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Bach's Mercurys
For The Conservatory
Part 1 (Revised)
(Roy Hempley and Doug Lehrer)
Within the last few months, a person with an unusual Mercury cornet asked the authors if they knew anything about his instrument. The effort to explain this Mercury led to this article.
The authors always had assumed that Mercury and Stradivarius instruments followed roughly parallel development paths. They did not. Mercury development was more sporadic and is not easy to understand. This article may help illustrate why. It describes one large but unusual set of Mercury trumpets and cornets made in 1939 and 1940. Understanding these instruments may help put together a more complete picture in the future.
(All of the revisions to this article are in the Introduction Section.)
From the time they were introduced, Bach's Stradivarius instruments were pricey, and Bach thought that he needed to offer some lower priced instruments. He did just that, of course, but he did not refer to any of them as "student models". Rather, he explained that he was producing quality instruments that had fewer options and adornments. Thus, they were said to be more accessible to everyone. Of these "other" instrument lines, the Mercury line was to contain the least expensive or bottom-end models. (Bach would not have used the term "bottom-end models".)
The Mercury name spanned Bach's entire manufacturing career. In an August 14, 1925 trademark application, he said that the first time he used the name was on May 1, 1925. That fact may be relatively meaningless because it is not clear whether Bach had actually made a Mercury instrument by that time.
When Mercury production did begin, it did not get off to a good start. The authors knew that Bach made some Mercury trumpets between 1926 and 1928. What they did not know until they began the research for this article was that Bach made only 51 of them before the ones described here. More to the point, Bach's early efforts on his bottom-end line were not entirely successful. All of the 51 early Mercurys were trumpets.
Documentation of Bach's earliest instruments is somewhat spotty. Some of the early shop cards are missing. It is possible that additional Mercurys will be found one day. As of now, it has to suffice to say that it appears that only 51 pre-1939 Mercurys were produced. Then Mercury production stopped.
Even if only 51 Mercurys were made, it is clear that Bach intended to produce them on a routine basis. They were not pictured in his earliest instrument catalog, but an accompanying price list dated October 1, 1925 shows that a Mercury trumpet in raw brass was to be offered for $45. This can be compared to the cost of a Stradivarius trumpet also in raw brass for $125. Mercury trumpets also were to be offered with silver plating and, incredibly, with gold plating. Just why Bach thought someone might pay $90 for a gold plated Mercury trumpet is unclear. There were even options available. Like their higher priced Stradivarius cousins, the Mercurys could be ordered with a quick-change-to-A mechanism.
Just how was Bach to make a trumpet for $45? While he had a year or two of manufacturing experience, it probably appeared to Bach that he needed to import some parts and/or materials to reduce costs. The data on these early Mercurys are sketchy. Taken all together, however, there is enough information available to indicate that some of these instruments, perhaps most, used French-made valves, although at least one Mercury was made with a German valve set. Additionally, if the authors interpreted the notations correctly, brass was imported from both Germany and France for some of the bells.
Besides these cost-reducing measures, Bach also used a few bells left over from Stradivarius production. These bells were bells that either had been phased out or did not meet Stradivarius standards. Without the Mercury and Apollo lines, they would have been scraped. Throughout most of his manufacturing career, Bach continued this practice of using leftover Stradivarius components on his lesser lines when he could.
Considering all of the data on these 51 instruments, these early Mercurys can only be considered exploratory. No more like them were ever made again. The authors believe that setting such a low price for his Mercury trumpets ($45) made it difficult for Bach to make them at a profit. The authors have to assume that this early effort to make and sell inexpensive Mercurys was not satisfactory, and, as a result, not many were made in the first rush to production.
Trying to confirm some of the information on the shop cards, the authors eventually found one of these early Mercury trumpets, #482. The details of the trumpet will be reserved for a special article. Nonetheless, it is instructive to look at two pictures. The first is a picture of the trumpet positioned to view some of its more interesting features.
Figure 1: Bach
Mercury Trumpet #482
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
Trumpet #482 is easily distinguished from a Stradivarius trumpet. The major differences include bell braces, slide nibs, mouthpiece receiver, no tuning slide brace, perpendicular second valve slide and an unusual valve section. Most of them features were chosen to reduce production costs compared to Stradivarius instruments. One feature that cannot be seen in the photograph is the immovable third valve slide although the slide was made in two pieces so moisture could be removed.
Trumpet #482 is not entirely in original condition. Modifications were made to the first valve slide, and it is possible that the water key was replaced. There is a sleeve on the mouthpipe. It is impossible to tell when or where these alterations were made.
One of more interesting cost-cutting features found on trumpet #482 is the mouthpiece receiver. It is the same receiver Bach used on his Apollo bugles, which are discussed in a separate article. These receivers are very thin and are not tapered. As a result, they are prone to splitting. They are also inexpensive to make.
Possibly the most interesting aspect of trumpet #482 is the valve section. As noted previously, the valve sets on these early Mercury trumpets were imported, probably from France. The first valve from trumpet #482 is shown in the following photograph alongside the first valve from Stradivarius trumpet #315. The two trumpets were made within a few months of each other.
Figure 2: Comparison
of Mercury #482 Valve (left) to Stradivarius #315 Valve
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The most obvious difference between the Bach valve and the one on the left is the exposed spring. While the barrels are the same height, the diameter of the French piston is considerably smaller. The fact that the piston on Stradivarius trumpet #315 have been re-plated makes this difference even more pronounced. Another notable feature on the valve from trumpet #482 is the cork bumper on the top of the valve cap.
After these 51 Mercury trumpets were made, Bach stopped producing Mercurys. Approximately eleven years went by, and no additional Mercurys were made. Except for the onset of the Great Depression in 1928, the authors have no ready explanation for this. It could be argued that the Depression would have been a great time to offer less expensive instruments. The authors conclude, with some reservation, that Bach simply found that he could not make a trumpet at a third of the cost of a Stradivarius ($45/$125). Equally plausible is that he encountered problems importing inexpensive valve sets. The valves on trumpet #482 are quality valves.
Apparently it was always hard to find a marketing niche for the Mercurys. By 1961, Bach was promoting them for "conservatory students" who could not afford higher priced instruments. This was not a new idea. As will be seen, it arose over 20 years earlier.
This article, then, tells something of the story of the first real Mercury instruments, i.e., the first Mercurys to be produced in some volume. Other than the fact that business was better after the country recovered from the Great Depression, there is no real reason for introducing another line of instruments at just that time. Perhaps a demand may have always been present, but Bach just did not see how to meet it. Another possibility is that Bach simply bit off too much to chew in the mid-1920s, and 1939 was the first time favorable company finances and opportunity coincided. No matter the reason, the instruments described here set the stage for things that happened later in the Mercury line, but that will be a story for another day.
When the authors began trying to assemble what they knew about Mercury instruments, they found that they already had some information in hand about some unusual instruments. That information was contained in a note written by Bach that identified instruments called "Conservatory Models". It is not at all clear whether the name Conservatory Model was envisioned as a model name like Stradivarius Model or had some other connotation.
The top of the note is shown below. (Only the top is shown because the bottom refers to Mercedes instruments.)
Figure 3: Bach Note
(1) on Conservatory Models
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
This note by itself does not make complete sense in Bach terms. The components (bells and mouthpipes) are recognizable as parts used on other Bach instruments. The confusing part, however, is the 0.446 inches written beside the word valve. This identifies the bore size, but not only is it very small, no other Bach instruments were known to use that bore size. After finding this note, the authors filed it away along with a big question mark. That is where it remained for some time.
More recently, the authors found additional information that they thought might be related to the above note. That information, however, just raised even more questions. One piece is shown below.
Figure 4: N.Y.
Junior Trumpet Drawing
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
Reduced in size, the above is one of Bach's simpler technical drawings. It is a drawing of a trumpet. While the name N.Y. Junior Trumpet is engaging, the most striking thing to the authors was the valve bore of 0.446 inches, the same as shown on the above note referring to Conservatory Models. Unlike the note, however, the drawing identified a relevant year for the authors to work with.
Just as the note refers to trumpets and cornets, so too are there two drawings. The companion drawing is shown below.
Figure 5: N.Y.
Junior Cornet Drawing
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The two drawings were of considerable more interest than the note. Finding these drawings meant that Bach had progressed to putting his ideas into his customary technical format, i.e., he made technical drawings. The drawings implied that he would be making instruments. The names of these instruments, however, were even more peculiar than the name Conservatory Model. Is it possible Bach might have been thinking of marketing instruments called New York Junior Models?
The cornet drawing in fact was more helpful than the trumpet drawing. In addition to the bore size, there is an interesting component on this drawing. It is a bell-mounted tuning slide shown right below the mouthpipe assembly. No other Bach instruments made prior to 1939 had this feature, but where had this kind of thing been seen before?
Even later, the authors found a second note among Bach's papers. It did not refer to either Conservatory Models or New York Junior Models. Rather, it used the name Mercury Model to categorize some specific instruments. It related to the above through the odd bore size, however, and it listed various components and prices for the instruments. This appears to be a later note than the first one because, if for no other reason, the prices are higher.
Figure 6: Bach Note
(2) Defining Configurations of Mercury Instruments
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
Bach apparently had continued to think about a line of inexpensive instruments, and this was the answer. There are no more references to Conservatory Models or New York Junior Models. He settled on calling them Mercury Models, and he now launched that line with some seriousness.
While the authors previously did not know about any such bore size, they did recognize the bell loop as being unique to Mercury cornets. The following is a scan of a page taken from a "Bach Trumpets, Cornets, Trombones" catalog copyrighted in 1940.
Figure 7: Scan of Mercury Cornet In 1940 Bach Catalog
The copyright application associated with the catalog says that the catalog was first printed on August 1, 1940. Now the purpose of the bell loop shown in the catalog became clearer. The authors had not consciously thought about the loop in the bell tail as a tuning slide. Perhaps that is an overstatement. The truth is that the authors did not think much about Mercurys at all, much less that they had bell-mounted tuning slides.
Although included here only to show what jogged the authors' memories regarding the tuning slide, the catalog entry does not refer to the instruments discussed in this article. While its date of publication is within the range of sale dates of the instruments, the catalog refers to Mercury instruments made in one of Bach's standard bore sizes. The catalog entry for Mercury trumpets (not shown) prices them at $82 also, the same as the cornets. These good-deal prices didn't last long, however. They were increased by over 20 percent less than a year later.
The authors of course realized that Bach included entries on his shop cards regarding bore sizes. Knowing that the drawings were dated 1939; it was natural to glance through the shop cards from that year looking for instruments with a 0.446-inch bore size, but that exercise yielded no such instruments. Then a friend of one of the authors wrote to say that he had bought what he thought was a Bach Mercury cornet but that it turned out to be a fake of some kind. In particular, the valves were clearly not Bach valves. The cornet's serial number was in the low 10,000 range. He asked if the authors would check the shop card corresponding to the serial number. Finding the appropriate card lead to the discovery that 375 Mercury trumpets and cornets used that particular bore size. The serial numbers ranged from 10,000 to 10,376.
Cursory examination of the shop cards showed that many of the instruments had bells that correspond to Bach's notes shown above. Other features did not appear to be as normal, however. These abnormalities are illustrated in the shop card below, which is representative of most of the cornets.
Figure 8: Shop Card
for Mercury Cornet #10,139
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The first 100 cards are pink and have odd, non-standard formats that are hard to read. The remaining 275 are formatted like the one shown above. They are in standard format for the year they were filled in, but their color is unusual.
Entries on these cards that give pause are as follows. Almost all of the cards exhibit similar entries.
1. The serial number appears to be incompatible with the date completed. Bach instruments with serial numbers in the 10,000 range generally were made in the late 1940s.
2. The bore size of the trumpet, 0.446 inches, is not a standard Bach bore size.
3. The valve model is indicated to be model B, but this trumpet was made well after Bach discontinued his original valve model "B".
4. The mouthpipe is indicated to be type B, but this is not a standard nomenclature for a Bach mouthpipe.
The authors by now are accustomed to seeing Bach serial numbers reserved for future production. Correlating such serial numbers with completion dates is impossible. To reserve 375 numbers in the 10,000 range during 1939, however, was extraordinary even for Bach. The serial numbers for these Mercurys are far out of sequence regarding their completion dates. The first Mercury in this set was #10,000. It was completed February 17, 1939. The previous serial number, #9,999, was a Stradivarius cornet completed on November 30, 1948.
The bore size on these instruments is unique to Bach production. Up until the time these instruments were made, Bach had used 0.448-, 0.453-, 0.459-, 0.462- and 0.468-inch bore sizes. He had even started or was about to start making instruments with a 0.440-inch bore size. The 0.446-inch bore size was different from all the rest, and it was used on only these 375 instruments.
The valve model on these Mercurys is labeled model B. Bach in fact had another valve model "B" early in his production. That valve model "B" was his second valve design. It was designed to change the topology of his early instruments. With minor alterations, that model "B" gave way to valve model "E" in the early 1930s. Very different from the earlier valve model "B", the valves on these Mercurys were simply labeled model B to differentiate them as special. More will be said about these valves later in this article.
