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Dams or Indigenous Land: The Battle over the Munduruku Frontier
- February 20, 2015
- Mongabay.com
The Munduruku Indigenous tribe have begun to mark out the limits of their land, in an action that could halt the giant São Luiz do Tapajós hydroelectric dam, the apple of the Brazilian government's eye. Although sacred, this land will be flooded if the dam goes ahead. "We are not leaving," says the village chief.
Along the banks of Brazil's Tapajós River in the west of the state of Pará, the forest undergrowth crackles as Munduruku warriors march over it. They are about 20 in number, all strong, their arms and chests painted in patterns taken from the shell of the giant tortoise. They work in near silence, with an occasional word spoken in their mother tongue, Munduruku. They take care as they move forward, for the forest floor is littered with vines, thorny branches, and decomposing tree trunks. Their steps are slow and deliberate. At their own speed, the warriors are preparing for battle.
The Munduruku have adopted a new strategy, waging war in a way that they have never done before, even though their history of warfare goes back well before their first recorded contact with the Portuguese in 1768.
Armed with sickles and machetes, they are clearing a strip of land, four meters wide and seven kilometers long, which will mark out the limit of their land. They are calling it the "self-demarcation" of the Indigenous Territory of Sawré Muybu. Cut out of the tall forest, the cleared track is a defensive trench in the battle to stop the advance of hydroelectric dams into the Tapajós River basin.
With the support of environmentalists and Brazil's Federal Public Ministry – an independent branch of the federal government that defends the rights of disadvantaged minorities, particularly the Indigenous population – the Munduruku have become the biggest obstacle yet faced by Dilma Rousseff's government in its attempt to exploit the energy potential of the Tapajós River network.
The Munduruku opted for self-demarcation of their land in October 2014, after waiting seven years for the government's Indian Agency, Funai, to take action. It was only in September 2013, after long delays, that the agency drew up a document entitled the "Detailed Report on the Identification and Delimitation of the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land," which recognized the area as being of "historic settlement" of the Munduruku Indians and defined the borders of their territory. But the report, unpublished, is still languishing on the desk of Funai's president.
Obtaining official access to the report, Pública has (unofficially) published it in its entirety. Its 193 pages constitute a meticulous account of the historic links that the Munduruku have with their land. It points out that the "physical and cultural reproduction" of the113 people now living there will be threatened by the hydroelectric projects.
The unpublished report concludes: "If the Indigenous peoples are to be given the legal security to which they are entitled and to have their other rights fully respected, it is essential that the state recognizes the Indigenous Territory of Sawré Muybu."
Find out more and read the full document here.
The government's reluctance to publish the report stems from the fact that marking out the Sawré Muybu territory could halt a hydroelectric dam that is considered of strategic importance by the federal government – the São Luiz do Tapajós plant, designed to be the third largest in the country at an expected cost of 30 billion reais (US$11.2 billion) and with a maximum generating capacity of 8,040 megawatts. But, the project would lead to flooding of large areas of the Sawré Muybu Indigenous land, making it impossible for the Indigenous people to continue living there.
Permanently evicting Indigenous people from their land is forbidden under article 231 of Brazil's Constitution. And, in a confidential memo dated September 25th, 2013, to which Pública had access, Funai pointed out that such a measure would infringe on the Brazilian Constitution. In the memo, Funai recommended that the government halt construction of the dam.
To get around the problem, the government is arguing that the Sawré Muybu Indigenous land has never officially been recognized as belonging to the Munduruku – a claim that has infuriated warriors and chiefs throughout the Tapajós basin.
The gateway into the Munduruku world
The Munduruku, who live along the banks of the Tapajós River and its tributaries, are one of the largest ethnic groups in Brazil, numbering over 13,000 men, women, and children. Most of their villages will feel the impact of the dams. Seven hydroelectric dams are planned for the basin as well as two others, already under construction, on the Teles Pires River, a tributary of the Tapajós, on the border with the state of Mato Grosso.
If constructed, the dams are expected to lead to a decline in the abundance of fish and game – both of which are critical for the Munduruku's survival. This impact is the main reason chiefs and warriors throughout the river basin have mobilized against the dams. But there is also a city-dwelling minority of the Munduruku people that support the dam projects.
Worried about what the dams would mean for their territory as a whole, representatives of all the Munduruku villages met and decided that Sawré Muybu was a make-or-break issue. This territory is not just crucial for the families who live there, but also of great significance to Munduruku as it is here that Kapap' Eipi is located – the sacred land where the first Munduruku, the animals, and the Tapajós River were all born. Given its spiritual importance and the amount of political conflict it is generating, Sawré Muybu could perhaps be viewed as a kind of Munduruku Jerusalem.
"This is the gateway to our territory. We have come to protect the land for our children and grandchildren," said Saw Rexatpu, a Munduruku warrior and historian, speaking at the end of long day working on the demarcation. "Our great grandparents died fighting here and we are continuing the fight in their wake. If I die here, my story will live on after me."
Rexatpu traveled for three days in response to the call of Juarez Saw Munduruku, chief of the Sawré Muybu village.
But what if this strategy backfires and the government orders them to leave?
"We won't go," the chief responded without batting an eye. And if the police remove you by force? "That will be the end of us and our world, because the only way they will get us out is by killing us."
If Funai won't mark out our territory, we will
Non-Indigenous riverside dwellers, who will also be seriously impacted by the dams, have joined forces with the Munduruku. The alliance was sealed during the demarcation expedition, which relied on crucial help from Francisco Firmino Silva, known as Chico Catitu, a woodsman from the Montanha-Mangabal community of riverside dwellers. The first person to make his way through the dense vegetation, Catitu would leave marks in the forest so that the Munduruku would know where to clear the track. His profound knowledge as a woodsman worked in combination with the GPS guidance provided by social scientist, Maurício Torres, and historian, Felipe Garcia, both working as volunteers. The group followed the demarcation coordinates originally prepared by Funai precisely – and now collecting dust in an office in Brasilia.
Apart from having official approval, the team worked in much the same way as an official demarcation team. The biggest difference is the lack of logistic support. Without government backing, the team would receive little medical help if anything went wrong. The risks are considerable.
The Pública reporting team saw for itself how easy it would be for a conflict to erupt with loggers, who are illegally invading the Indigenous area. A large felled tree (about five meters in circumference and more than 30 meters tall) lay on the ground; beside it, a rough track into the forest showed where a logger was working. A week before, at another spot in the forest, the loggers on motorbikes and trucks had surrounded the Munduruku. A few days later, the Munduruku approached a group of 300 wild-cat miners searching for diamonds on Munduruku land. When told that the Munduruku were marking out their territory, the miners said they would only leave if the demarcation became official.
The Munduruku have already been subjected to many cycles of pressure on their territory and their way of life. In the early 20th Century, missionaries sought to catechize the Indigenous peoples. Unsuccessful in their efforts, they then tried to stop the Indigenous people from using their native language and continuing with their traditions. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the Indian Protection Service (SPI), which was the precursor to Funai, set up a rubber trading post on Munduruku land in an unsuccessful attempt to turn the Indigenous Munduruku into rubber tappers. More recently, it has been the invasion of their land by loggers and miners that has caused the most concern. But now there is a more serious threat – the planned construction of hydroelectric dams.
As they stake out the forest with posts, the Indigenous population and the riverside dwellers are giving concrete expression to a legal dispute, which has been fought in Brazilian courts for over two years. Just as in the legal battle over the licensing of the huge Belo Monte dam, which lies further to the east along the Xingu River, the Federal Public Ministry has taken the lead and has gone to court eight times to demand that the government respect the rights of the local inhabitants in the Tapajós.
What is proving different in this case is the result of lessons that the Munduruku have learnt from what went wrong with Indigenous attempts to block the Belo Monte dam on the Xingu River. After helping the Indigenous groups stage an occupation of the Belo Monte construction works in May 2013, the Munduruku then accompanied them in their negotiations with the dam builders: these Indigenous groups gave up their right to fish, to hunt, and to fell small areas of forest for subsistence farming in return for regular food hampers, pickup trucks, and other goods. Now, some Munduruku Indians are horrified by the way the Indigenous villages near Belo Monte have become so dependent on government authorities.
Life in the Sawré Muybu village today has two equally time-consuming activities: as well as marking out their land and holding meetings, the chief and the warriors are scrambling to take advantage of the dry season to plant cassava and squash. They need not only to monitor what the government is doing and what is happening in the courts but also to follow the normal village routines on which their lives depend. While they are upset by defeats in the courts and rejoice when they win, they are aware all the time that they must press ahead with their defense strategies.
The decision to mark out their territory was taken after a heated argument with the then interim president of Funai, Maria Augusta Assirati. In a meeting that the Munduruku filmed, Assirati admitted that the dams were the main reason why there were so many obstacles in the way of marking out the Sawré Muybu territory.
"I think this Indigenous land should be demarcated and the report should be published, but this decision does not depend on the will of just one government agency," Assirati said. On hearing Assirati admit that she could not overrule the hydroelectric dam lobby, Munduruku spokesperson, Roseninho Saw Munduruku, called on her to resign.
"As I see it, if you don't want to support Funai, you should resign. You are not interested in defending our cause," he said.
Assirati was reduced to tears and said she would stay in her job because she believed she could turn the situation around. Nine days later she resigned as president of Funai.
"You'll never get it"
The Munduruku have their own distinct political organization: they hold a meeting before they nominate the leaders who are to represent them before the pariwat (non-indigenous). Roseninho was chosen as the Sawré Muybu spokesperson and coordinator of the Pahyhyp Association, which represents the Indigenous tribes living along the middle course of the Tapajós. However, he cannot take decisions alone. What he says in public, in Portuguese is first discussed among the community in Munduruku. With each new development, Roseninho goes back to the village and attends long meetings in which everyone, including children, may participate.
This political tradition predates all talk of dams. At least once a year, the Munduruku hold a three-day general assembly, with discussions often lasting into the early hours of the morning.
Roseninho says he does not like the responsibility of representing the group outside the village, and, because he is so involved, he feels most keenly the setbacks in the legal war. This is exactly what happened in early November 2014 when he met the federal prosecutor, Luís de Camões Lima Boaventura. The prosecutor, from the Federal Public Ministry, is one of the most effective defenders of the Munduruku in the courts and was even named an "honorary warrior" in a Munduruku ritual. But on that day he had to break some bad news.
Camões Boaventura had earlier obtained a legal victory in the federal courts, obtaining a court order instructing Funai to publish the Sawré Muybu report, but then he was informed that the Office of the General Counsel, which is the federal government's legal defense body, had got that decision overruled in a higher court in Brasília. In other words, Funai would continue to sit on the demarcation report.
