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Most homes have first aid kits full of different medicines and band-aids. I think we often are so ready to slap a chemical or medication on to a boo-boo that we are not even aware of what we are using. Two moms who are also licensed naturopathic physicians decided it was time to have kits that were a little safer, and easy to use. NaturoKits contains all of naturopathic medicine you would need in an easy to use little kit. Each NaturoKit comes with detailed instructions on what each item in the kit can be used for. We got the Basic First-Aid NaturoKit. This kit is great for lots of first aid situations – bumps, bruises, burns, bites, stings, cuts, etc. After having it for only a week, I realized how much I was grabbing for it and now carry it in my diaper bag.
The Basic First Aid NaturoKit™ includes:
• nine naturopathic remedies
• a zippered canvas bag
• full instructions for use
• a detailed description of each remedy
• an alphabetical list of conditions to reference when you're in a hurry.
Some of the simplest and gentlest remedies are very effective in first aid situations. Included in this kit are flower essences, homeopathic remedies, botanical (herbal) medicines, and dietary supplements. These remedies can be used for children over one year of age to adults. For children under one year of age, consult with a health care practitioner. Even pets respond very well to these natural remedies. Our Basic First Aid NaturoKit™ has been created to give you the confidence, resources, information, and tools that you need to manage minor injuries on your own and to use in the case of emergencies while appropriate medical care is being sought.
Because of a major stomach bug that went through our home, I had a nice little sample of the Activated Charcoal which helped with my week-long nausea. When my daughter skinned her knee, I cleaned it with the Calendula Succus and then applied the Wild Weed Salve. She was enthralled and you know what? Her knee looked better overnight. You can buy most of the remedies available in the kit separately if you need to refill http://naturokits.com/remedies.html#activated. This is so convenient as you may got through one item more than another. I cannot wait to try the Crisis Calm, as I think I could drink the whole bottle on some days. These kits do not include bandages etc., but they have everything you need to handle those situations that always seem to pop up in a home with children.


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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first syracuse.com user to add photos or videos of Richard D Hamling Litt Lmhc
Q: How would you compare this provider to others in his/her field that you have visited?
A: There is no comparison!
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A: Absolutely! I knew I was being cared for by an expert!
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Dr Richard Hamling, D.Litt, LMHC practices as a Counselor in Canandaigua, NY.
Dr Hamling has more than 40 years clinical practice in private practice, hospital and clinic care emphasizing personal growth, emotional and relational well-being.
Personal And Relationship Issues, Personal Growth Issues, Mental Health Counseling, Licensed Mental Health Counselor

subset: commoncrawl


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Do you want to book your place at L'Antica Rupe or share your suggestion with us? Write us!
The restaurant is located in the historical center of the city, in a strategic point:
- it can be easily reached by car, without entering the ZTL area
- with the possibility of parking in the vicinity: either in the surrounding blue strips, or in a large covered municipal parking for a fee less than 100 meters from the local
- on foot you can easily reach the main tourist attraction sites: Duomo (0,49 Km – 5 min), St. Patrick's Well (0,54 km – 6 min)
- Vicolo S.Antonio, 2/A – Orvieto 05018 (Tr) Italy
- 0763-343063
- email@example.com


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Contributed by City of Portland - Planning & Development
- Item 75995
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Factory - Cemetery Memorials at 653 Stevens Avenue in Deering, Portland, was owned by The George W. Leighton Company in 1924.
About This Item
- Address: 653 Stevens Avenue, Portland, 1924
- Neighborhood: Deering
- 1924 Owner: The George W. Leighton Company
- Use: Factory - Cemetery Memorials
- Creation Date: 1924
- Subject Date: 1924
- Town: Portland
- County: Cumberland
- State: ME
- Media: Photographic print, ink on paper.
- Dimensions: 35.56 cm x 9.84 cm
- Local Code: Block 144C Lot 1 Book 70 Page 2
- Object Type: Text and Image
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- Buildings--Maine--Portland
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For more information about this item, contact:City of Portland - Planning & Development
389 Congress Street, Portland, ME 04101
(207) 756-8023
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. No Permission is required to use the low-resolution watermarked image for educational use, or as allowed by the applicable copyright. For all other uses, permission is required.
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The majority of assets owned by insurers are invested in investment grade fixed income. In search of a way to achieve more capital-efficient returns, diversification and illiquidity premiums, insurers often turn to high yield markets and alternative asset classes. But we argue factor investing in corporate bonds is an attractive alternative approach to generating capital-efficient returns.
Insurance companies are significant investors in credits and hold capital buffers to protect their portfolios against negative events. Insurers are also always looking for the best way to diversify their investments and to enhance their return on insurance capital.
Factor-based credit strategies provide an attractive alternative to traditional, fundamental, research-based credit strategies for insurers. Their differentiated investment style and their ability to utilize a broader investment universe explain why factor strategies provide an important source of diversification relative to the fundamentally managed portfolios of insurers.
A multi-factor credit strategy uses a highly systematic method to construct the portfolio, taking into account multiple quantitative factors and neutralizing the portfolio's exposures in terms of interest rate duration and credit beta. Meanwhile, fundamental strategies typically follow only one style, often carry or value, and regularly take duration and/or beta bets.
In terms of the investment universe, a factor-based strategy can efficiently invest in all companies and bonds, irrespective of their size. Fundamental managers inevitably have to focus on a smaller subset, given their limited resources for analyzing issuers. Generally, this subset consists of the larger, more liquid names and their more recently issued bonds.
Because of these differences, while the realized returns of most fundamental strategies tend to be positively correlated, the realized returns of our factor strategies are negatively correlated with those of their fundamental peers. Adding a factor strategy to a portfolio of fundamentally managed credit strategies therefore strongly improves diversification.
Importantly, by systematically harvesting factor premiums, factor strategies can be expected to deliver both a higher risk-adjusted return and a higher return on capital than passive credit portfolios. Numerous academic studies on various asset classes, including stocks and bonds, have shown that factor portfolios deliver superior risk-adjusted returns over a full investment cycle, compared to a portfolio that passively tracks the market index.
Moreover, explicitly integrating insurance capital requirements into factor credit strategies can further enhance the return on capital. In our research, we found a strong positive correlation between the Solvency Capital Ratio and credit volatility. Therefore, a factor portfolio not only generates a higher return to volatility ratio (i.e. Sharpe ratio) than the market, but also a higher return to capital ratio.
By tilting a portfolio towards bonds that score well with regard to factors, and avoiding bonds that have poor factor scores, investors can therefore construct a portfolio that generates a higher risk-adjusted return and a higher return on capital than a portfolio that passively tracks the market.
Robeco's multi-factor credit strategies offer exposure to the low-risk, quality, value, momentum and size factors. We apply enhanced definitions for each factor. Compared to more generic factor definitions, such as those typically used in academic research, these enhanced definitions lead to higher risk-adjusted returns. Our strategies also explicitly take liquidity, transaction costs and turnover into account, and construct well-diversified portfolios with a better sustainability profile than the index. They therefore offer more realistic expectations for attainable improvements in the return-on-capital ratio.
Ultimately, our factor credit strategies provide a cost-efficient building block for insurers. These strategies can also be tailored to address specific requirements, for example when insurers wish to match a liability cashflow stream or aim for a certain level of income from a low-turnover buy-and-maintain credit portfolio.
This report is not available for users from countries where the offering of foreign financial services is not permitted, such as US Persons.
Your details are not shared with third parties. This information is exclusively intended for professional investors. All requests are checked.
The content displayed on this website is exclusively directed at qualified investors, as defined in the swiss collective investment schemes act of 23 june 2006 ("cisa") and its implementing ordinance, or at "independent asset managers" which meet additional requirements as set out below. Qualified investors are in particular regulated financial intermediaries such as banks, securities dealers, fund management companies and asset managers of collective investment schemes and central banks, regulated insurance companies, public entities and retirement benefits institutions with professional treasury or companies with professional treasury.
The contents, however, are not intended for non-qualified investors. By clicking "I agree" below, you confirm and acknowledge that you act in your capacity as qualified investor pursuant to CISA or as an "independent asset manager" who meets the additional requirements set out hereafter. In the event that you are an "independent asset manager" who meets all the requirements set out in Art. 3 para. 2 let. c) CISA in conjunction with Art. 3 CISO, by clicking "I Agree" below you confirm that you will use the content of this website only for those of your clients which are qualified investors pursuant to CISA.
Representative in Switzerland of the foreign funds registered with the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority ("FINMA") for distribution in or from Switzerland to non-qualified investors is ACOLIN Fund Services AG, Affolternstrasse 56, 8050 Zürich, and the paying agent is UBS Switzerland AG, Bahnhofstrasse 45, 8001 Zürich. Please consult www.finma.ch for a list of FINMA registered funds.
Neither information nor any opinion expressed on the website constitutes a solicitation, an offer or a recommendation to buy, sell or dispose of any investment, to engage in any other transaction or to provide any investment advice or service. An investment in a Robeco/RobecoSAM AG product should only be made after reading the related legal documents such as management regulations, articles of association, prospectuses, key investor information documents and annual and semi-annual reports, which can be all be obtained free of charge at this website, at the registered seat of the representative in Switzerland, as well as at the Robeco/RobecoSAM AG offices in each country where Robeco has a presence. In respect of the funds distributed in Switzerland, the place of performance and jurisdiction is the registered office of the representative in Switzerland.
This website is not directed to any person in any jurisdiction where, by reason of that person's nationality, residence or otherwise, the publication or availability of this website is prohibited. Persons in respect of whom such prohibitions apply must not access this website.