The mouthpipe assemblies on these instruments too were special. They were the first assemblies Bach made that combined the mouthpiece receiver and mouthpipe into one piece. These too will be described in more detail later in this article. If the notes shown in Figures 1 and 4 above did not exist, the mouthpipe tapers for these instruments could not be guessed. Even with the notes, they remain an assumption since they cannot be measured easily. Presumably the second note shown in Figure 4 is the more accurate.
The bells on these instruments are indicated on the shop cards, as was Bach's custom. The only unusual thing about them is that some of the 375 Mercurys were made with leftover bells from Stradivarius production. Some Mercurys got #5, #10 and #25 bells, to name a few. One of them even got a #1 bell left over from very, very early production.
It serves two purposes to return to an accounting of the valve sets for these instruments. The serial numbers range from 10,000 through 10,376. From these numbers, one would expect that there would be 377 instruments. Valve sets with serial numbers #10,193 and #10,234 were not delivered, however, thus making the total 375. The first of the two instrument-less cards is shown below.
Figure 9: Shop Card
Showing Total Valve Order
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
More than anything else, the above shop card indicates that there was an order for these valves, i.e., someone else besides Bach made them. The authors have gone to some lengths to try and identify which company might have made these valve sets. They have been unsuccessful. They have compared the valves with others made for Bach, and they simply do not match any others identified so far.
Since data on these instruments were available, it might be interesting to a few readers to know the general mix of instruments Bach made within the 375 total. There were 243 trumpets and 132 cornets. This results in a trumpet-to-cornet ratio of over 2:1. This represents a much lower trumpet-to-cornet ratio than Bach had made up to this point.
The authors compiled the following Mercury configuration data using the shop cards to identify bells and the note shown in Figure 4 to identify probable mouthpipes.
There were 195 trumpets made with #106 bells and #14 mouthpipes. There were 26 trumpets made with #32 bells and #9 mouthpipes. As for the cornets, almost all of them, 114 out of 132 total, were made with #106 bells. The cornets probably used #110 mouthpipes, which would qualify them as "Conservatory Models" as defined in the note shown in Figure 1.
By subtracting from the totals, 18 cornets and 16 trumpets were made in other configurations.
The 375 Mercurys addressed in this article were made over an 18-month period. Of these, 256 were made in 1939.
The authors cannot tell exactly when their components were made, but the first instruments were completed on February 17, 1939. That was a big day at the Bach plant as forty Mercurys were completed. The authors envision February 17th as a day when all hands turned to assembling Mercurys. The next biggest production day was September 25, 1939 when 17 Mercurys were made. The last Mercurys in this group were completed on August 26, 1940.
The Mercurys sold well. The authors speculate that because of this, Bach decided to integrate Mercurys into his production line on a routine and permanent basis. It is not clear whether Bach could not buy any more valve sets or whether he judged those he bought to be inferior. In any case, he decided to make his own. The new Mercurys would use his common bore sizes. His decision was introduced in his August 1, 1940 catalog (see Figure 5).
The first of the new Mercurys with Bach valves were made on September 24, 1940. When production on these began, he still had approximately 60 of the older ones discussed in this article on hand. Sales of both the old and new continued in parallel, but the authors cannot tell how Bach decided which Mercurys would go to specific customers. The old ones did not stay in inventory long. The prices of the old Mercurys and starting prices of the new ones were the same.
The authors thought it might be interesting to some readers to understand how research is done for an article such as this one. In addition to reviewing data owned by Conn-Selmer, Inc., the authors rely heavily on representative instruments to help either confirm or clarify that data. For this article, the authors had a rare opportunity to investigate three of these unique Mercurys. The instruments are shown in the photograph below.
Figure 10: Three
Mercury Instruments Made With Non-Bach Valves
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The photograph's perspective makes it look as if the two cornets are longer than the trumpet, which is shown at the top. They are not.
The trumpet, serial number 10,176, normally resides in Tennessee. Its owner agreed to loan it for this article. The cornet in the middle has serial number 10,158. Its original home was in Massachusetts, but one of the authors now owns it. The cornet on the bottom has serial number 10,271. Its owner shipped it all the way from France to have its picture taken along side its companions. This owner is the person mentioned earlier in this article that asked for help in understanding his cornet. He thought that perhaps he had inadvertently bought a fake Bach. His instrument, not insignificantly, was the catalyst for pulling all of the data together for this article. The authors consider it very fortunate to have had access to these instruments all at one time. The authors are grateful to the current and past owners. It should be obvious that without access to instruments, there could be no Bachology articles.
Aspects of the instruments will be examined next. A significant amount of the information is relevant to Mercurys made later.
Tuning in A
The photograph above shows all three instruments with their slides in their normal or Bb tuning positions. All can be tuned to the key of A, however. The tuning "mechanism" of the trumpet employs Bach's routine stop-rod approach. Its slides have scribe marks for the key of A. The cornets' mechanisms, however, are unique in Bach terms. The main slide that looks like a trumpet tuning slide is actually an A-tuning mechanism. A photograph of one of the cornets with its slides pulled to the A position is shown below.
Figure 11: Mercury
Cornet #10,158 A Tuning
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
To tune in A, the A-slide is pulled all the way out until the lower tube encounters a stop ring. The slide is meant to be either pushed all the way in for Bb or pulled all the way out for A.
The main difference between the valves on these instruments and ones Bach made is that these valves use bottom springs. One set of valves is shown in the photograph below. All of the valve sets are the same.
Figure 12: Mercury
Trumpet #10,176 Valves
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The pistons are not as large as Bach pistons. They are approximately 0.652 inches in diameter compared to 0.663 inches for Bach-made pistons. The pistons appear to be nickel-plated. Each complete valve weighs just over one and one-half ounces. Bach valves from that period weigh almost two ounces.
The mouthpipes on these instruments are integrated with the mouthpiece receivers. The integrated mouthpipe on the trumpet is shown below. There is a reinforcement ring around the opening.
Figure 13: Mercury
Trumpet #10,176 Mouthpipe
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The inside diameter of the trumpet mouthpipe was measured up to the point where it begins to increase in diameter, i.e., where the mouthpipe taper starts. While the measurements were somewhat crude, they were accurate enough to illustrate two points. First, the taper in the first inch is identical to that of the Brown & Sharpe Standard Taper, which was used for Bach mouthpieces up until about 1954. Moreover, the opening of the receiver is 0.432 inches, which just fits the shank of a Bach trumpet mouthpiece. The receiver end of the piece is a perfect fit for Bach trumpet mouthpieces.
A second observation is that the mouthpipe begins its expansion right about the two-inch depth. The technical drawing shows the entire length of the mouthpipe to be nine and three-quarter inches, including a half-inch insertion depth into the upper tuning slide receiver. This means that the expansion portion of the mouthpipe is approximately seven and one-quarter inch. This is shorter than most Bach trumpet mouthpipes.
One of the cornet mouthpipes is shown below. In general, it is built the same as the trumpet mouthpipe, but there are differences.
Figure 14: Mercury
Cornet #10,158 Mouthpipe
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
The taper of this receiver is also identical to that of the Brown & Sharpe Standard Taper. The opening of this particular receiver is 0.387 inches, but this is slightly larger than the shank of Bach cornet mouthpieces at the nominal insertion point. Still, a standard Bach mouthpiece from 1954 or earlier would fit this cornet and insert approximately to the right depth.
On the cornet, the mouthpipe expansion begins closer to the opening than it does on the trumpet. It begins at just about the one-inch depth. From the technical drawing, the entire length of the mouthpipe is seven and five-eighths inches, including a quarter inch insertion depth into the upper A-tuning slide receiver. This means that the expansion portion of the mouthpipe to be approximately six and three-eighths inches. This is shorter than most Bach cornet mouthpipes.
Beyond having non-Bach valves and unusual mouthpipes, the most noticeable thing about these instruments is their weight. They are relatively heavy. The trumpet weighs two pounds and eight ounces. This compares to two pounds and four ounces for Bach Stradivarius trumpets from the early 1940s. As mentioned previously, the valves are relatively lightweight. The bells, discussed later, are normal Bach bells. The extra weight is found in the body of the instruments.
Measurements of the valve slides show the following. The inside diameter of the valve slides is the bore size, i.e., 0.446 inches. The outside diameter is 0.488 inches resulting in the thickness of the brass used in the slides to be 0.042 inches. This is thicker than the brass routinely used for other Bach instruments.
The outer tubes have an inside diameter of 0.489 inches, and an outer diameter of 0.531 inches. The difference, 0.042 inches, is the thickness of the outer tubes. This is also thicker than the outer tubers used for other Bach instruments.
The cornets weigh approximately two pounds and seven ounces. This compares to two pounds and four ounces for Bach Stradivarius cornets from the early 1940s. The valve slides on the cornets contribute to the overall weight the same as the trumpet slides.
A set of cornet slides is shown in the photograph below.
Figure 15: Mercury
Cornet #10,271 Slides
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
While the thickness of the metal in the slides is not obvious in the above, the photograph does show something about how tuning a cornet to the key of A is accomplished. The diameter of the lower leg of the A tuning slide is larger on the tail end, so it stops the slide from being pulled out further when the larger section encounters the stop ring shown. The length of the "pull" is predetermined. The valve slides have appropriate scribe marks for the key of A. (The working setup for the key of A is shown in Figure 9.) The extra slide in the above photograph of course is the bell-mounted tuning slide found on the cornets.
Not much will be said about the bells on these instruments. They are standard Bach bells. (The number of each type of bell used was estimated earlier in this article.) Although there are a few thicker ones, most of the bells were made from brass approximately 0.019 inches thick before being pressed on a mandril.
Figure 16: Mercury
Trumpet #10,176 Bell Logo
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
There is one important thing of note about these bells. Despite the low cost of the instruments, the bells are one-piece bells.
The bell shown above was made on mandril #106. Not much is known about this particular mandril, which is cornet bell mandril. This type of bell was used from time to time on both trumpets and cornets, however, and not just in the Mercury line.
Second Valve Slides
Readers by this time may have noticed that the two cornets are not identical. The easily noticeable difference is that the second valve slides point in different directions. A photograph of the two slides is shown below. A puzzling question is why the two slides were made differently.
Figure 17: Cornet
Second Valve Slides
(Click the Image to View Full Size in a New Window)
In 1925, Bach thought that his Mercury trumpets would be priced at about a third of the price of a Stradivarius trumpet, i.e., $45/$125. He found he could not meet that goal. The cost in 1939/40 was a little over half that of a Stradivarius trumpet, i.e., $82/$155. By the time Bach sold his company in 1961 the cost fraction, $210/$390, was still close to the 1939/40 one.
Bach seems to have not abandoned his idea of these instruments being for the "conservatory". Extolling the features of the Mercury trumpet in 1961, Bach said that it was the "ideal instrument for the young artist or advanced conservatory student who wishes to economize but must have a trumpet of superb playing qualities…" Despite these words, the authors think that these heavyweight instruments probably were made for young students. Another indication of this may be the high number of cornets in the mix of instruments.
The instruments examined for this article were made well and play well. On the other hand, they were not made with the precision of Stradivarius instruments made during the same period. The authors think that the Mercurys Bach was talking about in 1961 were improvements over the ones discussed here. If nothing else, the later ones had larger bore sizes.
It is natural to wonder why the particular bore size was chosen. Was the 0.446-inch bore size needed to accommodate thicker brass in the slides so that they would still fit the location of the valve ports? The authors do not know.
Bach's Mercurys did not turn out as inexpensive as he originally thought they would. Still, the relatively low cost of the ones in this group seems to have made them popular. They sold very quickly, and this in turn gave the Mercury line new life starting almost immediately afterward the initial 375 were completed. This time, Mercurys made it into Bach's catalog as well as his production line.
This paper was written through significant support from Conn-Selmer, Inc. of Elkhart, Indiana. Access to their data was essential to understanding the first of the production Mercury instruments. Mr. Tedd Waggoner, Director of Marketing for Brass Winds, is extremely knowledgeable about Bach operations and contributed greatly to the material.
As mentioned within this article, the authors are indebted to the Bachology readers who graciously loaned their instruments. Instruments are needed to corroborate and to add to data made available by Conn-Selmer, Inc. As a matter of policy, the authors hold confidential the identities of readers who loan their instruments unless otherwise directed.
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text:
Darville, Gabrielle
Gabrielle C. Darville
Assistant Professor
Dr. Gabrielle Darville is Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Health on the Macon campus. She received a PhD in Health and Human Performance with a concentration in Health Behavior from the University of Florida, a MPH from the University of Southern Mississippi, and a BS in Health and Human Performance from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Dr. Darville is also a Certified Health Education Specialist.
Prior to coming to Mercer University, Dr. Darville was an Instructor and Evaluation Coordinator in the College of Public Health at the University of Georgia, a Senior Research Associate at The University of Florida, and served as a Health Communication Specialist / ORISE Research Fellow at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Her research interests are the use of technology-based health promotion to improve outcomes in adolescent/young adult health and health disparate populations. She is an active member of American Public Health Association, Georgia Society of Public Health Education and Georgia Department of Public Health - Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Control Program.