As the prosecutor broke the news, Roseninho and other leaders stood dumbstruck. For a long while, they did not show any reaction. Camões Boaventura even tried to lighten the mood. "You're not going to let the cat get your tongue now of all times, are you?" he joked. But Roseninho could only mumble: "I have no words."
The following day Roseninho arrived, disheartened, in the port of Itaituba, the closest town to the village of Sawré Muybu. In a rare expression of despair and almost crying, he said: "How can I bring news of this defeat to my people? How am I going to tell this to the chief?"
Aware of the communication difficulties between Indigenous and non-Indigenous, he turned to us, speaking brusquely, "What do you want to ask? Do you want to know about the history of the Munduruku? I'll tell you: the men, they are the dogs; the women, they are the fish. Now, how you are going to understand that? Because I can tell you this – you'll never get it."
The tortoise-men
Despite the disquiet in the village, the Munduruku of Sawré Muybu carry on with their routines. In the mornings, the women sweep the dirt floors of their houses, which have rough, wooden walls, full of holes, and roofs made from babaçu palm leaves. Chickens and dogs quickly go after the scraps of food that are brushed out of the huts. There is almost no biodegradable trash for everything gets used. The adults carry out subsistence farming, fish, and hunt. The water they use comes from a crystal-clear stream that flows beside the village. After school, children run around and pick fruit from the trees. The only squabble we witnessed had to do with the time a child could spend in the water.
"Mom only lets me go swimming three times a day!" complained a boy, who wanted to go down to the river with his friends a further time on that hot and sunny day. He went off to talk to her and, moments later, he jumped into the cool stream, sporting a smile from ear to ear.
What is on the menu is always a surprise. People only know what will be served for lunch or dinner when the fishermen and hunters return. The village's teenagers clean the fish and game and set aside a portion for their family. Every day our reporting team was in the village, we were fed a different type of meat: armadillo, tortoise, venison, and tasty wild boar from species locally known as caititu and porcão. And the types of fish were so varied we lost count.
It is difficult to imagine how this population could survive in an environment with scant supply of game and fish.
Among the concerns raised by the talk of dams, the villagers' greatest fear is being forced to live in a town or city.
"We don't know how to live like you," Aldira Akai Munduruku explained. "We have always lived in the forest, hunting and fishing. People in the city depend on money. If you don't have money, you don't eat."
Five months pregnant and the mother of a two-year-old, Aldira still remembers the hunger she suffered when she lived in the town of Jacareacanga as a child.
In the stories told by the elders, narratives that weave together people and animals in the same being, the most prevalent hero is the tortoise. Thanks to its intelligence and astuteness, it always triumphs over the strength and arrogance of its enemies: the tapir, the anaconda, and the jaguar. And to evoke these characteristics, the warriors paint themselves in patterns like those on the tortoise's shell.
Stories of past wars are also retold. In the second half of the 18th Century, the Munduruku launched several attacks on Portuguese camps. The colonial agents reacted by sending in the troops. One of the tributaries of the Tapajós actually became known as Rio das Tropas (Troops' River). It was during this period that the Munduruku gained the reputation of being "head hunters." As the name suggests, they would cut off the head of an enemy, mummify it, impale it on a stake, and put it on the border of their territory as a warning. The practice was abandoned over a century ago, but the Munduruku call on the symbolic power of the image by painting a mummified head on the notices they post along the demarcation trail.
Although they defend their lands, they do not like being labeled a violent people.
"The Munduruku are peaceful. But when you rub salt into their wounds, they get angry," said Deusiano Saw Munduruku, a school teacher in Sawré Muybu. The name of the dam resistance movement is Ipêreg Ayû, which means "the people who know how to defend themselves."
Roseninho explained: "The government says we are behaving aggressively. But, in fact, it is them who are behaving aggressively towards us."
Police operations lead to a death
Indeed, in the recent history of tension between the Munduruku warriors and the armed forces of the Brazilian state, the most violent episodes were the result of actions undertaken, not by the Munduruku, but by the government. And these actions often proved counter-productive: in the villages of the Teles Pires, situated higher up the Tapajós River, oppositions to the dams grew stronger than ever after a tragic Federal Police operation.
In November 2012, Adenilson Kirixi Munduruku was fatally shot by police officer Antonio Carlos Moriel Sanches. According to the complaint filed by the Federal Public Ministry, which charged the policeman with homicide, the Munduruku had an altercation with Moriel Sanches, who was attempting to destroy a barge that the Munduruku used for dredging for gold in the river. The policeman was shoved and fell into the river. Once he scrambled out, he shot Adenilson in the legs and then in the neck, killing him. Moriel Sanches was subsequently acquitted by a court.
Maria Leusa Cosme Kaba Munduruku, the women's representative on the Iperêg Ayû movement, was horrified by the ferocity of the police's reaction after the first shots had been fired.
"It became clear to us: the government has come to wage war on the Munduruku," she said.
According to the federal prosecutor, Janaína Andrade, the police behaved aggressively because they were seeking to stop women and older people from reacting to the death but they ended up injuring many others.
"One man even got a bone broken. Afterwards, they [the police] picked up the cartridges and arrested 17 Indigenous people, including some children," the prosecutor stated.
A video filmed by a Munduruku Indian shows the police shooting in an area in the village filled with women and children. On the following day, the Munduruku also recorded the village's grief when Adenilson's body was found at the river.
Less than one year later, the Munduruku had another traumatic encounter with the police. In March 2013, some Indians from Sawré Muybu came across biologists carrying out an environmental-impact assessment of the São Luiz do Tapajós hydroelectric plant within Indigenous territory. Since they had not been consulted about – or even informed of – the assessment beforehand, the Munduruku expelled the group from their land.
The government's reaction was out of all proportion, according to the Munduruku.
"The police arrived by helicopter, in two large boats and in 40 smaller boats," said Chief Juarez.
According to a press release issued by the government, it sent in police from the National Security Force (a new force created by the Federal Government in 2004 and directly under its control) "to provide logistic support for the researchers and to guarantee their safety."
The Tapajós Expedition, the name given by the government to the police operation, lasted one month. Young Munduruku still remember the noise of the helicopter hovering over the village. Frightened parents locked their children inside their homes. The people had to stop hunting and only fished on riverbanks near the village.
"It seemed as if they were waiting for us to do something wrong so that they could attack us. It was like what happened in Teles Pires. We decided to keep quiet," Chief Juarez recalled. "It was as if we were prisoners in the village."
The courts got involved. After receiving evidence that the Munduruku were being intimidated on their own lands by the military, a federal court suspended the hydroelectric station's operating license. This decision, published in April 2013, was, in fact, in response to an earlier prosecution, filed by the Federal Public Ministry in September 2012. At that time the ministry had requested the government suspend work on the dams on account of two flaws in the licensing process: failure to conduct prior consultations with the Indigenous population and riverside dwellers, and failure to carry out a Comprehensive Environmental Assessment, a study that measures the impact of the whole dam complex on the region.
Ten days later, the injunction was overruled, and the Tapajós Expedition continued apace. The government had convinced the Supreme Federal Tribunal, Brazil's highest judicial authority, to authorize a Suspension Order for overruling the injunction on safety and security grounds. It was the same procedure by that ensured work on the Belo Monte dam would continue unhindered. Bypassing normal legal procedures, this mechanism convinced the tribunal to accept that stopping work on a hydroelectric dam would lead to "serious harm to public order, health, safety and finances."
Prosecutor: government views environmental license as 'mere formality'
Though the Supreme Federal Tribunal did not back the earlier decision to suspend the hydroelectric station's operating license, it did support the ruling that prior consultation must take place. The argument for this is based on Convention no. 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), ratified by Brazil, which establishes the right of traditional communities to be heard. Despite the binding nature of the convention, it was clear that the voices of the Munduruku and the riverside dwellers were not being properly heard in the licensing procedure drawn up by the government. In theory, this is the stage when the project should be scrutinized and, in the case of serious impacts, redrafted or redesigned. In theory, Brazil's environmental agency, IBAMA, could even declare the project unviable.
But the Ministry of Mining and Energy had already shown that this is not how it works in practice. In September 2014, the ministry announced the date for companies to bid for contracts for the installation of the São Luiz do Tapajós station, even though Funai had not yet published the Indigenous Component Report, the study examining the impact of the dam on the local population. The Funai report is an essential part of the consultation process that must occur before contracts are awarded.
"How is it possible that they brought this step forward? Is the government expecting IBAMA to sign off on the project, even before it's seen the studies?" asked Prosecutor Camões Boaventura. "It seems that the government sees the environmental license as a mere formality."
After the influential O Globo newspaper drew attention to this irregularity, the bidding was postponed.
For ten days, Pública's reporting team tried to contact the government bodies linked to the project. IBAMA, ANEEL (The Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency), and the group in charge of the impact studies all stated that they do not talk about projects that are in the process of licensure. Funai and the Energy Research Company (a research body linked to the Ministry of Mines and Energy) said they were too busy. The General Secretariat of the Presidency (which plays a key role in government) did not even reply to the reporting team's repeated requests for an interview.
"Building the Tapajós dam is non-negotiable"
In the second week of November, as they were preparing for the first meeting of the prior consultation ordered by the Tribunal, Minister Gilberto Carvalho, who heads the General Secretariat of the Presidency, dashed the Munduruku's hopes.
In an interview with the BBC, Carvalho said that nothing the Indigenous population said could stop the construction of the dam. "This consultation is not about taking a decision [about whether or not to build the dam]. It is being held to meet demands, to mitigate negative impacts. The building of the Tapajós dam is non-negotiable."
The interview was translated into Munduruku during a meeting in the village that will be flooded by the dam. It was one of the few times we were able to understand what was being said, since there are apparently no words in Munduruku for "minister" and "devil."
One week later, 40 Munduruku men and women marched in silence to the FUNAI office in Itaituba. Three blocks from the office, one warrior signaled with his arm for everyone to take off his shirt. They had recently reapplied the tortoise patterns and they now covered their entire chests and both their arms.
The group entered the office, confiscated the keys to the doors and cars, and demanded the publication of the demarcation report.
"We want Brasilia to mark out our land now. We know how to care for it better than IBAMA or the Chico Mendes Conservation Institution (ICMBio) do," said Chief Juarez, referring to their recent encounters with loggers and miners.
After seven hours of negotiations, the only thing they were offered was a meeting with the new interim president of the FUNAI, Flávio Chiarelli Azevedo, to be held in Brasília eight days later.
"To hear the same thing we always do?" Juarez asked. "We are not going." The group realized that the government was not particularly worried by their occupation of the FUNAI office and decided to return to the village.
Despite the risk of provoking a violent confrontation, the Munduruku decided to press ahead with the demarcation. The final stage will be to drive loggers and miners from their land, which is something the villages along Troops' River have already done. Without getting the answers they need from the government, the Munduruku have decided that their only option is to defend their lands – whoever may try to invade them.