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The Tablet years:
I worked full time for the paper from 1983-85. By then Tom Burns had retired and John Wilkins had taken over as Editor and I fairly soon became aware that he was somewhat sympathetic towards the notion of 'loyal dissent'. To me, the term, which I first met in one of his editorials, has always seemed an indefensible oxymoron. (It still does.) He was incredibly hardworking and well-informed, and on a personal level I had great respect, even affection for him. However my job was not to comment upon editorial policy. At The Tablet I learned a great deal about the direction in which the Church seemed to be going, about the stance of many of the regular writers, and from the Archive, about recent Church History. This was helped by the fact that I indexed both The Tablet and its sister journal 'The Clergy Review , later renamed 'Priests and People', according to the spirit of the period.. In fact I continued to index P & P until 1993. This enabled me to keep in touch with 'the lie of the land.. As I recall, this latter monthly journal carried a markedly wide range of articles. By 93, there seemed to be more of a progressive bent, on every subject from liturgy and architecture, to liberation theology and the social teaching of the Church. One incident exemplifies this. I can't remember which year it was, but there had been an article entitled 'Imitating Jesus and allowing divorce'. When the proofs came back to me for checking this title had been misread and printed as 'IRRITATING Jesus and allowing divorce. We had a good laugh about it in the outer office, but I remember thinking that the people in the print shop had higher expectations of orthodoxy that P&P had unfortunately been unable to satisfy.
Until 1984 the Tablet was technologically behind the times. The main computer was introduced that year I think; the office staff continued to operated electronic typewriters. Fortunately for me, it was decided to put the whole subscription lists of both journals on computer data base. As Subs. Controller it seemed obvious that I should do this. It was tedious work, which I did on Saturday mornings. It was my real introduction to the computer and before the internet.
After leaving the Tablet for a much better paid job with the Church of England Children's Society, I spent a further two years there before finally finding my way back into teaching. I then spent six happy and producuctive years in Adult Access training with the London Borough of Brent whilst serving as a member of the English department in one of their Community Schools. Here I was in charge of the Sixth Form and Access recruitment and interviewing.
Four years after the Annulment I married my present husband in the same church where the annulled marriage had taken place in 1971. The only way that my life was affected by Pope John Paul II was that as that annulment process was nearing conclusion, he issued a directive that from now on all cases had to be heard consecutively by two tribunals. So after Westminster, mine had to go to Birmingham. It did turn our to be 'rubber stamping' but all the same it added a further three months of anxiety.
In all the learning that took place for me in the 1980s, there is one form that held the whole thing together and that is the time I spent. every Wednesday evening and Sunday morning learning how to read and sing Chant and Renaissance polyphony.. These I value most of all. You may think that my orthodoxy was maintained (or saved) by burying my head in the sand after the 'Marie Assumpta disaster' of 1979. The 1980s show that I was well informed about growing diversity of opinion, and decided through constant prayer and thought to remain the kind of Catholic I have always been. The one man who was to show me that I had been right all along, was not yet Pope, and I'll have to tell my story through the 90s and beyond before reaching the joy of his election to the Throne of Peter..
To be continued


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Louis Vuitton´s Magic of Fashion
by Katharina Czerny
Since the Alexander McQueen -Savage Beauty show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, it seems that all the en vogue museums want to exhibit fashion. Just recently there was the Daphne Guinness fashion exhibit at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, and the exhibit at the Wien Museum, More Than Fashion—the Katarina Noever Collection.
Now it's Paris's turn: the "Louis Vuitton – Marc Jacobs exhibit just opened at Paris's Musée les Arts Décoratifs. The exhibit presents the development of the two men as a type of contrast. The lower floor is dedicated to the founder, Louis Vuitton, who produced deluxe luggage for the upper class of 19th-century Paris. On the upper floor the new Louis Vuitton brand is presented, as reconfigured by Marc Jacobs. It was Bernard Arnault who brought the American designer to Paris in 1997. Arnault was also the one who had bought the, at that time, outmoded luggage and purse concern. But Louis Vuitton is mainly known because of its famous LV monogram that Vuittons son Louis created in 1896.
The Louis Vuittton – Marc Jacobs exhibit is on view at Musée les Arts Décoratifs in Paris until 16. September.


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A huge congratulations to Oxford Foundry on a very successful launch day. Inspiring talks on the day – "Your focus group is yourself – you should make products that you want to use."You can bet if you love it, many other people out there will love it too."
The Oxford Foundry building, which was originally a Victorian ice factory, includes working spaces, presentation areas and a cafe. It will channel academic research commercially, bring world renowned figures in to talk to students, host problem solving competitions and workshops, and provide a start-up support programme.


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"Hi! My name is Samara (@samara21) and I am the owner and creator of Outcharmed. Outcharmed was created in 2016 as a way to let girls express themselves and their personal style. I am a twenty year old student majoring in Retailing and Consumer Sciences at the University of Arizona. I started Outcharmed by making jewelry and clothes for myself in my spare time. Others seemed to like what I was making, so one day I decided to start a business out of it. I am self taught and come up with new designs day by day. No two pieces that I make are the same, just as no two people are the same. I hope that you see the love that I put into my work and enjoy wearing the item that is handmade just for you!"
Instagram: @outcharmed
Look One: Cristina
[Cristina]: This season, I can't stay away from polka dot prints and gold dainty jewelry. Every time I walk into a store, I am suddenly drawn to all things with a polka dot print, or spring/summer neutral colors. The perfect companion to subtle patterns, and neutral tones, are dainty gold accessories. Layered necklaces with accented charms is a great way to complete an outfit without overloading on accessories. This Outcharmed gold layered necklace is the perfect jewelry staple for this season, and was a great addition to the overall look of my girly springtime outfit.
[Cristina]: This top is a surprisingly versatile piece. The frilly knit top is actually reversible, where the reverse side is the inverse of colors. The reverse side is white with an unexpected contrast of black stitching that would go great with either black/white bottoms or make it pop with a light pink trouser. For this outfit, I paired the top with high waisted white bottoms that are one of my favorite pants. If you are in need or a springtime pant and are tired of all the denim you've been wearing in the colder seasons, wide-legged light fabric pants are the way to go. This outfit happily complimented the occasion of a springtime Outcharmed photoshoot.
Outfit Details
Top: Club Monaco
Pants: J. Crew
Slides: Gucci
Look Two: Tula
[Tula]: Arizona Inn has the perfect Southwestern atmosphere! When I hear Southwest, I think vivid adobe style buildings surrounded with cactus or yucca somewhere in the desert inspired by latin and native american culture. As a southwestern native, I wanted my outfit to exemplify the southwestern style. Outcharmed, the jewelry charmed me with its desert elegance and added more desert flare to my outfits.
[Tula]: The first outfit, I wanted it to be vivid as the Arizona Inn. Yellow was the perfect color, it is as bright as the desert sun on a sunny afternoon. I paired it with a white skirt and heels. The white made the look very sweet and innocent like a white flower from a garden. The coat's green reminds me of the color of cactus during the monsoon season, how the dark clouds darken the colors of the desert with its shadow. I think this outfit would be perfect for a coffee date with friends at a local cafe or even a night out downtown enjoying the summer night.
[Tula]: I have been a huge fan of pinstripes this year especially when baby blue and ivory are combined into a pinstripe or a simple stripe pattern. The color of the dress reminded me of the sky during the summer in Tucson when the weather is fairly nice, blue sky with white clouds. I think the colors and print of the dress allowed it to be worn to a nice evening dinner with your summer love or a semi-casual brunch with your friends. I think maxi dresses are perfect for the summer in the Southwest and maxi dresses can make anyone look like a desert muse of elegance, especially if you wear with jewelry from Outcharmed!
Outfit Details
Top: Forever 21
Skirt: Abercrombie and Fitch
Shoes: LC by Lauren Conrad
Dress: Rebellion
Look Three: Meredith
[Meredith]: This outfit features a white, Francesca's spring dress with a lace pattern and sheer fabric around the top. Light pink shoes and a floral headband were used to add a soft splash of color to accompany the silver jewelry.
Outfit Details
Dress: Francesca's
Shoes: Unisa
Look Four: Lena
[Cristina]: Dresses are always a great and easy option to looking dressed up without having to quite literally, dress up. Simple necklaces, like these layered necklaces compliment tops that have more intricate designs or patterns. Simple details go a long way and a silver necklace with silver earrings make the effortless statement to a dressed up outfit.
Outfit Details
Dress: Target
Shoes: Qupid
Sunglasses: Boutique in Spain
Editor: Cristina McHugh