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02:57InterviewHans Stuck missed out on pole
05:47InterviewEddie Cheever shares his thoughts
07:02InterviewDerek Warwick hopes to do better
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10:45InterviewThierry Boutsen remembers last years race
12:32Paddock actionIntroduction of cars and drivers
14:50InterviewMartin Shank shares his thoughts
16:14Paddock actionQualifying results
17:29InterviewEvan Clements says they're being sabotaged
19:06Starting gridQualifying results
19:39StartHans Stuck leads a wet race
23:41CrashJochen Mass spins
27:23Race actionRace update
29:27CautionEddie Cheever retires
30:25BattleBattle for the lead
34:11CrashRay Bellm crashes into a driver
35:31Heavy crashSafety car comes out but causes more accidents
38:14InterviewHans Stuck explains the crazy crash
38:51InterviewStuck and Bell talk about the crash
40:33InterviewJames Weaver explains what he saw
41:01RestartThe race is restarted
44:18BattleBattle for the lead
46:53Race actionRace update
48:28Special eventGerman teams hold a press conference
49:20InterviewMike Thackwell after his stint
49:56InterviewDerek Warwick shares his thoughts
50:54InterviewGordon Spice after his stint
51:48Race actionJaguar run into problems
54:34CautionDerek Warwick retires
55:30Run offFulvio Ballabio sheds body work after a crash
56:25CautionCostas Los loses his turbo
57:40Checkered flagMercedes win
57:47InterviewHenri Pescarolo is delighted with the win
58:33PodiumMercedes take top step
59:15Race finishRace results
The 1986 Nurburgring 1000 kms was a dramatic race in all respects. Atrocious weather conditions turned the high-speed track into a skating rink with extremely poor visibility. So who wins? Watch this fascinating video and find out!
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|Duke Classics - Sportscar
|Episode title
|1986: World Sports Car - Nürburgring
|Episode number
|Date added
|May 25, 2018
|Original date
|May 24, 2018
|Run time
|Racing coverage
|Related racing series
|FIA World Endurance Championship