text: OCCAR News 01. April 2020 New Head of Finance Division OCCAR has a new Head of Finance Division since the beginning of April. Mr Claudio Confalonieri replaces in the post Mr Guillaume Bigot, whose contract, according to OCCAR personnel regulations, came to an end in March. 18. December 2019 Inauguration of the new OCCAR Paris site The new OCCAR Paris site has been inaugurated today by the Board of Supervisors. The new site is operational since 21 October. 10. December 2019 OCCAR Director at EDA to discuss cooperation and bilateral roadmap The OCCAR Director Matteo Bisceglia visited EDA today to discuss the bilateral cooperation and programmes of relevance to both organisations with its Chief Executive, Jorge Domecq . 16. April 2019 FREMM MARCEGLIA - Final Official Acceptance: The 8th FREMM delivered to the Italian Navy On 16 April, the Italian FREMM frigate "MARCEGLIA" was delivered by OCCAR to the Italian Navy. Pagination Current page 1 Page 2 Page 3 … Next page ›› Last page Last »

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|Compact version
|Tuesday, 22 September 2020
Athens News Agency: News in English, 06-10-02
Athens News Agency: News in English Directory - Previous Article - Next Article
From: The Athens News Agency at <http://www.ana.gr/>
[01] Economic prospects remain favourable, FinMin saysGreece's economic prospects remained favourable, Economy and Finance Minister George Alogoskoufis said on Monday after presenting the draft budget plan for 2007.
Alogoskoufis added that the ministry was achieving its goal of reducing the fiscal deficit below 3.0 percent of GDP, to 2.6 pct this year and 2.4 pct in 2007.
"We have achieved a great fiscal adjustment in the last few years with deficit reducing and public debt falling significantly," he said.
The main goals of the governmentâs economic policy for 2007 include further reducing the deficit and the public debt; improving competitiveness; lowering unemployment, supporting lower-income groups and boosting investments and development.
The draft budget envisages raises of 50 euros and 35 euros for pension payments to farmers and supplementary pension payments, respectively, as well as raising the tax exempt ceiling to 12,000 euros.
Alogoskoufis said prospects remained favourable, adding that if there was no any surprise hikes in fuel prices the inflation rate would ebb in 2007 and average real wages would exceed the inflation rate.
Spending in a Public Investments Programme will total 8.750 billion euros next year, up from 8.1 billion in 2006, to be covered by national funds (2.4 billion euros) and co-financed funds (6.35 billion). The programme will be fixed at 4.2 pct of the countryâs GDP.
Alogoskoufis said the draft budget did not include extra spending for elections, while he underlined higher spending on healthcare. The Greek minister said hiring by the public sector would be restrained and noted that the government intended to contain spending.
The draft budget also included a special chapter on revising the countryâs national accounts system based on the year 2000, whereas Alogoskoufis stressed that a decision to revise upwards the GDP was obligatory for Greece, as all other EU member-states have completed this procedure.
Athens has asked an extension to the deadline for this procedure by September 2006.
The revision was obligatory but was decided for fundamental reasons as well, since changes in the services sector should be considered, Alogoskoufis noted. The minister said the revised figures have been submitted to Eurostat and that a response was awaited in the next few weeks. The figures showed a 25.7-pct higher revision of Greek GDP.
The Labour, Agriculture, Public Order and Aegean ministries are the ones with the largest percentage increase in funds from a new state budget, 13.9 pct, 9.9 pct, 8.3 pct and 8.1 pct, respectively.
Funds earmarked for the Education ministry are up 5.9 pct, Health 5.7 pct, National Defence 5.2 pct, Interior 6.0 pct, Merchant Marine 6.3 pct, Economy and Finance 0.1 pct, Justice 6.5 pct, Foreign Affairs 6.6 pct, Transport 3.2 pct, Culture 4.5 pct, Public Works 5.6 pct, Development 8.0 pct, Tourism 5.1 pct and Macedonia-Thrace 7.1 pct.
ANA-MPA file photo of Alogoskoufis.
[02] Gov't on the Muslim minority, EU-Turkey tiesThere is only one minority in Greece, the Muslim minority, which enjoys total equality before the law and the State, alternate government spokesman Evangelos Antonaros stressed on Monday, in reaction to Turkish leadership's recent statements pertaining to the minority's standard of living in the Thrace region.
The government has drawn up a specific strategy and expects from Ankara to fully meet its commitments toward the 25 EU member-states, he added, commenting on the future of the EU-Turkey relations.
ANA-MPA file photo of Antonaros.
[03] Euro-Ombudsman briefs PM on Greece's standingPrime Minister Costas Karamanlis on Monday met here with European Ombudsman Nikiforos Diamantouros, who presented the Greek side with a report referring to the country's standing in the 2005 annual report for European Union member-states.
Diamantouros, who held the same position on a national level in Greece before assuming the Europe-wide post, said Greece was eighth among EU countries in terms of reports and complaints to his office.
"We are, therefore, far ahead of the European average," he added, in referring to the national figures.
Moreover, Diamantouros said he briefed Karamanlis over the particular issues and sectors that generated the most complaints by Greek citizens, which broadly can be divided into four categories: poor administrative practices, such as failure to answer or act on a citizen's request, misuse of authority etc.; protests over job placements in EU agencies; corporate and individual appeals of decisions dealing with EU-related contracts, and finally, free access to official and public documents.
Finally, the European Ombudsman said public administrations across the Union accept his office's recommendations by a rate that exceeds 93 percent.
ANA-MPA file photo of Diamantouros.
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On a perfect summer evening Reggie Heyworth of The Cotswold Wildlife Park gave a lovely party to celebrate our 70th Anniversary and to raise funds for The Mulberry Bush School. Seven kind hostesses (Arabella Woods, Laura Williams, Lucinda Stewart-Richardson, Sarah Vernon, Laura Sednaoui and Plum Brackenbury) invited their friends to enjoy drinks and canapés on the terrace of the beautiful house at the park while their children played in the playground and visited the animals.
There was such a loud babble of conversation that at first the rhinos stayed near the rhino-houses in the distance, but later two mothers and their calves were brave enough to come near the guests.
We are so grateful to Reggie, all the hostesses and guests for their amazing generosity.