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- Air-Conditioned
- Dine in the Car
- Indoor
- Outdoor
- Rooftop
- Notable Spirit Collections
- Notable Cocktails
- Dance Floor
- Beer Garden
- Bar Food
- Specialty Coffee
- Live Music
- High Tea
- Filter Coffee
- Wine List
- Wi-Fi
- Vegetarian Options
- Valet
- Smoking Area
- Romantic/Date
- Reservations Recommended
- Private Room
- Parking Space
- Notable View
- No Reservations
- Live Band
- Live DJ
- Kids-Friendly
- Halal Options
- Editors' Pick
- Delivery
- Coffee Roasting On Site
- Brunch
- Breakfast
- Bakery
- All-Day Breakfast
- Al fresco
- Take Away
- Open Late
AntipodeanThe revamped Antipodean Coffee in Kemang comes with a much bigger space to boot the OG café culture they've established with signature breakfast spreads, hearty meals and a bona fide ambience to love.
Koultoura CoffeeKoultoura Coffee claims its territory in the West Jakarta as the cafe with cool factors.
Pi OhDon't be surprised if the meat is a reminiscent of more than five distinct types of meat. But, just leave the myths at the door.
Mbah Jingkrak SetiabudiMbah Jingkrak easily whips up an irresistible Indonesian comfort food with a taste of nostalgia.
127 CaféRest, chill and fix your caffeine cravings at any given time in 127 Café.
Kumulo DIRECTORY
A haven for local creatives and artisans, Kumulo in BSD charms comers with its unique, cloud-like compound for a one-of-a-kind shopping and mingling experience around their open-space enclave.
The Breeze BSD - Jl. Grand Boulevard, BSD Green Office Park.
Niniveh Space DIRECTORY
As an experimental space, Niniveh meshes the visions of photographer Chris Bunjamin and his wife Emmelyn Gunawan of Canaan Studio, bringing together the contemporary and the artisanal flair into retail.
Jl. Cikajang 63 Kebayoran Baru
The Bulkstore & Co. DIRECTORY
Tick off your grocery list at The Bulkstore & Co., including superfood powders and organic, locally-made fruit wines, all while supporting the environment.
Jl. K.H. Wahid Hasyim No. 47
All the way from Taiwan, INVINCIBLE brings an exciting range of high-end fashion labels, including streetwear gear and sneakers, all packaged in a clean and minimalist space in Pacific Place shopping mall.
Level 4, Pacfic Place, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.52-53
Saruga Package-Free Store DIRECTORY
Saruga's packaging-free grocery store omits unnecessary packaging and embraces a self-service concept and mindful shopping habit that favour the environment.
Jl. Taman Bintaro no. 1, Sektor 1, Bintaro
Off-White DIRECTORY
Off-white has hit the shore of Jakarta with its first store over at Plaza Indonesia with a stripped-down interior to better showcase the label's streetwear-inspired pieces fused in high fashion edge.
Plaza Indonesia Unit L1 #029, Ground Floor, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No.Kav. 28-30


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Shipment overview
The Shipment Overview gives you a complete overview of all your shipments. You can filter your overview to show shipments with specific from/to locations or vessels, or to show shipments for which the Shipping Instruction or the VGM (Verified Gross Mass) have not yet been submitted.
You can also receive email notifications when your documents are ready, or if a shipment undergoes a schedule change.
Step 1
Log in and click Shipment Overview.
Step 2
Now you can select:
- Search – to search for a specific shipment
- Filter – to filter the overview
- Shipment – to view the shipment details
- Pending Tasks – to get an overview of the pre-shipment tasks you need to complete
- Awaiting Maersk Line – to see an overview of the tasks awaiting completion by us
- ETA Changes – to view schedule changes and new schedule updates


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Pink Sugar Beauty Studio & Boutique
Jo Bodysuit
Regular price $44.00
Want a versatile piece that will take you from day to night? Our Bamboo wrap body suit is flattering and feminine. Designed for optimized all day comfort and movement.
One-Size fits all.
Material: 51% Bamboo | 21% Cotton | 20% Nylon | 8% Spandex


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Loans are typically the powersports industry's go-to financing option, but dealers are seeing greater demand for financing alternatives for lower-credit customers, according to Joe Becerra, finance director for F&T Valley Motorsports.
"Because of the customers — particularly the first-time buyers — we get a lot of younger 19-to-20 year olds that want to get into motorcycles," Beccera said. "The leasing option is best for them because they have minimal credit."
First-time buyers are still creditworthy, and leasing options can help them establish their credit score, he added. While the percentage of lessees at Pharr, Taxas-based F&T Valley Motorsports is small — 10% of the total — leasing is still a fairly new venture for the powersports dealership, and will likely take time to grow and meet the demand of consumers, Becerra said.
Leasing in the powersports industry is predicted to gain ground in the upcoming years, in large part because leasing typically demands less out-of-pocket money upfront, Lenny Sims, vice president of operations at NADAGuides, told Powersports Finance.
"There was a 12% increase in leasing inquiries in our data in 2015 versus 2014. January 2016 is up 10% over last year at this time. Total leasing inquiries in 2015 exceeded 60,000."
-Lenny Sims, Vice President of Operations, NADAGuides
While not always the case, it is possible a consumer can get into a lease cheaper than with traditional financing, and then he has the opportunity to turn the vehicle in and get another bike, Sims said. "Typically, leasing can be attractive to some people because of the less upfront cost and possibly [due to] their credit situation," he added.
However, while the demand exists from consumers and dealers, the industry lacks a suitable leasing program for potential consumers. In order for leasing to grow, more programs have to be created and made available, Chris Rice, regional operations manager Nevada import at Ridenow Powersports, told Powersports Finance. Until those programs exist, the demand for leasing in powersports will not fully catch up to the demand on the automotive side, he added.
"I think we need to see some of the car industry's availability to banks and lending institutions bleed over into powersports. The same goes for leasing. We have very few options in most situations and most are credit driven, meaning subprime."
-Chris Rice, Regional Operations Manager Nevada Import, RideNow Powersports


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Synonyms for expansiveness
Antonyms for expansiveness
One revels in expansiveness with his own, and I can speak to you as I cannot speak to another.'
This old Madeira here will explain any amount of expansiveness.
"It shall be only a little," began Friedrich, repenting of his expansiveness.
It possessed the qualities of boundless adaptability and expansiveness.
Confronted with the results of his expansiveness, Soames scrutinized his visitor.
In him the curiosity of the new age reached its acme of expansiveness.
He lost his expansiveness in the presence of the German army or any representative of it.
Milly was magnificently optimistic about the expansiveness of her allowance.
His earlier exhilaration had died, and with it was dying the expansiveness of his confidence.
He was a man of no nationality, and cosmopolitan, and sublimely proud of that expansiveness.


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Norsca Aluminium Free Aerosol Vetiver & Black Pepper
Norsca 0% Aluminium Anti-Perspirant is a plant powered anti-perspirant that stops sweat & odour. It includes:
– Soothing Chamomile & Witch Hazel extracts to deliver soothing underarm care with anti-inflammatory benefits
– Specially formulated Zinc Active to fight odour-causing bacteria & tighten pores to help reduce sweat
– No aluminium, sulfates, silicones, parabens or essential oils
For all day sweat & odour protection with a crisp Vetiver & Black Pepper scent. Finish the day as fresh as you started.
Ingredients: Alcohol, Butane, Isobutane, Propane, Propylene Glycol, Zinc Phenolsulfonate, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water, Farnesol, T-Butyl Alcohol, Water(Aqua), Glycerin, Butylene Glycol, Chamomilla recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract, Phenoxyethanol, Fragrance (Parfum), D-Limonene, Coumarin, Linalool, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, Isoeugenol, Citral, Geraniol.
Directions: Shake can well before use. Hold can 15cm from underarm and spray. Do not apply to broken skin. Stop use if irritation develops. Do not spray near eyes or face.