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Valencia is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.6 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million depending on how the metropolitan area is defined. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. The city is ranked at Beta-global city in the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Source: Wikipedia
City of Valencia is a member of Energy Cities since 2019
790 201 Inhabitants
After almost one full year with a functioning government and two general elections, Spanish leaders are trying to make up for lost time. They have taken two important steps which Fundación Renovables has been fighting for.
The Energy Cities community has recently welcomed some new members. We are very happy and proud to have Krizevci, Vienna, Valencia and Vilvoorde among us! […]
The project brings benefits in many areas, such as pollution reduction, noise reduction and better conditions for cycling and walking in the city. It is undoubtedly a work of general interest.


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BEIRUT, LEBANON (8:10 A.M.) – Positions of Syrian government troops have come under shellings by illegal armed groups 30 times since 9 January 2020, chief of the Russian Center for reconciliation of the conflicting sides in Syria Yury Borenkov said on Thursday.
READ ALSO: Syrian Army Reinforcements Pour Into Aleppo As Large-Scale Offensive Approaches
"Since January 9 of the current year, positions of government troops in the Idlib de-escalation zone have been attacked by illegal armed groups 30 times. Over this period, terrorist groups have staged as many as 638 shelling attacks on populated localities.
In total, 55 Syrian soldiers and 71 civilians have been killed and 94 soldiers and 149 civilians have been wounded as a result of attacks and shellings since January 9," Borenkov said.
He added that during the day officers of the Russian reconciliation center conducted three humanitarian operations and delivered a total of 2.74 tonnes of food products to the settlements of Jebab in the Daraa governorate, Qantara in the Aleppo governorate, and Hneyz al-Shimaliya in the Raqqa governorate.
The ceasefire in the Idlib de-escalation zone in the north of Syria came into effect on January 12. Government troops stopped combat operations from 2pm local time on January 9.
Four de-escalation zones were established in Syria under the agreement reached by the three Syrian ceasefire guarantor nations, namely Russia, Iran and Turkey, in May 2017.
Three of them are now controlled by Damascus while the fourth one located in the Idlib governorate and partially in the neighboring Latakia, Hama and Aleppo governorates, is still outside Damascus' control, with a larger part of it being seized by Jabhat al-Nusra (a terrorist organization banned in Russia) militants.
The Russian reconciliation center continues to fulfill assigned tasks after the completion of the military campaign in Syria.
The center's officers regularly travel around the country's liberated areas to assess the humanitarian situation.
The main efforts of the Russian military are now focused on assistance to the refugees returning to their homes and evacuation of civilians from de-escalation zones.
Source: TASS


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Saturday, August 16, 2014
Damn That Ad Service
Ugh, the place that is serving ads to the site is trying to get you to download a virus infected version of a supposed Java installer. I've disabled the ads for now. Really sorry about that.
Posted by John Zukowski at 12:02 AM
Labels: tech
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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On last night's show, I reported on Jason Kenney turning his back on his grassroots guarantee.
During last weekend's United Conservative Party (UCP) policy conference, the party's membership voted in favor of a motion mandating that public schools inform parents when their children join a gay-straight alliance club.
Despite the clear message from his party's members, Kenney announced that a UCP government would not turn this motion into law. This announcement directly contradicts the grassroots guarantee Kenney campaigned on during the UCP leadership race.
WATCH my video to see why how Kenney's now attempting to hide his grassroots guarantee, and why he and Ontario Conservative leader Doug Ford need to respect their party's membership and stand-up to the mainstream media.


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Peering toward another advanced society where an assortment of information will be better used in individuals' lives and mechanical exercises, Japan and India have ventured up their participation in the region of the computerized framework. The two nations are especially concentrating on data sharing on the advancement of the computerized framework to improve engineering configuration, as per a joint articulation as of late discharged by the Information-innovation Promotion Agency, Japan, the Japan External Trade Organization, and the Indian Software Product Industry Roundtable.
The well-structured computerized social foundation is required to assume a noteworthy job in improving the efficiencies of cultural administrations and understanding social issues in various nations, with worldwide society entering the time of the Internet of Things, or IoT, the announcement said. As an initial phase in participation, the organizations will encourage a joint report on how such a computerized framework can be used in the two nations, just as third nations incorporating.


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Floods of tears strolled down my cheeks as we laughed uncontrollably during our family game of Monopoly. The Voice finals were on that evening which I desperately wanted to watch but giving my time to the family superseded my personal desire to engage with Wil I am, Olly Murs, J Hud and the well respected Sir Tom Jones. The fact that we laughted so much (…shhhh I did cheat) was enough to compensate for my loss of TV time.
Child #4 had just been sent to jail for the fourth time; being a sore loser she was, let's say, less than pleased to be going back. Jermiah-Lee aka child #6 had just woken up and was drinking a bottle being fed to him by daddy. We were ecstatic that he had been successfully bottle feeding for the past week. His Nasal Gastric (NG tube) had been out for a full four days.
The atmosphere was great and for the first time in a long time we all felt a sense of peace, happiness and normality.
It's funny how that can all change in the twinkling of an eye. Nothing could have prepared us for what was about to happen. Jermiah-Lee started to scream because hubby had taken his bottle out of his mouth so that he could rub his back to help bring up his wind. We had been given strict feeding guidelines by his Speech and language therapist (SALT) who we respect and trust completely. So part of his feeding regime is to pace his feeds by stopping him periodically to bring up his wind. Jermiah, being a very greedy baby was less than impressed by this and started screaming quite passionately. I told hubby to put him over his shoulder and pat him in the hope that this would comfort him and stop the screaming as well as help to bring up his wind. He did stop crying and so we continued with our game. 10 seconds later his apnea monitor alarm went off. Thankfully, that morning we had been sent an apnea monitor by an amazing charity called the Nara breathing charity.
Had it not been for the monitor we would not have known that Jermiah-Lee wasn't breathing. At that point panic set in, coupled with a multitude of thoughts and the need to remain composed, why was it alarming? What was was happening?
In my panic I firmly asked hubby to give the baby to me. I looked at him and his face was turning completely blue and no sound was coming out of his mouth. He was fixed in his facial expression as though frozen in time. I started screaming and called out for some to call an ambulance. I remember shouting "Jermiah, Jermiah" and shaking him gently but nothing…
His colour continued to fade; his lips, nose, cheeks and forehead became a murky blue/grey colour and not a single sound or breath was released.
The entire room was in chaos and pandemonium. The children were screaming, I was in a state of panic and it almost felt like an out of body experience, like I was watching it all take place from afar and not physically there.
Praise be to God, I was impressed and I believe by the Holy Spirit; to refresh myself with CPR just two days before this happened. I had watched a video that I recorded when we were trained to resuscitate before Jermiah-Lee left the Neonatal unit.
I put Jermiah on the floor and raised his chin slightly. I could hear the chaos in our living room as the air was filled with the screams of my children and voices on the phone to the paramedics. My surroundings quickly blurred out as though in slow motion and I focused only on Jermiah. My attention was only on bringing my boy back, hearing him scream and feeling the warmth of his breath against my cheek.
I tore open his baby grow to see if there was any chest movement at all, it was still, I knew at that point that whatever I did next would determine whether or not my son would live or die.
I gave him two breaths followed by 30 chest compressions using two of my fingers. I then looked at him again but still nothing. I gave him 5 breaths followed by more compressions, I don't remember exactly what number I had gotten to, it could have been 13, 14…I Just don't remember, but, he made a sound. A cough perhaps or a large gulp of air in, something happened which told me that he had responded to the intervention and was finally breathing. He started to cry faintly and I just held him filled with tears and whizzing emotions. Before I knew it the paramedics had arrived and had taken over.
It was a tumultuous and highly stressful situation. Jermiah-Lee was taken to our local hospital. I remember feeling as though I was being thrown around the ambulance as the blue lights screamed through the cars and whipped around bends. All I could do was pray in my heart for Jermiah to make a full recovery so that we could bring him back home.
Jermiah spent only a few days in hospital after that. As a family we were all very shaken and traumatised by the experience. It still haunts me to this very day. It wasn't the first time Jermaih-Lee had had such a big apnea, it was in fact one of several. However, most had taken place in the hospital where trained nurses and doctors were to hand at the press of a button. I've been bounced out of the way in the past where the emergency button has been pressed and staff come running to the bedside in their dozens. Its always frightening. But, there is something far worse that you experience when an emergency happens in your own home and you have to rely only upon yourself and the knowledge and instincts that you have.
I now realise and value the benefit of knowing first aid and would encourage every parent to be trained in resuscitation. Had I not received that training and reviewed it at the time, I would be writing a very different blog post right now.
There is a lot of great information as well as paediatric first aid courses. I recommend finding the source of information that works best for you, video, reading the NHS guidelines or attending a course but definitely arm yourself with knowledge because for us, it really did save my sons life.
I have included some suggestions in the links above but I'd always recommend doing your own research and finding what works best for you.