text: Show Project InfoHide Project Info Brownlee Brothers D+S & Ali & Jonny The brothers were fed up with having a static website that was costly to update and a lengthy process to do so. They approached us and asked us to build them something future-proof and update their branding too. Client: Blue Carpet PR Website: thebrownleebrothers.com Services: Web, Branding, Social


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|No, she isn't one of the abandoned
61.03 min 10,225 steps - 9.8 km - lovely day, warm, sunny, something light in the air. Somehow there's more to sniff around than usual, dogs tell me.
Past week-end British schools broke for summer holidays and a lot of French also departed on vacations. It is estimated that 62 percent of the French will go on holidays this summer. According to animal rights groups this period also coincides with the biggest number of abandoned dogs, cats and other family pets left wandering in the road, in parks and forests. France Soir says the total number of abandoned pets reaches 60,000 at the time.
What? They go on a holiday and dump the family pet? It appears so.
'It is irresponsible and undignified to throw out a dog or a cat that you have adopted,' says Valerie Fernandez, a spokesperson for the Société protectrice des animaux (SPA). 'They found themselves defenseless while their masters laze about in the sun. It's scandalous.' Every year the Société launches an appeal for responsible behaviour.
Société protectrice des animaux web-site: spa.asso.fr


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The Best LPs of 2012 Countdown: 20 to 11
Continuing the countdown to my favorite record of 2012, today I present numbers 11 through 20.
Continuing the countdown to my favorite record of 2012, today I present numbers 11 through 20.
Alright, so I have a treat for you. Being that I spent Thanksgiving week on vacation in Vancouver, WA with my parents — yes, a full week — I was out of town for my normal Friday show. Rather than having Stuarto cover for me, as holidays aren't the best for extra shifts at the… Continue reading Fense's Radio Show: November 23, 2012
I had Friday off and ended up spending most of the day sanding down cabinets. They came out looking great; a natural light pine distressed with a hint of dark stain peeping through. Ultimately they will get two light coats of matte brown followed by white paint and distressed lightly.
Andi and I went to the beach this past weekend. And now we're engaged, around five years and five days after our official first date. We're pretty excited and have been talking to all our old friends about the plans (completely unofficial at this time); most likely a June 2013 wedding. I sense a show… Continue reading Fense's Radio Show: August 3, 2012
Cari Ray and Jordy Asher may once have created indie pop, but the past is no longer. Blonds new album, The Bad Ones, is filled with dreamy, soulful mystery. While it may be based loosely around the indie-pop genre, there is a colorful darkness behind the songs this Brooklyn by way of Florida duo creates;… Continue reading Blonds: Feature


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Search the Community
Showing results for tags 'offset error'.
Found 2 results
Why cannot I offset this shape 1.0 mm towards outside?
junehe posted a topic in AutoCAD Beginners' AreaWhy cannot I offset this shape 1.0 mm towards outside? I have attached the original dwg file here. Thank you very much! cannot offset.dwg
Pline entity with error - (the offset command doesn't work)
CafeJr posted a topic in AutoLISP, Visual LISP & DCLGuys, Attached here I have one drawing with a pline exported from another software, I receive a lot of this kind of entity with the same error, someone know's how to fix it, or it's possible redraw it with another line but as the same format!... (Try to do a offset of 20 mm about that entity, to both sides, not works) It's possible work with a lisp to redraw it? Thanks... Entity with error.dwg


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Multiple Teams · Watervliet High School Varsity Football beat Gobles High School 54-6
Friday, September 15, 2017 7:00 PM Watervliet High School AWAY 54 Gobles High School HOME 6 Game Recap The Panthers traveled to Gobles tonight to face the Tigers. The Panthers took charge almost immediately, taking only four plays to score after receiving the opening kickoff. The defense, which was fantastic all night, forced a three