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Hop to
- What is the Panasonic EX750?
- Design
- Connections & Control
- Features & Specs
- Panasonic TX-65EX750B Recommended Picture Settings
- Picture Settings – Out-of-the-Box
- Picture Settings – Calibrated
- Picture Settings – High Dynamic Range
- Picture Quality
- Panasonic TX-65EX750B Video Review
- Sound Quality
- Input Lag & Energy Usage
- Verdict
- Scores
What is the Panasonic EX750?
The EX750 is Panasonic's high-end LCD TV for 2017 and as you'd expect it supports 4K Ultra HD resolution and high dynamic range. However it also includes something that is rather unusual this year because the EX750 is the only new TV in 2017 to support 3D. That has elevated the model from merely another 4K LED TV to one that is of particular interest to fans of 3D looking for a way to still watch their collections of 3D movies. The EX750 also includes all the features that you'd expect on a Panasonic TV and the TX-65EX750B that we're reviewed can be picked up for £1,849 as at the time of writing (November 2017), which is a good price for a 65-inch screen size. So can the EX750 deliver the kind of performance we expect from a TV in 2017 or is this blast from the past just a one trick pony?
The EX750's support of 3D isn't the only thing that reminds us of TVs from three or four years ago, the design is decidedly retro as well. In fact if you put a curved screen on this TV it would be almost identical to Samsung's flagship models from a few years back. There's a 12mm wide dark silver bezel around the screen, with a brushed metal finish and chamfered corners. It's a simple appearance but does seem rather dated compared to the ultra thin bezel-less designs we mainly see today. The 65EX750 is 20mm deep at the top and 52mm deep at the bottom, with overall dimensions of 1457 x 841 x 52mm without the stand and 1457 x 921 x 446mm with the stand attached.
The stand itself is another blast from the past, the kind of chrome 'quad foot' that was used all the time and, in another retro touch, it even swivels which means you can angle the screen for optimal viewing. The rear of the stand is a big solid piece of engineering that you can thankfully hide behind a black plastic cover that matches the rear of the panel and if you do use the stand there is 100mm of clearance beneath the screen. The stand measures 760 x 446mm but if you'd rather wall mount there are 400 x 200 VESA mounts for the purpose. The EX750 is certainly very well made and as a result it weighs quite a bit, clocking in at 39kg without the stand and 43.5kg with it attached.
The build quality is very good but the design appears rather dated
Connections & Control
The connections are at the rear left as you face the screen and there are removable panels for tidier cable management. There are a combination of rearwards and sideways facing connections and the latter are 130mm from the edge of the screen. There are four HDMI inputs – one facing rearwards and three facing sideways – with one HDMI input that supports ARC (Audio Return Channel) and all of them supporting 4K/60p, HDR, WCG, HLG and HDCP 2.2. There are three USB ports, two facing rearwards (2 x USB 2.0) and one facing sideways (1 x USB 3.0), along with a sideways-facing CI (Common Interface) slot, an SD card slot, twin digital and satellite tuners and a headphone jack. Facing rearwards you'll also find component and composition video inputs, analogue audio inputs, an optical digital output and an Ethernet port, although the EX750 naturally has built-in WiFi.
Although the EX750 is technically Panasonic's high-end LCD TV for 2017, the manufacturer clearly considers its OLED range to be their flagship models because the former doesn't come with the attractive silver brushed metal controller included with the OLED TVs. Instead we get a more basic plastic controller, although its silver and black finish does match the TV. The remote is light and comfortable to hold, with a groove on the back for your finger which makes it easy to use with one hand. It has an intuitive layout, with large buttons that are sensibly placed depending on how frequently they will be used and easily identified. The controller might not be as flash as the one included with Panasonic's OLED TVs but we like it because it has all the buttons you'll need and is very simple to use and effective in operation.
There's a good selection of connections, a decent remote and an effective smart platform
Features & Specs
The EX750B comes in four screen sizes of 50-, 58-, 65- and 75-inches and supports High Dynamic Range, specifically HDR 10 and Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG). There's no support for Dolby Vision but Panasonic do plan to add HDR10+ with dynamic metadata via a firmware update next year. The EX750 includes Panasonic's Studio Colour HCX2 processor that uses 3D look-up tables (LUTs) to deliver more accurate colours. The EX750 also uses what Panasonic call their 'Cinema Display', which basically means it combines a brighter panel with a wider colour gamut and local dimming. In addition the EX750B includes full calibration controls and, as mentioned at the beginning, it also supports active shutter 3D – although you will need to buy the glasses separately because Panasonic don't include any.
The EX750 uses Panasonic's Smart TV system which is simple and intuitive to use and very effective in operation. The TV features the latest version of My Home Screen 2.0 smart TV system, which introduces features such as favourites folders for multiple users, a My App button on the remote that can be customised for faster access to your own favourite content, and a revamped Media Player app that supports 4K HDR10 and Hybrid Log Gamma content. For UK users there is a new version of Freeview Play, which introduces new search/recommendation tools and a Quick Look Guide that shows past, live and future TV programs for the current channel. Also included are live thumbnails of what's showing on other channels. The EX750 will also support 4K HDR streaming from Netflix, Amazon and YouTube.
The EX750 uses Panasonic's Smart TV system which is simple and intuitive to use and very effective in operation. The TV features the latest version of My Home Screen 2.0 smart TV system, which introduces features such as favourites folders for multiple users, a My App button on the remote that can be customised for faster access to your own favourite content, and a revamped Media Player app that supports 4K HDR10 and Hybrid Log Gamma content. For UK users there is a new version of Freeview Play, which introduces new search/recommendation tools and a Quick Look Guide that shows past, live and future TV programs for the current channel. Also included are live thumbnails of what's showing on other channels. The EX750 will also support 4K HDR streaming from Netflix, Amazon and YouTube.
Panasonic TX-65EX750B Recommended Picture Settings
Picture Settings – Out-of-the-Box
The EX750 ships in the Normal viewing mode but to get the most accurate starting point we would suggest choosing the True Cinema mode where the majority of the settings are correct and any unnecessary processing has been turned off. We then set the Luminance Level for our target of 120nits, set Contrast so that it wasn't clipping, selected a suitable Gamma (in this case 2.4) and turned Intelligent Frame Creation (IFC) off before measuring the out-of-the-box performance.
All our measurements were done with a Klein K-10A colour meter, a Murideo Fresco Six-G pattern generator and CalMAN Ultimate calibration software. If you want to set your new TV up correctly then take a look at the video above or follow the simple steps in our PicturePerfect Guide.
All our measurements were done with a Klein K-10A colour meter, a Murideo Fresco Six-G pattern generator and CalMAN Ultimate calibration software. If you want to set your new TV up correctly then take a look at the video above or follow the simple steps in our PicturePerfect Guide.
We have seen some very accurate out-of-the-box measurements from Panasonic TVs this year, so the EX750 was a bit of a disappointment. As you can see in the graph above, there is an excess of green and a deficit of blue, which gives whites a yellow push. A slight excess of green isn't unusual on Panasonic TVs but the DeltaEs (errors) are well above the visible threshold in the brighter part of the image. However the gamma was tracking our 2.4 target very closely and given that the EX750B has a 2- and a 10-point white balance control, we should be able to correct the excess green very easily.
The colour accuracy out-of-the-box was better, with all of the primary and secondary colours tracking their saturation points quite closely. The main errors are introduced by the excess green in the greyscale and you can see that it is skewing blue, cyan and magenta, with white shifted over towards green/yellow. We suspect that as soon as we correct the greyscale, white and the colours will fall into place but if we do need to tweak them, there is a very effective colour management system (CMS).
For a Panasonic the out-of-the-box accuracy was a bit disappointing
Picture Settings – Calibrated
As we mentioned the EX750 has a full set of calibration controls including 2- and 10-point white balance controls and a full colour management system (CMS), which we used to address the errors in the greyscale and fine tune the colour accuracy.
MORE: Should I get my TV professionally calibrated?
We started by using the 2-point control to reduce green and bring up blue, which immediately gave us a very accurate greyscale. We then used the 10-point to fine tune the overall accuracy and the result was a reference performance with all the errors now well below one and the gamma curve tracking our target of 2.4 precisely.
Once we had calibrated the greyscale, the colour temperature of white was hitting its target of D65 precisely and the colours were tracking the saturation points within the Rec.709 colour gamut, which is the industry standard for standard dynamic range content. We then used the CMS to fine tune the performance and, as with the greyscale and gamma, the results were reference in terms of measurements. Of course, we would expect nothing else from Panasonic.
The calibration controls are excellent and the results were reference in terms of accuracy
Picture Settings – High Dynamic Range
The measurements shown below are for an out-of-the-box performance using the HDR True Cinema viewing mode and based upon a simple setup with the majority of the controls at their default settings (as with previous Panasonic HDR TVs with local dimming, you get the best results with the Medium setting). As you can see the EOTF (Electro Optical Transfer Function) tracked the SMPTE 2084 (PQ) target quite closely, with the luminance beginning to roll off at 60 IRE. The greyscale is also tracking very well and overall the errors were all below three, except when the curve rolls off, where there is a slight increase to eight.
Where the EX750 struggled was in terms of its peak brightness, which only measured at 420 nits in its most accurate mode, although it could reach 500 nits in less accurate ones. The TV could produce that on a 10% window and almost as much on a 100% full field pattern but it certainly is a long way from the levels of brightness found on competing TVs at this price point. However the good tone mapping meant that the EX750 was at least able to correctly show test patterns up to 4000 nits without clipping, which means that although the specular highlights might not be as bright, you aren't missing any detail.
The EX750 delivered excellent colour gamut coverage, which we measured at 96% of DCI-P3 using xy and 98% using uv coordinates, which equates to 74% of Rec.2020. The tracking against Rec.2020 was also fairly good, at least within the limitations of the panel's native colour gamut.
The graph above shows how the EX750 actually tracked against the DCI-P3 saturation points within the Rec.2020 container and here it performed rather well, with the primary and secondary colours tracking their targets very closely within the limitations of the panel's native colour gamut. There was some under-saturation in red and some minor hue errors in green but overall this is a good colour performance for HDR content.