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Depression is a serious medical illness that negatively affects how the patient feels, the way they think and how they act. It is unfortunate that it affects a large population of Americans but it can be treated.
Every once in a while everyone feels sad, but a person who is depressed experiences sadness or despair that lasts for at least two weeks or longer. The individual feels hopeless and helpless and they more than often blame others for the way they feel.
It affects people differently. Some people experience it just once in their lives but others have multiple episodes.
- Nearly 20 Million Americans (9.5%) and 350 Million People Worldwide Suffer From Some Form Of Depression.
There are many symptoms of this disorder that one should look out for. The symptoms of depression are many but they affect people in different ways.
Because of its wide scope people can get confused about it. Below are some of the symptoms of depression that someone might experience:
- Feelings of hopelessness, emptiness, sadness and tearful
- Small matters make you frustrated and irritable and often have angry out bursts
- Loss of pleasure or interest in most normal activities such as sports and hobbies
- Sleep disturbances such as too much sleep or insomnia
- Lack of energy and tiredness
- Anxiety, agitation and restlessness
- Slow thinking, body movements and speaking
- Feelings of unworthiness, guilt fixating on past failures and blaming yourself
- Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
- Frequent and recurring thoughts of death and suicide
It is worth noting not everyone that experiences depression will experience all of the above symptoms.
If you want to find out if you are depressed there are many online tests that you can take or you can go to the doctor and be screened. The doctor will want to hear about your symptoms and he will ask a series of questions. The online test will also be a series of standard questions that help evaluate your condition. Remember the online test should not be final diagnosis, you need professional help. It is advisable to make an appointment at the doctor as soon as you can.
There are different types of depressive disorder. Below are the two common types of depression.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder is known to cause shifts in the mood, thinking, behavior and energy of the patient. They experience extremely high mania and low depressions.
The cycles of manic depression last for days, weeks or even months. Unlike common mood swings, the mood changes for patients with manic depression are so intense that they interfere with their ability to function normally.
The symptoms can be subtle and sometimes confusing and thus many suffering are misdiagnosed and they suffer unnecessarily. With proper treatment and support they can live a rich fulfilling life.
Major Depression
Major Depression is also known as major depressive disorder. The persistent feeling of sadness and lack of interest characterize it.
This disorder solely focuses of the lows and negative emotions. A mental health professional will make a diagnosis depending on your behavior, feelings and symptoms.
The cause is not known but there are some factors that increase the risk of developing the condition. Genes and stress can affect the brain chemistry and hence reduce the ability to maintain mood stability.


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Product Details
DMPQ 2HCl (137206-97-4) is a potent and selective inhibitor of PDGFRβ, IC50=80 nM. Greater than 100-fold more selective compared to EGFR, erB2, p56, PKA and PKC. Cell permeable.
1) Dolle et al. (1994), Effects of xanthine derivatives on lipolysis and on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity; J. Med. Chem., 37 2627


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Getting married is one of the biggest things that can ever happen in our lives, but it's also one of the most expensive. Consider the cost per plate for guests, the decor, the photography, the dress and everything else that adds up to a lot of money spent over one day. No wonder so many people get stressed out about wedding budgeting! So naturally, people want to cut costs, but the fear is doing a wedding on a budget and ending up with something cheap. So where can we actually spend less on our wedding, and still end up with an effect our guests will never forget? Decor! Wedding decor is actually an area you can actually make cheaper choices and still have an amazing visual effect. Nowadays there are so many ways to access interesting items or even DIY them. Also, you don't have to be a super talented artist to do it. If you apply a little creativity to your big day, you can not only cut costs, but you can actually create a unique style for your big day, and maybe even end up with items you can use in your new home with your partner! So if you're wondering how you can pay a fraction of the price for wedding decor. Here are some ideas.
Mirrors when used correctly, can actually make a huge difference to how an event looks. For example, you can buy a few small mirrors and stick them to a large MDF board for a window page effect. Then you can actually dress the board with some fake greenery and then use white chalk paint to write out the seating arrangement. It's simple, and once you're done with it, you can use it in your home. Check out how DIY Youtubers, The Sorry Girls did it.
Flower Wall
Flowers walls are all the rage right now and you can buy affordable ones on Aliexpress. You can use them as a great backdrop behind the altar or even a fun photography area for your guests to have fun with. It's an easy way to bring some romance into your space without breaking the bank.
String Lights
String lights are the hero of so many frugal weddings because they are so cost effective, ands also extremely effective when it comes to creating a warm, inviting and intimate vibe on the big day. You can buy ones with big bulbs and dress them up with flowers, or you can buy the variation that is artificial flowers that have lights in them. You can string them above the dancefloor, use small ones to light up the tables, and even use them as a beautiful backdrop for a nighttime outdoor wedding. If you're having a rustic-themed wedding, string lights work perfectly. According to Silver Sycamore, a venue that specializes in barn weddings in Houston, "you can get an old-time, classic charm at rustic weddings. These elegant weddings are themed to match that style, from the decor and setting down to the photography and other elements." String lights are the icing on the cake for an event like this.
Photo Wall
Photos of you and your partner are one way to easily put a more personal stamp on your big day, and you can actually make it an eye-catching decor piece pretty easily. For example you can use tiny pegs clipped onto a thin string light and light them up for a beautiful focal point that gives guests a look into your journey as a couple.
Neon Signs
Neon signs don't have to just be for restaurant signs, nowadays they can be made to look really beautiful and funky, so if you and your partner want to bring a little edge to your event, it's a great idea. It's especially beautiful if you get a pink colored one and back it up with a fake plant wall. It's a pop of color that will bring a ton of personality to your big day.
The truth about weddings is that you want them to reflect who you and your spouse are, your unique quirks and the things you love. DIY gives you an opportunity to put your unique stamp on the day and what's even better is you can cut costs in the process. Imagine not breaking the bank, and still having an event that makes your guests gasp as soon as they walk in. Remember, you don't have to spend a small fortune to make your wedding beautiful, classy and memorable. It's as simple as getting creative, and thanks to Pinterest, you don't have to come up with ideas, you can just get inspired and make it happen.


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We called several plumbers but no one had a clue,Carlos and Lucas were excellent,they identified the problem and restored our water flow. We will recommend to everyone.
William is the best!
I'm all about customer service and Tim was great I wish more of my dealings or with people with his customer service skills
This is our 1st time using AAP and it was a great experience. Thy have incredibly fair prices and they did a complete and thorough job. We will definitely be using them again if needed!!
The workers were very polite and hustled to get the job done. We've used them many times and never had any issues.
Water heater went out, GE not an easy fix. I would call AAP in the future for plumbing needs. Honest and Reliable!
Repairing customers p-traps under bathroom sinks and pulling & resetting two toilets in Riverside, Ca
Hydro-Jetting a mainline due to roots in the line.
New commercial regulator installed
Water pressure replacement
Commercial regulator is blown out! Causing Sloan valves monthly repairs due to the high pressure
Mainline stoppage
Cleaning air gap hose
Repairing commercial toilet
Clear toilet stoppage.
Jurupa valley low water pressure to entire home,sediment through home. Serviced entire home and replaced parts that broke while servicing. All American plumbing technicians Carlos and Lucas
Mira Loma California- called out for shower valve repair upon arrival Delta cartridge stuck in valve was able to extract and install new Delta cartridge
Jurupa valley ca- called out for kitchen sink stoppage. Clean out on side of home holding, ran cable in attempt to clear and was able to clear and test, kitchen draining at this time
Called out to Mira Loma for water leak in front yard dug up grass in front of water meter to find 1" pvc line leaking at tee and rotted out ball valve cut out and replaced tee and ball valve turned water on to test back filled hole and put grass back
Installed a gas line for a repeat customer
Aap was called out to Mira Loma today to look at the Ac system in non op. Pressure tested to find evaporator coil leaking. Under warranty for builder