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Things You Can Check Out In Kuala Lumpur This Weekend
That time of the week to kick your worries away has arrived. Lost for things to do this weekend? It's cool – #TeamCLEO has your back.
Redbull Music Academy presents Octave One
Techno heads young and old rejoice as Red Bull Music Academy presents Octave One live in Kuala Lumpur. With twelve albums and over two decades under their belt, the prolific band of brothers will be performing their very first show in Malaysia.
- RM40 at the Door (includes one complimentary Red Bull mixed drink)
Friday, 17th March 2017
KYO KL, Mandarin Oriental
Find out more at: https://www.facebook.com/events/402904950068517/
Jiro KL Presents Aera
German DJ Aera will be spinning the night away at Jiro. Expect him to drop beats from his latest EPs 'Running Hot' and 'Two Planets'. Opening acts for the night are local boys Jonnyvicious, Slutski and Alan Tand.
Saturday, 18th March 2017
Jiro Kuala Lumpur
Find out more at: https://www.facebook.com/events/1241496655958035/
Youth Bazaar by Retire at Twenties
Organised by Retire At Twenties (RAT), Youth Bazaar is a place that has the hottest vendors from food, clothing, accessories, pastries and more!
Saturday 18th March 2017 – Sunday 19th March 2017
Jaya One
Find out more at: https://www.facebook.com/events/1088553451253859/
The Sunday Phix with SaturdaySelects
The Sunday Phix with SaturdaySelects is a collaboration between two brands that focuses on providing a platform and introducing the community to the many obscure creatives in the scene; including artistes, graphic designers, streetwear labels, DJs and producers.
Sunday, 19th March 2017
PHIX, Subang Jaya
Find out more at: https://www.facebook.com/events/103196413547006/?active_tab=about


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Angel Number 116
Angel number 116 comes as a sign from your angels and the Ascended Masters that abundance and professional achievement are on the way for you at this time.
The abundance that you will soon attract into your life will also solve a number of problems that you may be having in your home and family life.
When your angels send you messages containing angel number 116, it comes as an encouragement to take the initiative in your professional life.
Doing so will certainly benefit your home or domestic situation.
If you have been thinking about buying a home, or fearful of taking a promotion because you are afraid to move, angel number 116 comes as a long-awaited green light.
Reveal which numbers show up in YOUR Numerology Chart »
The Vibrational Essence of Angel Number 116
Angel number 116 receives its auspicious vibrational energy from the combined influences of the numbers 1, 6, and Master Number 11.
The number 1 is a sign that it is a time for new beginnings and to take the initiative in a project or enterprise.
The number 1 also signifies the likelihood that you will receive a promotion or be asked to take on a leadership position in the near future.
The number 6 is the number of harmony and balance in the home. It often appears in angel numbers as a sign of the importance of leading a life that is balanced between work and home.
Believe it or not, you angels are telling you that you can enjoy professional success, high achievement, and abundance while also enjoying a rich and fulfilling family life.
Master number 11 resonates with a highly spiritual vibration that is aligned directly with Source Energy.
Whenever this energy becomes operative in your life, you will have an unusually powerful ability to manifest your desires.
If you use this alignment wisely, you will be able to attract the perfect solution to any problem that may be troubling you.
Free Personalized Numerology Reading By Clicking Here!
Angel Number 116 and High Achievement
Angel number 116 may also be thought of as a special expression of the number 8 (1+1+6=8). The vibrational essence of the number 8 is associated with abundance, high achievement, and prosperity.
Whenever the energy of number 8 shines through angel number 116, it signifies abundance and prosperity in your home life.
Like 121, angel number 116 may also be indicative of a business or job with domestic associations from which will derive great prosperity.
If you have been thinking of working from home, angel number 116 may come as an answer from your angels that your plan may be the perfect solution to your problems.
Have you been seeing Angel Number 611 lately?
If you want to uncover what has been encoded in your destiny when you were born, there's a free, personalized numerology report you can grab here.


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The government awards a great many contracts by tender for work, goods and services to various companies every year. Daily court decisions show time and again that contracting parties and market parties submitting tenders may come up against a whole lot of questions, such as the following:
- Is the contracting authority's description of the work in the tender documents sufficiently precise?
- Are the tenderers at an unfair disadvantage with respect to the current contractor?
- When does a contracting authority have the right to withdraw an invitation to tender and replace it with a new one that fits in better with its own requirements and perceptions?
- In the latter case, are you as a tenderer entitled to compensation?
- If a contract has already been awarded, is it possible to alter or extend it in the interim?
At Ploum, our specialists in national and EU procurement law have in-depth knowledge and many years of experience in advising and assisting contracting authorities and market parties alike.
Issuing tenders
Ploum can help you from start to finish during each phase of a tendering procedure. For example, we can assist you in preparing and drawing up a tender procedure, and we can also advise you on all the problems you may encounter during this procedure, such as objections from the market. If necessary, we will take the initiative and represent your interests vis-à-vis your partners and/or tenderers or potential tenderers out of court, but also in court or before the Procurement Experts Committee (in Dutch: Commissie van Aanbesteding Experts) if the need should arise.
Tendering for a contract
As a tenderer in a tender process, you can engage Ploum as a fully-fledged member of a bid team or as your advisor in the event of any questions relating to procurement law which may arise. One example is if you submitted a tender for a public contract, but you were not awarded this contract and you feel that this is unfair. Of course we will not hesitate to take the matter to court, but only after we have given you clear advice on the proceedings.
Complicated problems relating to procurement law
Our expertise in the field of procurement law goes further than advising and litigating on regular tenders issued by the government and contracts in the IT, energy, education, insurance and care sectors. At Ploum, our experts also have wide experience of more complicated problems relating to procurement law. These include consortia, concessions, in-house provision and outsourcing, horizontal public collaboration, 2B services, best value procurement and voluntary private tenders. As well as competition-related dialogue, negotiated procedures with or without notice, and service provision by another contracting authority pursuant to exclusive rights.
More information
E firstname.lastname@example.com
E firstname.lastname@example.com
E email@example.com


