gave me some wise advice which can also be applied to applying for a job. It's so simple. It just involves doing your homework and making the person or company you are approaching think they can't do without you! It worked for me and I secured the sponsorship I was after at the time and it works for job applicants too.
Put some effort in, sell yourself and flatter the person or company you are approaching! Find out all about the business before you approach them so that you can prove you are genuinely interested. Unless that happens, 'it ain't going to work!' Don't waste anyone's time approaching people just for the sake of it, have a reason! What is your USP (and make sure you know what that stands for – Unique Selling Point)
An employer will ask: "Why do you want to work for 'me'?" and then "What will I gain if you work for 'me'?" After all, it's the employer who's got to pay out the money at the end of the day!


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The Best Muscle Cars is proud to offer this 1998 Cobra Convertible. 1 of 555 Chrome yellow. Excellent condition. New Tires, Shocks, CAI, Magnaflow Cat Back exhaust, Pro 5.0 shifter. All original paint. Original VIN stickers on all panels. Never any accidents. Original interior and top. No rips or tears. Runs great, needs nothing. 135k Highway miles. Have SVT certificate and window sticker.
Not the classic muscle car you're looking for? See all our classic muscle cars for sale and find your dream car.


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Up Costs For Opening A Retail Retailer
The previous real estate mantra "location, location, location" applies simply the identical to your retail store. The data associated to Mastercard has been collected by Credit score Card Insider and has not been reviewed or offered by the issuer or provider of this product. All these downsides to transactional marketing progressively pushed the retail business towards establishing lengthy-time period cooperative relationships with customers.
People will drive out of their solution to get to a particular store that sells what they are on the lookout for. I need GameStop to turn round, as a result of proper now the largest speciality retailer dedicated to my favorite interest, to the video games I've made it my professional to put in writing about, seems to care little or no concerning the precise product it is selling.
A retail retailer starved of cash is a enterprise ready for all sorts of challenges. As well as, the retailer needs to make choices about gross sales help such as customer supply and after gross sales buyer family business care. As a Magnificence Consultant in a CVS Pharmacy retailer, you will assist clients with beauty picks by personal, one-on-one interaction and the sharing of your information and expertise.
Use anchor text hyperlinks in your writer bio and hyperlink to all of the section pages of the shop and even deep hyperlink to some products. The other is to develop new clients and hold old shoppers, so as to increase the market gross sales of products. Lighting, décor, music, and the merchandise on display all play a role — and so does cleanliness.
Since Amazon has one of the broadest product ranges of any market ever, this is most likely the most versatile retailer card you will get. As an Asset Protection Coordinator (APC), you'll assist prevent retailer theft with your attentive customer service skills, and assist implement different loss prevention strategies as needed.
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Issued by Citi: Citi is a serious bank card issuer with relatively good customer help. Additionally throughout the description of your individual merchandise randomly hyperlink to different merchandise in your store. You possibly can pay for your subscription services with money by shopping for prepaid playing cards if you don't have a credit or debit card or do not want to use it online.