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Friday, November 26, 2010
The Elia Kazan Collection: Selected by Martin Scorsese
6 comments:
Wow. I really want that collection! I could do without Gentlemen's Agreement, but A Face in the Crowd, East of Eden, and A Streetcar Named Desire are three of my favs. It'd be nice to own them on something other than VHS!ReplyDelete
I saw 'A Letter to Elia' too (wrote about it on my blog - link is at my name). I liked how it was as much about Scorsese's life and career as it was Kazan's. I found it quite moving at times, to see how much Kazan's films have meant to Scorsese. I think maybe I'll watch some Kazan next week.ReplyDelete
Great review--interesting point about the different studios; & glue dots--who knew? & good job by Carlos!ReplyDelete
Excellent! I had the pleasure of viewing the restored prints used for this set for four of these films recently (Wild River, Viva Zapata!, A Gentlemen's Agreement, and A Tree Grows in Brooklyn), and was simply blown away. This set really is a treasure. Congrats on your acquisition!ReplyDelete
Great job!!! I never saw any of the movies but I will check them out. Great description of the boxed set you bought!ReplyDelete
Hi Raquelle!ReplyDelete
A big thank you from France for your lovable review. I enjoyed it. I hope the book will be translated in French and available separetely, I already own all the french DVDs. Like you, "East of Eden" is not my favorite movie of Kazan. Two of my faves are not in the box set: "The Arrangement" and "The Visitors" (or I didn't listen to you very well). I hope you already have them.
I'll stop by your blog regularly since I think it's neat, entertaining and since I'm very found of classic movies.
Leave me a comment! If it is a long one, make sure you save a draft of it elsewhere just in case Google gobbles it up and spits it out.
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You searched for: Content Type Policy Brief Remove constraint Content Type: Policy Brief Publishing Institution United States Institute of Peace Remove constraint Publishing Institution: United States Institute of Peace Political Geography Iraq Remove constraint Political Geography: Iraq Topic Government Remove constraint Topic: Government
1 - 5 of 5
Search Results
- Author: Sean Kane
- Publication Date: 06-2010
- Content Type: Policy Brief
- Institution: United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract: The institution of Iraq's prime minister has evolved since the previous national government was formed in 2006. The success of incumbent Prime Minister Nuri Al-Maliki in building an independent power base around the office and the diminishing U.S. presence in Iraq have transformed the perception and stature of Iraq's chief executive. This evolution of the position helps to explain why negotiations over the government's formation have struggled to move beyond the top post to discuss other assignments and the new government's agenda. The talks are not just about agreeing on a prime minister in the context of inconclusive, close election results, and competing regional influences; these talks are trying to define the role of the premiership and possible checks on its power. Understanding the debate on possible checks and balances is important because of its potential ramifications for Iraq's democratic experiment, and also because agreement on this issue might pave the way for the nomination of a prime minister.
- Topic: Government
- Political Geography: United States, Iraq
- Author: Elizabeth Detwiler
- Publication Date: 07-2008
- Content Type: Policy Brief
- Institution: United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract: This USIPeace Briefing, summarizing remarks from a former commander for detainee operations in Iraq, discusses recent successes in improving the conditions of insurgent detainees in the country.
- Topic: Government, War
- Political Geography: United States, Iraq, Middle East
- Author: Jason Gluck
- Publication Date: 03-2008
- Content Type: Policy Brief
- Institution: United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract: On February 13, 2008 the Iraqi parliament simultaneously passed a law that sets forth the relationship between the central and provincial governments, an amnesty law and the 2008 national budget. The passage of these laws was the result of months of negotiation and last-minute substantive and procedural compromises that could portend a shift away from merely ethnic and sectarian-based alliances to inter-ethnic and sectarian issue-based politics. At the same time, Iraqi lawmakers may have discovered a strategy of simultaneous consideration of multiple matters that could increase the likelihood of consensus and resolution—a sharp contrast to what has until now been an issue-by-issue approach that has often resulted in impasses and political gridlock.
- Topic: Development, Government, Treaties and Agreements
- Political Geography: Iraq, Middle East
- Author: Robert Perito
- Publication Date: 03-2008
- Content Type: Policy Brief
- Institution: United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract: In January 2007, President Bush announced that the U.S. would double the number of Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) in Iraq as part of his plan for a "New Way Forward." PRTs are small, civilian-military units that assist provincial and local governments to govern more effectively and deliver essential services. These new PRTs would be embedded with Brigade (Army) and Regimental (Marine) Combat Teams (B/RCTs) participating in the "surge" of U.S. forces into Baghdad, Anbar and Erbil provinces. The new ePRTs would begin as four person interagency teams, but would expand to include civilian experts in a broad range of specialties. These new PRTs were staffed with Defense Department civilians and members of the National Guard and Army Reserve until funds became available to the State Department to hire civilian contractors. The process of deploying civilian experts is now underway, but the B/RCTs to which they are being assigned will return to the United States by August 2008.
- Topic: Development, Government, International Cooperation
- Political Geography: United States, Iraq, Middle East, Baghdad
- Author: Mona Iman
- Publication Date: 10-2005
- Content Type: Policy Brief
- Institution: United States Institute of Peace
- Abstract: While the outcome of Iraq's October 15 national referendum is uncertain, it is clear that many of Iraq's Sunni Arabs will vote against it. Why are Sunni Arabs opposed to a constitution that appears to give them the same opportunities for self-governance that it provides to Kurds and Shia?
- Topic: International Relations, Government, Religion
- Political Geography: Iraq, Middle East


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Republished from The Age. Monday 23 March 2015 - Adam Courtenay
If you are in your 50s and 60s and trying to sell your small business, join the ever-lengthening queue. Never before have so many tried to sell so many nest eggs at such short notice.
There are a record 41,200 businesses for sale across Australia as at October 2014, the BizExchange Index shows; a 23 per cent rise on the preceding quarter.
Many point the finger at one group: ageing business owners. There's an oversupply of desperate "seniorpreneurs" flooding the market with the nest egg they created and nurtured over 30 years.
Retirement is the overwhelming reason for selling businesses.


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The Amity Affliction have released a full stream of their brand new album Let the Ocean Take Me. You can check it out courtesy of Alternative Press right here.
The band will officially release Let the Ocean Take Me on June 10, 2014 via RoadRunner Records. It is the follow up to their 2012 full-length, Chasing Ghosts, also released through Roadrunner.


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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.
- adjective Relating to or exhibiting approximately 24-hour periodicity.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- adjective biology of, relating to, or showing
rhythmicbehaviour with a periodof 24 hours; especially of a biologicalprocess
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- adjective of or relating to biological processes occurring at 24-hour intervals
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
The term circadian rhythms refers to biological cycles that repeat about every twenty-four hours.
The term circadian rhythms refers to biological cycles that repeat about every twenty-four hours.
So I think clearly what we call circadian rhythms, these oscillating clocks within the body, within cells in the body, clearly exist.
"Circadian rhythms are the outward manifestation of an internal timing system which is driven by several genetic elements, what we call circadian clock genes."
There is also the change in circadian rythmns, as I go from being a gainfully employed American to a retired one.
The word circadian is derived from the Latin circa diem or about a day and refers to the mysterious twenty-four-hour rhythms which control all brain outputs-behavioral, autonomic or neuro-endocrine-of all animals or humans who live on Earth with its twenty-four-hour alternation of light and darkness.
Sleep patterns in children and adults follow what is known as the circadian rhythm, which determines how easily we fall asleep, stay asleep, wake up in the morning and maintain a level of alertness during the day.
Your body's clock, or body clock, is the time-keeping system inside you that controls your natural 24-hour sleep and wake cycle also known as your circadian rhythms.
Hyungsoo Kim: Is It Possible To Re-Set Your Biological Clock?
It is called a circadian rhythm and if it is out of sync you get that feeling of being "so tired but I can't sleep" or you fall asleep at 6 p.m. on the couch, wake at 2 a.m. and wonder what happened.
Dr. Michael J. Breus: Sleep Rituals: Training The Body And The Mind
Negative consequencesTeenager's biological rhythms - often referred to as their circadian rhythms - favor later bedtimes and later wake-up times.


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Popcorn is a great partner for wine or beer. Salty or sweet caramel coated, any flavour of popcorn works well because it simply doesn't detract from the complexity of your drink.
Wine and popcorn
Plain popcorn works best with a Chenin Blanc or Chardonnay, this low calorie snack provides a creaminess that works in harmony with a cold glass of wine, without overwhelming it.
Salted or savoury popcorn will accompany a crisp Sauvignon Blanc mellifluously, in fact, this timeless match of salty and sharp acidity is replicated the food world over… just think salt and vinegar crisps.
Sweet popcorn and rose, is there a better combination? The ripe fruity flavours of your favourite rose are complemented and mirrored beautifully with a mouthful of sweet popcorn.
Beer and popcorn
A winner's combination. These two go great together, so take the time to find out your favourite pairing. For us, we love contrasting flavours - a light beer with a salty, savoury popcorn, or a dark hoppy beer with a sweet salted caramel.
And if you haven't tried a bourbon and sweet popcorn, you haven't lived.
Chocolate and alcohol, two things that make the world go round. However they can be a tricky pairing to pull off, so a simple rule of thumb to follow can be to match lighter chocolate with lighter bodied drinks.
Matching the flavours of each specific element can be tough, but hey, if it means tasting more chocolate (or alcohol) to ensure you've got it sorted, what's wrong with that?
To help you out, we have taken the time to select our chocolates to ensure the ultimate flavour combination, regardless of what's in your glass.
Wine and chocolate
But which type of chocolate goes with which type of wine?
White chocolate.
White chocolate has a creamy, gentle flavour that is light and fresh. Pair it with a Riesling, a Rose or a dessert wine such as Sauternes or Moscato.
Milk chocolate.
Milk chocolate works well with slightly stronger white wines like Viognier, Sparkling Wine or Pinot Gris - a little touch of body brings out the milk chocolate flavour notes sublimely.
Dark chocolate.
Dark chocolate and rich red wine have gone together for eons. For a strong full bodied, bittersweet chocolate, choose an intense Cabernet Sauvignon for a powerful partner.
Beer and chocolate
Whilst chocolate might seem like the ultimate pairing with wine, we'll let you in on a secret - chocolate and beer work equally well too, providing some amazing and wholly unexpected flavour combinations.
A rich, high percentage dark chocolate complements stout superbly.
A salted chocolate and IPA can go toe to toe.
Milk chocolate and lager just works.
Alcohol and nuts have been the bartender's choice since time immemorial. Wine, cocktails or beer, there's something about the natural marriage of alcohol and nuts that just brings out the best in each other. Maybe it's a texture thing, maybe it's more scientific. The point is, they work well, and salty, plain or sweet, we have a nut that will go with your preferred tipple.


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We know that you and your wife are able to distribute needed eye glasses and school supplies to those who need them. We arrive in November. Are there supplies which you would recommend bringing?
School Supplies
by ZihuaRob , Zihuatanejo, México, Monday, August 12, 2019, 18:01 (411 days ago) @ doboinCanada
This list on the page linked below is from a couple of years ago, but I doubt there have been any changes of consequence. I can't find the current year's list. I prefer to BUY AMERICAN meaning things made anywhere from Tierra del Fuego to the Northern Territories (and NOT China). If you don't feel like carrying supplies with you then you can buy them here or leave money to buy things with Lupita and she'll get what she know the kids need.
Utiles Escolares (School Supplies) - The page translator can help you if you don't understand Spanish.
School Supplies
by ZihuaRx , Monday, August 12, 2019, 22:38 (411 days ago) @ doboinCanada
We buy the supplies while we are down there. There is a little shop right beside the school near the museum, not far from Rob's shop. There has always been a really helpful person behind the counter and we have been lucky enough that a young student usually shows up to help us. It really does turn into a lot of fun. Also, if you search the archives.... I got a list of supplies that Rob sent Grumpy from Cowichan....I think. I hope you have a great trip.
School Supplies
by Grumpy in Lake Cowichan , Vancouver Island B.C Canada, Wednesday, August 14, 2019, 00:36 (410 days ago) @ ZihuaRx
We go to that school supply store in the alley behind the school every year and show them the list and they put any packages you want together. You can have a drink at any of the restaurants on the beach at Playa Principal while they put it together and then head back and pick it up. Then take a short stroll to Lupitas and drop it off. Couldn't be any easier and everyone wins.