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Biodegradable Oxamide-Phenylene-Based Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles with Unprecedented Drug Payloads for Delivery in Cells
AuthorsCroissant, Jonas
Fatieiev, Yevhen
Julfakyan, Khachatur
Lu, Jie
Emwas, Abdelhamid
Anjum, Dalaver H.
Omar, Haneen
Tamanoi, Fuyuhiko
Zink, Jeffrey
Khashab, Niveen M.
KAUST DepartmentAdvanced Membranes and Porous Materials Research Center
Chemical Science Program
Imaging and Characterization Core Lab
Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division
Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) lab
Online Publication Date2016-06-30
Print Publication Date2016-10-10
Permanent link to this recordhttp://hdl.handle.net/10754/612998
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractWe describe biodegradable mesoporous hybrid NPs in the presence of proteins, and its application for drug delivery. We synthesized oxamide-phenylene-based mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MON) in the absence of silica source which had a remarkably high organic content with a high surface area. Oxamide functions provided biodegradability in the presence of trypsin model proteins. MON displayed exceptionally high payloads of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs (up to 84 wt%), and a unique zero premature leakage without the pore capping, unlike mesoporous silica. MON were biocompatible and internalized into cancer cells for drug delivery.
CitationBiodegradable Oxamide-Phenylene-Based Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles with Unprecedented Drug Payloads for Delivery in Cells 2016 Chemistry - A European Journal
SponsorsThe authors gratefully acknowledge King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and the University of California, Los Angeles for the support of this work.
JournalChemistry - A European Journal
PubMed ID27258139
Additional Linkshttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/chem.201601714
Scopus Count
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- Authors: Croissant JG, Fatieiev Y, Omar H, Anjum DH, Gurinov A, Lu J, Tamanoi F, Zink JI, Khashab NM
- Issue date: 2016 Jul 4
- Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with organo-bridged silsesquioxane framework as innovative platforms for bioimaging and therapeutic agent delivery.
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School-Wide Positive Behavior Supports: PVPA C.A.R.E.S.
Considerate Accountable Respectful Empathetic Safe
The main focus of School-Wide Positive Behavior Supports is to provide a clear system for all expected behaviors at PVPA. As PVPA's student body comes from almost 60 different towns and cities, the behavioral expectations learned from sending schools and home communities vary widely.
SWPBS is based on the idea that when students are taught clearly defined behavioral expectations and provided with predictable responses to their behavior, both positive and corrective, all students are more likely to meet those expectations. Through SWPBS, we work to create and maintain a productive, fair, safe environment in which all school community members have clear expectations and understanding of their role in the educational process.
PVPA C.A.R.E.S. is built on this evidence-based framework proven to improve school climate, reduce challenging behavior, and increase instructional time in schools. PVPA C.A.R.E.S was designed to intentionally teach and reward expected behaviors and put into place supports to prevent unexpected behaviors.
Click HERE to view the PVPA C.A.R.E.S. Code of Conduct & Behavior Matrix.
|Defines Expectations
Considerate Accountable Respectful Empathetic Safe
These expectations are outlined across school settings in the Behavior Expectations Matrix and the Code of Conduct Matrix
|Teaches Expectations
...To all students and then expectations are reinforced by all school adults in the moment. A series of seven lessons are taught in grades 7-9 using a variety of arts to explore and practice each expectation.
|Acknowledges Expected Behaviors
….School adults provide acknowledgement and positive reinforcement of expected and wanted behaviors by:
|Responds to Unexpected Behaviors
...By reteaching the expected behavior
...By offering opportunities to reflect on actions and make amends
...By enlisting caregiver support in reinforcing expectations
...By providing needed supports for students to be able to meet the expectations
...By maintaining a safe and welcoming school through accountability to the expectations


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Commuters in the Greater Toronto Area are encouraged to leave plenty of time for travel on Monday as the region deals with intense snowfall and brisk winds.
Environment Canada issued a winter storm warning. It said 15 to 25 centimetres of snow, which is the result of an "Alberta Clipper," is expected to hit the city by Tuesday morning.
"The evening commute will be very messy with snow and blowing snow," Global News meteorologist Anthony Farnell said, adding temperatures will remain well below freezing.
Winds gusting to 50 km/h are blowing the snow around, making for treacherous driving conditions.
The City of Toronto said salting operations began just after 12 p.m. on Monday. Plowing will begin once the snow accumulation hits five centimetres.
The TTC issued a warning to commuters Monday to "plan ahead" for the conditions. Anti-icing efforts are underway, as well as heaters have been turned on across the TTC network.
Extra staff will also be working overnight to monitor signals and tracks.
OPP Sgt. Kerry Schmidt said commuters who are driving should make sure snow is cleared off of vehicles, that emergency supplies are stocked and that washer fluid is topped up. He said to also make sure you are giving yourself extra time.
As of 10 p.m. on Monday, Schmidt said there were more than 100 collisions on GTA highways patrolled by OPP officers.
He said collisions that take place during events like these are often "preventable."
"Drivers just going too fast, following too close, not paying attention — those are absolutely preventable and we just want people to do their part," he said.
READ MORE: Video appears to show motorist clearing windshield of snow while driving on Toronto highway
If you get into a collision, Schmidt said drivers involved should remove themselves from the highway to exchange information or get to a collision reporting centre.
After the storm hits, Farnell said temperatures will continue to plummet into the double-digits below freezing by late Tuesday.
He said Wednesday will be one of the coldest days of the entire winter season with temperatures hovering near -20 C, with wind chills below -30 C.
List of closures and delays
– George Brown College is set to close at 3 p.m.
– Centennial College is set to close at 3:30 p.m.
– University of Toronto Mississauga is set to close at 4 p.m.
– Sheridan College is set to close at 4 p.m.
– University of Toronto Scarborough is set to close at 5 p.m.
– Humber College and University of Guelph-Humber is set to close at 6 p.m.
– Ryerson University is set to close at 6 p.m.
– City of Brampton recreation programs are cancelled as of 3 p.m.
– City of Mississauga recreation programs, planning and road safety meetings cancelled as of 3 p.m.
– Toronto Pearson International and Billy Bishop airports are reporting cancellations and delays
– TTC Line 3 (Scarborough RT) is being replaced with shuttle buses due to weather-related issues
– GO Transit is reporting delays on bus routes in Mississauga, Brampton and Toronto, Route 16 Hamilton-Toronto buses are cancelled


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There's no denying that fans love Train to Busan and Goblin star Gong Yoo. And in case you needed another reason to love the guy, you should know that he is one of very few celebrities who refrains from social media. In an age where the average guy or gal with 100 followers can't live without social media, could a celebrity just throw away millions of potential fans? If so, wouldn't that be blasphemy? Well, apparently not for Gong Yoo.
Gong Yoo, it appears, detests social media. The Train To Busan star recently talked about his social media absence during a fan event in Taiwan, Dramafever reports. During the Q&A session, the Goblin star was asked by one of the fans why he was absent in social media, and Gong Yoo had a brilliant response. The actor insisted that he was voluntarily off social media because he was trying to avoid the cultural bandwagon that is sharing selfies or other personal photos online to maintain "fame."
"First of all, I don't have SNS accounts because I don't like taking selfies and photos in general. I like to see things in person rather than capturing them in photo form."
Gong Yoo further pointed out how much the process of sharing photos on social media involved editing the photos in some way to make them seem more appealing. Gong Yoo particularly dislikes this because he considers it to be very unnatural.
"Also, most of the time these services are used to share photos. So when you show a photo, you have to package and edit it in a certain manner and I don't like it because it's unnatural. I don't like thinking about editing and how this photo could be seen as."
Of course, not everyone would agree with Gong Yoo. Many people use social media for other reasons. Some may use it to share their opinions or awareness, as well as share breaking news or even to keep authorities in check. But what Gong Yoo has got right is that most of the 2.6 billion smartphone users do use social media to post their own photos or share what's going on in their personal lives. This is particularly true of most celebrities who, for better or worse, have come to completely rely on these platforms to maintain their fame. All that considered, Gong Yoo, it appears, is indeed a special breed.
Gong Yoo first became famous starring in hit TV shows and films such as 2007's Coffee Prince and 2012's Big. The former skyrocketed his career, boosting his fame worldwide and making him a household name in South Korea. His first acting role was in 2001's School 4.
The South Korean actor has been enjoying a new wave of popularity lately, mostly thanks to the success of his new drama series Goblin. Whether he likes it or not, this has once again put him in the media spotlight, with a lot of people interested in learning more about his personal life. And even though the actor will not be sharing his lifestyle on social media anytime soon, he does occasionally offer glimpses into his life and personal opinions via interviews.
In one recent interview he shared how, at age 37, marriage and parenthood were things that still scared him.
"I have become more and more afraid about marriage and parenting. I think its because I am getting older. Of course, there will be a lot to learn, and I also know that the experience will help in my acting."
[Featured Image by Pascal LeSegretain/Getty Images]