We measured the Perceptual Colour Volume of the EX750B, which takes the PQ EOTF out to 10,000nits and the Rec.2020 colour gamut and measures them against the ICtCp colour graph which takes into account human visual perception. This measurement uses 393 data points and delivers a number expressed in Millions of Distinguishable Colours (MDC) and the Panasonic delivered a number of 304, which reflects its limited brightness.
We measured the Perceptual Colour Volume of the EX750B, which takes the PQ EOTF out to 10,000nits and the Rec.2020 colour gamut and measures them against the ICtCp colour graph which takes into account human visual perception. This measurement uses 393 data points and delivers a number expressed in Millions of Distinguishable Colours (MDC) and the Panasonic delivered a number of 304, which reflects its limited brightness.
The HDR performance was reasonable but the peak brightness was limited
Picture Quality
Black Levels & Contrast RatiosThe EX750 uses a VA LCD panel, which means that it can deliver a decent native black level of 0.026 nits, although that drops to 0.0004 nits when the local dimming is engaged. The Panasonic might be limited in terms of its peak brightness for HDR, reaching only 420 nits, but it can easily hit our 120 nits target for SDR content. As a result it has a native – that is without the local dimming engaged – on/off contrast ratio of 4,600:1 and an ANSI contrast ratio of 3600:1 – these are impressive numbers for an LCD TV but they can be improved by engaging local dimming.
Backlight Uniformity & Viewing AnglesThe backlight uniformity of the EX750 was fairly good for an LCD TV that uses edge LED backlighting and the image was pleasingly free of clouding, bright edges and bright corners on normal content during the day. This was equally true of darker material, although using the local dimming does obviously improve the perceived blacks and the overall contrast performance. The backlight uniformity was also good at night, although in a dimly-lit room the local dimming is certainly more important with darker viewing content, and with local dimming engaged the backlight looked good, even with a black screen.
Since the EX750 uses a VA panel, it does mean that the viewing angles are rather limited and once you move more than 30 degrees off axis in either direction, you will begin to see a drop off in contrast and colour fidelity. However, depending on how far you sit from the TV, the 65-inch screen size makes it pretty easy to stay central to the image. Since the stand swivels, you can also easily move the screen to ensure you are sat central to the picture. Just remember that off-axis performance applies to both horizontal and vertical angles, so bear that in mind when installing the EX750.
Local DimmingThe implementation of the local dimming was reasonably effective and it's generally something that Panasonic do very well. In our tests we found that the Medium setting delivered deep blacks and decent shadow detail, without introducing haloing or other unwanted artefacts. We initially used a white circle moving around on a black background and the EX750 handled this test very well, as did the TV with regular torture tests using scenes from Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 and Gravity. Since the panel uses edge LED lighting, rather than rows of LEDs directly behind the panel, the image was also free of any annoying banding, which is good news for football fans.
Motion HandlingThe motion handling of the EX750 was the one area where it really struggled and although the motion seemed fine with normal content, it was terrible on our moving plate tests. The motion resolution was very poor with loads of blur and judder that we couldn't get rid of, even with Intelligent Frame Creation (IFC) set to maximum. Strangely when watching actual content like football at 25p, streaming content at 50p and film content at 24p, the motion seemed fine, within the limitations of the LCD panel itself, although the EX750 did have problems with 60p content. We always left IFC off when watching film-based content like movies and TV dramas but it can certainly help with sports content and along with the Min, Mid and Max settings, there is also a Custom option to allow you create a setting that suits you. As we mentioned earlier in the review, when watching HDR content you should also use the Medium setting for the best results.
Standard Dynamic Range (SDR)When it came to standard dynamic range content, the EX750 delivered an excellent image with natural colours (especially after calibration), a good contrast performance and excellent video processing. The HCX2 processor effectively upscaled lower resolution content to match the 4K panel and delivered clean and detailed images. The same was true of the effective local dimming, which improved the blacks and contrast performance, whilst retaining the shadow detail and avoiding any unwanted artefacts. Despite our reservations in testing, motion didn't appear to be an issue either, which suggests it may have been a specific problem with the test rather than something more general. So whether we were watching standard or high definition broadcasts, the EX750 delivered a very pleasing image, although the 65-inch screen size did reveal the limitations of standard definition broadcasting. However the colour accuracy, greyscale and gamma were excellent, so the BBC series Blue Planet II often looked superb in high definition, although the image did occasionally reveal banding due to broadcast compression. The picture quality was just as impressive with streaming content and both Preacher and Inhumans looked fantastic fantastic. The Panasonic also handled Blu-ray extremely, so a reference disc like Jurassic World or Moana really popped with detail and colour. Overall the XE750 is an excellent mid-range TV when it comes to SDR content.
High Dynamic Range (HDR)The HDR performance wasn't quite as good, primarily due to the limited peak brightness of the EX750. However, although the peak brightness was rather limited, it did mean that the Panasonic didn't suffer from clouding or bright edges or bright corners and the black bars on films managed to remain black. This was also in part due to the local dimming, which was very successful in making the most of the EX750's dynamic range to deliver a decent HDR performance. In addition, the greyscale and colour temperature for white were good and the tone mapping was effective, ensuring that detail was retained up to 4000 nits. The excellent native colour gamut also helped, as did the accurate saturation tracking and, as a result, the colours appeared both natural and saturated. As with SDR content, the motion handling on 24p HDR content appeared perfectly acceptable with no more judder than was in the original capture. When watching a disc like Passengersthe EX750 reproduced the star fields with precision and handled the sleek interiors of the starship very well. The Panasonic also handled the arriving in Neverland scene in Pan without clipping the sun and a recent release like Spider-Man: Homecoming looked very impressive, despite the frenetic action on screen. The EX750 also handled the HDR on Star Trek Discovery and Stranger Things 2 very well and overall we found that, despite its inherent limitations, the Panasonic handled HDR surprisingly well.
3D PerformanceIf you're thinking of buying an EX750, then the chances are that the section of this review that you're most interested in is this one. After all there's hardly a shortage of 4K Ultra HD LED LCD TVs with HDR support on the market but the EX750 is literally the only new 2017 model to support 3D. The good news is that as a 3D TV the EX750 is pretty good, with a bright, detailed and natural looking picture that is largely free of crosstalk. There was a little bit on the Spears & Munsil torture test and occasionally on objects in a film that had extreme negative or positive parallax – although modern films tend to avoid that – but overall this was a nice 3D presentation. We watched a number of 3D favourites like Moana, Gravity and Avatar and the EX750 handled them all well, whilst the local dimming was effective and the motion fairly good. The 3D created a nice sense of depth to the image and the decent screen size meant that you could fill your field of view fairly easily, thus creating a more immersive experience. As we mentioned earlier in the review, you will need to buy the 3D glasses separately because there are none included but luckily we had a pair of Panasonic glasses stuffed in a drawer, although they did need recharging because we hadn't used them for a long time. Sadly we suspect this is the last 3D TV that we'll review because we don't expect any to be released next year.
Panasonic TX-65EX750B Video Review
Sound Quality
The EX750 was capable of a decent audio performance and undoubtedly it benefited from the solid build quality and 65-inch screen size when it came to sound quality. The screen size certainly resulted in a good amount of stereo separation and the width of the front soundstage was suitably wide. There are two full-range speakers built into the base of the chassis and these are each driven by 10W of amplification. As a result the sound quality was certainly good enough for basic TV watching and even TV dramas and movies sounded quite impressive. Importantly dialogue was clear and focused and the midrange was well represented, as were the higher frequencies. The bass was more limited but the size of the TV and the solid nature of its construction meant that it had more low-end presence than we were expecting.
There are four sound modes – Standard, Music, Ambience and User – and we tended to find that Music offered the most balanced sound for general TV watching. There is also a VR-Audio True Surround feature and although it did give more of an immersive presence to the audio, it also tended to make the sound more echoey, so we wouldn't recommend using it. Ultimately, if sound quality is important to you then we would recommend a soundbar for a larger soundstage or an AV Receiver for immersive multi-channel audio that would better suit the 65-inch screen size when watching blockbuster movies. However when it comes to normal TV watching, EX750 is more than capable of handling an episode of Masterchef.
There are four sound modes – Standard, Music, Ambience and User – and we tended to find that Music offered the most balanced sound for general TV watching. There is also a VR-Audio True Surround feature and although it did give more of an immersive presence to the audio, it also tended to make the sound more echoey, so we wouldn't recommend using it. Ultimately, if sound quality is important to you then we would recommend a soundbar for a larger soundstage or an AV Receiver for immersive multi-channel audio that would better suit the 65-inch screen size when watching blockbuster movies. However when it comes to normal TV watching, EX750 is more than capable of handling an episode of Masterchef.
The input lag was very low at 18ms and the EX750 is also the only TV this year to support 3D
Input Lag & Energy Usage
As usual we measured the input lag on the EX750 using our Leo Bodnar tester and in Game mode we measured the input lag at 18ms, which was really impressive. It would seem that Panasonic has made great strides in terms of input lags this year, which is great news for gamers and the even better news is that this applies whether you're gaming in 1080p, 4K, SDR or HDR. This is actually one of the lowest input lags we've ever measured and the result is a pleasingly responsive big screen gaming experience that is sure to please even those with cat-like reactions.
In terms of the EX750's energy consumption it proved to be surprisingly efficient considering the 65-inch screen size and using a full window 50% white pattern we measured the Normal picture mode at 65W and our calibrated True Cinema mode at 71W. The HDR mode naturally used more energy but, given the TV's limited peak brightness, it still wasn't that high at just 119W.
In terms of the EX750's energy consumption it proved to be surprisingly efficient considering the 65-inch screen size and using a full window 50% white pattern we measured the Normal picture mode at 65W and our calibrated True Cinema mode at 71W. The HDR mode naturally used more energy but, given the TV's limited peak brightness, it still wasn't that high at just 119W.
How future-proof is this TV?
|4K Ultra HD Resolution
|HDR Support
|Colour Space (percentage of Rec.2020 - 100% best)