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It's been 17 months since Lamar Odom's near-fatal overdose in a Las Vegas brothel, and he's opening up in a new interview with Us Weekly in which he discusses the day of his OD, his failed marriage, and his drug use.
Of his overdose, he says, "I remember lying in bed. Two women were in bed and then I fell asleep. That's all. When I woke up four days later, I was trying to pull the tubes out of my mouth."
He says he was doing cocaine most of the time he was married to Khloe Kardashian, who suspected his drug use but only caught him in the act several years into the marriage. "She knew I was doing cocaine the whole time after that. It was my drug of choice," he says. "I'm not going to say she accepted it because that would be the wrong word. Tolerated would be a better word."
And Lamar says the one regret he has was cheating on Khloe: "[I] was having multiple affairs with different women. That wasn't the stand-up thing to do. I wish I could have kept my d--- in my pants."
See the full interview at Us Weekly.


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Your lawn is an extension of your property, and good lawn care is essential to protecting your investment while also making your house feel more like a home. A shoddy lawn can make even the most luxurious home look outdated and run down, significantly lowering its value. An unkempt or barren lawn can also make your home seem less inviting to your guests.
On the other hand, a beautiful, lush green lawn can make even the smallest and most modest property feel positively regal. Forget about the red carpet — roll out the green carpet for your guests.
You don't have to sweat it out in your yard every weekend to get these results. Hire Untouchable Landscapes for your home's lawn care, and we'll help you achieve a healthy, vibrant lawn that will increase your home's curb appeal and wow your guests. Our team has been helping to transform the lawns of residents in Garner, Raleigh, Cary, Morrisville, Wake Forest and Durham for more than a decade. Let us show you how beautiful your home can look!
We offer the following services to make your lawn look great:
Mowing – Regular mowing is the foundation of good lawn care. Let us help you develop a monthly program for mowing to keep your grass trimmed and to foster fresh growth.
We can provide striping, as desired, to give your yard the "baseball field look." We also include blowing and edging with all mowing jobs. Others provide this as an add-on service, but we feel it is essential to complete the job, so we always include it.
Aeration and Overseeding – Over time, your soil can become compact, causing it to be less efficient at draining water. Aeration can help to improve the drainage in your lawn, as well as to create a more healthy foundation for new seeding.
In the fall months, we will aerate and overseed your lawn to provide it with nutrients and the additional seed that may be needed after an intense growing season.
New Lawns – Whether you are building your home from scratch or you just need to start over with your lawn, we can help you build an entirely new lawn the right way. Options include sod installation or new seeding. We will prep the area to give your new lawn the best start, and we will provide the lawn care needed to help it grow into a lush and healthy carpet of green.
Weeding – Don't let weeds ruin your beautiful lawn! We offer weed control options to provide your lawn with what it needs to look its best. We utilize a variety of professional products to get long-lasting results, including organic options and those that are safe for pets and children.
Fertilizing – Regular fertilization is a critical component of any lawn care program. Your grass needs consistent nourishment to grow strong and look its best.
Before we develop a plan for fertilizing your lawn, we conduct a soil analysis to help us determine how much fertilizer your lawn needs and when. We develop a custom plan to support the specific type of grass in your lawn and to meet your specific landscaping goals.
Pruning – Pruning will not only keep your landscaping under control, it will also encourage lush new growth by stimulating the plant being pruned. We can include regular pruning in your routine lawn care program, or we can make a special visit to tend your plants.


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There are lots of people that are ready to explore new places but they do not have the funds to do. You will be surprised to find out that some places will pay you to move to their country. Although some places have some prerequisites that you will need to meet, most of the countries offer a great chance to explore a new culture and lifestyle. Some cities are ready to pay you to live there because of the declining or slow population growth. Some countries can lower your bills and taxes once you make the move while some provide financial incentives for startup companies. Some of the top countries to visit are listed below.
This country is a great place to go for entrepreneurs. There is a program known as Startup Chile which will help you to start your business abroad. The program will also provide you with 50K Chilean equity-free funding and about 100K in perks that will support you, you will also get a one-year work visa with a strong mentors and advisors community to help you with your new business life. The program will not provide housing but it will link you with lots of people that can help you get a place to live and all that you will need to grow internationally. You should know that you will have to reapply for a visa after a year.


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Jagannath means the 'Lord of the Universe'. A form of Vishnu, He is part of a triad along with his brother Balabhadra and sister Subhadra. Their famous temple is situated at Puri in Odisha. 'Rath Yatra' is a world famous event when Lord Jagannath goes to Mausimaa Temple. Millions of devotees gather in Puri for this occasion.
Beautifully carved in pure 24kt Gold foil, these divine images have been placed aesthetically in a mini rosewood frame with carvings which adds beauty and splendour to the place.
It also comes with a certification of purity of Gold foil and lifetime non-tarnishing guarantee.


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'It doesn't take a lot to give back a little': How a Newfoundland community's soccer tournament helped make a difference for MSF
By Alexandra Sirois
This past fall, Karina Zavala, a soccer coach from St John's, Newfoundland, took to the pitch to raise funds for Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). By hosting a soccer tournament at her local athletic club, Karina brought her community together and in doing so developed a better understanding of the difference she was making at both home and abroad.
Karina's first experience raising funds for MSF was in 2015 as a participant in Walk Without Borders, a month long challenge to raise funds for and walk in solidarity with MSF patients around the world. "I got an email from MSF about the walk challenge, and being the sportive person I am, I decided to take the challenge and set my goal for running a distance of 250 kilometres in one month," recalls Karina. This ambitious goal proved to be a difficult one to reach however, and in the process Karina ended up damaging her Achilles tendon.
This year, still wanting to support MSF, Karina came up with a new fundraising idea. "I had to come up with a new way to raise money that did not involve running or walking too many kilometres," she says. "Since I coach and play soccer, I decided to hold a six-on-six soccer tournament for both women and men. I asked the Feildians Club, where I work, if I could use their grounds to hold the tournaments on a weekend, and they agreed and gave it to me free of charge."
The women's tournament was held first, and despite stormy weather, five teams showed up to play. "We were totally drenched but we continued to play until the field was impossible to run in," said Karina. "It was great to see all the women showing their support that day."
Finding personal connections to MSF's work
Taking place at the same time as Hurricane Matthew, a category five hurricane that caused extensive damage particularly in Haiti this past October, Karina's fundraiser resonated with many in her community. "Newfoundland is an island, and in the last years we've had multiple hurricanes our way. Because of this I was able to get a lot more support as it reminded people that disaster can also happen closer to home."
The men's tournament was held the following week, and it was during this time that Karina encountered a player who reminded her of the impact she was making abroad. After the tournament, a player on the Feildians Intermediate Team approached Karina holding a Syrian flag. Being from Aleppo, he came to thank Karina for her efforts. "He told me that fortunately for his family they have all fled, but there are many still left behind. He also said that MSF is present back in Syria, and that he is very grateful for all the work MSF does there," she says. "At that moment I got confirmation of how important this fundraiser was to me and how it was making a difference."
With the help of the participating teams, who each raised $200, Karina's fundraiser brought in an impressive $2,500. "Sometimes there is a calling in everyone to help out, to reach out, even though you might not know exactly when or how to help," she says. "Since I started fundraising for MSF, I realized that you don't need a lot of money or a lot of resources to help — or, most importantly, to give back a little!"


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Whilst most people love to have a day out of the house, planning a trip can be much more difficult when you have to take accessibility into consideration. However, this doesn't need to be a reason shy away from an experience that should be enjoyed by everyone, and following these simple tips can help to ensure that your day out goes as smoothly as possible.
Firstly, you have to decide where you'd like to go. There are plenty of resources online that list great days out that can be enjoyed by people with limited mobility or the need for wheelchair accessible facilities. If you've decided on a specific place that you'd like to visit, it might be worth looking for mentions of accessibility on their website or on review websites like TripAdvisor.
Once you've chosen where you're going to go, you should also consider how long you'll be staying out for. If you suffer from limited mobility, you might want to consider hiring a wheelchair if it'll allow you to enjoy your day out for longer.
At Snowdrop Independent Living we have wheelchairs that are available for you to hire from £25 per week! We also sell wheelchair power packs in our stores that can take away all the hard work of using a wheelchair all day!
Click here to view our rental options.