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The Last Wolf
Author(s): Laszlo Krasznahorkai
In The Last Wolf, a philosophy professor is mistakenly hired to write the true tale of the last wolf of Extremadura, a barren stretch of Spain. His miserable experience is narrated in a single, rolling sentence to a patently bored bartender in a dreary Berlin bar. In Herman, a master trapper is asked to clear a forest's last 'noxious beasts.' Herman begins with great zeal, although in time he switches sides, deciding to track entirely new game...In Herman II, the same events are related from the perspective of strange visitors to the region, a group of hyper-sexualised aristocrats who interrupt their orgies to pitch in with the manhunt of poor Herman...These intense, perfect novellas, full of Krasznhorkai's signature sense of foreboding and dark irony, are perfect examples of his craft.
Product Information
Two masterly novellas by Europe's preeminent literary genius
A visionary writer of extraordinary intensity and vocal range who captures the texture of present day existence in scenes that are terrifying, strange, appallingly comic and often shatteringly beautiful ... magnificent works of deep imagination -- Man Booker International Prize citation The Last Wolf is a great introduction to the world of Laszlo Krasznahorkai. Enter here and keep going. -- Sjon [Krasznahorkai has] a magnificently strange and hypnotic way of thinking. TLS
Laszlo Krasznahorkai was born in Gyula, Hungary, in 1954. He has written five novels and won numerous prizes, including the International Man Booker Prize 2015, 2013 Best Translated Book Award in Fiction for Satantango, and 1993 Best Book of the Year Award in Germany for The Melancholy of Resistance. For more about Krasznahorkai, visit his extensive website: http://www.krasznahorkai.hu/
General Fields
- : 9781781258132
- : Profile Books Ltd
- : Profile Books Ltd
- : January 2017
- : 216mm X 135mm
- : United Kingdom
- : February 2017
- : books
Special Fields
- : Laszlo Krasznahorkai
- : Hardback
- : Main
- : en
- : 894.51134
- : 128


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After watching the movie Bohemian Rhapsody, I'm spending all my downtime adding Queen songs to your playlist on Spotify + Googling all the fun facts about the band + showing my kiddo the proper "We Will Rock You" stomp/clap choreography. I can't stop. Please send help!Seriously can't even begin to process all the "feels" this movie has made me feel. So I made this ready-to-print masterpiece to celebrate Freddie.
And to all my fellow misfits and outcasts. This one's for you.
This is an instant download digital product. No physical item will be sent to your mailing address.
You can print as many copies as you'd like for personal use.


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Stay Snug As A Duck This Winter
There's a nip in the air – a sure sign that winter is on its way and it's time to get ready for the cold days. Thankfully, The Crazy Store has plenty of products that will help keep those chills at bay.
From hot water bottles and heating pads to gloves, beanies and slippers there's no need to shiver in your home this winter. Beat the chill with the best winter warmers from The Crazy Store.
The Crazy Store has over 370 stores nationwide to cater for convenience and ease of shopping. Head to your nearest Crazy Store to find something for the whole family.
To join The Crazy Store community and keep updated with the latest promotions, visit www.crazystore.co.za, follow @TheCrazyStoreSA on Instagram, Facebook and @TheCrazyStore on Twitter.
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Coal mine lake plan looms
The Victorian Government is looking at turning old coal mines into lakes.
Three mines scheduled for closure could be filled with water drawn from the Latrobe River system, according to a new report.
Victoria's mine rehabilitation commissioner, Professor Rae Mackay, says filling the mines with water would stabilise them.
"It's very much about safety, stability. And it's also a little bit about sustainability as well," Professor Mackay said.
"We want to try and find a way that doesn't actually cost us a lot of money or cost us a lot of effort to actually maintain these pits into the future."
A recent government report found Hazelwood mine (which closed in 2017) would need 725 gigalitres to fill it, which would take 15 to 20 years without interruption.
The Yallourn mine (scheduled to close in 2032) would need 725GL and 20 to 25 years to fill, while the Loy Yang mine (slated closure in 2048) holds 1,420GL and would take 25 to 30 years to fill.
The analysis found other water sources were not "of suitable quality, volume or comparative cost" to be feasible, but suggested this may change in the future.
Environment Victoria says filling the mines may have a negative impact on the river system.
The government's own figures show flows into the Latrobe are down by 25 per cent since 1997, from 800GL to 600GL a year.
Environment Victoria community organiser Laura Melville said there may be water availability issues in the future.
"I think we've already seen the impacts of not having that much water in the Latrobe River system on the Gippsland Lakes and increased salinity in the lakes," she said.
"And if we take even more water out of that system, who knows what the impacts will continue to be on that ecosystem?"
With some parts of the plan running well into the 2070s, experts say any projects would need to be constantly monitored and evaluated as circumstances evolve.
The Government's final plan for the mines should be released mid-year.


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Dr. Raymond is a cardiologist specializing in cardiovascular disease, internal medicine, noninvasive cardiology, preventive cardiology, and echocardiography.
Dr. Raymond is a cardiologist specializing in cardiovascular disease, internal medicine, noninvasive cardiology, preventive cardiology, and echocardiography.
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The best !
Professional, took time and thorough..
Dr. Raymond really listens to the patient and he gives plenty of time to discuss everything.
Professional, knowledgeable easy to communicate with.
Took the time out of his busy schedule to explain my recent tests and my new meds and what was the reason for the changes.
very thorough and a great guy
Great Doctor, has kept me alive for 15 more years!
Thorough. Answered all my questions. Easy to talk to.
I am still alive, thank God
I'm very happy with Dr. Raymond. He listens to me and gives me his full attention.
Explained things well. Easy to talk to.
When it comes to a cardiologist Dr Raymond is hands down the very best out there! And if that's not enough his entire staff is absolutely top shelf! I wish there were more stars that I could award them all because 5 is not enough!
great doctor
Great Doctor... very professional and learned in his field.
Dr. Raymond is true care giver. He listens and gives you full detail of you health situation.
Dr. Raymond shows a deep interest in his patients and is patient when meeting. He answers questions and provides sound advice.
He is a great Cardiologist.
He listens to your concerns and gives thorough interpretation of any tests or scans you may have had.
Very thorough
Doctor explained every well and was not rushed.
He was super nice and took the time to explain the process and next steps to me
Is patient. Listens well. Answers questions thoroughly. Explains everything.
Dr. Raymond is outstanding—I find your surveys most annoying
Dr Raymond listens to you and is very clear with his answers to your questions which is rare to find in a doctor these days !
Great doctor. Very smart and really takes an interest in your health.
Doctor Raymond is outstanding. Knowledgeable, great listener, and sensitive to my needs
Very nice and excellent Dr. to talk to and he explained the possibility very well... Thank you, Sergio
Wonderful care. Very knowledgeable.
Splendid, kind, intelligent. I trust Dr. Raymond.
Excellent care. Thank you.
professional , courteous, helpful and considerate, i would not be go for a checkup if it were not for him and dr, Severino, my family all go to dr, Raymond. just the best. you all are lucky to have him
Dr. Raymond is informative and an good listener. He presents options and is open to discussing which fits best for me.
Dr. Raymond came highly recommended by a long time patient, who is also a tenured medical professional. Our experience exceeded expectations because of his skilled assessment, clear communication, and caring demeanor.
Very much on time, through and professional
Always provides sound advice.
Dr Raymond was very focused on what I was saying and made me feel comfortable with his recommended course of action.
From front office to Dr. was pleasant and professional.
I always learn something at our visits. Plus he is compassionate and caring doctor.
Excellent doctor!!!
Dr. Raymond and his staff are great! Doctor Raymond is the ultimate doctor who spends a lot of time with me during my appointment. He is thorough and cares.
Very knowledgeable cardiologist and great guy,
Thorough, unrushed, detailed.
He makes me feel comfortable. I have confidence in his skill & I'm happy he takes care of me . He listens and remembers. He truly knows me .
Dr Raymond has an excellent bedside manner. He listens, seems caring and very competent
Good visit he answers all questions well
Excellent dr
Great doctor!
My cardiologist for nearly 20yrs! Thanks for everything Dr. Raymond!
The best!
Overall great experience!
Dr Raymond was amazingly patient with my 83 yr old mom! He listened to her attentively even when she was rambling a bit off topic, and he did a variety of informative tests before prescribing drugs! I would highly recommend Dr Raymond!!
Always explains details of my cardiac issues & steps to take to stay healthy. Also explains latest procedures available for surgical "fixes" if ever required. Also good conversationalist.
Exceptional care is given by Dr Raymond. Takes his time and listens. I never feel rushed and know I'm in good hands.
Very thorough and caring. Discusses everything in detail, options, takes time explaining medical issues and fully answers questions. Just outstanding!
He's explains things and answers questions thoroughly and patiently. Offers encouragement.
The best!
Really takes time to listen
Exceptionally helpful.
He's a caring doctor who takes the time to talk and explain.
Always pleasant and upbeat. He takes time with me and not feel rushed, which is uncommon today. Great bedside manners.
Takes time to explain your needs Very nice and polite.
Took time to explain everything.
Though! On top of aspects of my case I forgot. Personable but thoroughly professional.
The best!
Always positive, always helpful, takes the time needed with a patient
I believe I get excellent care from Dr. Raymond and his staff. Always pleasant to deal with.
Caring, concerned and understanding. Very confident in Dr Raymond. Have been a patient for many years.
Excellent Cardiac Specialist who keeps me healthy.
Dr Raymond is an excellent doctor, easy to have a conversation with.
5 stars say it all
Dr Raymond asks questions and goes over history.
I never feel rushed. I sense that he does care about my situation and my future.
A Dr that knows his patience and conditions. Very impressed
Dr Raymond is superb, as is his highly professional support staff at Cardiac Specialists. Raymond keeps on top of all issues, lets me know all the options, and is a superb communicator about the +'s and -'s of different courses of action.
Top notch in every respect
A very patient doctor that hears and answers ALL your concerns and questions and gives you peace of mind with real "human" answers on how to better your condition!!
Dr. Raymond is tops. He takes a personal interest in patience progress. He has been my cardiologist for about 15 years.
Caring and professional.
Knowledgable and personable
Dr. Raymond takes the time to talk with patients, to see them as people. His concern is genuine .
Good rappore...good knowledge of my situation. Answered my questions and concerns
Dr. Raymond is a very caring,compassionate doctor. He takes the time to listen and answer all your questions.
A pragmatic professional
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Dr Raymond always takes his time and explains everything in detail
Dr. Raymond provides me with excellent ongoing care. I wouldn't have been able to write this note if he and the team at the Danbury Hospital hadn't saved my life.
EDUCATION & TRAINING Fellowship, Cardiovascular Disease, University of North Carolina Residency, Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut University of Connecticut School of Medicine Amherst College CERTIFICATIONS American Board of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease National Board of Echocardiography, Diplomate APPOINTMENTS Attending Physician, Bridgeport Hospital Attending Physician, Danbury Hospital Chief Medical Resident, University of Connecticut PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES Fellow, American College of Cardiology AWARDS Lange Award in Medicine PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS Noninvasive Cardiology Preventive Cardiology Echocardiography