|10-bit Panel
|HDMI 2.0a Inputs
|HDCP 2.2 Support
|HEVC Decoding
|4K Streaming Services
|Smart TV Platform
|Picture Accuracy Out-of-the-Box (score out of 10)
|What do these mean?
- Accurate images
- Excellent video processing
- 3D support
- Low input lag
- Good build quality
- Motion handling poor
- HDR could be better
- Limited viewing angles
Panasonic TX-65EX750B 4K LED 3D TV Review
Should I buy one?The answer to that question really depends on how important 3D support is to you because that is the big selling point of the EX750. In general terms the TV is a competent performer, although its design is very dated, with the bezel and stand bringing to mind TVs from a few years ago. However the EX750 is well built and has a decent set of features, with a very low input lag and an effective smart platform. The TV naturally supports 4K Ultra HD, wide colour gamut and high dynamic range (HDR10, HLG and HDR10+ via a firmware update), although the HDR performance is limited by the EX750's peak brightness. However the performance with standard dynamic range content was very good, with natural colours, an accurate greyscale and gamma, and effective local dimming. The TV didn't perform as well in the motion tests, although motion seemed fine with actual content, and since the TV uses a VA panel, optimal viewing angles are limited.
The HDR performance was reasonably good, despite the limited peak brightness, with good tone mapping and a wide colour gamut that tracked the saturation points very accurately. Once again motion didn't appear to be an issue and the local dimming managed to deliver an improved dynamic range without introducing unwanted artefacts. The performance with 3D content was generally very good with bright, detailed and accurate images that were largely free of crosstalk. The motion handling seemed fine here too and the local dimming helped to give the images added depth thanks to the improved contrast performance. However you will need to buy your own active shutter 3D glasses because there aren't any included. Overall the Panasonic TX-65EX750 is a decent TV and is certainly worthy of a recommendation, especially if you're looking for 3D because frankly, it's the only game in town.
What are my alternatives?If you want 3D support your options are limited to buying a 2016 TV that is currently still available like the Panasonic TX-65DX902 or the Sony KD-65ZD9, both of which are excellent and can be picked up for £2,199 and £3,099 respectively. However if 3D isn't a priority, then there are plenty of other options at this price point, with the Sony KD-65XE9005 a particularly strong option. This TV has a direct LED backlight and local dimming, along with a more attractive design. It's capable of an equally good SDR performance and a superior HDR performance and can even be picked up for less with a current price of £1,799. If your budget is tight, there's also the Hisense H65NU8700 which can be picked up for £1,699 and offers a similar level of SDR and HDR performance, along with a comparable set of features, aside from the lack of 3D. Finally the current bargain as far as performance, features and price are concerned has to be the Samsung UE65MU7000 which is only £1,549. That will get you a TV that not only uses a very contemporary design and includes a boat-load of features but also delivers an incredibly low inout lag, along with a great SDR performance and a superior HDR one as well.
Contrast/Dynamic Range/Black Level
Screen Uniformity
Colour Accuracy
Greyscale Accuracy
Video Processing
SDR Picture Quality
HDR Picture Quality
3D Picture Quality
Picture Quality Out-Of-The-Box
Picture Quality Calibrated
Sound Quality
Smart Features
Build Quality
Ease Of Use
Value for Money
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text:
Security enclosure for an automatic teller machine
A structural unit comprises a rectangular base and floor with vertical walls attached to form an enclosure, and with a roof assembled thereto to form a miniature building, for containing a banking transactional computer, designated an automatic teller machine (ATM), which allows customers to withdraw currency and make deposits. The enclosure is designed for installation on narrow drive-through traffic islands and pedestrian walkways and may be used in shopping malls and retail outlets. The enclosure has interior space for private and secure servicing and maintenance of the ATM by bank and computer maintenance personnel. Through the use of an indexing turntable mechanism the ATM may be moved and rotated within the enclosure in order to present the operating portions and electronics of the machine for access required by the bank and computer personnel, without exposing them to conditions which encourage interference by outside agents or bystanders. Service and maintenance of the ATM is accomplished without disrupting traffic outside the enclosure.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to financial industries having unattended automated terminals for remote customer transactions in withdrawal and depositing of money. More specifically, this invention relates to enclosures or special buildings for the housing of automated teller machines comprising electronic computer systems.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With advances in electronics and computer technologies, the banking institutions have had available in recent years automated teller machines (hereafter ATM) that may be placed in unattended terminals at remote locations where high traffic in walk-up or drive-in clients and customers is likely to exist. To support these remote banking activities a new type of enclosure or building has been introduced into the market place to house the very specialized ATM apparatus.
ATM machines are essentially large steel safes, computer controlled to record transaction, dispense money and accept deposits as through a night depository. Typical ATM are self-contained in a cabinet and weigh from 1,000 lbs. to 3,600 lbs., depending on the model and manufacturer. They stand approximately 6 feet tall by 28 inches wide and 30 to 36 inches in depth with a safe door that opens from the rear side of the ATM. In order for a servicing bank teller to replace money or collect deposits the rear door must be opened for the interior components of the ATM to index out of its cabinet on roller tracks. People doing bank servicing or people doing repair or maintenance work on the machine itself require additional space on either side of the ATM to gain access to its computer and electronic components.
Typical enclosures for ATM applications have been designed such that a minimum depth of 51/2 feet is allowed to the rear of the ATM as required space for servicing the apparatus. But, since many banks have existing drive-up traffic lanes where the islands are 31/2 to 4 feet in width, the ordinary enclosures for ATMs cannot be installed without major foundation modifications and changes in traffic flow.
The Kiosk Unit of U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,723 is directed to walk-up drive-in applications, however, servicing of the ATM by bank personnel or by computer maintenance crews must be done from the exterior of the housing. Thus the electronic components are exposed to the uncontrolled ambient environment and the service personnel work in the open where they are exposed to all environmental and safety hazards with risks as potential victims of criminal activity.
The security booth of U.s. Pat. No. 4,121,523 is designed to improve security and enable a degree of environmental control, however, it is useful only for walk-in applications. Due to its cylindrical configuration, it occupies far more space than is usually available at drive-through islands or along narrow pedestrian walkways. This security booth has an outer enclosure into which customers gain access and a secondary inner enclosure for housing an ATM, or the like. Within the secondary enclosure a turntable supports the data processing and money transfer apparatus. The turntable and the enclosure doors are independently rotatable to enable selective access and permit involuntary retention of persons be they service personnel, customers, or criminals.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to a remote banking or currency dispensing unit and depository which is automated and self-contained in a portable building or enclosure that requires a minimum 4 by 8 foot space for installation. Thus the unit may be located on existing drive-up islands, curbs, walkways, or other places where space is limited. Installed within the building or enclosure is an ATM having a control and currency transfer panel which projects through the front 8 foot wall surface when it is in its normal operating mode. A flange around the face of the ATM fits into a bezel (or flange mounting) which is an integral part of the wall construction. Customers have access to the ATM by walking-up or by drive-in. Access by bank personnel or ATM service workers to the building is through a walk-in door located, typically, in the 4 foot left-side wall. The door entrances directly into a work area.
Apparatus is integrated in the building structure by which a bank or service operator may gain entry into the ATM cabinet to replenish its stock of currency, collect deposits, or service the electronics. The ATM is supported and is mounted to a laterally movable carriages and turntable. The assembly is movable laterally by an electric motor drive and is rotatable manually as a turntable. The bank or service operator activates the motor drive to move the ATM away from the bezel, back into the building a distance that is sufficient for the flange of the ATM to clear the bezel during rotation. Then the ATM and turntable are rotated counter-clockwise through approximately 90 degrees so as to locate the rear of the ATM cabinet facing the building work area. A steel sliding door is provided to close the opening in the front wall of the building during the withdrawal of the ATM for its maintenance. The steel door is moved in place manually and is locked in place to secure the work area and preserve the environmental conditions. Thus the ATM cabinet may be opened for maintenance as required in the secured area without interruption or interference in any way with traffic or other activity external to the enclosure. The described operation is reversed to return the ATM to operational service to customers.
An object of the present invention is to provide a private and secure working space is the interior of the ATM enclosure that is accessible only by authorized bank servicing and computer maintenance personnel.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ATM enclosure, having a secure interior working area for servicing the machine, in a dimensional configuration suitable for installation on narrow drive-through "islands", along narrow pedestrian walkways, or in retail outlets and shopping malls.
Another objective of the present invention is to preserve the integrity of the ATM environment while the unit is out of customer service for maintenance.
A further objective of the present invention is to provide apparatus for service personnel to secure the ATM under emergency conditions when public sources of electrical power to the enclosure become inoperative.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and advantages may be observed from the description when viewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the new and improved enclosure comprising the present invention, and
FIG. 2 is a floor plan of the improved enclosure showing the ATM customer use configuration,
FIG. 3 is a floor plan showing the ATM in position for servicing by bank or computer maintenance personnel,
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a preferred portion of a base subassembly showing carriage and turntable elements,
FIG. 5 is a section view through the carriage and turntable taken along lines 5--5 of FIG. 4,
FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate support table embodiment,
FIG. 7 is a view through a combined support and turntable assembly according to an alternate embodiment, taken along line 7--7, FIG. 6,
FIG. 8 is a view of a driveshaft used for lateral motion of turntable assembly, taken perpendicular to is axis of rotation,
FIG. 9 is an elevation view of a traveling nut for the driveshaft,
FIG. 10 is an end view of the traveling nut of FIG. 9,