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Written by Ryan La Sala
Published by Sourcebooks Fire, December 3rd, 2019
My star rating – 3.5 stars
All Kane Montgomery knows for certain is that the police found him half-dead in the river. He can't remember how he got there, what happened after, and why his life seems so different now. And it's not just Kane who's different, the world feels off, reality itself seems different.
As Kane pieces together clues, three almost-strangers claim to be his friends and the only people who can truly tell him what's going on. But as he and the others are dragged into unimaginable worlds that materialize out of nowhere—the gym warps into a subterranean temple, a historical home nearby blooms into a Victorian romance rife with scandal and sorcery—Kane realizes that nothing in his life is an accident. And when a sinister force threatens to alter reality for good, they will have to do everything they can to stop it before it unravels everything they know. This wildly imaginative debut explores what happens when the secret worlds that people hide within themselves come to light. Find it on Goodreads
I love a book that doesn't quite fit into a genre…. let me explain. It's contemporary with a fantasy element. Or is is fantasy with contemporary elements? I think it's a bit of both. But either way you look at it, this book takes the real world and seamlessly melds it with worlds that have demons, heroes, cave walls, and so much more! There's mystery, suspense, dream travel, lost memories, an evil drag queen (yes I said evil drag queen), and great relationships along the way.
The world building was unique and so well done! Especially when you're dealing with a book that transitions quickly between reality and fantasy, I can only imagine how difficult that would be to write. But here, it was so well done! I've read some books where the transition was done at the snap of the fingers – one minute you're in reality and then the next minute you're somewhere else wondering what just happened, where you are, and confusion sets in. Here you saw the whole transition. Little warbles and changes built reality into something else entirely and we saw the transition from the eyes of the characters. The atmosphere was equally as wonderful! Ominous, mysterious, tense, scary….. you felt it all! The world building and the characters emotions were a perfectly balanced mirror.
This book was refreshing in so many ways! First of all – relationships! The main character had a great relationship with his sister and mother….. rare! There's usually some sort of discord with the family or a family member is dead (I hate that!) but none of that happens here! There's love and communication…. and it was wonderful! There is also a really great friend group! It was made a little complicated though since Kane didn't have his memories and couldn't even remember being friends with them. He was unsure if their relationship was real or imagined, and also wondered if he could trust them.
My favourite part of the story though – I LOVED how comfortably gay this book was!!! I often struggle to explain myself so if I say anything that offends PLEASE let me know as it's not my intention. It was so refreshing to have a character just be gay. He was loud, proud, and confident in who he was. There's nothing wrong with a book about someone discovering their sexuality BUT it was so nice to have a character just BE. That's who he was. He was supported by everyone in his circle and didn't need to worry about explaining himself. His family and fiends were also comfortable enough to make jokes about stereotypes. There was a passage in the book where the sister was asking if he ate breakfast and he said he had Pop Tarts. The sister asked him if that was something like cannibalism…… I almost died!!! Also, as soon as it was announced that a character was a drag queen, the pronoun "she" was used exclusively. What a concept! As a straight girl, reading a book where a character is unsure of how to identify and the pronouns are flopped back and forth, is confusing!!! It was so nice to have characters be who they were, not have to explain or defend themselves, and be identified as such with no problems. AMAZING!!!!!
As much as I liked this book, it wasn't without its faults. Problem is – I can't figure it out! You know how you read a book and something just felt like it was missing? That's what happened here. It was structurally sound but for some reason I didn't connect to it the way that I wanted to. Maybe it was something missing with the characters? The pace seemed to drop off in the middle so maybe that's why? I can't explain it! I think that this was a bit of a case where I enjoyed all the elements of the story but there was something missing within the execution. Keep in mind though – this is only a debut! Things are rarely perfect with the first book. So I absolutely plan to read more from this author!!
If you're interested in this book (as you should be!) click HERE for the cover reveal and excerpt from the book!!!
Until next time, happy reading!


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On Thursday we organised a second visit to the National Memorial Arboretum. Since our first trip there were many new memorials to see. Perhaps the most moving was the one from Sapper Support, a charity focused on PTSD, with the sculpture shown above.
Our enjoyment of the day was enhanced by the plentiful sights of nature with terns flying over the River Tame, the nesting coots and Great-Crested Grebes, demoiselle damsel flies in abundance and the Poppy Field in full bloom.
Previously, on Monday, we had a stand at Chesterfield Royal Hospital, with the dual aim of raising awareness of the early signs of head and neck cancer and fundraising for our group. As always there were many interesting conversations.


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ROANOKE, Va. – Localities around our area are taking another look at their security policies for events following the shooting in Las Vegas.
We're hearing from officials in the Star City and a private security contractor about how they hope to keep people safe at outdoor events moving forward.
When gunfire erupted in Las Vegas, professional security officer Rex Crockett says first responders were experiencing a situation they had never seen before.
"There's really no way that you could have prepared for something like that, because it's a new thing. It definitely sounded like a belt-fed weapon, and that's something that hasn't been used yet," Crockett said, who works for the company Executive Security Concepts.
Crockett said, after an event like this, where more than 50 were killed and more than 500 injured, law enforcement try to learn what they can.
"I would imagine at big events like that in the future, law enforcement may have their own snipers on upper buildings scanning windows and watching, but this is a whole new situation. It's something new that hasn't happened before," Crockett said.
What was also new for responders to the scene outside the Mandalay Bay hotel was how many people were trying to escape. Roanoke Emergency Management Battalion Chief Marci Stone says, there are lessons there as well.
"We noticed that they had bicycle racks or fencing around the perimeters. We have a plan in place that we would quickly move those racks out of the way to allow people to egress in a large pile or a large group of people," Stone said.
But Crockett says there are things all of us can do to help prevent another disaster in the future.
"People are going to have to get more involved. Everyone's going to have to get security-conscious. There's a thing in the military, if you see something report something. Police, law enforcement, security, firefighters, we've all got eyes on, but we don't have enough eyes," Crockett said.
And if you find yourself in that situation, Stone says be as prepared as possible with the knowledge of what to do.
"You may be the initial first responder at the scene. You need to know basic first aid, basic CPR and how you would respond and assist your friend or your family member, the person that you came to the event with, or just a stranger," Stone said.
Potentially saving a life or even getting someone the medical help they need quickly in an emergency.
Stone says, another important thing to remember is that in an emergency, cell service can often become unavailable with so many people trying to call. That's why she says you should have a text group set up beforehand that you can send a quick message to in an emergency.


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10pm Update...
New model guidance is out... Not many changes from this afternoon...although confidence is increasing that we will see some accumuating snow. 1.41 is the mean from SREF Model Output. - Which goes along with the forecast from The NWS. Would not be surprised to see a Winter Weather Advisory out before morning drive Monday. We will see.
Watching another system bring another chance for light snow to middle Tennessee beginning Monday afternoon in to Tuesday morning. The higher amounts will be in the usual snow favored regions of the Upper Cumberland and Plateau. Not good agreement again on how much snow we will get…but the average is just under 1 ½ inches for the Nashville area as of this afternoon. This number has been trending up over the past 3 model runs. So there may yet be a winter weather advisory issued later tonight for the area for this potential.
Regional totals:
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
248 PM CST Sun Jan 14 2018
Maury-Marshall-Rutherford-Cannon-De Kalb-White-Cumberland-Bedford-
Coffee-Warren-Grundy-Van Buren-Wayne-Lawrence-Giles-
Including the cities of Dover, Clarksville, Springfield,
Hendersonville, Gallatin, Goodlettsville, Lafayette, Celina,
Byrdstown, Erin, Waverly, New Johnsonville, McEwen, Dickson,
Ashland City, Kingston Springs, Nashville, Lebanon, Mount Juliet,
Hartsville, Carthage, South Carthage, Gordonsville, Gainesboro,
Cookeville, Livingston, Jamestown, Allardt, Linden, Lobelville,
Centerville, Hohenwald, Franklin, Brentwood, Columbia, Lewisburg,
Murfreesboro, Smyrna, La Vergne, Woodbury, Smithville, Sparta,
Crossville, Shelbyville, Tullahoma, Manchester, McMinnville,
Altamont, Coalmont, Spencer, Clifton, Waynesboro, Lawrenceburg,
and Pulaski
248 PM CST Sun Jan 14 2018
Snow accumulations are likely once again for all of Middle
Tennessee Monday night and Tuesday. Snowfall totals are expected
to range from one half inch to 2 inches, with the higher totals on
the Cumberland Plateau.
While there could be a mix of snow and rain for a couple hours in
areas northwest of metro Nashville late Monday afternoon, the
changeover to all snow is expected to happen quickly for everyone
after sunset Monday.
Snows will continue throughout the day Tuesday, so while
accumulation are not expected to be more than one and a half
inches west of the Cumberland Plateau, both the morning and
afternoon commutes could be slick ones.
Please stay tuned to your local media outlets and future NWS
Nashville forecasts for the latest on this next round of snowfall
for Middle Tennessee.


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Wednesday, September 20, 2017
Meet Recap
The Varsity Tennis team edged out Bremen 3-2 last night to wrap up their NIC crossover play. Phillip Stutzman, Zach Pelletier, and the doubles team of Adam Moon and Adam Delks won their matches in straight sets.
The team is now 10-8 and finishes its NIC season with a record of 7-3. The Sectional draw will be Monday night and the team will begin play on Wednesday. Be sure to tune in to BBSN Monday for a press conference with the team's four seniors.
Varsity Results
1S Carter Filchak B def Michael Beveridge 6-4 6-2
2S Philip Stutzman C def Mark Bahr 6-2 6-2
3S Zack Pelletier C def Brett Yelaska 6-2 7-5
1D Jake Strehler/ Bryce Sterling B def Jared Reid / Dane Frieden 5-7 6-3 6-1
2D Adam Moon / Adam Delks C def Brian Cruz /Jordan Thornton 6-3 6-0
JV Winners
Abe Hill
Will Bryant
Ben Honick
Nathan Brekke / Nathan Lindholm
Alexx Dreamer / Josh Reid