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Wapping resident Suzy Urch has organised a history tour of Wapping to help raise money for the homeless this Christmas.
All money raised will go to Crisis At Christmas,
Every Christmas schools, churches and town halls across London open their doors to Crisis to provide three hot meals a day, a doctor, a vet, job and housing advice, somewhere safe to sleep, friendly company and more for the homeless during the festive period.
The more support the merrier!
People should meet opposite Tobacco Dock on Wapping Lane at 2pm on Sunday the 17th December. The more the merrier (dogs encouraged) and there will be a prize for the best Christmas jumper!
You can find all the information you need on the Facebook event page, including how to buy tickets.


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Ultimate Indulgence, approx. RM1,280 for 210 minutes
"Pañpuri's pristine white treatment space, featuring a lotus flower etching on the centre wall, immediately set the tone for my relaxation journey as I entered. The motto, "Everything that touches you is organic", spells out the spa's philosphy, that only the best and safest ingredients are used. From the Organic Milk Salt Body Scrub and Thai Herbal Compress massage—pure relaxation for the body and mind—to the Lotus Defense Rejuvenating Facial, it truly felt like I was in nirvana." — Claire Goh
88 (Central Embassy), Wireless Road Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand. Tel: +66 20 121 150


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When Is Your First Mortgage Payment Due?
You have some control over how soon it comes due
You might have heard that you won't have to make a mortgage payment for some considerable time after you close on your new home, but you're uncomfortable counting on that because you've worked so hard to build good credit. You don't want to risk messing it up. So how do you know when your first mortgage payment is due?
It's easier to figure out than you might think if you understand two simple rules. Amortization is the key to how a mortgage works and when your first payment will be due.
Rule No. 1 Mortgage Interest Is Paid in Arrears
Your first mortgage payment is typically due at the end of the first full month after closing. Remaining payments are due every month thereafter, and interest accrues on your principal balance.
Mortgage interest is paid after it's accumulated, not before. Your June 1 payment would include interest for the entire month of May, or the entire portion of May that you owned the home if that was the month in which you closed.
Rule No. 2 Principal Is Paid in Advance
A mortgage payment consists of two parts: interest and principal. The principal portion of your mortgage payment is paid going forward, and it reduces the principal balance you owe as of the date it's due and is paid. You'll pay interest on a lesser balance in the ensuing month.
Putting It All Together
The closing agent will collect interest from you for up to 30 days before the first full month when you buy a home and obtain a mortgage. This interest will be listed on your closing statement, and it's charged as a closing cost.
You'll be charged prorated daily interest from March 15 through March 31 if your closing date is March 15. The interest collected at closing will cover the interest due on your mortgage for those last 16 days of March. Then your first mortgage payment will be due on May 1, and that payment will include the interest for April.
Let's Do the Math
Let's say you borrow $200,000 at 5% interest. Your monthly payment would be $1,073.64, payable in equal monthly installments for 30 years.
You can calculate your daily interest for the period of time prior to 30 days before the first payment is figured by taking $200,000 times the interest rate of 5%. Now divide that number by 12 months and divide the result again by 30 days.
Your daily interest rate works out to $27.78. You'll owe 16 days of interest for March, or $444.48, which you would pay at closing if you close on March 15.
You'll make a mortgage payment of $1,073.64 on May 1. That payment will pay the interest for April: $1,073.64 less $833.33—a full month's interest for April—equals $240.31, which is representative of the reduction in principal. Your unpaid principal mortgage balance as of May 1 is $199,759.69, subtracting $240.31 from $200,000.
The Bottom Line
You can avoid paying all that prorated interest out of pocket at closing if you close as near to the end of the month as possible.
You'll have a long hiatus before that payment comes due if you close at the beginning of the month, but you'd have to make a fairly substantial interest payment for that month's interest at closing.
You'll most likely welcome some breathing room between closing and the due date of your first mortgage payment, given the large sum of money you'll pay at the closing. But you're not actually skipping any payments. Technically, while it might seem like you're getting a month free of a housing payment, you really aren't.
Article Sources
University of California Office of Loan Programs. "Interest in Arrears." Accessed May 7, 2020.
LendingTree. "When Is My First Mortgage Payment Due?" Accessed May 7, 2020.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "How Does Paying Down a Mortgage Work?" Accessed May 7, 2020.
Zillow. "What Are Closing Costs and How Much Are They?" Accessed May 7, 2020.


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Teenie Harris, Photographer: An American Story
Exhibition at Heinz Galleries, Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, through April 7; web.cmoa.org/?page_id=327
As a main photographer from 1936 to 1975 for the Pittsburgh Courier, one of America's leading black newspapers during the Jim Crow and civil rights eras, Harris focused his sharp eye and cultural awareness on the pulsating life of large and diverse African-American communities. The dapper lensman shot high personages and the lowly without distinguishing between them: Lena Horne and Jackie Robinson and Martin Luther King Jr. hang cheek by jowl with shopkeepers and residents doing their daily things, as a commissioned jazz soundtrack purls in the background. Distilled during 10 years of research into Harris' 80,000-item archive, this exhibit serves up a remarkable look into the Other America most white contemporaries never saw.
Originally published in the April 2012 issue of American History. To subscribe, click here.