FIG. 11 depicts a nut collar for captivating the traveling nut of FIG. 9 to the preferred turntable assembly of FIGS. 4 and 5,
FIG. 12 is an end view of the nut collar of FIG. 11,
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a special wrench for securing the ATM, by manual means,
FIG. 14 is a plan view of the floor frame.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, the invention pertains to an unattended self-contained terminal 10 at which customers may walk or drive up to conduct remote automated banking transactions or other similar transactions that are possible with electronic computer and data processing systems. Shown in FIG. 1 is the terminal 10 which comprises an automatic teller machine (ATM) 11, housed in an enclosure 12 which is constructed of vertical planar walls in the nature of a security vault and which occupies a floor space of a minimum of four by eight feet. The control panel and transfer devices 13 of the ATM are exposed to the exterior of the enclosure 12, being projected through an opening 14 in the front eight foot wall 15. A secured door 16 in the left four foot end wall 17 permits entry into the vault or interior of the enclosure 12 to bank service personnel or to ATM maintenance crews. In addition to a means 18 for locking the door 16 a viewing port 19 allows persons inside the enclosure 12 to view the exterior area adjacent to the door 16. A panel 20 is for display of instructions and/or advertising matter on the front wall 15. Cover plate 21 closes an access port to a base subassembly hereafter described. The enclosure 12 has an integral floor 22 and a roof assembly 23 which may be detacted by means provided in the interior of the enclosure 12. Heating and air conditioning systems 69 are incorporated in the roof assembly 23, FIG. 1. The entire terminal is factory assembled for subsequent transportation by heavy equipment to the installation sites.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the floor plan of the enclosure 12 in the operational and servicing (or maintenance) configurations respectively. The entry door 16 opens into a work area 24 which is provided with a swing-away stool 25 and a fold-away table 26, both for the use and convenience of service personnel. In the operational configuration for servicing customers on the outside of the enclosure 12 its inside space limitations prevent the opening of ATM cabinet doors 27 and the equipment drawers 28. It is therefore necessary to reposition the ATM 11 for servicing. The ATM 11 is supported by a base subassembly comprising a movable carriage and a rotatable turntable 29 which allows a rearward translational motion so that the flange 30 of the ATM 11 may clear the wall opening 14 after which counterclockwise rotary motion of ninety degrees permits opening of cabinet doors 27 and equipment drawers 28 into the enclosure work area 24. Translational motion is powered by an electric motor drive system. With the ATM 11 in the servicing position, a sliding steel plate 31 is manually moved to close the front wall opening 14 to secure the enclosure 12 and preserve the internal ambient environment as regulated by the heating and air conditioning system 69. When the ATM 11 is in the servicing position bank personnel can perform their functions, such as restocking the currency elevator, collecting customer deposits and information from the ATM computer. Computer maintenance crews have access to the equipment drawers for testing, adjustment, or repair of the electronic apparatus.
The turntable assembly 29 is incorporated in the floor 22 which has, FIG. 14, a five inch deep channel perimeter frame 33. Cross members 34 support the concrete floor of the work area 24 and cross members 35 support the carriage and turntable assemblies 29.
A preferred embodiment of the carriage and turntable assemblies 29 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Translational motion is produced by a powered drive system while rotational movement is caused by the applied manual force of the servicing personnel. The powered drive for translational motion is activated from a three position electrical switch 36, mounted in the work area 24 (See FIGS. 2 and 3). The powered drive, FIG. 4, comprises a reversiblel electrical motor 37, a speed reducer and right angle transfer mechanism 38, a universal joint 39 for connection to a threaded drive shaft 40 (See also FIG. 8) which engages and extends through a traveling nut 41 (See also FIGS. 9 and 10). The traveling nut 41 is captiated by a nut collar 42 (See also FIGS. 11 and 12) that is welded to te bottom side of the main plate 43 of the turntable assembly. Rotation of the drive shaft 40 causes the nut 41 to "chase the threads", thus providing a translational motion of the carriage. Clockwise rotation of the shaft 40 moves the turntable 29, and ATM 11, from the operational to the servicing position.
A multiplicity of transfer bearings 44, typically of the ball in socket type (as for example, the commercial Matthews type 501), are fixed to the enclosure base plate 45 in a distributed pattern, such as shown in FIG. 4, to provide support of the turntable main plate 43 in all of its possible positions. The transfer bearings 44 limit friction during translational motion of the carriage and rotational motion of the turntable plate 43.
A guide pin 46 is fixed near the edge of the turntable main plate 43 in an orthogonal plane intersecting the axis of the drive shaft 40. As the nut 41 chases the thread of the rotating shaft 40 the guide pin 46 follows between guide members 47 and 48, each attached to the base plate 45, so that the turntable 29 and ATM 11 are maintained in an accurate position during withdrawal and during return to the operational position. At the limit of the withdrawal travel of the carriage 29 the motor 37 is deactivated. At this limit the guide pin 46 will clear member 48 so as to permit manual rotation of the turntable 43 through ninety degrees in the counterclockwise sense until the pin 46 strikes the positive stop 49. A retainer member 50, in fixed position between the base plate 45 and the work area floor plate 51, constrains the entire turntable assembly 29 and the ATM thereon to precise positions.
A mechanical stop 52 is provided as an integral extension of the turntable main plate 43. As this stop 52 strikes the retainer 50 clockwise rotation of the turntable assembly is limited so that the ATM 11 is positioned to re-enter the bezel 53 and wall opening 14. As the forward translational movement of the carriage 29 progresses, gguide pin 46 and guide members 47 and 48 align the ATM 11 for positive re-entry into the bezel 53 and wall opening 14 for seating against weatherstripping, if the steel plate 31 is stowed. Spacer plate 68, FIG. 5, allows vertical adjustment of the ATM 11.
In the event of an electrical or mechanical malfunction, during servicing, the ATM 11 must be returned to its operational position to ensure security of the terminal 10. Near the base of the front wall 15, plate 21 covers an access port 54 through which an extension bar and socket like wrench 55 (See FIG. 13) may be inserted to engage the threaded end of the drive shaft 40. By virtue of a female thread 56 of the socket wrench 55, the drive shaft may be turned manually only in the required direction of pull the ATM 11 to the forward position to engage the bezel 53 and wall opening 14.
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an alternative embodiment of apparatus for supporting and moving the ATM 11. In the alternative a support table assembly 57 of rectangular form rides on two tubular guide and framing rails 58, each of which is disposed at opposite edges of the table 57. The support table assembly 57 together with the drive apparatus, previously described, provide translational motion of the ATM 11 from its forward operational position toward the interior of the enclosure 12 for servicing. For manual rotary motion the support assembly 57 carries a superimposed turntable assembly 68, of partial circular form, upon which the ATM 11 is mounted.
The support table assembly 57 comprises a rectangular base plate 59, angle members 60 attached to and extending across two opposite edges of the plate 59, a multiplicity of ball-socket bearings 61 attached to each angle member 60 so as to distribute the load while engaging with the tubular guide and framing rails 58, triangular web elements 62 to reinforce the attachment of the base plate 59 and angle members 60, a multiplicity of ball-socket bearings 63, distributed in a circular pattern on the upper surface of the plate 59 so as to engage and support the turntable assembly 58, a circular flange 64 mounted to the upper surface (at the center of the circular pattern of bearings 63) to contain, position and guide the turntable assembly 58, and a threaded member or nut 65, oriented and attached to the upper surface of the plate 59 through which a drive shaft 40, of the power train previously described extends to produce translational motion on activation of the electrical motor 37.
The alternate turntable assembly 58 comprises a flat plate 66, having a plan view shape similar to that of the main plate 43 with stop 52 previously described in the preferred embodiment (see FIG. 4). To the bottom side of the plate 66 is fixed a center post 67. When installed superimposed on the support table assembly 57 the center pot 67 is contained within the flange 64 of the rectangular base plate 59.
Applicable to the alternative embodiment are other features providing limits of travel and manual recovery in the event of malfunction or electrical power failure as previously described for the preferred embodiment.
While the invention has been described in terms of certain specific embodiments, it is understood that various modifications and substitutions can be made in any of them within the scope of appended claims which are intended to include equivalents of such embodiments.
1. A portable terminal for conducting remote electronic banking transactions with pedestrians and motorists, using an automated teller machine housed within a secured enclosure that is adapted for installation in narrow places comprising drive-through service islands, pedestrian walkways, malls, and retail outlets, said enclosure having an interior vault wherein a first volume of spaced occuped by said teller machine, as located for transactional operations responsive to said pedestrians and motorists, precludes access to the internal elements of said machine, and a second volume of space contiguous to said first volume, having a secured means of entry thereto, comprises working space for service personnel to service, test, and maintain said teller machine, wherein the improvement comprises:
- a. turntable upon which said teller machine is mounted;
- b. mechanical carriage supporting said turntable, operable by said service personnel for moving said teller machine from its operational location where transactions are performed by said pedestrians and motorists to an interior location within said secured enclosure interfacing said second volume of space comprising working space for visiting service personnel, and
- c. means, responsive to said service personnel, for rotation of said turntable and said teller machine mounted thereto through a sector of azimuth angles about a vertical axis so as to permit access by said service personnel for their routine servicing, testing, and maintaining of said interior elements of said teller machine.
2. A portable terminal for conducting remote electronic banking transctions with pedestrians and motorists, according to claim 1, wherein said enclosure occupies a minimum area of 4 to 8 feet, and accepts teller machines weighing in the range of 1000 to 3600 lbs. requiring cabinets as large as 28 inches wide, 36 inches deep, and 72 inches tall, with a first exterior wall at the front of said enclosure extending for a nominal length of 8 feet, said first wall having an aperture therein at said operational location through which customer-responsive elements and controls are positioned when said teller machine is located for said transactional operations; means for securely closing said aperture when said teller machine is moved from said operational location; and wherein said sector of azimuth angles for rotation of said platform and teller machine is at least 90 degrees.
3. A portable terminal for conducting remote electronic banking transactions with customers comprising pedestrians and motorists, using an automated teller machine housed within a secured enclosure having four vertical walls, a roof, and a base subassembly adapted in a rectangular plan configuration for installation in narrow places comprising drive-through service island, pedestrian walkways, malls and retail outlets, a secured vault of said enclosure having protected working space therein adjacent to said teller machine for service personnel to service, test, and maintain said teller machine, said enclosure having means for minimizing variations of the interior ambient environment, wherein the improvement comprises:
- a. a mechanical carriage, assembled in said base subassembly, for moving said teller machine from its operational location at a frontal wall of said enclsoure whereat said customers make said banking transactions to an internal location within said vault of the enclosure whereat said service personnel service, test, and maintain said teller machine, the motion of said carriage being reversible and responsive to the control of said service personnel;
- b. a mechanical turntable assembled upon said carriage and operable at said internal vault location for the rotation of said teller machine about a vertical axis through a sector of azimuth angles thereby permitting the cabinet of said teller machine to be opened for access to the internal elements thereof by said service personnel to enable the servicing, testing, and maintenance of said teller machine, the rotation of said turntable being reversible and responsive to forces applied by said service personnel;
- c. means for constraining the translational motion of said carriage to a defined path between said operational and internal locations;
- d. means for limiting azimuth rotation of said turntable and teller machine;
- e. a reversible electromechanical drive system, responsive to control by said service personnel, for propelling said carriage; and
- f. means, operable by said service personnel, for manually securing said terminal under emergency conditions comprising loss of electrical power and equipment malfunctions to inhibit entry of said enclosure by unauthorized persons.
4. A portable terminal for conducting remote electronic banking transactions with customers comprising pedestrians and motorists, according to claim 3, wherein said base subassembly comprising said carriage and said turntable still further comprises:
- a. a main plate, upon which said teller machine is mounted, of truncated circular configuration having an integral extension of said main plate along the line of truncation forming a means for mechanical registry of said teller machine relative to said frotal wall of the enclosure, and a nut collar affixed to the underside of said main plate at the center of said truncated circular configuration for the application of translational forces;
- b. a multiplicity of load transfer bearings, in excess of three, fixed to the upper surface of a base plate of said enclosure, said transfer bearings distributed in a pattern so as to engage and support said main plate with said teller machine mounted thereon, for reducing friction of said carriage and turntable;
- c. said reversible electromechanical drive system for producing said translational motion further comprising:
- a reversible electrical motor for generating mechanical power;
- a speed reducer and right angle drive mechanism for transfer of said mechanical power;
- a universal joint for coupling said drive mechanism to a threaded drive shaft;
- a traveling nut for engaging said drive shaft so as to chase its threads thereby applying said translational forces to said main plate, said nut being assembled and retained within said nut collar; and
- a three-position switch located on an inside surface of a wall enclosing said vault working space whereby said service personnel applies electrical power to operate said reversible electromechanical drive system for propelling said carriage.
5. A portable terminal for conducting remote electronic banking tranactions with customers comprising pedestrians and motorists, according to claim 3, wherein said means for constraining the translational motion of said carriage to a defined path between said operational and internal locations further comprises:
- a. a U-shaped retainer, affixed in orthogonal manner between said base plate of said enclosure and a parallel floor plate in said vault, said retainer for enabling a maximum distance of translational motion;
- b. a pair of cooperating guide members, forming a channel, for containing a guie pin during translational motion, said guide members having an exit for said guide pin at the maximum point of inward translational motion thereby enabling rotational motion of said turntable, said cooperating guide members affixed orthogonally to said enclosure base plate in a direction parallel to and containing the rotational axis of said drive shaft;
- c. said guide pin, fixed to said main plate near its circular edge located along the diameter bisecting said line of main plate truncation, for stabilizing the azimuth angle of said carriage and turntable throughout said translational motion, and for enabling a range of 90 degrees of rotational motion; and
- d. a mechanical stop affixed between said enclosure base plate and said U-shaped retainer for enabling, in cooperation with said guide pin, azimuth rotation in a counterclockwise sense through 90 circular degrees, thereby locating said teller machine for maintenance servicing from the position of said vault working space.
6. A portable terminal for conducting remote electronic banking transactions with customers comprising pedestrians and motorists, according to claim 3, wherein said means, operable by said service personnel for manually securing said terminal under energency conditions comprising loss of electrical power and equipment malfunctions to inhibit entry of said enclosure by unauthorized persons, further comprises:
- a. a hand tool in the nature of a cranking wrench, formed of a ratchet, extension rod, and a socket having female threads therein, for the manual application of force via said electromechanical drive system to said carriage which supports said teller machine;
- b. a threaded end of a shaft of said drive system upon which said socket with female threads may be engaged for manual rotation of said shaft in the direction required to return said teller machine to said operational location;
- a nut, assembled upon said shaft having threads thereon, said nut responsive to rotation of said shaft, for producing translational forces and resulting motion of said carriage;
- d. a main support plate of said carriage and turntable assemblies having a nut collar affixed to its central point, said collar for containing said nut and for transfering the forces and resulting motion of said nut to said main support plate upon which said teller machine is mounted; and
- e. an access port in said base subassembly of said enclosure through which said hand tool is inserted to engage said threaded shaft, said access port having a removable cover plate.
7. A base subassembly of a remote electronic banking terminal, of the type having a narrow rectangular floor plan for installation upon drive-up service islands and pedestrian walkways where customers make transactions through an unattended automated teller machine, comprising:
- a. a rectangular plate forming a subfloor permanently attachable to the vertical walls of said terminal;
- b. a pair of guide and framing rails, arranged in parallel and affixed to said plate in orthogonal directions relative to the sides having the larger dimension;
- c. a support table, reversibly movable, having means for riding upon said guide an framing rails between a first location of said teller machine for operational transactions with said customers and a second location in the interior of said terminal where servicing of said machine is performed by service personnel;
- d. a reversible electromechanical drive system, for propelling said support table upon said rails, responsive to commands of said service personnel that are entered by operation of a three-position electrical switch located within the interior working space of said terminal; and
- e. a turntable, reversibly rotatable, when said teller machine is placed at its servicing location, responsive in rotation to manual forces applied by said service personnel, said turntable superimposed upon said support table.
8. a base subassembly of a remote electronic banking terminal, according to claim 7, still further comprising:
- a. said support table, comprising:
- a rectangular table plate in a plane parallel to said subfloor;
- a pair of right angle members attached to and extending across opposite edges of said table plate, in a manner that locates the inside angle corners on the underside of said angle members;
- a first multiplicity of ball-socket bearings, half of which are attached to the underside of each said angle member for distributing the load and reducing friction while engaging and moving on said guide and framing rails;
- a multiplicity of triangular web elements for reinforcing the attachment of said rectangular table plate to each said angular member;
- a second multiplicity of ball-socket bearings, distributed in a circular pattern and affixed to the upper surface of said table plate for distributing the load and reducing friction while engaging said turntable during rotation;
- a circular flange, mounted to the upper surface of said table plate at the center of said circular pattern of ball-socket bearings, for containing, positioning, and guiding said turntable; and
- a threaded nut, attached adjacent to said circular flange to the upper surface of said table plate, for coupling to a threaded shaft of said electromechanical drive system;
- b. an electromechanical drive system for providing translational motion of said support table, comprising;
- a reversible electrical motor for generating mechanical power;
- a speed reducer and right angle drive mechanism for transfer of said mechanical power; and
- a universal joint for coupling said drive mechanism to said threaded shaft for producing said translational motion through said threaded nut;
- c. said turntable, comprising:
- a flat turntable plate, having a truncated circular form, positioned in a plane parallel to said table plate and said subfloor engaging said second multiplicity of ball-socket bearings, for supporting said teller machine mounted thereon; and
- a center post, affixed to the underside of said first turntable plate, for containment within said circular flange of said support table thereby controlling said rotary motion.
|April 1915
|February 1935
|May 1937
|March 1966
|Grosswiller, Jr. et al.
|October 24, 1978
|December 18, 1979
|August 23, 1983
|November 29, 1983
|Williams et al.
|August 1982
Type: Grant
Filed: Jun 27, 1983
Date of Patent: Feb 5, 1985
Assignee: Commercial Modular Systems, Inc. (Frederick, MD)
Inventors: Richard A. Ferris (Rockville, MD), Roger M. Hess (Mount Airy, NC), James R. Garman (Thurmont, MD)
Primary Examiner: Gene Mancene
Assistant Examiner: James R. Hakomaki
Attorney: Eugene F. Osborne, Sr.
Application Number: 6/508,255
International Classification: G07F 500;


text:
You are reporting the following comment to the PledgeBank team:
This govt is privatising the NHS by stealth (ask a hospital radiologist how many NHS as opposed to private patients they see nowadays) giving away schools to any business with a few quid to put down, doing all it can to do away with social housing and prosecuting an illegal war. This govt. wants to do anything it can to crush and fragment opposition, and that is why they want the ID card. I believe we need a real socialist party to mobilise opposition to this govt and bring it down. I am a pensioner, about to become a grandmother twice over. I will not sell my grandchildrens' birthright.Please can Liberty make a badge saying I will not register for an ID card? 10,000 people wearing one of these might make a good start.And may I make a special plea to pensioners? Court cases against pensioners always make the headlines, don't they? And nothing make the govt look bad like threatening little old ladies. So please get behind this pledge. Stellastella hargreaves, 15 years ago.


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